Use of microalgae extract for promoting absorption and permeation through blood-brain barrier of fatty acid and composition thereof

Abstract

Provided is use of a microalgae extract for promoting the absorption and permeation through the blood-brain barrier of a fatty acid and a composition thereof. The microalgae extract comprises a polar lipid in a proportion of 30% to 99.9%. The fatty acid is a fatty acid contained in a non-microalgae extract. The provided use of the microalgae extract for promoting the absorption and permeation through the blood-brain barrier of a fatty acid and the composition thereof can, by means of the cooperation of the microalgae extract and the fatty acid, promote the absorption of the fatty acid in a user, and particularly, increase the content of the fatty acid in the heart and the brain.

Description

Application of a microalgae extract for promoting fatty acid absorption and crossing the blood-brain barrier and a composition thereof Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of biopharmaceutical industry, and specifically to a microalgae extract and a composition thereof that promotes fatty acid absorption and crossing the blood-brain barrier. Background Art

[0002] The blood-brain barrier (BBB) ​​is a highly selective barrier located between the endothelial cells of brain blood vessels that controls the passage of substances from the blood into brain tissue. This barrier is crucial for protecting the brain from harmful substances, but it also restricts the entry of certain beneficial substances, such as essential fatty acids, into the brain.

[0003] Essential fatty acids (such as Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids) are crucial for brain development and function. Taking DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) as an example, studies have shown that DHA plays a significant role in children's brain development and the maintenance of adult brain function. Adequate DHA levels help reduce cognitive decline and lower the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. However, since the brain itself cannot synthesize new DHA, it means that the brain must absorb DHA from the blood through the blood-brain barrier. However, the efficiency of DHA crossing the BBB is low, and its concentration in the brain is often limited.

[0004] Currently, the commonly used method to increase the fatty acid content in the human body is to provide the user with a preparation containing fatty acids to increase the fatty acid content in the user's body. However, the human body's own absorption rate of fatty acids is often not high, and only a small part of the fatty acids in the preparation may enter the human body.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present disclosure is made in view of the above-mentioned state of the prior art, and its purpose is to provide a microalgae extract and its composition that can promote fatty acid absorption and cross the blood-brain barrier.

[0007] To this end, a first aspect of the present disclosure provides a use of a microalgae extract in promoting fatty acid absorption and / or fatty acid crossing the blood-brain barrier, wherein the microalgae extract contains polar lipids, the polar lipids accounting for 30% to 99.9% of the microalgae extract, and the fatty acids are fatty acids not native to the microalgae extract.

[0008] In the first aspect of the present disclosure, it was verified that microalgae extracts can promote fatty acid absorption and promote fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier. Among them, the polar lipids in the microalgae extracts play an important role in helping fatty acids cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The applicant found in the study that polar lipids may increase the solubility of fatty acids and improve their transport efficiency in the blood, and promote the synthesis of hemolytic polar lipids by fatty acids and polar lipids in the body, thereby enhancing the transmembrane transport of fatty acids. Therefore, it is possible to provide an application of a microalgae extract in promoting fatty acid absorption and crossing the blood-brain barrier. By using the microalgae extract of the present disclosure in combination with fatty acids, it can help promote the user's absorption of fatty acids, especially increase the fatty acid content in the heart and brain.

[0009] In the application of the first aspect of the present disclosure, the microalgae extract optionally contains phospholipids, glycolipids, and / or betaine esters. In this case, the microalgae extract is rich in phospholipids, glycolipids, and / or betaine esters, wherein some of the phospholipids and betaine esters are lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters, most of which can bind to the active transport protein Mfsd2a on vascular cells and be directly transported, thereby helping to improve fatty acid absorption and the efficiency of fatty acid crossing the blood-brain barrier; other phospholipids and betaine esters can be converted into lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters in the small intestine and / or liver and other parts, and then transported and absorbed.

[0010] In the application of the first aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used, and the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1-50):(1-50), and the fatty acids are any one or more of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n6). In this case, after the microalgae extract and the raw materials containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives are physically mixed, they reach the small intestine and / or liver through digestion and absorption. The fatty acids or lipid derivatives in the raw materials are assembled into hemolytic phospholipids and hemolytic betaine esters in the small intestine and / or liver, and can be transported and absorbed by the brain. Compared with the scheme that requires chemical synthesis of hemolytic polar lipids in vitro before use or the scheme of chemical modification of fatty acids in the prior art, the scheme of using after physical mixing can simplify the process, improve preparation efficiency and reduce costs, and does not require the addition of additional process additives, which can reduce the risk of solvent residues. Therefore, the microalgae extract can promote the absorption of fatty acids and cross the blood-brain barrier to promote the absorption of fatty acids or lipid derivatives by users.

[0011] In the application of the first aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used, and the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1 to 50): (1 to 50), and the lipid derivative is selected from any one or more of glyceride fatty acids, ethyl ester fatty acids, phospholipid fatty acids, glycolipid fatty acids, sterol ester fatty acids and / or sphingolipid fatty acids. In this case, after the microalgae extract and the raw materials containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives are physically mixed, they reach the small intestine and / or liver through digestion and absorption. The fatty acids or lipid derivatives in the raw materials are assembled into hemolytic phospholipids and hemolytic betaine esters in the small intestine and / or liver, and can be transported and absorbed by the brain. Compared with the scheme that requires chemical synthesis of hemolytic polar lipids in vitro before use or the scheme of chemical modification of fatty acids in the prior art, the scheme of using after physical mixing can simplify the process, improve preparation efficiency and reduce costs, and does not require the addition of additional process additives, which can reduce the risk of solvent residues. Therefore, the microalgae extract can promote the absorption of fatty acids and cross the blood-brain barrier to promote the absorption of fatty acids or lipid derivatives by users.

[0012] In the application of the first aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is from blue algae, green algae or red algae.

[0013] In the application of the first aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is from any one or more of Nannochloropsis, Heteroglossina, Phaeodactylum triangularis, Nitzschia closterium, Haematococcus pluvialis, Euglena, Spirulina, Nostoc sphaeroides, Chlorella, Dunaliella and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

[0014] A second aspect of the present disclosure provides a use of a microalgae extract for increasing fatty acid content in the heart, characterized in that the microalgae extract contains polar lipids, wherein the polar lipids account for 30% to 99.9% of the microalgae extract, and the fatty acids are not native fatty acids in the microalgae extract. In the second aspect of the present disclosure, the polar lipids in the microalgae extract play an important role in facilitating fatty acid absorption and promoting fatty acid transport across the blood-brain barrier, and can help increase fatty acid content in the heart. Thus, a use of a microalgae extract for increasing fatty acid content in the heart can be provided.

[0015] In the application of the second aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract contains phospholipids, glycolipids and / or betaine esters.

[0016] In the application of the second aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used, and the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1-50):(1-50), and the fatty acids are any one or more of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n6).

[0017] In the application of the second aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used, and the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1 to 50): (1 to 50), and the lipid derivative is selected from any one or more of glyceride fatty acids, ethyl ester fatty acids, phospholipid fatty acids, glycolipid fatty acids, sterol ester fatty acids and / or sphingolipid fatty acids.

[0018] In the application of the second aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is from blue algae, green algae or red algae.

[0019] In the application of the second aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is from any one or more of Nannochloropsis, Heteroglossina, Phaeodactylum triangularis, Nitzschia closterium, Haematococcus pluvialis, Euglena, Spirulina, Nostoc sphaeroides, Chlorella, Dunaliella and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

[0020] A third aspect of the present disclosure provides a use of a microalgae extract for increasing fatty acid content in the brain, characterized in that the microalgae extract contains polar lipids, wherein the polar lipids account for 30% to 99.9% of the microalgae extract, and the fatty acids are not native to the microalgae extract. In the third aspect of the present disclosure, the polar lipids in the microalgae extract play an important role in facilitating fatty acid absorption and promoting fatty acid transport across the blood-brain barrier, thereby contributing to increasing fatty acid content in the brain. Thus, a use of a microalgae extract for increasing fatty acid content in the brain can be provided.

[0021] In the application of the third aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract contains phospholipids, glycolipids and / or betaine esters.

[0022] In the application of the third aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used, and the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1-50):(1-50), and the fatty acids are any one or more of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n6).

[0023] In the application of the third aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used, and the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1 to 50): (1 to 50), and the lipid derivative is selected from any one or more of glyceride fatty acids, ethyl ester fatty acids, phospholipid fatty acids, glycolipid fatty acids, sterol ester fatty acids and / or sphingolipid fatty acids.

[0024] In the application of the third aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is from blue algae, green algae or red algae.

[0025] In the application of the third aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is from any one or more of Nannochloropsis, Heterochloropsis, Pseudomonas triangularis, Nitzschia closterium, Haematococcus pluvialis, Euglena, Spirulina, Nostoc sphaeroides, Chlorella, Dunaliella and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

[0026] A fourth aspect of the present disclosure provides a composition comprising a microalgae extract and fatty acids not native to the microalgae extract, wherein the microalgae extract contains polar lipids, with the polar lipids comprising 30% to 99.9% of the microalgae extract. In the third aspect of the present disclosure, the microalgae extract containing polar lipids can promote fatty acid absorption and cross the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, the composition containing the microalgae extract and fatty acids can have a strong absorption rate and achieve better results when used, particularly significantly increasing the levels of total fatty acids and target fatty acids in the brain and heart.

[0027] In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract contains phospholipids, glycolipids and / or betaine esters.

[0028] In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used, and the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1 to 50): (1 to 50), and the fatty acids are any one or more of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n6).

[0029] In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids and then used, and the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1 to 50): (1 to 50), and the lipid derivative is selected from any one or more of glyceride fatty acids, ethyl ester fatty acids, phospholipid fatty acids, glycolipid fatty acids, sterol ester fatty acids and / or sphingolipid fatty acids.

[0030] In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is derived from blue algae, green algae or red algae.

[0031] In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the microalgae extract is from any one or more of Nannochloropsis, Heterocollis, Phaeodactylum triangularis, Nitzschia closterium, Haematococcus pluvialis, Euglena, Spirulina, Nostoc sphaeroides, Chlorella, Dunaliella and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

[0032] In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the composition is a food, a medicine, a health product, an animal nutrition or a veterinary drug, and the composition further contains excipients permitted for use by pharmacy, ordinary food, health food or special medical food regulations.

[0033] In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the composition is optionally used to prepare a preparation for improving brain function and / or improving eye function. In this case, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids by the human body, thereby helping to improve brain function and eye function.

[0034] In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, optionally, the preparation for improving brain function includes any one or more of a preparation for improving cognitive dysfunction, alleviating neurodegenerative diseases, alleviating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, alleviating depression, alleviating anxiety, alleviating brain inflammation, developing the intelligence of young children, improving Alzheimer's disease and related symptoms, and improving depression. In this case, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids by the human body, thereby helping to improve cognitive dysfunction, alleviating neurodegenerative diseases, alleviating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, alleviating depression, alleviating anxiety, alleviating brain inflammation, developing the intelligence of young children, improving Alzheimer's disease and related symptoms, and improving depression.

[0035] In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the ocular function-improving formulation optionally includes any one or more of formulations for alleviating dry eye, reducing retinopathy, reducing corneal problems, alleviating age-related macular degeneration, and preventing and treating vision problems in children. In this case, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids by the human body, thereby helping to alleviate dry eye, reduce retinopathy, reduce corneal problems, alleviate age-related macular degeneration, and prevent and treat vision problems in children.

[0036] In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the composition is optionally used to prepare a preparation for preventing hypertension, preventing coronary heart disease, slowing the progression of heart failure, slowing the progression of atherosclerosis, promoting recovery after myocardial infarction, and / or promoting myocardial regeneration and recovery of cardiac function. In this case, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids by the human body, thereby helping to prevent hypertension, prevent coronary heart disease, slow the progression of heart failure, slow the progression of atherosclerosis, promote recovery after myocardial infarction, and promote myocardial regeneration and recovery of cardiac function.

[0037] In the composition of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the composition is optionally used to prepare a preparation for enhancing brain cell growth regulation, improving cognitive function, promoting nutritional supplementation, inhibiting inflammation, and / or inhibiting apoptosis. In this case, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids by the human body, thereby contributing to enhancing brain cell growth regulation, improving cognitive function, promoting nutritional supplementation, inhibiting inflammation, and inhibiting apoptosis.

[0038] According to the present disclosure, a microalgae extract and its composition that can promote fatty acid absorption and crossing the blood-brain barrier can be provided. By combining the microalgae extract of the present disclosure with fatty acids, it can help promote the user's absorption of fatty acids, especially increase the fatty acid content in the heart and brain. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] FIG1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for extracting a microalgae extract according to an example of the present disclosure.

[0040] FIG2 is a volcano plot showing the proteomic and bioinformatics analysis of Example 1 and a blank group according to the examples of the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG3 is a heat map showing the proteomic and bioinformatics analysis of Example 1 and a blank group according to the examples of the present disclosure.

[0042] FIG4 is a schematic diagram showing pathways identified by GO enrichment analysis of proteomic and bioinformatics analysis of Example 1 and a blank group according to the examples of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] The present disclosure provides a use of a microalgae extract in promoting fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier. In the present disclosure, it is verified that a microalgae extract can promote fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, a use of a microalgae extract in promoting fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier can be provided. By combining the microalgae extract of the present disclosure with fatty acids, it can help increase the fatty acid content in the brain. The present disclosure can also provide a use of a microalgae extract in the preparation of a preparation that promotes fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier. In the present disclosure, a microalgae extract may also be referred to as an algae extract.

[0045] The present disclosure also provides a use of a microalgae extract for promoting fatty acid absorption. The present disclosure demonstrates that a microalgae extract can promote fatty acid absorption. Therefore, the present disclosure provides a use of a microalgae extract for promoting fatty acid absorption. Combining the microalgae extract of the present disclosure with fatty acids can help promote fatty acid absorption. The present disclosure also provides a use of a microalgae extract for preparing a formulation that promotes fatty acid absorption. In the present disclosure, "promoting fatty acid absorption" refers to promoting the absorption of fatty acids by the user.

[0046] The present disclosure also provides a use of a microalgae extract for increasing fatty acid content in the brain. This disclosure demonstrates that a microalgae extract can promote fatty acid absorption and facilitate fatty acid transport across the blood-brain barrier, thereby contributing to increased fatty acid content in the heart. Therefore, this disclosure also provides a use of a microalgae extract for increasing fatty acid content in the heart. Furthermore, this disclosure also provides a use of a microalgae extract for preparing a preparation for increasing fatty acid content in the heart.

[0047] The present disclosure also provides a use of a microalgae extract for increasing fatty acid content in the brain. This disclosure demonstrates that a microalgae extract can promote fatty acid absorption and facilitate fatty acid transport across the blood-brain barrier, thereby contributing to increased fatty acid content in the brain. Therefore, this disclosure provides a use of a microalgae extract for increasing fatty acid content in the brain. Furthermore, this disclosure also provides a use of a microalgae extract for preparing a formulation for increasing fatty acid content in the brain.

[0048] The present disclosure also provides a composition, which includes microalgae extracts and fatty acids native to non-microalgae extracts (hereinafter referred to as non-native fatty acids). In the present disclosure, it is verified that microalgae extracts can promote fatty acid absorption and promote fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, the composition containing microalgae extracts and fatty acids can have a strong absorption rate and can have a better effect when used. In particular, it can significantly increase the content of total fatty acids and target fatty acids in the brain and heart. In the present disclosure, "the composition has a strong absorption rate" means that when the composition is applied to the user, the user has good absorption efficiency of the composition.

[0049] The present disclosure also provides a microalgae extract that promotes fatty acid transport across the blood-brain barrier. The microalgae extract may contain polar lipids. Polar lipids in the microalgae extract play an important role in helping fatty acids cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Thus, a microalgae extract that promotes fatty acid transport across the BBB can be provided.

[0050] Currently, a common approach is to use algae oil, rich in fatty acids (such as EPA), extracted from algae as a fatty acid supplement. However, in the present invention, the applicant has discovered that microalgae extracts can be used as a facilitator for promoting fatty acid absorption by combining them with other fatty acids (i.e., non-native fatty acids, also known as exogenous fatty acids). The present invention uses naturally derived microalgae extracts combined with fatty acids to provide a new solution for safer and more effective fatty acid absorption.

[0051] Hereinafter, the application of the microalgae extract and the composition thereof involved in the present disclosure will be described in detail.

[0052] In the present disclosure, the microalgae extract may contain polar lipids. In the present disclosure, it is verified that the microalgae extract can promote the absorption of fatty acids and cross the blood-brain barrier, wherein polar lipids play an important role in helping fatty acids cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The applicant found in the study that polar lipids may be by increasing the solubility of fatty acids and improving their transport efficiency in the blood, and promoting the synthesis of hemolytic polar lipids by fatty acids and polar lipids in the body, thereby enhancing the transmembrane transport of fatty acids. Thus, a microalgae extract can be provided for use in promoting the absorption of fatty acids and crossing the blood-brain barrier. By using the microalgae extract of the present disclosure in combination with fatty acids, it can help promote the user's absorption of fatty acids, especially increase the fatty acid content in the heart and brain. In some examples, the microalgae extract may contain lipid substances. Among them, the lipid substances may have polar lipids.

[0053] For purposes of this disclosure, polar lipids are a class of lipid molecules containing polar groups. These polar groups give polar lipids a certain degree of solubility or hydrophilicity in water, while their hydrophobic fatty acid chains make them lipophilic in non-polar environments. Polar lipids are typically composed of two parts: one or more long-chain fatty acids (the hydrophobic portion) and a head portion containing polar groups (the hydrophilic portion). When a fatty acid at the SN1 or SN2 position of a glyceride-type polar lipid is removed, a hemolytic polar lipid is obtained.

[0054] In this disclosure, fatty acids refer not only to fatty acids in the general sense, but also to other substances containing fatty acid groups. For example, fatty acids can be unmodified free fatty acids, modified fatty acids, and fatty acids attached to their lipid structures. For example, fatty acids in this disclosure can also include fatty acids attached to triglycerides or polar lipids.

[0055] In some examples, the microalgae extract may contain any one or more of DGTS (diacylglycerol trimethylhomoserine), LDGTS (lysodiacylglycerol trimethylhomoserine), Cer (ceramide), MGDG (monogalactosyldiacylglycerol), DGDG (digalactosyldiacylglycerol), SQDG (sulforhamnosyldiacylglycerol), DGGA (diacylglycerol glucuronic acid), CE (cholesterol ester), CL (cardiolipin), LPA (lysophosphatidic acid), LPE (lysophosphatidylethanolamine), LPG (lysophosphatidylglycerol), LPC (lysophosphatidylcholine), LPI (lysophosphatidylinositol), PE (phosphatidylethanolamine), PG (phosphatidylglycerol), PI (phosphatidylinositol), PC (phosphatidylcholine), and PI-Cer (inositolphosphoceramide). In this case, these components are polar lipids that can help facilitate the crossing of fatty acids across the blood-brain barrier.

[0056] In some examples, the microalgae extract may contain any one or more of FFA: free fatty acids, MG: monoglycerides, DG: diglycerides, and TG: triglycerides.

[0057] In some examples, the microalgae extract may contain phospholipids, glycolipids, and / or betaine esters. In this case, the microalgae extract is rich in phospholipids, glycolipids, and / or betaine esters, wherein some of the phospholipids and betaine esters are lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters. Most of the lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters can bind to the active transport protein Mfsd2a on vascular cells and be directly transported, thereby helping to improve fatty acid absorption and the efficiency of fatty acid crossing the blood-brain barrier; other phospholipids and betaine esters can be converted into lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters in the small intestine and / or liver and then transported and absorbed.

[0058] In some examples, the phospholipids may include lysophospholipids, thereby facilitating fatty acid absorption and crossing the blood-brain barrier. In some examples, the betaine esters may include lysobetaine esters, thereby facilitating fatty acid absorption and crossing the blood-brain barrier.

[0059] In some examples, polar lipids may include phospholipids, glycolipids, and / or betaine esters. Some of these phospholipids and betaine esters may be lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters. In this case, the microalgae extract is rich in lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters. Most of these lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters can bind to the active transport protein Mfsd2a on vascular cells and be directly transported, thereby helping to improve the efficiency of fatty acid transport across the blood-brain barrier. Other phospholipids and betaine esters can be converted into lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters in the small intestine and / or liver, and then transported and absorbed.

[0060] In some examples, the microalgae extract may preferably contain lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters. Molecules transported by the active transport protein Mfsd2a on vascular cells must possess two structural characteristics: a polar head containing both positively and negatively charged groups, and a non-polar, long chain of at least 14 carbon atoms. Both the lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters in the microalgae extract meet these structural characteristics. Most of the lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters in the microalgae extracts rich in lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters disclosed herein can be directly transported, while other phospholipids and betaine esters can be converted into lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters in the small intestine and / or liver, and then transported and absorbed. After physical mixing of the fatty acid-containing raw material with the microalgae extract, the fatty acid-containing raw material is digested and absorbed into the small intestine and / or liver, where it is assembled onto the lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters for transport and absorption into the brain.

[0061] Furthermore, as key components of cell membranes, lysophospholipids are crucial for the absorption and translocation of fatty acids. They also participate in the formation of lipoproteins, a crucial mechanism for fatty acid transport in the body. This mechanism not only increases the bioavailability of fatty acids in the body, especially in the brain, but also plays a significant role in maintaining brain health and function, particularly in neuroprotection and cognitive function.

[0062] The transport mechanism of fatty acids in the body is as follows: Generally, non-polar lipid fatty acids (such as triglycerides) are hydrolyzed in the intestine by pancreatic lipase and other digestive enzymes (such as intestinal lipase) into free fatty acids and glycerol. The resulting free fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells and re-esterified in the endoplasmic reticulum to form triglycerides. Newly synthesized triglycerides combine with cholesterol, lipoproteins, and other lipids to form cholesterol esters, which then form chylomicrons. These chylomicrons are transported via the lymphatic system, bypassing the portal vein and entering the bloodstream directly. In areas of active lipid metabolism, such as the brain, liver, and heart, fatty acids attached to these triglycerides, especially unsaturated fatty acids, may be attached to polar lipids such as phospholipids through the phospholipid remodeling pathway of the Lands' cycle. Lysophospholipids are then generated by phospholipases and other enzymes and transported to the brain. Polar lipid fatty acids such as phospholipids and betaine esters are converted into free fatty acids and lysopolar lipids by phospholipases in the small intestine and absorbed by intestinal cells. Lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters can be directly absorbed by intestinal cells. When triglyceride-derived fatty acids and polar lipids such as phospholipids and / or betaine esters are ingested together, they are digested and absorbed simultaneously in the small intestine. During the lipid reorganization process, the triglyceride-derived fatty acids have more opportunities to attach to polar lipids such as phospholipids or betaine esters, thereby increasing the chances of these fatty acids being transported to the brain as hemolytic polar lipids.

[0063] The effects and advantages of microalgae extract in promoting the digestion and absorption of fatty acids are as follows:

[0064] (1) Emulsified lipids: Lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters act as emulsifiers, which can form an emulsified mixture of lipid substances containing fatty acids in water, making them hydrophilic. This process is called emulsification, which is similar to the principle of soap washing grease. Through emulsification, large pieces of fat are pried apart into small oil droplets, increasing the surface area that comes into contact with digestive enzymes and facilitating the action of lipase.

[0065] (2) Improve digestibility: Emulsified fats are more susceptible to the action of digestive enzymes, thereby improving the digestibility of lipids. This is because the emulsified fat forms a large number of small oil droplets, making it easier for lipase to enter and decompose the fat.

[0066] (3) Formation of mixed micelles: Lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters combine with bile salts to form mixed micelles, which are water-soluble globules that carry lipid digestion products and other fat-soluble nutrients. These mixed micelles help transport digestion products to the vicinity of the small intestinal microvilli, making them easier to absorb.

[0067] (4) Optimizing absorption: The mixed micelles formed by lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters have a smaller diameter, thus increasing the contact area of ​​lipase and improving digestibility compared to other emulsifiers. At the same time, the nutrients in the mixed micelles are more easily absorbed by the small intestine, thereby optimizing the absorption efficiency of nutrients.

[0068] In some examples, the microalgae extract may preferably contain lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), and lysobetaine ester (LDGTS), thereby promoting fatty acid absorption and enabling fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier.

[0069] In some examples, the microalgae extract can be derived from unicellular microalgae. In some examples, the unicellular microalgae can be cyanobacteria, green algae or red algae, etc. In some examples, the microalgae extract can be derived from any one or more of Nannochloropsis sp., Heterocystis sp., Triangular Phaeodactylum sp., Crescent Nitzschia sp., Haematococcus pluvialis, Naegleria sp., Spirulina sp., Nostoc sp., Chlorella sp., Dunaliella sp. and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In some examples, preferably, the unicellular microalgae can be Nannochloropsis sp. That is to say, in some examples, preferably, the microalgae extract can be derived from Nannochloropsis sp. Nannochloropsis sp., also known as Microchloropsis sp. or Microchloropsis sp., is a widely distributed marine algae whose cells accumulate a large amount of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and Nannochloropsis sp. is rich in natural polar lipids, which have special health benefits and extremely high bioavailability. In this case, the microalgae extract derived from Nannochloropsis sp. is rich in natural polar lipids, which can help fatty acids absorb and cross the blood-brain barrier. In addition, Microchloropsis spp. is a new food raw material. Microalgae extracts are derived from new food raw materials and have high nutritional and medicinal value, as well as high biosafety. Long-term consumption has no obvious toxic side effects.

[0070] In some cases, microalgae extracts can also contain fatty acids. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids accumulate in large quantities in the cells of Nannochloropsis algae, so the microalgae extract extracted from it also contains a certain amount of fatty acids. In this case, the microalgae extract itself also contains a certain amount of fatty acids (which can be called self-contained fatty acids), which can help increase the fatty acid content in the brain.

[0071] In some examples, the polar lipid content of the microalgae extract may be 30% to 99.9%. This can help promote fatty acid absorption and cross the blood-brain barrier. For example, the polar lipid content of the microalgae extract may be 30%, 33%, 35%, 37%, 40%, 42%, 45%, 48%, 50%, 52%, 55%, 58%, 60%, 62%, 65%, 68%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 77%, 78%, 80%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 99.9%. In some examples, preferably, the polar lipid content of the microalgae extract may be no less than 70%. In some examples, preferably, polar lipids may account for 70% to 90% of the microalgae extract, thereby helping to improve the efficiency of fatty acid absorption and crossing the blood-brain barrier.

[0072] In some examples, polar lipids can comprise 30% to 100% of the lipid content of the microalgae extract. This can help promote fatty acid absorption and cross the blood-brain barrier. For example, the proportion of polar lipids in the lipid content can be 30%, 33%, 35%, 37%, 40%, 42%, 45%, 48%, 50%, 52%, 55%, 58%, 60%, 62%, 65%, 68%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 77%, 78%, 80%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%. In some examples, preferably, the proportion of polar lipids in the lipid content can be 70% to 90%. This can help improve the efficiency of promoting fatty acid absorption and crossing the blood-brain barrier.

[0073] In some examples, when applying the algae extract, the algae extract can be diluted based on different needs, or the polar lipid content in the algae extract can be directly adjusted. For example, in some examples, the polar lipid content in the algae extract can be adjusted to 30%-50% before application.

[0074] In some examples, a microalgae extract can be extracted from algae biomass using an organic solvent. For example, in some examples, the microalgae extract can be obtained by contacting the algae biomass with ethanol and removing the ethanol to obtain the microalgae extract. In some examples, the algae biomass can be dried algae. Dry algae refers to algae with a water content of 5 wt% or less. In some examples, dried algae can be obtained by flocculating, deflocculating, desalting, and drying the algae biomass. In some examples, the dried algae can be algae of the genus Nannochloropsis with intact cell walls.

[0075] FIG1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for extracting a microalgae extract according to an example of the present disclosure.

[0076] In some examples, referring to FIG1 , a method for extracting a microalgae extract may include the following steps: flocculating, deflocculating, desalting, and drying the algae biomass to obtain dried algae (step S10); contacting the dried algae with ethanol, removing the ethanol, and obtaining a microalgae extract (step S20). In the present disclosure, the microalgae extract is extracted from natural algae. The sustainability and environmental friendliness of this method are also important advantages. The powerful carbon sequestration capacity of microalgae can contribute to energy conservation and emission reduction, promoting "carbon peak and carbon neutrality."

[0077] In some examples, the microalgae extract can be mixed with fatty acids before use. Wherein, the fatty acids are fatty acids that are not contained in the microalgae extract (non-self-contained fatty acids, which may also be referred to as exogenous fatty acids). Thus, the microalgae extract can promote the absorption of fatty acids and the effect of crossing the blood-brain barrier to promote the absorption of fatty acids by the user. It is understandable that in the present disclosure, "the use of microalgae extract after mixing with fatty acids" is not limited to the use of microalgae extracts that can only be mixed with free fatty acids, but may also include the use of microalgae extracts mixed with fatty acid-containing substances. For example, general fatty acid-containing substances include algae oil, fish oil, krill oil, etc., and the algae extract can be mixed with these fatty acid-containing substances before use. In this case, the algae extract of the present disclosure can promote the fatty acids in these fatty acid-containing substances to be absorbed by the user.

[0078] In some examples, microalgae extracts and fatty acids can be physically mixed before use. In this case, after the fatty acids and microalgae extracts are physically mixed, they reach the small intestine and / or liver through digestion and absorption, and are assembled into lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters in the small intestine and / or liver, and can be transported and absorbed by the brain. Compared with the scheme that requires chemical synthesis of lyso-type fatty acids in vitro before use or the scheme of chemical modification of fatty acids in the prior art, the scheme of using after physical mixing can simplify the process, improve preparation efficiency and reduce costs, and does not require the addition of additional process additives, which can reduce the risk of solvent residues. In other words, after the microalgae extract and fatty acids are physically mixed, they can automatically synthesize hemolytic polar lipids after entering the small intestine and / or liver.

[0079] The following describes the fatty acid replacement process in the liver:

[0080] The replacement of fatty acid chains on polar lipids in the liver usually involves a series of enzymatic reactions that remove, modify, or reacylate the fatty acid chains in polar lipid molecules. Taking phosphatidylcholine (PC) as an example, this process mainly includes the following steps:

[0081] (1) Deacylation of fatty acid chains: First, phospholipases (e.g., phospholipase A2, PLA2) act on PC to remove one of its fatty acid chains. This usually occurs at the SN2 position of the phospholipid molecule. The remaining molecule is lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC).

[0082] (2) Fatty acid chain exchange: Subsequently, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) catalyzes the binding of new fatty acid chains to deacylated phospholipid molecules, thereby generating a new PC molecule. In this process, different types of fatty acids can be selected as new chains.

[0083] (3) Reacylation: After the fatty acid chain is removed, another fatty acid can be added to the phospholipid molecule by the action of an acylase such as an acyltransferase. This step is selective, depending on which fatty acid is available and recognized by the enzyme.

[0084] In some examples, the microalgae extract can be physically mixed with a fatty acid-containing feedstock before use. In some examples, the fatty acid can be any one or more of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3), and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n6).

[0085] In some examples, the microalgae extract can be physically mixed with a raw material of a lipid derivative containing fatty acids (which may be referred to as a lipid derivative) before use. In some examples, the lipid derivative can be selected from any one or more of glyceride fatty acids, ethyl ester fatty acids, phospholipid fatty acids, glycolipid fatty acids, sterol ester fatty acids and / or sphingolipid fatty acids. In some examples, the lipid derivative can be any one or more of glycerides (monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides), ethyl esters, phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol esters, ceramides and fatty alcohol esters. In some examples, the lipid derivative can be other lipid derivatives containing fatty acids.

[0086] In some examples, microalgae extracts are physically mixed with raw materials containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives of fatty acids before use. In this case, after the microalgae extracts and raw materials containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives are physically mixed, they reach the small intestine and / or liver through digestion and absorption. The fatty acids or lipid derivatives in the raw materials are assembled into lysophospholipids and lysobetaine esters in the small intestine and / or liver, and can be transported and absorbed by the brain. Compared with the scheme that requires chemical synthesis of lysopolar lipids in vitro before use or the scheme of chemical modification of fatty acids in the prior art, the scheme of physical mixing can simplify the process, improve preparation efficiency and reduce costs, and does not require the addition of additional process additives, which can reduce the risk of solvent residues. Therefore, the microalgae extract can promote the absorption of fatty acids and cross the blood-brain barrier to promote the absorption of fatty acids or lipid derivatives by users.

[0087] In some examples, the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids can be (1-50):(1-50). In some examples, the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material containing fatty acids or fatty acid-containing lipid derivatives is (1-50):(1-50). This can help promote the crossing of fatty acids across the blood-brain barrier. For example, the mass ratio of microalgae extract to fatty acids can be 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, 1:12, 1:13, 1:14, 1:15, 1:16, 1:17, 1:18, 1:19, 1:20, 1:21, 1:22, 1:23, 1:24, 1:25, 1:26, 1:27, 1:28, 1:29, 1:30, 1:31, 1:32, 1:33, 1:34, 1:35, 1:36, 1:37, 1:38, 1:39, 1:40, 1:41, 1:42, 1:43, 1:44, 1:45, 1:46, 1:47, 1:48, 1:49, 1:50 :49, 1:50, 50:1, 49:1, 48:1, 47:1, 46:1, 45:1, 44:1, 43:1, 42:1, 41:1, 40:1, 39:1, 38:1, 37:1, 36:1, 35:1, 34:1, 33:1, 32:1, 31:1, 30:1, 29:1, 28:1, 2 1, 2:1, 7:1, 26:1, 25:1, 24:1, 23:1, 22:1, 21:1, 20:1, 19:1, 18:1, 17:1, 16:1, 15:1, 14:1, 13:1, 12:1, 11:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, or 1:1. As previously mentioned, fatty acids can include fatty acid-containing substances. When a microalgae extract is used together with a fatty acid-containing substance, the ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acid-containing substance can be consistent with the ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acid. In other words, in some examples, the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acid-containing substance can be (1-50):(1-50).

[0088] In some examples, preferably, the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acid can be (1-5):(1-5). For example, the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acid can be 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3, 1:3.5, 1:4, 1:4.5, 1:5, 5:1, 4.5:1, 4:1, 3.5:1, 3:1, 2.5:1, 2:1, or 1.5:1. This can help promote fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier. In some examples, preferably, the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acid-containing substance can be (1-5):(1-5).

[0089] In some cases, microalgae extracts can also be chemically synthesized with fatty acids to form lyso-polar lipids before use. In this case, the lyso-polar lipids can bind to the active transport protein Mfsd2a on vascular cells and be transported. In some cases, fatty acids can be chemically synthesized into lyso-polar lipids in vitro before use.

[0090] In some examples, the non-self-contained fatty acids can be fatty acids that have beneficial effects on the human body. For example, the fatty acids can be fatty acids required by the human brain and retina. In some examples, the fatty acids can include, but are not limited to, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and nervonic acid.

[0091] As previously mentioned, in the present disclosure, compositions may include microalgae extracts and non-native fatty acids. In some examples, the fatty acids in the composition are preferably physically mixed with the microalgae extract. In the present disclosure, physically mixing the microalgae extract and fatty acids allows the composition to automatically synthesize hemolytic polar lipids upon entry into the small intestine and / or liver, among other sites. This simplifies the synthesis process of the composition, eliminates the need for additional process additives, and reduces the risk of residual solvents.

[0092] In some examples, the composition can be taken orally. For example, in some examples, the composition can be taken orally into the human body.

[0093] In some examples, the fatty acids and microalgae extracts in the composition can also be chemically synthesized in vitro into lyso-type fatty acids for reuse.

[0094] In some examples, the composition can be a food, a medicine, a health product, an animal nutrition product, or a veterinary drug. In the present disclosure, a composition can also be referred to as a preparation. In some examples, preferably, the food is a functional food. In some examples, the food can include biscuits, candies, cakes, and beverages. In some examples, preferably, the dosage form of the medicine is an oral solution, granules, tablets, capsules, powders, granules, pills, solutions, syrups, decoctions, patches, gels, creams, or sprays. This facilitates storage and use.

[0095] In some examples, the composition may contain other functional additives. In some examples, the composition may also contain excipients permitted for use in pharmacy, general food, health food, or special medical food regulations. For example, the composition may contain excipients such as diluents, thickeners, antioxidants, vitamins, etc.

[0096] In some examples, the composition can be used to prepare a preparation for improving brain function and / or improving eye function. In this case, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids by the human body, thereby helping to improve brain function and eye function.

[0097] In some examples, the formulations for improving brain function may include any one or more of the following: improving cognitive dysfunction, alleviating neurodegenerative diseases, alleviating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, alleviating depression, alleviating anxiety, alleviating brain inflammation, promoting intellectual development in children and adolescents, improving Alzheimer's disease and its related symptoms, and improving depression. In this case, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids by the human body, thereby contributing to improving cognitive dysfunction, alleviating neurodegenerative diseases, alleviating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, alleviating depression, alleviating anxiety, alleviating brain inflammation, promoting intellectual development in children and adolescents, improving Alzheimer's disease and its related symptoms, and improving depression.

[0098] In some examples, the formulation for improving ocular function includes any one or more of a formulation for alleviating dry eye, reducing retinopathy, reducing corneal problems, alleviating age-related macular degeneration, and preventing and treating vision problems in children. In this case, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids by the human body, thereby helping to alleviate dry eye, reduce retinopathy, reduce corneal problems, alleviate age-related macular degeneration, and prevent and treat vision problems in children.

[0099] Therefore, the present disclosure can also provide a composition for use in the preparation of a preparation for improving cognitive dysfunction, alleviating neurodegenerative lesions, alleviating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, alleviating depression, alleviating anxiety, alleviating brain inflammation, alleviating dry eye, alleviating age-related macular degeneration, preventing and treating children's visual development problems, reducing retinopathy, reducing corneal problems, adolescent intelligence development, improving Alzheimer's disease and related symptoms and / or improving depression. In addition, the present disclosure can also provide a composition for use in improving cognitive dysfunction, alleviating neurodegenerative lesions, alleviating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, alleviating depression, alleviating anxiety, alleviating brain inflammation, alleviating dry eye, alleviating age-related macular degeneration, preventing and treating children's visual development problems, reducing retinopathy, reducing corneal problems, adolescent intelligence development, improving Alzheimer's disease and related symptoms and / or improving depression.

[0100] The fatty acids closely related to brain health are mainly Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA in Omega-3 fatty acids. These fatty acids play a key role in maintaining the structure and function of nerve cell membranes, promoting children's brain development, improving cognitive function, and anti-inflammation. It is particularly noteworthy that DHA is not only essential for brain health, but also an important component of retinal cells. It plays an important role in maintaining vision and preventing age-related eye diseases (such as macular degeneration). Omega-3 fatty acids are also particularly important for mood regulation and neuroprotection, helping to improve symptoms of depression and anxiety, and may prevent neurodegenerative diseases. Omega-6 fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid (AA), are also essential for brain and vision health and are a major component of nerve cell membranes and retinal cells.

[0101] Therefore, in the present disclosure, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids and cross the blood-brain barrier. After the fatty acids enter the user's body, they can produce many beneficial effects. Therefore, the composition can be used to prepare preparations with multiple functions.

[0102] In some cases, as previously mentioned, microalgae extracts themselves may also contain a certain amount of fatty acids, which can help increase fatty acid content in the brain. Therefore, when used in the preparation of multifunctional formulations, in addition to the microalgae extract's ability to promote fatty acid absorption and cross the blood-brain barrier, the microalgae extract itself can also exert certain synergistic effects.

[0103] In some examples, the composition can be used to prepare a preparation for preventing hypertension, preventing coronary heart disease, slowing the progression of heart failure, slowing the progression of atherosclerosis, promoting recovery after myocardial infarction, and / or promoting myocardial regeneration and recovery of cardiac function. In this case, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids by the human body, thereby helping to prevent hypertension, prevent coronary heart disease, slow the progression of heart failure, slow the progression of atherosclerosis, promote recovery after myocardial infarction, and promote myocardial regeneration and recovery of cardiac function.

[0104] Therefore, the present disclosure can also provide a composition for use in preparing a preparation for preventing hypertension, preventing coronary heart disease, slowing the progression of heart failure, slowing the progression of atherosclerosis, promoting recovery after myocardial infarction, and / or promoting myocardial regeneration and recovery of cardiac function. In addition, the present disclosure can also provide a composition for use in preventing hypertension, preventing coronary heart disease, slowing the progression of heart failure, slowing the progression of atherosclerosis, promoting recovery after myocardial infarction, and / or promoting myocardial regeneration and recovery of cardiac function.

[0105] In some examples, the composition can be used to prepare a formulation for enhancing brain cell growth regulation, improving cognitive function, promoting nutritional supplementation, inhibiting inflammation, and / or inhibiting apoptosis. In this case, the microalgae extract in the composition can promote the absorption of fatty acids by the human body, thereby helping to enhance brain cell growth regulation, improve cognitive function, promote nutritional supplementation, inhibit inflammation, and inhibit apoptosis.

[0106] Therefore, the present disclosure can also provide a composition for use in preparing a preparation for enhancing brain cell growth regulation, improving cognitive function, promoting nutritional supplementation, inhibiting inflammation, and / or inhibiting apoptosis. Furthermore, the present disclosure can also provide a composition for use in enhancing brain cell growth regulation, improving cognitive function, promoting nutritional supplementation, inhibiting inflammation, and / or inhibiting apoptosis.

[0107] In some examples of the present disclosure, the use of microalgae extracts and compositions can be for non-diagnostic purposes.

[0108] In some examples, the compositions provided herein containing microalgae extracts and fatty acids have the following effects:

[0109] (l) Improve cognitive dysfunction, including learning disabilities and memory loss;

[0110] (2) Alleviate neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease;

[0111] (3) Alleviate attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD);

[0112] (4) Relieve depression;

[0113] (5) Reduce anxiety;

[0114] (6) Reduce brain inflammation;

[0115] (7) Relieve dry eye symptoms;

[0116] (8) Alleviate age-related macular degeneration (AMD);

[0117] (9) Prevent and treat children’s vision development problems;

[0118] (10) Reduce retinal disease;

[0119] (11) Reduce corneal problems;

[0120] (12) Intellectual development of young people.

[0121] In addition, in some examples, the composition containing microalgae extract and fatty acid provided by the present invention has the following effects:

[0122] (l) Preventing hypertension;

[0123] (2) Prevent coronary heart disease;

[0124] (3) slowing the progression of heart failure;

[0125] (4) slowing down the progression of atherosclerosis;

[0126] (5) It helps in recovery after myocardial infarction and promotes myocardial regeneration and recovery of cardiac function.

[0127] Furthermore, the compositions containing microalgae extracts and fatty acids provided herein can also be used in Alzheimer's disease research. They can improve Alzheimer's disease and its associated symptoms. In other words, the present disclosure also provides the use of a microalgae extract in preparing a formulation for improving Alzheimer's disease and its associated symptoms.

[0128] In addition, the composition containing the microalgae extract and fatty acids provided by the present invention can also be used to improve depression. In other words, the present invention also provides a use of the microalgae extract in preparing a preparation for improving depression.

[0129] In addition, the composition containing the microalgae extract and fatty acids provided by the present invention can also provide sports nutrition, promote the absorption of DHA by the athlete's brain and improve sports performance.

[0130] In addition, the present disclosure also provides a method for preparing a composition, comprising the following steps: physically mixing fatty acids and microalgae extracts to obtain a composition. The fatty acids are fatty acids not inherent to the microalgae extract. The microalgae extract disclosed herein has the effect of promoting fatty acids to cross the blood-brain barrier, and simply physically mixing the fatty acids with the microalgae extract allows the composition to automatically synthesize hemolytic polar lipids after entering the small intestine and / or liver. Therefore, the present disclosure can provide a method for preparing a composition with a simple synthesis process, without the need for additional process additives, and can reduce the risk of solvent residues.

[0131] In summary, according to the present disclosure, a microalgae extract and a composition thereof that can promote fatty acid absorption and cross the blood-brain barrier can be provided.

[0132] The present disclosure utilizes microalgae extracts in combination with non-native fatty acids to enhance fatty acid absorption, specifically increasing total and targeted fatty acid levels in the heart and brain. In particular, the polar lipids in the microalgae extracts promote fatty acid absorption and cross the blood-brain barrier, thereby providing a therapeutic benefit for brain health issues and diseases caused by specific fatty acid deficiencies (i.e., the microalgae extracts can be used in formulations that enhance fatty acid uptake into the brain).

[0133] The microalgae extract disclosed in this disclosure is derived from a novel food ingredient, possesses high nutritional and medicinal value, and has no significant toxic side effects upon long-term consumption. It can be used to develop products for brain and eye health, such as those alleviating neurodegenerative diseases, depression, and age-related macular degeneration, thus possessing significant practical applications.

[0134] To further illustrate the present disclosure, the application of the microalgae extract and the composition thereof provided by the present disclosure is described in detail below with reference to the examples, and the beneficial effects achieved by the present disclosure are fully illustrated with reference to the comparative examples.

[0135] The microalgae extract used in the examples of this invention was prepared and provided by Xiaozao Technology (Anji) Co., Ltd. The remaining reagents were purchased from conventional raw materials. The microalgae extract preparation process is as follows: Flocculating, deflocculating, desalting, and drying Nannochloropsis spp. to obtain dried algae; contacting the dried algae with ethanol; and removing the ethanol to obtain the microalgae extract. The polar lipid content of the microalgae extract is approximately 80%-90%.

[0136] Example 1

[0137] Using corn oil as a solvent, the microalgae extract and the raw material containing 70% DHA were physically mixed to obtain the composition of Example 1, wherein the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the raw material containing 70% DHA was 1:2. The raw material containing 70% DHA was a commercially available refined microalgae oil raw material ( DHA refined microalgae oil, Xiaozao Technology (Anji) Co., Ltd.

[0138] Example 2

[0139] The microalgae extract and the raw material containing 70% DHA were physically mixed using corn oil as a solvent to obtain the composition of Example 2, wherein the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the raw material containing 70% DHA was 1:1.

[0140] Comparative Example 1

[0141] Corn oil was used as a solvent, and the microalgae extract was added. The mass of the added microalgae extract was the same as that in Example 1.

[0142] Comparative Example 2

[0143] Corn oil was used as a solvent, and the microalgae extract was added. The mass of the added microalgae extract was the same as that in Example 2.

[0144] Comparative Example 3

[0145] Corn oil was used as solvent and raw materials containing 70% DHA ( The mass of the raw material containing 70% DHA added was the same as that of the raw material containing 70% DHA in Example 1.

[0146] Comparative Example 4

[0147] Corn oil was used as a solvent, and krill oil was added. The krill oil was a commercially available product (Antarctic krill oil from Shandong Kangjing Marine Bioengineering Co., Ltd.).

[0148] Comparative Example 5

[0149] Corn oil is used as a solvent, and phosphatidylserine and a raw material containing 70% DHA are added and physically mixed, wherein the mass ratio of phosphatidylserine to the raw material containing 70% DHA is 1:1.

[0150] Efficacy verification experiment

[0151] A total of 40 three-month-old C57BL / 6 male mice were randomly divided into eight groups of five mice each and housed in an SPF-grade mouse facility. After one month of acclimation, the mice were gavage-fed. A blank control group, Example Groups 1-2, and Comparative Example Groups 1-5 were established, with each mouse receiving the test substances listed in Table 1 daily. Tissue and organ samples were collected after 15 days of gavage. After approximately 30 seconds of isoflurane anesthesia, the mice's brains were removed and placed in 1.5 ml polyethylene tubes. These tubes were labeled and quickly frozen in a mixture of dry ice and ethanol. The tubes were then frozen at -80°C until lipid extraction. Lipid extraction was performed as follows: 20-50 mg of each frozen organ sample was excised from each tube and placed in a new polyethylene tube. 800 μl of a pre-prepared 1:1 mixture of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and ethanol was added. The samples were ground in a multi-channel grinder (Selt Model SRT-24) for 1 minute. The samples were removed and exhibited a milky consistency. Add 400 microliters of chloroform to the test tube, shake the test tube for about 30 seconds to mix it thoroughly, and transfer the test tube to a centrifuge for centrifugation (5 minutes, 4 degrees Celsius, 18000xg). Then remove the test tube, discard the supernatant, and air-dry the remaining liquid. The solid thus separated is lipid, which is frozen and stored.

[0152] Table 1. Test substances administered orally to each experimental group

[0153] Fatty acid content detection

[0154] The sample was baked at 105°C for approximately 40 minutes. Once completely dry, it was removed and cooled to room temperature. The dried sample was weighed and placed in a hydrolysis tube. 0.25 mL of internal standard solution (2 mg / mL C11:0 methyl ester in methanol) was added. 5 mL of NaOH-methanol solution (2%, w / v) was added to the hydrolysis tube, nitrogen was flushed for 30 seconds, the tube was sealed with a stopper, and the hydrolysis was performed in an 80°C water bath for approximately 40 minutes. The sample was removed and allowed to cool. 10 mL of sulfuric acid-methanol solution (5%, w / v) was added to the hydrolysis tube, nitrogen was flushed for 30 seconds, the tube was sealed with a stopper, and the tube was placed in a boiling water bath for approximately 20 minutes. The sample was removed and allowed to cool. 5 mL of n-hexane was added to the hydrolysis tube, vortexed for 1 minute, and then 15 mL of water was added. The sample was allowed to stand for approximately 5 minutes. 1 mL of the upper n-hexane solution was filtered into a sample vial and analyzed by gas chromatography, with the peak area of ​​each fatty acid recorded. A mixed standard solution of fatty acid methyl esters of known concentrations was injected into a gas chromatograph and the peak area of ​​each fatty acid was recorded. The fatty acid content in the sample was calculated by comparing the peak areas of the standards at different concentrations in the standard curve. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0155] Table 2. Fatty acid content in brain tissue of experimental groups (%)

[0156] Note: Blank group vs. Example and Comparative Example, # means p < 0.05; ## means p < 0.01; ### means p < 0.001, #### means p < 0.0001;

[0157] Example 1 vs. Comparative Example, a is p<0.05; b is p<0.01; c is p<0.001; d is p<0.0001;

[0158] Example 2 vs. Comparative Example, e is p<0.05; f is p<0.01; g is p<0.001; h is p<0.0001;

[0159] Some data in Table 2 that showed no statistically significant differences were not comparable.

[0160] In order to further verify the efficacy of the microalgae extract in promoting fatty acid absorption, the blank group and the mice of Example 1 were selected to measure the fatty acid content in the heart. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0161] Table 3 Fatty acid content in heart tissue of experimental group (%)

[0162] Proteomics experiments

[0163] Protein Extraction and Assay: Samples were collected from frozen tissue samples, ground with liquid nitrogen, and placed in 1.5 mL centrifuge tubes. Lysis buffer, phosphatase inhibitors, and 1 mM PMSF were added, and the samples were ground using a cold grinder at -35°C. The ground samples were centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4°C, and the supernatant was collected. Protein concentration was determined using the BCA assay, and the protein solution was stored at -80°C.

[0164] Proteolysis and labeling: Depending on the protein concentration, 50 μg of protein was added with DTT to a final concentration of 5 mM and incubated at 55°C for 30 minutes. Iodoacetamide was then added to 10 mM at room temperature and protected from light for 15 minutes. Six times the amount of acetone was added and the sample was stored at -20°C for more than four hours. The precipitate was then collected by centrifugation at 8000 × g for 10 minutes. The precipitate was reconstituted with 200 mM TEAB and 1 / 50 the mass of 1 mg / mL Trypsin-TPCK was added. The sample was digested overnight at 37°C. After enzymatic digestion, the sample was lyophilized and TMT-labeled with 100 mM TEAB. The reaction was terminated with 5% hydroxylamine and lyophilized for storage.

[0165] Liquid chromatography separation: Samples were separated using an Agilent 1100 HPLC and a Zorbax Extend-C18 narrow-bore column. Samples were collected into centrifuge tubes within 8 to 54 minutes using the set gradient elution conditions and stored frozen.

[0166] Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis: Peptides were separated using an EASY-nLC 1200 system and analyzed on a Q Exactive HF mass spectrometer. The resolution and maximum injection time for the primary MS and MS / MS were set, and scans and data-dependent analysis were performed on the selected peptides.

[0167] Data processing and functional analysis: The mass spectrometry data were imported into Proteome Discoverer software for processing. Appropriate mass tolerance and modification were set, and statistical and bioinformatics analysis was performed on the differential proteins, including GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG pathway analysis, and protein interaction network construction based on the string database. The proteomics results are shown in Figures 2 to 4, and Table 4. Figure 2 is a volcano plot showing the proteomics and bioinformatics analysis of Example 1 and the blank group involved in the examples of the present disclosure; Figure 3 is a heat map showing the proteomics and bioinformatics analysis of Example 1 and the blank group involved in the examples of the present disclosure; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the pathways identified by GO enrichment analysis of the proteomics and bioinformatics analysis of Example 1 and the blank group involved in the examples of the present disclosure.

[0168] Table 4 Comparison of up-regulated and down-regulated signaling pathways and their effects between Example 1 and the blank group

[0169] Analysis of efficacy verification results

[0170] The results of the blank group and comparative examples 3-5 show that there is no significant difference in the content of DHA and other fatty acids in the mouse cerebral cortex. This shows that supplementing with DHA, krill oil, or DHA in combination with phosphatidylserine alone cannot effectively enhance DHA's ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. However, Examples 1 and 2, especially Example 1, can significantly increase the content of total fatty acids and several important fatty acids in brain tissue, such as palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3, DHA), and arachidonic acid (C20:4n6). This shows that mixing the microalgae extract with a raw material containing fatty acids can promote the passage of fatty acids through the blood-brain barrier and significantly increase the total fatty acid and target fatty acid content in the brain.

[0171] Comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 4, significant differences were observed in increasing the fatty acid content, particularly DHA, in brain tissue. This suggests that the polar lipids in microalgae extract are more effective than the phospholipids in krill oil in promoting DHA cross-brain barrier transport. This may be because microalgae extract contains more hemolytic polar lipids, while krill oil primarily contains phosphatidylcholine (PC). The EPA and DHA in krill oil are located at the SN2 position of phosphatidylcholine (PC). Therefore, during digestion, pancreatic phospholipase A2 converts them into free fatty acids, DHA and EPA, and prevents the formation of LPC-EPA or LPC-DHA, which are required for transport across the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, consuming krill oil does not significantly enrich EPA and DHA in the brain. Only pretreatment of krill oil with a lipase specific for SN1 ester bonds can generate LPC-EPA and LPC-DHA, leading to their enrichment in the brain. Compared with PC, hemolytic polar lipids can be transported without the need for phospholipase A2 (PLA2) to convert them into LPC, and are therefore more likely to cross the blood-brain barrier by binding to the active transport protein Mfsd2a.

[0172] Comparing the blank group and comparative example 5, it can be seen that the fatty acid content in comparative example 5, in which phosphatidylserine and a raw material containing 70% DHA are directly physically mixed, does not increase but decreases compared with the blank group, indicating that the direct physical mixing of non-chemically bonded phosphatidylserine and fatty acids is not effective.

[0173] Furthermore, Example 1 significantly increased total fatty acids and target fatty acids in brain tissue compared to Example 2. When the ratio of microalgae extract to a 70% DHA-containing raw material was 0.5:1, the increase in fatty acid content in the mouse brain, particularly DHA, was more significant than when the ratio was 1:1. This suggests that a higher amount of carrier is not necessarily associated with better results when crossing the blood-brain barrier.

[0174] In addition, as can be seen from Table 3, compared with the blank group, the content of each fatty acid and total fatty acid in Example 1 has an increasing trend, which verifies that the composition has the potential to increase the content of each fatty acid and total fatty acid in the heart. Since the fatty acids increased in the heart in Example 1 are mainly unsaturated fatty acids, this has the following health benefits for the function of the heart: (1) Lowering cholesterol levels: Unsaturated fatty acids, especially Omega-3 fatty acids, help to lower the level of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, thereby reducing the risk of heart disease. (2) Anti-inflammatory effect: Omega-3 fatty acids are converted into anti-inflammatory substances in the body, which help to reduce the inflammatory response of the cardiovascular system. (3) Lowering blood pressure: Unsaturated fatty acids, especially Omega-3 fatty acids, have been shown to help lower blood pressure, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. (4) Reducing thrombosis: Unsaturated fatty acids can reduce the coagulability in the blood and reduce the risk of thrombosis. The beneficial effects of the composition on the heart indicate that it has a beneficial effect in preventing hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, etc.

[0175] Proteomics results analysis

[0176] Example 1 demonstrated elevated levels of fatty acid content in the brain following ingestion of a microalgae extract and DHA mixture. To further analyze changes in brain protein expression, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of Example 1 and a control group using mouse brain samples. Screening for differentially expressed proteins in the brain revealed three proteins that were significantly downregulated and eleven proteins that were significantly upregulated. Figures 2 and 3 display the relative differences in these proteins using volcano plots and heat maps, respectively. Gene oncology analysis revealed that these proteins were associated with the 13 pathways shown in Figure 4. Changes in pathway activity, both increased and decreased, are shown in Table 4. Compared to the control group, Example 1 not only increased the activity of certain transmembrane transport pathways but also promoted cell growth, reduced tissue inflammation, and inhibited apoptosis. Furthermore, Table 4 lists enhanced retinol metabolism levels as determined by KEGG analysis. Overall, these data support the efficacy of the microalgae extract and DHA mixture in improving brain lipid metabolism and promoting brain health, primarily through enhanced cell growth regulation, improved cognitive function, nutritional support, inhibition of inflammation, and suppression of apoptosis.

[0177] These results demonstrate that microalgae extracts can enhance fatty acid absorption and promote the cross-border transport of essential fatty acids across the blood-brain barrier at approximately equal levels. These increases maintain a consistent ratio of fatty acid content, without altering brain lipid composition, and thus contribute to maintaining brain lipid homeostasis. Furthermore, compositions containing microalgae extracts and fatty acids have the potential to increase the levels of individual and total fatty acids in the heart.

[0178] In summary, the present invention can provide a microalgae extract and its composition that can promote fatty acid absorption and cross the blood-brain barrier. By combining the microalgae extract disclosed herein with fatty acids, it can help promote the user's absorption of fatty acids, especially increase the fatty acid content in the heart and brain.

[0179] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, it will be understood that the above description does not limit the present disclosure in any form. Those skilled in the art may modify and change the present disclosure as needed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. Use of a microalgae extract in promoting fatty acid absorption and / or fatty acid crossing the blood-brain barrier, characterized in that, The microalgae extract contains polar lipids, and the proportion of the polar lipids in the microalgae extract is 30% to 99.9%. The fatty acid is not the fatty acid inherent in the microalgae extract.

2. The application according to claim 1, wherein the microalgae extract contains phospholipids, glycolipids and / or betaine esters.

3. The application according to claim 1, wherein the microalgae extract is used after being physically mixed with a raw material containing a fatty acid or a lipid derivative containing a fatty acid. The mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acid in the raw material is (1 to 50):(1 to 50). The fatty acid is any one or more of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n6).

4. The application according to claim 1, wherein the microalgae extract is used after being physically mixed with a raw material containing a fatty acid or a lipid derivative containing a fatty acid. The mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acid in the raw material is (1 to 50):(1 to 50). The lipid derivative is selected from any one or more of glyceride-type fatty acids, ethyl ester-type fatty acids, phospholipid-type fatty acids, glycolipid-type fatty acids, sterol ester-type fatty acids and / or sphingolipid-type fatty acids.

5. The application according to claim 1, wherein the microalgae extract is derived from cyanobacteria, green algae or red algae.

6. The application according to claim 1, wherein the microalgae extract is derived from any one or more of Nannochloropsis, Heterogloea, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Nitzschia closterium, Haematococcus pluvialis, Euglena, Spirulina, Nostoc sphaeroides, Chlorella, Dunaliella salina and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

7. Use of a microalgae extract in increasing the fatty acid content in the heart, characterized in that, The microalgae extract contains polar lipids, and the proportion of the polar lipids in the microalgae extract is 30% to 99.9%. The fatty acid is not the fatty acid inherent in the microalgae extract.

8. The application according to claim 7, wherein the microalgae extract contains phospholipids, glycolipids and / or betaine esters.

9. The application according to claim 7, wherein the microalgae extract is used after being physically mixed with a raw material containing a fatty acid or a lipid derivative containing a fatty acid. The mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acid in the raw material is (1 to 50):(1 to 50). The fatty acid is any one or more of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n6).

10. The application according to claim 7, wherein the microalgae extract is used after being physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids, and the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1-50):(1-50). The lipid derivatives are selected from any one or more of glyceride-type fatty acids, ethyl ester-type fatty acids, phospholipid-type fatty acids, glycolipid-type fatty acids, sterol ester-type fatty acids, and / or sphingolipid-type fatty acids.

11. The application according to claim 7, wherein the microalgae extract is derived from cyanobacteria, green algae or red algae.

12. The application according to claim 7, wherein the microalgae extract is derived from any one or more of Nannochloropsis, Heterogloea, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Nitzschia closterium, Haematococcus pluvialis, Euglena, Spirulina, Nostoc sphaeroides, Chlorella, Dunaliella salina and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

13. Use of a microalgae extract in increasing the fatty acid content in the brain, characterized in that, The microalgae extract contains polar lipids, and the proportion of the polar lipids in the microalgae extract is 30% to 99.9%. The fatty acids are not the fatty acids inherent in the microalgae extract.

14. The application according to claim 13, wherein the microalgae extract contains phospholipids, glycolipids and / or betaine esters.

15. The application according to claim 13, wherein the microalgae extract is used after being physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids, and the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1-50):(1-50). The fatty acids are any one or more of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n6).

16. The application according to claim 13, wherein the microalgae extract is used after being physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids, and the mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1-50):(1-50). The lipid derivatives are selected from any one or more of glyceride-type fatty acids, ethyl ester-type fatty acids, phospholipid-type fatty acids, glycolipid-type fatty acids, sterol ester-type fatty acids, and / or sphingolipid-type fatty acids.

17. The application according to claim 13, wherein the microalgae extract is derived from cyanobacteria, green algae or red algae.

18. The application according to claim 13, wherein the microalgae extract is derived from any one or more of Nannochloropsis, Heterogloea, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Nitzschia closterium, Haematococcus pluvialis, Euglena, Spirulina, Nostoc sphaeroides, Chlorella, Dunaliella salina and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

19. A composition, characterized in that, Comprising a microalgae extract and fatty acids not inherent in the microalgae extract, the microalgae extract contains polar lipids, and the proportion of the polar lipids in the microalgae extract is 30% to 99.9%.

20. The composition according to claim 19, wherein the microalgae extract contains phospholipids, glycolipids and / or betaine esters.

21. The composition according to claim 19, wherein the microalgae extract is used after being physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids. The mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1-50):(1-50). The fatty acids are any one or more of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n6).

22. The composition according to claim 19, wherein the microalgae extract is used after being physically mixed with a raw material containing fatty acids or lipid derivatives containing fatty acids. The mass ratio of the microalgae extract to the fatty acids in the raw material is (1-50):(1-50). The lipid derivatives are any one or more of glyceride-type fatty acids, ethyl ester-type fatty acids, phospholipid-type fatty acids, glycolipid-type fatty acids, sterol ester-type fatty acids and / or sphingolipid-type fatty acids.

23. The composition according to claim 19, wherein the microalgae extract is derived from cyanobacteria, green algae or red algae.

24. The composition according to claim 19, wherein the microalgae extract is derived from any one or more of Nannochloropsis, Heterogloea, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Nitzschia closterium, Haematococcus pluvialis, Euglena, Spirulina, Nostoc sphaeroides, Chlorella, Dunaliella salina and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

25. The composition according to claim 19, wherein the composition is a food, a medicine, a health product, an animal nutrition or a veterinary drug, and the composition further contains excipients permitted to be used by the regulations of pharmaceutics, ordinary food, health food or special medical food.

26. The composition according to claim 19, characterized in that, The composition is applied to the preparation of a preparation for improving brain function and / or improving eye function.

27. The composition according to claim 19, wherein the preparation for improving brain function includes any one or more of a preparation for improving cognitive dysfunction, relieving neurodegenerative diseases, reducing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, relieving depression, reducing anxiety, reducing brain inflammation, developing the intelligence of children and adolescents, improving Alzheimer's disease and its related symptoms, and improving depression.

28. The composition according to claim 19, wherein the preparation for improving eye function includes any one or more of a preparation for reducing dry eye, reducing retinopathy, reducing corneal problems, reducing age-related macular degeneration, and preventing and treating children's visual development problems.

29. The composition according to claim 19, wherein The composition is used in the preparation of a preparation for preventing hypertension, preventing coronary heart disease, slowing down the progression of heart failure, slowing down the progression of atherosclerosis, promoting recovery after myocardial infarction, and / or promoting myocardial regeneration and recovery of cardiac function.

30. The composition according to claim 19, wherein The composition is used in the preparation of a preparation for enhancing the regulation of brain cell growth, improving cognitive function, promoting nutritional supplementation, inhibiting inflammation and / or inhibiting apoptosis.

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