Power generation from nothing and ambient energy and challenging the conventional boundaries set by the first law of thermodynamics

Description

[0001] Power generation from ambient energy and nothing

[0002] Description:

[0003] The innovation pertains to a novel method of energy generation that challenges the traditional limitations set by the first law of thermodynamics. By combining a cascade refrigeration or heat pump cycle with a power plant cycle, each utilizing specific refrigerants (Ammonia / propane for refrigeration cycle and Propane for power plant cycle), and experimenting with 10 different refrigerants, the invention explores the generation of energy from ambient sources and a part of nothing.

[0004] The system incorporates key components, including compressors, turbines, heat exchangers, fluid pumps, flash intercooler and expanders, strategically arranged to achieve optimal efficiency. Notably, the expander in the refrigeration cycle contributes to the energy generation process by powering the fluid pump, highlighting a self-sustaining aspect of the innovation.

[0005] Furthermore, the method is not restricted to a specific set of refrigerants; it extends to other fluids or gases or refrigerants, offering flexibility in adaptation while maintaining efficiency. The unique combination of two cycles, along with the possibility of multi-stage / multi cascade refrigeration or power plant cycles, distinguishes this innovation from existing energy generation methods.

[0006] This groundbreaking approach challenges established thermodynamic principles, providing a foundation for achieving higher energy generation efficiency. The claim asserts ownership over the distinct combination of cycles, specific component arrangements, and the overall methodology, positioning it as a pioneering solution in energy generation.

[0007]

[0008] Figure 1: Schematic diagram of integrated / Combined (Cascade) refrigeration / power plant cycle.

[0009] 1- Refrigeration cycle (Cycle A):

[0010] The refrigeration cycle works stimulatingly as a heat source and refrigerator.

[0011] As drown in fig.l: la-2a: (Propane cycle) The vaporized Propane is in a low-pressure stage isentropic process compressed, which increases its temperature and pressure. This high-pressure, high-temperature propane gas is then pushed into the heat exchanger 2 to transfer heat to the ammonia cycle.

[0012] 3a-4a: (Ammonia cycle) The vaporized ammonia (in heat exchanger 2) is in a high-pressure stage isentropic process compressed, which increases its temperature and pressure. This high-pressure, high-temperature gas is then pushed into the condenser (Heat Exchanger 1 / Boiler).

[0013] 4a-5a: (Ammonia cycle) In the condenser (heat exchanger 1), the hot ammonia releases heat to the heat exchanger (as boiler or heat source for Power generator cycle), causing it to condense into a high-pressure liquid.

[0014] 5a-6a: (Ammonia cycle) the heat will be subcooled to the intercooler temperature through cooled high pressured Propane liquid, which comes from heat exchanger 3 in the power generator cycle (through heat exchanger 4).

[0015] 6a-7a: (Ammonia cycle) the high pressured and subcooled ammonia will be (through expander 1) expanded and its pressure drops to the saturated liquid pressure at the same temperature.

[0016] 7a-3a: (Ammonia cycle) the saturated, low-pressure ammonia liquid absorbs heat from hot propane gas at heat exchanger 2. Through the absorbed heat, the liquid increases its enthalpy and converts to saturated ammonia vapor.

[0017] 2a-8a: (Propane cycle) high pressured, superheated and compressed hot gas Propane release its heat to the ammonia cycle and drops its temperature to the saturated fluid at the same pressure.

[0018] 8a-9a: the saturated propane liquid will be subcooled again to the low-pressure evaporation temperature through subcooled high-pressured Propane liquid (in the power plant cycle), which comes from Propane flash intercooler (through heat exchanger 3).

[0019] 9a-10a: The Mittel-pressure subcooled liquid propane passes through an expander which the generated power will be used as a port of power in pumping process of power generation cycle and where it undergoes a expansion, leading to a decrease in temperature and pressure. This very low- pressure, very low-temperature liquid then enters the flash intercooler to repeat the cycle. lOa-la: The saturated propane vapor through intern will be compressed through low pressure propane compressor. 2- Power Plant Cycle (Cycle B):

[0020] The cycle is considered as a non-fired Propane power plant, without the combustion process. In this type of power plant, propane is used as the working fluid.

[0021] The cycle starts as shown in Figure 1 and the propane is pumped (3b-4b) of subcooled liquid propane and after that by absorption of heat in the first stage from condensed propane (in power plant cycle through heat exchanger 3, (process 4b-5b)) and in the second stage is again preheated by heat transfer from the liquid saturated with high pressure ammonia or heat exchanger 4 (5b-6b) and as third time through preheated ambient air (heat exchanger 4, (6b-7b)) and as last time from heat released from high pressure / high temperature / superheated ammonia (from heat exchanger 1, (7b- lb)) to raise the temperature and superheat propane to 77 °C (due to the higher temperature of the ammonia refrigeration system after compressing the ammonia at 87 °C).

[0022] The heated, high-pressured superheated Propane is then sent to the turbine (lb-2b), where it expands and produces mechanical work. The work produced by the turbine is used to power a generator and generate electricity (Wp).

[0023] After the expansion process, the propane is cooled down by passing it through propane flash intercooler, where it releases heat to a lower-temperature sink (2b-3b). This heat can be exchanged for evaporating propane at propane flash intercooler to be sucked into propane compressor.

[0024] Finally, the saturated propane liquid is sent back to the heat exchanger 3 to start the cycle again.

[0025] This type of combined refrigerator / power plant can be an option for generating electricity from nothing and ambient air, the amount energy which will be exchanged at heat exchanger 3 and 4 serve as a heat source and supplies some of the energy produced in the turbine, which come from nothing.

[0026] This type of combined refrigerator / power plant can be an option for generating electricity from nothing and ambient air, the amount energy which will be exchanged at heat exchanger 3 and 4 serve as a heat source and supplies some of the energy produced in the turbine, which come from nothing.

[0027] The system which I named ZERO GENERATOR works in different temperature condition and with different refrigerants / fluids differently and as a sample I showed and attached the equation of the energy, and I showed it works in +20 / -40 °C temperature (the ambient temperature is +20°C and the evaporation temp is -40°C).

[0028] The results are astounding, with the efficiency of the system calculated to be approximately 180%.

[0029] The equations for one specific ambient temperature are provided below. For other ambient temperatures or conditions, the details are available in an Excel sheet and illustrated through the cycle diagram.

[0030] It's worth noting that numerous fluids and gases could potentially offer even greater efficiency for this system. However, the key innovation here is the method of generating power through the difference in coefficients of performance (COP) when both gases function in a refrigeration system. By exploiting this difference, I realized it's possible to create power seemingly from nothing and a port from ambient energy. In the initial condition and example provided, I demonstrate the amount of energy that can be produced from nothing and how much is derived from ambient sources. These findings pose a significant challenge to the foundations of classical thermodynamics.

[0031] I am also currently developing intelligent software designed to optimize temperature conditions for the best efficiency of the system.

[0032] Currently, I have secured interest from several sponsors keen on manufacturing this system, pending international and national patenting.

[0033] First condition, as shown in diagrams. 1,2 and 3:

[0034] Condition +20 °C / -40 °C:

[0035] This condition involves +20 °C as the ambient temperature and -40 °C as the evaporating temperature, featuring internal heat exchange. The marked points in Diagrams 1 and 2 represent the enthalpies of defined states (e.g., la, 2a, etc.) and are derived from the properties tables / P-H diagrams of ammonia (R717) and Propane (R290). These enthalpies are listed in the accompanying Excel sheet, along with the formulation of thermodynamics. The equations shown here are for verifying the calculations provided in Excel.

[0036] 3- Energy equations:

[0037] 3.1. Refrigeration Cycle:

[0038] Energy equations of ammonia refrigeration system:

[0039] The specific enthalpies are considered per kj / kg, and the COP is calculated based on an assumed ammonia mass flow of 5 kg / s (M'l) to determine final efficiency. This could alternatively be calculated using the mass rate ratio from one cycle to propane (M'3 / M'l). However, to better understand the process, an assumed ammonia flow rate of 5 kg / s is used and M'2 is assumed as propane flow rate in the refrigeration cycle and is calculated 5 kg / s. la: Saturated propane vapor in the suction position at -40°C; specific enthalpy: hl=hg=528 kj / kg.

[0040] 2a: Superheated propane after first isentropic process at about -10°C; specific enthalpy: h2=hg= 564 kj / kg.

[0041] 3a: Saturated ammonia vapor in the suction position at -20°C; specific enthalpy: h3=hg=1437 kj / kg

[0042] 4a: Superheated ammonia after isentropic process at 87°C; specific enthalpy: h4=hg= 1650 kj / kg

[0043] 5a: Saturated and condensed ammonia liquid at +20°C at 8.5 bar; h5=hf=293 kj / kg.

[0044] 6a: Subcooled ammonia liquid at approximately -20°C and 8.5 bar; h6=hf=108 kj / kg.

[0045] 7a: Saturated and expanded ammonia liquid at -20 °C and at 1.9 bar; h7=hf=108 kj / kg.

[0046] 8a: Saturated propane liquid at approximately -20°C and 2,9 bar; h8=hf=151 kj / kg.

[0047] 9a: Subcooled propane liquid at approximately -40°C and 2,9 bar; h6=hf=105 kj / kg.

[0048] 10a: Saturated and expanded propane liquid at -40 °C and at 1.1 bar; h8=hf=105 kj / kg.

[0049] (Note: This is necessary for heat transfer between high-pressured, pumped-up cold propane liquid and high-pressured, condensed and propane and ammonia at -20°C and +20°C to increase cooling capacities Qc rl and Qc r2). Assumed propane flow rate at refrigeration cycle = M'l = 5 kg / s

[0050] The mass flow rate of ammonia refrigeration cycle (M'2) will be calculated:

[0051] Q'hrl=Q.'cr2; M'l(h2-h8)=M'2(h3-h7) ; M'2= 1.55 kg / s

[0052] Q'hr tot = Q'hr2 + Q' ex = (1650 - 293) *1.55 + (293-108)*1.55+ (151-105)*5= 2625 kW

[0053] Q'ex= Q'exl + Q'ex2= 517 kW

[0054] Qcrl = Q.c = hl - hlO = 528 - 105 = 423 kj / kg Q'cr = 423*5 = 2115 kW

[0055] W com tot = W com LP +W com HP = M'l(h2 - hl) + M'2(h4 - h3) = 102,8 + 180 = 282.8 kW

[0056] COP as a heat pump = Qh tot / W tot = 2625 / 282 ~ 8.47

[0057] Diagramm 1: P-H Diagrarmm of ammonia refrigeration cycle at work tempretures (+20°C / -20°C).

[0058] Diagramm 2: P-H Diagrarmm of propane refrigeration cycle at work tempretures (-20°C / -40°C).

[0059]

[0060] Table 1: Energy equation of whole refrigeration system in excel sheet.

[0061] 3.2. Energy equations of Propane power plant: lb: Superheated hot gas at approximately 25°C and 8.3 bar; hl = hgl = 630 kj / kg.

[0062] (Note: The actual final superheated temperature should be 77°C, due to the different temperatures at the heat exchanger releasing heat from the ammonia refrigeration condenser.)

[0063] 2b: Saturated vapor or slightly superheated Propane after expansion from the turbine to 1:1 bar; specific enthalpy: h2 = hg2 = 528 kj / kg.

[0064] 3b: Saturated condensed Propane liquid at -40°C and at 1.1 bar; h3 = hf3 = 105 kj / kg.

[0065] 4b: Subcooled Propane liquid at -40°C and 8.3 bar; h4 = hf4 = 105 kj / kg.

[0066] 5b: Subcooled Propane Liquid at approximately -20°C and 8.3 bar; h5 = hf5 = 151 kj / kg.

[0067] 6b: Subcooled Propane Liquid at approximately +4°C and 8.3 bar; h6 = hf6 = 208 kj / kg.

[0068] 7b: Saturated Propane liquid at +20°C at 8.3 bar; h7 = hf7 = 293 kj / kg.

[0069] Qhtot = hl - h4 = 630 - 105 = 525 kj / kg

[0070] Qh (absorbed from ammonia cycle) = Qh + Qh exl + Qh ex2= 379 + 46 + 57 = 482 kj / kg

[0071] Qh ex tot(heat exchanger) = 46+57 = 103.5 kj / kg

[0072] Qha (air cooler) = 251 - 208 = 43 kj / kg

[0073] Qc p = h2 - h3 = 528 - 105 = 423 kj / kg

[0074] Wt = hl - h2 = 630 - 528 = 102 kj / kg

[0075] COP (if the system operates as a heat pump) = Qhp tot / wt = 525 / 102 ~ 5.15

[0076] Qc'r = Qc'p = 2115 kW => M'3= Qc'p / Qc p = 2115 / 423 = 5 kg / s

[0077] Qh'ex (double check) = 517.5 kW ~ 103.5 * 5 kg / s = 517.5 kW (both values are nearly equal)

[0078] Qh'tot = 525 * 5 ~ 2625 kW Qh' air = 42.5 * 5 ~ 212 kW = 2625 - 1895 - 517.5 ~ 212 kW

[0079] Q'h = (103+379 ) * 5= 2410 kW ~ Qh of ammonia for 2396 kW

[0080] W't= 102*5=510 kW = (W't / W'c) = 510 / 282 = 1.29 = 180.31%

[0081] Diagramm 3: P-H Diagrarmm of Propane power plant at work tempretures (+20°C / -40°C)

[0082] Table 2: Energy equation of propane power plant and efficiency of the zero generator.

[0083] *: the difference in enthalpy extraction has a limited impact, not exceeding an 3% variation in the system's efficiency calculation.

[0084] The efficiency of 180% of the system indicates that this system can generate electricity by harnessing molecular energy from the air and apart from nothing, achieving an overall efficiency of 180%. For the first time, a system has been designed that can demonstrate the ability to generate 80 % more energy than it receives. The conditions for the rest of the temperatures and situations are also very promising. Continuing on, the efficiency results of this system for ambient temperature conditions of +40 degrees and -20 degrees have also been provided. It should be noted that the efficiency of this system can be better than the value calculated in this document:

[0085] Condition: +40°C / -10°C / -30°C

[0086] Diagramm 4: P-H Diagrarmm of ammonia refrigeration cycle at work tempretures (+40°C / 0°C).

[0087] Diagramm 5: P-H Diagrarmm of propane refrigeration cycle at work tempretures (-10°C / -30°C).

[0088]

[0089] Diagramm 6: P-H Diagrarmm of Propane power plant at work tempretures (+40°C / -30°C)

[0090] Table 3: Energy equation for the whole system of the zero generator (integrated system)

[0091] 0= (W't / W'c) =500 / 294.9=169.56%

[0092] Condition: +-20°C / -40°C / -60°C:

[0093] Diagramm 7: P-H Diagrarmm of ammonia refrigeration cycle at work tempretures (-20°C / -40°C).

[0094] Diagramm 8: P-H Diagrarmm of propane refrigeration cycle at work tempretures (-40°C / -70°C).

[0095]

[0096] Diagramm 9: P-H Diagrarmm of Propane power plant at work tempretures (-20°C / -70°C)

[0097] Table 4: Energy equation for the whole system of the zero generator (integrated system) n-= (W't / W'c) =441 / 271,8=162,26%

Claims

Power generation from ambient energy and nothingClaim:A method for generating energy comprising: a. Combining a Cascade refrigeration or heat pump cycle utilizing refrigerants Ammonia(R717) and Propane (R290) with a power plant cycle utilizing refrigerant Propane (R290); b. Utilizing 10 different refrigerants in said combined cycles to explore and optimize energy generation efficiency. c. Employing a compressor, turbine, evaporator / condenser heat exchanger, condenser / boiler heat exchanger, flash intercooler, sub-cooling / pre-heating heat exchanger, air cooler for ambient energy extraction, fluid pump, and expander in the refrigeration cycle. d. Incorporating a fluid pump to elevate fluid pressure from a lower stage to a higher pressure. e. Harnessing energy generation from the expander in the refrigeration cycle to power the fluid pump. f. Achieving an efficiency of 180 % through the distinct combination of refrigeration and power plant cycles with different Coefficient of Performance (COP) values. g. Additionally, there are other cycle combinations that are expected to work astonishingly well, but at different temperatures and with different refrigerants. This includes the combination of R12 and R22. In this combination, R12 is the refrigerant used in the refrigeration cycle. Assuming a system initially designed for R22, it is possible to use R22 as the desired fluid in a power plant under conditions with ambient temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius. In this cycle, it is feasible to achieve an efficiency of 178%. This high efficiency is due to finding solutions for higher temperatures. However, this cycle is only briefly mentioned here and requires further research and investigation.

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