Dispersion composition

Abstract

To provide a dispersion composition capable of forming a coating film capable of exhibiting good adhesion to a base material and exhibiting coating film properties such as high-pressure car wash resistance and hot water resistance even when applied on a plastic base material. The dispersion composition contains component A: an acid-modified chlorinated polyolefin having a degree of chlorination of 17-23 wt% and a glass transition temperature of 0-10°C, component B: a nonionic surfactant, component C: a basic compound, and component D: an aqueous medium. The content of component B is 10 wt% or more when component A is taken to be 100 wt%.

Description

Dispersion composition

[0001] The present invention relates to a dispersion composition, and more particularly to a dispersion composition containing an acid-modified chlorinated polyolefin, which can exhibit good high-pressure car washability and water-resistant adhesion in warm water.

[0002] In order to reduce environmental impact and manufacturing costs, the materials used for automobile exterior panels are being replaced by plastic substrates, replacing the conventional steel sheets. The coating film formed on plastic exterior panels is now required to have the same coating performance as that previously required for coating films formed on steel exterior panels.

[0003] On the other hand, plastic substrates are generally non-polar substrates with low surface free energy, and paint adhesion is particularly difficult when the plastic substrate is crystalline. High water resistance is one of the performance requirements for coating films on automobile exterior panel parts. For reasons such as the need to be able to withstand accelerated tests for evaluating high-pressure car washability and the need to adapt to temperature changes in each season, coating films are required to be highly resistant not only to water at room temperature but also to hot water.

[0004] For example, Patent Document 1 describes that in an aqueous dispersion containing a modified polyolefin modified with a (meth)acrylic acid ester, when the glass transition temperature of the homopolymer of the (meth)acrylic acid ester is 50 to 90°C and the hydroxyl value X is 17 mgKOH / g or more and 50 mgKOH / g or less, the aqueous dispersion can exhibit good adhesion and resistance to warm water, and can be used as a paint or binder for plastic substrates of automobiles.

[0005] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2020-26487

[0006] However, coating films obtained using aqueous dispersions of resins modified with conventional (meth)acrylic acid esters, such as those described in Patent Document 1, may not exhibit the high level of adhesion and coating film properties required for coating films on exterior panels, and in particular may have insufficient high-pressure car washability.

[0007] An object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous dispersion composition which, when applied to a plastic substrate, can exhibit good adhesion to the substrate and can form a coating film which exhibits coating film properties such as high-pressure car washability and warm water resistance.

[0008] The present inventors have conducted extensive research to solve the above problems, and as a result, have found that by using a composition containing an acid-modified chlorinated polyolefin resin having predetermined physical properties in the form of a dispersion, it is possible to form a coating film that exhibits good adhesion and has coating film physical properties such as resistance to warm water and high-pressure car washability, and have completed the present invention.

[0009] That is, the present inventors provide the following. [1] A dispersion composition comprising: Component A: an acid-modified chlorinated polyolefin having a chlorination degree of 17 to 23% by weight and a glass transition temperature of 0 to 10°C; Component B: a nonionic surfactant; Component C: a basic compound; and Component D: an aqueous medium, wherein the content of Component B is 10% by weight or more when Component A is taken as 100% by weight. [2] The dispersion composition according to [1], wherein the acid-modified chlorinated polyolefin has a weight-average molecular weight of 100,000 to 150,000. [3] The dispersion composition according to [1] or [2], wherein the acid-modified chlorinated polyolefin has a softening point of 70 to 100°C. [4] The dispersion composition according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein Component B comprises a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether-based nonionic surfactant. [5] The dispersion composition according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein Component B comprises polyoxyethylene oleyl ether. [6] The dispersion composition according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein Component C contains a primary amine. [7] The dispersion composition according to any one of [1] to [6], further containing Component E: a glycol ether-based compound having a molecular weight of less than 200. [8] The dispersion composition according to any one of [1] to [7], which is a paint or a binder.

[0010] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a dispersion composition that can exhibit excellent adhesion (adhesion and adhesion), and when applied to a substrate such as a plastic substrate, can form a coating film that is resistant to warm water and high-pressure car washes.

[0011] The present invention will be described in detail below based on preferred embodiments thereof.

[0012] [1. Composition] The composition contains components A to D, and preferably further contains component E.

[0013] [1.1 Component A: Acid-Modified Chlorinated Polyolefin] Component A is an acid-modified chlorinated polyolefin. The acid-modified chlorinated polyolefin is a modified polyolefin obtained by subjecting a raw material polyolefin to a modification treatment including acid modification and chlorination. In this specification, a modified polyolefin obtained by a modification treatment including acid modification (whether or not chlorination is included) is referred to as an acid-modified polyolefin, and a modified polyolefin obtained by a modification treatment including chlorination (whether or not acid modification is included) is referred to as a chlorinated polyolefin.

[0014] (Polyolefin (raw material)) The polyolefin raw material is not particularly limited, and may be a homopolymer of one type of olefin or a copolymer of two or more types of olefins. Furthermore, in the case of a copolymer, it may be a random copolymer or a block copolymer. As the olefin, an α-olefin is preferably used. Examples of the α-olefin include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, and 1-octene. From the viewpoint of exhibiting sufficient adhesion to non-polar resin substrates such as polypropylene substrates, the polyolefin is preferably polypropylene (propylene homopolymer), ethylene-propylene copolymer, propylene-1-butene copolymer, or ethylene-propylene-1-butene copolymer, and more preferably ethylene-propylene copolymer.

[0015] In this specification, polypropylene refers to a polymer whose base units are structural units derived from propylene. Ethylene-propylene copolymer refers to a copolymer whose base units are structural units derived from ethylene and structural units derived from propylene. Propylene-1-butene copolymer refers to a copolymer whose base units are structural units derived from propylene and structural units derived from 1-butene. These polymers may contain small amounts of structural units derived from other olefins other than the above-mentioned base units. This content may be an amount that does not significantly impair the inherent performance of the resin. Such structural units derived from other olefins may be mixed in, for example, during the process leading up to the production of the modified polyolefin resin.

[0016] The polyolefin preferably contains 60 mol % or more of propylene-derived structural units out of 100 mol % of structural units. When the propylene-derived structural units are contained in this range, adhesion to substrates or molded articles such as non-polar resins (e.g., propylene resins) can be ensured.

[0017] The ethylene-propylene copolymer and propylene-butene copolymer may be either a random copolymer or a block copolymer. These copolymers preferably contain 5 to 50 mol % of ethylene-derived structural units or butene-derived structural units, and 50 to 95 mol % of propylene-derived structural units, based on 100 mol % of structural units.

[0018] (Method for producing polyolefins) Examples of methods for producing polyolefins include methods using polymerization catalysts such as Ziegler-Natta catalysts and metallocene catalysts, and methods using metallocene catalysts are preferred. Polyolefins obtained using metallocene catalysts usually have narrow molecular weight distributions. Furthermore, when the polyolefin is a copolymer, it usually has excellent random copolymerization properties, a narrow composition distribution, and a wide range of comonomers that can be copolymerized.

[0019] Known metallocene catalysts can be used. The metallocene catalyst is preferably obtained by combining the following components (1) and (2), and, if necessary, (3): Component (1): a metallocene complex that is a transition metal compound of Groups 4 to 6 of the periodic table having at least one conjugated five-membered ring ligand; Component (2): an ion-exchange layered silicate; and Component (3): an organoaluminum compound.

[0020] (Melting Point of Polyolefin) The melting point of the polyolefin is preferably 80°C or higher and 150°C or lower, and more preferably 85°C or higher and 140°C or lower.

[0021] (Weight-average molecular weight of polyolefin) The weight-average molecular weight of the polyolefin is 70,000 or more and less than 500,000, and preferably 80,000 or more and less than 400,000. In this specification, the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) can be measured by GPC using polystyrene as a standard substance.

[0022] The polyolefin may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds. In the case of a combination of two or more kinds, the weight ratio of each compound is not particularly limited.

[0023] (Acid Modification (Introduction of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acid or Derivative Thereof)) The acid modification can be achieved by introducing an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof (graft modification). Examples of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof include maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, citraconic anhydride, mesaconic acid, itaconic acid, itaconic anhydride, aconitic acid, aconitic anhydride, himic anhydride, (meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrylic acid esters, N-methyl(meth)acrylamide, hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylamide, (meth)acryloylmorpholine, and combinations of two or more selected from these. Among these, α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydrides and (meth)acrylic acid esters are preferred, and maleic anhydride is more preferred.

[0024] The α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid and its derivative may be one or more types, and may be a combination of one or more types of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid and one or more types of derivative thereof, a combination of two or more types of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid, or a combination of two or more types of derivatives of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid. In the case of a combination of two or more types, the weight ratio of each type is not particularly limited.

[0025] (Degree of Acid Modification (Amount of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acid and Its Derivatives Introduced)) The degree of acid modification represents the amount of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid and its derivatives introduced (graft weight). The degree of acid modification is preferably 0.1 wt % or more, and more preferably 0.5 wt % or more, relative to 100 wt % of unmodified polyolefin. A graft weight of 0.1 wt % or more allows the dispersion composition to maintain adhesion to the substrate. The upper limit is preferably 10 wt % or less, more preferably 8 wt % or less, and even more preferably 4 wt % or less. This prevents the generation of unreacted grafted material, and allows sufficient adhesion to the substrate to be obtained. Therefore, the amount of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid and its derivatives introduced is preferably 0.1 to 10 wt %, more preferably 0.1 to 8 wt %, and even more preferably 0.5 to 4 wt %. The amount of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid or its derivative introduced (graft weight) can be measured by alkali titration or Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

[0026] (Acid Modification Method) The acid modification method is not particularly limited as long as it can introduce an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof into a polyolefin or a chlorinated polyolefin (preferably a polyolefin), and examples thereof include a melting method and a solution method. The melting method has the advantage of being simple to operate and capable of completing the reaction in a short time. The solution method can produce a uniform graft polymer with few side reactions. The melting method is a method in which raw materials containing a polyolefin and an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof are heated and melted in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator to react with the α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof. The temperature for heat melting may be equal to or higher than the melting point, and is preferably equal to or higher than the melting point and 300°C or lower. Equipment such as a Banbury mixer, kneader, or extruder can be used for heat melting. The solution method is a method in which raw materials containing a polyolefin α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof are dissolved in an organic solvent and then heated and stirred in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator to cause a reaction. Examples of organic solvents include aromatic solvents such as toluene and xylene. The reaction temperature is preferably 100 to 180° C. When two or more compounds which are α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof are used, they may be added to the reaction system all at once or successively.

[0027] The radical reaction initiator may be, for example, a thermal polymerization initiator that generates free radicals upon heating, such as organic peroxide compounds and azonitriles. Examples of the organic peroxide compounds include di-tert-butyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, tert-butylcumyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, benzoyl m-tolyl peroxide, di(m-tolyl)benzoyl, dilauryl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane, cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,5,5-trimethyl Examples of the azonitriles include cyclohexane, 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane, cyclohexanone peroxide, tert-butylperoxybenzoate, tert-butylperoxyisobutyrate, tert-butylperoxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate, tert-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, tert-butylperoxyisopropyl carbonate, tert-butylperoxyoctoate, cumylperoxyoctoate, etc. Examples of the azonitriles include 2,2-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), etc.

[0028] (Chlorination) Chlorination can be performed by a method capable of introducing chlorine into polyolefin or acid-modified polyolefin (preferably into acid-modified polyolefin). For the introduction of chlorine, the polyolefin or acid-modified polyolefin may be dissolved in a chlorine-based solvent such as chloroform beforehand. The introduction of chlorine is typically carried out by blowing chlorine gas into the reaction system. The blowing of chlorine gas may be carried out under ultraviolet irradiation, or in the presence or absence of a radical reaction initiator. The pressure during blowing of chlorine gas is not limited, and may be normal pressure or pressurized pressure. The temperature during blowing of chlorine gas is not particularly limited, but is typically 50 to 140°C. Examples of radical reaction initiators include those exemplified as radical polymerization initiators that can be used during acid modification. The amount of radical reaction initiator used in chlorination is preferably 0.001 to 1% by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 0.1% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the raw material resin. After the introduction of chlorine, the chlorine-containing solvent in the system is usually distilled off under reduced pressure or replaced with an organic solvent.

[0029] (Degree of Chlorination (Amount of Chlorine Introduction)) The degree of chlorination of an acid-modified chlorinated polyolefin represents the chlorine content (amount of chlorine grafted) relative to the polyolefin (including acid-modified polyolefin) before chlorination. The degree of chlorination is 17% by weight or more, preferably 18% by weight or more, 19% by weight or more, or 20% by weight or more. The upper limit is 23% by weight or less, preferably 22% by weight or less. When the degree of chlorination is within the above range, good adhesion to the substrate can be obtained. The degree of chlorination can be measured based on JIS-K7229. That is, it can be measured using the "oxygen flask combustion method" in which chlorinated polyolefin is burned in an oxygen atmosphere, the generated gaseous chlorine is absorbed with water, and the amount is quantified by titration. The degree of chlorination can be adjusted, for example, by the type of polyolefin resin, the scale of the chlorination reaction, the reaction apparatus used for chlorination, the amount of chlorine gas blown in, and the time.

[0030] (Order of Acid Modification and Chlorination) In the method for producing an acid-modified chlorinated polyolefin, the order of acid modification and chlorination is not particularly limited, and an acid-modified polyolefin may be chlorinated, or a chlorinated polyolefin may be acid-modified, but the former is preferred.

[0031] (Other Modifications) The acid-modified chlorinated polyolefin may be modified by any known method other than acid modification or chlorination.

[0032] (Glass Transition Temperature of Acid-Modified Chlorinated Polyolefin) The glass transition temperature Tg of the acid-modified chlorinated polyolefin is 0°C or higher, preferably 1°C or higher, 2°C or higher, 3°C or higher, or 4°C or higher, and more preferably 5°C or higher. This improves the adhesion of the coating film to the substrate after immersion in warm water, and the warm water resistance of the coating film can be improved. The upper limit is 10°C or lower. This imparts appropriate flexibility to the coating film, improving the adhesion of the coating film to the substrate. Therefore, Tg is 0 to 10°C, preferably 1 to 10°C, 2 to 10°C, 3 to 10°C, 4 to 10°C, and more preferably 5 to 10°C. In this specification, the glass transition temperature can be measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC measuring device) in accordance with JIS-K7121-1987.

[0033] (Weight-Average Molecular Weight of Acid-Modified Chlorinated Polyolefin) The lower limit of the weight-average molecular weight of the acid-modified chlorinated polyolefin is preferably 100,000 or more, more preferably 110,000 or more, and even more preferably 120,000 or more. This can improve the cohesive force of the resulting dispersion composition and allow it to exhibit adhesion to the substrate. The upper limit is preferably 150,000 or less, more preferably 140,000 or less, and even more preferably 130,000 or less. This can improve the compatibility of the resulting dispersion composition with other resins and its solubility in solvents. Therefore, the weight-average molecular weight is preferably 100,000 to 150,000, more preferably 110,000 to 140,000, and even more preferably 120,000 to 130,000.

[0034] (Softening Point of Acid-Modified Chlorinated Polyolefin) The softening point of the acid-modified chlorinated polyolefin is preferably 70°C or higher, more preferably 80°C or higher. This can suppress blocking when solidified. The upper limit is preferably 100°C or lower, more preferably 95°C or lower. This can exhibit good low-temperature adhesion. In this specification, the softening point can be measured by the method in the Examples.

[0035] Component A may be a single acid-modified chlorinated polyolefin, or a combination of two or more acid-modified chlorinated polyolefins differing in structure, production method, etc. In the case of a combination of two or more, the weight ratio of each is not particularly limited.

[0036] [1.2 Component B: Nonionic Surfactant] Component B is a nonionic surfactant. By including Component B in the composition, the composition can function as an emulsifier and can enhance the dispersibility of Component A in Component D (aqueous medium). In addition, the composition can improve the water resistance of the coating film, and can further enhance high-pressure car washability and warm water resistance.

[0037] Examples of nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene derivatives, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene propylene polyols, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyalkylene polycyclic phenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylamines, alkyl alkanolamides, and polyalkylene glycol (meth)acrylates, of which polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, and polyoxyethylene alkylamines are preferred, and polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers and polyoxyethylene alkylamines are more preferred.

[0038] Examples of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers having an alkyl group having 10 to 30, preferably 12 to 25, carbon atoms, such as polyoxyethylene myristyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene cetyl ether, polyoxyethylene behenyl ether, and polyoxyethylene octyldodecyl ether, and preferred is polyoxyethylene oleyl ether.

[0039] Component B may be a single nonionic surfactant or a combination of two or more nonionic surfactants. In the case of a combination of two or more nonionic surfactants, the weight ratio of each surfactant is not particularly limited.

[0040] The content of component B in the composition is typically 10% by weight or more, preferably 15% by weight or more, and more preferably 20% by weight or more, relative to 100% by weight of the content of component A. This increases the solubility of component A, reduces the particle size contained in the composition, improves stability, and enhances adhesion to substrates and coating film physical properties. The upper limit is typically 30% by weight or less, preferably 25% by weight or less. This reduces the plasticity of the coating film and surfactant bleeding, and can prevent coating film blocking. The content of component B is typically the same as the amount of component C added when producing the composition.

[0041] [1.3 Component C: Basic Compound] Component C is a basic compound. By including Component C in the composition, the pH of the composition can be appropriately adjusted, and the dispersibility and storage stability of Component A (acid-modified chlorinated polyolefin) in Component D (aqueous medium) can be further improved.

[0042] Examples of basic compounds include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, methylamine, propylamine, hexylamine, octylamine, ethanolamine, propanolamine, diethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, N,N-dimethylethanolamine, 2-dimethylamino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, morpholine, dimethylethanolamine, and 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol. Preferred are primary amines such as methylamine, propylamine, hexylamine, octylamine, ethanolamine, propanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), and 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, with AMP being preferred.

[0043] Component C may be a basic compound of one kind alone or a combination of two or more kinds. In the case of a combination of two or more kinds, the weight ratio of each kind is not particularly limited.

[0044] The content of component C in the composition is not particularly specified, but is usually 1.0 wt% or more, preferably 2.0 wt% or more, and more preferably 3.0 wt% or more, relative to 100 wt% of the content of component A. This allows the pH of the composition to be maintained within an appropriate range. The upper limit is preferably 3.0 times the equivalent of the carboxyl groups in the acid-modified chlorinated polyolefin, which is component A. The content of component C is usually the same as the amount of component C added during the production of the composition.

[0045] The pH of the composition is preferably 5 or higher, more preferably 6 or higher. This can improve the dispersibility of component A in component D, suppress the occurrence of precipitation and separation, and maintain storage stability. The upper limit is usually 11 or lower. This makes it possible to appropriately maintain the compatibility of component C with other components and operational safety. Therefore, the pH of the composition is preferably 5 or higher, more preferably 6 to 11. The content of component C is preferably an amount such that the pH of the composition falls within the above range.

[0046] [1.4 Component D: Aqueous Medium] Component D is an aqueous medium. The aqueous medium is a dispersion medium for the composition. Examples of the aqueous medium include water and hydrophilic substances. Examples of the hydrophilic substance include alcohol-based, ketone-based, and ester-based hydrophilic substances, and methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and acetone are preferred.

[0047] Component D may be a single aqueous medium or a combination of two or more aqueous media, and preferably contains at least water. In the case of a combination of two or more aqueous media, the weight ratio of each is not particularly limited.

[0048] The content of component D in the composition can be expressed in terms of the solids content of the composition. The solids content of the composition is preferably 1% by weight or more, more preferably 5% by weight or more, even more preferably 10% by weight or more, and even more preferably 15% by weight or more. The upper limit is preferably 70% by weight or less, more preferably 60% by weight or less, even more preferably 50% by weight or less, and even more preferably 40% by weight or less. Therefore, the content is preferably 5% by weight to 60% by weight, more preferably 10% by weight to 50% by weight, and even more preferably 15% by weight to 40% by weight. This can improve stability over time.

[0049] [1.5 Component E: Glycol Ether Compound] Component E is a glycol ether compound. When the composition contains Component E, it can function as an emulsifying aid, promote the emulsifying action of Component B, and improve the stability of the composition and the coating film performance.

[0050] The molecular weight of the glycol ether compound is usually less than 200, preferably 190 or less, 180 or less, 170 or less, 160 or less, or 150 or less. This allows the compound to better function as an emulsifier. In this specification, the molecular weight of the glycol ether compound is the molecular weight determined from the relative atomic mass (assuming 12C=12) approved by the IUPAC Atomic Weights Commission.

[0051] Glycol ether compounds are generally compounds having a structure in which a hydrogen atom in one hydroxy group of glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, or butylene glycol is substituted with an alkyl group. For example, a compound represented by the following general formula (I) is preferred. The compound represented by general formula (I) has a hydrophobic group and a hydrophilic group in one molecule, which can further enhance the dispersibility of component A and contribute to the storage stability of the composition. ａ H ２ａ＋１ -O-(C ｂ H ２ｂ O) ｃ H... (I) In general formula (I), a to c are each independently an integer. a is usually an integer of 10 or less, preferably 8 or less, 7 or less, 6 or less, 5 or less, or 4 or less. The lower limit of a is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1 or more. b is usually 5 or less, 4 or less, or 3 or less. The lower limit of b is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 2 or more. c is usually 5 or less, preferably 4 or less, 3 or less, or 2 or less. The lower limit of c is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1 or more.

[0052] Examples of the compound represented by general formula (I) include ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (butyl cellosolve), ethylene glycol monoisobutyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, ethylene glycol monodecyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, etc. Among these, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (butyl cellosolve), ethylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and propylene glycol monopropyl ether are preferred, and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (butyl cellosolve) is more preferred.

[0053] Component E may be a glycol ether compound of one kind alone or a combination of two or more kinds. In the case of a combination of two or more kinds, the weight ratio of each kind is not particularly limited.

[0054] The content of component E in the composition is usually 2.0% by weight or less, with no particular lower limit.

[0055] [1.6 Other Components] The composition may contain, as necessary, components other than the above-described Components A to E. Examples of such components include stabilizers, crosslinking agents, diluents, curing agents, resin components other than Component A, emulsifiers other than Component B, other additive components (e.g., lower alcohols, lower ketones, lower esters, preservatives, leveling agents, antioxidants, light stabilizers, UV absorbers, dyes, pigments, metal salts, acids), and unreacted raw materials (e.g., α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, polyolefins, chlorine).

[0056] (Stabilizer) Examples of the stabilizer include epoxy-based stabilizers (compounds containing an epoxy group), etc. Examples of the epoxy-based stabilizer include epoxy compounds having an epoxy equivalent of about 100 to 500 and containing one or more epoxy groups per molecule. More specifically, examples of the epoxy compound include epoxidized soybean oil and epoxidized linseed oil obtained by epoxidizing vegetable oils having natural unsaturated groups with a peracid such as peracetic acid; epoxidized fatty acid esters obtained by epoxidizing unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, tall oil fatty acid, and soybean oil fatty acid; epoxidized alicyclic compounds typified by epoxidized tetrahydrophthalate; monoepoxy compounds typified by condensation of bisphenol A or polyhydric alcohol with epichlorohydrin, such as bisphenol A glycidyl ether, ethylene glycol glycidyl ether, propylene glycol glycidyl ether, glycerol polyglycidyl ether, and sorbitol polyglycidyl ether; and butyl glycidyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, decyl glycidyl ether, stearyl glycidyl ether, allyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, sec-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, tert-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, and phenol polyethylene oxide glycidyl ether.

[0057] The stabilizer may be a compound that does not contain an epoxy group, and examples thereof include metal soaps such as calcium stearate and lead stearate; organometallic compounds such as dibutyltin dilaurate and dibutyl maleate; hydrotalcite compounds; and oxetane compounds.

[0058] (Other Resin Components) Examples of resin components other than Component A include urethane resins, epoxy resins, acrylic resins, phenolic resins, alkyd resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, silicone resins, and soluble nitrocellulose, as well as combinations of two or more of these. These resins may be incorporated into the composition as aqueous products (e.g., aqueous acrylic resins, aqueous polyurethane resins). The ratio of the content of Component A to the other resin components (total amount when two or more other resins are used) is, in terms of solids, Component A:other resin components = 1 to 99:99 to 1, preferably 10 to 90:90 to 10, more preferably 20 to 80:80 to 20, and even more preferably 30 to 70:70 to 30.

[0059] Examples of crosslinking agents include blocked isocyanate compounds, aliphatic or aromatic epoxy compounds, amine compounds, and amino resins. The addition of a crosslinking agent reacts with groups such as hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, and amino groups contained in components constituting the composition, such as components A to C, to form a crosslinked structure.

[0060] [1.7 Physical Properties of the Composition] The composition is in the form of a dispersion in which solid components such as components A to C are dispersed in component D. (Average Particle Diameter) In the composition, solid components such as component A are usually present as particles dispersed in component D. The average particle diameter of the particles is preferably 300 nm or less, more preferably 200 nm or less. If the average particle diameter is 300 nm or less, the storage stability and compatibility of the composition can be maintained, but if the average particle diameter exceeds 300 nm, adhesion to the substrate and coating film properties may be reduced. The average particle diameter can be adjusted by the content and type of each component in the composition and the dispersion conditions (e.g., stirring force, stirring time) when preparing the composition. The average particle diameter can be obtained by particle size distribution measurement using a light diffusion method.

[0061] [2. Method for Producing Composition] The method for producing the composition is not particularly limited. For example, a method including at least a dispersion step of adding and mixing components A to D and dispersing component A in component D can be used. Each component may be added all at once or sequentially. However, it is preferable to add components A and B to the system, then add component C, and then add component D last. According to one embodiment, a method is used in which components A and B, together with a stabilizer as needed, are dissolved (preferably under heating) in an organic solvent (e.g., an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, or ethylbenzene), followed by adding component C, and then adding component D (preferably warm water). The added organic solvent can be distilled off after the addition of component D. When the composition contains another resin component, the resin component is preferably blended after the dispersion step. For example, after the dispersion step, a resin component blending step may be performed in which the resin component is blended and the solids content is adjusted as needed (e.g., by adding a dispersion medium to dilute).

[0062] [3. Uses of the Composition] The composition has good adhesion to substrates that are difficult to coat with paints, etc., such as non-polar plastic substrates (e.g., polyolefin substrates such as polypropylene, and ABS substrates), and can form coating films that are excellent in hot water resistance. Therefore, the composition can be used as paints, inks, adhesives, and binders therefor, and is particularly useful as a coating material (e.g., paints, binders) for automobiles.

[0063] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples. The following examples are provided to better illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Physical property values ​​were measured by the methods described below unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise specified, parts and percentages represent parts by weight and percentages by weight, and numerical ranges are expressed as including their endpoints.

[0064] [Methods for measuring physical properties] The graft amount of acid component, degree of chlorination (graft amount of chlorine), glass transition temperature, weight average molecular weight (Mw), and softening point were measured using acid-modified chlorinated polyolefin. Details of the measurement methods are shown below.

[0065] (Degree of Acid Modification (% by Weight)) Measurement was carried out using an alkali titration method in accordance with JIS-K0070:1992, and calculation was performed.

[0066] (Degree of chlorination (wt %)) Measurement was carried out according to the method of JIS-K7229:1995.

[0067] (Glass Transition Temperature (°C)) Approximately 5 g of a sample sealed in an AL pan (manufactured by TA Instruments Co., Ltd.) was placed in a DSC measurement device (TA Instruments Co., Ltd., DISCOVERY DSC2500), cooled to -50°C at -10°C / min, and then held for 5 minutes. Next, the temperature was raised to 150°C at 10°C / min, and then held for 5 minutes. This cooling and heating cycle was repeated twice to obtain a DSC curve. Next, in accordance with JIS-K7121-1987, an extension line (Line 1) was drawn on the low-temperature side of the baseline of the DSC curve, and an extension line (Line 2) was drawn on the high-temperature side of the baseline. Furthermore, a line (Line 3) parallel to the two lines was drawn midway between Lines 1 and 2, and the temperature at the intersection of the stepwise change curve of the glass transition and Line 3 was taken as the glass transition temperature (°C) of the sample.

[0068] (Weight-average molecular weight (Mw)) The resins produced in the Production Examples were measured by GPC under the following conditions. Apparatus: HLC-8320GPC (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) Column: TSK-gel G-6000HXL, G-5000HXL, G-4000HXL, G-3000HXL, G-2000HXL (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) Eluent: tetrahydrofuran Flow rate: 1 mL / min Temperature: pump oven, column oven 40°C Injection volume: 100 μL Standard substance: polystyrene EasiCal PS-1 (manufactured by Agilent Technology, Inc.)

[0069] [Softening point (°C)] A resin piece obtained by drying a sample at 40°C was heated at 3.5°C per minute on a temperature-controlled stage, and the change in shape of the sample (melted state) was observed under a microscope. The temperature at which the sample started to melt and then completely melted was evaluated as the softening point.

[0070] [Tm (melting point, °C)]: In accordance with JIS K7121-1987, a DSC measurement device (manufactured by TA Instruments) was used to heat and melt approximately 5 mg of a sample at 150°C for 10 minutes. The sample was then cooled at a rate of 10°C / min and stably held at -50°C. The sample was then heated to 150°C at a rate of 10°C / min, and the peak melting temperature upon melting was taken as Tm.

[0071] [Production Example 1: Acid-modified chlorinated propylene-ethylene copolymer a] (1) Maleation 100 parts of a polyolefin resin (propylene-ethylene copolymer, 97.0 mol% propylene units, 3.0 mol% ethylene units, Tm = 125°C, weight average molecular weight 315,000) having a melt mass flow rate of 0.24 g / min (measured in accordance with JIS K7210-1), 2.5 parts of maleic anhydride, and 0.5 parts of di-tert-butyl peroxide were premixed in a mixer and heated and kneaded at 175°C in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder to obtain an acid-modified propylene-ethylene copolymer. The graft weight of maleic anhydride in the obtained acid-modified propylene-ethylene copolymer was 1.2 wt%, and the Tm was 122°C (Table 1).

[0072] (2) Chlorination 1,200 kg of the acid-modified propylene-ethylene copolymer obtained in the above-mentioned maleation reaction was placed in a glass-lined reaction vessel, and 8,700 L of chloroform was added. After sufficient dissolution at a temperature of 115°C under a pressure of 0.4 MPa, 1,160 g of the radical reaction initiator tert-butyl peroxyoctoate was added. The chlorination reaction was carried out by blowing gaseous chlorine into the reaction vessel while controlling the pressure inside the vessel at 0.4 MPa, thereby obtaining a reaction liquid containing a chlorinated acid-modified propylene-ethylene copolymer with a chlorination degree of 20.0%. Next, an epoxy compound was added as a stabilizer, and the chloroform was removed using a vented twin-screw extruder equipped with a vent port for distilling off the reaction solvent under reduced pressure. The resulting composition was extruded into a strand shape and cooled with water. The mixture was then pelletized using a water-cooled pelletizer to obtain acid-modified chlorinated propylene-ethylene copolymer a (solid). The copolymer a obtained was analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC; HLC8320GPC, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation). As a result, it was found that the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 130,000, the glass transition temperature was 5°C, and the softening point was 80 to 95°C (Table 1).

[0073] [Production Example 2: Production of Acid-Modified Chlorinated Propylene-Ethylene Copolymer b] A reaction solution containing a chlorinated acid-modified propylene-ethylene copolymer (Component A) with a chlorination degree of 22.0 wt% was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1, except that the chlorine blowing time (blowing amount) was extended compared to Production Example 1. Next, an epoxy compound was added as a stabilizer, and chloroform was removed using a vented twin-screw extruder equipped with a vent port for distilling off the reaction solvent under reduced pressure. The resulting composition was extruded into a strand shape and cooled with water. It was then pelletized using a water-cooled pelletizer to obtain Acid-Modified Chlorinated Propylene-Ethylene Copolymer b (solid). The resulting copolymer b was analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC; HLC8320GPC, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation). The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) was 130,000, the glass transition temperature was 10°C, and the softening point was 70 to 85°C.

[0074] [Production Example 3: Production of Acid-Modified Chlorinated Propylene-Ethylene Copolymer c] A reaction solution containing a chlorinated acid-modified propylene-ethylene copolymer (Component A) with a chlorination degree of 15.5 wt% was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1, except that the chlorine blowing time (blowing amount) was shortened compared to Production Example 1. Next, an epoxy compound was added as a stabilizer, and chloroform was removed using a vented twin-screw extruder equipped with a vent port for distilling off the reaction solvent under reduced pressure. The resulting composition was extruded into a strand shape and cooled with water. It was then pelletized using a water-cooled pelletizer to obtain Acid-Modified Chlorinated Propylene-Ethylene Copolymer c (solid). The resulting copolymer c was analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC; HLC8320GPC, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation). The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) was 130,000, the glass transition temperature was 0°C, and the softening point was 90 to 100°C (Table 1).

[0075] [Production Example 4: Production of Acid-Modified Chlorinated Propylene-Ethylene Copolymer d] (1) Maleation 100 parts of a polyolefin resin (propylene-ethylene copolymer, 97.0 mol% propylene units, 3.0 mol% ethylene units, Tm = 125°C, weight average molecular weight 315,000) having a melt mass flow rate of 0.24 g / min (measured in accordance with JIS K7210-1), 4.0 parts of maleic anhydride, and 3.0 parts of di-tert-butyl peroxide were premixed in a mixer and heated and kneaded at 200 to 210°C in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder to obtain an acid-modified propylene-ethylene copolymer. The graft weight of maleic anhydride in the obtained acid-modified propylene-ethylene copolymer was 2.5 wt%, and the Tm was 122°C (Table 1). (2) Chlorination 1,350 kg of the acid-modified propylene-ethylene copolymer obtained in the above-mentioned maleation reaction was placed in a glass-lined reaction vessel, and 9,000 L of chloroform was added. After sufficient dissolution at a temperature of 115°C under a pressure of 0.4 MPa, 1,310 g of the radical reaction initiator tert-butyl peroxyoctoate was added. While controlling the pressure inside the vessel at 0.4 MPa, gaseous chlorine was blown into the reaction vessel to carry out a chlorination reaction, thereby obtaining a reaction liquid containing a chlorinated acid-modified propylene-ethylene copolymer with a chlorination degree of 25.0%. Next, the reaction liquid was concentrated by distillation under reduced pressure using an evaporator, and an epoxy compound was added as a stabilizer. Thereafter, distillation under reduced pressure was carried out while adding toluene to the concentrated liquid, and when the recovered solvent reached a predetermined specific gravity, the solvent substitution was stopped. Toluene, cyclohexane, and 1-butanol were added to the resulting substituted solution to prepare a predetermined solvent composition (toluene / cyclohexane / 1-butanol = 89.9 / 10 / 0.1), yielding acid-modified chlorinated propylene-ethylene copolymer c (20.0% solution). Analysis of copolymer c by gel permeation chromatography (GPC; HLC8320GPC, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) revealed that it had a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 80,000, a glass transition temperature of 15°C, and a softening point of 65-75°C (Table 1).

[0076]

[0077] Example 1 Into a 3-L four-neck flask equipped with a stirrer, a condenser, and a dropping funnel, 200 g of Component A (acid-modified chlorinated propylene-ethylene copolymer a) obtained in Production Example 1, 42 g of Component B (nonionic surfactant (polyoxyethylene oleyl ether)), 7 g of stabilizer Denacol EX-146 (para-tert-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation) (3.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of Component A), and 150 g of toluene were added and kneaded for 40 minutes at 100° C. Next, 3.4 g of Component C (basic compound 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol 90% aqueous solution) (AMP-90, manufactured by Dow Chemical Co.) was added and maintained for 30 minutes, after which 90° C. Component D (hot water) was added over approximately 2 hours. Thereafter, the mixture was subjected to a reduced pressure treatment to remove toluene, and then cooled to room temperature while stirring to obtain an aqueous dispersion 1 of acid-modified chlorinated propylene-ethylene copolymer a.

[0078] [Example 2] The same operation as in Example 1 was carried out, except that in addition to Components A to C used in the emulsification step, 16 g of Component E: butyl cellosolve was added together with toluene, to obtain an aqueous dispersion 2 of acid-modified chlorinated propylene-ethylene copolymer a.

[0079] [Example 3] Component B used in the emulsification step was changed to 20 g of a nonionic surfactant (polyoxyethylene alkyl ether), 5.6 g of component C, 100 g of toluene, and 100 g of component E. After adding component D, the mixture was cooled to 40°C. Except for this, the same operation as in Example 1 was carried out to obtain an aqueous dispersion 3 of acid-modified chlorinated propylene-ethylene copolymer a of Example 3.

[0080] [Example 4] Component B used in the emulsification step was changed to 42 g of a nonionic surfactant (polyoxyethylene oleylamine), 5.6 g of component C, 120 g of toluene, and 30 g of component E. Component B was added at 80°C after adding component C and maintaining for 30 minutes. Other than that, the same operation as in Example 1 was carried out to obtain aqueous dispersion 4 of acid-modified chlorinated propylene-ethylene copolymer a of Example 4.

[0081] [Example 5] Component B used in the emulsification step was changed to 30 g of a nonionic surfactant (polyoxyethylene oleylamine), 5.6 g of component C, 120 g of toluene, and 70 g of component E. Component B was added at 80°C after adding component C and holding for 30 minutes. After adding component D, the mixture was cooled to 40°C. Other than that, the same operations as in Example 1 were carried out to obtain an aqueous dispersion 5 of acid-modified chlorinated propylene-ethylene copolymer a of Example 5.

[0082] [Example 6] Component A used in the emulsification step was changed to the acid-modified chlorinated propylene-ethylene copolymer b obtained in Production Example 2, and further changed to 5.6 g of component C, 120 g of toluene, and 70 g of component E. After the addition of component D, a cooling treatment was carried out to 40°C. Except for this, the same operation as in Example 1 was carried out to obtain an aqueous dispersion 6 of acid-modified chlorinated propylene-ethylene copolymer b of Example 6.

[0083] Comparative Example 1 The same operation as in Example 1 was carried out, except that the component A used in the emulsification step was changed to the acid-modified chlorinated propylene-ethylene copolymer c obtained in Production Example 3, to obtain an aqueous dispersion 7 of the acid-modified chlorinated propylene-ethylene copolymer c.

[0084] [Comparative Example 2] The component A used in the emulsification step was changed to 600 g of acid-modified chlorinated propylene-ethylene copolymer d (20.0% solution), and the mixture was subjected to reduced pressure treatment at a temperature of 100 ° C. to remove solvents such as toluene. Thereafter, 25.2 g of component B: nonionic surfactant (polyoxyethylene oleyl ether), 4.2 g of stabilizer Denacol EX-146 (3.5 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of component A), 72 g of toluene, and 24 g of component E were added and kneaded at 100 ° C. for 40 minutes. Next, 4.8 g of component C was added and held for 30 minutes, after which component D at 90 ° C. was added over approximately 2 hours. Thereafter, reduced pressure treatment was performed to remove toluene and component E, and the mixture was cooled to room temperature while stirring to obtain aqueous dispersion 8 of acid-modified chlorinated propylene-ethylene copolymer d.

[0085] The following tests were carried out using the aqueous dispersions 1 to 8 obtained in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0086] In order to easily evaluate high-pressure car washability, a cross-cut peel test was conducted in which diagonal cuts were made immediately after heating (hereinafter referred to as the diagonal cross-cut peel test), which is a more severe test than the usual cross-cut peel test.

[0087] [Evaluation of Diagonal Cross-Cut Peel Test (High-Pressure Car Washability)] (Preparation of Test Plate) The surface of an ultra-high-rigidity polypropylene plate was degreased with isopropyl alcohol, and the aqueous dispersion compositions obtained in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were applied using an air-type spray gun to a dry film thickness of approximately 10±3 μm, and the plate was preheated at 80°C for 3 minutes. Next, a solvent-based base coat paint was applied to a dry film thickness of approximately 20 μm and allowed to stand at room temperature for approximately 10 minutes. After that, an acrylic urethane solvent-based clear paint was applied to a dry film thickness of approximately 25 to 30 μm and allowed to stand at room temperature for approximately 10 minutes. Thereafter, the plate was baked at 100°C for 30 minutes and allowed to stand at room temperature for 72 hours to prepare a test plate.

[0088] The test plate was immersed in 60°C warm water for 30 minutes and then removed. Immediately thereafter, 25 grid-like cuts were made at 2mm intervals with a cutter knife at a 45° angle to the coating film, reaching the surface of the coating film. Cellophane adhesive tape was adhered onto the cuts and peeled off 10 times at 180°, and the peeling state of the coating film was evaluated according to the following criteria: ◎: No peeling at any of the grid squares ○: Slight peeling at the cut areas △: Slight peeling at the cut areas with chipped corners ×: Peeling occurred at the grid squares

[0089] [Evaluation of Hot Water Resistance Test] (Preparation of Test Plate) The surface of an ultra-high rigidity polypropylene plate was degreased with isopropyl alcohol, and a mixture of the aqueous dispersion composition obtained in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and a urethane emulsion (UWS-145, manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.) at a blending ratio (by weight%) of 1:1 was applied using an air spray gun so that the dry film thickness was approximately 10±3 μm, and the plate was preheated at 80 ° C. for 3 minutes. Next, a solvent-based base coat paint was applied so that the dry film thickness was approximately 20 μm, and the plate was left to stand at room temperature for approximately 10 minutes. After that, an acrylic urethane solvent-based clear paint was applied so that the dry film thickness was approximately 25 to 30 μm, and the plate was left to stand at room temperature for approximately 10 minutes. Thereafter, the plate was baked at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes and left to stand at room temperature for 72 hours to prepare a test plate.

[0090] The prepared test plate was immersed in hot water at 60°C for 10 days, then immersed in water at 23°C for 1 hour, after which the swelling state (blistering) of the coating film was visually observed. Then, 100 grid-like cuts were made on the coating film at 2mm intervals down to the substrate with a cutter knife, and cellophane adhesive tape was applied on top of them and peeled off 10 times at an angle of 180°. The adhesion in the hot water resistance test was evaluated according to the following criteria: ◎: 100 to 90 remaining squares; ○: 89 to 80 remaining squares; △: 79 to 60 remaining squares; ×: 59 or less remaining squares.

[0091] The blisters were evaluated based on the following criteria: Diameter: (large) 1 to 10 (small) Frequency: None, (few) F, M, MD, D (many) Note that diameter refers to the size of the blister, and the visually observable numerical value is up to 8. Frequency refers to the number of blisters, and is an abbreviation for F (Few), M (Medium), MD (Medium Dense), and D (Dense). For example, "4M" indicates a blister diameter of 4 and a blister frequency of M.

[0092]

[0093] In the evaluation of the diagonal cross-cut peel test, the results of Examples 1 to 6 tend to show equal or better adhesion than Comparative Examples 1 and 2, with Examples 2, 4, and 5 showing particularly excellent adhesion. Furthermore, in the evaluation of the warm water resistance test, although blisters occurred in all but Example 2, it was found that the degree of blisters was less in Examples 1, 3, and 6 than in Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Furthermore, all of Examples 1 to 6 showed superior adhesion to Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Judging from these results comprehensively, the composition of the present invention exhibits excellent adhesion and can form a coating film that is high-pressure car washable and warm water resistant.

Claims

1. Component A: An acid-modified chlorinated polyolefin having a chlorine content of 17 to 23% by weight and a glass transition temperature of 0 to 10°C, Component B: A nonionic surfactant, Component C: A basic compound, and Component D: An aqueous medium, wherein the content of Component B is 10% by weight or more when the content of Component A is 100% by weight, a dispersion composition.

2. The dispersion composition according to claim 1, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the acid-modified chlorinated polyolefin is 100,000 to 150,000.

3. The dispersion composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the softening point of the acid-modified chlorinated polyolefin is 70 to 100°C.

4. The dispersion composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein Component B contains a nonionic surfactant of the polyoxyethylene alkyl ether type.

5. The dispersion composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein Component B contains polyoxyethylene oleyl ether.

6. The dispersion composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein Component C contains a primary amine.

7. The dispersion composition according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising Component E: A glycol ether-based compound having a molecular weight of less than 200.

8. The dispersion composition according to claim 1 or 2, which is a paint or a binder.

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