Method, apparatus and system for communication
By enabling network functions to publicize actions and capabilities, customers can manage network operations flexibly, addressing the rigidity of current communication systems and enhancing adaptability and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/087574
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-01-22
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-31
AI Technical Summary
Current communication systems face limitations due to rigid network operation definitions, which restrict flexibility and adaptability as network operation types become more diverse.
A method and system that allows network functions to publicize their actions and capabilities to customers, enabling customers to determine and load applications for flexible network operations, including updating or terminating applications based on scenarios and requirements.
Enables flexible and adaptable network operations by allowing customers to select and manage network actions and capabilities efficiently, reducing transmission consumption and enhancing procedural flexibility.
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Figure CN2024087574_31072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR COMMUNICATION
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] The present application is related to, and claims priority to, United States provisional patent application serial No. 63 / 623,655, entitled “TRANSFORMING NETWORK OPERATION PROCEDURES INTO AUTOMATIC NETWORK CAPABILITY PROGRAMMING” , and filed on January 22, 2024. The disclosure of the aforementioned application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of wireless technologies, and more specifically, to a method, apparatus and system for communication.BACKGROUND
[0004] In a current communication system, network functions perform a series of steps based on a definition. For example, multiple network operations are defined as a series of steps in a 3rd generation partnership project standard. User equipment and network functions need to follow the standard’s definition to perform the network operations.
[0005] As the requirements for network operation types become more diverse, the defined network operation restricts the development of the communication system. Therefore, how to provide a flexible network operation is an urgent technical problem that needs to be solved.SUMMARY
[0006] Embodiments of the present application provide a method, apparatus and system for communication, which can provide a flexible procedure.
[0007] According to a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, and the method may be performed by a customer or a chip of the customer. The method includes: receiving (810) a first message, where the first message indicates at least one action associated with a first service; determining (820) one or more first actions among the at least one action associated with the first service; and loading (830) an application associated with the one or more first actions, where the application is responsible for an interaction between the customer and a network function deployed in the first service.
[0008] According to the above technical solution, a network function deployed in the first service can public its associated actions to a customer. The customer can determine its required one or more first actions, and load an application that is responsible for an interaction between the customer and the network function. That is, the first action (s) can be transformed into application layer operation in order to support network operation, and a flexible network operation is provided.
[0009] With reference to the first aspect, in some embodiments, the receiving (810) the first message, includes: receiving multiple first messages from multiple network functions corresponding to multiple services, where the multiple services include the first service, and each of the multiple first messages indicates at least one action associated with a corresponding service; and before determining (820) the one or more first actions, and the method further includes: determining (840) the first service among the multiple services.
[0010] According to the above technical solution, the customer may obtain multiple actions from multiple network functions deployed in multiple services, and select at least one first service among the multiple services to support a network operation based on its demand, which makes the network operation more flexible.
[0011] With reference to the first aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes: updating or terminating the application.
[0012] According to the above technical solution, the customer could update or terminate the application, for example, based on application scenarios or requirements, which makes the network operation more flexible.
[0013] With reference to the first aspect, in some embodiments, any one of the at least one action is associated with at least one capability, the first message further indicates the at least one capability, and the method further includes: determining (850) one or more first capabilities among the at least one capability associated with the one or more first actions; and transmitting (860) a second message to a first network function, where the second message indicates the one or more first capabilities.
[0014] According to the above technical solution, the network function could further publicize its associated at least one capability. The customer could subscribe to its required first capability (s) , which makes the network operation more flexible.
[0015] With reference to the first aspect, in some embodiments, each of the at least one capability is indicated in a format, and the one or more first capabilities are indicated based on the format.
[0016] According to the above technical solution, the network function could public its capability (s) in a format. This enables the customer to maintain the capability of the service more efficiently.
[0017] With reference to the first aspect, in some embodiments, each of the at least one capability is indicated in the format of comprising one or more of: an index of a corresponding capability, and condition (s) of the corresponding capability being activated.
[0018] According to the above solution, an index could be used to refer to the corresponding capability in a subsequent interaction, and it can reduce the subsequent transmission consumption. The condition (s) could be used to activate the corresponding capability reliably.
[0019] According to a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, and the method may be performed by a network function or a chip of the network function. The method includes: transmitting (810) a first message to a customer, where the first message indicates at least one action associated with a first service, and the network function is deployed in the first service.
[0020] Various implementations of the second aspect are corresponding to the various implementations of the first aspect. For the beneficial technical effects of the various implementations of the second aspect, reference may be made to the descriptions of the relevant implementations of the second aspect, which will not be repeated here.
[0021] With reference to the second aspect, in some embodiments, any one of the at least one action is associated with at least one capability, the first message further indicates the at least one capability, and the method further includes: receiving (860) a second message from the customer, where the second message indicates one or more first capabilities among the at least one capability; and activating (870) the one or more first capabilities.
[0022] With reference to the second aspect, in some embodiments, each of the at least one capability is indicated in a format, and the one or more first capabilities are indicated based on the format.
[0023] With reference to the second aspect, in some embodiments, each of the at least one capability is indicated in the format of comprising one or more of: an index of a corresponding capability, and condition (s) of the corresponding capability being activated.
[0024] According to a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, and the method may be performed by a first network function or a chip of the first network function. The method includes: receiving (1110) a first indication message, where the first indication message indicates at least one action associated with a first service; determining (1120) one or more first actions involved in a procedure among the at least one action; and transmitting (1130) a second indication message, where the second indication message indicates the one or more first actions.
[0025] According to the above solution, the first network function could obtain at least one action associated with the first service, and determine the first action (s) involved in a procedure. That is, the first network function may transform a procedure into one or more first actions, and indicate the one or more actions to execute the procedure, which provides a flexible procedure programming.
[0026] With reference to the third aspect, in some embodiments, multiple first actions associated with multiple services comprising the first service are involved in the procedure.
[0027] According to the above solution, the procedure may involve one or more multiple first services. When first network function determines one or more first actions involved in a procedure, it may also determine the one or more first services involved in the procedure. The one or more first services could collaborate to execute the procedure.
[0028] With reference to the third aspect, in some embodiments, the multiple first actions are in an order.
[0029] According to the above solution, when the first network function determines multiple first actions involved in a procedure, it also determines the order of the multiple first actions, which makes the procedure execute reliably.
[0030] With reference to the third aspect, in some embodiments, the second indication message indicates one or more of:an identifier of the procedure, where the one or more first actions are associated with the identifier of the procedure; and identifier (s) of the one or more first actions.
[0031] According to the above solution, one or more first actions may be associated with the identifier of the procedure. For example, the association relationship between the identifier of the procedure and the first action (s) may be known to the second network functions. Thereby, the second indication message may only include the identifier of the procedure, and the transmission consumption can be reduced.
[0032] With reference to the third aspect, in some embodiments, the transmitting (1230) the second indication message, includes: transmitting (1330) the second indication message to a second network function, where the second network function is deployed in the first service.
[0033] With reference to the third aspect, in some embodiments, the transmitting (1330) the second indication message to the second network function, includes: transmitting multiple second indication messages to multiple second network functions deployed in multiple services, where each of the multiple second indication messages indicates one or more first actions associated with a corresponding service.
[0034] According to the above solution, the first network function could interact with each of the second network function (s) involved in the procedure.
[0035] With reference to the third aspect, in some embodiments, all the first actions indicated by the multiple second indication messages are involved in the procedure and are in an order, and at least one second indication message further indicates a service associated with next first action (s) it indicates.
[0036] According to the above solution, a second indication message may further indicate a service associated with next first action (s) it indicates, thereby the subsequent execution may be achieved by the interaction between second network functions. The transmission consumption between the first network function and the second network function could be reduced.
[0037] With reference to the third aspect, in some embodiments, the transmitting (1230) the second indication message, includes: transmitting (1830) the second indication message to a gateway, where the second indication message indicates the multiple first actions, and further indicates the multiple services and the order of the multiple first actions.
[0038] According to the above solution, the first network function may interact with a gateway, and the gateway may configure the second network function (s) involved in the procedure.
[0039] With reference to the third aspect, in some embodiments, the first indication message further indicates at least one capability associated with any one of the at least one action.
[0040] With reference to the third aspect, in some embodiments, the determining (1220) the one or more first actions involved in the procedure among the at least one action associated with the first service, includes: determining one or more first actions involved in the procedure among the at least one action, and one or more first capabilities involved in the procedure among the at least one capability, where the second indication message further indicates the one or more first capabilities.
[0041] According to the above technical solution, the second network function could further publicize its associated at least one capability. The first network function could determine its required first capability (s) , which makes the procedure programming more flexible.
[0042] With reference to the third aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes: receiving (1250 or 1850) a third indication message from a customer or a network function, where the third indication message requests the procedure.
[0043] With reference to the third aspect, in some embodiments, the second indication message further indicates the customer.
[0044] According to the above technical solution, the procedure may be requested by a customer, which means that a customer’s request may be programmed into a series of first actions.
[0045] With reference to the third aspect, in some embodiments, the determining the one or more first actions involved in the procedure among the at least one action, includes: using a model to determine the one or more first actions involved in the procedure among the at least one action.
[0046] According to the above technical solution, the first network function may use a model (e.g., an artificial model) to program a procedure, which makes the procedure programming more flexible and effective.
[0047] With reference to the third aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes: maintaining information that indicates the at least one action.
[0048] According to a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, and the method may be performed by a second network function or a chip of the second network function. The method includes: transmitting (1310) a first indication message to a first network function, where the first indication message indicates at least one action associated with a first service; receiving (1330) a second indication message from the first network function, where the second indication message indicates one or more first actions involved in a procedure among the at least one action; and performing (1340) the one or more first actions.
[0049] Various implementations of the fourth aspect are corresponding to the various implementations of the third aspect. For the beneficial technical effects of the various implementations of the fourth aspect, reference may be made to the descriptions of the relevant implementations of the third aspect, which will not be repeated here.
[0050] With reference to the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple first actions associated with multiple services comprising the first service are involved in the procedure.
[0051] With reference to the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the multiple first actions are in an order.
[0052] With reference to the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the second indication message indicates one or more of:an identifier of the procedure, where the one or more first actions are associated with the identifier of the procedure; and identifier (s) of the one or more first actions.
[0053] With reference to the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the second indication message further indicates a service associated with next first action (s) it indicates.
[0054] With reference to the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes: transmitting (1342) a fourth indication message to a next second network function deployed in a service associated with next first action (s) the second indication message indicates, where the fourth indicating message indicates the next second network function to perform the next first action (s) .
[0055] With reference to the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the first indication message further indicates at least one capability associated with any one of the at least one action.
[0056] With reference to the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the second indication message further indicates one or more first capabilities, the one or more first capabilities are involved in the procedure among the at least one capability.
[0057] With reference to the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the second indication message further indicates a customer that requests the procedure.
[0058] According to a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, and the method may be performed by a second network function or a chip of the second network function. The method includes: transmitting (1810) a first indication message to a first network function, where the first indication message indicates at least one action associated with a first service; receiving (1841 or 1844) a fifth indication message from a gateway, where the fifth indication message indicates one or more first actions involved in a procedure among the at least one action; and performing (1842 or 1845) the one or more first actions.
[0059] Various implementations of the fifth aspect are corresponding to the various implementations of the third aspect. For the beneficial technical effects of the various implementations of the fifth aspect, reference may be made to the descriptions of the relevant implementations of the third aspect, which will not be repeated here.
[0060] With reference to the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes: transmitting (1843 or 1846) a sixth indication message to the gateway, where the sixth indication information indicates that the one or more first actions are performed.
[0061] With reference to the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, multiple first actions associated with multiple services comprising the first service are involved in the procedure.
[0062] With reference to the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the multiple first actions are in an order.
[0063] With reference to the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the second indication message indicates one or more of:an identifier of the procedure, where the one or more first actions are associated with the identifier of the procedure; and identifier (s) of the one or more first actions.
[0064] With reference to the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the first indication message further indicates at least one capability associated with any one of the at least one action.
[0065] With reference to the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the fifth indication message further indicates one or more first capabilities, the one or more first capabilities are involved in the procedure among the at least one capability.
[0066] With reference to the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the fifth indication message further indicates a customer that requests the procedure.
[0067] According to a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, and the method may be performed by a gateway or a chip of the gateway. The method includes: receiving (1830) a second indication message, where the second indication message indicates multiple first actions involved in a procedure, multiple services associated with the multiple first actions, and an order of the multiple first actions; and transmitting (1841 or 1844) multiple fifth indication messages to multiple second network functions deployed in the multiple services based on the order, where each of the fifth indication message indicates corresponding first action (s) .
[0068] Various implementations of the sixth aspect are corresponding to the various implementations of the third aspect. For the beneficial technical effects of the various implementations of the sixth aspect, reference may be made to the descriptions of the relevant implementations of the third aspect, which will not be repeated here.
[0069] With reference to the sixth aspect, in some embodiments, each of the multiple services is associated with at least one action comprising first action (s) associated with a corresponding service.
[0070] With reference to the sixth aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes: receiving (1843 or 1846) multiple sixth indication messages from the multiple second network functions, where each of the multiple sixth indication messages indicates that corresponding first action (s) is performed.
[0071] According to a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method. The method includes: transmitting (810) , by a first network function, a first message to a customer, where the first message indicates at least one action associated with a first service; determining (820) , by the customer, one or more first actions among the at least one action associated with the first service; and loading (830) , by the customer, an application associated with the one or more first actions, where the application is responsible for an interaction between the customer and a network function corresponding to the first service.
[0072] Various implementations of the seventh aspect are corresponding to the various implementations of the first aspect. For the beneficial technical effects of the various implementations of the seventh aspect, reference may be made to the descriptions of the relevant implementations of the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.
[0073] With reference to the seventh aspect, in some embodiments, the transmitting (810) by a first network function a first message to a customer, includes: transmitting, by multiple network functions corresponding to multiple services, multiple first messages to the customer, where the multiple services include the first service, and each of the multiple first messages indicates at least one action associated with a corresponding service; and before determining (820) by the customer the one or more first actions, and the method further includes: determining (840) , by the customer, the first service among the multiple services.
[0074] With reference to the seventh aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes: updating or terminating, by the customer, the application.
[0075] With reference to the seventh aspect, in some embodiments, any one of the at least one action is associated with at least one capability, the first message further indicates the at least one capability, and the method further includes: determining (850) , by the customer, one or more first capabilities among the at least one capability associated with the one or more first actions; transmitting (860) , by the customer, a second message to the first network function, where the second message indicates the one or more first capabilities; and activating (870) , by the first network function, the one or more first capabilities.
[0076] According to an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method. The method includes: transmitting (1310) , by a second network function, a first indication message to a first network function, where the first indication message indicates at least one action associated with a first service; determining (1320) , by the first network function, one or more first actions involved in a procedure among the at least one action; transmitting (1330) , by the first network function, a second indication message to the second network function, where the second indication message indicates the one or more first actions; and performing (1340) , by the second network function, the one or more first actions.
[0077] Various implementations of the eighth aspect are corresponding to the various implementations of the third aspect. For the beneficial technical effects of the various implementations of the eighth aspect, reference may be made to the descriptions of the relevant implementations of the third aspect, which will not be repeated here.
[0078] According to a ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method. The method includes: transmitting (1810) , by a second network function, a first indication message to a first network function, where the first indication message indicates at least one action associated with a first service; determining (1820) , by the first network function, one or more first actions involved in a procedure among the at least one action; transmitting (1830) , by the first network function, a second indication message to a gateway, where the second indication message indicates the one or more first actions; transmitting (1841 or 1844) , by the gateway, a fifth indication message to the second network function, where the fifth indication message indicates one or more first actions involved in a procedure among the at least one action; and performing (1842 or 1845) , by the second network function, the one or more first actions.
[0079] Various implementations of the ninth aspect are corresponding to the various implementations of the third aspect. For the beneficial technical effects of the various implementations of the ninth aspect, reference may be made to the descriptions of the relevant implementations of the third aspect, which will not be repeated here.
[0080] According to a tenth aspect, a customer is provided. The customer includes a unit configured to perform the method according to the first aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the first aspect.
[0081] According to an eleventh aspect, a network function is provided. The network function includes a unit configured to perform the method according to the second aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the second aspect.
[0082] According to a twelfth aspect, a first network function is provided. The first network function includes a unit configured to perform the method according to the third aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the third aspect.
[0083] According to a thirteenth aspect, a second network function is provided. The second network function includes a unit configured to perform the method according to the fourth aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the fourth aspect.
[0084] According to a fourteenth aspect, a second network function is provided. The second network function includes a unit configured to perform the method according to the fifth aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the fifth aspect.
[0085] According to a fifteenth aspect, a gateway is provided. The gateway includes a unit configured to perform the method according to the sixth aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the sixth aspect.
[0086] According to a sixteenth aspect, a system is provided. The system includes: the customer according to the tenth aspect and the network function according to the eleventh aspect.
[0087] According to a seventeenth aspect, a system is provided. The system includes: the first network function according to the twelfth aspect and the second network function according to the thirteenth aspect.
[0088] According to an eighteenth aspect, a system is provided. The system includes: the first network function according to the twelfth aspect and the second network function according to the fourteenth aspect.
[0089] With reference to the eighteenth aspect, in some embodiments, the system further includes a gateway according to the fifteenth aspect.
[0090] According to a nineteenth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus includes at least one processor, and the at least one processor is coupled to at least one memory. The at least one memory is configured to store a computer program or one or more instructions. The at least one processor is configured to: invoke the computer program or the one or more instructions from the at least one memory and run the computer program or the one or more instructions, so that the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the first aspect or the possible implementations of the first aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the second aspect or the possible implementations of the second aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the third aspect or the possible implementations of the third aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the fourth aspect or the possible implementations of the fourth aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the fifth aspect or the possible implementations of the fifth aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the sixth aspect or the possible implementations of the sixth aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the sixth aspect or the possible implementations of the sixth aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the seventh aspect or the possible implementations of the seventh aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the eighth aspect or the possible implementations of the eighth aspect, or the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the ninth aspect or the possible implementations of the ninth aspect.
[0091] With reference to the nineteenth aspect, in some implementations of the nineteenth aspect, the communication apparatus may be a customer or a component (for example, a chip or an integrated circuit) installed in the customer. For example, the communication apparatus may be a network function or a component (for example, a chip or an integrated circuit) installed in the network function. For example, the communication apparatus may be a first network function or a component (for example, a chip or an integrated circuit) installed in the first network function. For example, the communication apparatus may be a second network function or a component (for example, a chip or an integrated circuit) installed in the second network function. For example, the communication apparatus may be a gateway or a component (for example, a chip or an integrated circuit) installed in the gateway.
[0092] According to a twentieth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus includes a processor and a communication interface. The processor is connected to the communication interface. The processor is configured to execute one or more instructions, and the communication interface is configured to communicate with other network elements under the control of the processor. The processor is enabled to perform the method according to the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect, the sixth aspect, the seventh aspect, the eighth aspect, the ninth aspect, or any one of the possible embodiments of the above aspects.
[0093] According to a twenty-first aspect, a computer storage medium is provided. The computer storage medium stores program code, and the program code is used to execute one or more instructions for the method according to the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect, the sixth aspect, the seventh aspect, the eighth aspect, the ninth aspect, or any one of the possible embodiments of the above aspects.
[0094] According to a twenty-second aspect, this application provides a computer program product including one or more instructions, where when the computer program product runs on a computer, the computer performs the method according to the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect, the sixth aspect, the seventh aspect, the eighth aspect, the ninth aspect, or any one of the possible embodiments of the above aspects.
[0095] According to a twenty-third aspect, this application provides a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions causing a processor in a device to implement the method according to the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect, the sixth aspect, the seventh aspect, the eighth aspect, the ninth aspect, or any one of the possible embodiments of the above aspects.
[0096] According to a twenty-fourth aspect, this application provides a device configured to perform the method according to the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect, the sixth aspect, the seventh aspect, the eighth aspect, the ninth aspect, or any one of the possible embodiments of the above aspects.
[0097] According to a twenty-fifth aspect, this application provides a processor, configured to execute instructions to cause a device to perform the method according to the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect, the sixth aspect, the seventh aspect, the eighth aspect, the ninth aspect, or any one of the possible embodiments of the above aspects.
[0098] According to a twenty-sixth aspect, this application provides an integrated circuit configure to perform the method according to the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect, the sixth aspect, the seventh aspect, the eighth aspect, the ninth aspect, or any one of the possible embodiments of the above aspects.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0099] One or more embodiments are exemplarily described by corresponding accompanying drawings, and these exemplary illustrations and accompanying drawings constitute no limitation on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the accompanying drawings are illustrated as similar elements, and the drawings are not limited to scale, in which:
[0100] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0101] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a communication system.
[0102] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of an electronic device (ED) and a base station.
[0103] FIG. 4 illustrates units or modules in a device.
[0104] FIG. 5 is an example of 6G system conceptual structure.
[0105] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of the system basic architecture structure (BAS) .
[0106] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a system for communication according to an embodiment of this application.
[0107] FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method 800 according to an embodiment of this application.
[0108] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of application layer operation between a wireless device and network functions according to an embodiment of this application.
[0109] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of application layer operation between a business device and network functions according to an embodiment of this application.
[0110] FIG. 11 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method 1100 according to an embodiment of this application.
[0111] FIG. 12 is a schematic flowchart of a first implementation of sending a second indication message according to an embodiment of this application.
[0112] FIG. 13 illustrates a first example of sending second indication messages according to the exemplary procedure.
[0113] FIG. 14 illustrates a first example of the second indication messages according to the exemplary procedure.
[0114] FIG. 15 is a schematic flowchart of an execution process according to the first implementation of sending a second indication message.
[0115] FIG. 16 illustrates a first example of execution process according to the exemplary procedure.
[0116] FIG. 17 is a schematic flowchart of a second implementation of sending a second indication message according to an embodiment of this application.
[0117] FIG. 18 illustrates a second example of sending second indication messages according to the exemplary procedure.
[0118] FIG. 19 is a schematic flowchart of an execution process according to the second implementation of sending a second indication message.
[0119] FIG. 20 illustrates a second example of execution process according to the exemplary procedure.
[0120] FIG. 21 illustrates a third example of execution process according to the exemplary procedure.
[0121] FIG. 22 illustrates a first schematic diagram of a model according to an embodiment of this application.
[0122] FIG. 23 illustrates a second schematic diagram of a model according to an embodiment of this application.
[0123] FIGs. 24-25 are schematic block diagrams of possible devices according to embodiments of this application.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0124] The following describes technical solutions of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0125] The technical solutions in embodiments of this application may be applied to various communications systems, such as a fifth generation (5G) wireless communications system, a new ratio (NR) wireless communications system, a sixth generation (6G) wireless communications system, or other evolving communications systems.
[0126] For ease of understanding the embodiments of this application, a communications system shown in FIGs. 1-3 is first used as an example to describe in detail a communications system to which the embodiments of this application are applicable.
[0127] Referring to FIG. 1, as an illustrative example without limitation, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system is provided. The communication system 100 comprises a radio access network 120. The radio access network 120 may be a next generation (e.g. sixth generation (6G) or later) radio access network, or a legacy (e.g. 5G) radio access network. One or more communication electric device (ED) 110a-110j (generically referred to as 110) may be interconnected to one another or connected to one or more network nodes (170a, 170b, generically referred to as 170) in the radio access network 120. A core network 130 may be a part of the communication system and may be dependent or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. Also, the communication system 100 comprises a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160.
[0128] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communication system 100. In general, the communication system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to communicate data and other content. The purpose of the communication system 100 may be to provide content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, via broadcast, multicast and unicast, etc. The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, between its constituent elements. The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system and / or a non-terrestrial communication system. The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications (such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc. ) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in what may be considered a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. Compared to conventional communication networks, the heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks.
[0129] The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered sub-systems of the communication system. In the example shown, the communication system 100 includes electronic devices (ED) 110a-110d (generically referred to as ED 110) , radio access networks (RANs) 120a-120b, non-terrestrial communication network 120c, a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160. The RANs 120a-120b include respective base stations (BSs) 170a-170b, which may be generically referred to as terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a-170b. The non-terrestrial communication network 120c includes an access node 120c, which may be generically referred to as a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0130] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any other T-TRP 170a-170b and NT-TRP 172, the internet 150, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the preceding. In some examples, ED 110a may communicate an uplink and / or downlink transmission over an interface 190a with T-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink air interfaces 190b. In some examples, ED 110d may communicate an uplink and / or downlink transmission over an interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0131] The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, such as any suitable radio access technology. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) in the air interfaces 190a and 190b. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may utilize other higher dimension signal spaces, which may involve a combination of orthogonal and / or non-orthogonal dimensions.
[0132] The air interface 190c can enable communication between the ED 110d and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs and one or multiple NT-TRPs for multicast transmission.
[0133] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the core network 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the core network 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by core network 130, and may or may not employ the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b or both. The core network 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b or EDs 110a 110b, and 110c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and to the internet 150. PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as Internet Protocol (IP) , Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) , User Datagram Protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0134] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of an ED 110 and a base station 170a, 170b and / or 170c. The ED 110 is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , machine-type communications (MTC) , internet of things (IOT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0135] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a machine type communication (MTC) device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, an industrial device, or apparatus (e.g. communication module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to using other terms. The base station 170a and 170b is a T-TRP and will hereafter be referred to as T-TRP 170. Also shown in FIG. 3, a NT-TRP will hereafter be referred to as NT-TRP 172. Each ED 110 connected to T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0136] The ED 110 includes a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, e.g. as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals.
[0137] The ED 110 includes at least one memory 208. The memory 208 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the ED 110. For example, the memory 208 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processing unit (s) 210. Each memory 208 includes any suitable volatile and / or non-volatile storage and retrieval device (s) . Any suitable type of memory may be used, such as random access memory (RAM) , read only memory (ROM) , hard disk, optical disc, subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital (SD) memory card, on-processor cache, and the like.
[0138] The ED 110 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces (such as a wired interface to the internet 150 in FIG. 1) . The input / output devices permit interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, such as a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, or touch screen, including network interface communications.
[0139] The ED 110 further includes a processor 210 for performing operations including those related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission to the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, those related to processing downlink transmissions received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, and those related to processing sidelink transmission to and from another ED 110. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing downlink transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Depending upon the embodiment, a downlink transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the downlink transmission (e.g. by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 276 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, e.g. beam angle information (BAI) , received from T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations relating to detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, e.g. using a reference signal received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170.
[0140] Although not illustrated, the processor 210 may form part of the transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203. Although not illustrated, the memory 208 may form part of the processor 210.
[0141] The processor 210, and the processing components of the transmitter 201 and receiver 203 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g. in memory 208) . Alternatively, some or all of the processor 210, and the processing components of the transmitter 201 and receiver 203 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , a graphical processing unit (GPU) , or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) .
[0142] The T-TRP 170 may be known by other names in some embodiments, such as a base station, a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) ) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , or a wireless router, a relay station, a remote radio head, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, or a terrestrial base station, base band unit (BBU) , remote radio unit (RRU) , radio unit (RU) , active antenna unit (AAU) , remote radio head (RRH) , central unit (CU) , distribute unit (DU) , positioning node, among other possibilities. The T-TRP 170 may be macro BSs, pico BSs, relay node, donor node, or the like, or combinations thereof. The T-TRP 170 may refer to the forging devices or apparatus (e.g. communication module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices.
[0143] The CU (or CU-control plane (CP) and CU-user plane (UP) ) , DU or RU may be known by other names in some embodiments. For example, in open RAN (ORAN) system, the CU may also be referred to as open CU (O-CU) , DU may also be referred to as open DU (O-DU) , CU-CP may also be referred to open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) , CU-UP may also be referred to as open CU-UP (O-CU-CP) , and RU may also be referred to open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP) , DU, or RU could be implemented through a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of software and hardware modules.
[0144] In some embodiments, the parts of the T-TRP 170 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the T-TRP 170 may be located remote from the equipment housing the antennas of the T-TRP 170, and may be coupled to the equipment housing the antennas over a communication link (not shown) sometimes known as front haul, such as common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some embodiments, the term T-TRP 170 may also refer to modules on the network side that perform processing operations, such as determining the location of the ED 110, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that are not necessarily part of the equipment housing the antennas of the T-TRP 170. The modules may also be coupled to other T-TRPs. In some embodiments, the T-TRP 170 may actually be a plurality of T-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0145] The T-TRP 170 includes at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. The T-TRP 170 further includes a processor 260 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to NT-TRP 172, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the NT-TRP 172. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, and demodulating and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 also generates the indication of beam direction, e.g. BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by scheduler 253. The processor 260 performs other network-side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of the ED 110, determining where to deploy NT-TRP 172, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110 and / or one or more parameters of the NT-TRP 172. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. Note that “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling. Dynamic signaling may be transmitted in a control channel, e.g. a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , and static or semi-static higher layer signaling may be included in a packet transmitted in a data channel, e.g. in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) .
[0146] A scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within or operated separately from the T-TRP 170, which may schedule uplink, downlink, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free ( “configured grant” ) resources. The T-TRP 170 further includes a memory 258 for storing information and data. The memory 258 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the T-TRP 170. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processor 260.
[0147] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may form part of the transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254. Also, although not illustrated, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not illustrated, the memory 258 may form part of the processor 260.
[0148] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, and the processing components of the transmitter 252 and receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in memory 258. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 260, the scheduler 253, and the processing components of the transmitter 252 and receiver 254 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC.
[0149] Although the NT-TRP 172 is illustrated as a drone only as an example, the NT-TRP 172 may be implemented in any suitable non-terrestrial form. Also, the NT-TRP 172 may be known by other names in some embodiments, such as a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, or a non-terrestrial base station. The NT-TRP 172 includes a transmitter 272 and a receiver 274 coupled to one or more antennas 280. Only one antenna 280 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 272 and the receiver 274 may be integrated as a transceiver. The NT-TRP 172 further includes a processor 276 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to T-TRP 170, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the T-TRP 170. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, and demodulating and decoding received symbols. In some embodiments, the processor 276 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (e.g. BAI) received from T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 276 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 implements physical layer processing, but does not implement higher layer functions such as functions at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer. As this is only an example, more generally, the NT-TRP 172 may implement higher layer functions in addition to physical layer processing.
[0150] The NT-TRP 172 further includes a memory 278 for storing information and data. Although not illustrated, the processor 276 may form part of the transmitter 272 and / or receiver 274. Although not illustrated, the memory 278 may form part of the processor 276.
[0151] The processor 276 and the processing components of the transmitter 272 and receiver 274 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in memory 278. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 276 and the processing components of the transmitter 272 and receiver 274 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 may actually be a plurality of NT-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0152] The T-TRP 170, the NT-TRP 172, and / or the ED 110 may include other components, but these have been omitted for the sake of clarity.
[0153] For ease of understanding the embodiments of this application, the following briefly describes a process of transmitting reference signals and measuring channels based on the reference signals.
[0154] One or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules, according to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 illustrates units or modules in a device, such as in ED 110, in T-TRP 170, or in NT-TRP 172. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps may be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) module. The respective units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices that execute software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be an integrated circuit, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. It will be appreciated that where the modules are implemented using software for execution by a processor for example, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0155] Additional details regarding the EDs 110, T-TRP 170, and NT-TRP 172 are known to those of skill in the art. As such, these details are omitted here.
[0156] A proposed 6G System architecture in this application is defined to support 6G XaaS services by using techniques such as network function virtualization and network slicing. The 6G System architecture utilizes service-based interactions between 6G services.
[0157] The 6G System leverages service-based architecture and XaaS concept. XaaS services in the 6G System are categorized into three layers. The 6G System conceptual structure is shown in FIG. 5.
[0158] A service in embodiments of this application can be referred to as a web service operating in a network. In some embodiments, a service may be a basic processing service, for example, an artificial intelligence service, a data processing service, a data storage service. In some embodiments, a service may be a control or management service, for example, a resource management service, a mission management service, a connectivity management service. In some embodiments, a service may be a wireless network service, for example, a RAN infrastructure service, a core network infrastructure service, a satellite infrastructure service. This is not limited in this application.
[0159] A service may be provided by a network function, a network entity, or the like. For ease of description, embodiments of this application are described in a network function, and this does not exclude other implementations. A form of the network function is not limited in this application. For example, one or more network functions may be composed into network slices on demand, or may be an independent device, or may be integrated into a single device to support different services, or may be network component (s) in hardware device (s) , or may be software function (s) running on dedicated hardware, or may be virtualization function (s) that are instantiated on a platform (e.g. a cloud platform) , etc.
[0160] A service may be also referred to as a X as a service (XaaS) , a network capability (NC) or other possible names. This is not limited in this application. For example, a service may be referred to as a 6G XaaS service in a 6G system.
[0161] Referring to FIG. 5, the 6G system leverages a service-based architecture and a XaaS concept. XaaS services in the 6G system may be categorized into three layers. The three layers may be an infrastructure layer, a control or management (C / M) layer and a service layer. Service (s) in the infrastructure layer may provide wireless network service (s) . Service (s) in the C / M layer may provide control or management service (s) . Service (s) in the service layer may provide basic processing service (s) . For ease of understanding of embodiments of this application, the examples of the services in the three layers are given below.
[0162] The infrastructure layer includes infrastructures supporting 6G services. For example, the infrastructure layer may include one or more of: a wireless networks (e.g. RAN, CN) infrastructure, a data center infrastructure, a cloud center infrastructure, a satellite infrastructure (e.g. satellite networks) , a database infrastructure, a storage infrastructure and other possible infrastructures. The above infrastructures (as services) are only for illustrative purpose, and this not limited in this application. Although not illustrated, the infrastructure layer may include sensing networks etc. These infrastructures can be provided by a single provider (e.g. a single device) or by multiple providers (e.g. multiple devices) .
[0163] In some embodiments, each of the infrastructures could have its control and management functions, denoted as C / M functions, for infrastructure management. Each of these infrastructures is one type of infrastructure (i.e. as a service) .
[0164] The C / M layer includes control and management services of the 6G System. They may be developed and deployed by using slicing techniques and they could utilize resources provided by the infrastructure layer. The C / M layer may include one or more of:
[0165] Resource management (RM) as a service providing a capability of life-cycle management of a variety of slices and over-the-air resource assignment to wireless devices, the RM is a specific XaaS service, or we can regard the RM as a specific NC;
[0166] Mission management (MM) as a service providing a capability to program the provisioning of XaaS services at the service layer to provide mission services. A mission may be referred to as a set of services (e.g. 6G XaaS services) provided to customer (s) by the System. A mission can be a type of service which is provided by a single 6G XaaS service or a type of service that needs contributions from multiple XaaS services, the MM is a XaaS service, or we can regard the MM as a specific NC, the name of this XaaS service / NC can also be automatic network capability programming (A-CAP) ;
[0167] Service provisioning management (SPM) as a service providing a capability of control and management of 6G service access by customers and provisioning of requested services. The capability is provided by unified mutual authentication, authorization and policy, key management, QoS assurance, and charging between any pair of XaaS service providers and customers. The customers include not only end-customers in the physical world, but also digital representatives in the digital world, the SPM is a specific XaaS service, or we can regard the SPM as a specific NC;
[0168] Connectivity management (CM) as a service leveraging 5G connectivity management functions, but with extension to include the digital world, the CM is a specific XaaS service, or we can regard the CM as a specific NC;
[0169] A confederation network (CONET) as a service providing a capability to enable multiple partners to jointly provide 6G services. This capability is provided by confederation formation, mutual authentication, mutual authorization among partners, and negotiation of an agreement on recording and retracing of selected actions performed by partners, in order to ensure a trustworthy environment of 6G system operations, the CONET is a specific XaaS service, or we can regard the CONET as a specific NC;
[0170] A protocol as a service providing a capability to design service customized protocol stacks for identified interfaces. The protocol stacks could be pre-defined for on-demand selection or could be on-demand designed; and
[0171] Network security management as a service providing a capability for owners of infrastructures to detect potential security risks of their infrastructures.
[0172] It is noted that XaaS services in the C / M layer support control and management of the 6G system itself and also provide support to verticals if requested. One example is that the RM service can serve a RAN for over-the-air resource management and can also provide a service to a vertical for the vertical’s over-the-air resource allocation to its end customers. The XaaS services in the C / M layer may be deployed by using the slicing technique.
[0173] The service layer includes 6G services which provide services to customers. For example, the service layer may include one or more of:
[0174] An AI service denoted as NET4AI as a Service. The AI service provides AI capability to support a variety of AI applications, the NET4AI is a specific XaaS service, or we can regard the NET4AI as a specific NC;
[0175] A service of storage and sharing of data denoted as NET4Data as a service. This service provides a capability to trustworthily storage and share data under the control of owners of data and following recognized authorities’ regulations on control of identified data, the NET4Data is a specific XaaS service, or we can regard the NET4Data as a specific NC;
[0176] A service of data collection, data sanitization, data analysis and data delivery denoted as DAM as a service. This service provides a capability of lifecycle management of statistical data, including acquisition, de-privatization, analysis and delivery of data which are information statistic data from any types of sensors, devices, network functions, and etc;
[0177] A 6G block chain service denoted as NET4BC as a service, the NET4BC is a specific XaaS service, or we can regard the NET4BC as a specific NC.
[0178] A service to provide a digital world denoted as NET4DW as a service. The Digital World service provides a capability to construct, control and manage the digital world. The digital world is defined as the digital realization of the physical world, the NET4DW is a specific XaaS service, or we can regard the NET4DW as a specific NC;
[0179] A 6G connectivity service denoted as NET4Con as a Service. This service provides the capability to support 6G block chain services; and
[0180] An enhanced connectivity service, e.g., a network for connectivity (NET4CON) as a service. This service provides a capability to support the exchange of messages and data among new 6G services, the NET4CON is a specific XaaS service, or we can regard the NET4CON as a specific NC.
[0181] It is noted that all XaaS services at this service layer may be developed and deployed by using resources provided in infrastructures and utilizing network function virtualization and slicing techniques. The capability of each of the 6G services is provided by its control and management functions and service specific data process functions.
[0182] In addition to supporting 6G XaaS services at the service layer, the 6G system could leverage the 5G system for provisioning of vertical services. The difference between 6G XaaS services and other verticals is that a vertical is a pure customer which needs other XaaS services to enable its operation, while each of XaaS services provides their capabilities to 6G customers.
[0183] Any pair of XaaS services of the 6G System could also be mutual customers and providers of each other. Some of examples are that an infrastructure owner provides its resources to XaaS services in the service layer and C / M layer. RM service (s) may need the capabilities provided by NET4AI, DAM and NET4DW for its resource management for vertical slicing. The CONET service and NET4Data service may need the capability provided by NET4BC for their operations. This is not limited in this application.
[0184] In embodiments of this application, the key concepts of the system (e.g. 6G system) include one or more of:
[0185] The 6G system could decouple comprehensive types of services into basic XaaS services. A basic XaaS service provides a unique capability to enable a specific type of service, such as the NET4AI service, NET4DW service, DAM service, NET4Data service, block chain service, mission management service, etc.
[0186] The 6G system could allow joint operation by multiple partners.
[0187] A data plane of the 6G system could include processing function (s) of XaaS services. The MM service could program the interconnection of these functions, and enable to support a variety of customized customer services.
[0188] The 6G System architecture could be simplified by categorizing basic control services and management services and combining them as basic XaaS services in the C / M Layer.
[0189] The C / M plane of the 6G system could include C / M functions in XaaS services and may include 5G CP (e.g., AMF) depending on implementation options.
[0190] A basic architecture structure (BAS) could be a unified basic structure with a minimized number of interfaces and is independent of types of infrastructures.
[0191] The standardization, development and deployment of the 6G system could be simplified by using the BAS concept, while supporting a variety of infrastructure deployment scenarios.
[0192] The system could adapt to a variety of deployment scenarios by applying the BAS or a subset of it to infrastructures based on capabilities, capacities and requirements of the infrastructure networks.
[0193] The system could leverage the SBI interface concept and apply SBI interaction in both the 6G C / M plane and the 6G data plane.
[0194] SBI interfaces could be simplified by introducing trustworthy GWs in the data plane and C / M plane of the 6G system.
[0195] Trustworthiness from perspectives of operation of the 6G system could be improved by introducing CONET capability, NET4BC capability and anonymous service provisioning provided by the trustworthy GWs in the C / M plane and data plane of the 6G System.
[0196] Trustworthiness from perspective of end customer privacy protection could be improved by unified mutual authentication, IDM, data sanitization and etc. provided by the SPM service, DAM service and 6G block chain service.
[0197] Roaming management of wireless devices could be improved, in the physical world and the digital world, by unified authentication including all participating partners and customers.
[0198] The 6G system could support multiple development paths from the 5G system to the 6G system by defining multiple architecture options without incurring much effort due to the introduction of the BAS concept.
[0199] The 6G system could support backward compatibility by utilizing the benefits of SBA and its add-on feature. 5G users can use the 6G system to access 5G services.
[0200] The 6G system could support future extension by adding new XaaS services with minimized impact on standardization and deployment, due to the introduced anonymous service provisioning concept implemented in trustworthy GWs in the 6G C / M plane and in the 6G data plane.
[0201] The proposed 6G system architecture could support 6G XaaS services by using techniques such as network function virtualization and network slicing. The 6G system architecture utilizes service-based interactions between 6G services.
[0202] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of the system basic architecture structure (BAS) . As shown in FIG. 6, the system includes one or more over-the-top (OTT) defined functions, one or more XaaS services at service / app layer (e.g., NET4AI, NET4DATA, etc. ) , one or more XaaS services at C / M layer (e.g., RM, CP, etc. ) , and one or more XaaS services at infrastructure layer (e.g., RAN, CN, etc. ) . For an OTT-defined function or a XssS service at service / app layer, they include a data plane and a C / M plane respectively. For a XaaS service at C / M layer or a XaaS service at infrastructure layer, they include a control plane respectively.
[0203] A data plane could be referred to as a collection of data process functions. An OTT-defined function or an XaaS service could communicate with a data plane trust worthy gateway (data-TW-GW) through a data plane. The Data-TW-GW provides the abilities to connect data plane functions of XaaS services to enable to anonymous and secured data plane interaction among XaaS services, the Data-TW-GW provides following functionalities: stablishing and maintaining secured tunnel with each of XaaS services, performing decryption and encryption operation when transferring data packets, data format translation, transferring the data packets. A C / M plane could be referred to as a collection of C / M functions. An OTT-defined function or an XaaS service could communicate with a C / M trustworthy gateway (C / M-TW-GW) through a C / M plane. The C / M-TW-GW provides the abilities of control plane connectivity, anonymous communication, and secure communication, to enable these abilities, the C / M-TW-GW provides following functionalities: stablishing and maintaining secured tunnel with each of XaaS services, performing decryption and encryption operation when transferring C / M plane message, maintaining an authorization profile for each of XaaS services, transferring the C / M plane message.
[0204] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a system for communication according to an embodiment of this application. The system includes at least one customer and multiple services (e.g., XaaS services) .
[0205] In embodiments of this application, a customer can request services (e.g., XaaS services) from the network. The customer can be of various types, including a device (e.g., ED) , apparatus, a chip, an equipment etc. For example, the customer may be an individual customer, a business customer, etc. One or more clients may be deployed in the customer, and each of the clients may be associated with a service. In some embodiments, a client may also be referred to as an application (APP) . A consumer may also be referred to as a customer. This is not limited to this application.
[0206] In embodiments of this application, the multiple services can be referred to as a service pool. The multiple services may include two types of services, the first type of service is illustrated as a server in FIG. 7. A server is a service that could interact with a customer. For example, a client and a server could be deployed in pairs, where a pair of client and server could be associated with a service. The second type of service is illustrated as an NC in FIG. 7. The NC is a service that may interact with other NCs and not interact with the customer. Among these NCs, there’s an A-CAP, the A-CAP may enable the provisioning of mission services which are based on collaboration and interaction among multiple NCs.
[0207] Notably, the above nomenclature is defined only for the purpose of distinguishing between different services or functions and shall not constitute any limitation to this application. For example, the A-CAP service may also be named a mission management (MM) service. A client and an application may share a similar meaning, and a customer and a consumer may share a similar meaning. This is not limited to this application.
[0208] From FIG. 7, in embodiments of this application, a system (e.g., 6G System) can be transformed into a services pool (e.g., XaaS services Pool) and an application pool. One or more services can be transformed into one or more servers. For example, 6G system control functions or 6G system control plane XaaS services may be transformed into control plane servers. One or more devices corresponding to a customer may be transformed into one or more clients (or applications) . For example, supported network operation functions of the device may be transformed into control plane clients (or applications) .
[0209] In order to provide a flexible network operation, this application provides a communication method 800 in which a network operation can be transformed into an interaction between a customer and a network function.
[0210] FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method 800 according to an embodiment of this application.
[0211] At step 810, network function (s) transmit a first message (s) to a customer. Correspondingly, the customer receives the first message (s) from the network function (s) .
[0212] One first message from a network function indicates at least one action associated with a first service. The first service can be any one XaaS service mentioned earlier or NC mentioned earlier. The network function is deployed in the first service. The customer can determine its required one or more first actions, and load an application that is responsible for an interaction between the customer and the network function. That is, the first service can be transformed into an application layer operation in order to support network operation, and a flexible network operation is provided.
[0213] As aforementioned, the network function (s) could interact with a customer, that is, the network function (s) may be referred to as the server (s) described in FIG. 7. For example, the network function (s) may include one or more of: a CM server, a NET4CON server, an SPM server, a RAN server, etc. Details are omitted here.
[0214] In some embodiments, when the customer receives multiple first messages from multiple network functions, it may receive a corresponding first message from each of the network functions respectively. For example, a CM server may transmit a first message#1 to the customer, where the first message#1 indicates at least one action#1 associated with the CM. A NET4CON server may transmit a first message#2 to the customer, where the first message#2 indicates at least one action#2 associated with the NET4CON, and so forth. Thereby, the customer may obtain multiple associated actions from multiple services. These network functions can be deployed across the 6G system, e.g., RAN, core network, external network, etc.
[0215] In some embodiments, each of the network functions may broadcast its first message, and multiple customers in the coverage area can obtain the first message.
[0216] The at least one action associated with a first service could be performed by a network function deployed in the first service. Therefore, the at least one action is related to the type of the first service. For ease of understanding of embodiments of this application, some services (e.g., A-CAP, CM, NET4CON, SPM and RAN) are taken as examples to illustrate their associated actions.
[0217] In a first example, actions associated with A-CAP may include:
[0218] Action 1: obtain subscription info from XaaS service providers that accept input from A-CAP;
[0219] Action 2: provide a mission graph or specification; and
[0220] Action 3: configure other NCs.
[0221] In a second example, actions associated with CM may include:
[0222] Action 1: track and maintain status (e.g., location, MAC state, battery, new RB set up, etc. ) of subscribed entity (e.g., involve devices) ;
[0223] Action 2: obtain and maintain connection related information (e.g., assigned RB end-point, serving C / M GW, Data GW, etc. ) ;
[0224] Action 3: provide status information (e.g., location, MAC state, Battery, etc) of the entity to the authorized requester on-demand;
[0225] Action 4: trigger paging;
[0226] Action 5: trigger new session setup (e.g., session HO, etc. ) ;
[0227] Action 6: provide RB and / or session mapping;
[0228] Action 7: trigger RB and / or session security; and
[0229] Action 8: obtain A-CAP configuration.
[0230] In a third example, actions associated with NET4CON may include:
[0231] Action 1: setup C / M session and / or data session (e.g., serving C / M-TW-GW, serving Data-TW-GW, etc. involve devices) ;
[0232] Action 2: provide session information;
[0233] Action 3: provide RB and / or session mapping;
[0234] Action 4: trigger RB and / or session security; and
[0235] Action 5: obtain A-CAP configuration.
[0236] In a fourth example, actions associated with SPM may include:
[0237] Action 1: obtain connection info of a device, RB (s) , Session (s) that needs to be security protected;
[0238] Action 2: provide RB keying materials and method to RB handler and or serving GWs (optional, depending on SPM architecture) ;
[0239] Action 3: authenticate 6G system customer (e.g., involve devices) ;
[0240] Action 4: authorize 6G system services (e.g., involve devices) ;
[0241] Action 5: provide IDs of 6G customers (e.g., involve devices) ; and
[0242] Action 6: obtain A-CAP configuration.
[0243] In a fifth example, actions associated with RAN may include:
[0244] Action 1: RB control and / or management (e.g., involve devices) ;
[0245] Action 2: provide information on RB setup or release;
[0246] Action 3: secure RBs on demand (e.g., involve devices) ;
[0247] Action 4: obtain and maintain a mapping relation between RB and the session of a wireless device) ; and
[0248] Action 5: obtain A-Cap configuration.
[0249] Notably, the actions associated with CM, NET4CON, SPM, and RAN above are for illustrative purposes. Although not illustrated, actions associated with other services can be presented in a similar manner.
[0250] In some embodiments, an action may be associated with at least one capability. The at least one capability may be indicated by the first message. For example, when a network function publishes its associated actions, it may further publish at least one capability associated with each action. Thereby, when the action is selected, the customer may further select one or more first capabilities based on its demand.
[0251] The at least one capability associated with an action may belong to one or more capability dimensions (or capability items) , where the capability dimensions can define how to perform the action in a variety of dimensions. Then a customer could determine the first capabilities based on the capability dimensions.
[0252] For ease of understanding of embodiments of this application, at least one capability associated with the Action 1 associated with CM is illustrated in Table 1.
[0253] Table 1:
[0254] The first row (from the second column) in Table 1 presents multiple capability dimensions. There are multiple capability entries under each capability dimension. For example, for the covered geographic area dimension, two capabilities are defined as “network name 1” (which may indicate an area) and “network name 2” (which may indicate another area) . The “NA” entry may provide an option for a customer not to select one or more capabilities under this capability dimension. Details about other capability dimensions can be deduced and omitted here.
[0255] Capability dimensions are related to a type of the action, where capability dimensions associated with two actions may be different or the same. This is not limited in this application. For ease of understanding of embodiments of this application, at least one capability associated with Action 1 associated with NET4CON is illustrated as Table 2, and at least one capability associated with Action 2 associated with NET4CON is illustrated as Table 3.
[0256] Table 2:
[0257] Table 3:
[0258] The Tables 1-3 may be referred to as an example of network capability description (language) (NCD (L) ) . It is a collection of information on network capability description. A network function may be responsible for defining its NC application layer operation (e.g., associated actions and capabilities) . In some embodiments, a network function (e.g., a server) and a custom or other network function (s) may use NCD (L) for NC publication and subscription.
[0259] In some embodiments, each of the at least one capability can be indicated in a format. This enables the customer to maintain the capabilities of the services more efficiently.
[0260] For example, each of the at least one capability is indicated in the format of including one or more of: an index of a corresponding capability, and condition (s) of the corresponding capability being activated.
[0261] In some embodiments, the first message may include identifiers (or indexes) of the actions. The indexes may be assigned by the network function and can be used to identify the capability (s) . Thereby, the customer and the network function could use the index (es) to refer to the capability (s) in subsequent interactions. In some embodiments, the first message indicates condition (s) of the corresponding capability being activated. Thereby, the customer could maintain this condition (s) , and subscribe to the first capability (s) based on its condition (s) , which enables a reliable subscription.
[0262] Notably, the above Tables 1-3 are only for illustrative purposes, this application does not exclude other manners to indicate the capabilities. For example, the first message may include a description of associated actions, where the customer could know what actions the corresponding network function can perform.
[0263] At step 820, the customer determines one or more first actions among the at least one action.
[0264] The customer may select the first actions based on its demand. For example, for actions associated with RAN (the RAN infrastructure is as a service or the RAN can be regarded as a NC) , if the customer requires resources for transmissions, the customer could determine that the first actions includes the Action 1 (i.e., RB control and / or management) and Action 3 (i.e., secure RBs on demand) of the RAN. This is not limited to this application.
[0265] At step 830, the customer loads an application associated with the one or more first actions.
[0266] The application can be responsible for an interaction between the customer and the network function deployed in the first service. For example, the application and the network function (e.g., a server) may interact data involved in the determined first actions. The interaction between network function (s) (e.g., a server) and the customer (e.g., a wireless device, a NC client, etc. ) can be defined as an application layer interaction.
[0267] Notably, without special noting, “load an application” and “upload an application” are used exchangeable. For example, the customer can download relevant program files and create an execution environment for the application. This is not limited in this application.
[0268] In some embodiments, the application may maintain information that related to the first service. For example, it can maintain an address of the first service, actions associated with the first service and so forth.
[0269] In some embodiments, before loading the application, the customer and the server may perform an authorization procedure through application layer operations. For example, an NC, if interacting with a customer (e.g., a wireless device, a customer defined function, a client, etc. ) , can be a serving NC (i.e., a server) of a network function (e.g., 3rd party function) after the network function gets authorization. In some embodiments, on demand a customer could download authorized application (or client) . The customer could subscribe NCs (e.g., CM NC, NET4CON NC, etc. ) and download corresponding app after authorization.
[0270] These NCs (i.e., services) , if interact with devices or customer defined functions, can be a serving NC of a device or 3rd party function after the device or 3rd party gets authorization. These NCs can receive configurations for interacting with other NCs in order to support a variety of operation procedure services.
[0271] In some embodiments, before determining the at least one action associated with the first service, the customer may determine the first service among one or more services. That is, the customer may further perform the step 840.
[0272] Optionally, at step 840, the customer determines the first service among one or more services.
[0273] As aforementioned in step 810, the customer may receive multiple first messages from multiple network functions deployed in multiple services. In this case, the customer could select at least one first service among the multiple services based on its demand. For example, the customer receives first messages from the CM server, NET4CON server, SPM server, and RAN server respectively, and the customer determines the NET4CON and SPM as the first services.
[0274] In some embodiments, after determining the at least one first action associated with the first service, when at least one capability is associated with the first action, the customer may further determine one or more first capabilities among the at least one capability. That is, after step 820, the customer may further perform the step 850.
[0275] Optionally, at step 850, the customer determines one or more first capabilities among at least one capability associated with the at least one first action.
[0276] The customer can select the one or more first capabilities based on its demand. As aforementioned, a network function can public its associated capability (s) , for example, the Tables 1-3. Thereby the customer could select a capability entry under each capability dimension. For example, when a customer subscribes to a network operation that involves the action 1 associated with CM (its associated capabilities are referred to in Table 1) , the customer may determine “network name 2” as the covered geographic area, “wireless devices” as the equipment types, “location” as the reachability info type, “time” as the reachability info update trigger type, “as request” as the reachability info update interval, “NA” as the location prediction accuracy, and “Format 2” as the input data format. Thereby, the network function deployed in the CM could perform the Action 1 based on the above capabilities.
[0277] In some embodiments, after loading the application, the customer may indicate the corresponding network function and the determined first actions to the network function deployed in the first service. That is, the customer may further perform step 860 and step 870.
[0278] Optionally, at step 860, the customer transmits a second message to a network function deployed in the first service. Correspondingly, the network function deployed in the first service receives the second message from the customer.
[0279] The second message may indicate the first actions. For example, the second message may indicate the identifier (s) of the at least one first action. Thereby, the network function could perform the at least one action based on the second message.
[0280] Notably, when the customer selects more than one first service, the customer may transmit more than one second message to more than one network function that is deployed in the more than one first service. For example, the customer receives first messages from CM server, NET4CON server, SPM server, and RAN server respectively, and the customer determines the NET4CON and SPM as the first services. Moreover, the customer determines the first action (s) for each of the NET4CON and SPM. For example, for NET4CON, the customer determines Action 1 as a first action. For SPM, the customer determines Actions 3, 4 and 5 as first actions. Then the customer could transmit a second message#1 to a network function deployed in the NET4CON, where the second message#1 indicates the Action 1 associated with the NET4CON. The customer could transmit a second message#2 to a network function deployed in the SPM, where the second message#1 indicates the Actions 3, 4 and 5 associated with the SPM.
[0281] In some embodiments, when the customer further determines one or more first capabilities, the second message can further indicate the one or more first capabilities. For example, the second message may include a series of indexes of the selected first capabilities. In other words, the customer subscription to an action (e.g., the CM action capability) can be uniquely expressed as a series of indexes.
[0282] Optionally, at step 870, the network function deployed in the first service performs the one or more first actions.
[0283] Network function (s) who receive a second message, may perform the first action (s) based on the second message. The one or more first actions can be referred to as application layer operation. In some embodiments, when the second message further indicates one or more first capabilities associated with the first action (s) , it can activate the indicated first capabilities to perform the first action (s) based on the second message.
[0284] In some embodiments, the customer and / or the network function can further determine various processes for the application. For example, the customer and / or network function can update, terminate, optimize, suspend or hang up the application. The above processes can be determined based on application scenarios or requirements. For example, the customer may determine to terminate the application when it has no requirements for this application. For another example, the network function may determine to update the application as its capabilities change. This is not limited in this application.
[0285] In embodiments of this application, signaling message transmissions between a customer (e.g., wireless device or business device) and network function (s) (e.g., CM NC, etc. ) can be transformed into application layer operation. Correspondingly, the services can be transformed to clients (e.g., as an app set) at a customer, and servers at network functions.
[0286] From the above technical solution, a network function deployed in the first service can public its associated actions to a customer. The customer can determine its required one or more first actions, and load an application which is responsible for an interaction between the customer and network function. That is, the first action (s) can be transformed into application layer operation in order to support network operation, and a flexible network operation is provided.
[0287] For ease of understanding embodiments of this application, two examples of application layer operation are illustrated in conjunction with FIG. 9 and FIG. 10.
[0288] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of application layer operation between a wireless device and network functions according to an embodiment of this application. Referring to FIG. 9, a wireless device (an example of a customer) may receive multiple first messages from multiple network functions deployed in multiple services, and it selects CM, NET4CON, SPM and RAN from the multiple services. Moreover, the wireless device selects action 1 of CM from actions associated with the CM, action 1 of NET4CON from actions associated with the NET4CON, actions 3, 4 and 5 of SPM from actions associated with the SPM, and actions 1 and 3 of RAN from actions associated with the RAN. Then the wireless device loads the applications of the CM, NET4CON, SPM and RAN respectively. The wireless device with an app set (i.e. the applications) could support network operation (e.g., the above actions. The above actions are transformed into application layer operation between the wireless device and network functions (i.e., the servers) .
[0289] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of application layer operation between a business device (an example of a customer) and network functions according to an embodiment of this application. As aforementioned, multiple network functions may broadcast their first messages, customers in a coverage area can select services based on their demands. For example, referring to FIG. 10, a business device may receive multiple first messages from multiple network functions deployed in multiple services, and it selects NET4CON and SPM from the multiple services. Moreover, the business device selects action 1 of NET4CON from actions associated with the NET4CON, and actions 3, 4 and 5 of SPM from actions associated with the SPM. Then the business device loads the applications of the NET4CON and SPM respectively. The business device with an app set (i.e. the applications) could support network operation (e.g., the above actions. The above actions are transformed into application layer operation between the business device and network functions (i.e., the servers) .
[0290] Notably, Note the servers and the applications can be authorized before application layer operation.
[0291] As aforementioned, a network operation can be transformed into an application layer operation, which involves an interaction between the customer and the network function (s) . In some embodiments, a network operation may involve interactions among multiple network functions (e.g., NCs in the FIG. 7) . Therefore, this application further provides a communication method 1100 in which a procedure can be executed by interactions among network functions.
[0292] FIG. 11 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method 1100 according to an embodiment of this application.
[0293] At step 1110, a first network function receives a first indication message.
[0294] The first indication message indicates at least one action associated with a first service. The first service can be any XaaS service mentioned earlier. Thereby, the first network function may transform a procedure into one or more first actions among the at least one action, and indicate the one or more first actions to execute the procedure, which provides a flexible procedure programming.
[0295] The first network function can be a variety of network functions that enable provisioning of mission services which are based on collaboration among multiple NCs. For example, the first network function may be a network function deployed in A-CAP which can be referred to as FIG. 7. This is not limited to this application.
[0296] In some embodiments, the first network function may receive at least one first indication message from at least one second network function deployed in at least one service (including the first service) . The second network function may be a network function that interacts with other network functions and does not interact with a customer, which may be referred to as a network function deployed in NC in FIG. 7.
[0297] The manner in which the at least one action associated with a first service is indicated may be similar to that described in conjunction with FIG. 6. Implementations described in conjunction with FIG. 6 about the first message and the at least one action could also be implemented in this method. For example, the second network functions may include one or more of a network function deployed in CM NC, a network function deployed in NET4CON NC, a network function deployed in SPM NC, a network function deployed in RAN NC, etc. A network function deployed in CM NC may transmit a first indication message#1 to the first network function, where the first indication message#1 indicates at least one action#1 associated with the CM. A NET4CON NC may transmit a first indication message#2 to the first network function, where the first indication message#2 indicates at least one action#2 associated with the NET4CON, and so forth. Thereby, the first network function may obtain multiple associated actions from multiple services. More details can be referred to description (e.g., examples of actions associated with CM, NET4CON, SPM and RAN, etc. ) in conjunction with FIG. 6 and are omitted here for brevity. These second network functions can be deployed across the 6G system, e.g., RAN, core network, external network, etc.
[0298] The first network function (e.g., a network function deployed in A-CAP NC) may maintain authorization information of NCs which involves network control and management (e.g., CM, NET4CON, SPM, RAN, etc. ) .
[0299] At step 1120, the first network function determines one or more first actions involved in a procedure among the at least one action.
[0300] The procedure can be a variety of procedures that a network system could provide. For example, the procedure may be a synchronization procedure, a random access procedure, a link recovery procedure or a paging procedure, etc. Notably, some procedures are defined by a standard in prior art. For example, the standard defines each step of a random access procedure. However, the procedure in this application can be determined by the first network function, and each step may be programed by the first network function. Therefore, this enhances the flexibility of the network system.
[0301] The procedure can be generated, initiated or established in a variety of ways. This is related to the application scenario and requirements of the procedure. In some implementations, the first network function may generate the procedure based on its demand. For example, the first network function finds that a network function in a running procedure needs to be replaced, and initiates a procedure to replace the network function. In some implementations, the first network function may obtain the procedure from others (e.g., a customer or other network functions) . For example, when a customer requests access to the network, the customer may send a message to the first network function, where the message requests an access procedure. For another example, a network function deployed in RAN may trigger device session set up due to a new RB setup, the network function may send a message to the first network function, where the message requests a session set up procedure. This is not limited to this application.
[0302] In some embodiments, single or multiple first actions are associated with a procedure. For example, the procedure and the single or multiple actions may have a specific association relationship, and the association relationship may be programmed, predefined, maintained, stored, or the like. In other words, the first network function could know the one or more actions based on the procedure.
[0303] In some embodiments, when multiple first actions are associated with a procedure, the multiple first actions may be associated with one or more first services. That is, the procedure may involve one or more first services.
[0304] The first network function may determine the one or more first actions in a variety of ways. In some implementations, the one or more first actions are associated with the procedure. The first network function may determine the one or more first actions based on the procedure, and the one or more first services are determined accordingly based on the first indication messages. That is, when the first network function determines one or more first actions involved in a procedure, it also determines the one or more first services involved in the procedure. In some implementations, the first network function may determine the one or more first services based on the procedure, and determine the one or more first actions for each first service based on the procedure and the first services’ first indication messages. This is not limited to this application.
[0305] Procedures for communications systems can be transformed into programmed interaction sequences of these second network functions deployed in these first services.
[0306] Notably, as aforementioned in step 1110, the first network function may receive multiple first indication messages from multiple second network functions deployed in multiple services. The one or more first services may be part or all of these multiple services.
[0307] In some embodiments, when multiple first actions are associated with a procedure, the multiple first actions may be in an order. When the first network function determines multiple first actions involved in a procedure, it also determines the order of the multiple first actions. The order could be predefined or could be programed, maintained, or stored by the first network function.
[0308] For ease of understanding embodiments of this application, an exemplary procedure that a RAN triggers device session set up due to a new RB setup is given here, and the actions can be referred to description in conjunction with FIG. 8. The procedure involves eleven first actions (numbered as first action#1 to first action#11 for ease of description) :
[0309] first action#1: RAN Action 2: provide information on RB setup or release;
[0310] first action#2: CM Action 2: obtain and maintain connection-related information (e.g., assigned RB end-point, serving C / M GW, Data GW, etc. ) ;
[0311] first action#3: CM Action 5: trigger new session setup (e.g., session HO, etc. ) ;
[0312] first action#4: NET4CON Action 1: setup C / M session and / or data session (e.g., serving C / M-TW-GW, serving Data-TW-GW, etc. involve devices) ;
[0313] first action#5: NET4CON Action 2: provide session information;
[0314] first action#6: CM Action 2: obtain and maintain connection-related information (e.g., assigned RB end-point, serving C / M GW, Data GW, etc. ) ;
[0315] first action#7: CM Action 6: provide RB and / or session mapping;
[0316] first action#8: RAN-action 4: obtain and maintain mapping relation between RB and the session of a wireless device;
[0317] first action#9: CM Action 7: trigger RB and / or session security;
[0318] first action#10: SPM Action 1: obtain connection info of a device, RB (s) , Session (s) which needs to be security protected; and
[0319] first action#11: SPM Action 2: provide RB keying materials and method to RB handler and or serving GWs (optional, depending on SPM architecture) .
[0320] It can be seen from the above example, that the exemplary procedure involves four services: RAN, CM, NET4CON, and SPM. In some embodiments, the A-CAP may receive multiple first indication messages from multiple second network functions deployed in multiple services, where the multiple services include the above four services. The A-CAP may determine the first actions and their order based on the procedure and the multiple first indication messages, and the four services are determined accordingly. Alternatively, the A-CAP may determine the four services from the multiple services based on the procedure and the multiple first indication messages. Then the A-CAP may determine the multiple first actions of RAN, CM, NET4CON, and SPM based on the procedure, and determine the order of the multiple first actions. This is not limited to this application.
[0321] The above actions are determined and programmed in an order. Notably, in some embodiments, one or more actions may be repeated in the procedure (e.g., CM Action 2, CM Action 6, etc. in the exemplary procedure) . This is not limited to this application. The involved first actions and the order of the first actions may be programmed based on the requirements of the procedure.
[0322] In some embodiments, multiple first actions can be divided into one or more steps based on the involved services. For example, a single step may include one or more consecutive first actions that are associated with a single service. For ease of understanding, still referring to the above exemplary procedure, this procedure may include seven steps:
[0323] Step 1: RAN informs CM of the new RB setup (i.e., RAN-action 2 to CM) .
[0324] Step 2: CM triggers NET4CON on session set up (i.e., CM-action 2 and action 5 to NET4CON) .
[0325] Step 3: NET4CON set up session (i.e., NET4CON-action 2 to CM) .
[0326] Step 4: CM informs RAN of the new session info (i.e., CM-action 7 to RAN) .
[0327] Step 5: RAN obtains RB and session mapping (i.e., RAN-action 4, then optional-inform device) .
[0328] Step 6: CM triggers securing the new session (i.e., CM-action 8 to SPM) .
[0329] Step 7: SPM activates new RB and session security operation (i.e., SPM-action 1 and action 2) .
[0330] The division of steps may facilitate collaboration between services in subsequent configuration and execution. In some embodiments, identifiers of steps are associated with the procedure, where the steps may be predefined or could be programmed, maintained, or stored by the first network function.
[0331] In some embodiments, A-CAP may determine a procedure graph based on a procedure request. For a first example, A-CAP may program based on a pre-defined mapping between the procedure and procedure graph during the initial phase. For a second example, A-CAP may program based on customer’s subscribed information and the procedure request after the initial phase (e.g., as future phase) . This is not limited in this application.
[0332] At step 1130, the first network function transmits a second indication message to the second network function (s) deployed in the determined first service (s) or transmits a second indication message to a gateway, where the second indication message indicates the one or more first actions.
[0333] The involved second network function (s) could perform corresponding action (s) based on the second message, to execute the procedure. The procedure may be transformed into a series of actions in embodiments of this application.
[0334] From the above solution, the first network function could obtain at least one action associated with the first service, and determine the first action (s) involved in a procedure. That is, the first network function may transform a procedure into one or more first actions, and indicate the one or more actions to execute the procedure, which provide a flexible procedure programming.
[0335] Notably, step 1130 can be implemented in a variety of ways. The second indication message is used to indicate the involved second network function (s) what action (s) to perform.
[0336] In a first implementation, when a procedure involves multiple services, the first network function may transmit multiple second indication messages to multiple second network functions deployed in the multiple services individually. Each of the multiple second indication messages may indicate the corresponding first actions. For ease of understanding, details of the first implementation will be given in conjunction with FIG. 12 to FIG. 16.
[0337] In a second implementation, the first network function may transmit the second indication message to a gateway, where the gateway may be responsible for configuring involved second network functions. For ease of understanding, details of the second implementation will be given in conjunction with FIG. 17 to FIG. 20.
[0338] FIG. 12 is a schematic flowchart of a first implementation of sending a second indication message according to an embodiment of this application.
[0339] At step 1210, second network function (s) transmits first indication message (s) to a first network function. Correspondingly, the first network function receives the first indication message (s) from the second network function (s) .
[0340] This step can be referred to description in step 1110, and omitted for brevity.
[0341] At step 1220, the first network function determines one or more first actions involved in a procedure among the at least one action.
[0342] This step can be referred to description in step 1120, and omitted here.
[0343] At step 1230, the first network function transmits second indication message (s) to the second network function (s) . Correspondingly, the second network function (s) receives the second indication message (s) from the first network function.
[0344] When a procedure involves multiple first services, the first network function may transmit multiple second indication messages to multiple second network functions deployed in the multiple first services individually. Each of the multiple second indication messages may indicate the corresponding first actions. Referring to the exemplary procedure described in step 1120, FIG. 13 illustrates a first example of sending second indication messages according to the exemplary procedure.
[0345] Referring to FIG. 13, the first network function transmits a second indication message#1 to a second network function deployed in RAN, where the second indication message#1 indicates Action 2 and Action 4 of the RAN. The first network function transmits a second indication message#2 to a second network function deployed in CM, where the second indication message#2 indicates Actions 2, 5, 6, and 7 of the CM. The first network function transmits a second indication message#3 to a second network function deployed in NET4CON, where the second indication message#3 indicates Actions 1 and 2 of the NET4CON. The first network function transmits a second indication message#4 to a second network function deployed in SPM, where the second indication message#4 indicates Actions 1 and 2 of the SPM.
[0346] In some embodiments, the second indication message indicates an identifier of the procedure. One or more first actions may be associated with the identifier of the procedure. For example, the involved second network function may know the association relationship between the identifier of the procedure and the first action (s) . Thereby, even though each second indication message only includes the identifier of the procedure, each second network function could know the first action (s) based on the identifier. The transmission consumption can be reduced.
[0347] The configuration can be simplified when the procedure may be fixed (routing) and stored in services. In this case, A-CAP only needs to configure first services with procedure ID.
[0348] In some embodiments, the second indication message indicates the identifier (s) of the one or more first actions. Each identifier of action may be individual within a second network function, and each second network function could know its first actions based on the identifier (s) in the second indication message.
[0349] In some embodiments, when the first actions involved in the procedure are in an order, at least one second indication message further indicates a first service associated with next first action (s) it indicates. For example, the first network function transmits a second indication message#a to a second network function#a deployed in a first service#a, where the second indication message#a indicates one or more first actions#a. For a procedure, one or more first actions#b are the next actions to be performed by the one or more first actions#b, and the one or more first actions#b are associated with a first service#b. The second indication message#a may further indicate the first service#b. Thereby, when the network function#a performs the one or more first actions#a, it may indicate a second network function#b deployed in the first service#b to perform the one or more second actions#b. Referring to the exemplary procedure described in step 1120, FIG. 14 illustrates a first example of the second indication messages according to the exemplary procedure.
[0350] Referring to FIG. 14, the first network function transmits a second indication message#1 to a second network function deployed in RAN, where the second indication message#1 indicates Action 2 and Action 4 of the RAN, and the Action 2 is to be performed in step 1 and the Action 4 is to be performed in step 5. As step 2 (i.e. the step next to step 1) is performed by performing the Action 2 associated with CM, the second indication message#1 may further indicate one or more of: identifier (ID) of the CM, the ID of the second network function deployed in the CM (e.g., CM provider ID) , and the identifier of the Action 2 associated with the CM (e.g., CM action 2) . Thereby, when the RAN performs the Action#2, the RAN could know which service is responsible for the next step based on any one of the above identifiers or their combinations thereof. In addition, as the RAN also performs the step 5, the second indication message#2 may further indicates information related to step 6 (e.g., CM ID, CM provider ID, CM action 7) .
[0351] Similarly, the first network function transmits a second indication message#2 to a second network function deployed in CM, where the second indication message#2 indicates Actions 2, 5, 6 and 7 of the RAN, and indicates that the action 2 and action 5 are performed in step 2 of a procedure and information related to step 3 (e.g., NET4CON ID, NET4CON provider ID and NET4CON action 2) . Moreover, the second indication message#2 further indicates that the action 2 (which is performed repeatedly) and action 6 are performed in step 4 of a procedure and information related to step 5 (e.g., RAN ID, RAN provider ID and RAN action 4) . And the second indication message#2 further indicates that the action 7 is performed in step 6 of a procedure and information related to step 7 (e.g., SPM ID, SPM provider ID and SPM action 1) . In addition, the first network function may transmit a second indication message#3 to a second network function deployed in NET4CON, where the second indication message#3 indicates Actions 1 and 2 of the NET4CON. The second indication message#3 may further indicate that the action 1 and action 3 are performed in step 3 of a procedure and information related to step 4 (e.g., CM ID, CM provider ID and CM action 2) .
[0352] Notably, in this exemplary example, the first network function may transmit a second indication message#4 to a second network function deployed in SPM, where the second indication message#4 indicates Actions 1 and 2 of the SPM, and the actions 1 and 2 are performed in step 7 of the procedure. As this step 7 is the last step in the procedure, the second indication message#4 may have no need to indicate another.
[0353] At step 1240, the second network function (s) performs the one or more first actions.
[0354] The second network function (s) who receives a second indication message in step 1230 can performs corresponding one or more first actions based on the second indication message, to execute the procedure. In some embodiments, when the procedure involves multiple first actions in an order and the second indication message further indicates information related to the next step, the second network function may interact with another second network function during the execution process. Details about the execution process will be given in conjunction with FIG. 15 and FIG. 16, and omitted here for brevity.
[0355] In some embodiments, the procedure may be requested by a customer (e.g., an individual customer or a business customer) . That is, before step 1220, the method may further include step 1250. Notably, although not illustrated, the first network function may generate the procedure based on its demand, or the first network function may obtain the procedure from other network functions) .
[0356] Optionally, at step 1250, a customer transmits a third indication message to the first network function. Correspondingly, the first network function receives the third indication message from the customer.
[0357] The third indication message is used to request the procedure. For example, the third indication message may indicate ID of the procedure. The first network function could program based on the procedure to determine the involved first services and involved actions. In some embodiments, the third indication message may indicate requirements of the procedure, and the first network function may program based on the requirements. This is not limited in this application.
[0358] Notably, the step 1250 may be also performed before the step 1210. For example, the first indication message (s) may be obtained after the customer (e.g., device, D-user, or B-customer) ’s subscription. This is not limited in this application.
[0359] In some embodiments, each of the second indication message (s) may further indicate an identifier of the customer, so that the second network function (s) could verify that the customer is authorized or not. This can improve the security of the execution process.
[0360] From the above solution, the first network function could interact with each of the second network function (s) involved in the procedure. When a second indication message may further indicate a service associated with next first action (s) it indicates, the subsequent execution may be achieved by the interaction between second network functions. The transmission consumption between the first network function and the second network function could be reduced.
[0361] As aforementioned, details about the step 1240 is given in conjunction with the FIG. 15 and FIG. 16. A procedure may involve multiple first services (i.e. multiple second network functions) , multiple first actions involved in the procedure are in an order. For ease of description, the second network functions are numbered based on the order. For example, a second network function who is responsible for performing the first step in the procedure is denoted as second network function#1, a second function who is responsible for performing the second step in the procedure is denoted as second network function#2 and so forth.
[0362] FIG. 15 is a schematic flowchart of an execution process according to the first implementation of sending a second indication message.
[0363] At step 1241, a second network function#1 performs at least one first action#1.
[0364] After the second network function#1 receives a second indication message#1 from the first network function, it can perform at least one first action#1 based on the second indication message. Then the second network function#1 can determine the next second network function (i.e., the second network function#2) . For example, referring to the exemplary example shown in FIG. 14, second network function#1 deployed in RAN can perform action 2 and determine that the second network function#2 is deployed in CM.
[0365] At step 1242, the second network function#1 transmits a fourth indication message to a second network function#2. Correspondingly, the second network function#2 receives the fourth indication message from the second network function#1.
[0366] After the second network function#1 performs the at least one first action#1, it can transmit a fourth indication message#1 to the second network function#2. The fourth indication message indicates the second network function#2 to perform corresponding first action (s) . For example, referring to the exemplary example shown in FIG. 14, the second network function#1 deployed in RAN can transmit a fourth indication message to the second network function#2 is deployed in CM, and the fourth indication message indicates the second network function#1 to perform action 2 and action 5.
[0367] Notably, the fourth indication message may be a trigger signal, as the second network function#2 may have known the first actions from the second indication message. Alternatively, fourth indication message may indicate step ID and / or action ID of corresponding first actions. In this case, the reliability can be improved when a second network function may involve two or more discontinuous steps. This is not limited in this application.
[0368] At step 1243, the second network function#2 performs the at least one first action#2.
[0369] For example, referring to the exemplary example shown in FIG. 14, the second network function#2 deployed in the CM can perform the action 2 and action 5 based on the fourth indication message.
[0370] Notably, only the first three steps of the execution process are illustrated. Although not illustrated, subsequent steps can be deduced based on the procedure, and omitted here for brevity. For ease of understanding embodiments of this application, FIG. 16 illustrates an example of execution process according to the exemplary procedure.
[0371] Referring to FIG. 16, each arrow represents a fourth indication message transmission, and after each step, a second network function sends a fourth indication message to the next second network function.
[0372] As aforementioned, in a second implementation, the first network function may transmit the second indication message to a gateway, where the gateway may be responsible for configuring involved second network functions.
[0373] FIG. 17 is a schematic flowchart of a second implementation of sending a second indication message according to an embodiment of this application.
[0374] At step 1710, second network function (s) transmits first indication message (s) to a first network function. Correspondingly, the first network function receives the first indication message (s) from the second network function (s) .
[0375] This step can be referred to description in step 1110, and omitted for brevity.
[0376] At step 1720, the first network function determines one or more first actions involved in a procedure among the at least one action.
[0377] This step can be referred to description in step 1120, and omitted here.
[0378] At step 1730, the first network function transmits a second indication message to a GW. Correspondingly, the GW receives the second indication message from the first network function.
[0379] The procedure involves multiple first actions, the multiple actions are associated with multiple first services, and the multiple actions are in an order. The second indication message indicates the multiple first actions, and further indicates the multiple services and the order of the multiple first actions.
[0380] For example, the second indication message may indicate one or more of: procedure ID, number of steps involved in a procedure, IDs of steps involved in the procedure, ID (s) of first action (s) of each step, IDs of first service associated with each first action, IDs of second network functions, and provider ID (s) of each first service. That is, the first network function may inform gateway of a programming result of the procedure. The gateway can interact with involved second network function (s) to execute the procedure.
[0381] In some embodiments, the gateway may be a C / M-TW-GW shown in FIG. 6, where the C / M-TW-GW may interact with services at various layers. FIG. 18 illustrates a second example of sending second indication messages according to the exemplary procedure.
[0382] Referring to FIG. 18, the first network function may be employed in A-CAP, and the gateway may be the C / M-TW-GW. The A-CAP can inform the C / M-TW-GW of a programming result of the procedure.
[0383] At step 1740, the gateway and the second network function (s) execute the procedure.
[0384] The gateway can interact with involved second network function (s) to execute the procedure. For example, the gateway may transmit a fifth indication message to each of the involved second network function (s) , where the fifth indication message indicates corresponding first action (s) . Each second network function can perform corresponding first action (s) based on the fifth indication message to execute the procedure. Details about the execution process will be given in conjunction with FIG. 19 and FIG. 20, and omitted here for brevity.
[0385] In some embodiments, the procedure may be requested by a customer (e.g., an individual customer or a business customer) . That is, before step 1720, the method may further include step 1750.
[0386] Optionally, at step 1750, a customer transmits a third indication message to the first network function. Correspondingly, the first network function receives the third indication message from the customer.
[0387] This step can be referred to description in step 1250, and omitted for brevity.
[0388] From the above solution, the first network function may interact with a gateway, and the gateway may configure the second network function (s) involved in the procedure. Each second network function may perform first action (s) based on its interaction with the gateway, and each second network function is relatively independent from each other.
[0389] As aforementioned, details about the step 1740 is given in conjunction with the FIG. 19 and FIG. 20. A procedure may involve multiple first services (i.e. multiple second network functions) , multiple first actions involved in the procedure are in an order. Similarly, for ease of description, the second network functions are numbered based on the order.
[0390] FIG. 19 is a schematic flowchart of an execution process according to the second implementation of sending a second indication message.
[0391] At step 1841, the gateway transmits a fifth indication message#1 to a second network function#1. Correspondingly, the second network function#1 receives the fifth indication message#1 to the gateway.
[0392] The fifth indication message#1 indicates first action (s) #1 corresponding to the second network function#1. For example, the fifth indication message#1 may indicate ID (s) of first action (s) #1. Thereby, the second network function#1 can perform the corresponding first action (s) #1 based on the fifth indication message#1. For example, referring to the exemplary example in step 1120, the gateway may transmit a fifth indication message#1 to the second network function#1 deployed in the RAN, and the fifth indication message#1 may indicate the action 2.
[0393] Notably, the gateway could interact with each of involved second network functions during the execution process. Therefore, the fifth indication message has no need to indicate information related to the next step.
[0394] At step 1842, the second network function#1 performs one or more first actions#1.
[0395] The second network function#1 can perform one or more first actions#1 indicated by the fifth indication message#1.
[0396] At step 1843, the second network function#1 transmits a sixth indication message#1 to the gateway. Correspondingly, the gateway receives the sixth indication message#1 from the second network function#1.
[0397] The sixth indication message#1 indicates that corresponding first action (s) #1 is performed. In some embodiments, the gateway may proceed to the next step based on the sixth indication message#1.
[0398] Notably, the second network function#1 can transmit the sixth indication message#1 at any time during the execution of the first action (s) #1 (including before and after the execution) , it depends on the programming of the procedure. This is not limited in this application.
[0399] The sixth indication message#1 may respond to the fifth indication message#1, where the gateway could know that the second network function#1 has received the fifth indication message#1 and the gateway could determine that it could send a sixth indication message#2 to the next second network function.
[0400] In some embodiments, the sixth indication message#1 may further indicate one or more of: processing result of the first action (s) #1, current execution status and so forth. If the first action (s) #1 fails, the sixth indication message may further indicate a factor of the failure. This is not limited in this application.
[0401] At step 1844, the gateway transmits a fifth indication message#2 to a second network function#2. Correspondingly, the second network function#2 receives the fifth indication message#2 to the gateway.
[0402] The fifth indication message#2 indicates one or more first actions#2 corresponding to the second network function#2. Details about this fifth indication message#2 is similar to the description of the fifth indication message#1 in step 1841. This is omitted here for brevity.
[0403] Notably, the gateway could transmit the fifth indication message#2 after the step 1843, when the first action (s) #1 and the first action (s) #2 are in a determined order. Alternatively, if there is no order restriction on the first action (s) #1 and the first action (s) #2, there is also no order restriction on the fifth indication message#1 and the fifth indication message#2.
[0404] At step 1845, the second network function#2 performs one or more first actions#2.
[0405] The second network function#2 can perform one or more first actions#2 indicated by the fifth indication message#2.
[0406] At step 1846, the second network function#2 transmits a sixth indication message#2 to the gateway. Correspondingly, the gateway receives the sixth indication message#2 from the second network function#2.
[0407] The sixth indication message#2 indicates that corresponding first action (s) #2 is performed. Details about this sixth indication message#2 is similar to the description of the sixth indication message#1 in step 1843. This is omitted here for brevity.
[0408] Notably, only part of steps of the execution process are illustrated. Although not illustrated, subsequent steps can be deduced based on the procedure, and omitted here for brevity. For ease of understanding embodiments of this application, FIG. 20 illustrates a second example of execution process according to the exemplary procedure (described in step 1120) .
[0409] Referring to FIG. 20, each bidirectional arrow represents a fifth indication message transmission and a sixth indication message transmission.
[0410] As aforementioned, a method 800 that a network operation involves an interaction between a customer and a server is described in conjunction with FIGs. 8-10. A method 1100 that a procedure involves an interaction between NCs is described in conjunction with FIGs. 11-20. The method 800 and method 1100 can be implemented either individually or in combination. For example, a network operation or a procedure may involve both an interaction between a customer and a server, and an interaction between NCs. This implementation can be deduced by the above description in conjunction with FIGs. 8-20, and details are omitted here. For ease of understanding this implementation, FIG. 21 illustrates an example of execution process according to this implementation.
[0411] Referring to FIG. 21, this execution process may correspond to configurations in FIG. 14. Each arrow may represent a fourth indication message. Each line between a pair of apps and services (e.g., RAN app and RAN, CM app and CM, NET4CON app and NET4CON, SPM app and SPM in FIG. 21) may present a first message and / or a second message. For example, at step 1, the second network function deployed in RAN performs Action 1 of the RAN and triggers the second network function deployed in CM. At step 2, the second network function deployed in CM performs Action 2 and Action 5 of CM and triggers the second network function deployed in NET4CON. At step 3, the second network function deployed in NET4CON performs Action 1 and Action 2 of NET4CON and triggers the second network function deployed in CM. At step 4, the second network function deployed in CM performs Action 2 and Action 6 of CM and triggers the second network function deployed in RAN. At step 5, the second network function deployed in RAN performs Action 4 of RAN and triggers the second network function deployed in CM. At step 6, the second network function deployed in CM performs Action 7 of CM and triggers the second network function deployed in SPM. At step 7, the second network function deployed in SPM performs Action 1 and Action 2 of SPM. The communication between the customer and network functions (e.g., the RAN, the CM, the NET4CON and the SPM) based on the apps. After all steps at a network function are finished the network function may feedback on the status of each action (e.g., successful or failed) .
[0412] According to the above technical solution, 3GPP standardization work can be significantly reduced and an intelligent and flexible scheme to support a variety of optimized or customized network operation procedures is provided.
[0413] In some embodiments artificial (AI) technology can be applied to each of the above methods or their combinations thereof. For example, each of the customer, the network function (e.g., the server) , the first network function, and the second network function described above may have self-learning capability to gradually learn how to participate in supporting operation procedure service (e.g., the network operation, the procedure) . For ease of understanding, FIG. 22 and FIG. 23 illustrate schematic diagrams of a model according to an embodiment of this application.
[0414] Referring to FIG. 22, A-CAP NC with self-learning capability is given as an example. Initially, A-CAP can prepare a basic procedure service graph (interaction sequence among involved services) library, e.g., by A-CAP provider and A-CAP selects a basic procedure graph predefined graph based on procedure ID. A-CAP can gradually learn and extend its capability to determine graph-based procedure service names, for example, it can on-demand combine more than one basic procedure services to reduce operation latency.
[0415] Referring to FIG. 23, another NC (e.g., the RAN NC, the SPM NC, etc. ) with self-learning capability is given as an example. The NC can receive configuration from the A-CAP (or gateway) for supporting a network operation. These configurations and required actions are recorded in an internal database and a built-in AI model can learn this configuration and corresponding actions operation. An NC can determine its corresponding action (s) based on data plane input from other NC information, e.g., Procedure ID, etc.
[0416] According to the above embodiments, it enables continuously integrating the latest AI technical development without standard impact, that is, paving a path to AI development.
[0417] The methods according to the embodiments of this application are described above in detail with reference to FIGS. 7-23. The apparatuses provided in embodiments of this application will be described below in detail with reference to FIGS. 24-25. The description of apparatus embodiments corresponds to the description of the method embodiments. Therefore, for content that is not described in detail, refer to the foregoing method embodiments. For brevity, details are not described herein again.
[0418] Referring to FIG. 24, a schematic block diagram of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application is shown. A communication apparatus 10 includes a transceiver unit 11 and a processing unit 12. The transceiver unit 11 may implement a corresponding communication function, and the processing unit 11 is configured to perform data processing. The transceiver unit 11 may also be referred to as a communication interface or a communication unit.
[0419] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 10 may further include a storage unit. The storage unit may be configured to store instructions and / or data. The processing unit 12 may read the instructions and / or data in the storage unit, to enable the communication apparatus to implement the foregoing method embodiments.
[0420] The communication apparatus 10 may be configured to perform actions performed by the customer in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the communication apparatus 10 may be the customer or a component that can be configured in the customer. The transceiver unit 11 is configured to perform communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operations on the customer side in the foregoing method embodiments. The processing unit 12 is configured to perform processing-related operations on the customer side in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0421] The communication apparatus 10 may implement steps or procedures performed by the customer in FIGS. 7-23 according to the embodiments of this application. The communication apparatus 10 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the customer in FIGS. 7-23. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 10 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGS. 7-23.
[0422] Alternatively, the communication apparatus 10 may be configured to perform actions performed by the network function in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the communication apparatus 10 may be the network function or a component that can be configured in the network function. The transceiver unit 11 is configured to perform communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operations on the network function side in the foregoing method embodiments. The processing unit 12 is configured to perform processing-related operations on the network function side in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0423] The communication apparatus 10 may implement steps or procedures performed by the network function in FIGS. 7-23 according to the embodiments of this application. The communication apparatus 10 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the network function in FIGS. 7-23. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 10 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGS. 7-23.
[0424] Alternatively, the communication apparatus 10 may be configured to perform actions performed by the first network function in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the communication apparatus 10 may be the first network function or a component that can be configured in the first network function. The transceiver unit 11 is configured to perform communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operations on the first network function side in the foregoing method embodiments. The processing unit 12 is configured to perform processing-related operations on the first network function side in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0425] The communication apparatus 10 may implement steps or procedures performed by the first network function in FIGS. 7-23 according to the embodiments of this application. The communication apparatus 10 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the first network function in FIGS. 7-23. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 10 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGS. 7-23.
[0426] Alternatively, the communication apparatus 10 may be configured to perform actions performed by the second network function in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the communication apparatus 10 may be the second network function or a component that can be configured in the second network function. The transceiver unit 11 is configured to perform communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operations on the second network function side in the foregoing method embodiments. The processing unit 12 is configured to perform processing-related operations on the second network function side in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0427] The communication apparatus 10 may implement steps or procedures performed by the second network function in FIGS. 7-23 according to the embodiments of this application. The communication apparatus 10 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the second network function in FIGS. 7-23. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 10 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGS. 7-23.
[0428] Alternatively, the communication apparatus 10 may be configured to perform actions performed by the gateway in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the communication apparatus 10 may be the gateway or a component that can be configured in the gateway. The transceiver unit 11 is configured to perform communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operations on the gateway side in the foregoing method embodiments. The processing unit 12 is configured to perform processing-related operations on the gateway side in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0429] The communication apparatus 10 may implement steps or procedures performed by the gateway in FIGS. 7-23 according to the embodiments of this application. The communication apparatus 10 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the gateway in FIGS. 7-23. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 10 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGS. 7-23.
[0430] A specific process in which the units perform the foregoing corresponding steps is described in detail in the foregoing method embodiments. For brevity, details are not described herein again.
[0431] Referring to FIG. 25, a schematic block diagram of another communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application is shown. A communication apparatus 20 includes a processor 21. The processor 21 is coupled to a memory 22. The memory 22 is configured to store a computer program or instructions and / or data. The processor 21 is configured to execute the computer program or instructions and / or data stored in the memory 22, so that the methods in the foregoing method embodiments are executed.
[0432] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 20 includes one or more processors 21.
[0433] In an example, as shown in FIG. 25, the communication apparatus 20 may further include the memory 22.
[0434] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 20 may include one or more memories 22.
[0435] In an example, the memory 22 may be integrated with the processor 21, or disposed separately from the processor 21.
[0436] In an example, as shown in FIG. 25, the communication apparatus 20 may further include a transceiver 23, where the transceiver 23 is configured to receive and / or transmit a signal. For example, the processor 21 may be configured to control the transceiver 23 to receive and / or transmit a signal.
[0437] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 20 may be a customer or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the customer; or the communication apparatus 20 may be a network function or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the network function; or the communication apparatus 20 may be a first network function or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the first network function; or the communication apparatus 20 may be a second network function or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the second network function; or the communication apparatus 20 may be a gateway or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the gateway.
[0438] In a solution, the communication apparatus 20 is configured to perform the operations performed by the customer in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0439] For example, the processor 21 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the customer in the foregoing method embodiments, and the transceiver 23 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the customer in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0440] In another solution, the communication apparatus 20 is configured to perform the operations performed by the network function in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0441] For example, the processor 21 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the network function in the foregoing method embodiments, and the transceiver 23 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the network function in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0442] In another solution, the communication apparatus 20 is configured to perform the operations performed by the first network function in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0443] For example, the processor 21 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the first network function in the foregoing method embodiments, and the transceiver 23 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the first network function in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0444] In another solution, the communication apparatus 20 is configured to perform the operations performed by the second network function in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0445] For example, the processor 21 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the second network function in the foregoing method embodiments, and the transceiver 23 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the second network function in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0446] In another solution, the communication apparatus 20 is configured to perform the operations performed by the gateway in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0447] For example, the processor 21 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the gateway in the foregoing method embodiments, and the transceiver 23 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the gateway in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0448] An embodiment of this application further provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions used to implement the method performed by the customer, the network function, the first network function, the second network function, or the gateway in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0449] For example, when the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer may be enabled to implement the method performed by the customer, the network function, the first network function, the second network function, or the gateway in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0450] An embodiment of this application further provides a computer program product including instructions. When the instructions are executed by a computer, the computer is enabled to implement the method performed by the customer, the network function, the first network function, the second network function, or the gateway in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0451] An embodiment of this application further provides a communication system. The communication system includes the customer and the network function in the foregoing embodiments.
[0452] An embodiment of this application further provides a communication system. The communication system includes the first network function and the second network function in the foregoing embodiments.
[0453] An embodiment of this application further provides a communication system. The communication system includes the first network function, the second network function and the gateway in the foregoing embodiments.
[0454] For explanations and beneficial effects of related content of any communication apparatus provided above, refer to a corresponding method embodiment provided above. Details are not described herein again.
[0455] The processor mentioned in the embodiments of this application may be a central processing unit (CPU) . The processor may further be another general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) , or another programmable logic device, a discrete gate, a transistor logic device, a discrete hardware component, or the like. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
[0456] The memory mentioned in the embodiments of this application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include a volatile memory and a non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM) , a programmable read-only memory (programmable ROM, PROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable PROM, EPROM) , an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (electrically EPROM, EEPROM) , or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM) . For example, the RAM may be used as an external cache. By way of example but not limitation, the RAM may include a plurality of forms such as the following: a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a synchronous dynamic random access memory (synchronous DRAM, SDRAM) , a double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (double data rate SDRAM, DDR SDRAM) , an enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM) , a synchlink dynamic random access memory (synchlink DRAM, SLDRAM) , and a direct rambus random access memory (direct rambus RAM, DR RAM) .
[0457] It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA, another programmable logic device, a discrete gate or a transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) may be integrated into the processor.
[0458] It should be further noted that the memory described in this specification is intended to include, but is not limited to, these memories and any other memory of a suitable type.
[0459] A person of ordinary skill in the art may be aware that, in combination with the examples described in embodiments disclosed in this specification, units and methods may be implemented by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are performed by hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraints of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the protection scope of this application.
[0460] It should be noted that the term “receive” or “receiving” used herein may refer to receiving or otherwise obtaining from an element / component in the same apparatus or from another device separate from the apparatus. Similarly, the term “transmit” or “transmitting” may refer to outputting or sending to / for an element / component in the same apparatus or to / for another device separate from the apparatus. For example, any of the methods / procedures described herein may be performed by a chipset, in which case any sending or receiving steps may occur between elements of the chipset.
[0461] It may be clearly understood by a person skilled in the art that, for the purpose of convenient and brief description, for a detailed working process of the foregoing apparatus and unit, refer to a corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment. Details are not described herein again.
[0462] In the several embodiments provided in this application, the disclosed apparatuses and methods may be implemented in other manners. For example, the described apparatus embodiment is merely an example. For example, division into the units is merely logical function division and may be other division in an actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be implemented through some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections between the apparatuses or units may be implemented in electronic forms, mechanical forms, or other forms.
[0463] The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one position, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected based on an actual requirement to implement the solutions provided in this application.
[0464] In addition, function units in the embodiments of this application may be integrated into one unit, or each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
[0465] All or some of the foregoing embodiments may be implemented by using software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When the software is used to implement the embodiments, all or a part of the embodiments may be implemented in a form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on the computer, the procedures or functions according to the embodiments of this application are all or partially generated. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or another programmable apparatus. For example, the computer may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, or the like. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or may be transmitted from a computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center in a wired (for example, a coaxial cable, an optical fiber, or a digital subscriber line (DSL) ) or wireless (for example, infrared, radio, and microwave, or the like) manner. The computer-readable storage medium may be any usable medium accessible by the computer, or a data storage device, for example, a server or a data center, integrating one or more usable media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape) , an optical medium (for example, a DVD) , a semiconductor medium (for example, an SSD) , or the like. For example, the usable medium may include but is not limited to any medium that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive, a removable hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disc.
[0466] The foregoing description is merely a specific implementation of this application, but is not intended to limit the protection scope of this application. Any variation or replacement readily figured out by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application shall fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims and the specification.
Claims
1.A method for communication, performed by a customer, comprising:receiving (810) a first message, wherein the first message indicates at least one action associated with a first service;determining (820) one or more first actions among the at least one action associated with the first service; andloading (830) an application associated with the one or more first actions, wherein the application is responsible for an interaction between the customer and a network function deployed in the first service.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the receiving (810) the first message, comprises:receiving multiple first messages from multiple network functions corresponding to multiple services, wherein the multiple services comprise the first service, and each of the multiple first messages indicates at least one action associated with a corresponding service; andbefore determining (820) the one or more first actions, and the method further comprises:determining (840) the first service among the multiple services.3.The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method further comprises:updating or terminating the application.4.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein any one of the at least one action is associated with at least one capability, the first message further indicates the at least one capability, and the method further comprises:determining (850) one or more first capabilities among the at least one capability associated with the one or more first actions; andtransmitting (860) a second message to a first network function, wherein the second message indicates the one or more first capabilities.5.The method according to claim 4, wherein each of the at least one capability is indicated in a format, and the one or more first capabilities are indicated based on the format.6.The method according to claim 5, wherein each of the at least one capability is indicated in the format of comprising one or more of: an index of a corresponding capability, and condition (s) of the corresponding capability being activated.7.A method for communication, performed by a network function, comprising:transmitting (810) a first message to a customer, wherein the first message indicates at least one action associated with a first service, and the network function is deployed in the first service.8.The method according to claim 7, wherein any one of the at least one action is associated with at least one capability, the first message further indicates the at least one capability, and the method further comprises:receiving (860) a second message from the customer, wherein the second message indicates one or more first capabilities among the at least one capability; andactivating (870) the one or more first capabilities.9.The method according to claim 8, wherein each of the at least one capability is indicated in a format, and the one or more first capabilities are indicated based on the format.10.The method according to claim 9, wherein each of the at least one capability is indicated in the format of comprising one or more of: an index of a corresponding capability, and condition (s) of the corresponding capability being activated.11.A method for communication, performed by a first network function, comprising:receiving (1110) a first indication message, wherein the first indication message indicates at least one action associated with a first service;determining (1120) one or more first actions involved in a procedure among the at least one action; andtransmitting (1130) a second indication message, wherein the second indication message indicates the one or more first actions.12.The method according claim 11, wherein multiple first actions associated with multiple services comprising the first service are involved in the procedure.13.The method according to claim 12, wherein the multiple first actions are in an order.14.The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the second indication message indicates one or more of:an identifier of the procedure, wherein the one or more first actions are associated with the identifier of the procedure; andidentifier (s) of the one or more first actions.15.The method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the transmitting (1230) the second indication message, comprises:transmitting (1330) the second indication message to a second network function, wherein the second network function is deployed in the first service.16.The method according to claim 15, wherein the transmitting (1330) the second indication message to the second network function, comprises:transmitting multiple second indication messages to multiple second network functions deployed in multiple services, wherein each of the multiple second indication messages indicates one or more first actions associated with a corresponding service.17.The method according to claim 16, wherein all the first actions indicated by the multiple second indication messages are involved in the procedure and are in an order, and at least one second indication message further indicates a service associated with next first action (s) it indicates.18.The method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the transmitting (1230) the second indication message, comprises:transmitting (1830) the second indication message to a gateway, wherein the second indication message indicates the multiple first actions, and further indicates the multiple services and the order of the multiple first actions.19.The method according to any one of claims 11 to 18, wherein the first indication message further indicates at least one capability associated with any one of the at least one action.20.The method according to claim 19, wherein the determining (1220) the one or more first actions involved in the procedure among the at least one action associated with the first service, comprises:determining one or more first actions involved in the procedure among the at least one action, and one or more first capabilities involved in the procedure among the at least one capability, wherein the second indication message further indicates the one or more first capabilities.21.The method according to any one of claims 11 to 20, wherein the method further comprises:receiving (1250 or 1850) a third indication message from a customer or a network function, wherein the third indication message requests the procedure.22.The method according to claim 21, wherein the second indication message further indicates the customer.23.The method according to any one of claims 11 to 22, wherein the determining the one or more first actions involved in the procedure among the at least one action, comprises:using an artificial model to determine the one or more first actions involved in the procedure among the at least one action.24.The method according to any one of claims of 11 to 23, wherein the method further comprises:maintaining information that indicates the at least one action.25.A method for communication, performed by a second network function, comprising:transmitting (1310) a first indication message to a first network function, wherein the first indication message indicates at least one action associated with a first service;receiving (1330) a second indication message from the first network function, wherein the second indication message indicates one or more first actions involved in a procedure among the at least one action; andperforming (1340) the one or more first actions.26.The method according claim 25, wherein multiple first actions associated with multiple services comprising the first service are involved in the procedure.27.The method according to claim 26, wherein the multiple first actions are in an order.28.The method according to any one of claims 25 to 27, wherein the second indication message indicates one or more of:an identifier of the procedure, wherein the one or more first actions are associated with the identifier of the procedure; andidentifier (s) of the one or more first actions.29.The method according to claim 27 or 28, wherein the second indication message further indicates a service associated with next first action (s) it indicates.30.The method according to claim 28 or 29, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting (1342) a fourth indication message to a next second network function deployed in a service associated with next first action (s) the second indication message indicates, wherein the fourth indicating message indicates the next second network function to perform the next first action (s) .31.The method according to any one of claims 25 to 30, wherein the first indication message further indicates at least one capability associated with any one of the at least one action.32.The method according to claim 31, wherein the second indication message further indicates one or more first capabilities, the one or more first capabilities are involved in the procedure among the at least one capability.33.The method according to claim 32, wherein the second indication message further indicates a customer that requests the procedure.34.A method for communication, performed by a second network function, comprising:transmitting (1810) a first indication message to a first network function, wherein the first indication message indicates at least one action associated with a first service;receiving (1841 or 1844) a fifth indication message from a gateway, wherein the fifth indication message indicates one or more first actions involved in a procedure among the at least one action; andperforming (1842 or 1845) the one or more first actions.35.The method according claim 34, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting (1843 or 1846) a sixth indication message to the gateway, wherein the sixth indication information indicates that the one or more first actions are performed.36.The method according claim 34 or 35, wherein multiple first actions associated with multiple services comprising the first service are involved in the procedure.37.The method according to claim 36, wherein the multiple first actions are in an order.38.The method according to any one of claims 34 to 37, wherein the second indication message indicates one or more of:an identifier of the procedure, wherein the one or more first actions are associated with the identifier of the procedure; andidentifier (s) of the one or more first actions.39.The method according to any one of claims 34 to 38, wherein the first indication message further indicates at least one capability associated with any one of the at least one action.40.The method according to claim 39, wherein the fifth indication message further indicates one or more first capabilities, the one or more first capabilities are involved in the procedure among the at least one capability.41.The method according to claim 40, wherein the fifth indication message further indicates a customer that requests the procedure.42.A method for communication, performed by a gateway, comprising:receiving (1830) a second indication message, wherein the second indication message indicates multiple first actions involved in a procedure, multiple services associated with the multiple first actions, and an order of the multiple first actions; andtransmitting (1841 or 1844) multiple fifth indication messages to multiple second network functions deployed in the multiple services based on the order, wherein each of the fifth indication message indicates corresponding first action (s) .43.The method according to claim 42, wherein each of the multiple services is associated with at least one action comprising first action (s) associated with a corresponding service.44.The method according to claim 42 or 43, wherein the method further comprises:receiving (1843 or 1846) multiple sixth indication messages from the multiple second network functions, wherein each of the multiple sixth indication messages indicates that corresponding first action (s) is performed.45.A method for communication, comprising:transmitting (810) , by a first network function, a first message to a customer, wherein the first message indicates at least one action associated with a first service;determining (820) , by the customer, one or more first actions among the at least one action associated with the first service; andloading (830) , by the customer, an application associated with the one or more first actions, wherein the application is responsible for an interaction between the customer and a network function corresponding to the first service.46.The method according to claim 45, wherein the transmitting (810) by a first network function a first message to a customer, comprises:transmitting, by multiple network functions corresponding to multiple services, multiple first messages to the customer, wherein the multiple services comprise the first service, and each of the multiple first messages indicates at least one action associated with a corresponding service; andbefore determining (820) by the customer the one or more first actions, and the method further comprises:determining (840) , by the customer, the first service among the multiple services.47.The method according to claim 45 or 46, wherein the method further comprises:updating or terminating, by the customer, the application.48.The method according to any one of claims 45 to 47, wherein any one of the at least one action is associated with at least one capability, the first message further indicates the at least one capability, and the method further comprises:determining (850) , by the customer, one or more first capabilities among the at least one capability associated with the one or more first actions;transmitting (860) , by the customer, a second message to the first network function, wherein the second message indicates the one or more first capabilities; andactivating (870) , by the first network function, the one or more first capabilities.49.A method for communication, comprising:transmitting (1310) , by a second network function, a first indication message to a first network function, wherein the first indication message indicates at least one action associated with a first service;determining (1320) , by the first network function, one or more first actions involved in a procedure among the at least one action;transmitting (1330) , by the first network function, a second indication message to the second network function, wherein the second indication message indicates the one or more first actions; andperforming (1340) , by the second network function, the one or more first actions.50.A method for communication, comprising:transmitting (1810) , by a second network function, a first indication message to a first network function, wherein the first indication message indicates at least one action associated with a first service;determining (1820) , by the first network function, one or more first actions involved in a procedure among the at least one action;transmitting (1830) , by the first network function, a second indication message to a gateway, wherein the second indication message indicates the one or more first actions;transmitting (1841 or 1844) , by the gateway, a fifth indication message to the second network function, wherein the fifth indication message indicates one or more first actions involved in a procedure among the at least one action; andperforming (1842 or 1845) , by the second network function, the one or more first actions.51.An apparatus, wherein the apparatus comprises a processor and a memory storing one or more instructions that is capable of being run on the processor, and when the one or more instructions are run, the apparatus is enabled to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or perform the method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, or perform the method according to any one of claims 11 to 24, or perform the method according to any one of claims 25 to 33, or perform the method according to claim 34 or 41, or perform the method according to any one of claims 42 to 44, or perform the method according any one of claims 45 to 48, or perform the method according claim 49, or perform the method according claim 50.52.An apparatus, wherein the apparatus comprises a function or unit to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or perform the method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, or perform the method according to any one of claims 11 to 24, or perform the method according to any one of claims 25 to 33, or perform the method according to claim 34 or 41, or perform the method according to any one of claims 42 to 44, or perform the method according any one of claims 45 to 48, or perform the method according claim 49, or perform the method according claim 50.53.A communications system, comprising a customer and a network function, wherein the customer performs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the network function performs the method according to any one of claims 7 to 10.54.The system according to claim 51, wherein the system further comprises one or more of: a first network function, a second network function and a gateway, wherein the first network function performs the method according to any one of claims 11 to 24, and the second network function performs the method according to any one of claims 25 to 33 or the method according to any one of claims 34 to 41, and the gateway performs the method according to any one of claims 42 to 44.55.A communications system, comprising a first network function and a second network function, wherein the first network function performs the method according to any one of claims 11 to 24, and the second network function performs the method according to any one of claims 25 to 33.56.The system according to claim 53, wherein the system further comprises a customer and a network function, wherein the customer performs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the network function performs the method according to any one of claims 7 to 10.57.A communications system, comprising a first network function, a second network function and a gateway, wherein the first network function performs the method according to any one of claims 11 to 24, and the second network function performs the method according to any one of claims 34 to 41, and the gateway performs the method according to any one of claims 42 to 44.58.The system according to claim 55, wherein the system further comprises a customer and a network function, wherein the customer performs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the network function performs the method according to any one of claims 7 to 10.59.A computer-readable storage medium, comprising one or more instructions, wherein when the one or more instructions are run on a computer, the computer performs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or perform the method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, or perform the method according to any one of claims 11 to 24, or perform the method according to any one of claims 25 to 33, or perform the method according to claim 34 or 41, or perform the method according to any one of claims 42 to 44, or perform the method according any one of claims 45 to 48, or perform the method according claim 49, or perform the method according claim 50.60.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instruction the instructions causing a processor in a device to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or perform the method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, or perform the method according to any one of claims 11 to 24, or perform the method according to any one of claims 25 to 33, or perform the method according to claim 34 or 41, or perform the method according to any one of claims 42 to 44, or perform the method according any one of claims 45 to 48, or perform the method according claim 49, or perform the method according claim 50.61.A device configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or perform the method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, or perform the method according to any one of claims 11 to 24, or perform the method according to any one of claims 25 to 33, or perform the method according to claim 34 or 41, or perform the method according to any one of claims 42 to 44, or perform the method according any one of claims 45 to 48, or perform the method according claim 49, or perform the method according claim 50.62.A processor, configured to execute instructions to cause a device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or perform the method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, or perform the method according to any one of claims 11 to 24, or perform the method according to any one of claims 25 to 33, or perform the method according to claim 34 or 41, or perform the method according to any one of claims 42 to 44, or perform the method according any one of claims 45 to 48, or perform the method according claim 49, or perform the method according claim 50.63.An integrated circuit configure to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or perform the method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, or perform the method according to any one of claims 11 to 24, or perform the method according to any one of claims 25 to 33, or perform the method according to claim 34 or 41, or perform the method according to any one of claims 42 to 44, or perform the method according any one of claims 45 to 48, or perform the method according claim 49, or perform the method according claim 50.
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