Laminated glass, laminated glass for vehicle, and laminated glass for vehicle roof

Abstract

Provided is laminated glass which has an anti-glare surface and which is controlled so as to make it possible to, even when the visible light transmittance of a window glass is low and a reflected image on the interior side is thus likely to be visible, suppress the reflection of an interior in the window glass and make scenery or the like on the exterior side sufficiently visible.　A laminated glass 100 according to one aspect of the present invention has an outer panel 10, an intermediate film 20, and an inner panel 30 in this order, wherein the inner panel 30 has, on the interior side, an anti-glare surface 31 which has undergone an anti-glare treatment, and the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the anti-glare surface 31 is 90-170 nm.

Description

Laminated glass, laminated glass for vehicles, and laminated glass for vehicle roofs

[0001] The present invention relates to laminated glass, laminated glass for vehicles, and laminated glass for vehicle roofs.

[0002] It is known that applying an anti-glare treatment to the cover glass surface of a display can prevent surrounding objects from being reflected on the display.

[0003] Patent Document 1 listed below discloses a technique for performing anti-glare treatment to form an uneven shape on the surface of a glass plate.

[0004] JP 2016-040211 A

[0005] In recent years, the reflection of interiors in window glass of automobiles, buildings, ships, etc. has become a problem, especially when the visible light transmittance is low. Applying an anti-glare treatment to window glass can suppress the reflection of interiors, but the anti-glare treatment scatters some of the light, reducing visibility outside the vehicle. In particular, in the case of window glass, the object to be viewed is located farther away than in the case of a display, so the deterioration of visibility due to the scattering of some of the light is more pronounced.

[0006] In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide laminated glass, laminated glass for vehicles, and laminated glass for vehicle roofs, each having an anti-glare surface that can suppress reflection of interior interiors and that is controlled so that the scenery outside the vehicle can be sufficiently seen, even when the visible light transmittance of window glass is low and reflected images inside the vehicle are easily visible.

[0007] A laminated glass, a laminated glass for a vehicle, and a laminated glass for a vehicle roof according to one embodiment of the present disclosure have the following configuration.

[0008] [1] A laminated glass having an outer panel, an interlayer film, and an inner panel in this order, wherein the inner panel has an anti-glare surface that has been anti-glare treated on its interior surface, and the anti-glare surface has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of 90 nm or more and 170 nm or less.

[0009] [2] The laminated glass according to [1], wherein the anti-glare surface has a mean length Rsm of 35 nm or more and 100 nm or less.

[0010] [3] The laminated glass according to [1] or [2], wherein the laminated glass has a visibility index value T of 80% or more and 95% or less.

[0011] [4] The laminated glass according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the laminated glass has a reflected image diffusion index value R of 5% or more and 55% or less.

[0012] [5] The laminated glass according to any one of [1] to [4], which has two interlayer films and a light control sheet provided between the two interlayer films.

[0013] [6] The laminated glass according to any one of [1] to [5], further comprising a low-emissivity film on the anti-glare surface of the inner panel, and a first dielectric layer and a transparent conductive layer, in this order from the anti-glare surface side, wherein the transparent conductive layer is one selected from an ITO layer, a tin oxide layer, a fluorine-doped tin oxide layer, an antimony-doped tin oxide layer, a silver layer, a zirconium nitride layer, and a titanium nitride layer.

[0014] [7] The laminated glass according to [6], wherein the normal emissivity of the surface of the low-emissivity film is 0.3 or less.

[0015] [8] The laminated glass according to [6] or [7], wherein the first dielectric layer contains an oxide or oxynitride of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, Ta, Zn, Al, In, Si, and Zr.

[0016] [9] The laminated glass according to any one of [6] to [8], wherein the first dielectric layer has a thickness of 20 nm or more and 100 nm or less.

[0017]

[10] The laminated glass according to any one of [6] to [9], wherein the transparent conductive layer is an ITO layer, and the film thickness of the transparent conductive layer is 50 nm or more and 150 nm or less.

[0018]

[11] The laminated glass according to

[10] , wherein the low-emissivity film has a second dielectric layer on the indoor side of the transparent conductive layer, and the second dielectric layer contains an oxide or oxynitride of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, Ta, Zn, Al, In, Si, and Zr.

[0019]

[12] The laminated glass according to

[11] , wherein the second dielectric layer has a thickness of 50 nm or more and 120 nm or less.

[0020]

[13] The laminated glass according to any one of [6] to [9], wherein the transparent conductive layer is a tin oxide layer, and the film thickness of the transparent conductive layer is 250 nm or more and 400 nm or less.

[0021]

[14] The laminated glass according to any one of [6] to [9], wherein the transparent conductive layer is a silver layer, and the film thickness of the transparent conductive layer is 5 nm or more and 100 nm or less.

[0022]

[15] The laminated glass according to

[10] , wherein the low-emissivity film has a reflection adjustment layer on the indoor-facing side of the transparent conductive layer, and the reflection adjustment layer contains an oxide or oxynitride of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, Ta, Zn, Al, In, Si, and Zr.

[0023]

[16] The laminated glass according to any one of [6] to

[15] , wherein the surface of the low-emissivity film has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of 90 nm or more and 170 nm or less.

[0024]

[17] The laminated glass according to any one of [6] to

[16] , wherein the surface of the low-emissivity film has an average length Rsm of 35 nm or more and 100 nm or less.

[0025]

[18] A laminated glass for vehicles, comprising the laminated glass according to any one of [1] to

[17] .

[0026]

[19] A laminated glass for a vehicle roof, comprising the laminated glass according to any one of [1] to

[18] .

[0027]

[20] A laminated glass having an outer panel, an interlayer film, and an inner panel in this order, wherein a visibility index value T of the laminated glass is 80% or more and 95% or less, and a reflected image diffusion index value R of the laminated glass is 5% or more and 55% or less.

[0028] The present invention can provide laminated glass, laminated glass for vehicles, and laminated glass for vehicle roofs, each having an anti-glare surface that can suppress reflection of interior interiors and control the visibility of scenery outside the room, even when the visible light transmittance of the window glass is low and the reflected image inside the room is easily visible.

[0029] Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of laminated glass according to embodiment 1. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of laminated glass according to embodiment 2. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of laminated glass according to embodiment 3.

[0030] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each drawing, the same or corresponding elements are designated by the same reference numerals, and for clarity of explanation, duplicate explanations will be omitted as necessary. Furthermore, in this specification, the numerical range indicated by "to" includes the numerical values ​​before and after it as the lower and upper limits.

[0031] <Embodiment 1> Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of laminated glass according to embodiment 1. As shown in Fig. 1, laminated glass 100 according to embodiment 1 includes an outer panel 10, an interlayer film 20, and an inner panel 30 in this order.

[0032] The laminated glass 100 according to the first embodiment is applied to, for example, window glass in automobiles, buildings, ships, and the like. The laminated glass 100 is suitable for use as a laminated glass for vehicles. The laminated glass 100 is particularly suitable for use as a laminated glass for vehicle roofs, etc., due to its excellent visibility. Laminated glass for vehicle roofs is used in the roof of a vehicle. The laminated glass 100 is installed so that the surface facing the outer panel 10 faces the exterior or interior of the vehicle, and the surface facing the inner panel 30 faces the interior or interior of the vehicle. Hereinafter, "exterior or exterior of the vehicle" may be simply referred to as "exterior." Furthermore, "interior or interior of the vehicle" may be simply referred to as "interior." In FIG. 1 , the laminated glass 100 is illustrated as having a flat shape, but it is preferably curved. The curved shape may be curved in one direction or two or more directions. Curvature in one direction includes, for example, curvature in the longitudinal direction or the lateral direction of the laminated glass 100. Curvature in two or more directions includes, for example, curvature in the longitudinal and lateral directions of the laminated glass 100, as well as more complex, so-called three-dimensional shapes. The planar shape of the laminated glass 100 may be any shape, including rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, etc. The planar shape here refers to the shape of the laminated glass 100 when viewed from the normal direction of the surface of the outer panel 10.

[0033] The outer plate 10 and the inner plate 30 are glass plates. The type of glass constituting the outer plate 10 and the inner plate 30 is not particularly limited. The outer plate 10 and the inner plate 30 may be, for example, soda-lime silicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, borosilicate glass, etc. The outer plate 10 and the inner plate 30 are preferably soda-lime glass or aluminosilicate glass. In particular, it is more preferable that both the outer plate 10 and the inner plate 30 are soda-lime glass.

[0034] The outer and inner panels 10, 30 may have, for example, the following composition, expressed as a percentage of the total weight of the glass: SiO ２ 55 to 85% Al ２ O ３ 0-30% B ２ O ３ 0-20% Na ２O 0-25% CaO 0-20% MgO 0-15% K ２ O 0-20% BaO 0-20%

[0035] The outer and inner panels 10 and 30 preferably have the following composition, expressed as a percentage of the total weight of the glass: SiO ２ 55-78% Al ２ O ３ 0-18% B ２ O ３ 0-18% Na ２ O 5-20% CaO 0-10% MgO 0-10% K ２ O 0-10% BaO 0-5%

[0036] The outer and inner panels 10, 30 more preferably have the following composition, expressed as a percentage of the total weight of the glass: SiO ２ 65-78% Al ２ O ３ 0-6% B ２ O ３ 0-4% CaO 0-10% MgO 0-10% Na ２ O 5-20% K ２ O 0-10% BaO 0-5%

[0037] The outer panel 10 and the inner panel 30 may be colorless glass such as clear glass, or colored glass such as privacy glass. For example, if the inner panel 30 is clear glass, it may have a visible light transmittance of 75% or more. The visible light transmittance of the clear glass may be 80% or more, 85% or more, or 90% or more. If the inner panel 30 is privacy glass, it may have a visible light transmittance of less than 75%. The degree of coloring is not limited thereto, and glass panels having a visible light transmittance of, for example, 70% or less, 60% or less, 50% or less, 40% or less, or 30% or less may be used. The lower limit of the visible light transmittance of the glass panel is not particularly limited as long as the outside can be seen. The visible light transmittance of the glass panel may be, for example, 5% or more, 10% or more, 20% or more, or 30% or more. The visible light transmittance is a value measured using a measurement method in accordance with JIS R3212:2015. The outer panel 10 may be tempered glass such as physically tempered glass or chemically tempered glass, or may be untempered glass. The inner panel 30 may be tempered glass or untempered glass. Tempered glass may be, for example, untempered glass with a compressive stress layer formed on the surface. Since the stress distribution on the glass surface is not necessarily uniform and may have a pattern, the maximum value of the surface compressive stress may be used to express the degree of tempering. In this disclosure, physically tempered glass has a maximum surface compressive stress value in the range of 80 MPa to 200 MPa, chemically tempered glass has a maximum surface compressive stress value in the range of 300 MPa to 1000 MPa, and untempered glass has a maximum surface compressive stress value in the range of 0 MPa to 50 MPa. The surface compressive stress value can be measured using a glass surface stress meter (for example, FSM-7000H manufactured by Orihara Seisakusho).

[0038] The thicknesses of the outer plate 10 and the inner plate 30 may be the same or different. For example, the inner plate 30 may be thinner than the outer plate 10. The thickness of the outer plate 10 is preferably 0.1 mm or more, more preferably 0.5 mm or more, even more preferably 1.0 mm or more, particularly preferably 1.5 mm or more, and particularly more preferably 2.0 mm or more. The thickness of the outer plate 10 is preferably 3.0 mm or less, more preferably 2.5 mm or less, and preferably 2.0 mm or less. The thickness of the inner plate 30 is preferably 0.05 mm or more, more preferably 0.3 mm or more, even more preferably 0.8 mm or more, particularly preferably 1.3 mm or more, and particularly more preferably 1.8 mm or more. The thickness of the inner plate 30 is preferably 2.8 mm or less, more preferably 2.3 mm or less, and preferably 1.8 mm or less.

[0039] The interior panel 30 has an anti-glare surface 31 on its interior-facing surface. The anti-glare treatment is performed, for example, by etching a glass plate. When the anti-glare treatment is performed by etching a glass plate, the anti-glare surface 31 can be considered to be one surface portion of the interior panel 30. In other words, the anti-glare surface 31 can be considered to be formed from the glass that constitutes the interior panel 30. The arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the anti-glare surface 31 is 90 nm or more, preferably 95 nm or more, and more preferably 100 nm or more, from the viewpoint of suppressing reflections. The arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the anti-glare surface 31 is 170 nm or less, preferably 150 nm or less, and more preferably 130 nm or less, from the viewpoint of obtaining sufficient transmitted image clarity, i.e., obtaining a clear transmitted image. The arithmetic mean roughness Ra is a value measured by a method conforming to JIS B0601:2001 (ISO 4287:1997).

[0040] From the viewpoint of obtaining a clear transmitted image, the average length Rsm of the anti-glare surface 31 is preferably 35 nm or more, more preferably 40 nm or more, even more preferably 50 nm or more, and particularly preferably 65 nm or more. From the viewpoint of suppressing reflection, the average length Rsm of the anti-glare surface 31 is preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably 95 nm or less, and even more preferably 90 nm or less. The average length Rsm is a value measured by a method conforming to JIS B0601:2001 (ISO4287:1997).

[0041] The interlayer film 20 is preferably made of, for example, a transparent resin. Examples of resins that make up the interlayer film 20 include polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyvinyl chloride, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), cycloolefin polymer, urethane resin, and polyvinylidene fluoride resin (PVDF). The thickness of the interlayer film 20 is preferably 0.1 mm or more, more preferably 0.2 mm or more, and even more preferably 0.3 mm or more. The thickness of the interlayer film 20 is preferably 2.0 mm or less, more preferably 1.0 mm or less, and even more preferably 0.7 mm or less. The interlayer film 20 may be colorless or colored. The interlayer film 20 may be colored, for example, by being made of a resin containing a colorant such as a pigment. The interlayer film 20 may also have sound-insulating properties. Examples of interlayer films with sound-insulating properties include the sound-insulating interlayer films described in European Patent No. 1800855 or International Publication No. WO 2017 / 204121.

[0042] Visibility (clarity) represents the degree to which an image of an object matches that of the object when viewed through a glass plate. It has been confirmed that visibility correlates with the result of an observer's visual judgment of visibility, i.e., resolution, and exhibits behavior similar to human visual perception. For example, a glass plate exhibiting a small visibility index value T has poor visibility, while a glass plate exhibiting a large visibility index value T has good visibility. Therefore, the visibility index value T can be used as a quantitative index for judging the visibility of a glass plate.

[0043] The visibility index value T is quantified by the following method. The device for measuring the visibility index value T has a light source and an analyzer, and the laminated glass 100 is placed between the light source and the analyzer. The laminated glass 100 is placed 30 mm above a slit-shaped white light source that is 40 mm long and 0.1 mm wide, with the inner sheet 30 side of the laminated glass 100, i.e., the anti-glare surface 31 side, facing the light source. At this time, the analyzer is positioned on the outer sheet 10 side of the laminated glass 100. The light source emits a first light from the anti-glare surface 31 side toward the laminated glass 100 in a direction parallel to the thickness direction of the laminated glass 100. The analyzer detects and analyzes the luminance of the transmitted light when the first light passes through the laminated glass 100.

[0044] The analysis device used was an SMS-1000 manufactured by DM&S (Display-Messtechnik & Systeme). A C1614A lens with a focal length of 16 mm and an aperture of 5.6 was used as the camera lens. The distance from the anti-glare surface 31 of the laminated glass 100 to the camera lens was set to 550 mm. When the angle θ is set to 0° in the direction parallel to the thickness direction of the laminated glass 100, the average luminance value in the range of angle θ = 0° ± 0.1° is defined as T1, the average luminance value in the range of angle θ = 0.7° ± 0.1° is defined as T2, and the average luminance value in the range of angle θ = -0.7° ± 0.1° is defined as T3. In this case, the value calculated by the following formula (1) is defined as the visibility index value T. The minus (-) sign of the angle θ indicates that the angle is inclined counterclockwise with respect to the incident first light, and the plus (+) sign indicates that the angle is inclined clockwise with respect to the incident first light. Visibility index value T=(1-(T2+T3) / (2×T1))×100 Equation (1)

[0045] From the viewpoint of obtaining a clear transmitted image, the visibility index value T of the laminated glass 100 is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 81% or more, even more preferably 83% or more, and particularly preferably 85% or more. From the viewpoint of suppressing reflections, the visibility index value T of the laminated glass 100 is preferably 95% or less, more preferably 94% or less, and even more preferably 93% or less. When the laminated glass 100 is used as window glass, the impact on visibility is smaller even if the pixels are coarse, compared to when the laminated glass 100 is used as display glass. Therefore, the optimal value of the visibility index value T of the laminated glass 100 is considered to be low, i.e., in a region where light does not travel straight.

[0046] The reflection image diffuseness index value (R) represents the degree to which the reflected image of an object placed opposite a glass plate, such as the interior of a vehicle, matches the original object with clarity, and has been confirmed to correlate with the result of an observer's visual judgment of reflection and to exhibit behavior similar to human visual perception. For example, a glass plate with a small R value for the reflection image diffuseness index value (R) has poor performance in suppressing reflection, while a glass plate with a large R value for the reflection image diffuseness index value (R) has good performance in suppressing reflection.

[0047] The reflected image diffusion index value R is quantified using the following method. The measurement device for the reflected image diffusion index value R includes a light source and an analyzer, and is positioned so that the anti-glare surface 31 of the laminated glass 100 faces the light source and the analyzer. A black plate is placed on the outer panel 10 side of the laminated glass 100. The light source emits a 101 mm-wide slit-shaped second light toward the laminated glass 100. The second light is irradiated onto the laminated glass 100 at an angle of 5.7° clockwise, with the angle φ = 0° in the direction normal to the laminated glass 100, i.e., a direction parallel to the thickness direction of the glass sheets. Note that, because actual measurements involve errors, the angle φ more accurately falls within the range of 5.7° ± 0.1°. The analyzer receives the reflected light reflected at a predetermined angle from the anti-glare surface 31 and analyzes its luminance.

[0048] The analytical device used is an SMS-1000 manufactured by DM&S (Display-Messtechnik & Systeme). A C1614A lens with a focal length of 16 mm and an aperture of 5.6 is used as the camera lens. The distance from the anti-glare surface 31 of the laminated glass 100 to the camera lens is set to 300 mm, and the imaging scale is set to a range of 0.0276 to 0.0278. When the angle φ is set to 0° in the direction parallel to the thickness direction of the laminated glass 100, light is emitted from an angle φ = 5.7° ± 0.1°, and the angle φ = -5.7° at the time of total reflection is set as the reference, i.e., angle α = 0°. The average value of the luminance of the reflected light within the angle α range of 0°±0.1° is defined as R1, the average value of the luminance of the reflected light within the angle α range of 0.5°±0.1° is defined as R2, and the average value of the luminance of the reflected light within the angle α range of -0.5°±0.1° is defined as R3. In this case, the value calculated by the following formula (2) is defined as the reflected image diffusion index value R. Note that a minus (-) sign indicates that the angle is tilted counterclockwise with respect to the normal to the laminated glass 100, and a plus (+) sign indicates that the angle is tilted clockwise with respect to the normal to the laminated glass 100. Reflected image diffusion index value R=(R2+R3) / (2×R1)×100 Formula (2)

[0049] From the viewpoint of suppressing glare, the reflected image diffusion index value R of the laminated glass 100 is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 10% or more, even more preferably 15% or more, and particularly preferably 20% or more. From the viewpoint of obtaining a clear transmitted image, the reflected image diffusion index value R of the laminated glass 100 is preferably 55% or less, more preferably 50% or less, and even more preferably 45% or less. When the laminated glass 100 is used as window glass, coarse pixels have less of an effect on visibility compared to when the laminated glass 100 is used as display glass. Therefore, it is thought that the optimal value of the reflected image diffusion index value R of the laminated glass 100 is high, i.e., it is in a region with high scattering.

[0050] At least one of the main surfaces of the exterior panel 10 and the interior panel 30 may be provided with a coating having various functions. For example, the exterior panel 10 may have a heat-reflecting film, such as an infrared-reflecting film or an infrared-absorbing film, on the interior surface, i.e., the surface facing the interlayer film 20. The infrared-reflecting film selectively reflects infrared rays, thereby suppressing an increase in the interior temperature and suppressing thermal degradation of the interlayer film 20 and other components. The infrared-reflecting film may be composed of multiple layers. For example, the infrared-reflecting film may be configured such that at least one of the multiple layers contains an infrared-reflecting material. The infrared-reflecting material is a material that reflects infrared rays, and may be, for example, silver (Ag), transparent conductive oxides such as indium tin oxide and zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, or any other suitable material that blocks a significant amount of infrared radiation. The infrared-reflecting film may be configured, for example, to include a layer containing a dielectric (dielectric layer) and a layer containing Ag (Ag layer). The derivative may be, for example, silicon nitride, titanium oxide, silicon oxynitride, tin oxide, other types of metal (alloy) oxides, or other types of metal (alloy) nitrides. Examples of other types of metal oxides include zinc tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, nickel chromium oxide, silver oxide, and zinc oxide. The infrared reflective film may have a configuration in which an Ag layer is sandwiched between at least a pair of dielectric layers.

[0051] The infrared reflective film may also include multiple Ag layers. From the viewpoint of exhibiting sufficient infrared reflective performance and reducing manufacturing costs, the infrared reflective film preferably includes two, three, or four Ag layers. When the infrared reflective film includes two Ag layers, it is preferable that the infrared reflective film includes, from the outer panel 10 side, multiple dielectric layers, an Ag layer, multiple dielectric layers, an Ag layer, and multiple dielectric layers. When the infrared reflective film includes three Ag layers, it is preferable that the infrared reflective film includes, from the outer panel 10 side, multiple dielectric layers, an Ag layer, multiple dielectric layers, an Ag layer, multiple dielectric layers, an Ag layer, and multiple dielectric layers. When the infrared reflective film includes four Ag layers, it is preferable that the infrared reflective film includes, from the outer panel 10 side, multiple dielectric layers, an Ag layer, multiple dielectric layers, an Ag layer, multiple dielectric layers, an Ag layer, multiple dielectric layers, an Ag layer, and multiple dielectric layers. The multiple dielectric layers each contain different derivatives or have different derivative composition ratios.

[0052] When the infrared reflective film contains two Ag layers, the film thickness is preferably 500 nm or less, more preferably 400 nm or less, particularly preferably 300 nm or less, and particularly preferably 250 nm or less. When the infrared reflective film contains two Ag layers, the film thickness is preferably 50 nm or more, more preferably 100 nm or more, and particularly preferably 150 nm or more. When the infrared reflective film contains three Ag layers, the film thickness is preferably 600 nm or less, more preferably 500 nm or less, particularly preferably 400 nm or less, and particularly preferably 350 nm or less. When the infrared reflective film contains three Ag layers, the film thickness is preferably 100 nm or more, more preferably 150 nm or more, particularly preferably 200 nm or more, and particularly preferably 250 nm or more. When the infrared reflective film contains four Ag layers, the film thickness is preferably 700 nm or less, more preferably 600 nm or less, particularly preferably 500 nm or less, and particularly more preferably 450 nm or less. When the infrared reflective film contains four Ag layers, the film thickness is preferably 150 nm or more, more preferably 200 nm or more, particularly preferably 250 nm or more, and particularly more preferably 300 nm or more.

[0053] The exterior panel 10 may also have a self-cleaning film on its exterior surface. The self-cleaning film is a film that inhibits adhesion of organic and inorganic substances to the surface, or a film that provides the effect of easily removing the adhesions by wiping or other cleaning, even if organic or inorganic substances adhere to the surface. From the viewpoint of achieving the above-mentioned effect, the self-cleaning film is preferably formed on the outermost surface of the exterior panel 10. The self-cleaning film is not particularly limited as long as it can impart self-cleaning properties. For example, it may be a fluorine-containing organosilicon compound coating obtained by curing a fluorine-containing organosilicon compound through a hydrolysis and condensation reaction, or a non-fluorine-containing organosilicon compound coating obtained by curing a non-fluorine-containing organosilicon compound through a hydrolysis and condensation reaction.

[0054] When the self-cleaning film is a fluorine-containing organosilicon compound coating, the film thickness is preferably 0.1 to 20 nm, more preferably 1 to 15 nm, and even more preferably 2 to 10 nm. When the self-cleaning film is 2 nm or more, the glass substrate is uniformly covered with the self-cleaning film, making it practically usable in terms of abrasion resistance. Furthermore, when the self-cleaning film is 20 nm or less, the optical properties of the self-cleaning film are good. When the self-cleaning film is a non-fluorine-containing organosilicon compound coating, the film thickness is preferably thicker than when the self-cleaning film is a fluorine-containing organosilicon compound coating, and is preferably, for example, 0.1 to 30 nm.

[0055] The interior panel 30 may have a water-repellent film on its interior-facing surface. The water-repellent film is a film with high water repellency. The water-repellent film may be formed, for example, using a fluorine-containing organic compound or a fluorine-based resin, a silicone-containing organic compound or a silicone-based resin, etc. More specifically, it may be formed using a fluorine-containing organic silicon compound, a hydrolyzable fluorine-containing organic compound, or a silicone resin modified with a hydrolyzable silyl group, etc. The thickness of the water-repellent film is preferably 0.1 nm or more, and more preferably 1 nm or more, from the viewpoint of exerting the water-repellent effect. Furthermore, the thickness of the water-repellent film is preferably 10 nm or less, for example, from the viewpoint of productivity. When the interior panel 30 has a water-repellent film, adhesion of dirt to the anti-glare surface is suppressed and adhesion of dirt is easily removed. Furthermore, when the interior panel 30 has a water-repellent film, the surface is slippery, making it easier to maintain the uneven structure of the anti-glare surface even when the anti-glare surface is rubbed with a cloth or the like.

[0056] <Embodiment 2> In Embodiment 1, laminated glass having a single interlayer film was described. However, the present invention is also applicable to laminated glass having a multi-layer interlayer film and / or a functional sheet. In Embodiment 2, laminated glass having a multi-layer interlayer film and a functional sheet is described. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of laminated glass according to Embodiment 2. As shown in FIG. 2, laminated glass 200 according to Embodiment 2 includes an outer panel 10, an interlayer film 40, and an inner panel 30, in this order. The outer panel 10 and inner panel 30 of the laminated glass 200 are the same as those described in Embodiment 1, and therefore their description will be omitted. The interlayer film 40 includes a first interlayer film 41, a light-controlling sheet 42, and a second interlayer film 43, in this order. The configurations of the first interlayer film 41 and the second interlayer film 43 are the same as those of the interlayer film 20 described in Embodiment 1, and therefore their description will be omitted. The light-controlling sheet 42 has a light-controlling function in which its transmittance changes depending on the applied voltage. By adjusting the applied voltage, the light-controlling sheet 42 can reversibly control the transmission of visible light and near-infrared light through the laminated glass 200. The transmission state can be expressed, for example, by visible light transmittance or haze.

[0057] The light-modulating sheet 42 can be made of a suspended particle device (SPD), a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), a polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC), a guest-host liquid crystal (GHLC), a twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal, a phase change (PC) liquid crystal, a super twisted nematic (STN) liquid crystal, an electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) liquid crystal, an optically compensated bend (OCB) liquid crystal, an in-place switching (IPS) liquid crystal, a vertical alignment (VA) liquid crystal, a fringe field switching (FFS) liquid crystal, a field-induced photo-reactive alignment (FPA) liquid crystal, an electrochromic element, an electrokinetic element, an organic electroluminescence (EL) element, an inorganic EL element, or the like. Among these, SPD, PDLC, PNLC, GHLC, TN type liquid crystal, PC type liquid crystal, STN type liquid crystal, ECB type liquid crystal, OCB type liquid crystal, IPS type liquid crystal, VA type liquid crystal, FFS type liquid crystal, FPA type liquid crystal, and electrochromic elements can be suitably used for the light-controlling sheet 42.

[0058] When measuring the visibility index value T and the reflected image diffusion index value R of the laminated glass 100, the measurements are made with the light controlling sheet 42 in the OFF state. Here, "turning off the light controlling sheet 42" means minimizing the parallel light transmittance of the laminated glass 200 by adjusting the voltage applied to the light controlling sheet 42. In other words, "turning off the light controlling sheet 42" means putting the laminated glass 10 in a state where light cannot pass through it in a straight line as much as possible.

[0059] Third Embodiment The present invention is also applicable to laminated glass having a low-emissivity film on the interior-facing surface of the inner panel 30. The present invention is also applicable to laminated glass having a light-controlling sheet and a low-emissivity film on the interior-facing surface of the inner panel 30. Hereinafter, with reference to FIG. 3 , a case in which a low-emissivity film is provided on laminated glass without a light-controlling sheet will be described. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of laminated glass according to the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3 , the laminated glass 300 according to the third embodiment includes an outer panel 10, an interlayer 20, an inner panel 30, and a low-emissivity film 50, in this order. The inner panel 30 has the low-emissivity film 50 on an anti-glare surface 31. In other words, the low-emissivity film 50 is in contact with the anti-glare surface 31. The outer panel 10, the interlayer 20, and the inner panel 30 of the laminated glass 300 are the same as those described in the first embodiment, and therefore description thereof will be omitted. The low-emissivity film 50 may include, for example, a first dielectric layer 51, a transparent conductive layer 52, and other layers. In the example shown in FIG. 3, a case where the low-emissivity film 50 includes a first dielectric layer 51 and a transparent conductive layer 52 will be described.

[0060] The normal emissivity of the surface of the low-emissivity film 50, i.e., the surface facing the room, is 0.3 or less, preferably 0.25 or less, more preferably 0.2 or less, and even more preferably 0.15 or less. The normal emissivity of the surface facing the room of the low-emissivity film 50 is preferably 0.1 or more. The normal emissivity may be a value measured using, for example, a handheld simple emissivity meter. The ambient temperature during measurement is maintained at room temperature of 25°C. The simple emissivity meter measures resistance and estimates emissivity from a calibration curve of resistance and emissivity. The normal emissivity may also be a value measured using an FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) device that evaluates cut-out glass. The FTIR device measures the absorptivity at each wavelength to determine the normal emissivity.

[0061] The first dielectric layer 51 preferably contains an oxide or oxynitride of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, Ta, Zn, Al, In, Si, and Zr. The thickness of the first dielectric layer 51 is preferably 20 nm or more, more preferably 25 nm or more, and even more preferably 30 nm or more. The thickness of the first dielectric layer 51 is preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably 90 nm or less, and even more preferably 80 nm or less.

[0062] The transparent conductive layer 52 is preferably an ITO (indium tin oxide) layer, a tin oxide layer, a fluorine-doped tin oxide layer, an antimony-doped tin oxide layer, a silver layer, a zirconium nitride layer, or a titanium nitride layer. The transparent conductive layer 52 may contain an additive. When the transparent conductive layer 52 is an ITO layer, the additive may be, for example, Ga, Zn, Al, and / or Nb. When the transparent conductive layer 52 is an ITO layer, the proportion of tin oxide contained in the ITO layer is preferably 5% by mass or more and 12.5% ​​by mass or less, and more preferably 6.5% by mass or more and 11% by mass or less, from the viewpoint of reducing resistance. Furthermore, the ITO layer may contain less than 50% by mass of other materials in addition to ITO. The other materials contained in the ITO layer may be, for example, sodium, lead, and / or iron.

[0063] When the transparent conductive layer 52 is an ITO layer, the film thickness of the transparent conductive layer 52 is preferably 80 nm or more, more preferably 100 nm or more, and even more preferably 110 nm or more. When the transparent conductive layer 52 is an ITO layer, the film thickness of the transparent conductive layer 52 is preferably 150 nm or less, more preferably 140 nm or less, and even more preferably 130 nm or less.

[0064] When the transparent conductive layer 52 is an ITO layer, the low-emissivity film 50 may have a second dielectric layer on the transparent conductive layer 52, i.e., on the indoor-facing surface. The second dielectric layer preferably contains an oxide or oxynitride of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, Ta, Zn, Al, In, Si, and Zr. The thickness of the second dielectric layer is preferably 40 nm or more, more preferably 45 nm or more, and even more preferably 50 nm or more. The thickness of the second dielectric layer is preferably 120 nm or less, more preferably 110 nm or less, and even more preferably 100 nm or less.

[0065] When the transparent conductive layer 52 is a tin oxide layer such as a fluorine-doped tin oxide layer or an antimony-doped tin oxide layer, the film thickness of the transparent conductive layer 52 is 250 nm or more, preferably 280 nm or more. When the transparent conductive layer 52 is a tin oxide layer, the film thickness of the transparent conductive layer 52 is 400 nm or less, preferably 350 nm or less.

[0066] When the transparent conductive layer 52 is a silver layer, the film thickness of the transparent conductive layer 52 is 5 nm or more, preferably 10 nm or more. When the transparent conductive layer 52 is a silver layer, the film thickness of the transparent conductive layer 52 is 100 nm or less, preferably 50 nm or less.

[0067] The arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface of the low-emissivity film 50 is 90 nm or more, preferably 95 nm or more, and more preferably 100 nm or more, from the viewpoint of suppressing reflection. The arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface of the low-emissivity film 50 is 170 nm or less, preferably 150 nm or less, and more preferably 130 nm or less, from the viewpoint of obtaining a clear transmitted image. The arithmetic mean roughness Ra is a value measured by a method conforming to JIS B0601:2001 (ISO4287:1997).

[0068] From the viewpoint of obtaining a clear transmitted image, the average length Rsm of the surface of the low-emissivity film 50 is preferably 35 nm or more, more preferably 40 nm or more, even more preferably 50 nm or more, and particularly preferably 65 nm or more. From the viewpoint of suppressing reflection, the average length Rsm of the surface of the low-emissivity film 50 is preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably 95 nm or less, and even more preferably 90 nm or less. The average length Rsm is a value measured by a method conforming to JIS B0601:2001 (ISO4287:1997).

[0069] The low-emissivity film 50 may have a reflection adjustment layer on the indoor side of the transparent conductive layer 52. Furthermore, when the low-emissivity film 50 has a second dielectric layer, the reflection adjustment layer may be provided on the indoor side of the second dielectric layer. The reflection adjustment layer preferably contains an oxide or oxynitride of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, Ta, Zn, Al, In, Si, and Zr.

[0070] The low-emissivity film 50 may have a color correction layer between the inner plate 30 and the transparent conductive layer 52. The color correction layer may contain an oxide or oxynitride of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, Ta, Zn, Al, In, Si, and Zr. The color correction layer may be composed of multiple layers including, in order from the inner plate 30 side, a first layer and a second layer.

[0071] The low-emissivity film 50 may have an adhesion-improving layer between the transparent conductive layer 52 and the reflection adjustment layer. The adhesion-improving layer is preferably made of a metal oxide such as tin oxide, zinc oxide, or cerium oxide.

[0072] Next, examples of the present invention will be described. As samples according to the examples, laminated glass samples were prepared by the following method.

[0073] First, a 1.9 mm thick glass plate was washed with an aqueous cleaner and dried. The glass plate measured 100 mm x 100 mm. Tape was attached to one side of the glass plate to protect it during the etching process. Next, the glass plate was immersed in 200 mL of an acid etching solution at 20-25°C for a predetermined time. Finally, the glass plate was removed and immediately washed with an aqueous cleaner. The composition of the glass plate used was as follows: SiO2 72% by mass, Al2O 1.4% by mass, Na2O 13% by mass, CaO 7.9% by mass, MgO 4.5% by mass, and KO 0.2% by mass. The chemical etching conditions for each sample are shown in Table 1. The samples of Examples 9 and 10 were not subjected to chemical etching.

[0074]

[0075] Next, for the samples according to Examples 9 to 12, a low-emissivity film was formed on the chemically etched inner plate. Specifically, a film of Si-containing ZrO2 (Si content 5% by mass: ZSO) (refractive index at a wavelength of 630 nm = 2.12) was formed on the chemically etched surface as the first layer of the color correction layer. Next, a SiO2 layer was formed on the Zr-containing SiO2 layer as the second layer of the color correction layer by sputtering. Next, an ITO layer was formed on the color correction layer as a transparent conductive layer by sputtering. Note that the inner plate was not heated during the film formation. This resulted in an amorphous ITO layer. Next, a SiO2 layer was formed on the ITO layer as a transparent conductive layer by sputtering. The inner plate was then heated at 650°C for 7 minutes.

[0076] The thickness of each layer in the low emissivity films of the samples according to Examples 9 to 12 is shown in Table 2 below.

[0077]

[0078] Laminated glass was prepared using glass sheets that had not been chemically etched, i.e., outer sheets, inner sheets, and an interlayer film. The interlayer film used was SL47-5202 manufactured by Eastman Chemical. In this manner, laminated glass samples according to Examples 1 to 12 were obtained. Examples 1 to 2 and 9 to 10 are comparative examples, and Examples 3 to 8 and 11 to 12 are working examples. Measurements and sensitivity tests were conducted to evaluate the samples prepared in this manner.

[0079] <Measurement> An SMS-1000 manufactured by DM&S (Display-Messtechnik & Systeme) was used as an analyzer to measure the visibility index value T and the reflected image diffuseness index value R. The arithmetic mean roughness Ra and the mean length Rsm were measured by a method in accordance with JIS B0601:2001 (ISO4287:1997).

[0080] <Sensory test> The clarity of the transmitted image when the laminated glass was viewed from the indoor side was evaluated sensorily using the following three-level scale: 1: The transmitted image was not visible; 2: The transmitted image was visible but lacked clarity; 3: The transmitted image was clearly visible.

[0081] When the laminated glass was viewed from inside the room, the reflection of the interior of the room onto the laminated glass was evaluated using the following four-point scale: 1: The boundary of the reflected image is clearly visible; 2: The boundary of the reflected image is unclear but visible; 3: The boundary of the reflected image is not visible; 4: The reflected image is not visible.

[0082] Table 3 below shows the measurement results and sensitivity test results for the samples according to Examples 1 to 12.

[0083]

[0084] As shown in Table 1, the samples of Examples 3 to 8 and 11 to 12 had an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the anti-glare surface of 90 to 170 nm. Furthermore, the samples of Examples 3 to 8 and 11 to 12 had a visibility index value T of 80 to 95% and a reflected image diffusion index value R of 5 to 55%. The samples of Examples 3 to 8 and 11 to 12 had a transmitted image clarity of 2 or more, which was good. The samples of Examples 3 to 8 and 11 to 12 had a glare index of 2 or more, which was good.

[0085] Furthermore, as shown in Table 1, the samples of Examples 3, 5, 7 to 8, and 11 to 12 had an average length Rsm of the anti-glare surface of 35 to 100 nm. The samples of Examples 3, 5, 7, and 11 to 12 had a transmitted image clarity of 3, which was particularly good.

[0086] The present invention has been described above in accordance with the above-mentioned embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the above-mentioned embodiment, and naturally includes various modifications, alterations, and combinations that a person skilled in the art can make within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims of this application.

[0087] 100, 200, 300 Laminated glass 10 Outer panel 30 Inner panel 31 Anti-glare surface 20, 40 Interlayer 41 First interlayer 42 Light control sheet 43 Second interlayer 50 Low-emissivity film 51 First dielectric layer 52 Transparent conductive layer The entire contents of the specification, claims, drawings and abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-002051, filed on January 10, 2024, are hereby incorporated by reference as the disclosure of the specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laminated glass having an outer plate, an intermediate film, and an inner plate in this order, wherein the inner plate has an antiglare surface with an antiglare treatment on the indoor surface, and the antiglare surface has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of 90 nm or more and 170 nm or less. The laminated glass.

2. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the antiglare surface has an average length Rsm of 35 nm or more and 100 nm or less.

3. The laminated glass according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the laminated glass has a visibility index value T of 80% or more and 95% or less.

4. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the laminated glass has a reflected image diffusibility index value R of 5% or more and 55% or less.

5. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the laminated glass has two intermediate films and a dimming sheet provided between the two intermediate films.

6. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, having a low-emissivity film on the antiglare surface of the inner plate, and having a first dielectric layer and a transparent conductive layer in this order from the antiglare surface side, wherein the transparent conductive layer is one selected from an ITO layer, a tin oxide layer, a fluorine-doped tin oxide layer, an antimony-doped tin oxide layer, a silver layer, a zirconium nitride layer, or a titanium nitride layer.

7. The laminated glass according to claim 6, wherein the normal emissivity on the surface of the low-emissivity film is 0.3 or less.

8. The laminated glass according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the first dielectric layer contains an oxide or oxynitride of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, Ta, Zn, Al, In, Si, and Zr.

9. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the film thickness of the first dielectric layer is 20 nm or more and 100 nm or less.

10. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the transparent conductive layer is an ITO layer, and the film thickness of the transparent conductive layer is 50 nm or more and 150 nm or less.

11. The laminated glass according to claim 10, wherein the low-emissivity film has a second dielectric layer on the indoor side of the transparent conductive layer, and the second dielectric layer contains an oxide or oxynitride of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, Ta, Zn, Al, In, Si, and Zr.

12. The thickness of the second dielectric layer is 50 nm or more and 120 nm or less. The laminated glass according to claim 11.

13. The transparent conductive layer is a tin oxide layer, and the thickness of the transparent conductive layer is 250 nm or more and 400 nm or less. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 6 to 9.

14. The transparent conductive layer is a silver layer, and the thickness of the transparent conductive layer is 5 nm or more and 100 nm or less. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 6 to 9.

15. The low-emissivity film has a reflection adjustment layer on the indoor surface side of the transparent conductive layer. The reflection adjustment layer contains at least one metal oxide or oxynitride selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, Ta, Zn, Al, In, Si, and Zr. The laminated glass according to claim 10.

16. The surface of the low-emissivity film has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of 90 nm or more and 170 nm or less. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 6 to 15.

17. The surface of the low-emissivity film has an average length Rsm of 35 nm or more and 100 nm or less. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 6 to 16.

18. A vehicle laminated glass having the laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

19. A vehicle roof laminated glass having the laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

20. A laminated glass having an outer plate, an intermediate film, and an inner plate in this order, wherein the visibility index value T of the laminated glass is 80% or more and 95% or less, and the reflection image diffusibility index value R of the laminated glass is 5% or more and 55% or less. Laminated glass.

Images