Electrical generator employing linear harmonic induction drive

Abstract

An electrical power generator is provided having at least one 3-tuple of elements (i.e., 3-part assembly) that includes a stationary linear coil subassembly disposed between an upper linear oscillating magnet subassembly and a lower linear oscillating magnet subassembly. The upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies can be mounted to an oscillatory support frame. A transmission can be configured to convert rotation of an input shaft to linear oscillatory motion of the oscillatory support frame and the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies mounted thereon. Linear oscillatory motion of magnets of the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies can induce a time-varying alternating current signal in a serpentine coil structure of the stationary linear coil subassembly. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Description

ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION EMPLOYING A LINEAR OSCILLATORY MACHINE BACKGROUND 1. Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to electrical power generator systems that generate an alternating current power supply signal. 2. Prior Art

[0002] A permanent magnet linear generator (PMLG) is simply a generator made up of a stator, translator, and air gap. The stator typically includes copper windings and laminated ferromagnetic material which aim at minimizing eddy current losses in the copper windings. The translator includes permanent magnets that move relative to the stator to produce a time-varying electromagnetic field. The stator converts the time- varying electric field produced by the translator into electrical energy. The permanent magnets can be rings, cylinders, or rectangles and made of rare earth material. Depending on the required force and the air gap magnetic field, the magnets can be arranged radially, axially, or in Halbach fashion. PMLG has several distinct advantages including high efficiency, i.e., >90%, small air gap, and a small size. However, there are several challenges and hurdles that must be overcome including demagnetization of the permanent magnets due to temperature rise, high cogging force which can produce noise and vibration, and the high cost of the permanent magnets.

[0003] A free-piston linear generator (FPLG) uses combustion of fuel to drive linear oscillating motion of a connecting rod and magnets coupled thereto. The magnets move through a stator (one or more induction coils with laminated ferromagnetic material). The stator converts the linear oscillating motion of the magnets into electrical energy. Because of its versatility, low weight and high efficiency, the FPLG can be used in a wide range ofapplications, although it is of special interest to the mobility industry as range extenders for electric vehicles.

[0004] The FPLG has many potential advantages compared to traditional electric generators powered by an internal combustion engine. One of the main advantages of the FPLG comes from the absence of crankshaft. It leads to a smaller and lighter generator with fewer parts. This also allows a variable compression and expansion ratios, which makes it possible to operate with different kinds of fuel. The FPLG has been conceived in many different configurations, but for most applications, particularly for the automotive industry, focus has been on two opposed pistons in the same cylinder with one combustion chamber with a gas spring at the end of each cylinder. This balances out the forces in order to reduce vibration and noise. In the simplest case, a second unit is just a mirror of the first, with no functional connection to the first. Alternatively, a single combustion chamber or gas spring can be used, allowing for a more compact design and easier synchronization between the pistons. The gas spring and combustion chamber can be placed on the ends of the connection rods, or they can share the same piston, using opposite sides in order to reduce space. The linear generator itself has also many different configurations and forms. It can be designed as a round tube, a cylinder or even flat plate in order to reduce the center of gravity, and / or improve the heat dissipation.

[0005] The great versality of the FPLG comes from the absence of a crankshaft, removing a great pumping loss, giving the engine a further degree of freedom. The combustion can be a two-stroke engine or four-stroke engine. However, a four-stroke requires a much higher intermediate storage of energy, the rotational inertia of the crankshaft, to propel the piston through the four strokes. With the absence of a crankshaft, a gas spring would need to power the piston through the intake, compression, and exhaust strokes. SUMMARY

[0006] An electrical power generator is provided having at least one 3-tuple of elements (i.e., 3-part assembly) that includes a stationary linear coil subassembly disposed between an upper linear oscillating magnet subassembly and a lower linear oscillatingmagnet subassembly.

[0007] In embodiments, linear oscillatory motion of magnets of the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies can induce a time-varying alternating current signal in a serpentine coil structure of the stationary linear coil subassembly.

[0008] In embodiments, the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies can be mounted to an oscillatory support frame.

[0009] In embodiments, the electrical power generator can further comprise an input shaft and a transmission configured to convert rotation of the input shaft to linear oscillatory motion of the oscillatory support frame and the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies mounted thereon.

[0010] In embodiments, the transmission can include a scotch-yoke drive.

[0011] In embodiments, the upper linear oscillating magnet subassembly and the lower linear oscillating magnet subassembly of a given 3-tuple of elements can each include a plate with a set of magnets distributed as rows on the plate.

[0012] In embodiments, the lower linear oscillating magnet subassembly of one 3-tuple of elements and the upper linear oscillating subassembly of another 3-tuple of elements below the one 3-tuple of elements can include a plate having a top surface disposed opposite a bottom surface, wherein the lower linear oscillating magnet subassembly of the one 3-tuple of elements includes a first set of magnets distributed as rows on the top surface of the plate, and wherein the upper linear oscillating magnet subassembly of the other 3-tuple of elements includes a second set of magnets distributed as rows on the bottom surface of the plate.

[0013] In embodiments, the rows of magnets of the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies extend parallel to direction of linear oscillatory motion of the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies.

[0014] In embodiments, the stationary linear coil subassembly can include a serpentinecoil structure that is laid out as rows disposed on or encapsulated within a planar plastic body.

[0015] In embodiments, the rows of the serpentine coil structure can extend parallel to the direction of the linear oscillatory motion of the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies.

[0016] In embodiments, the rows of the serpentine coil structure can be operably disposed adjacent to the rows of magnets of the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies for a given 3-tuple of elements.

[0017] In embodiments, the serpentine coil structures of multiple 3-tuples of elements can operate as a single phase coil or multiple phase coil.

[0018] In embodiments, the upper linear oscillating magnet subassembly and the lower linear oscillating magnet subassembly of a given 3-tuple of elements can be supported by magnetic levitation components, which suspend the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies in air, together as a larger part or separately as individual parts, to counteract gravity and limit friction during the linear oscillating movement of the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies.

[0019] In embodiments, the upper linear oscillating magnet subassembly and the lower linear oscillating magnet subassembly of a given 3-tuple of elements can include spacers that are distributed between rows of magnets, wherein the spacers extend vertically to mechanically couple together multiple plates to form a unitary structure that undergoes linear oscillatory motion.

[0020] In embodiments, the upper linear oscillating magnet subassembly and the lower linear oscillating magnet subassembly of a given 3-tuple of elements can include at least one pair of opposed outer magnets that are configured to move with a plate during linear oscillating movement of the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies and interact magnetically with a corresponding pair of stationary drive magnets that provide repulsive magnetic forces to the pair of opposed outer magnets boost or enhance the linear oscillating movement of the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies.

[0021] In embodiments, a variable capacitor can be connected to an alternating current signal output of the stationary linear coil subassembly, wherein capacitance of the variable capacitor is tuned to shift effective electromotive forces such that phase of electromotive forces produced by the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies matches phase of a time-varying alternating current signal produced by a serpentine coil structure of the stationary linear coil subassembly.

[0022] In another aspect, an electrical power generation system is provided that includes at least one DC energy source, at least one electrical generator that generates an alternating current power supply signal, and at least one harmonic resonance oscillator and at least one flywheel operably coupled between the at least one DC energy source and the at least one electrical generator.

[0023] In embodiments, the DC energy source (such as photovoltaic system or battery system) can be used to produce the linear harmonic oscillatory motion of the at least one linear harmonic resonance oscillator.

[0024] In embodiments, the at least one linear harmonic resonance oscillator can include at least one resonance mass. A first transmission system converts linear harmonic oscillatory motion of the at least one resonance mass into rotary shaft motion that drives the at least one flywheel. A second transmission system converts rotational motion of the at least one flywheel into rotary input motion that drives the at least one electrical power generator. The combination of the at least one linear harmonic resonance oscillator and the at least one flywheel can increase the performance of the at least one flywheel of the system.

[0025] In embodiments, the linear harmonic oscillatory motion of the at least one resonance mass can occur at one or more resonant frequencies, which are multiples of the fundamental resonant frequency dictated by the design of the linear harmonic resonance oscillator.

[0026] In embodiments, a drive oscillator can be activated by a pulsed-mode electrical signal derived from the DC energy source (such as photovoltaic system or battery system).The drive oscillator utilizes mechanical forces or electromagnetic forces (coil assembly) to induce linear oscillatory motion of a magnetic body. A resonance drive assembly uses electromagnetic forces and / or mechanical forces to convert the linear oscillatory motion of the magnetic body of the drive oscillator to the linear harmonic oscillatory motion of at least one other moving body or mass, which is referred to herein as the resonance mass. The resonance drive assembly may be constructed with magnetic springs.

[0027] In embodiments, the resonance mass includes one or more permanent magnets, and the resonance drive assembly employs opposed permanent magnets that define a resonance chamber with the resonance mass operably disposed between the two opposed permanent magnets. The opposed permanent magnets can be configured to repel (reflect) the magnetic fields of the resonance mass, which propels the resonance mass back and forth within the resonance chamber and reinforcing the standing wave function and increasing the force intensity of the resulting linear harmonic oscillatory motion of the resonance mass.

[0028] In embodiments, the drive oscillator can include at least one permanent magnet and at least one induction coil (e.g., electromagnet), which are configured to induce linear oscillatory motion of the resonance drive assembly, which in turn drives linear harmonic oscillatory motion of the resonance mass. The permanent magnet of the drive oscillator can produce a strong magnetic field and is typically arranged in a monopole configuration (same field orientation) with the corresponding induction coil of the drive oscillator.

[0029] In embodiments, the at least one induction coil of the drive oscillator can be energized by a timing and control mechanism, which can be achieved through an electronic control circuit or mechanical device. The at least one induction coil can be wound so that, when energized with a short pulse of current, the induction coil produces a repulsive force and / or attractive force that interacts with one or more permanent magnets of the drive oscillator to cause oscillation of the magnetic body of the drive oscillator. After being energized by a short pulse, the magnetic field formed around the induction coil collapses and is managed by the back electromotive force (EMF) generated by the induction coil. Such back EMF is caused by electromagnetic induction and manifests as a voltage thatopposes the change in current induced in the coil. The forces produced by the drive oscillator creates the linear oscillatory motion of the magnetic body, which in turn produces the linear harmonic oscillatory motion of the resonance mass.

[0030] In embodiments, the DC energy source can include a battery storage system comprising at least one battery or battery pack (multiple batteries). The battery storage system can be one part of multiple DC energy sources. Each battery or battery pack of the battery storage system can be connected to an input charger board (i.e., Battery Charge Controller Protection Switch Battery Protection Board) and a discharging board (i.e., a PLC relay with a Voltage Cutoff Disconnect Switch Module). The input charger board and the discharging board cooperate to control the charging cycle of the battery or battery pack. The input charger board can be configured with a high voltage value (battery charge value, for example, of 13.5 volts). When the battery voltage valve reaches or is at this high voltage value, the input charger board is turned OFF. The input charger board can also be configured with a low voltage value (for example, 12.2 volts). When the battery voltage level reaches or is at this low voltage value, the input charger board turns ON. The discharge board voltage settings are opposite (ON at the high voltage, OFF at the low voltage). When the charging cycle is active and the input charger board is ON, the discharge board is OFF and isolates the battery from a relay circuit. The relay circuit is operably coupled to the battery system and isolates each individual battery or battery pack and only allows one battery or battery pack to be active at a time. The battery system and the multichannel relay circuit can be operably coupled to a programmable charge controller relay, which provides for a multiple power source connection, optimum voltage and current control and management between the power sources.

[0031] In embodiments, the DC energy source of the system can include one or more photovoltaic panels and corresponding charge controller(s) for the photovoltaic panel(s). When the photovoltaic charge controller voltage reaches the optimum voltage value (example range, 24V-160VDC), a charge controller relay is configured to output the DC voltage output of the photovoltaic panel(s) for use in generating a pulsed-mode excitation signal that is supplied to the drive oscillator. Otherwise (i.e., when the photovoltaic charge controller voltage drops below a suitable low voltage setting), the charge controller relay isconfigured to output the DC voltage output of the battery system for use in generating the pulsed-mode excitation signal that is supplied to the drive oscillator. The battery system and the photovoltaic panel can be configured to power to a DC-DC converter, such as Variable Voltage Power Supply Adjustable Buck Boost Converter DC-DC converter), which supplies the optimum voltage and current to the relay. The relay is connected to the drive oscillator.

[0032] The operation of the system can be controlled by a pulsed-mode excitation signal supplied to an induction coil (or a mechanical drive mechanism), which is used to induce linear harmonic oscillatory motion of at least one resonance mass by application of a time-varying magnetic field, or contact patch mechanical energy transfer (e.g. paddle wheel design) at an operating speed with a specific time rate. A relay circuit can provide the pulsed-mode excitation signal to the induction coil to induce and maintain the optimum harmonic motion or resonance of the design. Magnetic levitation components can be used to reduce external forces on the linear harmonic resonance oscillator(s) and / or the drive oscillator of the system.

[0033] A first transmission system can be configured to convert the linear harmonic oscillatory motion of the at least one resonance mass into rotary shaft motion that drives at least one flywheel.

[0034] In embodiments, the first transmission system can employ a rack and pinion gear assembly connected to the resonance mass, with the output of the rack and pinion gear assembly connected to a clutch plate assembly that outputs rotary shaft motion that drives the at least one flywheel.

[0035] In embodiments, the first transmission system can employ at least one spindle shaft and at least one corresponding spindle nut drive assembly, wherein the spindle shaft is configured to undergo linear oscillatory motion in response to the linear harmonic oscillatory motion of the at least one resonance mass, and the corresponding spindle nut drive subassembly is configured to rotate in response to the linear oscillatory motion of the spindle shaft.

[0036] In embodiments, the first transmission system can include a linkage (such as Scott-Russel linkage) that converts linear harmonic oscillatory motion of a resonance mass to linear oscillatory motion of a corresponding spindle shaft.

[0037] In embodiments, the first transmission system can include a spur gear subassembly operably coupled between a plurality of spindle nut drive assemblies and the least one flywheel.

[0038] A second transmission system can be configured to convert the rotational output of the at least one flywheel into rotary input motion that drives an electrical power generator, which generates and outputs an alternating or direct current power supply signal.

[0039] In embodiments, the second transmission system can include a worm drive / gear assembly and / or a nested torque rotor assembly or magnetic gear assembly. The second transmission system can be configured to convert the angular momentum generated by the at least one flywheel into rotating shaft torque and rpms that drives the electrical power generator.

[0040] In embodiments, the second transmission system can include a planetary gear subassembly.

[0041] In embodiments, the at least one flywheel can include a first flywheel operably coupled to a second flywheel by a two-stage planetary gear subassembly. Magnetic levitation components can be used to reduce external forces on the first and second flywheels of the system.

[0042] In embodiments, the at least one electrical power generator can include a rotary machine that includes multiple pairs of a rotating magnet subassembly and a stationary coil subassembly. The rotating magnet subassembly can include a set of magnets distributed about a ring-shaped holder. The magnets can be elongate strip or patch magnets that are oriented in radial directions about the central rotational axis of the holder. The magnets can be mounted to one or both sides of the ring-shaped holder. The stationary coil subassembly can include a serpentine coil structure that is disposed on or encapsulated within a planar plastic body. The serpentine coil structure can be operably disposed adjacent to themagnets of the rotating magnet subassembly. The rotation of the magnets of the rotating magnet subassembly can induce a time-varying alternating current signal in the serpentine coil structure of the stationary coil subassembly. The serpentine coil structures of the multiple pairs of rotating magnet subassembly / stationary coil subassembly may operate as a single phase coil or multiple phase coils. Multiple phase coils can be connected together either by Wye or Delta design and to a single phase or 3-phase transformer.

[0043] The rotating magnet subassemblies of the electrical generator can be supported by magnetic levitation components, which suspend the rotating magnet subassemblies in air, together as a larger part or separately as individual parts, to counteract gravity and limit friction during rotation of the rotating magnet subassemblies.

[0044] In other embodiments, the at least one electrical power generator can include a linear oscillatory machine.

[0045] In embodiments, the linear oscillating machine can include one or more 3-tuple of elements (3-part assembly) that include a stationary linear coil subassembly disposed between an upper linear oscillating magnet subassembly and a lower linear oscillating magnet subassembly as described and claimed herein.

[0046] In embodiments, a rectifier can be operably coupled to the output of the electrical generator and configured to convert the alternating current power supply signal output by the electrical generator to a DC power signal. In embodiments, the DC power signal can be used to charge a battery system that is part of the DC electrical source of the system and / or supplied to a grid-tie inverter or supplied to one or more DC load circuits (which can include any device that consumes the DC power signal generated by the rectifier).

[0047] In embodiments, the alternating current power supply signal output by the electrical generator can be supplied to one or more AC load circuits (which can include one or more household appliances), such as a light bulb, microwave, or fan. or any other device that consumes the alternating current power supply signal output by the electrical generator.

[0048] Other aspects are described and claimed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] FIG.1 is a block diagram of an example electrical power generator system according to the present disclosure. Blocks 2, 3 and 4 include batteries or battery sets that are part of the system. Block 8 of FIG.1 includes a photovoltaic assembly (or other energy source) that is part of the system. Block 13 of FIG.1 includes a drive oscillator 15, a resonance drive assembly 15, and a linear harmonic resonance oscillator 16. Block 22 of FIG.1 includes a linear to rotational motion transmission mechanism. Block 29 of FIG.1 includes an angular momentum transmission mechanism, which can include one or more flywheels. Block 35 of FIG.1 includes a torque transfer mechanism. Blocks 38, 39 of FIG.1 include electrical generators that are part of the system. Block 41 of FIG.1 includes additional components that can be integrated as part of the system.

[0050] FIG.2 is a schematic block diagram of parts of an exemplary drive oscillator and a resonance drive assembly of FIG.1.

[0051] FIG.3 is a schematic block diagram of parts of an exemplary resonance drive assembly and linear harmonic resonance oscillator and linear to rotational transfer mechanism of FIG.1.

[0052] FIG.4 is a schematic diagram of additional parts of an exemplary linear to rotational transfer mechanism of FIG.4, which includes rack and pinon assemblies and a reciprocating spindle shaft.

[0053] FIG.5 is a schematic diagram of additional parts of the exemplary linear to rotational transfer mechanism of FIGS.3 and 4.

[0054] FIG.6 is a schematic block diagram of parts of an exemplary torque transfer mechanism of FIG.1, which includes a flywheel, flywheel gear, levitation magnets, and a worm drive assembly.

[0055] FIG.7 is a schematic side view of exemplary parts that can be configured torealize the electrical power generator system of FIG.1 in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0056] FIG.8 is a schematic side view of a drive oscillator, resonance drive assembly, and a pair of linear harmonic resonance oscillators that are part of the system in accordance with present disclosure.

[0057] FIG.9 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of the drive oscillator of FIG.8.

[0058] FIG.10 is a schematic top view of the drive oscillator, resonance drive assembly, and a pair of linear harmonic resonance oscillators of FIGS.8 and 9.

[0059] FIG.11 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of the linear harmonic resonance oscillators of FIG.8 and 9.

[0060] FIG.12 is a schematic side view of an exemplary linear to rotational transmission mechanism that is part of the system in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0061] FIG.13 a schematic side view of parts of an exemplary spindle nut subassembly and spur-gear subassembly that is part of the linear to rotational transmission mechanism in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0062] FIG.14 is a schematic side view of an exemplary angular momentum transmission mechanism that can be part of the system in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0063] FIG.15 is a schematic side view of an exemplary torque transfer transmission mechanism that can be part of the system in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0064] FIGS.16A-16C are schematic views of an exemplary electrical generator that can be part of the system in accordance with the present disclosure; the electrical generator is embodied by a rotating machine that includes multiple pairs of a rotating magnet subassembly and a stationary coil subassembly; FIG.16A is a schematic top view of a rotating magnet subassembly; FIG.16B is a schematic side view of the rotating magnetsubassembly of FIG.16A; and FIG.16C is a schematic top view of a stationary magnet subassembly.

[0065] FIGS.17, 18A-18B, and 19 are schematic views of another exemplary electrical generator that can be part of the system in accordance with the present disclosure; the electrical generator is embodied by a linear oscillatory machine having one or more 3-tuple of elements (i.e., 3-part assembly) that includes a stationary linear coil subassembly disposed between an upper linear oscillating magnet subassembly and a lower linear oscillating magnet subassembly; FIG.17 is a schematic side view of a linear oscillatory machine that includes three 3-tuple of elements that includes a stationary linear coil subassembly disposed between n upper linear oscillating magnet subassembly and a lower linear oscillating magnet subassembly; FIG.18A is a schematic top view of the upper linear oscillating magnet subassembly of FIG.17; FIG.18B is a schematic top view of the stationary linear coil subassembly of FIG.17; FIG.18C is a schematic top view of the lower linear coil subassembly of FIG.17; and FIG.19 is a schematic top view of the linear oscillatory machine of FIG.17. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known methods, devices and circuits are omitted so as to not obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.

[0067] FIG.1 is a block diagram of an exemplary electrical power generator system according to the present disclosure. The system includes a voltage controller 1 having the ability to set the input voltage and amperes supplied to a battery system, which can include, but is not limited to, three 12 volt 200 amp hour lithium batteries sets 2b, 3b, and 4b as shown in FIG, 1. The battery system can further includes one or more charging boards (for example, three shown as 2a, 3a, 4a for the battery sets 2b, 3b and 4b) and one or more discharging boards (for example, three shown as 2c, 3c, 4c for the battery sets 2b, 3b and4b). The charging board(s) are configured to perform a charging process using an input voltage and current provided from the voltage controller 1 as derived from a power source, such as one or more electrical generators of the system or the electrical generator of another system similar to FIG.1. The programming system of the charging board(s) allows the setting of the charging voltage and charging stop voltage operation. When the corresponding battery set reaches the set charging stop voltage value, the charging board disconnects the input power supplied by the voltage controller 1 to the battery set to avoid battery overcharging. The programming system of the discharging board(s) discharges the voltage and current from the corresponding battery set into the multichannel relay 5. The discharging board(s) may have the opposite settings relative to the charging board(s). When the corresponding battery set reaches the set voltage cutoff value, the discharging board disconnects the battery set from the multichannel programmable relay 5. The multichannel relay 5 controls the supply of battery power to the programmable charge controller 10 automatically (based on program setting). When a battery set reaches a preset disconnect value, the relay 5 disconnects the battery power supply of the channel to the programmable charge controller 10. The next channel of the relay 5 is active which supplies battery power output by that channel to the programmable charge controller 10. Another function of the multichannel relay 5 is a delay turn-on function, which provides a timing sequence that controls the discharge of the power output from the charge controller 10 into the DC-DC converter 11. Only one battery set is activated at a time (timer function). The programmable charge controller (10) is connected to the relay 5 via wire block 6 and to the photovoltaic assembly 8 via DC-DC converter 9. The programmable charge controller 10 measures the voltages between these two assemblies and assigns (program setting) the voltage of the photovoltaic assembly 8 as the primary voltage to the DC-DC converter 11 at the voltage high-low voltage settings. When the voltage derived from the photovoltaic assembly 8 is at or above preset value, the programmable charge controller 10 allows voltage and current derived from the photovoltaic assembly 8 and the DC-DC converter 9 to power the DC-DC converter 11. When the voltage falls below this preset value, the programmable charge controller 10 allows the voltage and current derived from the battery system (e.g., battery set 2B, 3B or 4B via relay 5 and wire block 6) to power the DC-DC converter 11.

[0068] The photovoltaic assembly 8 may use, but need not be limited to any of the three most common types of solar panels on the market such as the monocrystalline solar panels, polycrystalline solar panels, and thin film solar panels. Polycrystalline solar panels are the most common solar cells in solar panels on the market but are considered to be slightly less efficient than monocrystalline solar cells. The photovoltaic assembly 8 is connected to the DC-DC converter 9 that adapts the output from the photovoltaic (solar) panels for supply to the programmable charge controller 10.

[0069] The DC-DC converter 11 can be configured to provide optimum voltage and current to relay circuit 12. The DC-DC converter 11 may employ a single or multiple DC- DC Variable Voltage Power Supply Adjustable Buck Boost Converters, Constant Voltage Current Stabilized Regulator modules. The DC-DC converter 11 efficiently produces a regulated voltage from its input power source (i.e., charge controller 10) at an optimum value to the relay circuit 12. The DC-DC converter 11 can employ high-frequency power conversion circuits that use high-frequency switching and inductors, transformers, and capacitors to smooth out switching noise into regulated DC voltages. The DC-DC converter 11 supplies the voltage-current signal to relay circuit 12.

[0070] In the example of FIG.1, the relay circuit 12 can be a timer control relay module or a solid state relay using a DC-DC control method, which provides stable performance for heavy loads. The relay circuit 12 can include a thyristor and / or an optoelectronic non-contact switch. The relay circuit 12 can have a trigger level selection terminal. The relay trigger level can be controlled. More specifically, the relay circuit 12 can include a common (COM) terminal, a low (L) terminal, and a high (H) terminal. When the low (L) terminal is connected to the common terminal, it is a low level trigger. When the high (H) terminal is connected to the common terminal, it is a high level trigger which allows the relay circuit 12 to selectively output the voltage-current signal output by the DC- DC converter 11 based on the control input supplied by the timer circuit 7.

[0071] In the example of FIG.1, the wiring block 6 is used to connect the electrical power of the battery system to the timing circuit 7 and to the programmable charge controller 10.

[0072] In the example of FIG.1, the timing circuit 7 is configured as a fast high frequency turn-on and off circuit, which can implement an unlimited number of switching times and switch timing combinations which provides the optimum timing cycle(s) for the oscillating magnetic resonance system 12.

[0073] In the example of FIG.1, the oscillating magnetic resonance system 13 includes a drive oscillator 14, a resonance drive assembly 15 with a resonance chamber 15E, and a linear harmonic resonance oscillator 16.

[0074] The drive oscillator 14 may use mechanical forces or electromagnet forces (e.g., coil assembly) to induce the linear harmonic motion of the system. A mechanical assembly (electrical rotation mechanism) may be an AC or DC motor which initiates and provides the force to maintain the linear harmonic motion of the assembly with either a magnet assembly, or by contact patch mechanism that transfers energy at an operating speed for a specific time rate (pulse or rotation rate). The DC motor may be any of a class of rotary electrical motors that converts direct current (DC) electrical energy into mechanical energy. The DC motor relies on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic; to periodically change the direction of current in part of the motor. An AC motor may be an electric motor driven by an alternating current (AC). The AC motor commonly consists of two basic parts, an outside stator having coils supplied with alternating current to produce a rotating magnetic field, and an inside rotor attached to the output shaft producing a second rotating magnetic field. The rotor magnetic field may be produced by permanent magnets, reluctance saliency, or DC or AC electrical windings. The drive wheel connected to a pulse mechanism may have a contact patch with the resonance chamber magnets of the present disclosure. The contact patch is the portion of a drive wheel that may be in actual contact with resonance chamber magnet’s outer surface edge or a corresponding magnet that transfers energy to the harmonic resonance mechanism.

[0075] FIG.2 is a schematic diagram of an example drive oscillator 14, which includes an induction coil 14C and a magnet 14D positioned on an adjustable mechanism for optimum alignment between the magnet 14D and the induction coil 14C, which may be ina fixed alignment position. The shaft 14E is connected to an adjustable motor 14F which provides the optimum alignment of the magnet 14D and the coil 14C. The fields of the induction coil 14C provide pulsed forces on to the oscillating magnet 15A, which provides the linear oscillatory motion of the drive oscillator 14. The resonance drive mechanism 15 includes the frame 15B that supports the oscillating magnetic 15A in addition to opposed resonance chamber magnets 15B1, 15B2. The resonance chamber 15E is defined by the frame 15B and the space between the resonance chamber magnets 15B1, 15B2.

[0076] In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG.2, the permanent magnet 14D and the induction coil 14C are disposed on opposite sides of the oscillating magnet 15A. The drive oscillator 14 further includes an adjustable slider 14A so that either the magnet 14D or coil 14C or both may be moved mechanically by a motor 14F and screw shaft 14E to an optimal distance to create the harmonic motion or optimum resonance of the system. The induction coil 14C can be a bifilar induction coil (or multiple bifilar induction coils). The induction coil 14C can be attached to a bracket 14B. The induction coil(s) 14C is supplied with excitation signals output by the relay 12 under control of the timing circuit 7 to generate variable or alternating electromagnetic fields, which provide for the synchronization and driving mechanism of the system. The induction coil 14C may be comprised of any conductive material such as copper, aluminum wire but not limited to these materials. The induction coil 14C may be constructed from a single wire wrap design or a bifilar coil which is an electromagnetic coil that contains two closely spaced, parallel windings. Bifilar describes wire which is made of two filaments or strands. It is commonly used to denote special types of winding wire for transformers. The induction coil 14C provides the magnetic field force based on Ampere’s law. The magnetic field of the coil is determined by the wire size, number of wire turns and dimensions of the coil. The orientation of the coils may have multiple directions and groupings toward the oscillating magnet 15A. The optimum coil alignment direction is 180°. A brief description of the function of the coils is as follows. The magnetic field of all the turns of wire passes through the center of the coil, creating the magnetic field. The direction of the magnetic field through a coil of wire is determined by the flow of current through the wire. In this design, the induction coil 14C is configured such that its field polarities are identical to the resonance magnet field polarity of magnet 15A. The positive wire connection is identifiedas the North Pole alignment (positive field) and the negative wire connection is identified as the South Pole alignment (negative field) of the fields. Much stronger magnetic fields can be produced if a "magnetic core" of a soft ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic) material, such as iron or steel, is placed inside the coil. A core can increase the magnetic field to thousands of times the strength of the field of the coil alone, due to the high magnetic permeability μ of the material. This is called a ferromagnetic-core or iron-core electromagnet. The magnetic field of the coil is proportional to both the number of turns in the winding (N) and the current in the wire (I), which is identified as NI in ampere-turns, and is described as the magneto motive force. Magneto Motive Force is expressed as a current I flowing through a coil of N turns. The magnetic field strength of an electromagnet is therefore determined by the ampere turns of the coil with the more turns of wire in the coil the greater will be the strength of the magnetic field. The intensity of this field around the coil is proportional to the distance from it with the strongest point being next to the coil face and progressively getting weaker further away from this location. In the case of a single straight coil configuration, the current flowing and the distance from it are factors which govern the intensity of the field. The formula for calculating the “Magnetic Field Strength,” H is identified as “Magnetizing Force” derived from the current flowing through the coil and the field distance. The magnitude of the force may be calculated by the equation: F = (n X i) 2 X magnetic constant X a / (2 X g2). Passing the electrical current through the coil results in a magnetic field that exerts force on the permanent magnetic of the resonance magnet (15A). Calculating the force by the equation F = (n x i) 2 x magnetic constant x a / (2 x g2) Where, F = force, i = current, g = length of the gap between the coil and the permanent magnetic, a = Area, n = number of turns of the coil, and the magnetic constant. The resulting interaction of the fields is such that a mechanical force is experienced by the magnetic fields which are applied to the harmonic resonance mechanism.

[0077] In the example of FIG.2, the force generated from the variable magnetic field force of the induction coil 14C and magnet 14D induce varying interacting forces on the oscillating magnet 15A of a force T ^ n, (T is the Maxwell force (stress tensor) and n is the unit surface normal vector at a point of force (stress)) on a surface of a repelling magnetic field (mr = resonance chamber magnet 15B1, 15B2) force of :Fmr = T ^ n = H(B ^ n) - ½(H ^ B)n Eqn. (1a) and the field force of the coil, Fc (14C) and oscillator magnet, Fmo (14D) of: Fc = (n X i) 2x + Fmo (Fmo = H(B ^ n) - ½(H ^ B)n) Eqn. (1b) where the field forces act upon each other as: Fmr = ̶ Fc+Fmo Eqn. (1c) at a point of the field force interaction.

[0078] The total force is the field forces of the magnetic fields T•n (repelling forces) acting upon each other and the mass of the oscillating system with the kinetic energy of E=½mv², providing the velocity of: .

[0079] on a frame 15B that supports two permanent magnets 15B1, 15B2 that are spaced apart from one another. The frame 15B and the space between the two permanent magnets 15B1, 15B2 define a resonance chamber 15E there between. The resonance chamber 15E is configured to produce linear harmonic oscillatory motion of a resonance mass (16A-linear motion mass). See FIG.3. The kinetic energy generated from the induction coil 14C (e.g. a vibrating energy) is transferred to linear oscillatory motion of the oscillating magnet 15A. The resonance chamber 15E transfers the linear oscillatory motion of the oscillating magnet 15A to linear harmonic oscillatory motion of the resonance mass (16A-linear motion mass).

[0080] The magnets 15B1, 15B2 are aligned in a manner which repels (reflects) the magnetic field of magnet(s) 16C attached to the resonance mass 16A. The resonance chamber magnets (15B1, 15B2) are positionally and polarity aligned to the magnet(s) 16C attached to the resonance mass 16A to produce the optimum linear harmonic resonance oscillatory motion of the resonance mass 16A. The assembly can include magnets 15C in asupport block 17 as shown in FIG.3. The magnets 15C can provide magnetic levitation of the frame 15B in the support block 17 for the linear oscillatory motion of the frame 15B and the magnets 15A, 15B1, 15B2 supported thereon. Similarly, the assembly can include magnets 16B in the support block 17 as shown in FIG.3. The magnets 16B can provide magnetic levitation of the resonance mass 16A in the support block 17 for the linear harmonic resonance oscillatory motion of the resonance mass 16A.

[0081] The kinetic energy of the drive oscillator 14 and the resonance drive assembly 15 is the product of half the mass of resonance drive assembly (which includes the oscillating magnet 15A, the frame 15B, and the resonance chamber magnets 15B1, 15B2) times the velocity squared of the resonance drive assembly, (E=½mv², m = mass of resonance drive assembly) with the velocity of the oscillator field forces expressed as Eqn. (2) above.

[0082] FIG.3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of the resonance drive assembly 15 and the linear harmonic resonance oscillator 16. The linear harmonic resonance oscillator 16 includes a resonance mass 16A, a magnetic rail support block 17 with channel guides 17A, 17B, and a rack and pinion assembly 20A, 20B. The resonance drive assembly 15 includes resonance chamber magnets 15B1, 15B2 that provide a repelling magnetic field to the resonance mass 16A. The resonance mass 16A is driven by the kinetic energy of the drive oscillator 14 to impart linear harmonic resonance oscillatory motion of the resonance mass 16A in the resonance chamber 15E. The magnet(s) 16C of the linear harmonic resonance oscillator 16 are aligned in a manner which repels (reflects) the magnetic fields of the resonance chamber magnets 15B1, 15B2. The linear harmonic resonance oscillator 16 is constructed such that the resonance mass 16A and the magnet(s) 16C of the assembly are levitated by magnets 16B in the support block 17 for the linear harmonic resonance oscillatory motion of the resonance mass 16A.

[0083] In this example, the kinetic energy of the harmonic resonance mechanism is produced by linear harmonic oscillatory motion. Using a mass spring as an example of the simple linear harmonic oscillator, (Hooke’s-law spring constant), giving a restoring force (the force function only of position of the mass, and it is always directed back toward theequilibrium position of the system) F = -kx (F = ma = -kx, where k is a constant). In the absence of any damping, the equation of motion for this system is: , Eqn. (3a)of (compressing spring): . Eqn. (3b)

[0084] of the system and expressed as: . Eqn. (4)

[0085] are the variable constants of the system and ω0 is the resonant frequency and the resonance frequency of the oscillator is v0= ω0 / 2π and the period of: . Eqn. (5)

[0086] In the design, the linear mass spring is substituted by a linear magnetic mass spring (15B1, 15B2, 16C) design where the magnetic field H is H = B / μ − M, where B is the magnetic flux density, a measure of the actual magnetic field within a material considered as a concentration of magnetic field lines, or flux, per unit cross-sectional area; μ is the magnetic permeability; and M is the magnetization. The magnetic field exerts a force, T ^ n, on a surface of a repelling magnetics of the system: T ^ n = H(B ^ n) - ½(H ^ B)n . Eqn. (6)

[0087] The magnetic field force acting on the repelling magnet field is equal to the surface integral of the repelling magnetic field force. Then the force function of themagnetic field (the force function is only one direction of the field for the mass, and is only directed back toward the equilibrium position by the force of the second magnetic field) is F = -kx, (F = ma = -kx, where k is T^n / d, d = oscillation distance or the optimum resonance frequency of the oscillator of v0 = ω0 / 2π). The energy of the system is described as the oscillation between kinetic energy of the mass K=½mv² (v²=velocity of the oscillator / resonance chamber) and the potential energy U=½kx² (k = T^n / d, magnetic field forces, potential and kinetic). . Eqn. (7)

[0088] drive oscillator 14 to the resonance mass 16A oscillates the resonance mass 16A between kinetic energy and potential energy and is amplified by reinforcing resonance of the system where simply F=ma of the resonance mass 16A.

[0089] In the example of FIG.3, the frame 15B of the resonance drive assembly 15 and the resonance mass body 16A and magnet(s) 16C of the linear harmonic resonance oscillator 16 can be suspended by magnetic levitation, which employs suspension magnets 17A, 17B within rail guides formed in the support block 17. Magnetic levitation is a method by which an object is suspended with no support other than magnetic fields. The magnetic force is used to counteract the effects of the gravitational force and any other forces. The two primary components involved in magnetic levitation are lifting forces (which provide an upward force sufficient to counteract gravity) and stability (which ensures that the system does not spontaneously slide or flip into a configuration where the lifting is neutralized). The magnetic fields are oriented with repelling fields facing each other, so that the force between the fixed magnets of the rail guides provides stability and the fixed magnets of the assemblies levitate through the rail guides at the optimum force to counteract the effects of the gravitational force on each assembly. This reduces the force required to maintain the harmonic motion or resonance of the assembly.

[0090] In the example of FIG.3, the linear magnetic rail guides are formed by U- shaped suspension magnets 17A, 17B. The upper rail guides formed by the U- shapedsuspension magnets 17A are aligned with the linear oscillation motion of the magnetic drive assembly 15, and the lower rails guides formed by the U-shaped suspension magnets 17B guide are aligned with the linear harmonic resonance oscillatory motion of the harmonic mass 16A and magnets(s) 16C. These rail guides reduces the forces acting upon the resonance drive assembly 15 and the linear harmonic resonance oscillator 16 that are required to maintain the harmonic motion or resonance of the system.

[0091] In the embodiment of FIG.3, the harmonic resonance mass 16A can be connected by a connector 19 to a rack and pinion assembly 20. The rack 20A and pinion 20B is a type of linear actuator that comprises a circular gear (the pinion 20B) engaging a linear gear (the rack 20A). The linear harmonic resonance oscillatory motion of the harmonic mass 16A provides linear force to the rack driving the pinion. A rack and pinion may use both straight and helical gears in this design. The rack and pinion imposes one kinematic constraint on the two connected axes: ωP= RRPvR. The transmission ratio is: RRP = 1 / rP = ωP / vN = ± 2π / NPvR.

[0092] FIG.4 diagram shows an example of the rack and pinion assembly 20 connected to a shaft 21 which is connected to the second rack and pinion assembly 22. In the embodiment of FIG.4, two rack and pinion assemblies 20, 22 can be connected by a shaft 21. The first rack and pinion assembly 20 is connected to the resonance mass 16A as shown schematically in FIG.3, and the second rack and pinion assembly 22 is connected to a clutch plate drive assembly 24 as shown in FIG.5.

[0093] The shafts (21, 23, 33) of the assembly may be constructed from non-magnetic metals such as aluminum, copper, lead, tin, titanium and zinc, and alloys such as stainless steel, brass, bronze, and plastic / polymers such as ABS, Nylon and also including graphite or carbon fiber.

[0094] FIG.5 is a schematic diagram of an example the clutch plate drive assembly 24, which includes a linearly reciprocating spindle shaft 23 (which can be embodied by an elongated, threaded, twisting rod) connected to the rack of the second rack and pinon assembly 22. The clutch plate drive assembly 24 further includes a ratchet coupler 25 having a slot shaped to receive the spindle shaft 23. As the spindle shaft 23 linear translatesand extends into the ratchet coupler 25, the ratchet coupler 25 rotates and interlocks with the gear ratchet coupler 26. The spindle shaft 23 operates between an unlocked and a locked position as the spindle shaft 23 undergoes linear reciprocating translation relative to the ratchet coupler 25, which converts the reciprocating linear movement of spindle shaft 23 to a rotary motion of the gear ratchet coupler 26 and gear 28. The spindle shaft 23 includes spiral or helical threads that interface to the ratchet coupler 25 for rotation of the gear ratchet coupler 26 and gear 28. The spindle shaft 23 operates along vertical axis and drives the ratchet coupler 25 into the gear ratchet coupler 26, which has slots on its upper surface through which the spindle shaft 23 extends. When downward force is applied by the rack and pinion assembly 22, the spindle shaft 23 moves axially downwardly so that the engaging portions of the ratchet coupler 25 engage and lock with the engaging potions of the gear ratchet coupler 26, which rotates the gear ratchet coupler 26 and the gear 28. When harmonic resonance assembly force is no longer applied, the spindle shaft 23 moves axially upwards which causes opposite rotation of the ratchet coupler 25 without engaging the causing the ratchet coupler to rotate. When force is no longer applied, the spindle shaft 23 moves axially upwards which causes opposite rotation of the ratchet coupler 25 and disengagement of the ratchet coupler 25 and the gear ratchet couple such that the gear 28 does not rotate. The assembly may use a compression spring (27) for alignment of the ratchet coupler 25 in the unlocked position as the spindle shaft 23 moves axially upwards.

[0095] FIG.6 is a schematic diagram of an example angular momentum transmission mechanism 29 that driven by rotation of the gear 28 of the clutch plate drive assembly 24 of FIG.5. The angular momentum transmission mechanism 29 includes a flywheel 29A that provides an rpm and torque to torque transfer mechanism 25, which provides the torque and rpms to drive the input shaft of the electrical generator(s) (38, 39) of the system.

[0096] As illustrated in FIG.6, the angular momentum transmission mechanism 29 is driven by rotation of the gear 28 of the clutch plate drive assembly 24. The angular momentum transmission mechanism 29 includes a flywheel 29A, a flywheel gear 29B, a gear shaft 33, and a worm drive shaft 34. The gear shaft 33 can be levitated by magnets, which include a top magnet 30 connected to the gear shaft 33 and a bottom magnet 31 supported by a bracket 32. The magnets 30, 31 can have a repelling alignment of magneticfields. The flywheel 29A is a mechanical disk or ring which is rotational driven by rotation of the gear shaft 32 derived from the rotational input of the meshed gears 28, 29B. The flywheel 29A uses the conservation of angular momentum to transform the rotation of the flywheel 29A to rotational energy (a form of kinetic energy) of the worm gear assembly 34. The kinetic energy is proportional to the product of its moment of inertia and the square of the rotational speed of the flywheel 29A. In this design, the moment of inertia of the flywheel 29A is constant and the rotational energy is directly associated with the square of the rotational speed of the flywheel 29A. The kinetic rotational energy is calculated by ½ Iω² where ω is the moment of inertia of the flywheel 29A about its axis of symmetry. The moment of inertia is a measure of resistance to torque applied to the rotating flywheel 29A.

[0097] The levitation magnets 30, 31 can be used to reduce the forces acting upon the flywheel 29A. The levitation magnets 30, 31 can be Neodymium magnets (30, 31). The repelling field forces of the neodymium magnets is calculated by H of each configuration which is H = B / μ – M for the magnetic alignments of the flywheel. The shape and design of the neodymium magnets assembly may be block, disc, ring, rectangle, arc, and segment. The magnetic fields are in a repelling orientation to this allows the flywheel 29A to transfer the maximum torque force to the worm drive shaft 34 for transmission to the worm drive / gear assembly 35.

[0098] In the example of FIG.6, the worm drive / gear assembly 35 is a gear arrangement in which a worm (which is a gear in the form of a screw) meshes with a worm wheel (which is similar in appearance to a spur gear). The two elements are also called the worm screw and worm gear. The terminology is often confused by imprecise use of the term worm gear to refer to the worm, the worm wheel, or the worm drive as a unit. The worm / gear drive assembly 35 may employ an output drive gear 36 and driven gear 37. The output gear assembly is connected to the input rotary shaft of the at least one electrical generator (such as the generator 38 and / or generator 39 of FIG.1).

[0099] The flywheel 29A can employ support bearings (not shown). The support bearings may be deep-groove bearings, angular contact bearings, self-aligning bearings, thrust bearings, roller bearings, spherical roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, taperedroller bearings, needle roller bearings, magnetic bearings, or other suitable bearings. The support bearing may be lubricated to reduce friction and wear between the shaft 33 and the bearings. Lubrication is the process or technique of using a lubricant to reduce friction and wear and tear in a contact between two surfaces. Lubrication mechanisms such as fluid- lubricated systems are designed so that the applied load is partially or completely carried by hydrodynamic or hydrostatic pressure, which reduces solid body interactions (and consequently friction and wear). Depending on the degree of surface separation, different lubrication regimes can be distinguished. Adequate lubrication allows smooth, continuous operation of machine elements, reduces the rate of wear, and prevents excessive stress or seizures at the bearings. When lubrication breaks down, components can rub destructively against each other, causing heat, local welding, destructive damage, and failure. Lubricants are classified into four types: oil, grease, penetrating lubricants, and dry lubricants. A white lubricant, lithium grease is considered an all-purpose lubrication solution. Silicone spray functions as a sliding lubricant for metal, Polytetrafluoroethylene, most commonly referred to by the abbreviation PTFE or the trade name Teflon®, is known for its extreme slipperiness and its strong resistance to high temperatures and chemical reactions. Lubricants with graphite have good chemical and corrosion resistance, along with excellent temperature resistance. Lubricants with calcium fluoride can be used with plastic, rubber, and other nonmetallic material.

[0100] In this example, the worm drive-worm gear assembly 35 may be supplemented or combined with a nested torque rotor assembly or magnetic gear assembly also describe as magnetic coupling transfers torque from one rotor to another, but using a magnetic field rather than a physical mechanical connection. The nested torque rotor assembly design may be circular or polygon in shape. The nested torque rotor assembly uses magnetic field torque to drive the axial generator shaft or a gear assembly or magnetic gear connected to the shafts. A magnetic field of the magnets exerts a torque which tries to align the magnetic fields. The magnetic gear is composed of permanent magnets to magnetically induced fields. It consists of two or more elements that are usually rotating but can be linear or curve linear. The standard magnetic gear is defined as a ratio of pole pairs. There are four basic magnetic gear types: First-order device: In this design, both gears have the same number of permanent magnets and rotate at the same speed. Thisdesign is defined as magnetic coupling, it allows for rotation to be transferred through non- magnetic barriers. Second-order device: This design uses a ratio of permanent magnetic pairs between the inner and outer rotors, with ferromagnetic stators between them. Each gear has magnets with alternating polarities. As one rotor spins, it temporarily magnetizes the stator in the same direction, thus repelling or attracting the magnets on the other rotor. The rotor with fewer magnets rotates at a higher speed than the rotor with more magnets. Altering the number of stator pieces changes the gears rotation in the opposite direction (more stator pieces), or in the same direction (less stator pieces). For an "opposite to input" motion, the number of stators is determined by the sum of the pole pairs in each gear. To move the gears in the same direction, the number of stators is determined by the difference between the numbers of pole pairs in each gear. Third-order device: Similar to the second- order device, but modified with external electromagnetic coils, which can create a variable transmission or variable gear ratio. Fourth-order device: This device takes the third-device and modifies it further to have a low torque variable speed input, a high torque mechanical input and a high torque mechanical output is identified as a torque multiplier.

[0101] In embodiments, the electrical generator(s) 38, 39 of FIG.1 can be an axial flux generator. Electrical generators are generally classified in one of two categories - radial flux machines and axial flux machines. Radial flux machines are more common and are in use for long periods of time and generally have a high starting torque and require high RPM rates. In axial flux machines, the magnetic flux direction is parallel to the machine rotation axis whereas in radial flux machines, the magnetic flux direction is radial. In the radial flux machines, the flux path is much longer than the axial flux machine because it goes from one rotor pole to the first tooth in the stator. Then through the stator back to the second tooth until it reaches the other rotor pole again. The axial flux machine has a shorter and direct flux path and also has a lower starting torque and lower RPM rates. The magnetic field of the axial flux machine has continuous field strength along the shorter flux path, which increases the efficiency and power density of the axial flux machine. In the radial flux machine, the flux has a 2-dimensional path. Grain-oriented steel cannot be used in the radial flux machine. While in the axial flux machine, the magnetic flux path is unidirectional which allows the use of grain-oriented steel. Due to the higher permeability of this steel type, the iron losses in an axial flux machine can be decreased, and theefficiency can be increased by up to 2%. Axial flux machines have an advantage compared to the radial flux machines in terms of winding. It has a higher active winding copper and fewer overhangs which mean more ability to increase the number of turns and less heat caused by end effects. Moreover, the winding can be in contact with aluminum which is good heat conductor. This means an easier cooling system. The heat in a radial flux machine should be evacuated through the stator core made of steel that has a low thermal conductivity. The axial flux machines have a load torque and RPM rate that enables the worm drive assembly to match RPM value of the axial flux generator and output a higher torque value that drives (rotates) the shaft of the axial flux generator to produce power.

[0102] In embodiments, the electrical generator(s) 38, 39 of FIG.1 can be configured to output an alternating current power supply signal, such as single phase alternating current power supply signal or a three-phase alternating current power supply signal. Three-phase alternating current electric power supply signals are commonly used in electricity generation, transmission, and distribution. It is a type of polyphase system employing three wires (or four including an optional neutral return wire) and is the most common method used by electrical grids worldwide to transfer power. Three-phase power works by the voltage and currents being 120 degrees out of phase on the three wires. In a three-phase power supply system, three conductors each carry an alternating current of the same frequency and voltage amplitude relative to a common reference, but with a phase difference of one third of a cycle (i.e., 120 degrees out of phase) between each. The common reference is usually connected to ground and often to a current-carrying conductor called the neutral. Due to the phase difference, the voltage on any conductor reaches its peak at one third of a cycle after one of the other conductors and one third of a cycle before the remaining conductor. This phase delay gives constant power transfer to a balanced linear load. The amplitude of the voltage difference between two phases is √3 times the amplitude of the voltage of the individual phases.

[0103] In embodiments, the output of the electrical generator 38, 39 of FIG.1 can be electrically coupled to the voltage controller 1 by a rectifier 40. The rectifier 40 can be a three-phase diode rectifier. The three-phase diode rectifier performs a 3-phaserectification, which converts the balanced 3-phase power supply signal produced by the electrical generator(s) into a fixed DC supply, typically using solid state diodes or thyristors.

[0104] The output of the rectifier 40 can also be coupled to another system 41, such as one or more DC load circuits or a grid-tie inverter. In embodiments, the one or more DC load circuits and includes any devices that consumes the DC power signal generated by the rectifier 40.

[0105] Grid-tied inverters are designed to connect as a supplement to a mains power supply application. Grid-tied inverters have the processing intelligence software to deliver power and when not to deliver power, and may synchronize power delivery with grid power. The grid-tie inverter converts the direct current (DC) power signal generated by the rectifier 40 into a three phase alternating current (AC) power signal suitable for injecting into an electrical power grid, normally 120 V RMS at 60 Hz or 240 V RMS at 50 Hz. Grid-tie inverters are used between local DC electrical power generators such solar panels and the grid. To inject electrical power efficiently and safely into the grid, grid-tie inverters must accurately match the voltage, frequency, and phase of the grid sine wave AC waveform. A high-quality modern grid-tie inverter has a fixed unity power factor, which means its output voltage and current are perfectly lined up, and its phase angle is within 1 degree of the AC power grid. The grid-tie inverter has an on-board computer that senses the current AC grid waveform, and outputs a voltage to correspond with the grid. However, supplying reactive power to the grid might be necessary to keep the voltage in the local grid within allowed limitations. Otherwise, in a grid segment with considerable power from renewable sources, voltage levels might rise too much at times of high production.

[0106] In embodiments, the output of the electrical generator(s) 38, 39 of FIG.1 can be electrically coupled to another system 42, such as one or more AC load circuits. In embodiments, the one or more AC load circuits can include one or more household appliances, such as a light bulb, microwave, or fan or any other device that consumes the alternating current power supply signal output by the electrical generator(s) 38, 39.

[0107] FIG.7 is a schematic side view of exemplary parts that can be configured to realize the electrical power generator system of FIG.1 in accordance with the present disclosure. The oscillating magnetic resonance system 13 of FIG.1 is embodied by an oscillating magnetic resonance system 13'. The linear to rotational transmission mechanism 22 of FIG.1 is embodied by a linear to rotational transmission mechanism 22'. The angular momentum transmission mechanism 29 of FIG.1 is embodied by an angular momentum transmission mechanism 29'. The torque transfer mechanism 35 of FIG.1 is embodied by a torque transfer mechanism 35'. The electrical generator 38 of FIG.1 is embodied by an electrical generator 38'. The oscillating magnetic resonance system 13' includes a drive oscillator 14', a resonance drive assembly 15', and a pair of linear harmonic resonance oscillators 16A', 16B' as described below with respect to FIGS.8 to 11. The linear to rotational transmission mechanism 22' includes a pair of spindle nut subassemblies 2201 and a spindle gear subassembly 2203 as described below with respect to FIGS.12 and 13. The angular momentum transmission mechanism 29' is embodied by a flywheel subassembly as described below with respect to FIG.14. The torque transfer mechanism 35' is embodied by a planetary gear subassembly as described below with respect to FIG. 15. In embodiments, the electrical generator 38' can be embodied by a rotary machine as described below with respect to FIGS.16A-C. In other embodiments, the electrical generator 38' can be embodied by a linear oscillating machine as described below with respect to FIGS.17, 18A-C, and 19.

[0108] As shown in FIGS.8 to 11, the oscillating magnetic resonance system 13' includes a drive oscillator 14', a resonance drive assembly 15', and a pair of linear harmonic resonance oscillators 16A', 16B'. In this configuration, an electrical subsystem (e.g., the charge controller 10, DC-DC converter 11, relay 12, and timing circuit 7 of FIG.1) generates and supplies electrical pulsed-mode excitation signals to the drive oscillator 14', which includes a pair of drive coils 1411A, 1411B mounted at fixed positions on a support base 1413. The electrical pulsed-mode excitation signals are applied the drive coils 1411A, 1411B to excite the drive coils 1411A, 1411B in an alternating manner and impart linear oscillatory motion to a set of magnets 1415A1, 1415A2, 1415B1, 1415B2 that are mounted on a guide shaft 1417 disposed above the base 1413. The set of magnets 1415A1, 1415A2, 1415B1, 1415B2 and the guide shaft 1417 slide back and forth in opposed directions thatare coaxial with the central axis of the guide shaft 1417 as indicated by bidirectional arrow 1419 in FIG.9. Drive coil 1411A is mounted on the support base 1413 at a fixed position between the magnet pair 1415A1, 1415A2. The magnet pair 1415A1, 1415A2 is configured with both opposite and attractive polarity such that an excitation pulse applied to coil 1411A imparts linear motion to the set of magnets 1415A1, 1415A2 and guide shaft 1417 toward the left side of the page in FIG.9. Drive coil 1411B is mounted on the support base 1413 at a fixed position between magnet pair 1415B1, 1415B2. The magnet pair 1415B1, 1415B2 is configured with both opposite and attractive polarity such that an excitation pulse applied to coil 1411B imparts linear motion to the set of magnets 1415B1, 1415B2 and guide shaft 1417 toward the right side of the page in FIG.9. A first outer drive magnet 1421A is mounted at a fixed position on the support base 1413 near one end of guide shaft 1417, and a second outer drive magnet 1421B is mounted at a fixed position on the support base 1413 near the other end of guide shaft 1417 as shown. The guide shaft 1417 extends through central openings in the drive coils 1411A, 1411B and through central openings in the first and second outer drive magnets 1421, 1421B. The first outer drive magnet 1421A applies repulsive magnetic forces to magnet 1415A2 during the sliding motion of the set of magnets 1415A1, 1415A2, 1415B1, 1415B2 and guide shaft 1417 to enhance or boost the linear oscillatory sliding motion of the set of magnets 1415A1, 1415A2, 1451B1, 1415B2 and guide shaft 1417. The outer drive magnet 1421B applies repulsive magnetic forces to magnet 1415B2 during the sliding motion of the set of magnets 1415A1, 1415A2, 1415B1, 1415B2 and guide shaft 1417 to enhance or boost the linear oscillatory sliding motion of the set of magnets 1415A1, 1415A2, 1415B1, 1415B2 and guide shaft 1417. This sliding motion can be supported by rollers 1423A, 1423B (or possibly bearings) disposed on the opposed ends of the guide shaft 1417 as shown.

[0109] In embodiments, the pulsed-mode excitation signals applied to drive coils 1411A, 1411B includes a series of pulses that are applied to the drive coils 1411A, 1411B in an alternating manner over time. Specifically, the pulsed-mode excitation signals include a sequence of a first pulse followed by a first dwell time interval followed by a second pulse followed by a second dwell time interval. The first pulse is applied to one of the drive coils 1411A or 1411B and imparts sliding motion of the set of magnets 1415A1, 1415A2, 1415B1, 1415B2 and guide shaft 1417 in a first direction (such as toward the leftside of the page in FIG.9 when the first pulse is applied to drive coil 1411A), and the second pulse is applied to the other one of the drive coils 1411B or 1411A and imparts sliding motion of the set of magnets 1415A1, 1415A2, 1415B1, 1415B2 and guide shaft 1417 in a second direction opposite the first direction (such as toward the right side of the page in FIG.9 when the second pulse is applied to drive coil 1411B). During the first dwell time interval, a null or zero magnitude electrical excitation signal is applied to the one drive coil 1411A or 1411B, and the corresponding outer drive magnet 1421A or 1421B applies repulsive magnetic forces to reverse the direction of the sliding motion from the first direction to the second direction. During the second dwell time interval, a null or zero magnitude electrical excitation signal is applied to the other drive coil 1411B or 1411A, and the corresponding outer drive magnet(1421B or 1421A applies repulsive magnetic forces to reverse the direction of the sliding motion from the second direction to the first direction.

[0110] In one embodiment, the first pulse is applied to drive coil 1411A, which generates an attractive force that interacts with magnet 1415A1 disposed on the drive coil 1411A and a repelling force that interacts with magnet 1415A2 disposed on the left (opposite) side of the drive coil 1411A. These attractive and repelling forces cooperate to impart sliding motion of the set of magnets 1415A1, 1415A2, 1415B1, 1415B2 and guide shaft 1417 in the first direction (i.e., toward the left side of the page in FIG.9). During the first dwell time interval, a null or zero magnitude electrical excitation signal is applied to the drive coil 1411A, and the corresponding outer drive magnet 1421A applies repulsive magnetic forces to reverse the direction of the sliding motion from the first direction to the second direction. The second pulse is applied to drive coil 1411B, which generates an attractive force that interacts with magnet 1415B1 disposed on the left side of the drive coil 1411B and a repelling force that interacts with magnet 1415B2 disposed on the right side of the drive coil 1411B. These attractive and repelling forces cooperate to impart sliding motion of the set of magnets 1415A1, 1415A2, 1415B1, 1415B2 and guide shaft 1417 in the second direction (i.e., toward the right side of the page in FIG.9). During the second dwell time interval, a null or zero magnitude electrical excitation signal is applied to the drive coil 1411B, and the corresponding outer drive magnet 1421B applies repulsive magnetic forces to reverse the direction of the sliding motion from the second direction tothe first direction. The fixed positions of the drive coils 1411A, 1411B and / or the first and second outer drive magnets 1421A, 1421B and the axial positions of the magnets 1415A1, 1415A2, 1415B1, 1415B2 on the guide shaft 1417 can be adjusted and tuned to provide a desired range (and boundaries) of sliding motion for the set of magnets 1415A1, 1415A2, 1415B1, 1415B2 that are mounted on the guide shaft 1417.

[0111] An oscillatory mass is supported above the magnets 1415A1, 1415A2, 1415B1, 1415B2 and guide shaft 1417 by a bottom support frame 1425. The oscillatory mass includes a carriage 1427, and a mass body 1431 and top support frame 1501 mounted on the carriage 1427. A coupler arm 1433 operably couples the set of magnets 1415A1, 1415A2, 1415B1, 1415B2 and guide shaft 1417 to the carriage 1427 and functions to transmit the linear oscillatory motion of the set of magnets 1415A1, 1415A2, 1415B1, 1415B2 and guide shaft 1417 to linear oscillatory motion of the oscillatory mass, which occurs in opposed directions across the page as indicated by bidirectional arrows 1433 in FIGS.9 and 10.

[0112] The bottom support frame 1425 and the carriage 1427 and can include magnetic levitation components 1435A, 1435B that suspend the oscillatory mass in air above the stationary bottom support frame 1425 to counteract gravity and limit friction during the linear oscillatory motion of the oscillatory mass.

[0113] The coupler arm 1433 can include a joint (such as a slotted bracket or other suitable joint) that permits vertical displacement of the carriage 1427 / oscillatory mass relative to the bottom support frame 1425 to accommodate the magnetic levitation provided by the magnetic levitation components 1435A, 1435B. The joint can permit manual adjustment and control of the maximum vertical displacement of the carriage 1427 relative to the bottom support frame 1425, for example, by adjusting a set screw that fixes the maximum vertical displacement of the carriage 1427 relative to the bottom support frame 1425.

[0114] As shown in FIG.10, the top support frame 1501 includes frame members 1501A that extend from one side of the carriage 1427 to a transverse frame member 1501B. The top support frame 1501 also includes frame members 1501C that extend from theopposite side of the carriage 1427 to a transverse frame member 1501D. The transverse frame members 1501B and 1501D are both oriented transverse to the direction of the linear oscillating motion of the oscillatory mass (bidirectional arrow 1433). A pair of drive magnets 1503A1, 1503A2 is mounted at or near opposed ends of the transverse frame member 1501B, and a pair of drive magnets 1503B1, 1503B2 is mounted at or near opposed ends of the transverse frame member 1501D as shown. The drive magnets 1503A1, 1503B1 are disposed opposite one another, and the space between the drive magnets 1503A1, 1503B1 defines a first resonance chamber 15E1' as shown. The drive magnets 1503A2, 1503B2 are disposed opposite one another, and the space between the drive magnets 1503A2, 1503B2 defines a second resonance chamber 15E2' as shown. Two distinct linear harmonic resonance oscillator 16A', 16B' are operably disposed within the corresponding first and second resonance chambers 15E1', 15E2', respectively, as shown. The support frame 1501 and the drive magnets 1503A1, 1503A2, 1503B1, 1503B2 correspond to the resonance drive assembly 15' of FIG.7.

[0115] As best shown in FIG.11, each one of the linear harmonic resonance oscillator 16A', 16B' includes a carriage 1601, a resonance mass body 1603 mounted on the carriage 1601, and magnets 1605A, 1605B disposed on opposite sides of the resonance mass body 1603. During the linear oscillatory motion of the linear harmonic resonance oscillator, the pairs of opposed drive magnets (1503A1 / 1503B1 or 1503A2 / 1503B2) of the resonance drive assembly 15' generates repulsive magnetic forces that interacts with the corresponding magnets of the 1605A, 1605B of the linear harmonic resonance oscillator to drive linear oscillatory motion of the linear harmonic resonance oscillator, which occurs in opposed directions across the page indicated by arrows 1607A, 1607B in FIGS.10 and 11. Note that directions of oscillatory motion of the two linear harmonic resonance oscillators 16A', 16B' are parallel to one another as best shown in FIG.10. The width between the opposed drive magnets (1503A1 / 1503B1 or 1503A2 / 1503B2) of the resonance drive assembly 15' sets the range (and boundaries) of the linear oscillatory motion of the two linear harmonic resonance oscillators 16A', 16B'. In embodiments, the frequency of the linear oscillatory motion of the drive oscillator 14' is configured to matches the natural frequency of the two linear harmonic resonance oscillators 16A', 16B', resulting in resonantoscillation of the two linear harmonic resonance oscillators 16A', 16B'.

[0116] In embodiments, the resonant oscillation of the two linear harmonic resonance oscillators 16A', 16B' results from the buildup of magnetic field force as the resonance oscillators 16A', 16B' oscillate between the corresponding pair of drive magnets (e.g., drive magnet pair 1503A1, 1503A2 for resonance oscillator 16A' and drive magnet pair 1503B1, 1503B2 for resonance oscillator 16B'). Such build up in magnetic field forces accelerates the oscillating masses of the resonance oscillators 16A', 16B'. More specifically, the acceleration of the oscillating mass of the resonance oscillator 16A' or 16B' increases proportionally to the magnetic field forces applied by the corresponding drive magnet pair. Such applied magnetic field forces oscillates in response to the linear oscillatory motion of the drive oscillator 14'. As the oscillating magnetic field of a drive magnet move closer to the magnetic field of the resonance oscillator, the potential energy of the resonance oscillator increases and is converted to kinetic energy when the field strength force is greater that the weight of the oscillatory mass of the resonance oscillator.

[0117] The linear harmonic resonance oscillator (16A' or 16B') is supported above a corresponding bottom support frame 1609 as shown in FIG.11. The bottom support frame 1609 and the carriage 1601 can include magnetic levitation components 1611A, 1611B that suspend the linear harmonic resonance oscillator (16A' or 16B') in air above the bottom support frame 1609 to counteract gravity and limit friction during the linear oscillatory motion of the linear harmonic resonance oscillator.

[0118] The carriage 1601 of the linear harmonic resonance oscillator is operably coupled to a linkage 1613 (e.g., a Scott-Russel linkage) that connects the carriage 1601 to a corresponding spindle shaft 1615. The linkage 1613 functions to transmit the linear oscillatory motion of the linear harmonic resonance oscillator (arrow 1607A / 1607B) to vertical oscillatory / reciprocating motion of the spindle shaft 1615, which occurs in opposed directions up and down the page as indicated by bidirectional arrow 1617 in FIG.11.

[0119] The linear harmonic resonance oscillators 16A', 16B' and corresponding linkages 1613 and spindle shafts 1615 can be symmetrical in design and construction such that the linear oscillatory motions of the linear harmonic resonance oscillators 16A', 16B'and corresponding spindle shafts 1615 are synchronized with respect to one another. This results in synchronous linear oscillation of the linear harmonic resonance oscillators 16A', 16B' as well as synchronous vertical oscillation of the corresponding spindle shafts 1615.

[0120] As shown in FIGS.8, 12 and 13, the two spindle shafts 1615 operably couple the linear harmonic resonance oscillators 16A', 16B' to corresponding spindle nut drive subassemblies 2201, which function to convert the synchronous vertical oscillatory motion of the corresponding spindle shafts 1615 to rotational motion that drives a spur-gear subassembly 2203. As shown in FIG.13, each spindle nut drive subassembly 2201 includes a cylindrical housing 2205 that houses a first rotating nut 2207 disposed coaxially above a first engagement plate 2209 at or near the top of the housing 2205, and a second rotating nut 2211 disposed coaxially below a second engagement plate 2213 at or near the bottom of the housing 2205 as shown. The first and second rotating nuts 2207, 2211 are captured or supported within the housing 2205 in a manner that allows the first and second rotating nuts 2207, 2211 to rotate freely relative to the housing 2205 and move into an out of contact or engagement with the corresponding first and second engagement plates 2209, 2213 in response to the vertical oscillatory / reciprocating motion of the spindle shaft 1615. The first and second engagement plates 2209, 2213 are both mechanically fixed to the housing 2205 such that the first and second engagement plates 2209, 2213 rotate together with the housing 2205. The spindle shaft 1615 has a helical groove that interfaces to the internal thread of the first rotating nut 2207 such that vertical oscillatory / reciprocating motion of the spindle shaft 1615 drives rotation of the first rotating nut 2207 in both clockwise and counterclockwise rotational directions. More specifically, downward vertical motion of the spindle shaft 1615 drives rotation of the first rotating nut 2207 in a first rotational direction (e.g., clockwise), and upward vertical motion of the spindle shaft 1615 drives rotation of the first rotating nut 2207 in the opposite second rotational direction (e.g., counterclockwise). The helical groove of the spindle shaft 1615 also interfaces to the internal thread of the second rotating nut 2211 such that vertical oscillatory / reciprocating motion of the spindle shaft 1615 drives rotation of the second rotating nut 2211 in both clockwise and counterclockwise rotational directions. Upward vertical motion of the spindle shaft 1615 drives rotation of the second rotating nut 2211 in the first rotational direction (e.g., clockwise), and downward vertical motion of the spindle shaft 1615 drivesrotation of the second rotating nut 2213 in the opposite second rotational direction (e.g., counterclockwise).

[0121] Furthermore, the downward vertical motion of the spindle shaft 1615 is configured to couple or engage the first rotating nut 2207 with the first engagement plate 2209 and decouple and disengage the second rotating nut 2211 from the second engagement plate 2213. In this configuration, downward vertical movement of the spindle shaft 1615 drives rotation of the first rotating nut 2207 in the first rotational direction, which drives rotation of the first engagement plate 2209 and the housing 2205 in the first rotational direction. The downward vertical movement of the spindle shaft 1615 drives rotation of second rotating nut 2211 in the second rotational direction but the second rotating nut 2211 is disengaged from the second engagement plate 2213 and thus does not affect the rotation of the housing 2205. The rotation of the housing 2205 in the first rotational direction drives the rotation of the outer gear 2215 of the spur-gear assembly 2203 in response to the downward vertical motion of the spindle shaft 1615.

[0122] Furthermore, upward vertical motion of the spindle shaft 1615 is configured to couple or engage the second rotating nut 2211 with the second engagement plate 2213 and decouple and disengage the first rotating nut 2207 from the first engagement plate 2209. In this configuration, the upward vertical movement of the spindle shaft 1615 drives rotation of the second rotating nut 2211 in the first rotational direction, which drives rotation of the second engagement plate 2213 and the housing 2205 in the first rotational direction. The upward vertical movement of the spindle shaft 1615 drives rotation of the first rotating nut 2207 in the second rotational direction but the first rotating nut 2207 is disengaged from the first engagement plate 2209 and thus does not affect the rotation of the housing 2205. The rotation of the housing 2205 in the first rotational direction drives the rotation of the outer gear 2215 of the spur-gear assembly 2203 in response to the upward vertical motion of the spindle shaft 1615.

[0123] In this manner, the first and second rotating nuts 2207, 2211 and the first and second engagement plates 2209, 2213 of the spindle nut drive subassembly 2201 drive rotation of the housing 2205 of the spindle nut drive subassembly 2201 in response to thevertical oscillatory / reciprocating motion of the corresponding spindle shaft 1615. Such action is performed for the two spindle nut drive subassemblies 2201 in parallel with one another, which drives the outer gears 2215 of the spur-gear subassembly 2203, which drives rotation of the central gear 2217 and flywheel connecting shaft 2219 of the spur-gear subassembly 2203 as shown in FIG.12.

[0124] The two spindle nut drive subassemblies 2201 can be symmetrical in design and construction such that the rotational motion of the housings 2205 of the spindle nut drive subassemblies 2201 that drives the outer gears 2215 of spur-gear subassembly 2203 are synchronized with respect to one another. This results in synchronous operation of the outer gears 2215 of the spur-gear subassembly 2203, which cooperate to drive rotation of the central gear 2217 and the flywheel connecting shaft 2219 of the spur-gear subassembly 2203.

[0125] The spindle shafts 1615 and spindle nut drive subassemblies 2201 generate an RPM and torque, which is based on the spindle design and input force. The spur-gear subassembly 2203 may either increase RPM or increase torque of the flywheel connecting shaft 2219. In embodiments, the spur-gear assembly 2203 can be configured to increase the RPM generated by the spindle shafts 1615 and spindle nut drive subassemblies 2201.

[0126] The angular momentum transmission mechanism 29' of FIG.7 includes one or more flywheels that are rotatably driven by the rotation of the flywheel connecting shaft 2219. In this configuration, the energy of the linear mass oscillators of the system (e.g., linear harmonic resonance oscillators 16A', 16B') is converted to rotational energy of the rotating flywheel(s) via the intermediate transmission systems (e.g., linkages 1613, the spindle shafts 1615, the spindle nut drive subassemblies 2201, and the spur-gear subassembly 2203). The one or more flywheels are used to increase the input torque supplied to the electrical generator 38' to overcome the counter torque that results from the electromotive force produced by the operation of the electrical generator 38'. The one or more flywheels can be supported by magnetic levitation components, which suspend the flywheel(s) in air to counteract gravity and limit friction during the rotation of theflywheel(s).

[0127] In an embodiment shown in FIG.14, the angular momentum transmission mechanism 29' includes a first flywheel 2901A operably coupled to a second flywheel 2901B by a planetary gear assembly 2903. The first flywheel 2901A is mounted on and supported by magnetic levitation components 2905A, 2905B, which suspend the first flywheel 2901A in air to counteract gravity and limit friction during the rotation of the first flywheel 2901A. The planetary gear assembly 2903 is a type of epicyclic gear system that includes a sun gear and planet gears. The sun gear serves as the input and driver of the planet gears. The planet gears rotate around the sun gear within a gearbox. The planetary gear assembly 2903 includes first and second stages. The first stage 2907A is a planetary gear system that functions to increase the torque force output by the first flywheel 2901A, which is equal or greater than the force necessary to rotate the second flywheel 2901B at a desired RPM. The second stage 2907B is a planetary gear system that functions to increase the RPM output by the first flywheel 2901A to rotate the second flywheel 2901B at the desired RPM. The second flywheel 1901B is rotatably driven by the output of the planetary gear assembly 2903 and supported by magnetic levitation components 2909A, 2909B, which suspend the second flywheel 2901B in air to counteract gravity and limit friction during the rotation of the second flywheel 2901B.

[0128] The rotational output of the angular momentum transmission mechanism 29' (e.g., shaft 2911 that rotates with the second flywheel 2901B) is supplied to a torque transfer mechanism 35', which is configured to provide a desired torque and RPM for driving the electrical generator 38'. In embodiments, the torque transfer mechanism 35' can include a planetary gear assembly 3501 as shown in FIG.15. The planetary gear assembly 3501 can be configured to increase or decrease the torque force of the rotational output of the flywheel subassembly 29' and provides the optimal RPM for driving the electrical generator 38'. The planetary gear assembly 3501 drives rotation of an input shaft 3801 of the electrical generator 38'. In embodiments, the torque output by the planetary gear subassembly 3501 is greater than the EMF forces required to operate the electrical generator 38'.

[0129] In one exemplary embodiment, the shaft 2911 that rotates with the second flywheel 2901B can rotate at or near 4000 RPM with an effective torque T, and the planetary gear assembly 3501 can provide a reduction in RPM of 1 / 10 and an increase in torque of 10 / 1 to drive rotation of the input shaft 3801 the electrical generator 38' at 400 RPM and an output torque of 10*T.

[0130] In another exemplary embodiment, the shaft 2911 that rotates with the second flywheel 2901B can rotate at or near 400 RPM with an effective torque T, and the planetary gear assembly 3501 can provide an increase in RPM of 10 / 1 and a decrease in torque of 1 / 10 to drive rotation of the input shaft 3801 the electrical generator 38' at 4000 RPM and an output torque of T / 10.

[0131] The electrical generator 38' converts the rotation of the input shaft 3801 of the electrical generator 38' to alternating current power signals, such as a standard single phase or three-phase AC power signal (e.g., 120V / 220 V 60 Hz AC Power signal).

[0132] In embodiments, the electrical generator 38' can be embodied by a rotary machine, such as a rotating machine that includes one or more pairs of a rotating magnet subassembly 3801 and a stationary coil subassembly 3803 as shown in FIGS.16A and 16B. The rotating magnet subassembly 3801 is rotatable driven by the rotation of the input shaft 3801 of the electrical generator. The rotating magnet subassembly 3801 includes a set of magnets 3805 distributed about a ring-shaped holder 3807. The magnets 3805 can be elongate strip or patch magnets that are oriented in radial directions about the central rotational axis of the holder 3807 as shown. The magnets 3805 can be mounted to one or both sides of the ring-shaped holder 3807 as shown in FIG.16C. The stationary coil subassembly 3803 includes a serpentine coil structure 3809 that is disposed on or encapsulated within a plastic (magnetically insert) planar body 3811. The serpentine coil structure 3809 is operably disposed adjacent to the magnets 3805 of the rotating magnet subassembly 3801. Air, gas or liquid cooling jacket or coils may be incorporated around the serpentine coil structure 3809 or run through the body 3811 of the stationary coil subassembly 3803 for cooling purposes. The rotation of the magnets 3805 of the rotating magnet subassembly 3801 induces a time-varying alternating current signal in theserpentine coil structure 3809 of the stationary coil subassembly 3803. The serpentine coil structures 3809 of the multiple pairs of rotating magnet subassembly 3801 / stationary coil subassembly 3803 may operate as a single phase coil or multiple phase coil. Multiple phase coils can be connected together either by Wye or Delta design and to a single phase or 3-phase transformer.

[0133] The rotating magnet subassemblies 3801 of the electrical generator 38' can be supported by magnetic levitation components, which suspend the rotating magnet subassemblies 3801 in air, together as a larger part or separately as individual parts, to counteract gravity and limit friction during rotation of the rotating magnet subassemblies 3801.

[0134] In other embodiments, the electrical generator 38' can be embodied by a linear oscillatory machine, such as a linear oscillatory machine having one or more 3-tuple of elements (i.e., 3-part assembly) that includes a stationary linear coil subassembly 3853 disposed between an upper linear oscillating magnet subassembly 3851 and a lower linear oscillating magnet subassembly 3855 as shown in FIGS.17 and 18A-C. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG.17, the linear oscillatory machine has three 3-tuple of elements (i.e., 3- part assembly) that includes a stationary linear coil subassembly 3853 disposed between an upper linear oscillating magnet subassembly 3851 and a lower linear oscillating magnet subassembly 3855. In other embodiments, the linear oscillatory machine can include one, two, or more than three 3-tuple of elements (i.e., 3-part assembly) that includes the stationary linear coil subassembly 3853 disposed between an upper linear oscillating magnet subassembly 3851 and a lower linear oscillating magnet subassembly 3855. In the illustrative embodiment shown, the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies 3851, 3855 of the three 3-tuple of elements are mounted to an oscillatory support frame 3861. A scotch-yoke drive 3863 converts rotation of the input shaft 3801 of the electrical generator 38' to linear oscillatory motion of the oscillatory support frame 3861 and the linear oscillating magnet subassemblies 3851 / 3855 mounted thereon. As shown in FIGS.18A and 18C, the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies 3851, 3853 each include a set of magnets 3871 distributed as rows on a plate 3873. The rows of magnets 3871 extend parallel to the direction of the linear oscillatory motion of thesupport frame 3861, which is indicated by bidirectional arrow 3865 in FIG.17. As shown in FIG.18B, the stationary linear coil subassembly 3853 includes a serpentine coil structure 3875 that is laid out as rows disposed on or encapsulated within a plastic (magnetically insert) planar body 3877. The rows of the serpentine coil structure 3875 extend parallel to the direction of the linear oscillatory motion of the support frame 3861 (bidirectional arrow 3865 in FIG.17). The rows of the serpentine coil structure 3875 are operably disposed adjacent to the rows of magnets 3871 of the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies 3851, 3855 for a given 3-tuple. Air, gas or liquid cooling jacket or coils may be incorporated around the serpentine coil structure 3875 or run through the body 3877 for cooling purposes. The linear oscillatory motion of the magnets 3871 of the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies 3851, 3855 of each 3-tuple induces a time-varying alternating current signal in the serpentine coil structure 3875 of the stationary linear coil subassembly 3853 of the given 3-tuple. The serpentine coil structures of the multiple 3-tuples may operate as a single phase coil or multiple phase coils. Multiple phase coils can be connected together either by Wye or Delta design and to a single phase or 3-phase Transformer.

[0135] The upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies 3851, 3855 of each 3-tuple can be supported by magnetic levitation components, which suspend the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies 3851, 3855 in air, together as a larger part or separately as individual parts, to counteract gravity and limit friction during the linear oscillating movement of the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies 3851, 3855.

[0136] The upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies 3851, 3855 can include spacers 3879 that are distributed on the plate 3873 between the rows of the magnets 3871 as shown in FIGS 18A and 18C. The spacers 3879 can extend vertically to mechanically couple one or more plates together to form a unitary structure that undergoes linear oscillatory motion driven by the rotational input supplied to the scotch-yoke drive 3863.

[0137] In embodiments, the magnets of an upper linear oscillating magnetsubassembly 3851 can be disposed on the top surface of a plate with the magnets of a lower linear oscillating magnet subassembly 3855 disposed on the bottom surface of the plate. In this configuration, the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies 3851, 3855 for one or more adjacent 3-tuples can be formed for a single plate.

[0138] In embodiments, the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies 3851, 3855 can include one or more pairs of opposed outer magnets (for example, two pairs 3881A1 / 3881A2 and 3881B1 / 3881B2) that are mounted to arms 3883 that extend from the plate 3873 of the respective linear oscillating magnet subassembly as shown in FIG.19. The pair(s) of opposed outer magnets (e.g., 3881A1 / 3881A2 and 3881B1 / 3881B2) are configured to move with the plate 3873 during the linear oscillating movement of the linear oscillating magnet subassembly and interact magnetically with a corresponding pair of stationary drive magnets (for example, pair 3883A1 / 3883A2 or 3883B1 / 3883B2) that provide repulsive magnetic forces to the pair of opposed outer magnets( e.g., 3881A1 / 3881A2 and 3881B1 / 3881B2) to boost or enhance the linear oscillating motion of the linear oscillating magnet subassembly. Such repulsive forces lower the torque that is supplied by the input shaft 3801 of the electrical generator 38' that is required to produce the desired linear oscillatory motion of the linear oscillating magnet subassemblies.

[0139] In embodiments, the phase of the electromotive forces produced by the linear oscillating magnet subassemblies 3851, 3855 lags behind the phase of the time varying altering current signal(s) produced by the serpentine coil structure(s) 3875 of the stationary linear coil subassembly(ies) 3853. A variable capacitor 3885 can be connected to the AC signal output of the linear coil subassembly(ies) as shown in FIG.18B. The variable capacitance of the capacitor 3885 can be tuned to shift the effective electromotive forces such that the phase of such electromotive forces matches the phase of the time- varying altering current signal(s) produced by the serpentine coil structure(s) 3875 of the stationary linear coil subassembly(ies) 3853.

[0140] In the examples herein, the magnets of the system, operate as “springs” in the system and sometimes employed for magnetic levitation or support. The magnets maybe permanent magnets having a disc, ring, rectangle, arc, or segment shapes, or a Halbach array. A Halbach array is a special arrangement of permanent magnets that augments the magnetic field on one side of the array while cancelling the field to near zero on the other side. This is achieved by having a spatially rotating pattern of the magnetic field. The rotating pattern of permanent magnets (on the front face; on the left, up, right, down) can be continued indefinitely and have the same effect. The effect of this arrangement is roughly similar to many horseshoe magnets placed adjacent to each other, with similar poles touching. The magnets of the system can be purchased commercially, such as from https: / / www.kjmagnetics.com. The magnetic field orientation of the magnets may be axial or diametrical and the magnet field must be parallel to the coil edge field direction. The system may contain any type of permanent magnet, including but not limited to the following: Iron Nitride (Fe 16 N 2), which is produced by combining Iron and Nitrogen is considered a stronger magnet than Neodymium (Nd 2 Fe 14 B), alnico, samarium cobalt, ferrite, and neodymium magnets. The preferred magnet of this invention is any type of magnet that has similar characteristics to neodymium magnets. Neodymium magnets are made from compounds of neodymium with transition metals such as iron that are ferromagnetic, with Curie temperatures well above room temperature. The strength of neodymium magnets is the result of several factors. The most important is that the tetragonal Nd2Fe14B crystal structure has exceptionally high uniaxial magneto-crystalline anisotropy (HA ≈ 7 T – magnetic field strength H in units of A / m versus magnetic moment in A^m2). This means a crystal of the material preferentially magnetizes along a specific crystal axis but it is difficult to magnetize in other directions. Like other magnets, the neodymium magnet alloy is composed of microcrystalline grains which are aligned in a powerful magnetic field during manufacture so their magnetic axes all point in the same direction. The resistance of the crystal lattice to turning its direction of magnetization gives the compound an extremely high coercivity, or resistance to being demagnetized. The neodymium atom can have a large magnetic dipole moment because it has four unpaired electrons in its electron structure as opposed to (on average) three in iron. In a magnet it is the unpaired electrons, aligned so that their spin is in the same direction, which generate the magnetic field. This gives the Nd2Fe14B compound a high saturation magnetization (Js ≈ 1.6 T or 16 kG) and a remnant magnetization of typically 1.3 teslas. Therefore, as themaximum energy density is proportional to Js2, this magnetic phase has the potential for storing large amounts of magnetic energy (BHmax ≈ 512 kJ / m3 or 64 MG^Oe). This magnetic energy value is about 18 times greater than "ordinary" ferrite magnets by volume and 12 times by mass. The Nd2Fe14B crystal structure can be described as alternating layers of iron atoms and a neodymium-boron compound. Grades of sintered NdFeB are N30 – N55, N30M – N50M, N30H – N50H, N30SH – N48SH, N30UH – N42UH, N28EH – N40EH, and N28TH – N35TH. The filed strength of magnets of the neodymium magnetic rotor is calculated by H which is H = B / μ − M, where B is the magnetic flux density, a measure of the actual magnetic field within a material considered as a concentration of magnetic field lines, or flux, per unit cross-sectional area; μ is the magnetic permeability; and M is the magnetization. The field force can be measured in kilograms. The attractive field force is the amount of force that is required in order to act upon the opposite magnetic field (polarity). The repelling field force is the amount of force that is required in order to act upon the same magnetic field (polarity).

[0141] The magnetic field of an electromagnetic coil may be calculated by the equation F = (n x i) 2 x magnetic constant x A / (2 x g2), where, F = force, i = current, g = length of the gap between the coil and a permanent magnetic, A = Area, n = number of turns of the coil, and the magnetic constant. As the current flows in the coil, the magnetic field of the coil can interact with a permanent magnet positioned within the magnetic field by a repelling force or attractive force based on the formulas above. The intensity of the field is proportional to the voltage and amps of the coils and the distance from the permanent magnet at the strongest field point of the coil, with progressively reduces field strength away from the coil. The resonance drive assembly includes at least one electromagnetic coil that provides repelling magnetic forces and / or attractive magnetic forces that induces linear harmonic oscillatory motion of the linear harmonic resonance oscillator. To increase the output force, additional coil / magnets may be added to this design.

[0142] The apparatus or systems as described herein may be contained within an enclosure or housing. The enclosure or housing may be constructed from nonmagnetic metals such as aluminum, copper, lead, tin, titanium and zinc, and alloys such as stainlesssteel, brass, bronze, and plastics such as ABS, Nylon, and Carbon fiber but not limited to these materials. The enclosure or housing may be enclosed in a vacuum chamber to reduce friction and energy loss. The entire apparatus may be identified as the oscillating magnetic resonance drive power module and may be connected in multiple configurations or groupings.Citations US4660435A EP0300126A1 US4821599A DE4007424A1 US4996016A WO1992005617A1 US5124605A US5462402A US2459860A US2467211A US2556471A US2978599A US3937994A US4071246A US4087710A USRE31199E US4639626A US2776524A US3263362AUS20090253344A1 US20090253345A1 US20110006479A1 US20110177750A1 USD646729S1 USD660918S1 USD665859S1 USD665858S1 USD667894S1 US8715032B2 US8986066B2 US9566528B2 USD825677S1 USD825676S1 USD829827S1 USD842936S1 US1817567A US1998136A US2741873A US127432A1US3003357A US3167962A US3812726A US3905224A US4000659A US4007825A US4380692A US20120234115A1 US20160327909A1 US11300585B2 US20080271711A1 US20090179424A1 US2362151A US2567042A US2814551A US2899565A US3225617A US3234395A US3170406A US2522389AUS2531230A US2532096A US2539535A US2549464A US2829276A US2842688A US2899565A

Claims

I claim:

1. An electrical power generator comprising: at least one 3-tuple of elements that includes a stationary linear coil subassembly disposed between an upper linear oscillating magnet subassembly and a lower linear oscillating magnet subassembly.

2. An electrical power generator according to claim 1, wherein: linear oscillatory motion of magnets of the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies induces a time-varying alternating current signal in a serpentine coil structure of the stationary linear coil subassembly.

3. An electrical power generator according to claim 1, wherein: the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies are mounted to an oscillatory support frame.

4. An electrical power generator according to claim 3, further comprising: an input shaft; and a transmission configured to convert rotation of the input shaft to linear oscillatory motion of the oscillatory support frame and the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies mounted thereon.

5. An electrical power generator according to claim 4, wherein: the transmission comprises a scotch-yoke drive.

6. An electrical power generator according to claim 1, wherein: the upper linear oscillating magnet subassembly and the lower linear oscillating magnet subassembly of a given 3-tuple of elements each include a plate with a set of magnets distributed as rows on the plate.

7. An electrical power generator according to claim 6, wherein: the lower linear oscillating magnet subassembly of one 3-tuple of elements and the upper linear oscillating subassembly of another 3-tuple of elements below the one 3- tuple of elements comprise a plate having a top surface disposed opposite a bottom surface, wherein the lower linear oscillating magnet subassembly of the one 3-tuple of elements includes a first set of magnets distributed as rows on the top surface of the plate, and wherein the upper linear oscillating magnet subassembly of the other 3-tuple of elements includes a second set of magnets distributed as rows on the bottom surface of the plate.

8. An electrical power generator according to claim 6, wherein: the rows of magnets of the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies extend parallel to direction of linear oscillatory motion of the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies.

9. An electrical power generator according to claim 6, wherein: the stationary linear coil subassembly includes a serpentine coil structure that is laid out as rows disposed on or encapsulated within a planar plastic body.

10. An electrical power generator according to claim 9, wherein: the rows of the serpentine coil structure extend parallel to the direction of the linear oscillatory motion of the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies.

11. An electrical power generator according to claim 9, wherein: the rows of the serpentine coil structure are operably disposed adjacent to the rows of magnets of the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies for a given 3-tuple of elements.

12. An electrical power generator according to claim 6, wherein. serpentine coil structures of multiple 3-tuples of elements operate as a singlephase coil or multiple phase coil.

13. An electrical power generator according to claim 1, wherein: the upper linear oscillating magnet subassembly and the lower linear oscillating magnet subassembly of a given 3-tuple of elements are supported by magnetic levitation components, which suspend the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies in air, together as a larger part or separately as individual parts, to counteract gravity and limit friction during the linear oscillating movement of the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies.

14. An electrical power generator according to claim 1, wherein: the upper linear oscillating magnet subassembly and the lower linear oscillating magnet subassembly of a given 3-tuple of elements include spacers that are distributed between rows of the magnets, wherein the spacers extend vertically to mechanically couple together multiple plates to form a unitary structure that undergoes linear oscillatory motion.

15. An electrical power generator according to claim 1, wherein: the upper linear oscillating magnet subassembly and the lower linear oscillating magnet subassembly of a given 3-tuple of elements includes at least one pair of opposed outer magnets that are configured to move with a plate during linear oscillating movement of the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies and interact magnetically with a corresponding pair of stationary drive magnets that provide repulsive magnetic forces to the pair of opposed outer magnets boost or enhance the linear oscillating movement of the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies.

16. An electrical power generator according to claim 1, further comprising: a variable capacitor connected to an alternating current signal output of the stationary linear coil subassembly, wherein capacitance of the variable capacitor is tuned to shift effective electromotive forces such that phase of electromotive forces produced by the upper and lower linear oscillating magnet subassemblies matches phase of a time-varying alternating current signal produced by a serpentine coil structure of the stationary linear coil subassembly. 54

Images