Vehicular window glass

Abstract

The present invention provides vehicular window glass that makes it possible to achieve sufficient antenna gain while suppressing an increase in the area of a coating-removed region. Vehicular window glass (10) according to the present disclosure is attached to an opening of a vehicle which has an antenna mounted in the cabin thereof. The vehicular window glass (10) is at least one of a windshield (1) and rear glass (2). At least one of the windshield (1) and the rear glass (2) is provided with a first glass plate body (6) which is covered by a first conductive film (7). The first glass plate body (6) is provided with a coating-removed region (6B) where at least a portion of the first conductive film (7) has been removed.

Description

Vehicle window glass

[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE The present disclosure relates to vehicle glazings.

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a vehicle window glass having a transparent conductive film formed on substantially the entire surface. A film notch is formed in a part of the transparent conductive film. An antenna receives radio waves transmitted through the film notch.

[0003] Patent No. 3971966

[0004] The inventors of the present application have discovered the following technical problem. One example of the above-mentioned vehicle window glass is a vehicle window glass including a windshield, rear glass, and side glass, all of which are covered with a conductive film. Furthermore, in order to suppress the reduction in radio wave transmittance caused by the conductive film and ensure antenna gain, the vehicle window glass may be provided with a decoating region in which part of the conductive film is removed. However, increasing the area of ​​the decoating region leads to increased manufacturing costs.

[0005] The present disclosure has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a vehicle window glass that can obtain sufficient antenna gain while suppressing an increase in the area of ​​the decoating region.

[0006] A vehicle window glass according to the present disclosure is a vehicle window glass attached to an opening of a vehicle equipped with an antenna inside the vehicle cabin, the vehicle window glass being at least one of a windshield and a rear glass, at least one of the windshield and the rear glass comprising a first glass plate covered with a first conductive film, the first glass plate comprising a decoating area in at least a part of the first conductive film where the first conductive film has been removed, when the windshield and the rear glass are attached to the vehicle and at least one of the windshield and the rear glass are viewed facing each other from a horizontal direction, a height H of the decoating area is equal to or greater than a height OH of an opening surface of the antenna, and a width W of the decoating area is equal to or greater than a wavelength λ of an electromagnetic wave passing through the decoating area. ０ This is more than 10 times the amount.

[0007] A vehicle window glass according to the present disclosure is a vehicle window glass attached to an opening of a vehicle equipped with an antenna inside the vehicle cabin, the vehicle window glass being at least one of a windshield and a rear glass, at least one of the windshield and the rear glass comprising a first glass plate covered with a first conductive film, the first glass plate comprising a decoating area in at least a part of the first conductive film where the first conductive film has been removed, when the windshield and the rear glass are attached to the vehicle and at least one of the windshield and the rear glass are viewed facing each other from a horizontal direction, a height H of the decoating area is the ratio of a height OH of the opening plane of the antenna to a wavelength λ of an electromagnetic wave passing through the decoating area. ０ and the width W of the decoating region is equal to or greater than the sum of the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave passing through the decoating region. ０ This is more than 2.5 times the amount.

[0008] According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a vehicle window glass that can obtain a sufficient antenna gain while suppressing an increase in the area of ​​the decoating region.

[0009] 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a configuration of a vehicle window glass according to an embodiment; a front view showing an example of a configuration of a windshield according to an embodiment; a schematic diagram showing a cross section of the example of a configuration of a vehicle window glass taken along the cutting line III-III shown in FIG. 1; a schematic diagram showing a cross section of a first modified example of a windshield and a rear glass taken along the cutting line III-III; a schematic diagram showing a cross section of a second modified example of a windshield and a rear glass taken along the cutting line III-III; a schematic diagram showing a cross section of a third modified example of a windshield and a rear glass taken along the cutting line III-III; a schematic diagram showing a cross section of an example of a configuration of a right side glass and a left side glass taken along the cutting line VII-VII; a front view showing a modified example of a windshield according to an embodiment; a schematic diagram showing an example of a frequency selective surface according to an embodiment; a schematic diagram showing a first example of a unit area of ​​a frequency selective surface according to an embodiment; a schematic diagram showing a modified example of the first example of a unit area of ​​a frequency selective surface according to an embodiment; a schematic diagram showing another modified example of the first example of a unit area of ​​a frequency selective surface according to an embodiment; a schematic diagram showing a second example of a unit area of ​​a frequency selective surface according to an embodiment; 10 is a schematic diagram showing a third example of a unit area of ​​a frequency selective surface according to an embodiment. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a fourth example of a unit area of ​​a frequency selective surface according to an embodiment. FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a fifth example of a unit area of ​​a frequency selective surface according to an embodiment. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a sixth example of a unit area of ​​a frequency selective surface according to an embodiment. FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing a seventh example of a unit area of ​​a frequency selective surface according to an embodiment. FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing an eighth example of a unit area of ​​a frequency selective surface according to an embodiment. FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing the position of an antenna attached to the front side of a vehicle. FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing the position of an antenna attached to the rear side of a vehicle. FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a radiation pattern of radio waves according to Example 1. FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a radiation pattern of radio waves according to Example 2. FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a radiation pattern of radio waves according to Example 3. FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a radiation pattern of radio waves according to Example 4. FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a radiation pattern of radio waves according to Example 5. FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the angular range of a calculated average gain. FIG. 24 is a standard value W / λ according to Example 26. ０ 10 is a graph showing the average gain AG versus the standard value W / λ according to Example 7. ０10 is a graph showing the average gain AG versus distance G1. FIG. 11 is a graph showing the width P1 versus distance G1 according to Example 8. FIG. 12 is a graph showing the width P1 versus distance G1 according to Example 8. FIG. 13 is a graph showing the width P1 versus distance G1 according to Example 9. FIG. 14 is a graph showing the width P1 versus distance G1 according to Example 9. FIG. 15 is a graph showing the width P2 versus line width W2 according to Example 10. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the radiation pattern of radio waves according to a reference example. FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the radiation pattern of radio waves according to Comparative Example 1. FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the radiation pattern of radio waves according to Comparative Example 2. ０ 10 is a graph showing the average gain AG versus

[0010] Hereinafter, specific embodiments to which the present invention is applied will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. In addition, the following description and drawings have been simplified as appropriate for clarity of explanation.

[0011] (Embodiment) <Configuration Example> An example configuration of a vehicle window glass according to an embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 3. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example configuration of a vehicle window glass according to an embodiment. Figure 2 is a front view showing an example configuration of a windshield according to an embodiment. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of the example configuration of a vehicle window glass taken along the section line III-III shown in Figure 1.

[0012] It should be understood that the three-dimensional coordinates shown in Figure 1 and other drawings are for the convenience of explaining the positional relationships of the components. Generally, the positive direction of the UP axis is above the vehicle MM, the positive direction of the FR axis is forward of the vehicle MM, and the positive direction of the LH axis is to the left of the vehicle MM, and these are common to all drawings. The FR axis extends in the fore-and-aft direction of the vehicle MM, and the LH axis extends in the width direction of the vehicle MM.

[0013] As shown in Figure 1, a vehicle window glass 10 includes a windshield 1 and a rear glass 2. The windshield 1 is attached to a front opening of the vehicle MM. The rear glass 2 is attached to a rear opening of the vehicle MM. At least one of the windshield 1 and the rear glass 2 includes a glass plate covered with a conductive film. The glass plate includes a decoated area where at least a portion of the conductive film has been removed.

[0014] At least one of antenna A1 and antenna A2 is installed in vehicle MM. Antenna A1 is preferably provided on or near the upper edge surface of windshield 1. Antenna A2 is preferably provided on or near the upper edge surface of rear window 2. Antenna A1 may also be provided on or near the lower edge surface of windshield 1. Antenna A2 may also be provided on or near the lower edge surface of rear window 2. Antennas A1 and A2 can be used to transmit and receive radio waves in high frequency bands such as microwaves and millimeter waves (e.g., 0.3 GHz to 300 GHz, particularly 10 GHz or higher, e.g., bands including 28 GHz and 39 GHz). Specifically, antennas A1 and A2 can be applied to, but are not limited to, V2X communication systems, fifth-generation mobile communication systems (so-called 5G), and in-vehicle radar systems. An example of a V2X communication system is an ETC (Electronic Toll Collection) system. At least one of the antenna A1 and the antenna A2 may be a patch antenna, a dipole antenna, or the like.

[0015] The windshield 11 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is a specific example of the windshield 1. The windshield 11 includes a glass plate 6 (also referred to as a first glass plate) covered with a conductive film 7 (also referred to as a first conductive film). The conductive film 7 covers the surface of the glass plate 6 facing the vehicle interior side (IS). The conductive film 7 may be, for example, a heat-reflecting film, a low-E (low emissivity) film, a metal film such as an Ag film, a metal oxide film such as an ITO (indium tin oxide) film, or a resin film containing conductive particles. The glass plate 6 includes a decoating region 6B in which at least a portion of the conductive film 7 has been removed from the glass plate 6. In an example of the decoating region 6B shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the entire conductive film 7 is removed from the glass plate 6. Note that in the decoating region 6B, only a portion of the conductive film 7 may be removed from the glass plate 6. The glass plate 6 may have a covered area 6A whose entire surface is covered with the conductive film 7 .

[0016] As shown in FIG. 3 , the glass plate 6 is attached to the front opening of the vehicle MM at a predetermined installation angle θ with respect to a horizontal plane HS (here, a plane parallel to the plane including the FR axis and the LH axis). While there is no particular upper limit to the thickness (T) of the glass plate 6, for example, a single pane of glass for a vehicle typically has a thickness of 5 mm or less. Furthermore, if the glass plate 6 is a laminated glass 60 having a structure in which two glass plates 61 and 63 are laminated, the thickness of the glass plate 63 located on the exterior side (OF) of the vehicle and the thickness of the glass plate 61 located on the interior side (IS) of the vehicle may be the same as or different from the thickness of the glass plate 61. The glass plate 61 is positioned closer to the interior side (IS) than the glass plate 63. The thickness of the glass plate 63 is preferably 1.0 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less. A thickness of 1.0 mm or more for the glass plate 63 provides sufficient strength for stone chip resistance, while a thickness of 3.0 mm or less prevents the laminated glass 60 from becoming too heavy, which is preferable in terms of fuel economy of the vehicle MM. The thickness of the glass plate 61 is preferably 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less. A thickness of 0.3 mm or more for the glass plate 61 improves handling, while a thickness of 2.3 mm or less prevents the laminated glass 60 from becoming too heavy. Preferably, the thicknesses of the glass plates 61 and 63 are each 1.8 mm or less, which allows the laminated glass 60 to achieve both lightweight and sound insulation. When the thickness of the glass plate 61 is 1.0 mm or less, the glass plate 61 may be chemically strengthened glass. If the glass plate 61 is chemically strengthened glass, the compressive stress value of the glass surface is preferably 300 MPa or more, and the depth of the compressive stress layer is preferably 2 μm or more. The laminated glass 60 further includes an interlayer film 62 (also referred to as a first interlayer film). The glass plates 61 and 63 are preferably bonded together via an intermediate film 62. The intermediate film 62 may be a known thermoplastic resin film made of, for example, polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). The intermediate film 62 may be transparent or colored. The intermediate film 62 may also be made up of two or more layers.

[0017] The glass plates 61, 63 may be made of inorganic glass or organic glass. Examples of inorganic glass that can be used include, without particular limitation, soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, and quartz glass. Among these, soda-lime glass is particularly preferred from the viewpoints of manufacturing cost and formability. The forming method of the glass plates 61, 63 is not particularly limited. For example, when the glass plates 61, 63 are made of inorganic glass, the glass plates 61, 63 are preferably formed by a float method or the like.

[0018] The composition of the glass constituting the glass plates 61 and 63 is not particularly limited. The composition of the glass is expressed in mole percent based on oxides, for example, SiO ２ 50-80% of B ２ O ３ 0 to 10%, Al ２ O ３ 0.1 to 25%, Li ２ O, Na ２ O and K ２ O, 0 to 25% MgO, 0 to 25% CaO, 0 to 5% SrO, 0 to 5% BaO, ZrO ２ 0 to 5% and SnO ２ It is preferable that the content be 0 to 5%.

[0019] The glass plate 6 may have a curved shape such that the exterior OF side is convex when attached to the vehicle MM. The glass plate 6 may have a single-bend shape bent in only one direction, or may have a compound-bend shape bent in two directions (for example, the UP axis direction and the LH axis direction when the glass plate 6 is attached to the vehicle MM). Gravity forming, press forming, roller forming, or the like is used to bend the glass plate 6. When the glass plate 6 is bent to a predetermined curvature, the radius of curvature of the glass plate 6 may be 1,000 mm or more and 100,000 mm or less.

[0020] The glass plates 61, 63 may be either untempered glass or tempered glass. Untempered glass is produced by forming molten glass into a plate shape and annealing it. Tempered glass is produced by forming a compressive stress layer on the surface of untempered glass, and may be either air-cooled tempered glass or chemically tempered glass. When the glass plates 61, 63 are physically tempered glass (e.g., air-cooled tempered glass), the glass surface may be tempered by generating a compressive stress layer on the glass surface due to a temperature difference between the glass surface and the interior of the glass through an operation other than annealing, such as rapidly cooling a glass plate uniformly heated during bending from a temperature near its softening point. When the glass plates 61, 63 are chemically tempered glass, the glass surface may be tempered by generating compressive stress on the glass surface using an ion exchange method or the like after bending.

[0021] Glass that absorbs ultraviolet or infrared rays may be used for the glass plates 61 and 63. The glass plates 61 and 63 are preferably transparent, but may be colored to the extent that their transparency is not impaired.

[0022] The decoating area 6B may be provided with a frequency selective surface (FSS (Frequency Selective Surface)) that transmits electromagnetic waves of a predetermined frequency band. The frequency selective surface has, for example, slots on the surface of a conductor, and the pattern of the slots allows radio waves of a predetermined frequency to selectively pass through. The openings do not contain a conductor and expose the surface of the glass plate 6. This allows the specific frequencies to be transmitted and received to and from the antennas A1 and A2 to be selected within a more desired range. The frequency selective surface will be described later.

[0023] 2, when the windshield 11 is viewed from the front, in other words, when the windshield 11 is viewed from the front of the vehicle MM, the height H of the decoating area 6B is preferably equal to or greater than the height OH of the opening of the antenna A1. The height H of the decoating area 6B is determined based on the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic waves passing through the decoating area 6B. ０ The height H of the decoating region 6B is preferably 16 times or less, more preferably 10.7 times or less, and even more preferably 8 times or less. ０16 times or less, height OH or more wavelength λ ０ or less than 10.7 times the height OH or more than the wavelength λ ０ The width W of the decoating region 6B is preferably equal to or less than eight times the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave passing through the decoating region 16B. ０ The width W of the decoating region 6B is preferably 10 times or more of the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave passing through the decoating region 6B. ０ The width W of the decoating region 6B is preferably 24.4 times or less, more preferably 16.3 times or less, and even more preferably 12.2 times or less. ０ 10 times or more and 24.4 times or less, wavelength λ ０ 10 times or more and 16.3 times or less, or wavelength λ ０ The width H of the decoating region 6B may be 10 times or more and 12.2 times or less. While the exemplary shape of the decoating region 6B shown in FIG. 2 is rectangular, the shape of the decoating region 6B is not particularly limited. The shape of the decoating region 6B may be, for example, polygonal, rectangular, elliptical, or the like. The decoating region 6B may ensure radio wave transparency while keeping the height H lower than the width W. Note that when the shape of the decoating region 6B is a shape other than rectangular, such as polygonal, rectangular, elliptical, or the like, the height H of the decoating region 6B is the maximum height, and the width W of the decoating region 6B is the maximum width.

[0024] Although the conductive film 7 covers the surface of the glass plate 6 facing the interior IS side of the vehicle, if the glass plate 6 is a laminated glass 60, it is preferable to cover at least one of the surface of the glass plate 61 facing the interior IS side of the vehicle, the surface of the glass plate 61 facing the exterior OF side of the vehicle, and the surface of the glass plate 63 facing the interior IS side of the vehicle. Each modified example of the windshield 1 will be described below.

[0025] The windshield 21 shown in Fig. 4 is a first modified example of the windshield 1. The windshield 21 has the same configuration as the windshield 11 shown in Fig. 3, except that the conductive film 7 covers the entire surface of the laminated glass 60 on the IS side of the vehicle interior. The laminated glass 60 may have a covered area 6A in which the entire surface on the IS side of the vehicle interior is covered with the conductive film 7.

[0026] The windshield 31 shown in Fig. 5 is a second modified example of the windshield 1. The windshield 31 has the same configuration as the windshield 11 shown in Fig. 3, except that it has a conductive film 17 instead of the conductive film 7. The conductive film 17 covers the surface of the glass plate 63 on the side facing the interior side of the vehicle.

[0027] A windshield 41 shown in Fig. 6 is a third modified example of the windshield 1. The windshield 41 has the same configuration as the windshield 11 shown in Fig. 3, except that it further includes a conductive film 17.

[0028] Furthermore, in the windshield 11 and the windshield 21, the conductive film 7 may be disposed on at least one of the exterior OF side of the glass sheet 61 of the laminated glass 60, the interior IS side of the glass sheet 63, and the interior IS side of the glass sheet 63. The conductive film 7 may cover at least one of the exterior OF side of the glass sheet 61, the interior IS side of the glass sheet 61, and the interior IS side of the glass sheet 63. Specifically, the conductive film 7 may be disposed on the interior IS side of the glass sheets 61 and 63 of the laminated glass 60, and may cover the interior IS side of the glass sheets 61 and 63. The conductive film 7 may be disposed on the exterior OF side of the glass sheet 61 of the laminated glass 60, and may cover the exterior OF side of the glass sheet 61. The conductive film 7 may be disposed on the exterior OF side and the interior IS side of the glass sheet 61 of the laminated glass 60, and may cover the exterior OF side and the interior IS side of the glass sheet 61. The conductive film 7 may also be arranged on the exterior OF side of the glass plate 61 of the laminated glass 60 and on the interior IS side of the glass plate 63, and preferably covers the exterior OF side of the glass plate 61 and the interior IS side of the glass plate 63. The conductive film 7 may also be arranged on the exterior OF side of the glass plate 61 of the laminated glass 60 and on the interior IS side of the glass plate 63, and preferably covers the exterior OF side of the glass plate 61 of the laminated glass 60 and the interior IS side of the glass plate 63.

[0029] The rear glass 12 shown in FIG. 3 is a specific example of the rear glass 2. The rear glass 12 includes a glass plate 26 covered with a conductive film 27 (also referred to as a third conductive film). The conductive film 27 covers the surface of the glass plate 26 facing the interior side of the vehicle. The conductive film 27 may cover the entire surface of the glass plate 26 facing the interior side of the vehicle. The conductive film 27 may have the same configuration as the conductive film 7. The glass plate 26 may have a covered area 26A whose entire surface is covered with the conductive film 27. The glass plate 26 may be a single glass plate, i.e., a single-pane glass or a laminated glass. Specifically, the glass plate 26 may be made of a single-pane tempered glass. The glass plate 26 is attached to the rear opening of the vehicle MM at a predetermined installation angle θ2 with respect to the horizontal plane HS. The glass plate 26 has a thickness T2.

[0030] The rear glass 22 shown in Fig. 4 is a first modified example of the rear glass 2. The rear glass 22 has the same configuration as the rear glass 12 shown in Fig. 3 except that the glass plate 26 has a decoating region 26B. In the decoating region 26B, at least a portion of the conductive film 27 is removed from the glass plate 26.

[0031] The rear glass 32 shown in FIG. 5 is a second modified example of the rear glass 2. The rear glass 32 has the same configuration as the rear glass 12 shown in FIG. 3 except for the inclusion of a laminated glass 260 and the position of the conductive film 27. The laminated glass 260 may have the same configuration as the laminated glass 60. The laminated glass 260 includes a glass plate 61 (also referred to as a fourth glass plate), a glass plate 63 (also referred to as a third glass plate), and an interlayer film (also referred to as a second interlayer film). The conductive film 27 covers the surface of the glass plate 63 facing the interior IS side of the vehicle. The conductive film 27 may cover the entire surface of the glass plate 63 facing the interior IS side of the vehicle.

[0032] The rear glass 42 shown in Fig. 6 is a third modified example of the rear glass 2. The rear glass 42 has the same configuration as the rear glass 32 shown in Fig. 5, except that the laminated glass 260 has a decoating region 26B. In the decoating region 26B, at least a portion of the conductive film 27 is removed from the laminated glass 260.

[0033] Furthermore, in the rear glass 32 and the rear glass 42, the conductive film 27 may be disposed on at least one of the exterior OR side of the glass plate 61 of the laminated glass 260, the interior IS side of the glass plate 63, and the interior IS side of the glass plate 63. The conductive film 27 may cover at least one of the exterior OR side of the glass plate 61, the interior IS side of the glass plate 61, and the interior IS side of the glass plate 63. Specifically, the conductive film 27 may be disposed on the interior IS side of the glass plate 61 and the glass plate 63 of the laminated glass 260, and may cover the interior IS side of the glass plate 61 and the glass plate 63. The conductive film 27 may be disposed on the exterior OR side of the glass plate 61 of the laminated glass 260, and may cover the exterior OR side of the glass plate 61. The conductive film 27 may also be arranged on the exterior OR side and interior IS side surfaces of the glass plate 61 of the laminated glass 260, and preferably covers the exterior OR side and interior IS side surfaces of the glass plate 61. The conductive film 27 may also be arranged on the exterior OR side of the glass plate 61 and interior IS side surfaces of the glass plate 63 of the laminated glass 260, and preferably covers the exterior OR side of the glass plate 61 and the interior IS side surfaces of the glass plate 63. The conductive film 27 may also be arranged on the exterior OR side of the glass plate 61 of the laminated glass 260, and interior IS side surfaces of the glass plate 63, and preferably covers the exterior OR side of the glass plate 61, interior IS side surfaces of the glass plate 63.

[0034] The combination of each windshield 1, 11, 21, 31, 41 and each rear glass 2, 12, 32, 43 in the vehicle window glass 10 may include at least one of the decoating area 6B and the decoating area 26B. The combinations are not limited to those shown in Figures 3 to 6, and are diverse.

[0035] The vehicle window glass 10 may further include a left side window 3 and a right side window 4. The left side window 3 is attached to a left opening of the vehicle MM. The right side window 4 is attached to a right opening of the vehicle MM.

[0036] The left side window 3 may have the same configuration as the rear window 2, 12, 22, 32, 42. For example, the left side window 3 may include a glass plate 36 (also referred to as a second glass plate) covered with a conductive film 37. The conductive film 37 covers the surface of the glass plate 36 facing the interior side of the vehicle. The conductive film 37 may cover the entire surface of the glass plate 36 facing the interior side of the vehicle. The conductive film 37 may have the same configuration as the conductive film 7. The glass plate 36 may have a covered area 36A whose entire surface is covered with the conductive film 37. The glass plate 36 may be single-pane glass or laminated glass. The single-pane glass may be single-pane tempered glass. The glass plate 36 is attached to the left opening of the vehicle MM at a predetermined installation angle θ3 with respect to the horizontal plane HS. The glass plate 36 has a thickness T3.

[0037] The right side window 4, like the left side window 3, may have the same configuration as the rear window 2, 12, 22, 32, 42. For example, the right side window 4 may include a glass plate 46 (also referred to as a second glass plate) covered with a conductive film 47. The conductive film 47 covers the surface of the glass plate 46 facing the interior side of the vehicle. The conductive film 47 may cover the entire surface of the glass plate 46 facing the interior side of the vehicle. The conductive film 47 may have the same configuration as the conductive film 7. The glass plate 46 may have a covered area 46A whose entire surface is covered with the conductive film 47. The glass plate 46 may be single-pane glass or laminated glass. The single-pane glass may be single-pane tempered glass. The glass plate 46 is attached to the right opening of the vehicle MM at a predetermined installation angle θ4 with respect to the horizontal plane HS. The glass plate 46 has a thickness T4.

[0038] If the conductive film (also referred to as a second conductive film) having the same configuration as the conductive film 7 on the left side window 3 and the right side window 4 is a heat ray reflective film, it can reflect heat rays from outside the vehicle MM and suppress the incidence of heat rays into the interior of the vehicle MM. Furthermore, if the conductive film is a Low-E film, it can absorb and reflect heat inside the vehicle cabin, increasing the comfort inside the cabin.

[0039] As described above, according to the configuration of the vehicle window glass 10, at least one of the windshield 1 and the rear glass 2 includes a glass sheet 6 covered with a conductive film 7. Furthermore, the glass sheet 6 includes a decoating area 6B where at least a portion of the conductive film 7 has been removed. Therefore, there is no need to form a conductive film over substantially the entire surface of the windshield 1, the rear glass 2, the left side glass 3, and the right side glass 4, and the area of ​​the decoating area can be reduced. Furthermore, in at least one of the windshield 1 and the rear glass 2, radio waves can pass through the decoating area 6B, ensuring sufficient gain for at least one of the antennas A1 and A2. Therefore, sufficient antenna gain can be ensured while suppressing an increase in the area of ​​the decoating area 6B.

[0040] Furthermore, the decoating region 6B has a frequency selective surface, which allows electromagnetic waves in a predetermined frequency band to selectively pass through.

[0041] <One Modification> Next, a windshield 31, which is one modification of the windshield 11, will be described with reference to Fig. 8. The windshield 31 has the same configuration as the windshield 11 except for the decoating region.

[0042] When viewed from the opposite side of the windshield 31, the height H of the decoating area 16B is determined by the height OH of the opening of the antenna A1 and the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave passing through the decoating area 16B. ０ The height H of the decoating region 16B is equal to or greater than the sum of the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave passing through the decoating region 16B. ０ The height H of the decoating region 16B is preferably 16 times or less, more preferably 10.7 times or less, and even more preferably 8 times or less. Specifically, the height H of the decoating region 16B is determined by the ratio of the height OH to the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave passing through the decoating region 16B. ０ and the sum of wavelengths λ ０ 16 times or less, height OH and wavelength λ ０ or more than 10.7 times the sum of the height OH and the wavelength λ ０ The width W of the decoating region 16B is preferably equal to or greater than the sum of the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave passing through the decoating region 16B and equal to or less than eight times the sum of the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave passing through the decoating region 16B. ０The width W of the decoating region 16B is 2.5 times or more of the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave passing through the decoating region 16B. ０ The width W of the decoating region 16B is preferably 24.4 times or less, more preferably 16.3 times or less, and even more preferably 12.2 times or less. ０ 2.5 times or more and 24.4 times or less, wavelength λ ０ 2.5 times or more and 16.3 times or less, or wavelength λ ０ The width of the decoating region 16B may be 2.5 to 12.2 times the height H of the decoating region 16B. While the exemplary shape of the decoating region 16B shown in FIG. 8 is rectangular, the shape of the decoating region 16B is not particularly limited. The shape of the decoating region 16B may be, for example, polygonal, rectangular, elliptical, or the like. Compared to the decoating region 6B, the width W of the decoating region 16B may be smaller than the height H while still ensuring radio wave transparency. Note that when the shape of the decoating region 16B is a shape other than rectangular, such as a polygonal, rectangular, or elliptical shape, the height H of the decoating region 16B is the maximum height, and the width W of the decoating region 16B is the maximum width.

[0043] <Frequency Selective Surface> Next, an example of the frequency selective surface provided in the decoating region 6B will be described with reference to Fig. 9. Note that in Fig. 9, the conductor portion Uc is indicated by hatching for ease of understanding.

[0044] The frequency selective surface FSS1 shown in FIG. 9 is an example of a frequency selective surface included in the decoating region 6B. The frequency selective surface FSS1 may include a unit region. The frequency selective surface FSS1 shown in FIG. 9 includes a plurality of unit regions U0. The plurality of unit regions U0 may be arranged in a matrix. The unit region U0 includes a conductor portion Uc and a slot portion Us. The conductor portion Uc is made of an electrically conductive material. This electrically conductive material may be the same type of material as the material constituting the conductive film 7. The slot portion Us does not include an electrically conductive material. The conductor portion Uc has higher electrical conductivity than the slot portion Us. The conductor portion Uc may be rectangular, for example, a square or a rounded shape. At least one of the conductor portion Uc and the slot portion Us may have a rounded shape as appropriate. Specifically, at least one of the conductor portion Uc and the slot portion Us may have rounded corners or an entire shape. An example of the slot portion Us shown in FIG. 9 extends in a slit shape within the conductor portion Uc. The unit area U0 has a width P0. The width P0 is also referred to as the decoating period. The slot portion Us has a width G0. Note that the distance between different conductor portions Uc in the same unit area U0 is the same length as the width G0. The width G0 is also referred to as the decoating width. The width P0 and the width G0 satisfy the relationship P0≦a×G0. ｂ When the above expression is satisfied, radio wave transmittance of a frequency selective surface consisting of a plurality of unit areas U0 can be ensured. a and b are determined according to a predetermined frequency band of electromagnetic waves transmitted by the frequency selective surface, and can be determined by calculation or experiment. Furthermore, the frequency selective surface FSS1 may further include at least one of a first unit area U1 to an eighth unit area U8 described below, in addition to the conductor portion Uc and the slot portion Us. The frequency selective surface FSS1 may be capable of transmitting polarized waves orthogonal to the slot portion Us, and may be capable of transmitting vertically polarized waves used in V2X communication when the slot portion Us is oriented in the LH axis direction.

[0045] Next, examples of unit areas of the frequency selective surface FSS1 will be described with reference to Figures 10A to 10C and 11 to 17. Note that in Figures 10A to 10C and 11 to 17, for ease of understanding, the conductor portions Uc, U1c to U8c, and U11c are indicated by hatching.

[0046] <Patch Type> The first unit region U1 shown in FIG. 10A is a patch type. The first unit region U1 includes a conductor portion U1c and a slot portion U1s. The conductor portion U1c is made of an electrically conductive material. This electrically conductive material may be the same type of material as the material constituting the conductive film 7. The slot portion U1s does not include an electrically conductive material. The conductor portion U1c has higher electrical conductivity than the slot portion U1s. The conductor portion U1c has a substantially polygonal shape, and may be a substantially square or hexagonal shape. The slot portion U1s extends in a frame shape surrounding the conductor portion U1c. The first unit region U1 has a width P1. The width P1 is also referred to as the decoating period. The conductor portions U1c in adjacent first unit regions U1 are spaced apart by a distance G1. The distance G1 is also referred to as the decoating width. The width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy the relationship P1≦a×G1. ｂ If the above condition is satisfied, radio wave transmittance of a frequency selective surface consisting of multiple first unit regions U1 can be ensured. a and b are determined according to a predetermined frequency band of electromagnetic waves transmitted by the frequency selective surface and can be determined by calculation or experiment. The first unit region U1 can be formed by cutting out a portion of the conductive film 7, i.e., the entire conductor portion, with the same shape as the slot portion U1s. The slot portion U1s has a smaller and simpler shape than the slot portions of other unit regions. Therefore, the processing time for the first unit region U1 is shorter than that for other unit regions. The first unit region U1a shown in FIG. 10B is a modified example of the first unit region U1. The first unit region U1a has the same configuration as the first unit region U1 except for its orientation on the frequency selective surface FSS1. The first unit region U1a is inclined at a predetermined angle θ5 with respect to the horizontal plane HS. The first unit region U1b shown in FIG. 10C is another modified example of the first unit region U1. The first unit area U1b includes a conductor portion U11c and a slot portion U11s. The conductor portion U11c has the same configuration as the conductor portion U1c except for its shape. The conductor portion U11c is generally hexagonal. The slot portion U11s has the same configuration as the slot portion U1s except for its shape. The slot portion U11s extends in a frame shape surrounding the conductor portion U11c.

[0047] Conductor portions U2c to U8c, which will be described later, have the same configuration as conductor portion U1c except for their shapes. Similarly, slot portions U2s to U8s, which will be described later, have the same configuration as slot portion U1s except for their shapes.

[0048] <Grid type> The second unit area U2 shown in FIG. 11 is a grid type. The second unit area U2 includes a conductor portion U2c and a slot portion U2s. The conductor portion U2c and the slot portion U2s of the second unit area U2 have the same configuration as the conductor portion U1c and the slot portion U1s of the first unit area U1, which are inverted. Specifically, the slot portion U2s is square-shaped. The conductor portion U2c extends in a frame shape surrounding the slot portion U2s. The second unit area U2 has a width P2. The conductor portions U2c in adjacent second unit areas U2 have a line width W2. The width P2, the line width W2, and P2≧a×W2 ｂ When the above expression (1) is satisfied, the radio wave transmittance of the frequency selective surface formed of the plurality of second unit areas U2 can be ensured. a and b are determined according to a predetermined frequency band that the frequency selective surface transmits, and can be obtained by calculation or experiment.

[0049] <Loop slot type> The third unit area U3 shown in Figure 12 is a loop slot type. The third unit area U3 includes a first conductor portion U3ca, a second conductor portion U3cb, and a slot portion U3s. The first conductor portion U3ca is square with a side length L3. The slot portion U3s extends in a frame shape surrounding the first conductor portion U3ca. The slot portion U3s has a width W3. The second conductor portion U3cb extends in a frame shape surrounding the slot portion U3s. When the frequency selective surface is made up of multiple third unit areas U3, the transmission phase may be controlled from -90° to 90°.

[0050] <Loop Type> The unit area U4 shown in FIG. 13 is a loop type. The fourth unit area U4 includes a conductor portion U4c, a first slot portion U4sa, and a second slot portion U4sb. The conductor portion U4c and slot portion U4s of the fourth unit area U4 have the same configuration as the conductor portion U3c and slot portion U3s of the third unit area U3 shown in FIG. 12, but inverted. Specifically, the first slot portion U4sa is a square with a side length L4. The conductor portion U4c extends in a frame shape surrounding the first slot portion U4sa. The conductor portion U4c has a width W4. The second slot portion U4sb extends in a frame shape surrounding the conductor portion U4c.

[0051] <Cross-pole slot type> The fifth unit area U5 shown in Figure 14 is a cross-pole slot type. The fifth unit area U5 includes a conductor portion U5c and a slot portion U5s. The slot portion U5s extends in a cross shape. The slot portion U5s has a width W5. The total length of one linear portion constituting the cross shape of the slot portion U5s is L5. The conductor portion U5c surrounds the slot portion U5s.

[0052] <Jerusalem Cross Slot Type> The sixth unit region U6 shown in FIG. 15 is a Jerusalem Cross slot type. The sixth unit region U6 includes a conductor portion U6c and a slot portion U6s. The slot portion U6s extends in a Jerusalem Cross shape. Specifically, the slot portion U6s includes a main body U6sa and four linear portions U6sb. The main body U6sa extends in a cross shape. The slot portion U6s has a width W6. The four linear portions U6sb extend from the four ends of the main body U6sa, respectively. The total length of the four linear portions U6sb is L6. The linear portions U6sb and the ends of the main body U6sa extend in a substantially T-shape. It is preferable that the linear portions U6sb and the ends of the main body U6sa intersect perpendicularly.

[0053] <Cross-pole type> The seventh unit area U7 shown in FIG. 16 is a cross-pole slot type. The seventh unit area U7 includes a conductor portion U7c and a slot portion U7s. The conductor portion U7c and slot portion U7s of the unit area U7 have the same configuration as the conductor portion U5c and slot portion U5s of the unit area U5 shown in FIG. 14, but inverted. Specifically, the conductor portion U7c extends in a cross shape with two linear portions intersecting. The conductor portion U7c has a width W7. The total length of one linear portion constituting the cross shape of the conductor portion U7c is L7. The slot portion U7s surrounds the conductor portion U7c.

[0054] <Jerusalem Cross Type> The eighth unit area U8 shown in FIG. 17 is a Jerusalem Cross slot type. The eighth unit area U8 includes a conductor portion U8c and a slot portion U8s. The conductor portion U8c and slot portion U8s of the eighth unit area U8 have the same configuration as the conductor portion U6c and slot portion U6s of the sixth unit area U6 shown in FIG. 15, but inverted. The conductor portion U8c extends in a Jerusalem Cross shape. Specifically, the conductor portion U8c includes a main body U8ca and four linear portions U8cb. The main body U8ca extends in a cross shape with two linear portions intersecting. The conductor portion U8c has a width W8. The four linear portions U8cb extend from the four ends of the main body U8ca, respectively. The total length of the four linear portions U8cb is L8. The linear portion U8sb and the end of the main body U8sa extend in a substantially T-shape. The linear portion U8cb and the end of the main body U8ca preferably intersect perpendicularly.

[0055] <Influence of Presence or Absence of Conductive Film> Next, with reference to FIGS. 18 to 24, the influence of the presence or absence of a conductive film on each glass of the vehicle window glass 10 on the directivity of the antennas A1 and A2 will be described.

[0056] For Examples 1 to 5, Reference Example, and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in Table 1 below, the directivities of examples corresponding to antennas A1 and A2 were measured in the horizontal plane (here, the plane including the FR axis and the LH axis). The directivities of the example corresponding to antenna A1 were measured using a vehicle MM1 in which only antenna A1 was attached to the underside of the windshield 1 via a bracket (not shown), as shown in FIG. 18. Similarly, the directivities of the example corresponding to antenna A2 were measured using a vehicle MM2 in which only antenna A2 was attached to the underside of the rear window 2 via a bracket (not shown), as shown in FIG. 19. Dipole antennas were used as antennas A1 and A2.

[0057] Specifically, in the vehicle window glass according to Example 1, only the left and right side glass have glass sheets whose entire surfaces are covered with a conductive film, in other words, glass sheets with no de-coating area at all. In Example 1, the windshield and rear glass have glass sheets that are not covered with a conductive film at all, in other words, glass sheets whose entire surfaces are substantially de-coating areas. The vehicle window glass according to Examples 2 to 5, the Reference Example, and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 also have the configurations shown in Table 1 above, similar to the vehicle window glass according to Example 1.

[0058] The results of measuring the directivity of Examples 1 to 5, the Reference Example, and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are shown in Figures 20 to 24 and 30 to 32. In Figures 20 to 24 and 30 to 32, the radial direction of the chart represents the radio wave strength [dBi], and the circumferential direction represents the angle. The angle increases in the direction from the FR axis toward the negative direction of the LH axis, i.e., clockwise, and is 0° to 180° in the lower semicircle and 0° to -180° in the upper semicircle.

[0059] As shown in FIG. 30, if each glass of a vehicle window glass is not covered with a conductive film at all, the directivity of the example corresponding to antennas A1 and A2 shows the same tendency as the viewing angle from antennas A1 and A2.

[0060] 20 to 24 and 30 to 32, when the windshield glass plate is covered with a conductive film, the strength of the radio waves from antenna A1 is often low, below -10 dBi. On the other hand, when the windshield glass plate is not covered with a conductive film at all, that is, when the entire windshield glass plate is a decoated area, the strength of the radio waves from antenna A1 can be maintained.

[0061] Furthermore, when the rear window glass plate is covered with a conductive film, the strength of the radio waves from antenna A2 is often low, below -10 dBi. On the other hand, when the rear window glass plate is not covered with a conductive film at all, that is, when the entire rear window glass plate is a decoated area, the strength of the radio waves from antenna A2 can be maintained.

[0062] Furthermore, the strength of the radio waves from the antennas A1 and A2 does not change significantly depending on whether or not the glass plates of the left and right side windows have a conductive film.

[0063] As described above, the directivity of the example corresponding to antenna A1 or antenna A2 is significantly affected by the presence or absence of a conductive film on the windshield or rear window. On the other hand, the presence or absence of a conductive film on the left and right side windows is not as significant. If at least one of the glass sheets of the windshield and rear window is provided with a decoating area, the strength of the radio waves of the example corresponding to antenna A1 or antenna A2 can be maintained. Furthermore, even if the glass sheets of the left and right side windows do not have a decoating area, the strength of the radio waves of the example corresponding to antenna A1 or antenna A2 can be maintained.

[0064] <Influence of Decoating Region 1> Next, with reference to FIGS. 25 and 26, the influence of the width W of the decoating region 6B shown in FIG. 2 on the average gain will be described.

[0065] The vehicle window glass of Example 6 has the same configuration as Example 5, except that it includes the windshield 11 shown in Fig. 2. For a predetermined range of width W of the decoating area 6B in Example 6, directivity was measured in an example horizontal plane (here, a plane including the FR axis and the LH axis) corresponding to the antenna A1. In this measurement, a frequency of 5.9 GHz, a wavelength λ ０An electromagnetic wave of 50.8 mm was used. The height H of the decoating area 6B in Example 6 is the height OH of the aperture surface of the antenna A1. Furthermore, the decoating area 6B in Example 6 does not have a frequency selective surface. Here, the average gain AG was calculated for the directivity measured results in the directivity angle ranges of -90° to -45°, -45° to 45°, and 45° to 90° shown in Figure 25. The calculated results are shown in Figure 26. Note that the standard value W / λ ０ When the width W is a maximum value of about 25, the width W is the same as the overall width of the windshield 11. The decoat region 6B extends from one end of the windshield 11 to the other end in the LH axis direction.

[0066] Similarly, for the vehicle window glass according to the above-mentioned Reference Example, the average gain AG was calculated in each directivity angle range of −90° to −45°, −45° to 45°, and 45° to 90°, and the results are shown in Fig. 26. The values ​​obtained by subtracting 3 dBi from the average gain AG in the ranges of −45° to 45° and 45° to 90° are also shown in Fig. 26.

[0067] As shown in FIG. 26, the standard value W / λ in Example 6 ０ As W / λ increases, the average gain AG also increases. ０ is 10 or more, that is, the width W is the wavelength λ ０ The average gain AG when the value is 10 times the standard value W / λ ０ is approximately the same value as the average gain AG when the width W is the wavelength λ ０ The average gain AG when the width W is 10 times the wavelength λ is not much different from the average gain AG of the reference example, and is equal to or greater than the value obtained by subtracting 3 dBi from the average gain AG of the reference example. If the width W is equal to or greater than the value obtained by subtracting 3 dBi from the average gain AG of the reference example, sufficient radio wave transparency can be ensured. ０ From this result, when the height H of the decoating region 6B is equal to or greater than the height OH of the aperture surface of the antenna A1, the width W is equal to or greater than the wavelength λ ０ If the thickness is 10 times or more, sufficient radio wave transparency can be ensured, and an example corresponding to the antenna A1 can obtain a sufficient gain.

[0068] <Effect of Decoating Region 2> Next, with reference to FIGS. 25 and 27, the effect of the width W and height H of the decoating region 16B shown in FIG. 8 on the average gain will be described.

[0069] The vehicle window glass of Example 7 has the same configuration as Example 5, except that it includes the windshield 31 shown in FIG. 8. For the predetermined width W of the decoating area 16B in Example 7, directivity was measured in the horizontal plane (here, the plane including the FR axis and the LH axis) corresponding to the antenna A1, as with the predetermined width W of the decoating area 6B. The decoating area 16B does not have a frequency selective surface. Here, the average gain AG was calculated for the directivity measurement results in the directivity angle ranges of -90° to -45°, -45° to 45°, and 45° to 90° shown in FIG. 25. The calculated results are shown in FIG. 27. Note that the standard value W / λ ０ When the width W is a maximum value of about 25, the width W is the same as the overall width of the windshield 11. The decoat region 6B extends from one end of the windshield 11 to the other end in the LH axis direction.

[0070] As shown in FIG. 27, the standard value W / λ in Example 7 ０ As W / λ increases, the average gain AG also increases. ０ is 2.5 or more, that is, the width W is the wavelength λ ０ The average gain AG when the value is 2.5 times the standard value W / λ ０ This is approximately the same value as the average gain AG when the width W is the wavelength λ ０ The average gain AG in the beam angle range of -45° to 45° when the width W is 2.5 times the wavelength λ is not significantly different from the average gain AG of the reference example. ０ From this result, the average gain AG is good when the height H of the decoating region 16B is determined by the ratio of the height OH of the aperture of the antenna A1 to the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave. ０ When the width W is equal to or greater than the sum of ０ If the gain is 2.5 times or more, the example corresponding to the antenna A1 can obtain a sufficient gain.

[0071] Furthermore, the width W is the wavelength λ ０When the average gain A in the beam angle range of -45° to 45° is 5 times or more, the average gain A can be stably equal to or greater than the average gain AG of the reference example. ０ When the width W is equal to or greater than the sum of ０ If the value is five times or more, the gain of the example corresponding to antenna A1 is further increased.

[0072] <Effect of Decoating Region 3> Next, with reference to FIGS. 25 and 33, the effect of the height H of the decoating region 16B shown in FIG. 8 on the average gain will be described.

[0073] The vehicle window glass of Example 13 has the same configuration as Example 5, except that it includes the windshield 31 shown in Figure 8. For a predetermined range of 0 to 2.33 for the height H of the decoating area 16B in Example 13, directivity was measured in an example horizontal plane (here, a plane including the FR axis and the LH axis) corresponding to the antenna A1. In this measurement, ０ The width W of the decoating region 16B in Example 13 was 813 mm, and the wavelength was 16λ. ０ The values ​​are approximately the same as those shown in FIG. 33. Furthermore, the decoating region 16B according to Example 13 does not have a frequency selective surface. Here, the average gain AG was calculated for the directivity measured in the directivity angle ranges of -90° to -45°, -45° to 45°, and 45° to 90° shown in FIG. 25. The calculated results are shown in FIG. 33. The standard value (H-OH) / λ ０ When is 0 (zero), the height H of the decoating area 16B is the same as the height OH of the aperture of the antenna A1. ０ When is 1, the height H of the decoating region 16B is determined by the height OH of the aperture of the antenna A1 and the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave. ０ It is the same size as the sum of

[0074] Similarly, for the vehicle window glass according to the above-mentioned Reference Example, the average gain AG was calculated in each directivity angle range of −90° to −45°, −45° to 45°, and 45° to 90°, and the results are shown in Fig. 33. The values ​​obtained by subtracting 3 dBi from the average gain AG in the ranges of −90° to −45° and 45° to 90° are also shown in Fig. 33.

[0075] 33, the average gain AG of Example 13 in the beam angle range of -45° to 45° exceeds the value obtained by subtracting 3 dBi from the average gain AG of the reference example, which is a favorable value. Also, the average gain AG of Example 13 in the beam angle range of -45° to 45° is greater than the standard value (H-OH) / λ ０ If is equal to or greater than 1, the average gain AG is approximately the same as the average gain AG of the reference example.

[0076] Moreover, the average gain AG of Example 13 in the directivity angle ranges of -90° to -45° and 45° to 90° exceeds the average gain AG of the Reference Example over the entire range of the height H of the decoating region 16B.

[0077] Therefore, the standard value (H-OH) / λ ０ is 1 or more, the average gain AG of Example 13 in the directivity angle ranges of −45° to 45°, −90° to −45°, and 45° to 90° is approximately the same as or greater than the average gain AG of the Reference Example. ０ When the value of the height H of the decoating region 16B is 1 or more, the height OH of the aperture surface of the antenna A1 and the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave are ０ Therefore, the height H of the decoating region 16B is equal to or greater than the sum of the height OH of the aperture of the antenna A1 and the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave. ０ If the sum of these is equal to or greater than the sum of the above, sufficient radio wave transparency can be ensured, and an example corresponding to the antenna A1 can obtain sufficient gain.

[0078] <Examples of Frequency Selective Surfaces> Next, examples of frequency selective surfaces will be described with reference to FIGS. 28A to 28D and 29. FIG.

[0079] The vehicle window glasses of Examples 8 and 9 have the same configuration as the windshield 11 shown in Figures 2 and 3. The decoating area 6B of Example 8 has a frequency selective surface consisting of a plurality of first unit areas U1 shown in Figure 10A. The decoating area 6B of Example 9 has a frequency selective surface consisting of a plurality of second unit areas U2 shown in Figure 11. TM waves as electromagnetic waves are incident on the decoating area 6B of Examples 8 and 9 from a direction tilted at 65° or 70° from the FR axis toward the negative direction of the LH axis. In other words, the incident angle of the TM waves is 65° or 70°. The radio wave transmittance of Examples 8 and 9 was determined by electromagnetic field simulation for a TM wave incident angle of 65° or 70° and a TM wave frequency band of 5.9 GHz or 28 GHz. Furthermore, combinations of width P1 and distance G1 shown in Fig. 10A and combinations of width P2 and line width W2 shown in Fig. 11 were determined to result in radio wave transmittance of -3 dB or more, or -1 dB or more. The results are shown in Figs. 28A, 28B, and 29.

[0080] The vehicle window glass of Examples 11 and 12 also had their radio wave transmittance determined by electromagnetic field simulation, as in the case of the vehicle window glass of Example 8. The electromagnetic transmittance determined for Examples 11 and 12 was similar to the results shown in Figures 28A and 28B. The vehicle window glass of Example 11 has the same configuration as the vehicle window glass of Example 8, except that the decoating region 6B has a frequency selective surface consisting of a plurality of first unit regions U1a shown in Figure 10B. The vehicle window glass of Example 12 has the same configuration as the vehicle window glass of Example 8, except that the decoating region 6B has a frequency selective surface consisting of a plurality of first unit regions U1b shown in Figure 10C.

[0081] As shown in FIG. 28A, in Example 8, when the incident angle of the TM wave is 65°, the frequency band of the TM wave is 5.9 GHz, and the radio wave transmittance is −3 dB or more, the width P1 and the distance G1 are P1≦5.84×G1. 0.20 In addition, when the TM wave frequency band is 5.9 GHz and the radio wave transmittance is -1 dB or more, the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy the following: P1≦3.31×G1 0.23In addition, when the frequency band of the TM wave is 28 GHz and the radio wave transmittance is -3 dB or more, the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy the following: P1≦2.10×G1 0.25 In addition, when the TM wave frequency band is 28 GHz and the radio wave transmittance is -1 dB or more, the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy the following: P1≦1.51×G1 0.30 As described above, when the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy a predetermined relationship, good radio wave transmittance can be ensured in each frequency band.

[0082] As shown in FIG. 28B, in Example 8, when the incident angle of the TM wave is 70°, the frequency band of the TM wave is 5.9 GHz, and the radio wave transmittance is −3 dB or more, the width P1 and the distance G1 are P1≦6.79×G1 0.19 If the above condition is satisfied, a good radio wave transmittance can be ensured. In addition, when the frequency band of the TM wave is 5.9 GHz and the radio wave transmittance is -1 dB or more, the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy the following condition: P1≦4.69×G1 0.22 If the above condition is satisfied, a good radio wave transmittance can be ensured. In addition, when the frequency band of the TM wave is 28 GHz and the radio wave transmittance is −3 dB or more, the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy the following condition: P1≦2.30×G1 0.25 If the above condition is satisfied, a good radio wave transmittance can be ensured. In addition, when the frequency band of the TM wave is 28 GHz and the radio wave transmittance is -1 dB or more, the width P1 and the distance G1 are set to P1≦1.62×G1. 0.30 As described above, when the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy a predetermined relationship, good radio wave transmittance can be ensured in each frequency band.

[0083] In Example 8, when the TM wave frequency band is 5.9 GHz and the radio wave transmittance is −3 dB or more, the width P1 and the distance G1 are P1≦6.79×G1. 0.19 It is desirable to satisfy P1≦5.84×G1 0.20 If the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy this relationship, a good radio wave transmittance can be ensured at each incident angle of the TM wave.

[0084] As shown in FIG. 29, in Example 9, when the TM wave frequency band is 5.9 GHz and the radio wave transmittance is −3 dB or more, the width P2 and the line width W2 are P2≧8.91×W2 0.32In addition, when the frequency band of the TM wave is 5.9 GHz and the radio wave transmittance is -1 dB or more, the width P2 and the line width W2 satisfy the following relationship: P2 ≥ 9.89 × W2 0.07 In addition, when the TM wave frequency band is 28 GHz and the radio wave transmittance is -3 dB or more, the width P2 and the line width W2 satisfy the following relationship: P2 ≥ 2.24 × W2 0.15 In addition, when the frequency band of the TM wave is 28 GHz and the radio wave transmittance is -1 dB or more, the width P2 and the line width W2 satisfy the following relationship: P2 ≥ 4.13 × W2 0.01 As described above, when the width P2 and the line width W2 satisfy a predetermined relationship, good radio wave transmittance can be ensured in each frequency band.

[0085] The vehicle window glass according to Example 10 has the same configuration as the rear window 22 shown in FIG. 4 . The decoating area 26B according to Example 10 has a frequency selective surface formed of a plurality of first unit areas U1 shown in FIG. 10A . The decoating area 26B according to Example 10 has a frequency selective surface formed of a plurality of second unit areas U2 shown in FIG. 11 . TM waves as electromagnetic waves are incident on the decoating area 6B according to Example 10 from a direction tilted at 65° or 70° from the FR axis toward the negative direction of the LH axis. In other words, the incident angle of the TM waves is 65° or 70°. The radio wave transmittance of Example 10 was determined by electromagnetic field simulation for a TM wave incident angle of 65° or 70° and a TM wave frequency band of 5.9 GHz or 28 GHz. Furthermore, the combination of width P1 and distance G1 shown in Fig. 10A and the combination of width P2 and line width W2 shown in Fig. 11 were determined to result in a radio wave transmittance of -3 dB or more, or -1 dB or more. The results are shown in Figs. 28C and 28D.

[0086] As shown in FIG. 28C, in Example 10, when the incident angle of the TM wave is 65°, the frequency band of the TM wave is 5.9 GHz, and the radio wave transmittance is −3 dB or more, the width P1 and the distance G1 are P1≦6.80×G1 0.20 In addition, when the TM wave frequency band is 5.9 GHz and the radio wave transmittance is -1 dB or more, the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy the following: P1≦4.03×G1 0.23In addition, when the frequency band of the TM wave is 28 GHz and the radio wave transmittance is -3 dB or more, the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy the following: P1≦2.40×G1 0.23 In addition, when the TM wave frequency band is 28 GHz and the radio wave transmittance is -1 dB or more, the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy the following: P1≦1.57×G1 0.29 As described above, when the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy a predetermined relationship, good radio wave transmittance can be ensured in each frequency band.

[0087] As shown in FIG. 28D, in Example 10, when the incident angle of the TM wave is 70°, the frequency band of the TM wave is 5.9 GHz, and the radio wave transmittance is −3 dB or more, the width P1 and the distance G1 are P1≦7.38×G1 0.17 If the above condition is satisfied, a good radio wave transmittance can be ensured. In addition, when the frequency band of the TM wave is 5.9 GHz and the radio wave transmittance is -1 dB or more, the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy the following condition: P1≦4.90×G1 0.21 If the above condition is satisfied, a good radio wave transmittance can be ensured. In addition, when the frequency band of the TM wave is 28 GHz and the radio wave transmittance is −3 dB or more, the width P1 and the distance G1 are set to P1≦2.53×G1. 0.23 If the above condition is satisfied, a good radio wave transmittance can be ensured. In addition, when the frequency band of the TM wave is 28 GHz and the radio wave transmittance is -1 dB or more, the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy the following condition: P1≦1.69×G1 0.27 As described above, when the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy a predetermined relationship, good radio wave transmittance can be ensured in each frequency band.

[0088] In Example 10, when the TM wave frequency band is 5.9 GHz and the radio wave transmittance is −3 dB or more, the width P1 and the distance G1 are P1≦7.38×G1. 0.17 It is desirable to satisfy P1≦6.80×G1 0.20 If the width P1 and the distance G1 satisfy this relationship, a good radio wave transmittance can be ensured at each incident angle of the TM wave.

[0089] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be appropriately modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention may be implemented by appropriately combining the above-described embodiment and examples thereof.

[0090] This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-003391, filed January 12, 2024, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0091] 10 Vehicle window glass 1, 11, 21, 31 Windshield 2 Rear glass 3 Left side glass 4 Right side glass 6 Glass plate 61, 63 Glass plate 62 Interlayer 6A Coated area 6B, 16B Decoating area 7 Conductive film A1, A2 Antenna FSS1 Frequency selective surface G0, G1, G2 Distance (decoating width) MM, MM1, MM2 Vehicle OH Height of opening surface OW Width of opening surface P0, P1, P2 Width (decoating period) U0 to U8, U1a, U1b Unit area Uc, U1c to U8c, U11c Conductor portion U8ca Main body U8cb Straight portion Us, U1s to U8s, U11s Slot portion U5sa Main body U5sb Straight portion W, W3 to W8 width W2 line width

Claims

1. A vehicle window glass attached to an opening of a vehicle having an antenna mounted inside the vehicle compartment, wherein the vehicle window glass is at least one of a windshield and a rear glass, at least one of the windshield and the rear glass includes a first glass plate body covered with a first conductive film, the first glass plate body includes a decoration region where at least a part of the first conductive film is removed from at least a part of the first conductive film, when at least one of the windshield and the rear glass is viewed facing each other from the horizontal direction with the windshield and the rear glass attached to the vehicle, a height H of the decoration region is equal to or greater than a height OH of an opening surface of the antenna, a width W of the decoration region is 10 times or more of a wavelength λ of an electromagnetic wave passing through the decoration region ０ of the vehicle window glass.

2. A vehicle window glass attached to an opening of a vehicle having an antenna mounted inside the vehicle compartment, wherein the vehicle window glass is at least one of a windshield and a rear glass, at least one of the windshield and the rear glass includes a first glass plate-like body covered with a first conductive film, the first glass plate-like body includes a decoration region where at least a part of the first conductive film is removed from at least a part of the first conductive film, when at least one of the windshield and the rear glass is viewed facing from the horizontal direction in a state where the windshield and the rear glass are attached to the vehicle, the height H of the decoration region is equal to or greater than the sum of the height OH of the opening surface of the antenna and the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the decoration region ０ and the width W of the decoration region is 2.5 times or more the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the decoration region ０ . A vehicle window glass 3. The window glass for a vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the decode area includes a frequency selective surface that transmits electromagnetic waves in a predetermined frequency band.

4. The frequency selective surface includes a plurality of unit regions arranged in a matrix, each unit region including a rectangular conductor portion and a slot portion extending in the horizontal direction, and the width P0 of the unit region, the width G0 of the slot portion, and a and b determined according to a predetermined frequency band of the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the frequency selective surface satisfy P0 ≦ a × G0 ｂ The vehicle window glass according to claim 3, satisfying the above condition.

5. The frequency selective surface includes a plurality of unit regions arranged in a matrix, each unit region including a substantially polygonal conductor portion and a slot portion extending in a frame shape surrounding the conductor portion, and the width P1 of the unit region, the distance G1 between the conductor portions in adjacent unit regions, and a and b determined according to a predetermined frequency band of the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the frequency selective surface satisfy P1 ≤ a × G1. ｂ The vehicle window glass according to claim 3, satisfying the above condition.

6. The frequency selective surface includes a plurality of unit regions arranged in a matrix, and each unit region includes a square slot portion and a conductor portion extending in a frame shape surrounding the slot portion. The width P2 of the unit region, the line width W2 between the conductor portions in adjacent unit regions, and a and b determined according to a predetermined frequency band of the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the frequency selective surface satisfy P2 ≥ a × W2. ｂ The vehicle window glass according to claim 3, satisfying the above condition.

7. The window glass for a vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the frequency selective surface includes a plurality of unit areas arranged in a matrix, and each unit area includes a square first conductor portion, a slot portion extending in a frame shape surrounding the first conductor portion, and a second conductor portion extending in a frame shape surrounding the slot portion.

8. The window glass for a vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the frequency selective surface includes a plurality of unit areas arranged in a matrix, and each unit area includes a square first slot portion, a conductor portion extending in a frame shape surrounding the first slot portion, and a second slot portion extending in a frame shape surrounding the conductor portion.

9. The window glass for a vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the frequency selective surface includes a plurality of unit areas arranged in a matrix, and each unit area includes a slot portion extending in a cross shape and a conductor portion surrounding the slot portion.

10. The window glass for a vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a side glass, wherein the side glass includes a second glass plate-like body and a second conductive film, and the entire surface of the second glass plate-like body is covered with the second conductive film.

11. The window glass for a vehicle according to claim 10, wherein the windshield includes a first glass plate, a second glass plate, and a first intermediate film, the windshield is a laminated glass in which the first glass plate and the second glass plate are bonded together via the first intermediate film, the first glass plate is disposed closer to the inside of the vehicle than the second glass plate when the windshield is attached to the vehicle, and the first conductive film is disposed on the inner surface of the first glass plate.

12. The window glass for a vehicle according to claim 10, wherein the windshield includes a first glass plate, a second glass plate, and a first intermediate film, the windshield is a laminated glass in which the first glass plate and the second glass plate are bonded together via the first intermediate film, the second glass plate is disposed closer to the outside of the vehicle than the first glass plate when the windshield is attached to the vehicle, and the first conductive film is disposed on the inner surface of the second glass plate.

13. The rear glass has a third conductive film disposed on the inner surface of the vehicle when the rear glass is attached to the vehicle, and the inner surface of the rear glass is covered with the third conductive film. The window glass for a vehicle according to claim 11.

14. The rear glass is a laminated glass in which a third glass plate and a fourth glass plate are bonded together via a second intermediate film. When the rear glass is attached to the vehicle, the fourth glass plate is disposed outside the vehicle more than the third glass plate. The third conductive film is disposed on the inner surface of the fourth glass plate. The window glass for a vehicle according to claim 11.

15. When the rear glass is attached to the vehicle, a third conductive film is disposed on the inner surface of the rear glass, and the rear glass includes the decoration area in which at least a part of the third conductive film is removed from the third conductive film. The window glass for a vehicle according to claim 11.

16. The rear glass is a laminated glass in which a third glass plate and a fourth glass plate are bonded together via a second intermediate film. When the rear glass is attached to the vehicle, the fourth glass plate is disposed outside the vehicle more than the third glass plate. The third conductive film is disposed on the inner surface of the fourth glass plate, and the rear glass includes the decoration area in which at least a part of the third conductive film is removed from the third conductive film. The window glass for a vehicle according to claim 15.

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