Test system for passive intermodulation and method for passive intermodulation testing
The test system for EMC gaskets in RBS addresses PIM interference by evaluating and predicting PIM performance, ensuring reduced interference through a PIM analyzer and fixture design, thereby maintaining equipment sensitivity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/074202
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-31
AI Technical Summary
The increased power levels and complex structures in 5G Radio Base Stations (RBS) have heightened the risk of Passive Intermodulation (PIM) interference due to non-linear passive devices, which degrade equipment performance by generating noise in signal receiving channels.
A test system and method for evaluating and predicting PIM performance, specifically designed for EMC gaskets, using a PIM analyzer and a test fixture that includes an outer shell and inner core, with adjustable compression and RF ports, to assess PIM power under various conditions, including aging effects.
The system effectively reduces PIM interference risks by ensuring good PIM performance of EMC gaskets, preventing sensitivity deterioration in RBS equipment, and identifying potential PIM sources through standardized testing.
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Figure CN2024074202_31072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
TEST SYSTEM FOR PASSIVE INTERMODULATION AND METHOD FOR PASSIVE INTERMODULATION TESTINGTechnical Field
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to the technical field of communication, and specifically to a test system for Passive Intermodulation (PIM) and a method for PIM testing with the test system.Background
[0002] This section introduces aspects that may facilitate better understanding of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the statements of this section are to be read in this light and are not to be understood as admissions about what is in the prior art or what is not in the prior art.
[0003] In recent years, the evolution of Radio Base Stations (RBS) in the 5G era has seen an increase in power levels (e.g. 320W, 400W, or even higher) . Multiband exists in the product, and complex and compacted structures are required. However, these developments have introduced new challenges, including the heightened risk of PIM issues.
[0004] Passive Intermodulation represents intermodulation products produced when two or more signals with different frequencies are transmitted through a passive device with nonlinear characteristics, such as bad RF connections, damaged cables, poor antennas or many site materials on site (a building roof or a tower) , such as a bracket, a fixture, etc. . PIM interference signals generated by passive devices in the signal transmitting channel may enter the signal receiving channel, which will increase the noise in the signal receiving channel and thus cause the sensitivity of the uplink to deteriorate, eventually resulting in performance degradation in the RBS equipment.
[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to propose an effective PIM evaluation and prediction system, so that possible PIM sources can be analyzed and evaluated, so as to greatly reduce the PIM interference risks.Summary
[0006] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0007] One of the objects of the disclosure is to provide a test solution for evaluating and predicting the PIM performance of certain components, which might be possible PIM sources, so as to greatly reduce potential PIM interference risks.
[0008] According to a first aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a test system for Passive Intermodulation (PIM) , comprising a PIM analyzer and a test fixture in communication with the PIM analyzer for fixedly holding a component to be tested. The test fixture comprises an outer shell and an inner core arranged in the outer shell, and the component is arranged on an outer surface of the outer shell or at the inner core.
[0009] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the inner core is coaxially arranged in the other shell.
[0010] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the inner core comprises two core portions. The two core portions are arranged in parallel and separated from each other with a distance, and signals being transmitted through coupling of the two core portions.
[0011] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the inner core comprises two core portions. Each core portion is arranged in the outer shell at one end thereof, and signals are transmitted through a waveguide structure which is formed by the outer shell.
[0012] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the outer shell comprises a first half-shell with a first flange and a second half-shell with a second flange. The first and second flanges are fixedly connected with each other.
[0013] In an embodiment of the disclosure, a recess is provided on the outer surface of the outer shell, and a metal cover is provided for holding the component in the recess.
[0014] In an embodiment of the disclosure, an adjusting washer is provided between the metal cover and the outer surface of the outer shell for adjusting a compression ratio of the component.
[0015] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the outer shell is provided with positioning pins and the metal cover is provided with notches intended to receive the positioning pins.
[0016] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the inner core comprises a first half-core and a second half-core, and the component is disposed between the first half-core and the second half-core.
[0017] In an embodiment of the disclosure, an adjusting washer is provided between the first flange and the second flange for adjusting the compression ratio of the component.
[0018] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the adjusting washer is a rigid metal washer.
[0019] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the inner core is fixedly held within the outer shell by retaining structures. Each retaining structure comprises a first plastic retaining ring fixedly retained on the outer shell and a second plastic retaining ring rigidly connected to the first plastic retaining ring. The inner core comprises two annular flanges opposed to each other, and each annular flange is fixedly clamped between the first and second plastic retaining rings.
[0020] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second plastic retaining ring is rigidly connected to the first plastic retaining ring by a threaded connection.
[0021] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the inner core is fixedly held within the outer shell by retaining structures. Each retaining structure comprises a part fixed to the outer shell, the part connecting a respective core portion and a corresponding Radio Frequency (RF) port.
[0022] In an embodiment of the disclosure, each of the first and second half-shells comprises a first portion with a respective flange and a second portion fixedly connected to the first portion. One Radio Frequency (RF) port is provided at each second portion.
[0023] In an embodiment of the disclosure, in a forward PIM test mode, two RF ports are connected to the PIM analyzer; and in a reflected PIM test mode, one of the two RF ports is connected to the PIM analyzer and the other of the two RF ports is connected a load severing as a termination.
[0024] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the component is an Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) gasket.
[0025] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the outer shell is coated with a metal material.
[0026] According to a second aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a method for PIM testing with a test system of the above, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
[0027] -determining a noise floor of the test system and ensuring that the noise floor is below a predetermined threshold;
[0028] -mounting the component to be tested to the test fixture; and
[0029] -testing the component with the PIM analyzer and obtaining a PIM power value thereof.
[0030] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the method further comprises: obtaining PIM power values of the component for different transmit (Tx) powers in different frequency bands in a forward PIM test mode and / or a reflected PIM test mode.
[0031] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the method further comprises: aging the component and measuring the PIM power value of the aged component.
[0032] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the method further comprises: measuring a difference between the PIM power value of the non-aged component and the PIM power value of the aged component.
[0033] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the method further comprises: prior to the step of testing the component, performing an uncertainty measurement of the test system.
[0034] The present disclosure reveals a strong correlation between the PIM performance of RBS products and the EMC gasket, and proposes a PIM evaluation system for EMC gaskets, including defining evaluation parameters, a standardized test process, and a test setup, which involves a test fixture design for EMC gaskets.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0035] These and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments thereof, which are to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
[0036] FIG. 1 schematically shows two types of PIM sources in field;
[0037] FIG. 2 schematically shows a general PIM test system for gaskets;
[0038] FIG. 3 (a) schematically shows a first embodiment of the test fixture for the EMC gasket of the present disclosure;
[0039] FIG. 3 (b) schematically shows a second embodiment of the test fixture for the EMC gasket of the present disclosure;
[0040] FIG. 4 (a) and FIG. 4 (b) schematically show an exploded view and an aseembly view of one half of the test fixture of FIG. 3 (a) ;
[0041] FIG. 5 (a) and FIG. 5 (b) partially show a variant of the test fixture of FIG. 3 (b) in an exploded view and an assembly view respectively;
[0042] FIG. 6 schematically show another variant of the test fixture of FIG. 3 (b) in an exploded view;
[0043] FIG. 7 (a) and FIG. 7 (b) schematically the PIM test system of the present disclosure in a reflected PIM test mode and in a forward PIM test mode; and
[0044] FIG. 8 schematically shows test results of different samples of the EMC gasket at different transmit (Tx) powers in different frequency bands.Detailed Description
[0045] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and thus implement the present disclosure, rather than suggesting any limitations on the scope of the present disclosure. Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present disclosure should be or are in any single embodiment of the disclosure. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the described features, advantages, and characteristics of the disclosure may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Those skilled in the relevant art will recognize that the disclosure may be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the disclosure.
[0046] Generally, all terms used herein are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the relevant technical field, unless a different meaning is clearly given and / or is implied from the context in which it is used. All references to a / an / the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc. are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. Any feature of any of the embodiments disclosed herein may be applied to any other embodiment, wherever appropriate. Likewise, any advantage of any of the embodiments may apply to any other embodiments, and vice versa. Other objectives, features and advantages of the enclosed embodiments will be apparent from the following description.
[0047] As mentioned in the Background section, PIM becomes one of the leading sources of interference impacting the performance of the RBS. As shown in Fig. 1, PIM sources in field can be divided into two types, i.e., inline PIM source and external PIM source. The inline PIM source refers to the PIM source in which PIM occurs inside the antenna feed system, including digital unit (DU) , radio unit (RU) , jumper, duplexer, cable, connectors, and antenna, while the external PIM source refers to the PIM source beyond or outside the antenna, which may be some hardware (HW) surrounding the RBS.
[0048] According to the analysis of the inline PIM trouble report of the RBS products in recent 5 years, the applicant found that about 25%of the PIM issues are linked to EMC gaskets. This is a common situation for different product types (such as Remote radio, Active Antenna System (AAS) radios, DU, etc. ) . For EMC gaskets, PIM issues may be caused by material nonlinearity and improper contact. Typically, the EMC gasket may be silicone rubber with conductive particles (e.g. Ni / C, Al / Ag, Glass / Ag) . With a compression rate within a certain range, EMC gaskets show good conductivity. However, the compression state of the gasket could be unevenly distributed. Sometimes, improper contact may also trigger PIM. Additionally, aging effect could change the mechanical property of the silicon rubber of the gasket, which leads to the change of the compression state and thus affects the PIM behavior of the EMC gasket. The material nonlinearity, compression non-uniformity, improper contact with metal structures and aging effects of EMC gaskets will all contribute to PIM.
[0049] In fact, in the prior art, the strong correlation between the PIM performance of RBS products and the EMC gasket has not been revealed. In the case that the applicant has discovered this correlation, one of the challenges in addressing EMC gasket-related PIM issues is to propose a PIM evaluation system for EMC gaskets, including defining evaluation parameters, a standardized test process, and a test setup, which involves a fixture design for EMC gaskets.
[0050] The present disclosure provides a PIM test system (including the design of a test fixture) especially for EMC gaskets and a PIM test method using the test system, so as to predict the PIM level of EMC gaskets especially used in RBS products. By predicting the PIM level of EMC gaskets and ensuring a good PIM performance of EMC gaskets under different compression rates and after aging effect, the problems existing in the prior art, such as the sensitivity deterioration of the uplink caused by the PIM interference of the EMC gasket, can be avoided. This test system and method are suitable for the general EMC gasket used for sub-6G RBS products (including conductive gaskets with a double D-shaped or D-shaped cross section, FIP (Form-in-place) gaskets, and gaskets of other conductive foam material, etc. ) .
[0051] Fig. 2 schematically shows a general PIM test system for gaskets. As shown in Fig. 2, the test system comprises a PIM analyzer 10 and a test fixture 20 in communication with the PIM analyzer 10 for fixedly holding a component 30 to be tested. In the following, the present disclosure will be explained by taking the EMC gasket as an example of the component 30. However, it should be understood that the test system and the test method are also applicable to other gasket structures in other products (not limited to RBS products) .
[0052] Figs. 3 (a) and 3 (b) show two embodiments of the test fixture for EMC gasket of the present disclosure. To reduce the PIM interference, all connectors are designed to have a smooth profile. The test fixture 20 comprises an outer shell 21 and an inner core 22 coaxially arranged with respect to each other. The EMC gasket can be arranged on an outer surface of the outer shell 21 (see Fig. 3 (b) ) or at the inner core 22 (see Fig. 3 (a) ) , since there may be significant surface current, thus making them susceptible to PIM generation. It will be appreciated that, minimizing the number of subparts of the inner core and the outer shell can effectively reduce the PIM risk. It is even possible to design the inner core 22 and the outer shell 21 as a single integrated module.
[0053] The outer shell 21 comprises a first half-shell with a first flange 213a and a second half-shell with a second flange 213b (see Figs. 3 (a) and 3 (b) ) . The first and second flanges 213a, 213b are fixedly connected with each other. As a specific example of each half-shell, as shown in Fig. 4 (a) , each half-shell may comprise a first portion with a respective flange 213a, 213b and a second portion fixedly connected to the first portion. One Radio Frequency (RF) port 25 is provided at each second portion. Further, the outer shell 21 is preferably coated with a metal material with a good conductivity, such as gold, so as to enhance the conductivity and improve the PIM performance of the test fixture 20 itself. The outer shell itself may be formed of a metal material or a plastic material.
[0054] In the first embodiment of Fig. 3 (a) , the inner core 22 comprises a first half-core and a second half-core, and the component 30 to be tested, i.e., EMC gasket, is disposed and compressed between the first half-core and the second half-core, which have symmetrical structures. The EMC gasket is positioned and compressed between these two half-cores. The two flanges 213a, 213b of the outer shell 21 are fixedly connected to each other by e.g. threaded fasteners (not shown in figures) , thereby firmly holding the EMC gasket between the two half-cores. Additionally, an adjusting washer may be provided between the first flange 213a and the second flange 213b for adjusting the compression ratio of the EMC gasket. The adjusting washer is preferably a rigid metal washer.
[0055] With continued reference to Figs. 4 (a) and 4 (b) , each half-core is securely fixed within the outer shell 21 by retaining structures. Each retaining structure comprises a first plastic retaining ring 23 fixedly retained on the outer shell 21 and a second plastic retaining ring 24 rigidly connected to the first plastic retaining ring 23; and the inner core 22 comprises two annular flanges 221 (see Fig. 3 (a) ) opposed to each other, each annular flange 221 being fixedly clamped between the first and second plastic retaining rings 23, 24. As shown in Fig. 4 (b) , the second plastic retaining ring 24 is rigidly connected to the first plastic retaining ring 23 by a threaded connection (e.g., a screw) . However, it should be understood that other means known in the art that can achieve a rigid connection are also feasible, as long as the intended purpose herein can be achieved.
[0056] In the second embodiment of Fig. 3 (b) , a recess is provided on the outer surface of the outer shell 21, and a metal cover 212 is provided for holding the EMC gasket (i.e., the component 30) in the recess. Similarly, an adjusting washer might be provided for adjusting a compression ratio of the EMC gasket. For example, the adjusting washer may be arranged between the metal cover 212 and the outer surface of the outer shell 21.
[0057] Figs. 5 (a) and 5 (b) schematically partially show a variant of the test fixture of FIG. 3 (b) in an exploded view and an assembly view. The metal cover 212 is provided for holding the EMC gasket in the recess 211. As an advantageous variant, the outer shell 21 is provided with positioning pins (not shown in figures) and the metal cover 212 is provided with notches 2121 intended to receive the positioning pins. With such an arrangement, it can be ensured that the metal cover 212 is always installed in a certain position. Further, different from the embodiment shown in Figs. 3 (a) and 3 (b) , in the embodiment shown in Figs. 5 (a) and 5 (b) , at either end of the outer shell 21, a metal core portion 22a or 22b is arranged in the outer shell. Though the outer shell 21 shown in Fig. 5 (a) is formed of three parts, it is also conceivable that the outer shell is formed as a single piece. In addition, as shown in Fig. 5 (a) , each metal core portion extends in a direction perpendicular to the mounting plane of the EMC gasket and is connected with one RF port 25. In this fixture structure, signals are transmitted through a waveguide structure which is formed of the outer shell 21. Each core portion 22a or 22b is fixedly held within the outer shell 21 by a retaining structure comprising a part fixed to the outer shell 21, the part connecting a respective core portion and a corresponding RF port.
[0058] Fig. 6 schematically show another variant of the test fixture in an exploded view. In this test fixture, it comprises an outer shell 22 and two core portions 22a, 22b arranged in the outer shell 22. As shown in Fig. 6, each core portion extends in a direction parallel to the mounting plane of the EMC gasket and is connected with one RF port 25. The two core portions 22a, 22b are arranged in parallel and separated from each other by a distance. In this fixture structure, signals are transmitted through coupling of the two core portions. When designing this test fixture, it shall be ensured that S21 (i.e., Forward Transmission Coefficient) and the surface current of the EMC gasket meet the requirements. Each core portion is fixedly held within the outer shell 21 by a retaining structure comprising a part fixed to the outer shell 21, the part connecting a respective core portion and a corresponding RF port.
[0059] It is to be understood that, EMC gaskets are designed to provide effective electromagnetic shielding and reduce interference in electronic and RF equipment. The properties of EMC gaskets are crucial in ensuring the performance in maintaining EMC and preventing electromagnetic interference (EMI) . The key properties of EMC gaskets include conductivity, compression set, elastomeric material, shielding effectiveness, surface resistivity, operating temperature range, chemical resistance, aging resistance, mechanical durability, material compatibility, environmental sealing, and ease of installation. However, these properties cannot reflect the PIM performance thereof directly.
[0060] Herein, the applicant introduces PIM power as an evaluation parameter of the PIM performance of the EMC gasket. The PIM power refers to the energy generated in the form of unwanted intermodulation products. These intermodulation products are created when two or more signals mix together in a nonlinear device, resulting in new frequencies that can interfere with the desired signals. The characteristics of the signals involved, such as modulation scheme, can influence the PIM power level. Moreover, environmental conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and pressure, can also influence the PIM power level. All these aspects are considered to define the property of the EMC gasket. Usually, PIM power is a required property of power supplies, batteries, power inverters, electrical energy generators, electric motors, power management systems, solar panels, etc. . For wireless system devices, especially the 5G products and the coming 6G products, the PIM power is critical, which is usually measured in decibels relative to reference power level. Herein, the unit of the PIM power is defined as dBm or dBc.
[0061] The basic principle of the PIM power measurement is to transmit two continuous wave (CW) signals into the DUT (device-under-test) and detect the PIM power value in a reflected PIM test mode or a forward (through) PIM test mode. It is important to minimize the PIM power to maintain signal quality and prevent the PIM interference in various applications, especially in wireless communication systems.
[0062] Before performing the PIM test, it is necessary to check the PIM status of the test system without the DUT (e.g., EMC gasket) to ensure that the test environment is PIM-free. The PIM risk in the test environment can be reduced by cleaning, repairing and utilizing PIM-free components.
[0063] It is necessary to ensure that the transmission signal can pass through the entire EMC gasket so that the current can flow through any PIM source. Further, the signal needs be reflected efficiently. If the EMC gasket under test is a PIM source, the reflected power level is increased. Otherwise, it will keep a quite low level. FIG. 7 (a) and FIG. 7 (b) schematically the PIM test system of the present disclosure in two different test modes, i.e. a reflected PIM test mode and a forward (through) PIM test mode.
[0064] In the reflected PIM test mode as shown in Fig. 7 (a) , one RF port is connected to the PIM analyzer 10 and the other RF port is connected a load (e.g., a low PIM load) . PIM analyzer 10 generates two transmission signals, and the signals go through the EMC gasket. The low PIM load acts as a termination point, which is designed to absorb the reflected power from the transmitting end of the RF system, thereby preventing the creation of new intermodulation distortion. So, it can provide a clean and accurate termination for the RF system. In the forward PIM test mode as shown in Fig. 7 (b) , two RF ports 25 are connected to the PIM analyzer 10.
[0065] In addition, screws are used for connecting the first and second flanges 213a, 231b of the outer shell 21 with a standard torque, and should have a clean surface, since any dirt or metal debris may affect the PIM results.
[0066] Advantageously, before performing the PIM test for the EMC gasket, an uncertainty measurement of the test system is conducted.
[0067] According to IEC-62037, the measurement uncertainty (MU) of test system is calculated as follows: Test system MU=√ [ (δA) 2+ (δPm) 2+ (Pg) 2+ (δD) 2+ (δPr) 2+ (δL) 2+ (δfixture) 2]
[0068] where δA refers to Antennation MU, δPm refers to Power meter MU, δPg refers to SG MU, δD refers to a difference between the PIM analyzer and PIM standard (PIM analyzer: <-168dBc @2×43dB, PIM standard: -110dBm±3dB) , δPr refers to SA MU, δD can get from IEC-62037, δL refers to Line loss MU, δfixture refers to fixture MU; and environment condition: Temperature is 22℃±3℃; Humidity 35%-50%.
[0069] For the setup shown above, wherein Tx power: ±0.35dB, Rx power: ±1.5dB; δA<0.05dB, δPm is 0.047 ~ 0.088dB, δPg<0.35dB, δD is 1.8dB, δPr<1.5dB, δL<0.2dB, δPA is 0.7-1.4dB, and δfixture is 2dB, the test system MU is calculated as 3.16dB.
[0070] When using the test system described above to perform the PIM test on the EMC gasket, the testing process may comprise the following steps:
[0071] -determining a noise floor of the test system and ensuring that the noise floor is below a predetermined threshold;
[0072] -mounting the EMC gasket to the test fixture 20; and
[0073] -testing the EMC gasket with the PIM analyzer 10 and obtaining a PIM power value thereof.
[0074] The EMC gasket usually needs to shield the RF signal. According to EMC standards, mainly due to air loss varying with frequency, usually the test scenarios can be divided into two types, i.e., below 1G and above 1G. For the scenario of below 1G, Band 8 (Frequency band 900MHz) is a typical band for testing. While, for the scenario of above 1G, Band 2 (Frequency band 1900 MHz) or Band 3 (Frequency band 1800MHz) is typically selected, since these bands are most common frequency bands surrounding the field deployment.
[0075] FIG. 8 schematically shows test results of different samples of the Ni-C EMC gasket at different transmit (Tx) powers in different frequency bands by using the proposed test solution. It tests two frequency bands, i.e., Band 2 and Band 8. Horizontal axis shows Tx power generated by the PIM analyzer (2*Tx power from 2*31 dBm to 2*46 dBm) , and vertical axis shows PIM power level (in dBm) , which reflects the PIM performance of the EMC gasket.
[0076] As can be seen from Fig. 8, the PIM power changes linearly with the increase of the Tx power. Further, for different samples in different frequency bands, the slope and intercept are different.
[0077] Further, as shown in Fig. 8, the good Ni-C sample has a lower PIM level as compared to the bad Ni-C sample for both 1900MHz and 900MHz. In other words, the good sample has a better PIM performance than the bad sample. In the frequency band of 900MHz, when the 2*Tx is 2*43dBm, the PIM level for the bad sample is -52 dBm, which indicates that the PIM performance will be even worse in Band 8 than that in Band 2.
[0078] The good sample of the EMC gasket in radio product can provide a good shielding performance to avoid the external signal interference and should not emit or generate any extra PIM signal to itself or other equipment. In contrast, the bad sample of the EMC gasket itself will generate a PIM signal, which can interfere with itself or other equipment. The bad sample will cause a large PIM power in RBS, then resulting in a severe interference to the sensitivity of the uplink, either for the RBS using the bad gasket or other co-located RBS.
[0079] According to practical experience, the EMC gasket performs worse over time. The proposed solution of the present disclosure can simulate the PIM performance of EMC gasket after aging effect. Specifically, the testing process may comprise a step of aging the EMC gasket and measuring the PIM power value of the aged component, and further measuring a difference between the PIM power value of the non-aged gasket and the PIM power value of the aged gasket, so as to fully determine the PIM performance of the EMC gasket after aging effect.
[0080] By using the test system and test method of the present disclosure, the PIM performance of EMC gaskets (including the aged gaskets) can be well evaluated, so that the risk of PIM interference caused by EMC gaskets can be reduced to the greatest extent.
[0081] References in the present disclosure to “an embodiment” , “a specific embodiment” and so on, indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to implement such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0082] It should be understood that, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed terms.
[0083] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , and / or “comprised” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. The terms “coupled to” and / or “coupled with” used herein cover the direct and / or indirect connection between two elements.
[0084] The present disclosure includes any novel feature or combination of features disclosed herein either explicitly or any generalization thereof. Various modifications and adaptations to the foregoing exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may become apparent to those skilled in the relevant arts in view of the foregoing description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, any and all modifications will still fall within the scope of the non-Limiting and exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.
Claims
1.A test system for Passive Intermodulation (PIM) , comprising a PIM analyzer (10) and a test fixture (20) in communication with the PIM analyzer for fixedly holding a component (30) to be tested, wherein the test fixture (20) comprises an outer shell (21) and an inner core (22) arranged in the outer shell (21) , and the component (30) is arranged on an outer surface of the outer shell (21) or at the inner core (22) .2.The test system of claim 1, wherein the inner core (22) is coaxially arranged in the other shell (21) .3.The test system of claim 1, wherein the inner core (22) comprises two core portions (22a, 22b) , the two core portions being arranged in parallel and separated from each other with a distance, and signals being transmitted through coupling of the two core portions.4.The test system of claim 1, wherein the inner core (22) comprises two core portions (22a, 22b) , each core portion being arranged in the outer shell at one end thereof, and signals being transmitted through a waveguide structure which is formed by the outer shell (21) .5.The test system of claim 2, wherein the outer shell (21) comprises a first half-shell with a first flange (213a) and a second half-shell with a second flange (213b) , the first and second flanges being fixedly connected with each other.6.The test system of any one of claims 1-5, wherein a recess (211) is provided on the outer surface of the outer shell (21) , and a metal cover (212) is provided for holding the component (30) in the recess.7.The test system of claim 6, wherein an adjusting washer is provided between the metal cover (212) and the outer surface of the outer shell (21) for adjusting a compression ratio of the component (30) .8.The test system of claim 6 or 7, wherein the outer shell (21) is provided with positioning pins and the metal cover (212) is provided with notches (2121) intended to receive the positioning pins.9.The test system of claim 5, wherein the inner core (22) comprises a first half-core and a second half-core, the component (30) being disposed between the first half-core and the second half-core.10.The test system of claim 9, wherein an adjusting washer is provided between the first flange (213a) and the second flange (213b) for adjusting the compression ratio of the component (30) .11.The test system of claim 7 or 10, wherein the adjusting washer is a rigid metal washer.12.The test system of any one of claims 2, 5 and 9-11, wherein the inner core (22) is fixedly held within the outer shell (21) by retaining structures.13.The test system of claim 12, wherein each retaining structure comprises a first plastic retaining ring (23) fixedly retained on the outer shell (21) and a second plastic retaining ring (24) rigidly connected to the first plastic retaining ring (23) ; and the inner core (22) comprises two annular flanges (221) opposed to each other, each annular flange being fixedly clamped between the first and second plastic retaining rings (23, 24) .14.The test system of claim 13, wherein the second plastic retaining ring (24) is rigidly connected to the first plastic retaining ring (23) by a threaded connection.15.The test system of any one of claims 3-4 and 6-8, wherein the inner core (22) is fixedly held within the outer shell (21) by retaining structures.16.The test system of claim 15, wherein each retaining structure comprises a part fixed to the outer shell (21) , the part connecting a respective core portion and a corresponding Radio Frequency (RF) port.17.The test system of any one of claims 5 and 9-11, wherein each of the first and second half-shells comprises a first portion with a respective flange (213a, 213b) and a second portion fixedly connected to the first portion, one RF port (25) being provided at each second portion.18.The test system of claim 16 or 17, wherein in a forward PIM test mode, two RF ports are connected to the PIM analyzer (10) ; and in a reflected PIM test mode, one of the two RF ports is connected to the PIM analyzer (10) and the other of the two RF ports is connected a load severing as a termination.19.The test system of any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the component (30) is an Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) gasket.20.The test system of any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the outer shell (21) is coated with a metal material.21.A method for PIM testing with a test system of any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the method comprises the steps of:-determining a noise floor of the test system and ensuring that the noise floor is below a predetermined threshold;- mounting the component (30) to be tested to the test fixture (20) ; and- testing the component (30) with the PIM analyzer (10) and obtaining a PIM power value thereof.22.The method of claim 21, wherein the method further comprises: obtaining PIM power values of the component (30) for different transmit (Tx) powers in different frequency bands in a forward PIM test mode and / or a reflected PIM test mode.23.The method of claim 21 or 22, wherein the method further comprises: aging the component (30) and measuring the PIM power value of the aged component.24.The method of claim 23, wherein the method further comprises: measuring a difference between the PIM power value of the non-aged component and the PIM power value of the aged component.25.The method of any one of claims 21 to 24, wherein the method further comprises: prior to the step of testing the component (30) , performing an uncertainty measurement of the test system.
Citation Information
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