A multi-processor core system for high definition map processing
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/070282
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-10
Smart Images

Figure CN2024070282_10072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A MULTI-PROCESSOR CORE SYSTEM FOR HIGH DEFINITION MAP PROCESSINGTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more particularly, to wireless communication involving data processing.
[0002] INTRODUCTION
[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0004] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR) . 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with Internet of Things (IoT) ) , and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , massive machine type communications (mMTC) , and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) . Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. There exists a need for further improvements in 5G NR technology. These improvements may also be applicable to other multi-access technologies and the telecommunication standards that employ these technologies.
[0005] BRIEF SUMMARY
[0006] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects. This summary neither identifies key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineates the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0007] In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus partitions a map data buffer into a set of map data buffers based on map object types, where the map data buffer includes map data, and where a size of each of the set of map data buffers is less than a size of the map data buffer. The apparatus processes, in response to a request, a subset of map data buffers in the set of map data buffers with at least one processor simultaneously, where the processing of the subset of map data buffers is prioritized over a set of backend tasks, where the set of backend tasks includes at least one of map data downloading, map data buffering, or map data buffer partitioning. The apparatus processes the set of backend tasks based on the at least one processor being in an idle state or the processing of the subset of map data buffers being completed or idle.
[0008] To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects may include the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network.
[0010] FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0011] FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of downlink (DL) channels within a subframe, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of uplink (UL) channels within a subframe, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and user equipment (UE) in an access network.
[0015] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a UE positioning based on reference signal measurements.
[0016] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of camera-aided positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle performing map over the air in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of tasks performed by an application / system for using map data in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example processing of map data in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of data partitioning associated with the high-definition (HD) map processing in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of task assignment associated with the HD map processing in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example process of the backend task (s) associated with the HD map processing in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of frontend / real-time task (s) associated with the HD map processing in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example process of the frontend / real-time task (s) associated with the HD map processing in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.
[0026] FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.
[0027] FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example apparatus and / or network entity.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] Aspects presented herein may improve the overall performance for applications specifying map data (e.g., high-definition (HD) map data) , such as advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) systems, autonomous driving systems, navigation systems, etc. For example, aspects presented herein may enable an application / system to divide a task into multiple sub-tasks and scheduling tasks from the application / system may be executed by a multi-processor core system, thereby improving processor (e.g., central processing unit (CPU) ) utilization and performance of the application / system. In addition, a hierarchy of a task group may be established based on both multi-processor core number and map data handling task numbers.
[0029] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the drawings describes various configurations and does not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.
[0030] Several aspects of telecommunication systems are presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0031] By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” that includes one or more processors. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the functions individually or in combination. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs) , central processing units (CPUs) , application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs) , reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoC) , baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system may execute software. Software, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise, shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.
[0032] Accordingly, in one or more example aspects, implementations, and / or use cases, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media can include a random-access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.
[0033] While aspects, implementations, and / or use cases are described in this application by illustration to some examples, additional or different aspects, implementations and / or use cases may come about in many different arrangements and scenarios. Aspects, implementations, and / or use cases described herein may be implemented across many differing platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging arrangements. For example, aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may come about via integrated chip implementations and other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, artificial intelligence (AI) -enabled devices, etc. ) . While some examples may or may not be specifically directed to use cases or applications, a wide assortment of applicability of described examples may occur. Aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may range a spectrum from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations and further to aggregate, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more techniques herein. In some practical settings, devices incorporating described aspects and features may also include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspect. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily includes a number of components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antenna, RF-chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffer, processor (s) , interleaver, adders / summers, etc. ) . Techniques described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc. of varying sizes, shapes, and constitution.
[0034] Deployment of communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment, such as a base station (BS) , or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB) , evolved NB (eNB) , NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , or a cell, etc. ) may be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone BS or a monolithic BS) or a disaggregated base station.
[0035] An aggregated base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A disaggregated base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , or one or more radio units (RUs) ) . In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other RAN nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU and RU can be implemented as virtual units, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) .
[0036] Base station operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) ) , or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) ) . Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as distributing functionality for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of the disaggregated base station, or disaggregated RAN architecture, can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.
[0037] FIG. 1 is a diagram 100 illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network. The illustrated wireless communications system includes a disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110 that can communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real-time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real-time (Non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 105, or both) . A CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 140 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 140.
[0038] Each of the units, i.e., the CUs 110, the DUs 130, the RUs 140, as well as the Near-RT RICs 125, the Non-RT RICs 115, and the SMO Framework 105, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or to transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or to transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) , configured to receive or to transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0039] In some aspects, the CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 110. The CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) ) , control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) ) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 110 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as an E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 110 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 130, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0040] The DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, the DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation, demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by 3GPP. In some aspects, the DU 130 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 130, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 110.
[0041] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, an RU 140, controlled by a DU 130, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU (s) 140 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 140 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU (s) 130 and the CU 110 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0042] The SMO Framework 105 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 105 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements that may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 105 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 110, DUs 130, RUs 140 and Near-RT RICs 125. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 105 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 111, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 105 also may include a Non-RT RIC 115 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 105.
[0043] The Non-RT RIC 115 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 125. The Non-RT RIC 115 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 125. The Near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 125.
[0044] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 125, the Non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 125 and may be received at the SMO Framework 105 or the Non-RT RIC 115 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 115 or the Near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 105 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies) .
[0045] At least one of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 may be referred to as a base station 102. Accordingly, a base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 (each component indicated with dotted lines to signify that each component may or may not be included in the base station 102) . The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for a UE 104. The base station 102 may include macrocells (high power cellular base station) and / or small cells (low power cellular base station) . The small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells. A network that includes both small cell and macrocells may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs) , which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG) . The communication links between the RUs 140 and the UEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to an RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from an RU 140 to a UE 104. The communication links may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication links may be through one or more carriers. The base station 102 / UEs 104 may use spectrum up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, etc. MHz) bandwidth per carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) used for transmission in each direction. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL) . The component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. A primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell) .
[0046] Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use the DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH) , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communications systems, such as for example, BluetoothTM (Bluetooth is a trademark of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) ) , Wi-FiTM (Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance) based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.
[0047] The wireless communications system may further include a Wi-Fi AP 150 in communication with UEs 104 (also referred to as Wi-Fi stations (STAs) ) via communication link 154, e.g., in a 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum or the like. When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the UEs 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.
[0048] The electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided, based on frequency / wavelength, into various classes, bands, channels, etc. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz –300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.
[0049] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified an operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) . Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 and / or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , FR4 (71 GHz –114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.
[0050] With the above aspects in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “millimeter wave” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.
[0051] The base station 102 and the UE 104 may each include a plurality of antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays to facilitate beamforming. The base station 102 may transmit a beamformed signal 182 to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 102 in one or more receive directions. The UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal 184 to the base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. The base station 102 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions. The base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of the base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions for the base station 102 may or may not be the same. The transmit and receive directions for the UE 104 may or may not be the same.
[0052] The base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, Node B, eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS) , an extended service set (ESS) , a TRP, network node, network entity, network equipment, or some other suitable terminology. The base station 102 can be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, an aggregated (monolithic) base station with a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and an RU, or as a disaggregated base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and / or an RU. The set of base stations, which may include disaggregated base stations and / or aggregated base stations, may be referred to as next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN) .
[0053] The core network 120 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 161, a Session Management Function (SMF) 162, a User Plane Function (UPF) 163, a Unified Data Management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. The AMF 161 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the core network 120. The AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. The SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. The UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. The UDM 164 supports the generation of authentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, user identification handling, access authorization, and subscription management. The one or more location servers 168 are illustrated as including a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 165 and a Location Management Function (LMF) 166. However, generally, the one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, the LMF 166, a position determination entity (PDE) , a serving mobile location center (SMLC) , a mobile positioning center (MPC) , or the like. The GMLC 165 and the LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) for accessing UE positioning information. The LMF 166 receives measurements and assistance information from the NG-RAN and the UE 104 via the AMF 161 to compute the position of the UE 104. The NG-RAN may utilize one or more positioning methods in order to determine the position of the UE 104. Positioning the UE 104 may involve signal measurements, a position estimate, and an optional velocity computation based on the measurements. The signal measurements may be made by the UE 104 and / or the base station 102 serving the UE 104. The signals measured may be based on one or more of a satellite positioning system (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) , global position system (GPS) , non-terrestrial network (NTN) , or other satellite position / location system) , LTE signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS) , sensor-based information (e.g., barometric pressure sensor, motion sensor) , NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) methods, NR signals (e.g., multi-round trip time (Multi-RTT) , DL angle-of-departure (DL-AoD) , DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA) , UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA) , and UL angle-of-arrival (UL-AoA) positioning) , and / or other systems / signals / sensors.
[0054] Examples of UEs 104 include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player) , a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, or any other similar functioning device. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meter, gas pump, toaster, vehicles, heart monitor, etc. ) . The UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also apply to one or more companion devices such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may collectively access the network and / or individually access the network.
[0055] Referring again to FIG. 1, in certain aspects, the UE 104 may have a map data processing component 198 that may be configured to partition a map data buffer into a set of map data buffers based on map object types, where the map data buffer includes map data, and where a size of each of the set of map data buffers is less than a size of the map data buffer; process, in response to a request, a subset of map data buffers in the set of map data buffers with at least one processor simultaneously, where the processing of the subset of map data buffers is prioritized over a set of backend tasks, where the set of backend tasks includes at least one of map data downloading, map data buffering, or map data buffer partitioning; and process the set of backend tasks based on the at least one processor being in an idle state or the processing of the subset of map data buffers being completed or idle. In certain aspects, the base station 102 or the one or more location servers 168 may have a map data update component 199 that may be configured to provide map data to the UE 104.
[0056] FIG. 2A is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. FIG. 2B is a diagram 230 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. FIG. 2C is a diagram 250 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. FIG. 2D is a diagram 280 illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplexed (FDD) in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) , subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL, or may be time division duplexed (TDD) in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) , subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL. In the examples provided by FIGs. 2A, 2C, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, with subframe 4 being configured with slot format 28 (with mostly DL) , where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible for use between DL / UL, and subframe 3 being configured with slot format 1 (with all UL) . While subframes 3, 4 are shown with slot formats 1, 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0, 1 are all DL, UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. UEs are configured with the slot format (dynamically through DL control information (DCI) , or semi-statically / statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling) through a received slot format indicator (SFI) . Note that the description infra applies also to a 5G NR frame structure that is TDD.
[0057] FIGs. 2A-2D illustrate a frame structure, and the aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other wireless communication technologies, which may have a different frame structure and / or different channels. A frame (10 ms) may be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1 ms) . Each subframe may include one or more time slots. Subframes may also include mini-slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For normal CP, each slot may include 14 symbols, and for extended CP, each slot may include 12 symbols. The symbols on DL may be CP orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbols. The symbols on UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (for power limited scenarios; limited to a single stream transmission) . The number of slots within a subframe is based on the CP and the numerology. The numerology defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1) . The symbol length / duration may scale with 1 / SCS.
[0058] Table 1: Numerology, SCS, and CP
[0059] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot) , different numerologies μ 0 to 4 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots, respectively, per subframe. For extended CP, the numerology 2 allows for 4 slots per subframe. Accordingly, for normal CP and numerology μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2μ slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2μ*15 kHz, where μ is the numerology 0 to 4. As such, the numerology μ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz and the numerology μ=4 has a subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIGs. 2A-2D provide an example of normal CP with 14 symbols per slot and numerology μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. Within a set of frames, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) (see FIG. 2B) that are frequency division multiplexed. Each BWP may have a particular numerology and CP (normal or extended) .
[0060] A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs) ) that extends 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) . The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.
[0061] As illustrated in FIG. 2A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE.The RS may include demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS) , beam refinement RS (BRRS) , and phase tracking RS (PT-RS) .
[0062] FIG. 2B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs) , each CCE including six RE groups (REGs) , each REG including 12 consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol of an RB. A PDCCH within one BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET) . A UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., common search space, UE-specific search space) during PDCCH monitoring occasions on the CORESET, where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at greater and / or lower frequencies across the channel bandwidth. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and a physical layer identity. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) . Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , which carries a master information block (MIB) , may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as SS block (SSB) ) . The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN) . The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs) , and paging messages.
[0063] As illustrated in FIG. 2C, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit DM-RS for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) . The PUSCH DM-RS may be transmitted in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DM-RS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. The UE may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS) . The SRS may be transmitted in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.
[0064] FIG. 2D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI) , such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACK and / or negative ACK (NACK) ) . The PUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR) , a power headroom report (PHR) , and / or UCI.
[0065] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a base station 310 in communication with a UE 350 in an access network. In the DL, Internet protocol (IP) packets may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) , RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release) , inter radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification) , and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs) , error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs) , re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs) , demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
[0066] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation / demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) , quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) , M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK) , M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) ) . The coded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate may be derived from a reference signal and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
[0067] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they may be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) . The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.
[0068] The controller / processor 359 can be associated with at least one memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The at least one memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.
[0069] Similar to the functionality described in connection with the DL transmission by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification) ; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
[0070] Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 358 from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antenna 352 via separate transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
[0071] The UL transmission is processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to a RX processor 370.
[0072] The controller / processor 375 can be associated with at least one memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The at least one memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.
[0073] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform aspects in connection with the map data processing component 198 of FIG. 1.
[0074] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform aspects in connection with the map data update component 199 of FIG. 1.
[0075] FIG. 4 is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of a UE positioning based on reference signal measurements (which may also be referred to as “network-based positioning” ) in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 404 may transmit UL SRS 412 at time TSRS_TX and receive DL positioning reference signals (PRS) (DL PRS) 410 at time TPRS_RX. The TRP 406 may receive the UL SRS 412 at time TSRS_RX and transmit the DL PRS 410 at time TPRS_TX. The UE 404 may receive the DL PRS 410 before transmitting the UL SRS 412, or may transmit the UL SRS 412 before receiving the DL PRS 410. In both cases, a positioning server (e.g., location server (s) 168) or the UE 404 may determine the RTT 414 based on ||TSRS_RX –TPRS_TX| –|TSRS_TX –TPRS_RX||. Accordingly, multi-RTT positioning may make use of the UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements (i.e., |TSRS_TX –TPRS_RX|) and DL PRS reference signal received power (RSRP) (DL PRS-RSRP) of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 and measured by the UE 404, and the measured TRP Rx-Tx time difference measurements (i.e., |TSRS_RX –TPRS_TX|) and UL SRS-RSRP at multiple TRPs 402, 406 of uplink signals transmitted from UE 404. The UE 404 measures the UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements (and / or DL PRS-RSRP of the received signals) using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the TRPs 402, 406 measure the gNB Rx-Tx time difference measurements (and / or UL SRS-RSRP of the received signals) using assistance data received from the positioning server. The measurements may be used at the positioning server or the UE 404 to determine the RTT, which is used to estimate the location of the UE 404. Other methods are possible for determining the RTT, such as for example using DL-TDOA and / or UL-TDOA measurements.
[0076] PRSs may be defined for network-based positioning (e.g., NR positioning) to enable UEs to detect and measure more neighbor transmission and reception points (TRPs) , where multiple configurations are supported to enable a variety of deployments (e.g., indoor, outdoor, sub-6, mmW, etc. ) . To support PRS beam operation, beam sweeping may also be configured for PRS. The UL positioning reference signal may be based on sounding reference signals (SRSs) with enhancements / adjustments for positioning purposes. In some examples, UL-PRS may be referred to as “SRS for positioning, ” and a new Information Element (IE) may be configured for SRS for positioning in RRC signaling.
[0077] DL PRS-RSRP may be defined as the linear average over the power contributions (in [W]) of the resource elements of the antenna port (s) that carry DL PRS reference signals configured for RSRP measurements within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth. In some examples, for FR1, the reference point for the DL PRS-RSRP may be the antenna connector of the UE. For FR2, DL PRS-RSRP may be measured based on the combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. For FR1 and FR2, if receiver diversity is in use by the UE, the reported DL PRS-RSRP value may not be lower than the corresponding DL PRS-RSRP of any of the individual receiver branches. Similarly, UL SRS-RSRP may be defined as linear average of the power contributions (in [W] ) of the resource elements carrying sounding reference signals (SRS) . UL SRS-RSRP may be measured over the configured resource elements within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth in the configured measurement time occasions. In some examples, for FR1, the reference point for the UL SRS-RSRP may be the antenna connector of the base station (e.g., gNB) . For FR2, UL SRS-RSRP may be measured based on the combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. For FR1 and FR2, if receiver diversity is in use by the base station, the reported UL SRS-RSRP value may not be lower than the corresponding UL SRS-RSRP of any of the individual receiver branches.
[0078] PRS-path RSRP (PRS-RSRPP) may be defined as the power of the linear average of the channel response at the i-th path delay of the resource elements that carry DL PRS signal configured for the measurement, where DL PRS-RSRPP for the 1st path delay is the power contribution corresponding to the first detected path in time. In some examples, PRS path Phase measurement may refer to the phase associated with an i-th path of the channel derived using a PRS resource.
[0079] DL-AoD positioning may make use of the measured DL PRS-RSRP of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 at the UE 404. The UE 404 measures the DL PRS-RSRP of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with the azimuth angle of departure (A-AoD) , the zenith angle of departure (Z-AoD) , and other configuration information to locate the UE 404 in relation to the neighboring TRPs 402, 406.
[0080] DL-TDOA positioning may make use of the DL reference signal time difference (RSTD) (and / or DL PRS-RSRP) of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 at the UE 404. The UE 404 measures the DL RSTD (and / or DL PRS-RSRP) of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to locate the UE 404 in relation to the neighboring TRPs 402, 406.
[0081] UL-TDOA positioning may make use of the UL relative time of arrival (RTOA) (and / or UL SRS-RSRP) at multiple TRPs 402, 406 of uplink signals transmitted from UE 404. The TRPs 402, 406 measure the UL-RTOA (and / or UL SRS-RSRP) of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the location of the UE 404.
[0082] UL-AoA positioning may make use of the measured azimuth angle of arrival (A-AoA) and zenith angle of arrival (Z-AoA) at multiple TRPs 402, 406 of uplink signals transmitted from the UE 404. The TRPs 402, 406 measure the A-AoA and the Z-AoA of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the location of the UE 404. For purposes of the present disclosure, a positioning operation in which measurements are provided by a UE to a base station / positioning entity / server to be used in the computation of the UE’s position may be described as “UE-assisted, ” “UE-assisted positioning, ” and / or “UE-assisted position calculation, ” while a positioning operation in which a UE measures and computes its own position may be described as “UE-based, ” “UE-based positioning, ” and / or “UE-based position calculation. ”
[0083] Additional positioning methods may be used for estimating the location of the UE 404, such as for example, UE-side UL-AoD and / or DL-AoA. Note that data / measurements from various technologies may be combined in various ways to increase accuracy, to determine and / or to enhance certainty, to supplement / complement measurements, and / or to substitute / provide for missing information.
[0084] Note that the terms “positioning reference signal” and “PRS” generally refer to specific reference signals that are used for positioning in NR and LTE systems. However, as used herein, the terms “positioning reference signal” and “PRS” may also refer to any type of reference signal that can be used for positioning, such as but not limited to, PRS as defined in LTE and NR, TRS, PTRS, CRS, CSI-RS, DMRS, PSS, SSS, SSB, SRS, UL-PRS, etc. In addition, the terms “positioning reference signal” and “PRS” may refer to downlink or uplink positioning reference signals, unless otherwise indicated by the context. To further distinguish the type of PRS, a downlink positioning reference signal may be referred to as a “DL PRS, ” and an uplink positioning reference signal (e.g., an SRS-for-positioning, PTRS) may be referred to as an “UL-PRS. ” In addition, for signals that may be transmitted in both the uplink and downlink (e.g., DMRS, PTRS) , the signals may be prepended with “UL” or “DL” to distinguish the direction. For example, “UL-DMRS” may be differentiated from “DL-DMRS. ” In addition, the term “location” and “position” may be used interchangeably throughout the specification, which may refer to a particular geographical or a relative place.
[0085] In addition to Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) -based positioning (e.g., positioning based on reception of signals from satellites) and network-based positioning (e.g., as described in connection with FIG. 4) , camera-based positioning has also been developed to provide alternative / additional positioning mechanisms / modes. Camera-based positioning, which may also be referred to as “camera-based visual positioning, ” “visual positioning” and / or “vision-based positioning, ” is a positioning mechanism / mode that uses images captured by at least one camera to determine the location of a target (e.g., a UE or a transportation that is equipped with the at least one camera, an object that is in view of the at least one camera, etc. ) . For example, images captured by the dashboard camera (dash cam) of a vehicle may be used for calculating the three-dimensional (3D) position and / or 3D orientation of the vehicle while the vehicle is moving. Similarly, images captured by the camera of a mobile device may be used for estimating the location of the mobile device user or the location of one or more objects in the images. In another example, a camera (or a UE equipped with the camera) may determine its position by matching object (s) in images captured by the camera with object (s) in a map (e.g., a high-definition (HD) map) , such as specified buildings, landmarks, etc. In some implementations, camera-based positioning may provide centimeter-level and 6-degrees-of-freedom (6DOF) positioning. 6DOF may refer to a representation of how an object moves through 3D space by either translating linearly or rotating axially (e.g., 6DOF = 3D position + 3D attitude) . For example, a single-degree-of-freedom on an object may be controlled by the up / down, forward / back, left / right, pitch, roll, or yaw. Camera-based positioning has great potential for various applications, especially in satellite signal (e.g., GNSS / GPS signal) degenerated / unavailable environments.
[0086] In some scenarios, images captured by a camera may also be used for improving the accuracy / reliability of other positioning mechanisms / modes (e.g., the GNSS-based positioning, the network-based positioning, etc. ) , which may be referred to as “vision-aided positioning, ” “camera-aided positioning, ” “camera-aided location, ” and / or “camera-aided perception, ” etc. For example, while GNSS and / or inertial measurement unit (IMU) may provide good positioning / localization performance, when GNSS measurement outage occurs, the overall positioning performance might degrade due to IMU bias drifting. Thus, images captured by the camera may provide valuable information to reduce errors. For purposes of the present disclosure, a positioning session (e.g., a period of time in which one or more entities are configured to determine the position of a UE) that is associated with camera-based positioning or camera-aided positioning may be referred to as a camera-based positioning session or a camera-aided positioning session. In some examples, the camera-based positioning and / or the camera-aided positioning may be associated with an absolute position of the UE, a relative position of the UE, an orientation of the UE, or a combination thereof.
[0087] FIG. 5 is a diagram 500 illustrating an example of camera-aided positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. A vehicle 502 may be equipped with a GNSS system and a set of cameras, which may include a front camera 504 (for capturing the front view of the vehicle 502) , side cameras 506 (for capturing the side views of the vehicle 502) , and / or a rear camera 508 (for capturing the front view of the vehicle 502) , etc. In some examples, the GNSS system may further include or be associated with at least one IMU (e.g., a GNSS+IMU system) . While FIG. 5 uses the vehicle 502 as an example, it is merely for illustration purposes. Aspects presented herein may also apply to other types of transportations (e.g., motorcycles, bicycles, buses, trains, etc. ) , devices (e.g., UEs on pedestrians) , and / or positioning mechanisms / modes (e.g., network-based positioning described in connection with FIG. 4) . In addition, for purposes of the present disclosure, a positioning mechanism / mode (e.g., GNSS-based positioning, network-based positioning, etc. ) that uses at least one sensor (e.g., an IMU, a camera) to assist the positioning may be referred to as “sensor fusion positioning” and / or “sensor-aided positioning. ” For purposes of the present disclosure and at least in the context of positioning and / or automotive, a sensor may refer to any type of devices that is capable of measuring a physical property of an object, such as the presence, the distance, the orientation, and / or the velocity of the object, etc. Example sensors may include cameras, radars, RF radars, a light detection and ranging (Lidar) sensors, ultrawideband (UWB) sensors, IMUs, etc. ) . ”
[0088] The GNSS system may estimate the location of the vehicle 502 based on receiving GNSS signals transmitted from multiple satellites (e.g., based on performing GNSS-based positioning) . However, when the GNSS signals are not available or weak, such as when the vehicle 502 is in an urban area or in a tunnel, the estimated location of the vehicle 502 may become inaccurate. Thus, in some implementations, the set of cameras on the vehicle 502 may be used for assisting the positioning, such as for verifying whether the location estimated by the GNSS system based on the GNSS signals is accurate. For example, as shown at 510, images captured by the front camera 504 of the vehicle 502 may include / identify a specific building 512 (which may also be referred to as a feature) that is with a known location, and the vehicle 502 (or the GNSS system or a positioning engine associated with the vehicle 502) may determine / verify whether the location (e.g., the longitude and latitude coordinates) estimated by the GNSS system is in proximity to the known location of this specific building 512. Thus, with the assistance of the camera (s) , the accuracy and reliability of the GNSS-based positioning may be further improved. For purposes of the present disclosure, a GNSS system that is associated with a camera (e.g., capable of performing camera-aided / based positioning) may be referred to as a “GNSS+camera system, ” or a “GNSS+IMU+camera system” (if the GNSS system is also associated with / includes at least one IMU) .
[0089] In recent years, vehicle manufacturers have been developing vehicles with assisted driving and / or autonomous driving capabilities. Assisted driving, which may also be called advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) , may refer to a set of technologies designed to enhance vehicle safety and improve the driving experience by providing assistance and automation to the driver. These technologies may use various sensor (s) , camera (s) , and other components to monitor a vehicle’s surroundings and assist the driver of the vehicle with certain driving tasks. For example, some features of assisted driving systems may include: (1) adaptive cruise control (ACC) (e.g., a system that automatically adjusts a vehicle’s speed to maintain a safe following distance from the vehicle ahead) , (2) lane-keeping assist (LKA) (e.g., a system that uses cameras to detect lane markings and helps keep the vehicle centered within the lane, and provides steering inputs to prevent unintentional lane departure) , (3) , autonomous emergency braking (AEB) (e.g., a system that detects potential collisions with obstacles or pedestrians and automatically apply the brakes to avoid or mitigate the impact) , (4) blind spot monitoring (BSM) (e.g., a system that uses sensors to detect vehicles in a driver’s blind spots and provides visual or audible alerts to avoid potential collisions during lane changes) , (5) parking assistance (e.g., a system that assists drivers in parking their vehicles by using camera (s) and sensor (s) to help with parallel parking or maneuvering into tight spaces) , and / or traffic sign recognition (e.g., camera (s) and image processing are used to recognize and display traffic signs such as speed limits, stop signs, and other road regulations on the vehicle’s dashboard) .
[0090] Autonomous driving, which may also be called as self-driving or driverless technology, may refer to the ability of a vehicle to navigate and operate itself without specifying human intervention (e.g., without a human controlling the vehicle) . The goal of the autonomous driving is to create vehicles that are capable of perceiving their surroundings, making decisions, and controlling their movements, all without the direct involvement of a human driver. To achieve or improve the autonomous driving, a vehicle may be specified to use a map (or map data) with detailed information, such as a high-definition (HD) map. An HD map may refer to a highly detailed and accurate digital map designed for use in autonomous driving and ADAS. In one example, HD maps may typically include one or more of: (1) geometric information (e.g., precise road geometry, including lane boundaries, curvature, slopes, and detailed 3D models of the surrounding environment) , (2) lane-level information (e.g., information about individual lanes on the road, such as lane width, lane type (e.g., driving, turning, or parking lanes) , and lane connectivity) , (3) road attributes (e.g., data on road features like traffic signs, signals, traffic lights, speed limits, and road markings) , (4) topology (e.g., information about the relationships between different roads, intersections, and connectivity patterns) , (5) static objects (e.g., locations and details of fixed objects along the road, such as buildings, traffic barriers, and poles) , (6) dynamic objects (e.g., real-time or frequently updated data about moving objects, like other vehicles, pedestrians, and cyclists) , and / or (7) localization and positioning: precise reference points and landmarks that help in accurate vehicle localization on the map, etc.
[0091] As described above, some applications (e.g., use cases) such as sensor-aided positioning, navigation, and / or autonomous driving, etc., may specify the use of map data (e.g., HD map / map data) . To keep the map data up-to-date, these applications (or devices running these applications) may be configured to download updated map data from a server from time to time or based on certain pre-defined conditions (e.g., when travelling to an area where map data of the area has not been downloaded or has expired) . In some implementations, downloading map data from a server may be referred to as “map over the air” (MOTA) .
[0092] FIG. 6 is a diagram 600 illustrating an example of a vehicle performing map over the air in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In one example, map over the air may refer to a process of a server 604 sending real-time map data 606 to a UE 602 (e.g., a vehicle, an on-board unit (OBU) of the vehicle, an ADAS of the vehicle, a device running a navigation application, etc. ) over a wireless network / communication (e.g., an LTE network, a 5G network, etc. ) , enabling the UE 602 to make decisions based on the latest information about the road and traffic conditions, such as described in connection with FIG. 5. In a typical implementation, the map data 606 is generated / updated and transmitted from the server 604 (e.g., a cloud-based system) to the UE 602 (e.g., via an Ethernet connection) . For example, the server 604 may utilize sensors and other data sources to collect and analyze information about the road network and traffic patterns. This data is then processed and combined with other data, such as GPS / GNSS and / or camera data from multiple users (e.g., from other UEs / vehicles and / or the UE 602) to create a detailed map of the environment in real-time. Then, an application (e.g., for autonomous driving, navigation, positioning, etc. ) of the UE 602 may access the map data 606 over a wireless network (e.g., a cellular or satellite network) , and use the map data 606 to make decisions about speed, route, and other factors, etc. For example, the UE 602 may use the map data 606 to avoid road construction, traffic congestion, or accidents, and to optimize its route for efficiency and safety, etc. Depending on the implementations, the map data 606 may be configured to be a delta map data, where the UE 602 may download just the differences between its current map data and the map data on the server 604 to reduce the signaling / transmission overhead.
[0093] As discussed above, HD maps are high-definition maps that are capable of providing detailed and accurate map information about road environments, such as roads, lanes, lane markers, traffic signs, roadside barriers, etc. In most ADAS systems or autonomous driving systems, HD maps may be specified (e.g., important to enable and enhance features and functions like localization and path planning. For example, a map provider (e.g., the server 604) may generate and send HD map data to a vehicle (e.g., the UE 602) . Then, on the vehicle side, an ADAS system may process the received HD map data and reconstructed into an internal map format.
[0094] However, due to high accuracy of HD maps (e.g., the accuracy of HD map may be configured / defined at a centimeter level) , on the vehicle side, the vehicle may be configured to handle and process a significant amount of HD map objects during runtime. For example, the vehicle may be configured to obtain a set of road objects (e.g., street signs, current road information, nearby routes, etc. ) from an HD map based on its current location. In typical implementations, the vehicle may be configured to keep and maintain a giant map data buffer in its memory for map data storage and update. For purposes of the present disclosure, a buffer may refer to a section of a computer memory (or a set of computer memories) for temporarily storing information / data. Then, the vehicle (or various modules / systems / applications associated with vehicle) may frequently perform / request data searching from this giant map data buffer, which may be computationally intensive. As such, the map data processing may be time-consuming and may specify high-performance hardware and / or software. For example, if the vehicle or an application is configured to find a specific map object from a local map data buffer, the vehicle / application may search the specific map object from a local map data buffer which may own hundreds of thousands of map objects. As such, in some scenarios, the performance improvement of HD map processing may be a challenge and bottleneck in an ADAS / autonomous driving system.
[0095] FIG. 7 is a diagram 700 illustrating an example of tasks performed by an application / system for using map data (e.g., HD map data) in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In some implementations, to use HD maps, an application / system (e.g., the UE 602, an ADAS system, an autonomous driving system, etc. ) may be configured to perform three main tasks: (1) map data storage, (2) map data update, and (3) map information retrieval. As shown at 708, the map data storage task may involve an HD map data handler module 704 allocating and maintaining a map data buffer 702 to store map data with a defined size / distance (e.g., X kilometers / miles ahead of the current position of the vehicle) . Then, as the vehicle keeps moving forward, the vehicle may be specified to update its map data buffer according to its new / current position (e.g., referring to the map data update task) . As shown at 710, for the map information retrieval task, a localization module 706 may be configured to extract relevant information from the map data buffer 702 for a certain distance ahead of its current position.
[0096] A typical way to handle the map data in ADAS / autonomous systems may be sequential and single-processed or single-threaded. For example, when an application / system receives a request to locate a set of objects in an HP map, the application / system may search for the set of objects in the HD map based on a sequential order (e.g., search for a first object, then a second object, then a third object, etc. ) , and also process each object in the set of objects sequentially (e.g., process the first object first, then the second object, then the third object, etc. ) . Such mechanism may not be suitable for HD map data processing based on the large number of objects presented in a typical HD map, which may be time-consuming, computation intensive, and may also specify higher processing capabilities.
[0097] Aspects presented herein may improve the overall performance for applications specifying map data (e.g., HD map data) , such as ADAS systems, autonomous driving systems, navigation systems, etc. For example, aspects presented herein may enable an application / system to divide a task into multiple sub-tasks and scheduling tasks from the application / system may be executed by a multi-processor core system, thereby improving processor (e.g., central processing unit (CPU) ) utilization and performance of the application / system. In addition, a hierarchy of a task group may be established based on both multi-processor core number and map data handling task numbers.
[0098] FIG. 8 is a diagram 800 illustrating an example processing of map data in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. An N processor system 802 (e.g., a four processor system, a sixteen processor system, a thirty-two processor system, etc. ) used by a UE (e.g., the UE 602) may have N cores (e.g., core 1, core 2…core N, etc. ) . A scheduler (e.g., a module, a function, an entity, etc. ) may be configured to handle multiple tasks simultaneously, where each task may be assigned with a task ID or a task “tag” that corresponds to different functionality (and may be maintained in a task group) . As such, each task may be responsible for just one specific task and multiple / all tasks may work in parallel (e.g., simultaneously) .
[0099] In addition, a hierarchy of a task group may be established based on both the number of cores for the multi-processor (e.g., N) and the number of map handling tasks (e.g., which may depend on the minimum number of cores and tasks) . Thus, multiple threads based on map handling tasks may be created, where each of the worker threads (e.g., data update, map information retrieve, etc. ) may be associated with a processor core in the multi-processor system. For example, a task group 804 may be established to create and handle up to N threads, which correspond to the N cores of the N processor system 802. As such, each thread may be handled by a core. For example, thread 1 may be handled by core 1, thread 2 may be handled by core 2, and thread N may be handled by core N, etc.
[0100] FIG. 9 is a diagram 900 illustrating an example of data partitioning associated with the HD map processing in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. For purposes of the present disclosure, applications / systems that are specified to use (e.g., access, retrieve, and / or process, etc. ) HD map data, such as an ADAS system, an autonomous driving system, or a navigation system, etc., may collectively be referred to as a user equipment (UE) hereafter. In addition, the UE may be configured to run the HD map data processing algorithm described herein. While examples below are illustrated with HD map data, aspects described herein may also apply to other types of map data (e.g., non-HD map data) .
[0101] In one aspect, a UE (e.g., the UE 602 or a map data processing algorithm running on the UE) may be configured to divide a single HD map data buffer (e.g., the single HD map data buffer 702 discussed in connection with FIG. 7) into smaller (and multiple) map data buffers according to a set of (defined) map object types. In other words, instead of keeping the whole HD map data in a single map data buffer as the typical way, when handling the incoming map data, the UE may be configured to classify the map data and distribute the map data to different small data buffers. For example, the UE may be configured to divide the HD map data buffer spatially into smaller / multiple segments or chunks based on types of map objects (which may be referred to as “map object type buffer (s) ” hereafter) . Examples of the map object types may include a lane, a lane marker, a roadside barrier, a traffic sign, a traffic light, and / or a vertical pole, etc. For example, as shown at 902, the first object type buffer may be the lane buffer, the second object type buffer may be the lane marker buffer, the third object type buffer may be the road side barrier buffer, and the Nth object type buffer may be the traffic sign / traffic line buffer, etc.
[0102] FIG. 10 is a diagram 1000 illustrating an example of task assignment associated with the HD map processing in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. After the single map data buffer is divided into multiple / smaller map data buffers, the UE (or the map data processing algorithm) may be configured to process different tasks based on their associated priorities, where tasks with higher urgency (e.g., tasks specifying lower latency or real-time processing) may be assigned with a higher priority, whereas tasks with lower urgency may be assigned with a lower priority compared to the tasks with the higher urgency.
[0103] For example, in one implementation, based on the priority / urgency, there may be at least two kinds of tasks with different priorities, where the first kind of tasks may be referred to as “frontend task (s) or “real-time task (s) ” for purposes of the present disclosure as they may have higher urgency and priority, and the second kind of tasks may be referred to as “backend task (s) ” as they may have lower urgency and priority compared to the frontend / real-time task (s) . For example, data retrieval processes may be urgent and classified / identified as frontend / real-time task (s) , while incoming data handling / distribution may be less urgent and classified / identified as backend task (s) or non-real-time / non-frontend tasks.
[0104] As an illustration, as shown at 1002, a backend task (e.g., a thread with a lower priority) may be created / configured for the incoming map data handling. The backend task may be associated with (e.g., own) a map data buffer (which may be referred to as a “temporary map buffer” for purposes of illustration) that stores the incoming map data (e.g., HD map data from a server) temporarily. The backend task may also be responsible for retrieving incoming map data from the temporary map buffer, and distribute the map data to partitioned buffers according to the object / data types, such as described in connection with FIG. 9.
[0105] As shown at 1004, based on the object type buffers or the buffer number associated with the object type buffers (e.g., 1, 2, 3, …, N, etc. ) , the UE may be configured to create corresponding processing tasks to process map objects of different object / data types. Tasks here may also be configured to be parallel processing tasks, where they may run in parallel (e.g., simultaneously or at least partially overlapping in time) without conflicting with each other (without specifying using the same processing core / resource at the same time) .
[0106] Depending on implementations, a relationship and / or influence may be configured / defined between the backend task (s) and the frontend task (s) . As shown at 1006, frontend tasks (e.g., task 1 to task N) may be configured to have (e.g., assigned with) the same priority and they may not have any conflicts with each other. As such, the frontend task (s) may be processed by the processor simultaneously (e.g., each processor core may be configured to process one frontend task) . As the frontend tasks also have a higher priority compared to backend task (s) , when the backend task (s) are specified (e.g., or determine) to retrieve the map data from the temporary data buffer and distribute map data to the corresponding object type data buffers, the backend task (s) may be configured to guarantee that the corresponding task or the frontend / real-time task (s) is idle (e.g., there are at least certain available processing core (s) / resources, or when there are no frontend / real-time task (s) , etc. ) . On the other hand, when a frontend task (or a task with a higher priority) tries to retrieve data from the corresponding data buffer while the backend task (s) (with a lower priority) is working (e.g., retrieving and distributing data to the corresponding data buffer) , the backend task (s) may be interrupted (e.g., halted) and switch to an idle state (e.g., not using processing core (s) / resource (s) ) . After the frontend task (s) completes / finishes its retrieval job, the backend task may continue / resume its job from the breakpoint.
[0107] FIG. 11 is a diagram 1100 illustrating an example process of the backend task (s) associated with the HD map processing in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As the UE (e.g., the UE 602, the vehicle associated with the UE, etc. ) keeps moving forward, the UE may be specified to update its map data buffer according to its new / current position. Thus, the UE may continue to store the incoming map data downloaded from a cloud server side (e.g., as shown by FIGs. 6 and 10) in the temporary data buffer. Then, the backend task (s) may retrieve the map data from the temporary data buffer and distributes them to the corresponding object type-based data buffers (e.g., if there are enough / sufficient map data buffered for distribution or if the temporary data buffer is not empty, etc. ) .
[0108] For example, at 1102, the UE (e.g., the UE 602) may start / initiate a backend task (e.g., a task related to incoming data handling) , such as after the UE is specified to update the map data after travelling to a new area.
[0109] At 1104, after the backend task starts, the UE may verify whether there is sufficient / enough map data buffered for distribution. For example, if the UE hasn’ t finished / completed retrieving / downloading the map data from the server, there may not be sufficient map data buffered for distribution. If there is not sufficient / enough map data buffered for distribution, the UE may continue to monitor whether there is sufficient / enough map data buffered for distribution (e.g., repeating the step 1104 or returning to step 1102 depending on the implementations) .
[0110] At 1106, if there is sufficient / enough map data buffered for distribution, the UE may check whether there are any task (s) with higher priority running, such as frontend / real-time task (s) (e.g., data retrieval task (s) such as handling, searching, and / or retrieving request (s) from other modules / applications) . If there are task (s) with higher priority running, the UE may continue to monitor whether there are any task (s) with higher priority running (e.g., repeating the step 1106 or returning to step 1102 depending on the implementations) .
[0111] At 1108, if there are no task (s) with higher priority running (or if a threshold amount of processing resource (s) / core (s) are available) , the UE may retrieve map data from the temporary buffer (using the available processing resource (s) / core (s) ) , such as described in connection with 1002 of FIG. 10. Then, as shown at 1110, the UE may distribute the map data from the temporary buffer to corresponding object type buffers, such as described in connection with 1004 of FIG. 10. After the UE completes the distribution of the map data, the UE may repeat and continue this process (e.g., repeating the processes starting from 1104 or 1102 depending on the implementations) .
[0112] FIG. 12 is a diagram 1200 illustrating an example of frontend / real-time task (s) associated with the HD map processing in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In one example, the frontend task (s) may be a set of tasks that are configured to wait / monitor for the search / retrieve request (s) from other module (s) / application (s) , such as module (s) / application (s) that specify locating specific object (s) in the map data (e.g., lanes, street signs, etc. ) , which may collectively be referred to as “localization module (s) . ” In other words, the frontend task (s) or the localization module (s) may be configured to find map object (s) from the corresponding map data buffer. For example, as shown at 1202, a location module may initiate / request N object types to be searched. As shown at 1204, the frontend tasks may be assigned / configured to search objects related to the search request. Then, as shown at 1206, after the requested object types are found, the search result (s) may be reported back to the localization module.
[0113] FIG. 13 is a diagram 1300 illustrating an example process of the frontend / real-time task (s) associated with the HD map processing in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. At 1302, the UE (e.g., the UE 602) may start / initiate a front task (e.g., a task related to map object search / request) , such as after a localization module sends a request to search for a set of map objects as described in connection with FIG. 12.
[0114] At 1304, after the frontend task starts, the UE may monitor for whether there are any search request (s) , such as from other modules. For example, the UE may monitor whether there are any search request (s) from a localization module that is related to searching objects in the map data as described in connection with FIG. 12. If there are not search request (s) , the UE may continue to monitor whether there are any search request (s) (e.g., repeating the step 1304 or returning to step 1302 depending on the implementations) .
[0115] At 1306, if there are search request (s) , the UE may retrieve corresponding data from the map buffer based on the search request (s) . Then, as shown at 1308, the UE may return the search result (s) 1308, such as described in connection with FIG. 12. After the UE completes the requested search, the UE may repeat and continue this process (e.g., repeating the processes starting from 1304 or 1302 depending on the implementations) .
[0116] Aspects presented herein may improve the overall performance for applications specifying map data (e.g., HD map data) . In ADAS, HD map data processing is time-consuming and compute intensive (for example, a local map data buffer that may have thousands of map objects may need to be searched to find a specific object) . Current approaches use a sequential and single-threaded approach to handle map data. Aspects presented herein propose to divide a task into multiple sub-tasks and scheduling tasks from a program are executed by a multi-processor core system, thus improving CPU utilization and performance of the ADAS system. A hierarchy of a task group is established based on both multi-processor core number and HD map handling task numbers.
[0117] FIG. 14 is a flowchart 1400 of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) . The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, 602; the apparatus 1604) . The method may enable the UE (e.g., including an algorithm running on the UE) to divide a task associated with HD map data into multiple sub-tasks and scheduling tasks from the UE may be executed by a multi-processor core system, thereby improving processor (e.g., CPU) utilization and performance of the UE.
[0118] At 1406, the UE may partition a map data buffer into a set of map data buffers based on map object types, where the map data buffer includes map data, and where a size of each of the set of map data buffers is less than a size of the map data buffer, such as described in connection with FIGs. 6 to 13. For example, as discussed in connection with FIG. 9, a UE (e.g., the UE 602 or a map data processing algorithm running on the UE) may be configured to divide a single HD map data buffer (e.g., the single HD map data buffer 702 discussed in connection with FIG. 7) into smaller (and multiple) map data buffers according to a set of (defined) map object types. The partition of the map data buffer may be performed by, e.g., the map data processing component 198, the transceiver (s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624, and / or the application processor (s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16.
[0119] At 1410, the UE may process, in response to a request, a subset of map data buffers in the set of map data buffers with at least one processor simultaneously, where the processing of the subset of map data buffers is prioritized over a set of backend tasks, and the set of backend tasks includes at least one of map data downloading, map data buffering, or map data buffer partitioning, such as described in connection with FIGs. 6 to 13. For example, as discussed in connection with FIG. 10, at 1006, the frontend task (s) may be processed by the processor simultaneously (e.g., each processor core may be configured to process one frontend task) . As the frontend tasks also have a higher priority compared to backend task (s) , when the backend task (s) are specified (e.g., or determine) to retrieve and distribute map data from the temporary data buffer to the corresponding object type data buffer, the backend task (s) may be configured to guarantee that the corresponding task or the frontend / real-time task (s) is idle (e.g., there are available processing core (s) / resources or data is not being retrieved from the data buffer, etc. ) . The processing of the subset of map data buffers may be performed by, e.g., the map data processing component 198, the transceiver (s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624, and / or the application processor (s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16.
[0120] At 1412, the UE may process the set of backend tasks based on the at least one processor being in an idle state or the processing of the subset of map data buffers being completed or idle, such as described in connection with FIGs. 6 to 13. For example, as discussed in connection with FIG. 10, when a frontend task (or a task with a higher priority) tries to retrieve data from the corresponding data buffer while the backend task (s) (with a lower priority) is working (e.g., retrieving and distributing data to the corresponding data buffer) , the backend task (s) may be interrupted (e.g., by the frontend task) and switch to an idle state (e.g., not using processing core (s) / resource (s) ) . After the frontend task (s) completes / finishes its retrieval job, the backend task may continue / resume its job from the breakpoint. The process of the set of backend tasks may be performed by, e.g., the map data processing component 198, the transceiver (s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624, and / or the application processor (s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16.
[0121] In one example, to process the subset of backend tasks, the UE may download second map data, buffer the second map data in at least one memory as a second map data buffer, and partition the second map data buffer into a second set of map data buffers based on the map object types, where a size of each of the second set of map data buffers may be less than a size of the second map data buffer. In some implementations, the UE may determine whether a size of the second map data buffer is sufficient for partitioning, where the partition of the second map data buffer is based on the size of the second map data buffer being sufficient for partitioning. In some implementations, the second map data may be an update or a delta for the map data.
[0122] In another example, the UE may receive the map data from a server, and buffer the map data in at least one memory as the map data buffer, such as described in connection with FIGs. 6 to 13. For example, as discussed in connection with FIG. 10, a backend task (e.g., a thread (s) with a lower priority) may be created / configured for the incoming map data handling. The backend task may be associated with (e.g., own) a map data buffer (which may be referred to as a “temporary map buffer” for purposes of illustration) that stores the incoming map data (e.g., HD map data from a server) temporarily. The backend task may also be responsible for retrieving incoming map data from the temporary map buffer, and distribute the map data to partitioned buffers according to the object / data types. The partition of the map data buffer may be performed by, e.g., the map data processing component 198, the transceiver (s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624, and / or the application processor (s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16.
[0123] In another example, the UE may assign a first processing priority to the processing of the subset of map data buffers and a second processing priority to the processing of the set of backend tasks, where the first processing priority is higher than the second processing priority, such as described in connection with FIGs. 6 to 13. For example, as discussed in connection with FIG. 10, based on the priority / urgency, there may be at least two kinds of tasks with different priorities, where the first kind of tasks may be referred to as “frontend task (s) or “real-time task (s) ” for purposes of the present disclosure as they may have higher urgency and priority, and the second kind of tasks may be referred to as “backend task (s) ” as they may have lower urgency and priority compared to the real-time task (s) . For example, data retrieval processes may be urgent and classified / identified as frontend / real-time task (s) , while incoming data handling / distribution may be less urgent and classified / identified as backend task (s) or non-real-time / non-frontend tasks / processes. The assignment of the first processing priority and the second processing priority may be performed by, e.g., the map data processing component 198, the transceiver (s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624, and / or the application processor (s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16. In some implementations, each of the subset of map data buffers may be assigned a same processing priority.
[0124] In another example, the UE may receive, from an application prior to the processing of the subset of map data buffers, the request, where the request includes an identification or a location of at least one map object in the map data buffer, such as described in connection with FIGs. 6 to 13. For example, as discussed in connection with FIG. 12, as shown at 1202, a location module may initiate / request N object types to be searched. The reception of the request may be performed by, e.g., the map data processing component 198, the transceiver (s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624, and / or the application processor (s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16. In some implementations, the UE may transmit, to the application based on the processing of the subset of map data buffers, an indication of the identification or the location of the at least one map object in the map data buffer, such as described in connection with FIGs. 6 to 13. For example, as discussed in connection with FIG. 12, as shown at 1204, the frontend tasks may be assigned / configured to search objects related to the search request. Then, as shown at 1206, after the requested object types are found, the search result (s) may be reported back to the localization module. The transmission of the indication may be performed by, e.g., the map data processing component 198, the transceiver (s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624, and / or the application processor (s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16.
[0125] In another example, the map object types may include one or more of: a lane, a lane marker, a roadside barrier, a traffic sign, a traffic light, or a vertical pole.
[0126] In another example, the map data is high-definition (HD) map data.
[0127] In another example, the UE is at least one of: an advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) system, an autonomous driving system, a navigation system, a vehicle, or an on-board unit (OBU) of the vehicle.
[0128] In another example, the UE may output an indication of the processed set of backend tasks. In some implementations, to output the indication of the processed set of backend tasks, the UE may transmit the indication of the processed set of backend tasks, or store, in a memory or a cache, the indication of the processed set of backend tasks.
[0129] FIG. 15 is a flowchart 1500 of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) . The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, 602; the apparatus 1604) . The method may enable the UE (e.g., including an algorithm running on the UE) to divide a task associated with HD map data into multiple sub-tasks and scheduling tasks from the UE may be executed by a multi-processor core system, thereby improving processor (e.g., CPU) utilization and performance of the UE.
[0130] At 1506, the UE may partition a map data buffer into a set of map data buffers based on map object types, where the map data buffer includes map data, and where a size of each of the set of map data buffers is less than a size of the map data buffer, such as described in connection with FIGs. 6 to 13. For example, as discussed in connection with FIG. 9, a UE (e.g., the UE 602 or a map data processing algorithm running on the UE) may be configured to divide a single HD map data buffer (e.g., the single HD map data buffer 702 discussed in connection with FIG. 7) into smaller (and multiple) map data buffers according to a set of (defined) map object types. The partition of the map data buffer may be performed by, e.g., the map data processing component 198, the transceiver (s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624, and / or the application processor (s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16.
[0131] At 1510, the UE may process, in response to a request, a subset of map data buffers in the set of map data buffers with at least one processor simultaneously, where the processing of the subset of map data buffers is prioritized over a set of backend tasks, and the set of backend tasks includes at least one of map data downloading, map data buffering, or map data buffer partitioning, such as described in connection with FIGs. 6 to 13. For example, as discussed in connection with FIG. 10, at 1006, the frontend task (s) may be processed by the processor simultaneously (e.g., each processor core may be configured to process one frontend task) . As the frontend tasks also have a higher priority compared to backend task (s) , when the backend task (s) are specified (e.g., or determine) to retrieve and distribute map data from the temporary data buffer to the corresponding object type data buffer, the backend task (s) may be configured to guarantee that the corresponding task or the frontend / real-time task (s) is idle (e.g., there are available processing core (s) / resources or data is not being retrieved from the data buffer, etc. ) . The processing of the subset of map data buffers may be performed by, e.g., the map data processing component 198, the transceiver (s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624, and / or the application processor (s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16.
[0132] At 1512, the UE may process the set of backend tasks based on the at least one processor being in an idle state or the processing of the subset of map data buffers being completed or idle, such as described in connection with FIGs. 6 to 13. For example, as discussed in connection with FIG. 10, when a frontend task (or a task with a higher priority) tries to retrieve data from the corresponding data buffer while the backend task (s) (with a lower priority) is working (e.g., retrieving and distributing data to the corresponding data buffer) , the backend task (s) may be interrupted (e.g., by the frontend task) and switch to an idle state (e.g., not using processing core (s) / resource (s) ) . After the frontend task (s) completes / finishes its retrieval job, the backend task may continue / resume its job from the breakpoint. The process of the set of backend tasks may be performed by, e.g., the map data processing component 198, the transceiver (s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624, and / or the application processor (s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16.
[0133] In one example, to process the subset of backend tasks, the UE may download second map data, buffer the second map data in at least one memory as a second map data buffer, and partition the second map data buffer into a second set of map data buffers based on the map object types, where a size of each of the second set of map data buffers may be less than a size of the second map data buffer. In some implementations, the UE may determine whether a size of the second map data buffer is sufficient for partitioning, where the partition of the second map data buffer is based on the size of the second map data buffer being sufficient for partitioning. In some implementations, the second map data may be an update or a delta for the map data.
[0134] In another example, as shown at 1504, the UE may receive the map data from a server, and buffer the map data in at least one memory as the map data buffer, such as described in connection with FIGs. 6 to 13. For example, as discussed in connection with FIG. 10, a backend task (e.g., a thread (s) with a lower priority) may be created / configured for the incoming map data handling. The backend task may be associated with (e.g., own) a map data buffer (which may be referred to as a “temporary map buffer” for purposes of illustration) that stores the incoming map data (e.g., HD map data from a server) temporarily. The backend task may also be responsible for retrieving incoming map data from the temporary map buffer, and distribute the map data to partitioned buffers according to the object / data types. The partition of the map data buffer may be performed by, e.g., the map data processing component 198, the transceiver (s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624, and / or the application processor (s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16.
[0135] In another example, as shown at 1508, the UE may assign a first processing priority to the processing of the subset of map data buffers and a second processing priority to the processing of the set of backend tasks, where the first processing priority is higher than the second processing priority, such as described in connection with FIGs. 6 to 13. For example, as discussed in connection with FIG. 10, based on the priority / urgency, there may be at least two kinds of tasks with different priorities, where the first kind of tasks may be referred to as “frontend task (s) or “real-time task (s) ” for purposes of the present disclosure as they may have higher urgency and priority, and the second kind of tasks may be referred to as “backend task (s) ” as they may have lower urgency and priority compared to the real-time task (s) . For example, data retrieval processes may be urgent and classified / identified as frontend / real-time task (s) , while incoming data handling / distribution may be less urgent and classified / identified as backend task (s) or non-real-time / non-frontend tasks / processes. The assignment of the first processing priority and the second processing priority may be performed by, e.g., the map data processing component 198, the transceiver (s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624, and / or the application processor (s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16. In some implementations, each of the subset of map data buffers may be assigned a same processing priority.
[0136] In another example, as shown at 1502, the UE may receive, from an application prior to the processing of the subset of map data buffers, the request, where the request includes an identification or a location of at least one map object in the map data buffer, such as described in connection with FIGs. 6 to 13. For example, as discussed in connection with FIG. 12, as shown at 1202, a location module may initiate / request N object types to be searched. The reception of the request may be performed by, e.g., the map data processing component 198, the transceiver (s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624, and / or the application processor (s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16. In some implementations, as shown at 1514, the UE may transmit, to the application based on the processing of the subset of map data buffers, an indication of the identification or the location of the at least one map object in the map data buffer, such as described in connection with FIGs. 6 to 13. For example, as discussed in connection with FIG. 12, as shown at 1204, the frontend tasks may be assigned / configured to search objects related to the search request. Then, as shown at 1206, after the requested object types are found, the search result (s) may be reported back to the localization module. The transmission of the indication may be performed by, e.g., the map data processing component 198, the transceiver (s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624, and / or the application processor (s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16.
[0137] In another example, the map object types may include one or more of: a lane, a lane marker, a roadside barrier, a traffic sign, a traffic light, or a vertical pole.
[0138] In another example, the map data is HD map data.
[0139] In another example, the UE is at least one of: an ADAS system, an autonomous driving system, a navigation system, a vehicle, or an OBU of the vehicle.
[0140] In another example, the UE may output an indication of the processed set of backend tasks. In some implementations, to output the indication of the processed set of backend tasks, the UE may transmit the indication of the processed set of backend tasks, or store, in a memory or a cache, the indication of the processed set of backend tasks.
[0141] FIG. 16 is a diagram 1600 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1604. The apparatus 1604 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 1604 may include at least one cellular baseband processor 1624 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1622 (e.g., cellular RF transceiver) . The cellular baseband processor (s) 1624 may include at least one on-chip memory 1624'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1604 may further include one or more subscriber identity modules (SIM) cards 1620 and at least one application processor 1606 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1608 and a screen 1610. The application processor (s) 1606 may include on-chip memory 1606'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1604 may further include a Bluetooth module 1612, a WLAN module 1614, an ultrawide band (UWB) module 1638 (e.g., a UWB transceiver) , an SPS module 1616 (e.g., GNSS module) , one or more sensors 1618 (e.g., barometric pressure sensor / altimeter; motion sensor such as inertial measurement unit (IMU) , gyroscope, and / or accelerometer (s) ; light detection and ranging (LIDAR) , radio assisted detection and ranging (RADAR) , sound navigation and ranging (SONAR) , magnetometer, audio and / or other technologies used for positioning) , additional memory modules 1626, a power supply 1630, and / or a camera 1632. The Bluetooth module 1612, the UWB module 1638, the WLAN module 1614, and the SPS module 1616 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or in some cases, just a receiver (RX) ) . The Bluetooth module 1612, the WLAN module 1614, and the SPS module 1616 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or utilize the antennas 1680 for communication. The cellular baseband processor (s) 1624 communicates through the transceiver (s) 1622 via one or more antennas 1680 with the UE 104 and / or with an RU associated with a network entity 1602. The cellular baseband processor (s) 1624 and the application processor (s) 1606 may each include a computer-readable medium / memory 1624', 1606', respectively. The additional memory modules 1626 may also be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 1624', 1606', 1626 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor (s) 1624 and the application processor (s) 1606 are each responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624 / application processor (s) 1606, causes the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624 / application processor (s) 1606 to perform the various functions described supra. The cellular baseband processor (s) 1624 and the application processor (s) 1606 are configured to perform the various functions described supra based at least in part of the information stored in the memory. That is, the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624 and the application processor (s) 1606 may be configured to perform a first subset of the various functions described supra without information stored in the memory and may be configured to perform a second subset of the various functions described supra based on the information stored in the memory. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624 / application processor (s) 1606 when executing software. The cellular baseband processor (s) 1624 / application processor (s) 1606 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the at least one memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the apparatus 1604 may be at least one processor chip (modem and / or application) and include just the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624 and / or the application processor (s) 1606, and in another configuration, the apparatus 1604 may be the entire UE (e.g., see UE 350 of FIG. 3) and include the additional modules of the apparatus 1604.
[0142] As discussed supra, the map data processing component 198 may be configured to partition a map data buffer into a set of map data buffers based on map object types, where the map data buffer includes map data, and where a size of each of the set of map data buffers is less than a size of the map data buffer. The map data processing component 198 may also be configured to process, in response to a request, a subset of map data buffers in the set of map data buffers with at least one processor simultaneously, where the processing of the subset of map data buffers is prioritized over a set of backend tasks, where the set of backend tasks includes at least one of map data downloading, map data buffering, or map data buffer partitioning. The map data processing component 198 may also be configured to process the set of backend tasks based on the at least one processor being in an idle state or the processing of the subset of map data buffers being completed or idle. The map data processing component 198 may be within the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624, the application processor (s) 1606, or both the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624 and the application processor (s) 1606. The map data processing component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the stated processes / algorithm individually or in combination. As shown, the apparatus 1604 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the apparatus 1604, and in particular the cellular baseband processor (s) 1624 and / or the application processor (s) 1606, may include means for partitioning a map data buffer into a set of map data buffers based on map object types, where the map data buffer includes map data, and where a size of each of the set of map data buffers is less than a size of the map data buffer. The apparatus 1604 may further include means for processing, in response to a request, a subset of map data buffers in the set of map data buffers with at least one processor simultaneously, where the processing of the subset of map data buffers is prioritized over a set of backend tasks, where the set of backend tasks includes at least one of map data downloading, map data buffering, or map data buffer partitioning. The apparatus 1604 may further include means for processing the set of backend tasks based on the at least one processor being in an idle state or the processing of the subset of map data buffers being completed or idle.
[0143] In one configuration, the means for processing the subset of backend tasks may include configuring the apparatus 1604 to download second map data, buffer the second map data in at least one memory as a second map data buffer, and partition the second map data buffer into a second set of map data buffers based on the map object types, where a size of each of the second set of map data buffers may be less than a size of the second map data buffer. In some implementations, the apparatus 1604 may further include means for determining whether a size of the second map data buffer is sufficient for partitioning, where the partition of the second map data buffer is based on the size of the second map data buffer being sufficient for partitioning. In some implementations, the second map data may be an update or a delta for the map data.
[0144] In another configuration, the apparatus 1604 may further include means for receiving the map data from a server, and means for buffering the map data in at least one memory as the map data buffer.
[0145] In another configuration, the apparatus 1604 may further include means for assigning a first processing priority to the processing of the subset of map data buffers and a second processing priority to the processing of the set of backend tasks, where the first processing priority is higher than the second processing priority. In some implementations, each of the subset of map data buffers may be assigned a same processing priority.
[0146] In another configuration, the apparatus 1604 may further include means for receiving, from an application prior to the processing of the subset of map data buffers, the request, where the request includes an identification or a location of at least one map object in the map data buffer. In some implementations, the apparatus 1604 may further include means for transmitting, to the application based on the processing of the subset of map data buffers, an indication of the identification or the location of the at least one map object in the map data buffer.
[0147] In another configuration, the map object types may include one or more of: a lane, a lane marker, a roadside barrier, a traffic sign, a traffic light, or a vertical pole.
[0148] In another configuration, the map data is high-definition (HD) map data.
[0149] In another configuration, the UE is at least one of: an ADAS system, an autonomous driving system, a navigation system, a vehicle, or an OBU of the vehicle.
[0150] In another configuration, the apparatus 1604 may further include means for outputting an indication of the processed set of backend tasks. In some implementations, the means for outputting the indication of the processed set of backend tasks may include configuring the apparatus 1604 to transmit the indication of the processed set of backend tasks, or store, in a memory or a cache, the indication of the processed set of backend tasks.
[0151] The means may be the map data processing component 198 of the apparatus 1604 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described supra, the apparatus 1604 may include the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. As such, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.
[0152] It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts disclosed is an illustration of example approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts may be rearranged. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in a sample order, and are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.
[0153] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims. Reference to an element in the singular does not mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ” Terms such as “if, ” “when, ” and “while” do not imply an immediate temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, e.g., “when, ” do not imply an immediate action in response to or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if a condition is met then an action will occur, but without requiring a specific or immediate time constraint for the action to occur. The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration. ” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinations may contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. Sets should be interpreted as a set of elements where the elements number one or more. Accordingly, for a set of X, X would include one or more elements. When at least one processor is configured to perform a set of functions, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to perform the set of functions. Accordingly, each processor of the at least one processor may be configured to perform a particular subset of the set of functions, where the subset is the full set, a proper subset of the set, or an empty subset of the set. A processor may be referred to as processor circuitry. A memory / memory module may be referred to as memory circuitry. If a first apparatus receives data from or transmits data to a second apparatus, the data may be received / transmitted directly between the first and second apparatuses, or indirectly between the first and second apparatuses through a set of apparatuses. A device configured to “output” data or “provide” data, such as a transmission, signal, or message, may transmit the data, for example with a transceiver, or may send the data to a device that transmits the data. A device configured to “obtain” data, such as a transmission, signal, or message, may receive, for example with a transceiver, or may obtain the data from a device that receives the data. Information stored in a memory includes instructions and / or data. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. The words “module, ” “mechanism, ” “element, ” “device, ” and the like may not be a substitute for the word “means. ” As such, no claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for. ”
[0154] As used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, or the like. In other words, the phrase “based on A” (where “A” may be information, a condition, a factor, or the like) shall be construed as “based at least on A” unless specifically recited differently.
[0155] The following aspects are illustrative only and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein, without limitation.
[0156] Aspect 1 is a method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , comprising: partitioning a map data buffer into a set of map data buffers based on map object types, wherein the map data buffer includes map data, and wherein a size of each of the set of map data buffers is less than a size of the map data buffer; processing, in response to a request, a subset of map data buffers in the set of map data buffers with at least one processor simultaneously, wherein the processing of the subset of map data buffers is prioritized over a set of backend tasks, wherein the set of backend tasks includes at least one of map data downloading, map data buffering, or map data buffer partitioning; and processing the set of backend tasks based on the at least one processor being in an idle state or the processing of the subset of map data buffers being completed or idle.
[0157] Aspect 2 is the method of aspect 1, further comprising: assigning a first processing priority to the processing of the subset of map data buffers and a second processing priority to the processing of the set of backend tasks, wherein the first processing priority is higher than the second processing priority.
[0158] Aspect 3 is the method of aspect 1 or aspect 2, wherein each of the subset of map data buffers is assigned a same processing priority.
[0159] Aspect 4 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 3, further comprising: receiving the map data from a server; and buffering the map data in at least one memory as the map data buffer.
[0160] Aspect 5 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 4, wherein processing the subset of backend tasks comprises: downloading second map data; buffering the second map data in at least one memory as a second map data buffer; and partitioning the second map data buffer into a second set of map data buffers based on the map object types, wherein a size of each of the second set of map data buffers is less than a size of the second map data buffer.
[0161] Aspect 6 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 5, further comprising: determining whether a size of the second map data buffer is sufficient for partitioning, wherein the partition of the second map data buffer is based on the size of the second map data buffer being sufficient for partitioning.
[0162] Aspect 7 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the second map data is an update or a delta for the map data.
[0163] Aspect 8 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 7, further comprising: receiving, from an application prior to the processing of the subset of map data buffers, the request, wherein the request includes an identification or a location of at least one map object in the map data buffer.
[0164] Aspect 9 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 8, further comprising: transmitting, to the application based on the processing of the subset of map data buffers, an indication of the identification or the location of the at least one map object in the map data buffer.
[0165] Aspect 10 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 9, wherein the map object types include one or more of: a lane, a lane marker, a roadside barrier, a traffic sign, a traffic light, or a vertical pole.
[0166] Aspect 11 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 10, wherein the map data is high-definition (HD) map data.
[0167] Aspect 12 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 11, wherein the UE is at least one of: an advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) system, an autonomous driving system, a navigation system, a vehicle, or an on-board unit (OBU) of the vehicle.
[0168] Aspect 13 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 12, further comprising: outputting an indication of the processed set of backend tasks.
[0169] Aspect 14 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 13, wherein outputting the indication of the processed set of backend tasks comprises: transmitting the indication of the processed set of backend tasks; or storing, in a memory or a cache, the indication of the processed set of backend tasks.
[0170] Aspect 15 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , including: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to implement any of aspects 1 to 14.
[0171] Aspect 16 is the apparatus of aspect 15, further including at least one transceiver or one or more sensors coupled to the at least one processor.
[0172] Aspect 17 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) including means for implementing any of aspects 1 to 14.
[0173] Aspect 18 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer executable code, where the code when executed by a processor causes the processor to implement any of aspects 1 to 14.
Claims
1.An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to:partition a map data buffer into a set of map data buffers based on map object types, wherein the map data buffer includes map data, and wherein a size of each of the set of map data buffers is less than a size of the map data buffer;process, in response to a request, a subset of map data buffers in the set of map data buffers with the at least one processor simultaneously, wherein the processing of the subset of map data buffers is prioritized over a set of backend tasks, wherein the set of backend tasks includes at least one of map data downloading, map data buffering, or map data buffer partitioning; andprocess the set of backend tasks based on the at least one processor being in an idle state or the processing of the subset of map data buffers being completed or idle.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to:assign a first processing priority to the processing of the subset of map data buffers and a second processing priority to the processing of the set of backend tasks, wherein the first processing priority is higher than the second processing priority.3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein each of the subset of map data buffers is assigned a same processing priority.4.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to:receive the map data from a server; andbuffer the map data in the at least one memory as the map data buffer.5.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to process the subset of backend tasks, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to:download second map data;buffer the second map data in the at least one memory as a second map data buffer; andpartition the second map data buffer into a second set of map data buffers based on the map object types, wherein a size of each of the second set of map data buffers is less than a size of the second map data buffer.6.The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to:determine whether the size of the second map data buffer is sufficient for partitioning, wherein the partition of the second map data buffer is based on the size of the second map data buffer being sufficient for partitioning.7.The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the second map data is an update or a delta for the map data.8.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to:receive, from an application prior to the processing of the subset of map data buffers, the request, wherein the request includes an identification or a location of at least one map object in the map data buffer.9.The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to:transmit, to the application based on the processing of the subset of map data buffers, an indication of the identification or the location of the at least one map object in the map data buffer.10.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the map object types include one or more of:a lane,a lane marker,a roadside barrier,a traffic sign,a traffic light, ora vertical pole.11.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the map data is high-definition (HD) map data.12.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the UE is at least one of:an advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) system,an autonomous driving system,a navigation system,a vehicle, oran on-board unit (OBU) of the vehicle.13.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to:output an indication of the processed set of backend tasks.14.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein to output the indication of the processed set of backend tasks, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to:transmit the indication of the processed set of backend tasks; orstore, in a memory or a cache, the indication of the processed set of backend tasks.15.A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:partitioning a map data buffer into a set of map data buffers based on map object types, wherein the map data buffer includes map data, and wherein a size of each of the set of map data buffers is less than a size of the map data buffer;processing, in response to a request, a subset of map data buffers in the set of map data buffers with at least one processor simultaneously, wherein the processing of the subset of map data buffers is prioritized over a set of backend tasks, wherein the set of backend tasks includes at least one of map data downloading, map data buffering, or map data buffer partitioning; andprocessing the set of backend tasks based on the at least one processor being in an idle state or the processing of the subset of map data buffers being completed or idle.16.The method of claim 15, further comprising:assigning a first processing priority to the processing of the subset of map data buffers and a second processing priority to the processing of the set of backend tasks, wherein the first processing priority is higher than the second processing priority.17.The method of claim 16, wherein each of the subset of map data buffers is assigned a same processing priority.18.The method of claim 15, further comprising:receiving the map data from a server; andbuffering the map data in at least one memory as the map data buffer.19.The method of claim 15, wherein processing the subset of backend tasks comprises:downloading second map data;buffering the second map data in at least one memory as a second map data buffer; andpartitioning the second map data buffer into a second set of map data buffers based on the map object types, wherein a size of each of the second set of map data buffers is less than a size of the second map data buffer.20.A computer-readable medium storing computer executable code, the code when executed by at least one processor causes the at least one processor to:partition a map data buffer into a set of map data buffers based on map object types, wherein the map data buffer includes map data, and wherein a size of each of the set of map data buffers is less than a size of the map data buffer;process, in response to a request, a subset of map data buffers in the set of map data buffers with the at least one processor simultaneously, wherein the processing of the subset of map data buffers is prioritized over a set of backend tasks, wherein the set of backend tasks includes at least one of map data downloading, map data buffering, or map data buffer partitioning; andprocess the set of backend tasks based on the at least one processor being in an idle state or the processing of the subset of map data buffers being completed or idle.
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