Immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins and related methods

Abstract

Provided herein are, inter alia, immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins and compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical compositions) comprising the same; as well as methods of making the immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins and compositions. The immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins provided herein are useful in e.g., pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use, including e.g., in the treatments of pro-inflammatory (e.g., autoimmune) diseases.

Description

Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 IMMUNORECEPTOR INHIBITORY PROTEINS AND RELATED METHODS RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Serial No.: 63 / 625,702, filed January 26, 2024, U.S. Serial No.: 63 / 625,755, filed January 26, 2024, U.S. Serial No.: 63 / 653,350, filed May 30, 2024, U.S. Serial No.: 63 / 653,360, filed May 30, 2024, U.S. Serial No.: 63 / 671,469, filed July 15, 2024, U.S. Serial No.: 63 / 671,523, filed July 15, 2024, U.S. Serial No.: 63 / 684,950, filed August 20, 2024, U.S. Serial No.: 63 / 715,911, filed November 4, 2024, and U.S. Serial No.: 63 / 715,916, filed November 4, 2024, the entire contents of each of which is incorporated herein by reference. SEQUENCE LISTING

[0002] The instant application contains a Sequence Listing which has been submitted electronically in XML format and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said XML copy, created on January 22, 2024, is named 62801_39WO01_SL.xml and is 211,580 bytes in size. 1. FIELD

[0003] This disclosure relates to immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins that bind to TL1A (e.g., human TL1A (hTL1A)) and nucleic acid molecules encoding the same. The disclosure further relates to methods of making and utilizing the same. 2. BACKGROUND

[0004] The TNF superfamily (TNFSF) comprises 19 ligands and 29 receptors that regulate multiple cellular functions, including e.g., immune responses, cell proliferation, cell survival, cell differentiation, and programmed cell death. Exemplary TNFSF ligands and exemplary cognate receptors, include, e.g., TNFα and TNFR1 / TNFR2; FasL and Fas; LIGHT and LIGHTR and LTβR; and TL1A and DR3. A subset of TNFSF ligands are known to interact with more than one TNFSF receptor (e.g., TNFα is known to interact with both TNFR1 and TNFR2). The intracellular domains and signaling properties of the various TNFSF receptors are known to vary. For example, a subset of TNFSF receptors comprise a death domain; others comprise one or more TRAF interacting motif (TIM); while other subsets of TNFSF receptors do not contain functional intracellular signaling domains or motifs.Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 3. SUMMARY

[0005] Provided herein are, inter alia, immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins and nucleic acid molecules encoding the same; fusions and conjugates comprising the immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins; methods of manufacturing; pharmaceutical compositions; and methods of use including e.g., methods of inhibiting or reducing (e.g., preventing) binding of TL1A to DR3 and / or DcR3, inhibiting signaling of DR3 and / or DcR3 (including, e.g., signaling mediated through the binding of TL1A to DR3 and / or DcR3), and modulating (e.g., suppressing) an immune response, as well as diagnostics.

[0006] Accordingly, in one aspect provided herein are proteins (e.g., immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins (IIPs)) comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of any protein set forth in Table 2 or set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200.

[0007] In some embodiments, the protein comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of any protein set forth in Table 2 or set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187- 190, or 199-200. In some embodiments, the protein comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of any protein set forth in Table 2 or set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200.

[0008] In some embodiments, the protein comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 24, 55, 187, 188, 189, or 190. In some embodiments, the protein comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 24, 55, 187, 188, 189, or 190. In some embodiments, the protein comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 24, 55, 187, 188, 189, or 190. In some embodiments, the protein comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 24, 55, 187, 188, 189, or 190.

[0009] In some embodiments, the protein exhibits anti-inflammatory properties (e.g., upon administration to a subject).Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01

[0010] In specific embodiments, the protein specifically binds human TL1A (hTL1A).

[0011] In some embodiments, the protein inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTL1A to human DcR3 (hDcR3). In some embodiments, the protein inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTL1A to human DR3 (hDR3).

[0012] In some embodiments, the protein specifically binds to trimeric forms of TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) and monomeric forms of TL1A (e.g., hTL1A). In some embodiments, the protein preferentially specifically binds to trimeric forms of TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) relative to monomeric forms of TL1A (e.g., hTL1A). In some embodiments, the protein specifically binds to trimeric forms of TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) with higher affinity relative to monomeric forms of TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) (e.g., as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10)).

[0013] In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-trimer) is higher than the binding affinity of the protein to monomeric TL1A as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD- monomer) (e.g., as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10)).

[0014] In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-trimer) is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10-fold higher than the binding affinity of the protein to monomeric TL1A as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-monomer) (e.g., as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10)).

[0015] In some embodiments, the KD value of the protein binding to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) (KD-trimer) is lower than the KD value of the protein binding to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) (KD-monomer) (e.g., as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10)).

[0016] In some embodiments, the KD value of the protein binding to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) (KD-trimer) is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10-fold lower than the KD value of the protein binding to monomeric TL1A (KD-monomer) (e.g., as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10)).

[0017] In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-trimer) is less than 20 pM, 15 pM, or 10 pM (e.g., as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10)).

[0018] In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-monomer) is more than 60 pM, 70Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 pM, or 80 pM (e.g., as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10)).

[0019] In some embodiments, the protein comprises a homologous or heterologous signal peptide (e.g., operably connected to the N-terminus of the protein).

[0020] In some embodiments, the protein is operably connected to a heterologous moiety (e.g., described herein).

[0021] In some embodiments, the heterologous moiety is a protein, peptide, small molecule, nucleic acid molecule (e.g., DNA, RNA, DNA / RNA hybrid molecule), lipid, or synthetic polymer. In some embodiments, the heterologous moiety is a protein. In some embodiments, the heterologous moiety is a half-life extension moiety.

[0022] In specific embodiments, the protein is isolated. In specific embodiments, the protein is recombinant. In specific embodiments, the protein is recombinant and isolated.

[0023] In one aspect, provided herein are conjugates comprising a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein) operably connected to a heterologous moiety (e.g., a heterologous moiety described herein).

[0024] In one aspect, provided herein are radioligands comprising a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein) operably connected to a radionuclide.

[0025] In one aspect, provided herein are fusion proteins comprising a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein) operably connected to a heterologous protein (e.g., a heterologous protein described herein).

[0026] In specific embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises an antibody. In specific embodiments, the antibody specifically binds a cytokine. In specific embodiments, the cytokine is an interleukin. In specific embodiments, the interleukin is interleukin 23 (IL-23) (e.g., human IL- 23).

[0027] In specific embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a half-life extension protein.

[0028] In specific embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises an immunoglobulin (Ig) (e.g., a human Ig (hIg)) Fc region. In specific embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region comprises at least a portion of a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region. In specific embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region comprises a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region. In specific embodiments, the Ig is a hIg. In specific embodiments, the hIg is a human IgG (hIgG). In specific embodiments, the hIgG is hIgG1 or hIgG4.Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01

[0029] In specific embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region comprises one or more amino acid substitutions relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region that reduces or abolishes one or more of the following effector functions relative to the reference Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region: antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and / or affinity to one or more human Fc receptor (e.g., an Fcγ receptor (e.g., FcγRI, FcγRIIa, FcγRIIc, FcγRIIIa, and / or FcγRIIIb (e.g., FcγRI, FcγIIa, and / or FcγIIIa))). In specific embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region does not substantially mediate ADCC, does not substantially mediate CDC, and / or does not bind to one or more human Fc receptor (e.g., an Fcγ receptor (e.g., FcγRI, FcγRIIa, FcγRIIc, FcγRIIIa, and / or FcγRIIIb (e.g., FcγRI, FcγIIa, and / or FcγIIIa))).

[0030] In specific embodiments, the Ig is an hIgG4 and the amino acid sequence of the Fc region comprises an amino acid substitution at amino acid position S228, an amino acid substitution at amino acid position F234, and / or an amino acid substitution at amino acid position L235, numbering according to the EU index of Kabat. In specific embodiments, the Ig is hIgG4 and the amino acid sequence of the Fc region comprises a proline at amino acid position S228, an alanine at amino acid position F234, and / or an alanine at amino acid position L235, numbering according to EU index of Kabat.

[0031] In specific embodiments, the Ig is hIgG1 and the amino acid sequence of the Fc region comprises an amino acid substitution at amino acid position L234, and / or an amino acid substitution at amino acid position L235, numbering according to the EU index of Kabat. In specific embodiments, the Ig is hIgG1 and the amino acid sequence of the Fc region comprises an alanine at amino acid position L234 and / or an alanine at amino acid position L235, numbering according to the EU index of Kabat. In specific embodiments, the Ig is hIgG1 and the amino acid sequence of the Fc region comprises an alanine at amino acid position L234, an alanine at amino acid position L235, and / or a glycine at position P329 numbering according to the EU index of Kabat. In specific embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region comprises an amino acid sequence at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of any protein set forth in any one of Tables 4-7 or set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 90-163 or 197-198.

[0032] In specific embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region comprises an amino acid sequence comprising a set of amino acid variations set forth in any one of Tables 12-14.

[0033] In some embodiments, the protein described herein is directly operably connected toAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 the heterologous protein through a peptide bond. In some embodiments, the protein described herein is indirectly operably connected to the heterologous protein through a peptide linker. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the peptide linker comprises or consists of glycine or glycine and serine amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the amino acid of the peptide linker comprises or consists of (a) the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 164-173; or (b) the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 164-173 comprising or consisting of 1, 2, or 3 amino acid substitutions.

[0034] In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the protein described herein and the heterologous protein. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the protein described herein, a peptide linker, and the heterologous protein. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: a signal peptide, the protein described herein, a peptide linker, and the heterologous protein. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the heterologous protein and the protein described herein. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the heterologous protein, a peptide linker, and the protein described herein. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: a signal peptide, the heterologous protein, a peptide linker, and the protein described herein.

[0035] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein is at least about 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 174-185 or 191-196 or set forth in Table 9. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein is at least about 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 175, 178, 181, or 184. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein is at least about 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 177-179, 194-196, or 201-203. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein is at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 177-179, 194-196, or 201-203. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein is at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequenceAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 177-179, 194-196, or 201-203. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 177-179, 194-196, or 201-203.

[0036] In one aspect, provided herein are fusion proteins comprising a first protein and a second protein, wherein the first protein comprises a first Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region operably connected to a first protein described herein; and wherein the second protein comprises a second Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region operably connected to a second protein described herein.

[0037] In specific embodiments, the first Fc region and the second Fc region associate to form a dimer.

[0038] In some embodiments, the first protein comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of the second protein.

[0039] In some embodiments, the first Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region comprises at least a portion of a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region; and the second Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region comprises at least a portion of a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region. In some embodiments, the first Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region comprises a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region; and the second Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region comprises a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region.

[0040] In some embodiments, the Ig of the first Ig Fc region is a hIg and the Ig of the second Ig Fc region is a hIg. In some embodiments, the hIg of the first hIg Fc region is a hIgG and the hIg of the second hIg Fc region is a hIgG. In some embodiments, the hIgG of the first hIg Fc region is hIgG4 and the hIgG of the first hIg Fc region is hIgG4. In some embodiments, the hIgG of the first hIg Fc region is hIgG1 and the hIgG of the first hIg Fc region is hIgG1.

[0041] In some embodiments, the first Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region and the second Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region each comprises one or more amino acid substitutions relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region that reduces or abolishes one or more of the following effector functions relative to the reference Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region: ADCC, CDC, and / or binding affinity to one or more Fc receptor (e.g., an Fcγ receptor (e.g., FcγRI, FcγRIIa, FcγRIIc, FcγRIIIa, and / or FcγRIIIb (e.g., FcγRI, FcγIIa, and / or FcγIIIa))). In some embodiments, the fusion protein does not substantially mediate ADCC, does not substantially mediate CDC, and / or does not bind to one or more Fc receptor (e.g., an Fcγ receptor (e.g., FcγRI, FcγRIIa, FcγRIIc, FcγRIIIa, and / or FcγRIIIb (e.g., FcγRI, FcγIIa,Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 and / or FcγIIIa))).

[0042] In some embodiments, the Ig of the first Ig Fc region and the second Ig Fc region is hIgG4 and the amino acid sequence of the first Fc region and the second Fc region each comprise an amino acid substitution at amino acid position S228, an amino acid substitution at amino acid position F234, and / or an amino acid substitution at amino acid position E235, numbering according to the EU index of Kabat. In some embodiments, the Ig of the first Ig Fc region and the second Ig Fc region is hIgG4 and the amino acid sequence of the first Fc region and the second Fc region each comprise a proline at amino acid position S228, an alanine at amino acid position F234, and / or an alanine at amino acid position E235, numbering according to EU index of Kabat.

[0043] In some embodiments, the Ig of the first Ig Fc region and the second Ig Fc region is hIgG1 and the amino acid sequence of the first Fc region and the second Fc region each comprise an amino acid substitution at amino acid position L234, and / or an amino acid substitution at amino acid position L235, numbering according to the EU index of Kabat. In some embodiments, the Ig of the first Ig Fc region and the second Ig Fc region is hIgG1 and the amino acid sequence of the first Fc region and the second Fc region each comprise an alanine at amino acid position L234 and / or an alanine at amino acid position L235, numbering according to the EU index of Kabat. In some embodiments, the Ig of the first Ig Fc region and the second Ig Fc region is hIgG1 and the amino acid sequence of the first Fc region and the second Fc region each comprise a proline (or alanine) at amino acid position L234 and / or a proline (or alanine) at amino acid position L235, numbering according to the EU index of Kabat. In some embodiments, the Ig of the first Ig Fc region and the second Ig Fc region is hIgG1 and the amino acid sequence of the first Fc region and the second Fc region each comprise a proline (or alanine) at amino acid position L234 a proline (or alanine) at amino acid position L235, and / or a glycine at amino acid position P329, numbering according to the EU index of Kabat.

[0044] In some embodiments, the first Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of the second Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region.

[0045] In some embodiments, the first protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the first Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region and the first protein described herein; and the second protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the second Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region and the second protein described herein.

[0046] In some embodiments, the first protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the first IgAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 (e.g., hIg) Fc region, a first peptide linker, and the first protein described herein; and the second protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the second Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region, a second peptide linker, and the second protein described herein.

[0047] In some embodiments, the first protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the first protein described herein and the first Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region; and the second protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the second protein described herein and the second Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region.

[0048] In some embodiments, the first protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the first protein described herein , a first peptide linker, and the first Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region; and the second protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the second protein described herein, a second peptide linker, and the second Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region.

[0049] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the first peptide linker and the second peptide linker each comprises or consists of glycine or glycine and serine amino acid residues. In some embodiments, the amino acid of the first peptide linker and the second peptide linker each comprises or consists of (a) the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 164-173; or (b) the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 164-173 comprising or consisting of 1, 2, or 3 amino acid substitutions.

[0050] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the first protein is at least about 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 174-185 or 191-196 or set forth in Table 9; and the amino acid sequence of the first protein is at least about 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 174-185 or 191-196 or set forth in Table 9. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the first protein is at least about 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 175, 178, 181, 184, 192, or 195; and the amino acid sequence of the first protein is at least about 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 175, 178, 181, 184, 192, or 195.

[0051] In one aspect, provided herein are immunogenic peptides or proteins comprising at least an immunogenic fragment of a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein).Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01

[0052] In some embodiments, the immunogenic peptide or protein does not specifically bind hTL1A or binds one or more of hTL1A with lower affinity relative to a reference protein (e.g., a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein)).

[0053] In some embodiments, the immunogenic peptide or protein comprises a full-length protein described herein. In some embodiments, the immunogenic peptide or protein comprises an immunogenic fragment of a protein of a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein).

[0054] In some embodiments, the immunogenic peptide or protein comprises at least about 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, or 130 amino acids. In some embodiments, the immunogenic peptide or protein comprises from about 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, or 130 amino acids.

[0055] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunogenic peptide or protein comprises one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions) relative to a reference protein described herein.

[0056] In some embodiments, the immunogenic peptide or protein comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical to a contiguous stretch of at least about 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, or 130 amino acids set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199- 200. In some embodiments, the immunogenic peptide or protein comprises an amino acid sequence that, other than the one or more amino acid variation (e.g., substitution, addition, deletion), is at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200.

[0057] In some embodiments, the immunogenic peptide or protein is formulated with an adjuvant.

[0058] In one aspect, provided herein are isolated antibodies that specifically binds to a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein).

[0059] In one aspect, provided herein are nucleic acid molecules encoding a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein), a conjugate described herein, a radioligand described herein, a fusion protein described herein, an immunogenic peptide or protein described herein, or an antibody described herein. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is an RNA (e.g., mRNA, circular RNA) molecule or a DNA molecule.

[0060] In one aspect, provided herein are mRNA encoding a protein described herein (e.g., anAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 IIP described herein), a conjugate described herein, a radioligand described herein, a fusion protein described herein, an immunogenic peptide or protein described herein, or an antibody described herein.

[0061] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule or the mRNA molecule comprises a heterologous 5'-untranslated region (UTR), 3'-UTR, or both a 5'-UTR and 3'-UTR. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule or the mRNA molecule comprises a poly(A) sequence. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule or the mRNA molecule comprises a 5' cap structure. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule or the mRNA molecule comprises at least one variant nucleotide. In some embodiments, the sequence of the nucleic acid molecule or mRNA molecule, respectively, is codon optimized.

[0062] In one aspect, provided herein are vectors (e.g., expression vectors) comprising a nucleic acid molecule described herein or an mRNA molecule described herein.

[0063] In some embodiments, the vector is a viral vector or a non-viral vector (e.g., a plasmid).

[0064] In one aspect, provided herein are viral particles conjugated to a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein), a conjugate described herein, a radioligand described herein, or a fusion protein described herein.

[0065] In one aspect, provided herein are cells (e.g., host cell) (or populations of cells (e.g., populations of host cells)) comprising a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein), a conjugate described herein, a radioligand described herein, a fusion protein described herein, an immunogenic peptide or protein described herein, an antibody described herein, a nucleic acid molecule described herein, an mRNA molecule described herein, a vector described herein, a viral particle described herein, a carrier described herein, a lipid nanoparticle described herein, a vaccine composition described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition described herein.

[0066] In one aspect, provided herein are cells (e.g., a therapeutic cell) (e.g., a CAR cell) (or a population of therapeutic cells) expressing and / or genetically encoding a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein), a conjugate described herein, a radioligand described herein, or a fusion protein described herein (e.g., on the surface of the cell).

[0067] In one aspect, provided herein are carriers a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein), a conjugate described herein, a radioligand described herein, a fusion protein described herein, an immunogenic peptide or protein described herein, an antibody described herein, a nucleic acid molecule described herein, an mRNA molecule described herein, a vectorAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 described herein, a viral particle described herein, a cell described herein, a lipid nanoparticle described herein, a vaccine composition described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition described herein.

[0068] In one aspect, provided herein are carriers conjugated to a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein), a conjugate described herein, a radioligand described herein, or a fusion protein described herein.

[0069] In some embodiments, the carrier is a lipid nanoparticle, liposome, lipoplex, or nanoliposome.

[0070] In one aspect, provided herein are lipid nanoparticles comprising a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein), a conjugate described herein, a radioligand described herein, a fusion protein described herein, an immunogenic peptide or protein described herein, an antibody described herein, a nucleic acid molecule described herein, an mRNA molecule described herein, a vector described herein, a viral particle described herein, a cell described herein, a lipid nanoparticle described herein, a vaccine composition described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition described herein.

[0071] In one aspect, provided herein are lipid nanoparticles conjugated to a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein), a conjugate described herein, a radioligand described herein, or a fusion protein described herein.

[0072] In one aspect, provided herein are vaccine compositions comprising an immunogenic peptide or protein described herein (or a nucleic acid molecule encoding the same (or a vector encoding the nucleic acid molecule) or a carrier comprising any of the foregoing).

[0073] In one aspect, provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein), a conjugate described herein, a radioligand described herein, a fusion protein described herein, an immunogenic peptide or protein described herein, an antibody described herein, a nucleic acid molecule described herein, an mRNA molecule described herein, a vector described herein, a viral particle described herein, a cell (or population of cells) described herein, a carrier described herein, a lipid nanoparticle described herein, or a vaccine composition described herein; and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

[0074] In one aspect, provided herein are kits comprising a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein), a conjugate described herein, a radioligand described herein, a fusion protein described herein, an immunogenic peptide or protein described herein, an antibody describedAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 herein, a nucleic acid molecule described herein, an mRNA molecule described herein, a vector described herein, a viral particle described herein, a cell (or population of cells) described herein, a carrier described herein, a lipid nanoparticle described herein, a vaccine composition described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition described herein; and optionally instructions for using any one or more of the foregoing.

[0075] In one aspect, provided herein are methods of delivering a protein, fusion protein, conjugate, radioligand, nucleic acid molecule, mRNA molecule, expression vector, viral particle cell, carrier, lipid nanoparticle, immunogenic peptide or protein, an antibody, a vaccine composition, or pharmaceutical composition to a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein), a conjugate described herein, a radioligand described herein, a fusion protein described herein, an immunogenic peptide or protein described herein, an antibody described herein, a nucleic acid molecule described herein, an mRNA molecule described herein, a vector described herein, a viral particle described herein, a cell (or population of cells) described herein, a carrier described herein, a lipid nanoparticle described herein, a vaccine composition described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition described herein, to thereby deliver the protein, fusion protein, conjugate, radioligand, immunogenic peptide or protein, antibody, mRNA molecule, vector, viral particle, cell, carrier, lipid nanoparticle, vaccine composition, or pharmaceutical composition to a subject.

[0076] In one aspect, provided herein are methods of inhibiting or reducing (e.g., preventing) binding of one or more TNFSF ligand to one or more of the TNFSF ligand’s cognate TNFSF receptors in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein), a conjugate described herein, a radioligand described herein, a fusion protein described herein, an immunogenic peptide or protein described herein, an antibody described herein, a nucleic acid molecule described herein, an mRNA molecule described herein, a vector described herein, a viral particle described herein, a cell (or population of cells) described herein, a carrier described herein, a lipid nanoparticle described herein, a vaccine composition described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition described herein, to thereby inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of one or more TNFSF ligand to one or more of the TNFSF ligand’s cognate TNFSF receptors in the subject.

[0077] In some embodiments, the method comprises inhibiting or reducing (e.g., preventing) binding of any one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and / or 9) of the following: (a) binding ofAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 TLA1 to DR3, (b) binding of TNFα to TNFR2, (c) binding of TNFα to TNFR1, (d) binding of LIGHT to HVEM, (e) binding of LIGHT to LTβR, and / or (f) binding of FASL to FAS.

[0078] In one aspect, provided herein are methods of inhibiting or reducing (e.g., preventing) signaling mediated by the binding of one or more TNFSF ligand to one or more of the TNFSF ligand’s cognate TNFSF receptors in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein), a conjugate described herein, a radioligand described herein, a fusion protein described herein, an immunogenic peptide or protein described herein, an antibody described herein, a nucleic acid molecule described herein, an mRNA molecule described herein, a vector described herein, a viral particle described herein, a cell (or population of cells) described herein, a carrier described herein, a lipid nanoparticle described herein, a vaccine composition described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition described herein, to thereby inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) signaling mediated by the binding of one or more TNFSF ligand to one or more of the TNFSF ligand’s cognate TNFSF receptors in the subject.

[0079] In some embodiments, the method comprises inhibiting or reducing (e.g., preventing) signaling mediated by binding of any one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and / or 9) of the following: (a) binding of TLA1 to DR3, (b) binding of TNFα to TNFR2, (c) binding of TNFα to TNFR1, (d) binding of LIGHT to HVEM, (e) binding of LIGHT to LTβR, and / or (f) binding of FASL to FAS.

[0080] In one aspect, provided herein are methods of inhibiting or reducing (e.g., preventing) binding of TL1A to DR3 in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein), a conjugate described herein, a radioligand described herein, a fusion protein described herein, an immunogenic peptide or protein described herein, an antibody described herein, a nucleic acid molecule described herein, an mRNA molecule described herein, a vector described herein, a viral particle described herein, a cell (or population of cells) described herein, a carrier described herein, a lipid nanoparticle described herein, a vaccine composition described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition described herein, to thereby inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of TL1A to DR3 in the subject.

[0081] In one aspect, provided herein are methods of inhibiting or reducing (e.g., preventing) signaling mediated by the binding of TL1A to DR3 in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein),Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 a conjugate described herein, a radioligand described herein, a fusion protein described herein, an immunogenic peptide or protein described herein, an antibody described herein, a nucleic acid molecule described herein, an mRNA molecule described herein, a vector described herein, a viral particle described herein, a cell (or population of cells) described herein, a carrier described herein, a lipid nanoparticle described herein, a vaccine composition described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition described herein, to thereby inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) signaling mediated by the binding of TL1A to DR3 in the subject.

[0082] In one aspect, provided herein are methods of inhibiting or reducing (e.g., preventing) binding of TL1A to DcR3 in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein), a conjugate described herein, a radioligand described herein, a fusion protein described herein, an immunogenic peptide or protein described herein, an antibody described herein, a nucleic acid molecule described herein, an mRNA molecule described herein, a vector described herein, a viral particle described herein, a cell (or population of cells) described herein, a carrier described herein, a lipid nanoparticle described herein, a vaccine composition described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition described herein, to thereby inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of TL1A to DcR3 in the subject.

[0083] In one aspect, provided herein are methods of inhibiting or reducing (e.g., preventing) signaling mediated by the binding of TL1A to DcR3 in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein), a conjugate described herein, a radioligand described herein, a fusion protein described herein, an immunogenic peptide or protein described herein, an antibody described herein, a nucleic acid molecule described herein, an mRNA molecule described herein, a vector described herein, a viral particle described herein, a cell (or population of cells) described herein, a carrier described herein, a lipid nanoparticle described herein, a vaccine composition described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition described herein, to thereby inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) signaling mediated by the binding of TL1A to DcR3 in the subject.

[0084] In some embodiments, the protein, the fusion protein, the conjugate, the immunogenic peptide or protein, the antibody, the nucleic acid molecule, the vector, the host cell, the carrier, the vaccine composition, or the pharmaceutical composition does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) signaling mediated by binding of any one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, and / or 5) of the following: (a)Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 binding of TNFα to TNFR2, (b) binding of TNFα to TNFR1, (c) binding of LIGHT to HVEM, (d) binding of LIGHT to LTβR, and / or (e) binding of FASL to FAS.

[0085] In one aspect, provided herein are methods of suppressing or preventing a pro- inflammatory immune response in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein), a conjugate described herein, a radioligand described herein, a fusion protein described herein, an immunogenic peptide or protein described herein, an antibody described herein, a nucleic acid molecule described herein, an mRNA molecule described herein, a vector described herein, a viral particle described herein, a cell (or population of cells) described herein, a carrier described herein, a lipid nanoparticle described herein, a vaccine composition described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition described herein, to thereby suppress or prevent a pro-inflammatory immune response in the subject.

[0086] In one aspect, provided herein are methods of preventing, treating, or ameliorating a disease in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein), a conjugate described herein, a radioligand described herein, a fusion protein described herein, an immunogenic peptide or protein described herein, an antibody described herein, a nucleic acid molecule described herein, an mRNA molecule described herein, a vector described herein, a viral particle described herein, a cell (or population of cells) described herein, a carrier described herein, a lipid nanoparticle described herein, a vaccine composition described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition described herein, to thereby prevent, treat, or ameliorate the disease in the subject.

[0087] In some embodiments, the disease is a pro-inflammatory disease, an autoimmune disease, or a fibrotic disease. In some embodiments, the disease is a proinflammatory (e.g., autoimmune disease). In some embodiments, the disease is inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, asthma, systemic lupus erythematosus, or fibrosis.

[0088] In one aspect, provided herein are methods of inducing or enhancing an immune response in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject (i) an immunogenic peptide or protein described herein (or a conjugate or a fusion protein thereof); (ii) a nucleic acid molecule encoding (i); (iii) a vector comprising (ii); (iv) a carrier comprising (i), (ii), or (iii); a vaccine composition comprising (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv); or a pharmaceuticalAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 composition comprising (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), or (v), to thereby induce or enhance an immune response in the subject. In some embodiments, the method is an in vitro method. In some embodiments, the sample is a blood, cell, tissue, or saliva, or nasal swab. In some embodiments, an antibody described herein is utilized to determine the presence or absence of the protein described herein (or the fragment or variant thereof).

[0089] In one aspect, provided herein are methods of vaccinating a subject in need thereof (e.g., against a viral infection), the method comprising administering to the subject (i) an immunogenic peptide or protein described herein (or a conjugate or a fusion protein thereof); (ii) a nucleic acid molecule encoding (i); (iii) a vector comprising (ii); (iv) a carrier comprising (i), (ii), or (iii); a vaccine composition comprising (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv); or a pharmaceutical composition comprising (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), or (v), to thereby vaccinate the subject in need thereof (e.g., against a virus). In some embodiments, the method is an in vitro method. In some embodiments, the sample is a blood, cell, tissue, or saliva, or nasal swab. In some embodiments, an antibody described herein is utilized to determine the presence or absence of the protein described herein (or the fragment or variant thereof).

[0090] In one aspect, provided herein are methods of determining the presence of a virus in a subject, the method comprising (a) obtaining the sample from a subject or providing a sample that has been obtained from a subject, and (b) determining the presence or absence of a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein) (or a fragment or variant thereof) or a nucleic acid molecule encoding a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein) (or the fragment or variant thereof) in the sample. In some embodiments, the method is an in vitro method. In some embodiments, the sample is a blood, cell, tissue, or saliva, or nasal swab. In some embodiments, an antibody described herein is utilized to determine the presence or absence of the protein described herein (or the fragment or variant thereof).

[0091] In one aspect, provided herein are methods of diagnosing a viral infection in a subject, the method comprising (a) obtaining a sample from a subject or providing a sample that has been obtained from a subject, (b) determining the presence or absence of a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein) (or a fragment or variant thereof) or a nucleic acid molecule encoding a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein) (or a fragment or variant thereof), and (c) diagnosing the subject as having the viral infection if a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein) (or a fragment or variant thereof) or a nucleic acid moleculeAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 encoding a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein) (or the fragment or variant thereof) is determined to be present in the sample in step (b). In some embodiments, the method is an in vitro method. In some embodiments, the sample is a blood, cell, tissue, or saliva, or nasal swab. In some embodiments, an antibody described herein is utilized to determine the presence or absence of the protein described herein (or the fragment or variant thereof).

[0092] In one aspect, provided herein are methods of treating a viral infection in a subject, the method comprising (a) receiving testing results that determined the presence of a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein) (or a fragment or variant thereof) or a nucleic acid molecule encoding a protein described herein (e.g., an IIP described herein) (or the fragment or variant thereof) in a sample from the subject, (b) diagnosing the subject as having the viral infection, and (c) administering a therapeutic agent to treat the viral infection.

[0093] In some embodiments, the sample is a blood, cell, tissue, or saliva, or nasal swab. In some embodiments, an antibody described herein is utilized to determine the presence or absence of the protein described herein (or the fragment or variant thereof).

[0094] In specific preferred embodiments of any of the foregoing methods, the subject is a human. 4. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0095] FIG. 1 is a line graph showing the binding affinity of the indicated protein (IIP-1, DcR3-hFc, TNFR2 ECD-Fc, or hFc) (Y axis) at the indicated dose (X axis) to hTL1A.

[0096] FIG. 2 is a line graph showing the binding affinity of the indicated protein (IIP-2, DcR3-hFc, TNFR2 ECD-Fc, or hFc) (Y axis) at the indicated dose (X axis) to hTL1A.

[0097] FIG. 3 is a line graph showing the binding affinity of the indicated protein (IIP-3, DcR3-hFc, TNFR2 ECD-Fc, or hFc) (Y axis) at the indicated dose (X axis) to hTL1A.

[0098] FIG. 4 is a line graph showing the binding affinity of the indicated protein (IIP-4, DcR3-hFc, TNFR2 ECD-Fc, or hFc) (Y axis) at the indicated dose (X axis) to hTL1A.

[0099] FIG. 5 is a line graph showing the binding affinity of the indicated protein (IIP-1, DcR3-hFc, TNFR2 ECD-Fc, or hFc) (Y axis) at the indicated dose (X axis) to hTNFα.

[0100] FIG. 6 is a line graph showing the binding affinity of the indicated protein (IIP-2, DcR3-hFc, TNFR2 ECD-Fc, or hFc) (Y axis) at the indicated dose (X axis) to hTNFα.

[0101] FIG. 7 is a line graph showing the binding affinity of the indicated protein (IIP-3,Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 DcR3-hFc, TNFR2 ECD-Fc, or hFc) (Y axis) at the indicated dose (X axis) to hTNFα.

[0102] FIG. 8 is a line graph showing the binding affinity of the indicated protein (IIP-4, DcR3-hFc, TNFR2 ECD-Fc, or hFc) (Y axis) at the indicated dose (X axis) to hTNFα.

[0103] FIG. 9 is a line graph showing the binding affinity of the indicated protein (IIP-1, DcR3-hFc, TNFR2 ECD-Fc, or hFc) (Y axis) at the indicated dose (X axis) to hLIGHT.

[0104] FIG. 10 is a line graph showing the binding affinity of the indicated protein (IIP-2, DcR3-hFc, TNFR2 ECD-Fc, or hFc) (Y axis) at the indicated dose (X axis) to hLIGHT.

[0105] FIG. 11 is a line graph showing the binding affinity of the indicated protein (IIP-3, DcR3-hFc, TNFR2 ECD-Fc, or hFc) (Y axis) at the indicated dose (X axis) to hLIGHT.

[0106] FIG. 12 is a line graph showing the binding affinity of the indicated protein (IIP-4, DcR3-hFc, TNFR2 ECD-Fc, or hFc) (Y axis) at the indicated dose (X axis) to hLIGHT.

[0107] FIG. 13 is a line graph showing the binding affinity of the indicated protein (IIP-1, DcR3-hFc, TNFR2 ECD-Fc, or hFc) (Y axis) at the indicated dose (X axis) to hFASL.

[0108] FIG. 14 is a line graph showing the binding affinity of the indicated protein (IIP-2, DcR3-hFc, TNFR2 ECD-Fc, or hFc) (Y axis) at the indicated dose (X axis) to hFASL.

[0109] FIG. 15 is a line graph showing the binding affinity of the indicated protein (IIP-3, DcR3-hFc, TNFR2 ECD-Fc, or hFc) (Y axis) at the indicated dose (X axis) to hFASL.

[0110] FIG. 16 is a line graph showing the binding affinity of the indicated protein (IIP-4, DcR3-hFc, TNFR2 ECD-Fc, or hFc) (Y axis) at the indicated dose (X axis) to hFASL.

[0111] FIG. 17 is a line graph showing the binding affinity of the indicated protein (IIP-34, DcR3-hFc, TNFR2 ECD-Fc, or hFc) (Y axis) at the indicated dose (X axis) to hTL1A.

[0112] FIG. 18 is a line graph showing the binding affinity of the indicated protein (IIP-34, DcR3, TNFR2 ECD-Fc, or hFc) (Y axis) at the indicated dose (X axis) to hTNFα.

[0113] FIG. 19 is a line graph showing the binding affinity of the indicated protein (IIP-34, DcR3, TNFR2 ECD-Fc, or hFc) (Y axis) at the indicated dose (X axis) to hLIGHT.

[0114] FIG. 20 is a line graph showing the binding affinity of the indicated protein (IIP-34, DcR3, TNFR2 ECD-Fc, or hFc) (Y axis) at the indicated dose (X axis) to hFASL.

[0115] FIG. 21 is a line graph showing the relative binding of the indicated agent hIgG4-Fc (control), IIFP-2, IIFP-32, and IIFP-33, to plate bound human TL1A.

[0116] FIG. 22 is a line graph showing the relative binding of the indicated agent hIgG4-Fc (control), IIFP-2, IIFP-32, and IIFP-33, to membrane bound human TL1A.Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01

[0117] FIG. 23 is a line graph showing NFκB activation in TL1A responsive luciferase reporter Jurkat cells treated with the indicated agent: hIgG4-Fc (control), IIFP-2, IIFP-32, and IIFP-33.

[0118] FIG. 24 is a line graph showing the inhibition of human TL1A binding to DR3 mediated by the indicated agent: hIgG4-Fc (control), IIFP-2, IIFP-32, or IIFP-33.

[0119] FIG. 25 is a line graph showing the inhibition of human TL1A binding to DcR3 mediated by the indicated agent: hIgG4-Fc (control), IIFP-2, IIFP-32, or IIFP-33.

[0120] FIG. 26 is a line graph showing the percent of inhibition of TL1A induced apoptosis in TF1 cells by the indicated gent: hIgG4-Fc (control), IIFP-2, IIFP-32, or IIFP-33.

[0121] FIG.27 is a bar graph showing the concentration of IFNγ (pg / mL) in the serum of mice treated with the indicated agent: PBS (control), human IgG4 Fc (control), anti-murineTL1A (mTL1A) antibody (5G4.6) (20mg / kg, 10mg / kg, or 5mg / kg), or IIFP-2 (20mg / kg, 10mg / kg, or 5mg / kg).

[0122] FIG. 28A is a line graph showing the clinical disease score (as described in Example 4) at the indicated study day and indicated treatment group (IFP-2, hIgG4 Fc control, no disease control) in the CAIA mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. FIG. 28B is a bar graph showing the clinical disease score area under the curve (as described in Example 4) at the indicated study day and indicated treatment group (IFP-2, hIgG4 Fc control) in the CAIA mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis.

[0123] FIG. 29A is a bar graph showing the level of IL-1β expression (pg IL-1β / mg of total protein) in the inflamed joints of CAIA mice at study day 14 in the indicated treatment group (IFP- 2 or hIgG4 Fc control). FIG.29B is a bar graph showing the level of IL-6 expression (pg IL-6 / mg of total protein) in the inflamed joints of CAIA mice at study day 14 in the indicated treatment group (IFP-2 or hIgG4 Fc control). FIG. 29C is a bar graph showing the level of KC / GRO expression (pg KC / GRO / mg of total protein) in the inflamed joints of CAIA mice at study day 14 in the indicated treatment group (IFP-2 or hIgG4 Fc control). FIG.29D is a bar graph showing the level of TNF expression (pg TNF / mg of total protein) in the inflamed joints of CAIA mice at study day 14 in the indicated treatment group (IFP-2 or hIgG4 Fc control).

[0124] FIG. 30A is a bar graph showing the level of IL-1β expression (pg IL-1β / mg of total protein) in the serum joints of CAIA mice at study day 14 in the indicated treatment group (IFP-2 or hIgG4 Fc control). FIG. 30B is a bar graph showing the level of IL-6 expression (pg IL-6 / mgAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 of total protein) in the serum joints of CAIA mice at study day 14 in the indicated treatment group (IFP-2 or hIgG4 Fc control). FIG. 30C is a bar graph showing the level of KC / GRO expression (pg KC / GRO / mg of total protein) in the serum joints of CAIA mice at study day 14 in the indicated treatment group (IFP-2 or hIgG4 Fc control). FIG. 30D is a bar graph showing the level of TNF expression (pg TNF / mg of total protein) in the serum joints of CAIA mice at study day 14 in the indicated treatment group (IFP-2 or hIgG4 Fc control). 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0125] The inventors have, inter alia, identified and developed immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins that specifically bind to TNFSF ligand TL1A. Accordingly, the novel immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins disclosed herein may be useful for various methods, including, e.g., selectively inhibiting or reducing (e.g., preventing) binding of TL1A to DR3 and / or DcR3, inhibiting signaling of DR3 and / or DcR3 (including, e.g., signaling mediated through the binding of DR3 to TL1A), and modulating (e.g., suppressing) an immune response, as well as in diagnostic assays. As such, the current disclosure provides, inter alia, novel immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins, nucleic acid molecules encoding, the methods for utilizing the same. TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.1 Definitions 5.2 Immunoreceptor Inhibitory Proteins 5.3 Exemplary Properties of Immunoreceptor Inhibitory Proteins 5.4 Immunoreceptor Inhibitory Protein Fusions & Conjugates 5.4.1 Radioligands 5.4.2 Chimeric Antigen Receptors 5.4.3 Signal Peptides 5.4.4 Half-Life Extension Moieties 5.4.5 Ig Fusion Proteins 5.4.5.1 Antibody Fusion Proteins 5.4.5.2 Ig Fusion Proteins 5.4.5.3 Half-Life Extension 5.4.5.4 Ig Effector Function 5.4.5.4(i) Reduced Effector FunctionAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 ins s ble Lipids s ntsAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 5.13 Pharmaceutical Compositions 5.14 Methods of Use 5.14.1 Methods of Delivery 5.14.2 Methods of Inhibiting or Reducing Binding of a TNFSF Ligand to One or More Cognate TNFSF Receptor 5.14.3 Methods of Inhibiting or Reducing Signaling Mediated by TNFSF Ligand binding to One or More Cognate TNFSF Receptor 5.14.4 Methods of Inhibiting or Reducing Binding of TL1A to DR3 5.14.5 Methods of Inhibiting of Reducing Signaling Mediated by TL1A Binding to DR3 5.14.6 Methods of Inhibiting or Reducing Binding of TL1A to DcR3 5.14.7 Methods of Inhibiting or Reducing Signaling Mediated by TL1A Binding to DcR3 5.14.8 Methods of Suppressing or Preventing a Pro-Inflammatory Immune Response 5.14.9 Methods of Preventing, Treating, or Ameliorating a Disease in a Subject in Need Thereof 5.14.10 Methods of Inducing or Enhancing an Immune Response 5.14.11 Methods of Vaccinating a Subject 5.14.12 Diagnostic Methods 5.15 Kits 5.1 Definitions

[0126] The section headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the subject matter described.

[0127] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of skill in the art to which the claimed subject matter belongs. It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of any subject matter claimed.

[0128] Use of the singular herein includes the plural unless specifically stated otherwise. ForAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 example, as used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Furthermore, use of the term “including” as well as other forms, such as “include,” “includes,” and “included,” is not limiting.

[0129] It is understood that wherever aspects are described herein with the language “comprising,” otherwise analogous aspects described in terms of “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of” are also provided.

[0130] The term “and / or” where used herein is to be taken as specific disclosure of each of the two specified features or components with or without the other. Thus, the term “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “A and / or B” herein is intended to include “A and B,” “A or B,” “A” (alone), and “B” (alone). Likewise, the term “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “A, B, and / or C” is intended to encompass each of the following aspects: A, B, and C; A, B, or C; A or C; A or B; B or C; A and C; A and B; B and C; A (alone); B (alone); and C (alone).

[0131] As described herein, any concentration range, percentage range, ratio range or integer range is to be understood to include the value of any integer within the recited range and, when appropriate, fractions thereof (such as one tenth and one hundredth of an integer), unless otherwise indicated.

[0132] The term “about” refers to a value or composition that is within an acceptable error range for the particular value or composition as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, which will depend in part on how the value or composition is measured or determined, i.e., the limitations of the measurement system. When particular values or compositions are provided herein, unless otherwise stated, the meaning of “about” should be assumed to be within an acceptable error range for that particular value or composition.

[0133] Where proteins and / or polypeptides are described herein, it is understood that nucleic acid molecules (e.g., RNA (e.g., mRNA) or DNA molecules) encoding the protein are also provided herein.

[0134] Where proteins, peptides, nucleic acid molecules, vectors, carriers, etc. are described herein, it is understood that isolated forms of the proteins, peptides, nucleic acid molecules, vectors, carriers, etc. are also provided herein.

[0135] Where proteins, peptides, nucleic acid molecules, etc. are described herein, it is understood that recombinant forms of the proteins, peptides, nucleic acid molecules, etc. are also provided herein.Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01

[0136] Where polypeptides or sets of polypeptides are described herein, it is understood that proteins comprising the polypeptides or sets of polypeptides folded into their three-dimensional structure (i.e., tertiary or quaternary structure) are also provided herein and vice versa.

[0137] As used herein, the term “adjuvant” refers to a substance that causes stimulation of the immune system of a subject when administered to the subject.

[0138] As used herein, the term “administering” refers to the physical introduction of an agent, e.g., a therapeutic agent (or a precursor of the therapeutic agent that is metabolized or altered within the body of the subject to produce the therapeutic agent in vivo) or vaccine to a subject, using any of the various methods and delivery systems known to those skilled in the art. Administering can also be performed, for example, once, a plurality of times, and / or over one or more extended periods. The term administering includes both self-administration by the subject themselves and administration to the subject by another.

[0139] As used herein, the term “affinity” refers to the strength of the binding of one protein (e.g., a Ligand) to another protein (e.g., a Receptor). The affinity of a protein is measured by the dissociation constant Kd, defined as [Ligand] x [Receptor] / [Ligand-Receptor] where [Ligand- Receptor] is the molar concentration of the Ligand-Receptor complex, [Ligand] is the molar concentration of the unbound Ligand and [Receptor] is the molar concentration of the unbound Receptor. The affinity constant Ka is defined by 1 / Kd. Standard methods of measuring affinity are known to the person of ordinary skill in the art and described herein, see, e.g., § 5.3.

[0140] As used herein, the term “agent” is used generically to describe any macro or micro molecule. Exemplary agents include, but are not limited proteins, peptides, nucleic acid molecules (e.g., DNA molecules, RNA molecules), vectors, carriers, carbohydrates, lipids, synthetic polymers, etc.

[0141] As used herein, the term “antibody” or “antibodies” is used in the broadest sense and encompasses various immunoglobulin (Ig) (e.g., human Ig (hIg), murine Ig (mIg)) structures, including, but not limited to monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific (e.g., bispecific, trispecific) antibodies, and antibody fragments so long as they exhibit the desired antigen-binding activity (i.e., antigen binding fragments or variants). The term antibody thus includes, for example, full-length antibodies; antigen-binding fragments of full-length antibodies; molecules comprising antibody CDRs, VH regions, and / or VL regions; and antibody-like scaffolds (e.g., fibronectins). Examples of antibodies include, without limitation, monoclonal antibodies,Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 polyclonal antibodies, monospecific antibodies, multispecific antibodies, human antibodies, humanized antibodies, chimeric antibodies, camelized antibodies, intrabodies, affybodies, diabodies, tribodies, heteroconjugate antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, single domain antibodies (e.g.,VHH, (VHH)2), single chain antibodies, single-chain Fvs (scFv; (scFv)2), Fab fragments (e.g., Fab, single chain Fab (scFab), F(ab’)2 fragments, disulfide-linked Fvs (sdFv), Fc fusions (e.g., Fab-Fc, scFv-Fc, VHH-Fc, (scFv)2-Fc, (VHH)2-Fc), and antigen-binding fragments of any of the above, and conjugates or fusion proteins comprising any of the above. Antibodies can be of Ig isotype (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, or IgA), any class (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 or IgA2), or any subclass (e.g., IgG2a or IgG2b) of Ig). In certain embodiments, antibodies described herein are IgG antibodies, or a class (e.g., human IgG1or IgG4) or subclass thereof. In certain embodiments, antibodies described herein are mIgG antibodies, or a class (e.g., mIgG1 or mIgG2a) or subclass thereof. In some embodiments, the antibody is a human, humanized, or chimeric IgG1 or IgG4 monoclonal antibody. In some embodiments, the term antibodies refers to a monoclonal or polyclonal antibody population. Antibodies described herein can be produced by any standard methods known in the art, e.g., recombinant production in host cells, see, e.g., § 5.6; or synthetic production.

[0142] As used herein, the term “antibody mimetic” refers to non-Ig based antigen binding domain. Various antibody-like scaffolds are known in the art. For example, 10th type III domain of fibronectin (e.g., AdNectins®) and designed ankyrin repeat proteins (e.g., DARPins®) have been used as alternative scaffolds for antigen-binding domains, see, e.g., Gebauer and Skerra, Engineered protein scaffolds as next-generation antibody therapeutics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 13:245-255 (2009) and Stumpp et al., Darpins: A new generation of protein therapeutics. Drug Discovery Today 13: 695-701 (2008), the full contents of each of which is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes. Exemplary antibody-like scaffolds include, but are not limited to, lipocalins (see, e.g., US7250297) (e.g., Anticalin®), protein A-derived molecules such as z- domains of protein a (see, e.g., US5831012) (e.g., Affibody®), A domains of membrane receptors stabilized by disulfide bonds and Ca2+ (see, e.g., US7803907) (e.g., Avimer / Maxibody®), a serum transferrin (see, e.g., US2004023334) (e.g., Transbody®); a designed ankyrin repeat protein (see, e.g., US7417130) (e.g., DARPin®), a fibronectin (see, e.g., US6818418) (e.g., AdNectin®), a C- type lectin domain (see, e.g., US2004132094) (e.g., Tetranectin®); a human gamma-crystallin or ubiquitin (see, e.g., US7838629) (e.g., Affilin®); a kunitz type domain of human proteaseAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 inhibitors (see, e.g., US2004209243), C-Type Lectins (see, e.g., US2004132094) (e.g., Tetranectins®), cysteine knots or knottins (see, e.g., US7186524) (e.g., Microbodies®), nucleic acid aptamers (see, e.g., US5475096), thioredoxin A scaffold (see, e.g., US6004746) (peptide aptamers), and 10th type III domain of fibronectin (see, e.g., US6818418) (e.g., AdNectins®), and cystine-dense peptides (see, e.g., WO2023023031). Additional exemplary antibody-like scaffolds are known in the art and for example described in Storz U. Intellectual property protection: strategies for antibody inventions. MAbs. 2011;3(3):310-317. doi:10.4161 / mabs.3.3.15530. The entire contents of each of the foregoing references is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. Antibody like scaffolds include e.g., naturally occurring antigen binders, variant (e.g., functional variants) of naturally occurring antigen binders, fragments (e.g., functional fragments) of naturally occurring antigen binders, and synthetic antigen binders (i.e., not naturally occurring antigen binders).

[0143] The terms “CH1” and “CH1 region” are used interchangeably herein and refer to the first constant region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain. The amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference hIgG1 CH1 region is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 90; and the amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference hIgG4 CH1 region is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 103.

[0144] The terms “CH2” and “CH2 region” are used interchangeably herein and refer to the second constant region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain. The amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference hIgG1 CH2 region is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 92; and the amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference hIgG4 CH2 region is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 106.

[0145] The terms “CH3” and “CH3 region” are used interchangeably herein and refer to the third constant region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain. The amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference hIgG1 CH3 region is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 93; and the amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference hIgG4 CH3 region is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 107.

[0146] As used herein, the term “chimeric antigen receptor” or “CAR” refers to a recombinant polypeptide construct comprising at least an extracellular antigen-binding domain (e.g., comprising a immunoreceptor inhibitory protein described herein), a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular signaling domain comprising one or more functional signaling domains derived from a stimulatory molecule. In some embodiments, the domains in the CAR polypeptide construct are in the same polypeptide chain. In some embodiments, the domains in the CAR polypeptide construct are not contiguous with each other, for example, are in different polypeptide chains.Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01

[0147] As used herein, the term “circular RNA” refers to a translatable RNA molecule that forms a circular structure through covalent or non-covalent bonds. In some embodiments, the circular RNA is covalently closed.

[0148] As used herein, the term “conjugation” refers to chemical conjugation of a protein with a moiety (e.g., small molecule, polypeptide, nucleic acid molecule, carbohydrate, lipid, synthetic polymer (e.g., polymers of polyethylene glycol (PEG)), etc.). The moiety can be directly connected to the protein or indirectly connected through a linker, e.g., as described herein. Chemical conjugation methods are well known in the art, as are commercially available conjugation reagents and kits, with detailed instructions for their use readily available from the commercial suppliers.

[0149] As used herein, the term “derived from,” with reference to a nucleic acid molecule refers to a nucleic acid molecule that has at least 70% sequence identity to a reference nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a naturally occurring nucleic acid molecule) or a fragment thereof. The term “derived from,” with reference to a protein refers to a protein that comprises an amino acid sequence that has at least 70% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of a reference protein (e.g., a naturally occurring protein). The term “derived from” as used herein does not denote any specific process or method for obtaining the nucleic acid molecule, polypeptide, or protein. For example, the nucleic acid molecule, polypeptide, or protein can be recombinantly produced or chemically synthesized.

[0150] As used herein the term “DcR3” or “Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 6B” refers to the receptor of the TNFSF that binds, e.g., FASL, LIGHT. The amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference immature human DR3 (hDR3) protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19 and the amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference mature hDR3 protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 20.

[0151] As used herein, the term “diagnosing” or “diagnosis” refers to a determination of the presence, absence, severity, or course of treatment of a disease (e.g., an infection, e.g., a viral infection). The term “diagnosing” encompasses an initial determination as well as subsequent determinations (e.g., monitoring) after the initial determination.

[0152] As used herein, the term “disease” refers to any abnormal condition that impairs physiological function. The term is used broadly to encompass any disorder, illness, abnormality, pathology, sickness, condition, or syndrome in which physiological function is impaired, irrespective of the nature of the etiology.Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01

[0153] The terms “DNA” and “polydeoxyribonucleotide” are used interchangeably herein and refer to macromolecules that include multiple deoxyribonucleotides that are polymerized via phosphodiester bonds. Deoxyribonucleotides are nucleotides in which the sugar is deoxyribose.

[0154] As used herein the term “DR3” or “Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 25” refers to the receptor of the TNFSF that binds, e.g., TL1A. The amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference immature human DR3 (hDR3) protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17 and the amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference mature hDR3 protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18.

[0155] The term “effector function” when used in reference to an antibody refers to those biological activities attributable to the Fc region of an antibody, which therefore vary with the antibody isotype. Antibody effector functions include, but are not limited to, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), Fc receptor binding (e.g., FcγRI, FcγRIIa, FcγRIIc, FcγRIIIa, and / or FcγRIIIb (e.g., FcγRI, FcγIIa, and / or FcγIIIa)), and Clq binding.

[0156] As used herein the term “FAS” or “Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 6” refers to the receptor of the TNFSF that binds, e.g., FASL. The amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference immature human FAS (hFAS) protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15 and the amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference mature hFAS protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 16.

[0157] As used herein the term “FASL” or “FAS Ligand” or “Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 6” refers to the immunomodulatory cytokine of the TNFSF. The amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference membrane human FASL (hFASL) protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 and the amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference soluble hFASL protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6.

[0158] As used herein, the term “Fc region” refers to the C-terminal region of an Ig heavy chain that comprises from N- to C-terminus at least a CH2 region operably connected to a CH3 region. In some embodiments, the Fc region comprises an Ig hinge region or at least a portion of an Ig hinge region operably connected to the N-terminus of the CH2 region. In some embodiments, the Fc region is engineered relative to a reference Fc region, see, e.g., § 5.4.5.4. Additional examples of proteins with engineered Fc regions can be found in Saunders 2019 (K. O. Saunders, “Conceptual Approaches to Modulating Antibody Effector Functions and Circulation Half-Life,”Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 2019, Frontiers in Immunology, V. 10, Art. 1296, pp. 1-20, the entire contents of which is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes).

[0159] The term “functional variant” as used herein in reference to a protein refers to a protein that comprises at least one but no more than 15%, not more than 12%, no more than 10%, no more than 8% amino acid variation (e.g., substitution, deletion, addition) compared to the amino acid sequence of a reference protein, wherein the protein retains at least one particular function of the reference protein. Not all functions of the reference protein (e.g., wild type) need be retained by the functional variant of the protein. In some instances, one or more functions are selectively reduced or eliminated. In some embodiments, the reference protein is a wild type protein. For example, a functional variant of a TNF superfamily ligand binding protein can refer to a TNF superfamily ligand binding protein comprising one or more amino acid substitution as compared to a reference TNF superfamily ligand binding protein (e.g., a wild type protein) that retains the ability to specifically bind the TNF superfamily ligand.

[0160] The term “functional fragment” as used herein in reference to a protein refers to a fragment of a reference protein that retains at least one particular function. Not all functions of the reference protein need be retained by a functional fragment of the protein. In some instances, one or more functions are selectively reduced or eliminated. In some embodiments, the reference protein is a wild type protein. For example, a functional fragment of a TNF superfamily ligand binding protein can refer to a fragment of a TNF superfamily ligand binding protein that retains the ability to specifically bind the TNF superfamily ligand.

[0161] As used herein, the term “fuse” and grammatical equivalents thereof refer to the operable connection of at least a first polypeptide to a second polypeptide, wherein the first and second polypeptides are not naturally found operably connected together. For example, the first and second polypeptides are derived from different proteins. The term fuse encompasses both a direct connection of the at least two polypeptides through a peptide bond, and the indirect connection through a linker (e.g., a peptide linker).

[0162] As used herein, the term “fusion protein” and grammatical equivalents thereof refers to a protein that comprises at least one polypeptide operably connected to another polypeptide, wherein the first and second polypeptides are not naturally found operably connected together. For example, the first and second polypeptides of the fusion protein are each derived from different proteins. The at least two polypeptides of the fusion protein can be directly operably connectedAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 through a peptide bond; or can be indirectly operably connected through a linker (e.g., a peptide linker). Therefore, for example, the term fusion polypeptide encompasses embodiments, wherein Polypeptide A is directly operably connected to Polypeptide B through a peptide bond (Polypeptide A – Polypeptide B), and embodiments, wherein Polypeptide A is operably connected to Polypeptide B through a peptide linker (Polypeptide A – peptide linker – Polypeptide B).

[0163] As used herein, the term “half-life extension moiety” refers to a moiety (e.g., small molecule, polypeptide, nucleic acid molecule, carbohydrate, lipid, synthetic polymer (e.g., polymers of PEG), etc.) that when conjugated or otherwise operably connected (e.g., fused) to a protein (the subject protein), increases the half-life of the subject protein in vivo when administered to a subject (e.g., a human subject). The pharmacokinetic properties of the protein can be evaluated utilizing in vivo models known in the art.

[0164] As used herein, the term “half-life extension polypeptide” or “half-life extension protein” refers to a protein that when operably connected to another protein (the subject protein), increases the half-life of the subject protein in vivo when administered to a subject (e.g., a human subject). The pharmacokinetic properties of the protein can be evaluated utilizing in vivo models known in the art.

[0165] As used herein, the term “heterologous”, when used to describe a first element in reference to a second element means that the first element and second element do not exist in nature disposed as described. For example, a polypeptide comprising a “heterologous moiety” means a polypeptide that is joined to a moiety (e.g., small molecule, polypeptide, nucleic acid molecule, carbohydrate, lipid, synthetic polymer (e.g., polymers of PEG), etc.) that is not joined to the polypeptide in nature. In one embodiment, the heterologous moiety is not derived from a protein comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200. For example, a non-limiting example of a heterologous moiety is a heterologous polypeptide (as defined herein). In one embodiment, the heterologous polypeptide is a polypeptide derived from a protein other than a protein comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200. For example, a non-limiting example of a heterologous polypeptide, as described herein, is a human Ig Fc region.

[0166] As used, herein the term “heterologous signal peptide” refers to a signal peptide that is not operably connected to a subject protein in nature. For example, in reference to a polypeptide comprising a signal peptide from human IL-2 operably connected to human IL-12, the human IL-Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 2 signal peptide would constitute a heterologous signal peptide. The terms “signal peptide” and “signal sequence” are used interchangeably herein.

[0167] The terms “hinge” or “hinge region” are used interchangeably herein and refer to the hinge region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain. The amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference hIgG1 hinge region is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 91; and the amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference hIgG4 hinge region is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 104.

[0168] As used herein, the term “homologous signal peptide” refers to a signal peptide that is operably connected to a subject protein in nature. For example, in reference to a polypeptide comprising a signal peptide from human IL-2 operably connected to human IL-2, the human IL-2 signal peptide would constitute a homologous signal peptide.

[0169] As used herein, the term “immunogen” refers to a substance that is capable of inducing an immune response (e.g., an adaptive immune response) in a subject (e.g., a human subject). An immunogen may have one or more isoforms, sequence variants, or splice variants that have equivalent biological and immunological activity, and are thus also considered for the purposes of this disclosure to be immunogenic equivalents of the immunogen.

[0170] As used herein, the term “immunogenic peptide or protein” refers to a peptide or protein that comprises an immunogen.

[0171] As used herein, the term “immunoreceptor inhibitory protein” refers to a protein (e.g., a protein described herein) that inhibits (e.g., partially, fully) a function of one or more immune receptor (e.g., one or more of TNFSF receptor). Exemplary functions include binding to a cognate ligand (e.g., one or more cognate TNFSF ligand), signaling (e.g., signaling induced by binding to a cognate ligand), etc.

[0172] As used herein, the term “in combination with” means that two (or more) different agents or treatments are administered to a subject as part of a defined treatment regimen for a particular disease or condition. The treatment regimen defines the doses and periodicity of administration of each agent such that the effects of the separate agents on the subject overlap. In some embodiments, the delivery of the two or more agents is simultaneous or concurrent and the agents may be co-formulated. In other embodiments, the two or more agents are not co-formulated and are administered in a sequential manner as part of a prescribed. In some embodiments, administration of two or more agents or treatments in combination is such that the reduction in a symptom, or other parameter related to the condition is greater than what would be observed withAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 one agent or treatment delivered alone or in the absence of the other. The effect of the two treatments can be partially additive, wholly additive, or greater than additive (e.g., synergistic). Sequential or substantially simultaneous administration of each therapeutic agent can be effected by any appropriate route including, but not limited to, oral routes, intravenous routes, and intramuscular routes. The therapeutic agents can be administered by the same route or by different routes.

[0173] As used herein, the term “isolated” with reference to a polypeptide, protein, or nucleic acid molecule refers to a polypeptide, protein, or nucleic acid molecule that is substantially free of other cellular components with which it is associated in the natural state.

[0174] As used herein the term “LIGHT” or “Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14” refers to the immunomodulatory cytokine of the TNFSF. The amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference membrane human LIGHT (hLIGHT) protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3 and the amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference soluble hLIGHT protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4.

[0175] As used herein the term “LIGHTR” or “Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 14” refers to the receptor of the TNFSF that binds, e.g., LIGHT. The amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference immature human LIGHTR (hLIGHTR) protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13 and the amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference mature hLIGHTR protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14.

[0176] As used herein the term “LTβR” or “Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 3” refers to the receptor of the TNFSF that binds, e.g., LIGHT. The amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference immature human LTβR (hLTβR) protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 21 and the amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference mature hLTβR protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22.

[0177] As used herein, the term “moiety” is used generically to describe any macro or micro molecule that can be operably connected to a protein described herein. Exemplary moieties include, but are not limited small molecules, polypeptides, nucleic acid molecules (e.g., DNA, RNA), carbohydrates, lipids, synthetic polymers (e.g., polymers of PEG).

[0178] As used herein, the term “modified nucleotide,” “nucleotide modification,” or use of the term “modification” and the like in reference to a nucleotide or nucleic acid sequence refers to a nucleotide comprising a chemical modification, e.g., a modified sugar moiety, a modifiedAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 nucleobase, and / or a modified internucleoside linkage, or any combination thereof. Exemplary modifications are provided herein, see, e.g., § 5.5.4.2. In certain embodiments of the instant disclosure, inclusion of a deoxynucleotide - which is acknowledged as a naturally occurring form of nucleotide - if present within an RNA molecule is considered to constitute a modified nucleotide.

[0179] As used herein, the term “obtaining a sample” refers to the acquisition of a sample. The term includes the direct acquisition from a subject and the indirect acquisition through one or more third parties wherein one of the third parties directly acquired the sample from the subject.

[0180] As used herein, the term “operably connected” refers to the linkage of two moieties in a functional relationship. For example, a polypeptide is operably connected to another polypeptide when they are linked (either directly or indirectly via a peptide linker) in frame such that both polypeptides are functional (e.g., a fusion protein described herein). Or for example, a transcription regulatory nucleic acid molecule e.g., a promoter, enhancer, or other expression control element is operably linked to a nucleic acid molecule that encodes a protein if it affects the transcription of the nucleic acid molecule that encodes the protein. The term “operably connected” can also refer to the conjugation of a moiety to e.g., a nucleic acid molecule or polypeptide (e.g., the conjugation of a PEG polymer to a protein).

[0181] The determination of “percent identity” between two sequences (e.g., peptide or protein (amino acid sequences) or polynucleotide (nucleic acid sequences)) can be accomplished using a mathematical algorithm. A specific, non-limiting example of a mathematical algorithm utilized for the comparison of two sequences is the algorithm of Karlin S & Altschul SF (1990) PNAS 87: 2264-2268, modified as in Karlin S & Altschul SF (1993) PNAS 90: 5873-5877, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. Such an algorithm is incorporated into the NBLAST and XBLAST programs of Altschul SF et al., (1990) J Mol Biol 215: 403, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. BLAST nucleotide searches can be performed with the NBLAST nucleotide program parameters set, e.g., for score=100, wordlength=12 to obtain nucleotide sequences homologous to a nucleic acid molecule described herein. BLAST protein searches can be performed with the XBLAST program parameters set, e.g., to score 50, wordlength=3 to obtain amino acid sequences homologous to a protein molecule described herein. To obtain gapped alignments for comparison purposes, Gapped BLAST can be utilized as described in Altschul SF et al., (1997) Nuc Acids Res 25: 3389-3402, which is herein incorporatedAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 by reference in its entirety. Alternatively, PSI BLAST can be used to perform an iterated search which detects distant relationships between molecules (Id.). When utilizing BLAST, Gapped BLAST, and PSI Blast programs, the default parameters of the respective programs (e.g., of XBLAST and NBLAST) can be used (see, e.g., National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) on the worldwide web, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Another specific, non-limiting example of a mathematical algorithm utilized for the comparison of sequences is the algorithm of Myers and Miller, 1988, CABIOS 4:11-17, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. Such an algorithm is incorporated in the ALIGN program (version 2.0) which is part of the GCG sequence alignment software package. When utilizing the ALIGN program for comparing amino acid sequences, a PAM120 weight residue table, a gap length penalty of 12, and a gap penalty of 4 can be used. The percent identity between two sequences can be determined using techniques similar to those described above, with or without allowing gaps. In calculating percent identity, typically only exact matches are counted.

[0182] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutical composition” means a composition that is suitable for administration to an animal, e.g., a human subject, and comprises a therapeutic agent and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. A “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent” means a substance intended for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and / or non-human animals, and without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable therapeutic benefit / risk ratio.

[0183] As used herein, the term “plurality” means 2 or more (e.g., 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 9 or more, or 10 or more).

[0184] As used herein, the term “poly(A) sequence,” refers to a sequence of adenosine nucleotides, typically located at the 3'-end of a coding linear RNA, of up to about 1000 adenosine nucleotides. In some embodiments, the poly(A) sequence is essentially homopolymeric, e.g., a poly(A) sequence of e.g., 100 adenosine nucleotides having essentially the length of 100 nucleotides. In other embodiments, the poly(A) sequence may be interrupted by at least one nucleotide different from an adenosine nucleotide, e.g., a poly(A) sequence of e.g., 100 adenosine nucleotides may have a length of more than 100 nucleotides (comprising 100 adenosine nucleotides and in addition said at least one nucleotide - or a stretch of nucleotides - different from an adenosine nucleotide). It has to be understood that “poly(A) sequence” as defined herein typically relates to mRNA - however in the context of the invention, the term likewise relates toAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 corresponding sequences in a DNA molecule (e.g., a “poly(T) sequence”).

[0185] The terms “polynucleotide” and “nucleic acid molecule” are used interchangeably herein and refer to a polymer of DNA or RNA. The nucleic acid molecule can be single-stranded or double-stranded; contain natural, non-natural, or altered nucleotides; and contain a natural, non- natural, or altered internucleotide linkage, such as a phosphoroamidate linkage or a phosphorothioate linkage, instead of the phosphodiester found between the nucleotides of an unmodified nucleic acid molecule. Nucleic acid molecules include, but are not limited to, all nucleic acid molecules which are obtained by any means available in the art, including, without limitation, recombinant means, e.g., the cloning of nucleic acid molecules from a recombinant library or a cell genome, using ordinary cloning technology and polymerase chain reaction, and the like, and by synthetic means. The skilled artisan will appreciate that, except where otherwise noted, nucleic acid sequences set forth in the instant application will recite thymidine (T) in a representative DNA sequence but where the sequence represents RNA (e.g., mRNA), the thymidines (Ts) would be substituted for uracils (Us). Thus, any of the RNA molecules encoded by a DNA identified by a particular sequence identification number may also comprise the corresponding RNA (e.g., mRNA) sequence encoded by the DNA, where each thymidine (T) of the DNA sequence is substituted with uracil (U).

[0186] As used herein, the terms “protein” and “polypeptide” refers to a polymer of at least 2 (e.g., at least 5) amino acids linked by a peptide bond. The term “polypeptide” does not denote a specific length of the polymer chain of amino acids. It is common in the art to refer to shorter polymers of amino acids (e.g., approximately 2-50 amino acids) as peptides; and to refer to longer polymers of amino acids (e.g., approximately over 50 amino acids) as polypeptides. However, the terms “peptide” and “polypeptide” and “protein” are used interchangeably herein. In some embodiments, the protein is folded into its three-dimensional structure. Where linear polypeptides are contemplated herein (i.e., primary structure (amino acid sequence)), it should be understood that proteins folded into their three-dimensional structure are also provided herein. Where proteins are contemplated herein (i.e., folded into their three-dimensional structure) polypeptides in their primary structure (i.e., the amino acid sequence) are also provided herein.

[0187] A “prophylactic” treatment is a treatment administered to a subject who does not exhibit signs of a disease or exhibits only early signs for the purpose of decreasing the risk of developing pathology.Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01

[0188] The terms “RNA” and “polyribonucleotide” are used interchangeably herein and refer to macromolecules that include multiple ribonucleotides that are polymerized via phosphodiester bonds. Ribonucleotides are nucleotides in which the sugar is ribose. RNA may contain modified nucleotides; and contain natural, non-natural, or altered internucleotide linkages, such as a phosphoroamidate linkage or a phosphorothioate linkage, instead of the phosphodiester linkage found between the nucleotides of an unmodified nucleic acid molecule.

[0189] As used herein, the term “sample” encompass a variety of biological specimens obtained from a subject. Exemplary sample types include, e.g., blood and other liquid samples of biological origin (including, but not limited to, whole-blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), serum, plasma, urine, saliva, amniotic fluid, stool, synovial fluid, etc.), nasopharyngeal swabs, solid tissue samples such as biopsies (or cells derived therefrom and the progeny thereof), tissue cultures (or cells derived therefrom and the progeny thereof), and cell cultures (or cells derived therefrom and the progeny thereof). The term also includes samples that have been manipulated in any way after their procurement from a subject, such as by centrifugation, filtration, washing, precipitation, dialysis, chromatography, lysis, treatment with reagents, enriched for certain cell populations, refrigeration, freezing, staining, etc.

[0190] As used herein, the term “translatable RNA” refers to any RNA that encodes at least one polypeptide and can be translated to produce the encoded protein in vitro, in vivo, in situ or ex vivo. A translatable RNA may be an mRNA or a circular RNA encoding a polypeptide.

[0191] The term “(scFv)2” as used herein refers to an antibody that comprises a first and a second scFv operably connected (e.g., via a peptide linker). The first and second scFv can specifically bind the same or different antigens. In some embodiments, the first and second scFv are operably connected by a peptide linker.

[0192] The term “scFv-Fc” as used herein refers to an antibody that comprises a scFv operably linked (e.g., via a peptide linker) to an Fc domain or subunit of an Fc domain. In some embodiments, a scFv is operably connected to only a first Fc domain of a first and a second Fc domain pair. In some embodiments, a first scFv is operably connected to a first Fc domain and a second scFv is operably connected to a second Fc domain of a first and second Fc domain pair.

[0193] The term “(scFv)2-Fc” as used herein refers to a (scFv)2 operably linked (e.g., via a peptide linker) to an Fc domain or a subunit of an Fc domain. In some embodiments, a (scFv)2is operably connected to only a first Fc domain of a first and a second Fc domain pair. In someAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 embodiments, a first (scFv)2is operably connected to a first Fc domain and a second (scFv)2is operably connected to a second Fc domain of a first and second Fc domain pair.

[0194] As used herein, the term “single domain antibody” or “sdAb” refers to an antibody having a single monomeric variable antibody domain. A sdAb is able to specifically bind to a specific antigen. A VHH (as defined herein) is an example of a sdAb.

[0195] As used herein, the term “signal peptide” or “signal sequence” refers to a sequence (e.g., an amino acid sequence) that can direct the transport or localization of a protein to a certain organelle, cell compartment, or extracellular export. The term encompasses both the signal sequence peptide and the nucleic acid sequence encoding the signal peptide. Thus, references to a signal peptide in the context of a nucleic acid refers to the nucleic acid sequence encoding the signal peptide.

[0196] As used herein, the term “specifically binds” refers to preferential interaction, i.e., significantly higher binding affinity, between a first protein (e.g., a ligand) and a second protein (e.g., the ligand’s cognate receptor) relative to other amino acid sequences. Herein, when a first protein is said to “specifically bind” to a second protein, it is understood that the first protein specifically binds to an epitope of the second protein. The term “epitope” refers to the portion of the second protein that the first protein specifically recognizes. The term specifically binds includes molecules that are cross reactive with the same epitope of a different species. For example, an antibody that specifically binds human TL1A may be cross reactive with TL1A of another species (e.g., cynomolgus, murine, etc.), and still be considered herein to specifically bind human TL1A. A protein can specifically bind more than one different protein.

[0197] As used herein, the term “subject” includes any animal, such as a human or other animal. In some embodiments, the subject is a vertebrate animal (e.g., mammal, bird, fish, reptile, or amphibian). In some embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments, the method subject is a non-human mammal. In some embodiments, the subject is a non-human mammal is such as a non-human primate (e.g., monkeys, apes), ungulate (e.g., cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, camel, llama, alpaca, deer, horses, donkeys), carnivore (e.g., dog, cat), rodent (e.g., rat, mouse), or lagomorph (e.g., rabbit). In some embodiments, the subject is a bird, such as a member of the avian taxa Galliformes (e.g., chickens, turkeys, pheasants, quail), Anseriformes (e.g., ducks, geese), Paleaognathae (e.g., ostriches, emus), Columbiformes (e.g., pigeons, doves), or Psittaciformes (e.g., parrots).Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01

[0198] As used herein, the term “therapeutically effective amount” of a therapeutic agent refers to any amount of the therapeutic agent that, when used alone or in combination with another therapeutic agent, improves a disease condition, e.g., protects a subject against the onset of a disease (or infection); improves a symptom of disease or infection, e.g., decreases severity of disease or infection symptoms, decreases frequency or duration of disease or infection symptoms, increases disease or infection symptom-free periods; prevents or reduces impairment or disability due to the disease or infection; or promotes disease (or infection) regression. The ability of a therapeutic agent to improve a disease condition can be evaluated using a variety of methods known to the skilled practitioner, such as in human subjects during clinical trials, in animal model systems predictive of efficacy in humans, or by assaying the activity of the agent in in vitro assays.

[0199] As used herein, the terms “treat,” treating,” “treatment,” and the like refer to reducing or ameliorating a disease or infection and / or symptom(s) associated therewith or obtaining a desired pharmacologic and / or physiologic effect. It will be appreciated that, although not precluded, treating a disease or infection does not require that the disease or infection, or symptom(s) associated therewith be completely eliminated. In some embodiments, the effect is therapeutic, i.e., without limitation, the effect partially or completely reduces, diminishes, abrogates, abates, alleviates, decreases the intensity of, or cures a disease and / or adverse symptom attributable to the disease or infection. In some embodiments, the effect is preventative, i.e., the effect protects or prevents an occurrence or reoccurrence of a disease or infection. To this end, the presently disclosed methods comprise administering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition as described herein.

[0200] As used herein the term “TL1A” or “Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 15” refers to the immunomodulatory cytokine of the TNFSF. The amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference membrane human TL1A (hTL1A) protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 and the amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference soluble hTL1A protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8.

[0201] As used herein the term “TNFα” or “Tumor Necrosis Factor α” or “Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 2” refers to the multifunctional immunomodulatory cytokine of the TNFSF. The amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference membrane human TNFα (hTNFα) protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 and the amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference soluble hTNFα protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2.Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01

[0202] As used herein the term “TNFR1” or “Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 1A” refers to the receptor of the TNFSF that binds, e.g., TNFα. TNFR1 can be expressed both as a transmembrane protein and as a secreted protein through proteolytic processing. The amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference immature human TNFR1 (hTNFR1) protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 and the amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference mature hTNFR1 protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10.

[0203] As used herein the term “TNFR2” or “Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 1B” refers to the receptor of the TNFSF that binds, e.g., TNFα. The amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference immature human TNFR2 (hTNFR2) protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and the amino acid sequence of an exemplary reference mature hTNFR2 protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12.

[0204] As used herein, the term “variant” or “variation” with reference to a nucleic acid molecule, refers to a nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one substitution, alteration, inversion, addition, or deletion of nucleotide compared to a reference nucleic acid molecule. As used herein, the term “variant” or “variation” with reference to a protein refers to a protein that comprises at least one substitution, alteration, inversion, addition, or deletion of an amino acid residue compared to a reference protein.

[0205] As used herein, the term “variant Ig Fc fusion protein” refers to a fusion protein comprising an immunoreceptor inhibitory protein described herein and an Ig Fc region, wherein the Ig Fc region comprises one or more variation (e.g., one or more amino acid substitution, deletion, or addition)) that decreases or abolishes one or more Fc effector function, relative to a reference Ig Fc fusion protein that does not comprise the one or more variation.

[0206] The terms “VH” and “VH domain” are used interchangeably to refer to the heavy chain variable region of an antibody.

[0207] The term “VHH” as used herein refers to a type of single domain antibody (sdAb) that has a single monomeric heavy chain variable antibody domain (VH). Such antibodies can be found in or produced from camelid mammals (e.g., camels, llamas) which are naturally devoid of light chains or synthetically produced.

[0208] The terms “VL” and “VL domain” are used interchangeably to refer to the light chain variable region of an antibody.

[0209] As used herein, the term “5'-untranslated region” or “5'-UTR” refers to a part of aAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 nucleic acid molecule located 5' (i.e., “upstream”) of a coding sequence and which is not translated into protein. Typically, a 5'-UTR starts with the transcriptional start site and ends before the start codon of the coding sequence. A 5'-UTR may comprise elements for controlling gene expression, also called regulatory elements. Such regulatory elements may be, e.g., ribosomal binding sites, miRNA binding sites etc. The 5'-UTR may be post-transcriptionally modified, e.g., by enzymatic or post-transcriptional addition of a 5'-cap structure.

[0210] As used herein the term “3'-untranslated region” or “3'-UTR” refers to a part of a nucleic acid molecule located 3' (i.e., downstream) of a coding sequence and which is not translated into protein. A 3'-UTR may located between a coding sequence and an (optional) terminal poly(A) sequence of a nucleic acid sequence. A 3'-UTR may comprise elements for controlling gene expression, also called regulatory elements. Such regulatory elements may be, e.g., ribosomal binding sites, miRNA binding sites etc. 5.2 Immunoreceptor Inhibitory Proteins

[0211] The present disclosure provides, inter alia, immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins (IIPs) (and functional fragments and variants thereof) that specifically bind to TL1A (e.g., hTL1A). In specific embodiments, the IIPSs described herein specifically bind one or more TNF superfamily (TNFSF) ligands (e.g., a subset of human TNFSF ligands) (e.g., TL1A). The TNF superfamily of ligands and receptors regulates multiple cellular functions, including e.g., immune responses, cell proliferation, cell survival, cell differentiation, and programmed cell death. The TNF superfamily comprises 19 ligands and 29 receptors. Exemplary TNF superfamily ligands and their cognate receptors, include, e.g., TNFα and TNFR1 / TNFR2; FasL and Fas; LIGHT and LIGHTR and LTβR; and TL1A and DR3 / DcR3. A subset of TNF superfamily ligands are known to interact with more than one TNF superfamily receptor (e.g., TNFα is known to interact with both TNFR1 and TNFR2).

[0212] The amino acid sequence of exemplary reference human TNF superfamily ligands (e.g., human TNFα (hTNFα), human LIGHT (hLIGHT), human FasL (hFASL), and human TL1A (hTL1A)) and receptors (e.g., human TNFR1 (hTNFR1), human TNFR2 (hTNFR2), human LIGHTR (hLIGHTR), human FAS (hFAS), human DR3 (hDR3), and human DcR3 (hDcR3)) are set forth in Table 1 below. More specifically, the amino acid sequence of the membrane and soluble form of hTNFα is set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 2, respectively. The amino acid sequence of theAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 membrane and soluble form of hLIGHT is set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 3 and 4, respectively. The amino acid sequence of the membrane and soluble form of hFASL is set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 5 and 6, respectively. The amino acid sequence of the membrane and soluble form of hTL1A is set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 7 and 8, respectively. The amino acid sequence of the immature and mature form of hTNFR1 is set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 9 and 10, respectively. The amino acid sequence of the immature and mature form of hTNFR2 is set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 11 and 12, respectively. The amino acid sequence of the immature and mature form of hLIGHTR is set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 13 and 14, respectively. The amino acid sequence of the immature and mature form of hFAS is set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 15 and 16, respectively. The amino acid sequence of the immature and mature form of hDR3 is set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 17 and 18, respectively. The amino acid sequence of the immature and mature form of hDcR3 is set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 19 and 20, respectively. The amino acid sequence of the immature and mature form of hLTβR is set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 21 and 22, respectively. See Table 1, herein. Table 1. The Amino Acid Sequence of human TNF Superfamily Reference Ligands and Receptors. Description Amino Acid Sequence SEQ ID NOAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 MQQPFNYPYPQIYWVDSSASSPWAPPGTVLPCPTSVPRRPGQRRPP hFASL Membrane PPPPPPPLPPPPPPPPLPPLPLPPLKKRGNHSTGLCLLVMFFMVLV ALVGLGLGMFQLFHLQKELAELRESTSQMHTASSLEKQIGHPSPPPAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 APSSSSSSLESSASALDRRAPTRNQPQAPGVEASGAGEARASTGSS DSSPGGHGTQVNVTCIVNVCSSSDHSSQCSSQASSTMGDTDSSPSE SPKDEQVPFSKEECAFRSQLETPETLLGSTEEKPLPLGVPDAGMKPAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 GRFRDQQYEMLKRWRQQQPAGLGAVYAALERMGLDGCVEDLRSRLQ RGP QGGTRSPRCDCAGDFHKKIGLFCCRGCPAGHYLKAPCTEPCGNSTC

[0213] The present disclosure provides, inter alia, immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins (and functional fragments and variants thereof) that specifically bind TL1A. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins provided herein is set forth in Table 2. The amino acid sequence of the mature form of the immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins and polypeptides (i.e.,Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 lacking the native signal peptide) is set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199. The amino acid sequence of the immature form of the immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins (i.e., containing the native signal peptide) is set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189-190, or 200.

[0214] The signal peptides have been computationally predicted using standard methods (see, e.g., Teufel, F., Almagro Armenteros, J.J., Johansen, A.R. et al. SignalP 6.0 predicts all five types of signal peptides using protein language models. Nat Biotechnol (2022). https: / / doi.org / 10.1038 / s41587-021-01156-3, the entire contents of which is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes). A person of ordinary skill in the art would know how to experimentally identify and / or validate a computationally predicted signal peptide using standard methods known in the art, e.g., expression of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein from a host cell and sequencing of the intracellular form and the extracellular form of the expressed protein (see, e.g., Zhang Z, Henzel WJ. Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites. Protein Sci. 2004;13(10):2819-2824. doi:10.1110 / ps.04682504, the entire contents of which is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes). Table 2. The Amino Acid Sequence of Immunoreceptor Inhibitory Proteins. Description Amino Acid Sequence SEQ ID NOAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 IIP-8 STYKDEKTGLTCQKCPPGTYRKADCGLFSKTECAACGEGTYTDKDN without native signal NLSKCLKCSTCNEETEVEVQKCTATADTVCACKEGFTKNEKGECQ30e tideAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 peptide IIP-25 STYTNPSTGLTCSMCPPGTYLERDCSSSSGTVCKPCGPGTYTTAYN with t ntiv inl NLKSCKKCTKCDPKTEKVVKECTPTSNTVCECKPGFKFDSNGKCR47Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 with native signal EADCGENSKTVCKACGEGTYTDAPNHLPECKKCNTCDAETEVEVKA peptide CTATSDTVCACKEGFTVNENGECV IIP-7 MGKNSLVLTIGVLMTLITLRSSFSASTYTDSATGRTCSKCPPGTYRAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 IIP-23 MGKNSLVLTIGVLMTLITLRSSFSAATYTDPATGLVCELCPPGSYL with native signal AAPCTATTPTVCKPCPEGYYTTEPNALPRCLPCTTCNPETEVVIEP 76 etide CTPTSDTVCECKPGYSLNENGECV[ ] s suc , e n v ua mmunorecepor n ory proens (or unc ona ragments, functional variants, or functional fragment / variants thereof) are provided in Table 2.

[0216] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of a proteinAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 set forth in Table 2. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85% identical to the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 90% identical to the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2.

[0217] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises an amino acid sequence about 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises an amino acid sequence about 85% identical to the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises an amino acid sequence about 90% identical to the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises an amino acid sequence about 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises an amino acid sequence about 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises anAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 amino acid sequence about 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2.

[0218] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of an amino acid sequence at least about 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein consists of an amino acid sequence at least about 85% identical to the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of an amino acid sequence at least about 90% identical to the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of an amino acid sequence at least about 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of an amino acid sequence at least about 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2.

[0219] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of an amino acid sequence about 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of an amino acid sequence about 85% identical to the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of an amino acid sequence about 90% identical to the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of an amino acid sequence about 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of aAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 protein set forth in Table 2. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of an amino acid sequence about 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of an amino acid sequence about 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2.

[0220] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2, and further comprises at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2, and further consists of at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2, and further comprises about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2, and further consists of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2, and further comprises or no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.).Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01

[0221] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2, and further comprises at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2, and further consists of at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2, and further comprises about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2, and further consists of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence of a protein set forth in Table 2, and further comprises or no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.).

[0222] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises an amino acid sequence at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200. For example, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 85% identical to the aminoAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199- 200. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187- 190, or 199-200. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200.

[0223] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of an amino acid sequence at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200. For example, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200.

[0224] In embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises theAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200, and further comprises at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200, and further comprises about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200, and further consists of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199- 200, and further comprises or consists of no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.).

[0225] In embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200, and further comprises at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acidAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200, and further comprises about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200, and further consists of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199- 200, and further comprises or consists of no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.).

[0226] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200 and comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200 and comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein.

[0227] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises an amino acid sequence at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199. For example, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functionalAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187- 188, or 199. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199.

[0228] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of an amino acid sequence at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199. For example, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187- 188, or 199. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199.

[0229] In embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (orAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199, and further comprises at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199, and further comprises about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199, and further consists of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199, and further comprises or consists of no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.).

[0230] In embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199, and further comprises at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment,Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199, and further comprises about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199, and further consists of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199, and further comprises or consists of no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.).

[0231] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199 and comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199 and comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein.

[0232] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises an amino acid sequence at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189-190, or 200. For example, the amino acid sequence of theAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189-190, or 200. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189-190, or 200. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189- 190, or 200. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189-190, or 200.

[0233] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of an amino acid sequence at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189-190, or 200. For example, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189-190, or 200. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189-190, or 200. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189- 190, or 200. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189-190, or 200.Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01

[0234] In embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189-190, or 200, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189-190, or 200, and further comprises at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189-190, or 200, and further comprises about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189-190, or 200, and further consists of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189-190, or 200, and further comprises or consists of no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.).

[0235] In embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189-190, or 200, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189-190, or 200, and further comprises at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments,Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189-190, or 200, and further comprises about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189-190, or 200, and further consists of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189-190, or 200, and further comprises or consists of no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.).

[0236] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189-190, or 200 and comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 54-84, 189-190, or 200 and comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein.

[0237] In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises an amino acid sequence at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 ID NO: 24. For example, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of in SEQ ID NO: 24. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24.

[0238] In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of an amino acid sequence at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24. For example, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24.

[0239] In embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, and further comprises 1 or more but less thanAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, and further comprises at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, and further comprises about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, and further consists of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, and further comprises or consists of no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.).

[0240] In embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, and further comprises at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, and further comprises about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of theAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, and further consists of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, and further comprises or consists of no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.).

[0241] In specific embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In specific embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24 and comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24 and comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein.

[0242] In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises an amino acid sequence at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. For example, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequenceAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of in SEQ ID NO: 55. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55.

[0243] In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of an amino acid sequence at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. For example, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55.

[0244] In embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55, and further comprises at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g.,Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55, and further comprises about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55, and further consists of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55, and further comprises or consists of no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.).

[0245] In embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55, and further comprises at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55, and further comprises about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55, and further consists of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functionalAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55, and further comprises or consists of no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.).

[0246] In specific embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In specific embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55 and comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55 and comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein.

[0247] In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises an amino acid sequence at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188. For example, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of in SEQ ID NO: 188. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functionalAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188.

[0248] In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of an amino acid sequence at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188. For example, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188.

[0249] In embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188, and further comprises at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188, and further comprises about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of theAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188, and further consists of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188, and further comprises or consists of no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.).

[0250] In embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188, and further comprises at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188, and further comprises about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188, and further consists of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188, and further comprises or consists of no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.).

[0251] In specific embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises a homologousAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 signal peptide operably connected to the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In specific embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188 and comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N- terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 188 and comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein.

[0252] In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises an amino acid sequence at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190. For example, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of in SEQ ID NO: 190. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190.

[0253] In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of an amino acid sequence at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%,Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190. For example, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190.

[0254] In embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190, and further comprises at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190, and further comprises about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190, and further consists of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functionalAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190, and further comprises or consists of no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.).

[0255] In embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190, and further comprises at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190, and further comprises about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190, and further consists of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190, and further comprises or consists of no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.).

[0256] In specific embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In specific embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functionalAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190 and comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N- terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 190 and comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein.

[0257] In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises an amino acid sequence at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 187. For example, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 187. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of in SEQ ID NO: 187. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 187. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 187.

[0258] In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of an amino acid sequence at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 187. For example, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 187. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment,Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 187. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 187. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 187.

[0259] In embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 187, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 187, and further comprises at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 187, and further comprises about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 187, and further consists of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 187, and further comprises or consists of no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.).

[0260] In embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of theAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 187, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 187, and further comprises at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 187, and further comprises about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 187, and further consists of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 187, and further comprises or consists of no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.).

[0261] In specific embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In specific embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 187 and comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N- terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ IDAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 NO: 187 and comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein.

[0262] In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises an amino acid sequence at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189. For example, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of in SEQ ID NO: 189. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may comprise an amino acid sequence 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189.

[0263] In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of an amino acid sequence at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189. For example, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189. The amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189. In specific embodiments, theAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) may consist of an amino acid sequence 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189.

[0264] In embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189, and further comprises at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189, and further comprises about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189, and further consists of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189, and further comprises or consists of no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.).

[0265] In embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189, andAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 further comprises at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189, and further comprises about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189, and further consists of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.). In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189, and further comprises or consists of no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions, etc.).

[0266] In specific embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In specific embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189 and comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N- terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In specific embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 189 and comprises a homologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein.

[0267] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) no more than 120, 115, 110, 100, 95, 90, 80, 70, 60, or 50 amino acids in length. In someAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) is less than 120, 115, 110, 100, 95, 90, 80, 70, 60, or 50 amino acids in length. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or functional fragment / variant thereof) is from about 50-120, 50-110, 50-100, 50-90, 50-60, 60-120, 60-110, 60-100, 60-90, 60-80, 60-70, 70-120, 70-110, 70-100, 70-90, 70-80, 80-120, 80-110, 80- 100, 80-90, 90-120, 90-110, 90-100, 100-120, or 100-110. 5.3 Exemplary Properties of Immunoreceptor Inhibitory Proteins

[0268] In specific embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins described herein are immunosuppressive (e.g., when administered to a subject). In specific embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins described herein are anti-inflammatory (e.g., when administered to a subject). In specific embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins described herein suppress a pro-inflammatory response (e.g., when administered to a subject). In specific embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins described herein suppress a pro- inflammatory immune response (e.g., when administered to a subject). In specific embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein can act as a decoy receptor for a TNFSF ligand described herein.

[0269] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins described herein binds one or more of TNFSF ligands. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins described herein binds a subset of TNFSF ligands. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins described herein binds a plurality of TNFSF ligands. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein binds TL1A. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein binds hTL1A. In preferred embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds TL1A. In preferred embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds hTL1A.

[0270] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TL1A to DR3. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds to TL1A and inhibits reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TL1A to DR3. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTL1A to hDR3. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically bindsAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 to hTL1A and inhibits reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTL1A to hDR3. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits reduces (e.g., prevents) DR3 signaling. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits reduces (e.g., prevents) DR3 signaling mediated by DR3 binding to TL1A. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits reduces (e.g., prevents) NFκB activation. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits reduces (e.g., prevents) NFκB activation mediating through DR3. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits reduces (e.g., prevents) NFκB activation mediated through DR3 binding to TL1A.

[0271] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TL1A to DcR3. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds to TL1A and inhibits reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TL1A to DcR3. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTL1A to hDcR3. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds to hTL1A and inhibits reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTL1A to hDcR3. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits reduces (e.g., prevents) DcR3 signaling. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits reduces (e.g., prevents) DcR3 signaling mediated by DcR3 binding to TL1A.

[0272] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not specifically binds one or more of TNFα, LIGHT, and / or FASL. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not specifically bind 2 or 3 of TNFα, LIGHT, and / or FASL. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not specifically bind TNFα, LIGHT, and / or FASL. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not specifically bind TNFα, LIGHT, and / or FASL. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not specifically bind a plurality of TNFα, LIGHT, and / or FASL.

[0273] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not specifically binds one or more of hTNFα, hLIGHT, and / or hFASL. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not specifically bind 2 or 3 of hTNFα, hLIGHT, and / or hFASL. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not specifically bind hTNFα, hLIGHT, and / or hFASL. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not specifically bind hTNFα, hLIGHT, and / or hFASL. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not specifically bind a plurality of hTNFα, hLIGHT, and / or hFASL.Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01

[0274] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of one or more TNFSF ligand (e.g., TNFα, LIGHT, and / or FASL) to one or more of the TNFSF ligand’s (e.g., TNFα, LIGHT, and / or FASL) cognate receptor.

[0275] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein exhibits one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, and / or 5) of (a) does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent)binding of TNFα to TNFR1, (b) does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent)binding of TNFα to TNFR2, (c) does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent)binding of LIGHT to LIGHTR, (d) does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent)binding of LIGHT to LTβR, and / or (e) does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent)binding of FASL to FAS. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of TNFα to TNFR1. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of TNFα to TNFR2. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of LIGHT to LIGHTR. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of LIGHT to LTβR. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of FASL to FAS. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (a) does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of TNFα to TNFR1, (b) does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of TNFα to TNFR2, (c) does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of LIGHT to LIGHTR, (d) does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of LIGHT to LTβR, and (e) does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of FASL to FAS.

[0276] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein exhibits one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, and / or 5) of (a) does not specifically bind to TNFα and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of TNFα to TNFR1, (b) does not specifically bind to TNFα and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of TNFα to TNFR2, (c) does not specifically bind to LIGHT and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of LIGHT to LIGHTR, (d) does not specifically bind to LIGHT and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of LIGHT to LTβR, and / or (e) does not specifically bind to FASL and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of FASL to FAS. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not specifically bind to TNFα and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of TNFα to TNFR1. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not specifically bind to TNFα and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of TNFα to TNFR2. In some embodiments,Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not specifically bind to LIGHT and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of LIGHT to LIGHTR. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not specifically bind to LIGHT and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of LIGHT to LTβR. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not specifically bind to FASL and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of FASL to FAS. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (a) does not specifically bind to TNFα and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of TNFα to TNFR1, (b) does not specifically bind to TNFα and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of TNFα to TNFR2, (c) does not specifically bind to LIGHT and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of LIGHT to LIGHTR, (d) does not specifically bind to LIGHT and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of LIGHT to LTβR, and (e) does not specifically bind to FASL and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of FASL to FAS.

[0277] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein exhibits one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, and / or 5) of (a) does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR1, (b) does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR2, (c) does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hLIGHT to hLIGHTR, (d) does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hLIGHT to hLTβR, and / or (e) does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hFASL to hFAS. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR1. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR2. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hLIGHT to hLIGHTR. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hLIGHT to hLTβR. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of FASL to FAS. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (a) does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR1, (b) does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR2, (c) does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hLIGHT to hLIGHTR, (d) does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hLIGHT to hLTβR, and (e) does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hFASL to hFAS.

[0278] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein exhibits one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, and / or 5) of (a) does not specifically bind to hTNFα and does not inhibit or reduceAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 (e.g., prevent) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR1, (b) does not specifically bind to hTNFα and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR2, (c) does not specifically bind to hLIGHT and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hLIGHT to hLIGHTR, (d) does not specifically bind to hLIGHT and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hLIGHT to hLTβR, and / or (e) does not specifically bind to hFASL and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hFASL to hFAS. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not specifically bind to hTNFα and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR1. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not specifically bind to hTNFα and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR2. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not specifically bind to hLIGHT and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hLIGHT to hLIGHTR. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not specifically bind to hLIGHT and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hLIGHT to hLTβR. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not specifically bind to hFASL and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hFASL to hFAS. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (a) does not specifically bind to hTNFα and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR1, (b) does not specifically bind to hTNFα and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR2, (c) does not specifically bind to hLIGHT and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hLIGHT to hLIGHTR, (d) does not specifically bind to hLIGHT and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hLIGHT to hLTβR, and (e) does not specifically bind to hFASL and does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of hFASL to hFAS.

[0279] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not specifically bind heparan sulfate proteoglycans. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein does not comprise a heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding domain.

[0280] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory proteins described herein bind a subset (e.g., one or more) of TNFSF ligands. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds one or more of TNFα, LIGHT, FASL, and / or TL1A. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds 2, 3, or 4 of TNFα, LIGHT, FASL, and / or TL1A. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds TNFα, LIGHT, FASL, and / or TL1A. In some embodiments, theAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds TNFα, LIGHT, FASL, and TL1A. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds a plurality of TNFα, LIGHT, FASL, and / or TL1A.

[0281] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds one or more of hTNFα, hLIGHT, hFASL, and / or hTL1A. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds 2, 3, or 4 of hTNFα, hLIGHT, hFASL, and / or hTL1A. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds hTNFα, hLIGHT, hFASL, and / or hTL1A. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds hTNFα, hLIGHT, hFASL, and hTL1A. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds a plurality of hTNFα, hLIGHT, hFASL, and / or hTL1A.

[0282] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of one or more TNFSF ligand (e.g., TNFα, LIGHT, FASL, and / or TL1A) to one or more of the TNFSF ligand’s (e.g., TNFα, LIGHT, FASL, and / or TL1A) cognate receptor.

[0283] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein exhibits one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and / or 6) of (a) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TNFα to TNFR1, (b) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TNFα to TNFR2, (c) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of LIGHT to LIGHTR, (d) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of LIGHT to LTβR, (e) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of FASL to FAS, and / or (f) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TL1A to DR3. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TNFα to TNFR1. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TNFα to TNFR2. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of LIGHT to LIGHTR. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of LIGHT to LTβR. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of FASL to FAS. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TL1A to DR3. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (a) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TNFα to TNFR1, (b) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TNFα to TNFR2, (c) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of LIGHT to LIGHTR, (d) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of LIGHT to LTβR,Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 (e) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of FASL to FAS, and / or (f) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TL1A to DR3.

[0284] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein exhibits one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and / or 6) of (a) specifically binds to TNFα and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TNFα to TNFR1, (b) specifically binds to TNFα and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TNFα to TNFR2, (c) specifically binds to LIGHT and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of LIGHT to LIGHTR, (d) specifically binds to LIGHT and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of LIGHT to LTβR, (e) specifically binds to FASL and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of FASL to FAS, and / or (f) specifically binds to TL1A and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TL1A to DR3. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds to TNFα and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TNFα to TNFR1. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds to TNFα and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TNFα to TNFR2. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds to LIGHT and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of LIGHT to LIGHTR. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds to LIGHT and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of LIGHT to LTβR. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds to FASL and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of FASL to FAS. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds to TL1A and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TL1A to DR3. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (a) specifically binds to TNFα and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TNFα to TNFR1, (b) specifically binds to TNFα and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TNFα to TNFR2, (c) specifically binds to LIGHT and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of LIGHT to LIGHTR, (d) specifically binds to LIGHT and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of LIGHT to LTβR, (e) specifically binds to FASL and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of FASL to FAS, and (f) specifically binds to TL1A and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of TL1A to DR3.

[0285] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein exhibits one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and / or 6) of (a) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR1, (b) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR2, (c) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hLIGHT to hLIGHTR, (d) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding ofAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 hLIGHT to hLTβR, (e) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hFASL to hFAS, and / or (f) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTL1A to hDR3. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR1. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR2. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hLIGHT to hLIGHTR. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hLIGHT to hLTβR. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of FASL to FAS. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTL1A to hDR3. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (a) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR1, (b) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR2, (c) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hLIGHT to hLIGHTR, (d) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hLIGHT to hLTβR, (e) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hFASL to hFAS, and (f) inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTL1A to hDR3.

[0286] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein exhibits one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and / or 6) of (a) specifically binds to hTNFα and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR1, (b) specifically binds to hTNFα and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR2, (c) specifically binds to hLIGHT and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hLIGHT to hLIGHTR, (d) specifically binds to hLIGHT and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hLIGHT to hLTβR, (e) specifically binds to hFASL and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hFASL to hFAS, and / or (f) specifically binds to hTL1A and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTL1A to hDR3. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds to hTNFα and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR1. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds to hTNFα and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR2. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds to hLIGHT and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hLIGHT to hLIGHTR. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds to hLIGHT and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hLIGHT to hLTβR. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds to hFASL and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding ofAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 hFASL to hFAS. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds to hTL1A and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTL1A to hDR3. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (a) specifically binds to hTNFα and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR1, (b) specifically binds to hTNFα and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTNFα to hTNFR2, (c) specifically binds to hLIGHT and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hLIGHT to hLIGHTR, (d) specifically binds to hLIGHT and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hLIGHT to hLTβR, (e) specifically binds to hFASL and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hFASL to hFAS, and (f) specifically binds to hTL1A and inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTL1A to hDR3.

[0287] For the sake of clarity, and as further described herein, where an immunoreceptor inhibitory protein described herein specifically binds more than one TNFSF ligand (e.g., specifically binds TNFα, LIGHT, FASL, and TL1A), the binding affinity of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein for each TNFSF ligand can vary.

[0288] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein specifically binds heparan sulfate proteoglycans. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein comprises a heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding domain.

[0289] In some embodiments, the protein specifically binds to trimeric forms of TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) and monomeric forms of TL1A (e.g., hTL1A). In some embodiments, the protein preferentially specifically binds to trimeric forms of TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) relative to monomeric forms of TL1A (e.g., hTL1A). In some embodiments, the protein specifically binds to trimeric forms of TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) with higher affinity relative to monomeric forms of TL1A (e.g., hTL1A). In some embodiments, the protein specifically binds to trimeric forms of TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) with higher affinity relative to monomeric forms of TL1A (e.g., hTL1A), as measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) (e.g., as described in Example 10).

[0290] In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) is higher than the binding affinity of the protein to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A). In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10-fold higher than the binding affinity of the protein to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A).

[0291] In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) is higher than the binding affinity of the protein to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A), asAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10). In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10-fold higher than the binding affinity of the protein to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A), as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10).

[0292] In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-trimer) is higher than the binding affinity of the protein to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-monomer). In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-trimer) is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10-fold higher than the binding affinity of the protein to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-monomer).

[0293] In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-trimer) is higher than the binding affinity of the protein to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-monomer), as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10). In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-trimer) is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10-fold higher than the binding affinity of the protein to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-monomer), as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10).

[0294] In some embodiments, the KD value of the protein binding to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) (KD-trimer) is lower than the KD value of the protein binding to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) (KD-monomer). In some embodiments, the KD value of the protein binding to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) (KD-trimer) is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10-fold lower than the KD value of the protein binding to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) (KD-monomer).

[0295] In some embodiments, the KD value of the protein binding to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) (KD-trimer) is lower than the KD value of the protein binding to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) (KD-monomer), as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10). In some embodiments, the KD value of the protein binding to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) (KD-trimer) is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10-fold lower than the KD value of the protein binding to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) (KD-monomer), as measured by SPR (e.g., as described inAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 Example 10).

[0296] In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-trimer) is less than 20 pM, 15 pM, or 10 pM. In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-monomer) is more than 60 pM, 70 pM, or 80 pM.

[0297] In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-trimer) is less than 20 pM, 15 pM, or 10 pM, as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10). In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-monomer) is more than 60 pM, 70 pM, or 80 pM, as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10).

[0298] In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-trimer) is from about 1-20 pM, 1- 19 pM, 1-18 pM, 1-17 pM, 1-16 pM, 1-15 pM, 1-14 pM, 1-13 pM, 1-12 pM, 1-11 pM, 1-10 pM, 1-9 pM, 1-8 pM, 1-7 pM, 1-6 pM, 1-5 pM, 1-4 pM, 1-3 pM, 1-2 pM. In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-trimer) is from about 5-15 pM, 5-13 pM, 5-12 pM, 5-11 pM, 5-10 pM. In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-trimer) is from about 5-15 pM.

[0299] In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-trimer) is from about 1-20 pM, 1- 19 pM, 1-18 pM, 1-17 pM, 1-16 pM, 1-15 pM, 1-14 pM, 1-13 pM, 1-12 pM, 1-11 pM, 1-10 pM, 1-9 pM, 1-8 pM, 1-7 pM, 1-6 pM, 1-5 pM, 1-4 pM, 1-3 pM, 1-2 pM, as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10). In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-trimer) is from about 5-15 pM, 5-13 pM, 5-12 pM, 5-11 pM, 5-10 pM, as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10). In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-trimer) is from about 5-15 pM, as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10).

[0300] In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to monomeric TL1A (e.g.,Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-monomer) is from about 60-100 pM, 60-95 pM, 60-90 pM, 60-85 pM, 60-80 pM, 60-75 pM, 60-70 pM, or 60-65 pM. In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-monomer) is from about 65-85 pM, 65-80 pM, 70-85 pM, or 70-80 pM.

[0301] In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-monomer) is from about 60-100 pM, 60-95 pM, 60-90 pM, 60-85 pM, 60-80 pM, 60-75 pM, 60-70 pM, or 60-65 pM, as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10). In some embodiments, the binding affinity of the protein to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD- monomer) is from about 65-85 pM, 65-80 pM, 70-85 pM, or 70-80 pM, as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10).

[0302] In some embodiments, the association rate (ka) of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) (ka-trimer) is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10-fold higher than the association rate (ka) of the protein to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as (ka-monomer).

[0303] In some embodiments, the association rate (ka) of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) (ka-trimer) is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10-fold higher than the association rate (ka) of the protein to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as (ka-monomer) , as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10).

[0304] In some embodiments, the disassociation rate (kd) of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) (kd-trimer) is at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10-fold lower than the disassociation rate (kd) of the protein to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as (kd-monomer).

[0305] In some embodiments, the disassociation rate (kd) of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) (kd-trimer) is at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10-fold lower than the disassociation rate (kd) of the protein to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as (kd-monomer) , as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10).

[0306] Binding affinity can be measured by standard assays known in the art. For example, binding affinity can be measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) (e.g., BIAcore®-based assay), a common method known in the art (see, e.g., Wilson, Science 295:2103, 2002; Wolff et al., Cancer Res. 55:2560, 1993; and U.S. Patent Nos. 5,283,173, 5,468,614, the full contents of each of which are incorporated by reference herein for all purposes). SPR measures changes in theAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 concentration of molecules at a sensor surface as molecules bind to or dissociate from the surface. The change in the SPR signal is directly proportional to the change in mass concentration close to the surface, thereby allowing measurement of binding kinetics between two molecules (e.g., proteins). The dissociation constant for the complex can be determined by monitoring changes in the refractive index with respect to time as buffer is passed over the chip.

[0307] Other suitable assays for measuring the binding of one protein to another (e.g., binding of a protein described herein to a TNFSF ligand) include, for example, immunoassays such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and radioimmunoassays (RIA), or determination of binding by monitoring the change in the spectroscopic or optical properties of the proteins through fluorescence, UV absorption, circular dichroism, or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Other exemplary assays include, but are not limited to, Western blot, analytical ultracentrifugation, spectroscopy, flow cytometry, sequencing and other methods for detection of binding of proteins. 5.4 Immunoreceptor Inhibitory Protein Fusions & Conjugates

[0308] In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (e.g., described herein) is operably connected to a heterologous moiety (e.g., a heterologous polypeptide) forming a fusion or conjugate protein, respectively. As such, further provided herein are, inter alia, fusion proteins comprising an immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (e.g., described herein) and one or more heterologous proteins (or a functional fragment, functional variant, or domain thereof). Further provided herein are, inter alia, conjugates comprising an immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (e.g., described herein) (or a nucleic acid molecule encoding an immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (e.g., described herein) and one or more heterologous moieties.

[0309] Heterologous moieties can include a variety of molecules, that can be operably connected to the an immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (e.g., described herein). Such operable connection allows for the function of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (e.g., described herein) to be maintained when connected to the heterologous moiety.

[0310] Heterologous moieties include, but are not limited to, proteins, peptides, small molecules, nucleic acid molecules (e.g., DNA, RNA, DNA / RNA hybrid molecules), carbohydrates, lipids, synthetic polymers (e.g., polymers of PEG), and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the heterologous moiety is a detectable moiety (e.g., a protein, e.g., a fluorescent protein). In some embodiments, the heterologous moiety is an imaging agent. In someAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 embodiments, the heterologous moiety comprises a radioligand. In some embodiments, the heterologous moiety is a diagnostic agent. In some embodiments, the heterologous moiety is a non-effector moiety, e.g., a protein sequence that acts as a “handle” or linker but has otherwise no independent biological effect. In some embodiments, the heterologous moiety is a therapeutic agent.

[0311] In some embodiments, the heterologous moiety (e.g., protein) comprises an antibody, an antibody mimetic, or one or more Ig constant region (e.g., an Fc region). In some embodiments, the heterologous moiety comprises one or more Ig constant region (e.g., Fc region). In some embodiments, the heterologous moiety comprises an Fc region. The heterologous moiety can be any one or more of (any combination of) the foregoing. 5.4.1 Radioligands

[0312] In some embodiments, the heterologous moiety comprises a radioisotope. As such, provided herein are radioligands comprising an immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (e.g., described herein) operably connected (e.g., through a linker) to one more radioisotope. In some embodiments, the radioisotope acts as a therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the radioisotope acts as an imaging agent. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (e.g., described herein) acts as a targeting moiety for the radioisotope. In some embodiments, the radioisotope and the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein (e.g., described herein) are operably connected through a linker.

[0313] Radioisotopes are known in the art. See, e.g., Sgouros, G., Bodei, L., McDevitt, M.R. et al. Radiopharmaceutical therapy in cancer: clinical advances and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov 19, 589–608 (2020). https: / / doi.org / 10.1038 / s41573-020-0073-9; and Zhang, Longjiang et al. “Delivery of therapeutic radioisotopes using nanoparticle platforms: potential benefit in systemic radiation therapy.” Nanotechnology, science and applications vol.3159-70.3 Dec.2010, doi:10.2147 / NSA.S7462; the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

[0314] Exemplary radioisotopes include, but are not limited to, Lutetium-177, Radium-223, Iodine-131, Iodine-125, Fluorine-18, Ir-192, Xenon-133, Yttrium-90, Carbon-11, Idium-111, Strontium-89, Copper-67, Copper-64, Rhenium-186, Actinium-225, Astatine-211, Bismuth-213, Bismuth-212, Samarium-153, Holmium-166, Thorium-227, and Lead-212.Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01

[0315] Radioisotopes releases radiation as they break down and become more stable. As such, any radioisotope will be applicable to the radioligands described herein, independent of the specific species.

[0316] Methods of operably connecting proteins to radionuclides (e.g., through one or more linkers) are known in the art. See, e.g., Gupta, Suprit et al. “Antibody labeling with radioiodine and radiometals.” Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) vol. 1141 (2014): 147-57. doi:10.1007 / 978-1-4939-0363-4_9; Marion Chomet, State of the Art in Radiolabeling of Antibodies with Common and Uncommon Radiometals for Preclinical and Clinical Immuno-PET, Bioconjugate Chem.2021, 32, 7, 1315–1330; Martina Steiner, Dario Neri; Antibody-Radionuclide Conjugates for Cancer Therapy: Historical Considerations and New Trends. Clin Cancer Res 15 October 2011; 17 (20): 6406–6416. https: / / doi.org / 10.1158 / 1078-0432.CCR-11-0483; the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. 5.4.2 Chimeric Antigen Receptors

[0317] In some embodiments, an immunoreceptor inhibitory protein described herein is part of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). In some embodiments, an immunoreceptor inhibitory protein described herein is the extracellular antigen-binding domain of a CAR. Standard CAR domains are known in art, including, e.g., transmembrane domains and intracellular signaling domains. See, e.g., WO2024056809, WO2023240064A1, and WO2023205148A1, WO2023133092A1, the entire contents of each of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. The general structure and function of CARs is known the art (see, e.g., references cited above); and as such any CAR will be applicable to the CARs described herein, independent of the specific species.

[0318] Exemplary transmembrane domains include, e.g., the alpha, beta or zeta chain of T-cell receptor, CD28, CD3 epsilon, CD45, CD4, CD5, CD8 (for example, CD8 alpha, CD8 beta), CD9, CD 16, CD22, CD33, CD37, CD64, CD80, CD86, CD134, CD137, CD154. In some embodiments, a transmembrane domain may include at least the transmembrane region(s) of a costimulatory molecule, for example, MHC class I molecule, TNF receptor proteins, Immunoglobulin-like proteins, cytokine receptors, integrins, signaling lymphocytic activation molecules (SLAM proteins), activating NK cell receptors, BTLA, a Toll ligand receptor, OX40, CD2, CD7, CD27, CD28, CD30, CD40, CDS, ICAM-1, LFA-1 (CDlla / CD18), 4-1BB (CD137), B7-H3, CDS,Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 ICAM-1, ICOS (CD278), GITR, BAFFR, LIGHT, HVEM (LIGHTR), KIRDS2, SLAMF7, NKp80 (KLRF1), NKp44, NKp30, NKp46, CD 19, CD4, CD8alpha, CD8beta, IL2R beta, IL2R gamma, IL7R alpha, ITGA4, VLA1, CD49a, ITGA4, IA4, CD49D, ITGA6, VLA-6, CD49f, ITGAD, CDlld, ITGAE, CD103, ITGAL, CDlla, LFA-1, ITGAM, CDllb, ITGAX, CDllc, ITGB1, CD29, ITGB2, CD18, LFA-1, ITGB7, NKG2D, NKG2C, TNFR2, TRANCE / RANKL, DNAM1 (CD226), SLAMF4 (CD244, 2B4), CD84, CD96 (Tactile), CEACAM1, CRTAM, Ly9 (CD229), CD160 (BY55), PSGL1, CD100 (SEMA4D), CD69, SLAMF6 (NTB-A, Lyl08), SLAM (SLAMF1, CD 150, IPO-3), BLAME (SLAMF8), SELPLG (CD 162), LTBR, LAT, GADS, SLP- 76, PAG / Cbp, CD 19a, and a ligand that specifically binds with CD83. In some instances, the transmembrane domain can be attached to the extracellular region of the CAR, for example, the antigen-binding domain of the CAR, via a hinge, for example, a hinge from a human protein. For example, in some embodiments, the hinge can be a human Ig (immunoglobulin) hinge, for example, an IgG4 hinge, or a CD8a hinge.

[0319] Exemplary intracellular signaling domains include, e.g., the cytoplasmic sequences of the T cell receptor (TCR) and co-receptors that act in concert to initiate signal transduction following antigen receptor engagement, as well as any derivative or variant of these sequences and any recombinant sequence that has the same functional capability. In some embodiments, the intracellular signaling domain comprises a primary signaling domain and one or more costimulatory signaling domain. Exemplary primary signaling domains, include, e.g., intracellular signaling domains of TCR zeta, FcR gamma, FcR beta, CD3 gamma, CD3 delta, CD3 epsilon, CD5, CD22, CD79a, CD79b, CD278 (also known as “ICOS”), FccRI, DAP10, DAP12, CD32, and CD66d. Exemplary of proteins with costimulatory domains suitable for use in CAR described herein include, e.g., MHC class I molecule, TNF receptor proteins, Immunoglobulin-like proteins, cytokine receptors, integrins, signaling lymphocytic activation molecules (SLAM proteins), activating NK cell receptors, BTLA, a Toll ligand receptor, 0X40, CD2, CD7, CD27, CD28, CD30, CD40, CDS, ICAM-1, LFA-1 (CD1 la / CD18), 4-1BB (CD137), B7-H3, CDS, ICAM-1, ICOS (CD278), GITR, BAFFR, LIGHT, HVEM (LIGHTR), KIRDS2, SLAMF7, NKp80 (KLRFl), NKp44, NKp30, NKp46, CD 19, CD4, CD8alpha, CD8beta, IL2R beta, IL2R gamma, IL7R alpha, ITGA4, VLA1, CD49a, ITGA4, IA4, CD49D, ITGA6, VLA-6, CD49f, ITGAD, CD lid, ITGAE, CD 103, ITGAL, CDlla, LFA-1, ITGAM, CDllb, ITGAX, CDllc, ITGB1, CD29, ITGB2, CD18, LFA-1, ITGB7, NKG2D, NKG2C, TNFR2, TRANCE / RANKL, DNAM1Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 (CD226), SLAMF4 (CD244, 2B4), CD84, CD96 (Tactile), CEACAM1, CRT AM, Ly9 (CD229), CD 160 (BY55), PSGL1, CD100 (SEMA4D), CD69, SLAMF6 (NTB-A, Lyl08), SLAM (SLAMF1, CD150, IPO-3), BLAME (SLAMF8), SELPLG (CD 162), LTBR, LAT, GADS, SLP- 76, PAG / Cbp, CD 19a, and a ligand that specifically binds with CD83, and the like. 5.4.3 Signal Peptides

[0320] In some embodiments, the heterologous polypeptide is a heterologous signal peptide. Heterologous signal peptides are known in the art. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein comprises a heterologous signal peptide operably connected to the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In some embodiments, the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein comprises a heterologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200 and comprises a heterologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200 and comprises a heterologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199 and comprises a heterologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-53, 187-188, or 199 and comprises a heterologous signal peptide operably connected to the N-terminus of the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein.

[0321] Commonly used heterologous signal peptides are known in the art, for example, the native signal peptide of human interleukin 2 (hIL-2), human oncostatin M (hOSM), human chymotrypsinogen (hCTRB1), human trypsinogen 2 (hTRY2), and human insulin (hINS). A person of ordinary skill can determine the appropriate signal peptide using standard methodology known in the art. The amino acid sequence of exemplary signal peptides is provided in Table 3.Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 Table 3. The Amino Acid Sequence of Exemplary Signal Peptides. Description Amino Acid Sequence SEQ ID NO hIL-2MYRMQLLSCIALSLALVTNS85the amino acid sequence of any one of the signal peptides set forth in Table 3. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of the signal peptides set forth in Table 3, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of the signal peptides set forth in Table 3, comprising 1, 2, or 3 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, deletions, additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of the signal peptides set forth in Table 3, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of the signal peptides set forth in Table 3, comprising 1, 2, or 3 amino acid substitutions.

[0323] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence of any one of the signal peptides set forth in Table 3. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence of any one of the signal peptides set forth in Table 3, and further consists of 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence of any one of the signal peptides set forth in Table 3, comprising 1, 2, or 3 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, deletions, additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence of any one of the signal peptides set forth in Table 3, and further consists of 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments,Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence of any one of the signal peptides set forth in Table 3, comprising 1, 2, or 3 amino acid substitutions.

[0324] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 85-89. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 85-89, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 85-89, comprising 1, 2, or 3 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, deletions, additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 85-89, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 85-89, comprising 1, 2, or 3 amino acid substitutions.

[0325] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 85-89. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 85-89, and further consists of 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 85-89, comprising 1, 2, or 3 amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, deletions, additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 85-89, and further consists of 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 85-89, comprising 1, 2, or 3 amino acid substitutions. 5.4.4 Half-Life Extension Moieties

[0326] In some embodiments, the heterologous moiety (e.g., protein) is a half-life extensionAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 moiety (e.g., protein).

[0327] As described herein, half-life extension moieties increase the half-life of the subject protein in vivo when administered to a subject (e.g., a human subject) (e.g., relative to the subject protein absent the half-life extension moiety). As such, any half-life extension moiety (e.g., described herein, otherwise known in the art, etc.) will be applicable in the same way to the conjugate and fusion proteins described herein, independent of the specific species of half-life extension moiety utilized. Various moieties sharing said half-life extension property are known in the art and described herein. See, e.g., Ko S, Jo M, Jung ST. Recent Achievements and Challenges in Prolonging the Serum Half-Lives of Therapeutic IgG Antibodies Through Fc Engineering. BioDrugs. 2021;35(2):147-157. doi:10.1007 / s40259-021-00471-0 (hereinafter “Ko 2021”); Bech, E. M., Pedersen, S. L., & Jensen, K. J. (2018). Chemical Strategies for Half-Life Extension of Biopharmaceuticals: Lipidation and Its Alternatives. ACS medicinal chemistry letters, 9(7), 577–580. https: / / doi.org / 10.1021 / acsmedchemlett.8b00226 (hereinafter “Bech 2018”); Mester S, Evers M, Meyer S, et al. Extended plasma half-life of albumin-binding domain fused human IgA upon pH-dependent albumin engagement of human FcRn in vitro and in vivo. MAbs. 2021;13(1):1893888. doi:10.1080 / 19420862.2021.1893888 (hereinafter “Mester 2021”); Kontermann RE. Strategies for extended serum half-life of protein therapeutics. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2011;22(6):868-876. doi:10.1016 / j.copbio.2011.06.012 (hereinafter “Kontermann 2011”); Strohl W. R. (2015). Fusion Proteins for Half-Life Extension of Biologics as a Strategy to Make Biobetters. BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy, 29(4), 215–239. https: / / doi.org / 10.1007 / s40259-015-0133-6; Zaman R, Islam RA, Ibnat N, et al. Current strategies in extending half-lives of therapeutic proteins. J Control Release.2019;301:176- 189. doi:10.1016 / j.jconrel.2019.02.016; Chen C, Constantinou A, Chester KA, et al. Glycoengineering approach to half-life extension of recombinant biotherapeutics. Bioconjug Chem. 2012;23(8):1524-1533. doi:10.1021 / bc200624a; Gupta, Vijayalaxmi et al. “Protein PEGylation for cancer therapy: bench to bedside.” Journal of cell communication and signaling vol. 13,3 (2019): 319-330. doi:10.1007 / s12079-018-0492-0; Martin Schlapschy, et al, PASylation: a biological alternative to PEGylation for extending the plasma half-life of pharmaceutically active proteins, Protein Engineering, Design and Selection, Volume 26, Issue 8, August 2013, Pages 489–501, https: / / doi.org / 10.1093 / protein / gzt023; Strohl, William R. “Fusion Proteins for Half-Life Extension of Biologics as a Strategy to Make Biobetters.” BioDrugs :Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy vol. 29,4 (2015): 215-39. doi:10.1007 / s40259-015-0133-6; the entire contents of each of which are incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.

[0328] Exemplary half-life extension moieties include, but are not limited to, an immunoglobulin (e.g., human Ig (hIg), murine Ig (mIg)), a fragment of an Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg), an Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) constant region, a fragment of an Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) constant region, an Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region, human transferrin, a human transferrin binding moiety (e.g., small molecule, lipid, protein, peptide, etc.), human serum albumin (HSA), a fragment of HSA, an HSA binding moiety (e.g., small molecule, lipid, protein, peptide, etc.) (e.g., an antibody, a Streptococcal protein G (see, e.g., Mester 2021)), polyethylene glycol (PEG) (and polymers thereof) (e.g., pegylation), lipids, small molecules, carbohydrates (e.g., glycosylation, polysialic acid (polysialylation), hydroxyethyl starch (HES) (HESylation), heparosan (HEPylation)), acetylated peptides that bind HSA (see, e.g., Zorzi, A., Middendorp, S., Wilbs, J. et al. Acylated heptapeptide binds albumin with high affinity and application as tag furnishes long-acting peptides. Nat Commun 8, 16092 (2017). https: / / doi.org / 10.1038 / ncomms16092 (hereinafter “Zorzi 2017”), the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes).

[0329] In specific embodiments, the half-life extension moiety is HSA (or a functional fragment thereof). In specific embodiments, the half-life extension moiety is HSA binding moiety (e.g., small molecule, lipid, protein, peptide, etc.) (e.g., an acetylated peptide (see, e.g., )) (e.g., an antibody, a Streptococcal protein G (see, e.g., Mester 2021)). In specific embodiments, the half- life extension moiety is HSA binding antibody or antibody mimetic. In specific embodiments, the half-life extension moiety is polyethylene glycol (PEG) (and polymers thereof) (e.g., pegylation). In specific embodiments, the half-life extension moiety is an acetylated peptide that specifically bind HAS (see, e.g., Zorzi 2017).

[0330] In some embodiments, the heterologous polypeptide is a half-life extension polypeptide. Exemplary half-life extension polypeptides include, but are not limited to, an Ig, a fragment of an Ig, one or more Ig heavy chain constant region, a fragment of an Ig constant region, an Ig Fc region, a hIg, a fragment of a hIg, one or more hIg heavy chain constant region, a fragment of a hIg constant region, a hIg Fc region, a mIg, a fragment of a mIg, one or more mIg heavy chain constant region, a fragment of a mIg constant region, a mIg Fc region, human transferrin, a fragment of human transferrin, a human transferrin binding protein (e.g., an antibody) HSA, andAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 HSA binding proteins (e.g., an antibody, a Streptococcal protein G).

[0331] In some embodiments, the half-life extension polypeptide comprises an Ig Fc region (e.g., hIg Fc region). See, e.g., §§ 5.4.5.2, 5.4.5.3, and 5.4.5.4. In specific embodiments, the half- life extension polypeptide comprises an Ig Fc region described herein. In specific embodiments, the half-life extension polypeptide comprises an Ig Fc region described in any one of §§ 5.4.5.2, 5.4.5.3, or 5.4.5.4. Ig Fc regions of various isotypes, classes, and subclasses (e.g., IgG (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4)) (and variants (e.g., engineered variants (e.g., described herein))) share a common general property known in the art of enhancing half-life of proteins to which they are fused. As such, any Ig Fc region (e.g., described herein, known in the art, etc.) will work independently in the fusion proteins described herein regardless of the specific isotype, class, subclass, etc of the Ig Fc.

[0332] In some embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region of a fusion protein described herein comprises one or more amino acid variation (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)) that enhances serum half-life of the fusion protein (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)). See, e.g., § 5.4.5.3. In some embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region of a fusion protein described herein comprises one or more amino acid variation (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)) described in § 5.4.5.3.

[0333] In some embodiments, half-life extension is mediated through one or more of lipidation, glycosylation, polysialylation, HESylation, HEPylation, and / or pegylation. In some embodiments, half-life extension is mediated through one or more of lipidation, HESylation, HEPylation, and / or pegylation. In some embodiments, half-life extension is mediated through glycosylation. In some embodiments, half-life extension is mediated through polysialylation.

[0334] In some embodiments, the half-life extension moiety comprises one or more lipids. See, e.g., Bech 2018. In some embodiments, the half-life extension moiety comprises one or more post translational modifications (e.g., glycosylation, polysialylation, etc.).

[0335] In some embodiments, the half-life extension moiety (e.g., protein) is altered (e.g., compared to a reference half-life extension moiety (e.g., protein)) to further enhance half-life of the fusion protein or conjugate. Various alterations to known half-life extension moieties (e.g., proteins) are known in the art. See, e.g., Ko 2021, Bech 2018, Mester 2021, and Kontermann 2011.Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 Modifications include, e.g., amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions) and post translational modifications (e.g., altered lipidation, glycosylation, polysialylation, HESylation, HEPylation, pegylation, etc.).

[0336] The immunoreceptor inhibitory protein described herein fused or conjugated to a half- life extending moiety or a half-life extending moiety can be evaluated for their pharmacokinetic properties utilizing standard in vivo methods known in the art. See, e.g., Avery, Lindsay B et al. “Utility of a human FcRn transgenic mouse model in drug discovery for early assessment and prediction of human pharmacokinetics of monoclonal antibodies.” mAbs vol.8,6 (2016): 1064-78. doi:10.1080 / 19420862.2016.1193660; Conner, Christopher M et al. “A precisely humanized FCRN transgenic mouse for preclinical pharmacokinetics studies.” Biochemical pharmacology vol. 210 (2023): 115470. doi:10.1016 / j.bcp.2023.115470; and Kathryn Ball et al., PK and Biodistribution of Therapeutic Proteins, Drug Metabolism and Disposition June 1, 2022, 50 (6) 858-866; DOI: https: / / doi.org / 10.1124 / dmd.121.000463 (hereinafter “Ball 2022”), the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. 5.4.5 Ig Fusion Proteins 5.4.5.1 Antibody Fusion Proteins

[0337] In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises an antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody can act to further target the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein e.g., to a specified cell or tissue type expressing a specific protein (e.g., cell surface protein). As such, in some embodiments, the antibody is a targeting moiety. Exemplary antibodies include, full-length antibodies, scFvs, Fabs, single domain antibodies (e.g., VHHs), scFv-Fcs, Fab-Fcs, and single domain antibody-Fcs (e.g., VHH-Fcs). In some embodiments, the antibody comprises a full-length antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises a scFv. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises a Fab. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises a single domain antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises a VHH. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises an Fc region.

[0338] In specific embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises an antibody that specifically binds a cytokine (e.g., an interleukin). In specific embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises an antibody that specifically binds an interleukin (e.g., a human interleukin). In specific embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises an antibody that specifically bindsAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 interleukin 23 (IL-23). In specific embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises an antibody that specifically binds human IL-23.

[0339] In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises an antibody mimetic. In some embodiments, the antibody mimetic can act to further target the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein e.g., to a specified cell or tissue type expressing a specific protein (e.g., cell surface protein). As such, in some embodiments, the antibody mimetic is a targeting moiety.

[0340] In specific embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises an antibody mimetic that specifically binds a cytokine (e.g., an interleukin). In specific embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises an antibody mimetic that specifically binds an interleukin (e.g., a human interleukin). In specific embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises an antibody mimetic that specifically binds interleukin 23 (IL-23). In specific embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises an antibody mimetic that specifically binds human IL-23. 5.4.5.2 Ig Fusion Proteins

[0341] In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises one or more Ig heavy chain constant regions (e.g., a CH2 region, a CH3 region, a hinge region, an Fc region (e.g., in some embodiments, preferably an Fc region) (or any combination of the foregoing). In some embodiments, the Ig is an IgG. In some embodiments, the IgG is IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4 (e.g., in some embodiments preferably an IgG1 or IgG4).

[0342] In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises an IgG CH2 region and an IgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a partial IgG hinge region, IgG CH2 region, and IgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises an IgG hinge region, IgG CH2 region, and IgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises an IgG1 CH2 region and an IgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a partial IgG1 hinge region, IgG1 CH2 region, and IgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises an IgG1 hinge region, IgG1 CH2 region, and IgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises an IgG4 CH2 region and an IgG4 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a partial IgG4 hinge region, IgG4 CH2 region, and IgG4 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises an IgG4 hinge region, IgG4 CH2 region, and IgG4 CH3 region.

[0343] In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of an IgG CH2 region and anAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 IgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a partial IgG hinge region, IgG CH2 region, and IgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of an IgG hinge region, IgG CH2 region, and IgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of an IgG1 CH2 region and an IgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a partial IgG1 hinge region, IgG1 CH2 region, and IgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of an IgG1 hinge region, IgG1 CH2 region, and IgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of an IgG4 CH2 region and an IgG4 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a partial IgG4 hinge region, IgG4 CH2 region, and IgG4 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of an IgG4 hinge region, IgG4 CH2 region, and IgG4 CH3 region.

[0344] In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises an Ig Fc region. In some embodiments, the Ig Fc region comprises at least a portion of a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region. In some embodiments, the Ig Fc region comprises a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region. In some embodiments, the Ig Fc region comprises at least a portion of an IgG hinge region, an IgG CH2 region, and an IgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the Ig Fc region comprises an IgG hinge region, an IgG CH2 region, and an IgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the Ig Fc region comprises at least a portion of an IgG1 hinge region, an IgG1 CH2 region, and an IgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the Ig Fc region comprises an IgG1 hinge region, an IgG1 CH2 region, and an IgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the Ig Fc region comprises at least a portion of an IgG4 hinge region, an IgG4 CH2 region, and an IgG4 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the Ig Fc region comprises an IgG4 hinge region, an IgG4 CH2 region, and an IgG4 CH3 region.

[0345] In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of an Ig Fc region. In some embodiments, the Ig Fc region consists of at least a portion of a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region. In some embodiments, the Ig Fc region consists of a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region. In some embodiments, the Ig Fc region consists of at least a portion of an IgG hinge region, an IgG CH2 region, and an IgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the Ig Fc region consists of an IgG hinge region, an IgG CH2 region, and an IgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the Ig Fc region consists of at least a portion of an IgG1 hinge region, an IgG1 CH2 region, and an IgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the Ig Fc region consists of an IgG1 hingeAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 region, an IgG1 CH2 region, and an IgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the Ig Fc region consists of at least a portion of an IgG4 hinge region, an IgG4 CH2 region, and an IgG4 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the Ig Fc region consists of an IgG4 hinge region, an IgG4 CH2 region, and an IgG4 CH3 region.

[0346] In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises one or more hIg heavy chain constant regions (e.g., a CH2 region, a CH3 region, a hinge region, an Fc region). In some embodiments, the hIg is a human IgG (hIgG). In some embodiments, the hIgG is hIgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4. In some embodiments, the hIgG is IgG1 or IgG4. In some embodiments, the hIgG is hIgG1. In some embodiments, the hIgG is hIgG4.

[0347] In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a hIgG CH2 region and a hIgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a partial hIgG hinge region, hIgG CH2 region, and hIgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a hIgG hinge region, hIgG CH2 region, and hIgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a hIgG1 CH2 region and a hIgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a partial hIgG1 hinge region, hIgG1 CH2 region, and hIgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a hIgG1 hinge region, hIgG1 CH2 region, and hIgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a hIgG4 CH2 region and a hIgG4 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a partial hIgG4 hinge region, hIgG4 CH2 region, and hIgG4 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a hIgG4 hinge region, hIgG4 CH2 region, and hIgG4 CH3 region.

[0348] In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a hIgG CH2 region and a hIgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a partial hIgG hinge region, hIgG CH2 region, and hIgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a hIgG hinge region, hIgG CH2 region, and hIgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a hIgG1 CH2 region and a hIgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a partial hIgG1 hinge region, hIgG1 CH2 region, and hIgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a hIgG1 hinge region, hIgG1 CH2 region, and hIgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a hIgG4 CH2 region and a hIgG4 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a partial hIgG4 hinge region, hIgG4 CH2 region, and hIgG4 CH3Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a hIgG4 hinge region, hIgG4 CH2 region, and hIgG4 CH3 region.

[0349] In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a hIg Fc region. In some embodiments, the hIg Fc region comprises at least a portion of a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region. In some embodiments, the hIg Fc region comprises a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region. In some embodiments, the hIg Fc region comprises at least a portion of a hIgG hinge region, a hIgG CH2 region, and a hIgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the hIg Fc region comprises a hIgG hinge region, a hIgG CH2 region, and a hIgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the hIg Fc region comprises at least a portion of a hIgG1 hinge region, a hIgG1 CH2 region, and a hIgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the hIg Fc region comprises a hIgG1 hinge region, a hIgG1 CH2 region, and a hIgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the hIg Fc region comprises at least a portion of a hIgG4 hinge region, a hIgG4 CH2 region, and a hIgG4 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the hIg Fc region comprises a hIgG4 hinge region, a hIgG4 CH2 region, and a hIgG4 CH3 region.

[0350] In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a hIg Fc region. In some embodiments, the hIg Fc region consists of at least a portion of a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region. In some embodiments, the hIg Fc region consists of a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region. In some embodiments, the hIg Fc region consists of at least a portion of a hIgG hinge region, a hIgG CH2 region, and a hIgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the hIg Fc region consists of a hIgG hinge region, a hIgG CH2 region, and a hIgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the hIg Fc region consists of at least a portion of a hIgG1 hinge region, a hIgG1 CH2 region, and a hIgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the hIg Fc region consists of a hIgG1 hinge region, a hIgG1 CH2 region, and a hIgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the hIg Fc region consists of at least a portion of a hIgG4 hinge region, a hIgG4 CH2 region, and a hIgG4 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the hIg Fc region consists of a hIgG4 hinge region, a hIgG4 CH2 region, and a hIgG4 CH3 region.

[0351] The amino acid sequence of exemplary reference hIgG1 and hIgG4 heavy chain constant regions and hIg light chain constant regions, which can be incorporated in one or more of the embodiments described herein (e.g., fusion proteins and polypeptide), is provided in Table 4. Table 4. The Amino Acid Sequence of Exemplary hIg heavy chain constant regionAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 components and hIg light chain constant regions. Description Amino Acid Sequence SEQ ID NOAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 TTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNH YTQKSLSLSPGK hI G1 Partial Hin e DKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 hIgG4 CH3 Region GQPREPQVYTLPPSQEEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWES NGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSRLTVDKSRWQEGNVFSCS Without C-terminal VMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSLG 108Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 Without C-terminal NYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSRLTVDKSRWQEGNVFSCSVMHEAL Lysine HNHYTQKSLSLSLG ASTKGPSVFPLAPCSRSTSESTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSses an amino acid sequence set forth in Table 4. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in Table 4, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in Table 4, comprising at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in Table 4, comprising about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in Table 4, comprising no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions).

[0353] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein consists of an amino acid sequence set forth in Table 4. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein consists of an amino acid sequence set forth in Table 4, and furtherAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein consists of an amino acid sequence set forth in Table 4, comprising at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein consists of an amino acid sequence set forth in Table 4, comprising about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein consists of an amino acid sequence set forth in Table 4, comprising no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions).

[0354] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 90-120 or 197-198. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 90-120 or 197-198, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 90- 120 or 197-198, comprising at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 90-120 or 197-198, comprising about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 90-120 or 197-198, comprising no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions).

[0355] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 90-120 or 197-198. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 90-120 or 197-198, and further comprising 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequenceAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 of the heterologous protein consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 90-120 or 197-198, comprising at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 90-120 or 197-198, comprising about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 90-120, comprising no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions).

[0356] In some embodiments, wherein the heterologous protein comprises a CH3 region (e.g., comprises an Fc region; a hinge region, CH2 region, and CH3 region, etc.), the CH3 region lacks the C-terminal lysine (e.g., residue 232 of SEQ ID NO: 99, numbering according to SEQ ID NO: 99; or e.g., residue 229 of SEQ ID NO: 113, numbering according to SEQ ID NO: 113). In some embodiments, the CH3 region further lacks the C-terminal glycine (e.g., residue 231 of SEQ ID NO: 99, numbering according to SEQ ID NO: 99; or e.g., residue 228 of SEQ ID NO: 113, numbering according to SEQ ID NO: 113).

[0357] In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises one or more mIg heavy chain constant regions (e.g., a CH2 region, a CH3 region, a hinge region, an Fc region). In some embodiments, the mIg is mIgG (mIgG). In some embodiments, the mIgG is mIgG1, mIgG2a, mIgG2c, mIgG2b, or mIgG3. In some embodiments, the mIgG is mIgG1 or mIgG2a. In some embodiments, the mIgG is mIgG1. In some embodiments, the mIgG is mIgG2a.

[0358] In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a mIgG CH2 region and a mIgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a partial mIgG hinge region, mIgG CH2 region, and mIgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a mIgG hinge region, mIgG CH2 region, and mIgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a mIgG1 CH2 region and a mIgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a partial mIgG1 hinge region, mIgG1 CH2 region, and mIgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a mIgG1 hinge region, mIgG1 CH2 region, and mIgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a mIgG2a CH2 region and a mIgG2a CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a partial mIgG2a hinge region, mIg2a CH2Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 region, and mIgG2a CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a mIgG2a hinge region, mIgG2a CH2 region, and mIgG2a CH3 region.

[0359] In some embodiments, the heterologous protein comprises a mIg Fc region. In some embodiments, the mIg Fc region comprises at least a portion of a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region. In some embodiments, the mIg Fc region comprises a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region. In some embodiments, the mIg Fc region comprises at least a portion of a mIgG hinge region, a mIgG CH2 region, and a mIgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the mIg Fc region comprises a mIgG hinge region, a mIgG CH2 region, and a mIgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the mIg Fc region comprises at least a portion of a mIgG1 hinge region, a mIgG1 CH2 region, and a mIgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the mIg Fc region comprises a mIgG1 hinge region, a mIgG1 CH2 region, and a mIgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the mIg Fc region comprises at least a portion of a mIgG2a hinge region, a mIgG2a CH2 region, and a mIgG2a CH3 region. In some embodiments, the mIg Fc region comprises a mIgG2a hinge region, a mIgG2a CH2 region, and a mIgG2a CH3 region.

[0360] In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a mIgG CH2 region and a mIgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a partial mIgG hinge region, mIgG CH2 region, and mIgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a mIgG hinge region, mIgG CH2 region, and mIgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a mIgG1 CH2 region and a mIgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a partial mIgG1 hinge region, mIgG1 CH2 region, and mIgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a mIgG1 hinge region, mIgG1 CH2 region, and mIgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a mIgG2a CH2 region and a mIgG2a CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a partial mIgG2a hinge region, mIg2a CH2 region, and mIgG2a CH3 region. In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a mIgG2a hinge region, mIgG2a CH2 region, and mIgG2a CH3 region.

[0361] In some embodiments, the heterologous protein consists of a mIg Fc region. In some embodiments, the mIg Fc region consists of at least a portion of a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region. In some embodiments, the mIg Fc region consists of a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region. In some embodiments, the mIg Fc region consists of at least a portion of a mIgG hinge region, a mIgG CH2 region, and a mIgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the mIg FcAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 region consists of a mIgG hinge region, a mIgG CH2 region, and a mIgG CH3 region. In some embodiments, the mIg Fc region consists of at least a portion of a mIgG1 hinge region, a mIgG1 CH2 region, and a mIgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the mIg Fc region consists of a mIgG1 hinge region, a mIgG1 CH2 region, and a mIgG1 CH3 region. In some embodiments, the mIg Fc region consists of at least a portion of a mIgG2a hinge region, a mIgG2a CH2 region, and a mIgG2a CH3 region. In some embodiments, the mIg Fc region consists of a mIgG2a hinge region, a mIgG2a CH2 region, and a mIgG2a CH3 region.

[0362] The amino acid sequence of exemplary reference mIgG1 and mIgG2a heavy chain constant regions, which can be incorporated in one or more of the embodiments described herein (e.g., fusion proteins and polypeptide), is provided in Table 5. Table 5. The Amino Acid Sequence of Exemplary mIg heavy chain constant region components. Description Amino Acid Sequence SEQ ID NOAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 mIgG1 Hinge Region + VPRDCGCKPCICTVPEVSSVFIFPPKPKDVLTITLTPKVTCVVV AISKDDPEVQFSWFVDDVEVHTAQTQPREEQFNSTFRSVSELPI CH2 Region + CH3 MHQDWLNGKEFKCRVNSAAFPAPIEKTISKTKGRPKAPQVYTIPAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 With C-terminal LysineEDYNSTLRVVSALPIQHQDWMSGKEFKCKVNNKDLPAPIERTISKPKGSVRAPQVYVLPPPEEEMTKKQVTLTCMVTDFMPEDIYVEW TNNGKTELNYKNTEPVLDSDGSYFMYSKLRVEKKNWVERNSYSCses an amino acid sequence set forth in Table 5. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in Table 5, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in Table 5, comprising at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in Table 5, comprising about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in Table 5, comprising no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions).

[0364] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein consists of an amino acid sequence set forth in Table 5. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein consists of an amino acid sequence set forth in Table 5, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein consists of an amino acid sequence set forth in Table 5, comprising at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid variations (e.g., aminoAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein consists of an amino acid sequence set forth in Table 5, comprising about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein consists of an amino acid sequence set forth in Table 5, comprising no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions).

[0365] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 121-141. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 121-141, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 121-141, comprising at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 121-141, comprising about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 121-141, comprising no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions).

[0366] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 121-141. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 121-141, and further comprises 1 or more but less than 15% (less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%), amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 121-141, comprising at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 121-141,Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 comprising about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions). In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 121-141, comprising no more than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid variations (e.g., amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions).

[0367] In some embodiments, wherein the heterologous protein comprises a CH3 region (e.g., comprises an Fc region; a hinge region, CH2 region, and CH3 region, etc.), the CH3 region lacks the C-terminal lysine (e.g., residue 227 of SEQ ID NO: 129, numbering according to SEQ ID NO: 129; or e.g., residue 223 of SEQ ID NO: 136, numbering according to SEQ ID NO: 136). In some embodiments, the CH3 region further lacks the C-terminal glycine (e.g., residue 226 of SEQ ID NO: 129, numbering according to SEQ ID NO: 129; or e.g., residue 222 of SEQ ID NO: 136, numbering according to SEQ ID NO: 136). 5.4.5.3 Half-Life Extension

[0368] In some embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region of a fusion protein described herein (an Fc region, an antibody, etc.) exhibits enhanced serum half-life, e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region).

[0369] Standard in vitro and / or in vivo assays known in the art can be conducted to evaluate serum half-life. See, e.g., Ko S, Jo M, Jung ST. Recent Achievements and Challenges in Prolonging the Serum Half-Lives of Therapeutic IgG Antibodies Through Fc Engineering. BioDrugs. 2021;35(2):147-157. doi:10.1007 / s40259-021-00471-0, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

[0370] In some embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region of a fusion protein described herein (an Fc region, an antibody, etc.) exhibits enhanced serum half-life (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)) through enhanced binding affinity for the FcRn receptor (e.g., the human FcRn receptor) (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)).

[0371] In some embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region of a fusion protein described herein (an Fc region, an antibody, etc.) exhibits enhanced serum half-life (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)) through enhanced binding affinity for the FcRn receptor (e.g., the human FcRn receptor) at a pH of fromAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 about 5.5-6.5 (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)). In some embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region of a fusion protein described herein (an Fc region, an antibody, etc.) exhibits enhanced serum half-life (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)) through enhanced binding affinity for the FcRn receptor (e.g., the human FcRn receptor) at a pH of from about 5.5-6.5 and no substantial change in binding affinity for the FcRn receptor (e.g., the human FcRn receptor) at a pH of from about 7.0-7.5 (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)). In some embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region of a fusion protein described herein (an Fc region, an antibody, etc.) exhibits enhanced serum half-life (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild- type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)) through enhanced binding affinity for the FcRn receptor (e.g., the human FcRn receptor) at a pH of from about 6.0-6.5 (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)) and a decrease in binding affinity for the FcRn receptor (e.g., the human FcRn receptor) at a pH of from about 7.0-7.5 (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)).

[0372] In some embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region of a fusion protein described herein (an Fc region, an antibody, etc.) exhibits enhanced serum half-life (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)) through enhanced binding affinity for the FcRn receptor (e.g., the human FcRn receptor) at a pH of about 6 (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)). In some embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region of a fusion protein described herein (an Fc region, an antibody, etc.) exhibits enhanced serum half-life (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)) through enhanced binding affinity for the FcRn receptor (e.g., the human FcRn receptor) at a pH of about 6 and no substantial change in binding affinity for the FcRn receptor (e.g., the human FcRn receptor) at a pH of about 7.4 (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild- type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)). In some embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region of a fusion protein described herein (an Fc region, an antibody, etc.) exhibits enhanced serum half-life (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)) through enhanced binding affinity for the FcRn receptor (e.g., the human FcRn receptor) at a pH of about 6 (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type IgAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)) and a decrease in binding affinity for the FcRn receptor (e.g., the human FcRn receptor) at a pH of about 7.4 (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)).

[0373] In some embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region of a fusion protein described herein comprises one or more amino acid variation (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)) that enhances serum half-life of the fusion protein (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)).

[0374] In some embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region of a fusion protein described herein comprises one or more amino acid variation (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)) that enhances serum half-life of the fusion protein (e.g., relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region (e.g., a wild-type Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region)) through altered binding to the FcRn receptor (e.g., as described herein) (e.g., an FcRn binding profile described herein).

[0375] Exemplary amino acid variations of an Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region that enhance serum half-life of the Ig Fc region (or a protein comprising the same) are known in the art. See, e.g., Ko 2021 (and references cited therein) (including e.g., Table 1 of Ko 2021); Xinhua Wang, Mary Mathieu, Randall J Brezski, IgG Fc engineering to modulate antibody effector functions, Protein & Cell, Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2018, Pages 63–73, https: / / doi.org / 10.1007 / s13238-017-0473- 8; US8546543B2; WO2024059652A1; US11591368 (e.g., H433K / N434F); Ko, S., Park, S., Sohn, M.H. et al. An Fc variant with two mutations confers prolonged serum half-life and enhanced effector functions on IgG antibodies. Exp Mol Med 54, 1850–1861 (2022). https: / / doi.org / 10.1038 / s12276-022-00870-5; the entire contents of each of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

[0376] Table 12 below, provides exemplary amino acid substitutions (and combinations thereof) and glycoengineering that can be utilized to extend half-life of proteins (e.g., fusion proteins described herein) comprising an Ig Fc region (or fragment thereof). Amino acids in Table 12 are numbered according to the EU numbering scheme. The amino acid substitutions set forth in Table 12 are with reference to an IgG1 Fc region (except where noted). However, a person of ordinary skill in the could identify the corresponding amino acid in a non-IgG1 Fc region, for example in an IgG2 or IgG4 Fc region, should the base amino acid be different between the IgG1Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 and non-IgG1 Fc region. Table 12. Exemplary hIg Fc Variations to Extend Half-Life. Variation / Glycoengineering Exemplary Effects on Effector Function (Non-Limiting)the hIg Fc (e.g., IgG1 Fc) region comprises any one or more of the amino acid substitutions set forth in Table 12 (i.e., any one or more amino acid substitution set forth in any set of amino acid substitutions set forth in Table 12). In some embodiments, the hIg Fc (e.g., IgG1 Fc) comprises any one or more of the sets of amino acid substitutions set forth in Table 12. In some embodiments, the hIg Fc (e.g., IgG1 Fc) region comprises any one or more of the glycosylation changes set forth in Table 12.

[0378] For example, amino acid variations include, but are not limited to, M428L / N434S, EU numbering according to Kabat; M252Y / S254T / T256E, EU numbering according to Kabat; N434A, EU numbering according to Kabat; N434W, EU numbering according to Kabat; T256D / T307Q, EU numbering according to Kabat; T256D / T307W, EU numbering according to Kabat; M252Y / T256D, EU numbering according to Kabat; T307Q / Q311V / A378V, EU numbering according to Kabat; T256D / H286D / T307R / Q311V / A378V, EU numbering according to Kabat; and L309D / Q311H / N434S, EU numbering according to Kabat. Further amino acid modifications include, H433K / N434F (of IgG1) or H433K / N434F (of IgG4), EU numbering according to Kabat.Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01

[0379] In some embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region of a fusion protein described herein comprises one or more alteration (including various post-translational modifications e.g., glycosylation, sialylation) that mediates enhanced serum half-life, e.g., relative to a reference (e.g., wild type) Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region. In some embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region of a fusion protein described herein comprises one or more post-translational modification (e.g., glycosylation, sialylation) that mediates enhanced serum half-life, e.g., relative to a reference (e.g., wild type) Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region. In some embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region of a fusion protein described herein comprises altered glycosylation that mediates enhanced serum half-life, e.g., relative to a reference (e.g., wild type) Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region. In some embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region of a fusion protein described herein comprises altered lipidation that mediates enhanced serum half-life, e.g., relative to a reference (e.g., wild type) Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region. In some embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region of a fusion protein described herein comprises altered sialylation that mediates enhanced serum half- life, e.g., relative to a reference (e.g., wild type) Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region. In some embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region of a fusion protein described herein is pegylated, which mediates enhanced serum half-life, e.g., relative to a reference (e.g., wild type) Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region. 5.4.5.4 Ig Effector Function

[0380] In some embodiments, the Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region of a fusion protein described herein exhibits modulation (e.g., a decrease or increase) of one or more Fc effector function, e.g., relative to a reference (e.g., wild type) Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region. Exemplary Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc effector functions include, but are not limited to, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody dependent cellular phagoc...

Claims

Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. An isolated protein comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of any protein set forth in Table 2 or set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200.

2. The isolated protein of claim 1, comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of any protein set forth in Table 2 or set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187- 190, or 199-200.

3. The isolated protein of claim 1 or 2, comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of any protein set forth in Table 2 or set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200.

4. The isolated protein of any one of the preceding claims, comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 24, 55, 187, 188, 189, or 190.

5. The isolated protein of any one of the preceding claims, comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 24, 55, 187, 188, 189, or 190.

6. The isolated protein of any one of the preceding claims, comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 24, 55, 187, 188, 189, or 190.

7. The isolated protein of any one of the preceding claims, comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 24, 55, 187, 188, 189, or 190.

8. The isolated protein of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the protein specifically binds human TL1A (hTL1A).

9. The isolated protein of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the protein exhibits anti- inflammatory properties (e.g., upon administration to a subject).Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 10. The isolated protein of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the protein inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTL1A to human DcR3 (hDcR3).

11. The isolated protein of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the protein inhibits or reduces (e.g., prevents) binding of hTL1A to human DR3 (hDR3).

12. The isolated protein of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the protein specifically binds to trimeric forms of TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) and monomeric forms of TL1A (e.g., hTL1A).

13. The isolated protein of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the protein preferentially specifically binds to trimeric forms of TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) relative to monomeric forms of TL1A (e.g., hTL1A).

14. The isolated protein of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the protein specifically binds to trimeric forms of TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) with higher affinity relative to monomeric forms of TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) (e.g., as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10)).

15. The isolated protein of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-trimer) is higher than the binding affinity of the protein to monomeric TL1A as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-monomer) (e.g., as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10)).

16. The isolated protein of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-trimer) is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10-fold higher than the binding affinity of the protein to monomeric TL1A as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-monomer) (e.g., as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10)).

17. The isolated protein of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the KD value of the protein binding to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) (KD-trimer) is lower than the KD value of the protein binding to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) (KD-monomer) (e.g., as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10)).

18. The isolated protein of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the KD value of the protein binding to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) (KD-trimer) is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10-fold lower than the KD value of the protein binding to monomeric TL1A (KD-monomer) (e.g., as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10)).Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 19. The isolated protein of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the binding affinity of the protein to trimeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-trimer) is less than 20 pM, 15 pM, or 10 pM (e.g., as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10)).

20. The isolated protein of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the binding affinity of the protein to monomeric TL1A (e.g., hTL1A) as measured by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD-monomer) is more than 60 pM, 70 pM, or 80 pM (e.g., as measured by SPR (e.g., as described in Example 10)).

21. The isolated protein of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the protein comprises a homologous or heterologous signal peptide (e.g., operably connected to the N-terminus of the protein).

22. The protein of any one of the preceding claims operably connected to a heterologous moiety (e.g., described herein).

23. The protein of claim 22, wherein the heterologous moiety is a protein, peptide, small molecule, nucleic acid molecule (e.g., DNA, RNA, DNA / RNA hybrid molecule), lipid, or synthetic polymer.

24. The protein of claim 23, wherein the heterologous moiety is a protein.

25. The protein of any one of claims 22-24, wherein the heterologous moiety is a half-life extension moiety.

26. A conjugate comprising the protein of any one of claims 1-25 operably connected to a heterologous moiety (e.g., described herein).

27. A radioligand comprising the protein of any one of claims 1-25 operably connected to a radionuclide.

28. A fusion protein comprising the protein of any one of claims 1-25 operably connected to a heterologous protein.

29. The fusion protein of claim 28, wherein the heterologous protein comprises an antibody.

30. The fusion protein of claim 29, wherein the antibody specifically binds a cytokine.

31. The fusion protein of claim 30, wherein the cytokine is an interleukin.

32. The fusion protein of claim 31, wherein the interleukin is interleukin 23 (IL-23) (e.g., human IL-23).Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 33. The fusion protein of any one of claims 28-32, wherein the heterologous protein comprises a half-life extension protein.

34. The fusion protein of any one of claims 28-32, wherein the heterologous protein comprises an immunoglobulin (Ig) (e.g., a human Ig (hIg)) Fc region.

35. The fusion protein of claim 34, wherein the Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region comprises at least a portion of a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region.

36. The fusion protein of claim 34 or 35, wherein the Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region comprises a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region.

37. The fusion protein of any one of claims 34-36, wherein the Ig is a hIg.

38. The fusion protein of claim 37, wherein the hIg is a human IgG (hIgG).

39. The fusion protein of any one of claims 37-38, wherein the hIgG is hIgG1 or hIgG4.

40. The fusion protein of any one of claims 34-39, wherein the Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region comprises one or more amino acid substitutions relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region that reduces or abolishes one or more of the following effector functions relative to the reference Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region: antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and / or affinity to one or more human Fc receptor (e.g., an Fcγ receptor (e.g., FcγRI, FcγRIIa, FcγRIIc, FcγRIIIa, and / or FcγRIIIb (e.g., FcγRI, FcγIIa, and / or FcγIIIa))).

41. The fusion protein of any one of claims 34-40, wherein the Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region does not substantially mediate ADCC, does not substantially mediate CDC, and / or does not bind to one or more human Fc receptor (e.g., an Fcγ receptor (e.g., FcγRI, FcγRIIa, FcγRIIc, FcγRIIIa, and / or FcγRIIIb (e.g., FcγRI, FcγIIa, and / or FcγIIIa))).

42. The fusion protein of any one of claims 34-41, wherein the Ig is an hIgG4 and the amino acid sequence of the Fc region comprises an amino acid substitution at amino acid position S228, an amino acid substitution at amino acid position F234, and / or an amino acid substitution at amino acid position L235, numbering according to the EU index of Kabat.

43. The fusion protein of any one of claims 34-42, wherein the Ig is hIgG4 and the amino acid sequence of the Fc region comprises a proline at amino acid position S228, an alanine at amino acid position F234, and / or an alanine at amino acid position L235, numbering according to EU index of Kabat.Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 44. The fusion protein of any one of claims 34-43, wherein the Ig is hIgG1 and the amino acid sequence of the Fc region comprises an amino acid substitution at amino acid position L234, and / or an amino acid substitution at amino acid position L235, numbering according to the EU index of Kabat.

45. The fusion protein of any one of claims 34-44, wherein the Ig is hIgG1 and the amino acid sequence of the Fc region comprises an alanine at amino acid position L234 and / or an alanine at amino acid position L235, numbering according to the EU index of Kabat.

46. The fusion protein of any one of claims 34-45, wherein the Ig is hIgG1 and the amino acid sequence of the Fc region comprises an alanine at amino acid position L234, an alanine at amino acid position L235, and / or a glycine at position P329 numbering according to the EU index of Kabat.

47. The fusion protein of any one of claims 34-46, wherein the Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region comprises an amino acid sequence at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of any protein set forth in any one of Tables 4-7 or set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 90-163 or 197-198.

48. The fusion protein of any one of claims 34-47, wherein the Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region comprises an amino acid sequence comprising a set of amino acid variations set forth in any one of Tables 12-14.

49. The fusion protein of any one of claims 28-48, wherein the protein of any one of claims 1-25 is directly operably connected to the heterologous protein through a peptide bond.

50. The fusion protein of any one of claims 28-49, wherein the protein of any one of claims 1-25 is indirectly operably connected to the heterologous protein through a peptide linker.

51. The fusion protein of claim 50, wherein the amino acid sequence of the peptide linker comprises or consists of glycine or glycine and serine amino acid residues.

52. The fusion protein of any one of claims 50-51, wherein the amino acid of the peptide linker comprises or consists of (a) the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 164-173; or (b) the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 164-173 comprising or consisting of 1, 2, or 3 amino acid substitutions.

53. The fusion protein of any one of claims 28-52, wherein the fusion protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the protein of any one of claims 1-25 and the heterologous protein.Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 54. The fusion protein of any one of claims 28-53, wherein the fusion protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the protein of any one of claims 1-25, a peptide linker, and the heterologous protein.

55. The fusion protein of any one of claims 28-54, wherein the fusion protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: a signal peptide, the protein of any one of claims 1-25, a peptide linker, and the heterologous protein.

56. The fusion protein of any one of claims 28-55, wherein the fusion protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the heterologous protein and the protein of any one of claims 1-25.

57. The fusion protein of any one of claims 28-56, wherein the fusion protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the heterologous protein, a peptide linker, and the protein of any one of claims 1-25.

58. The fusion protein of any one of claims 28-57, wherein the fusion protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: a signal peptide, the heterologous protein, a peptide linker, and the protein of any one of claims 1-25.

59. The fusion protein of any one of claims 28-58, wherein the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein is at least about 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 174-185 or 191-196 or set forth in Table 9.

60. The fusion protein of any one of claims 28-59, wherein the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein is at least about 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 175, 178, 181, or 184.

61. The fusion protein of any one of claims 28-60, wherein the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein is at least about 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 177-179, 194-196, or 201-203.

62. The fusion protein of any one of claims 28-61, wherein the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein is at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 177-179, 194- 196, or 201-203.Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 63. The fusion protein of any one of claims 28-62, wherein the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein is at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 177-179, 194-196, or 201-203.

64. The fusion protein of any one of claims 24-63, wherein the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 177-179, 194-196, or 201-203.

65. A fusion protein comprising a first protein and a second protein, wherein the first protein comprises a first Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region operably connected to a first protein of any one of claims 1-25; and wherein the second protein comprises a second Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region operably connected to a second protein of any one of claims 1-25.

66. The fusion protein of claim 65, wherein the first Fc region and the second Fc region associate to form a dimer.

67. The fusion protein of any one of claims 65-66, wherein the first protein comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of the second protein.

68. The fusion protein of claim 65-67, wherein the first Ig (e.g., hIg, mIg) Fc region comprises at least a portion of a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region; and the second Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region comprises at least a portion of a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region.

69. The fusion protein of any one of claims 65-68, wherein the first Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region comprises a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region; and the second Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region comprises a hinge region, a CH2 region, and a CH3 region.

70. The fusion protein of any one of claims 65-69, wherein the Ig of the first Ig Fc region is a hIg and the Ig of the second Ig Fc region is a hIg.

71. The fusion protein of claim 70, wherein the hIg of the first hIg Fc region is a hIgG and the hIg of the second hIg Fc region is a hIgG.

72. The fusion protein of claim 71, wherein the hIgG of the first hIg Fc region is hIgG4 and the hIgG of the first hIg Fc region is hIgG4.

73. The fusion protein of claim 71, wherein the hIgG of the first hIg Fc region is hIgG1 and the hIgG of the first hIg Fc region is hIgG1.Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 74. The fusion protein of any one of claims 65-73, wherein the first Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region and the second Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region each comprises one or more amino acid substitutions relative to a reference Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region that reduces or abolishes one or more of the following effector functions relative to the reference Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region: ADCC, CDC, and / or binding affinity to one or more Fc receptor (e.g., an Fcγ receptor (e.g., FcγRI, FcγRIIa, FcγRIIc, FcγRIIIa, and / or FcγRIIIb (e.g., FcγRI, FcγIIa, and / or FcγIIIa))).

75. The fusion protein of any one of claims 65-74, wherein the fusion protein does not substantially mediate ADCC, does not substantially mediate CDC, and / or does not bind to one or more Fc receptor (e.g., an Fcγ receptor (e.g., FcγRI, FcγRIIa, FcγRIIc, FcγRIIIa, and / or FcγRIIIb (e.g., FcγRI, FcγIIa, and / or FcγIIIa))).

76. The fusion protein of any one of claims 65-75, wherein the Ig of the first Ig Fc region and the second Ig Fc region is hIgG4 and the amino acid sequence of the first Fc region and the second Fc region each comprise an amino acid substitution at amino acid position S228, an amino acid substitution at amino acid position F234, and / or an amino acid substitution at amino acid position E235, numbering according to the EU index of Kabat.

77. The fusion protein of any one of claims 65-76, wherein the Ig of the first Ig Fc region and the second Ig Fc region is hIgG4 and the amino acid sequence of the first Fc region and the second Fc region each comprise a proline at amino acid position S228, an alanine at amino acid position F234, and / or an alanine at amino acid position E235, numbering according to EU index of Kabat.

78. The fusion protein of any one of claims 65-77, wherein the Ig of the first Ig Fc region and the second Ig Fc region is hIgG1 and the amino acid sequence of the first Fc region and the second Fc region each comprise an amino acid substitution at amino acid position L234, and / or an amino acid substitution at amino acid position L235, numbering according to the EU index of Kabat.

79. The fusion protein of any one of claims 65-78, wherein the Ig of the first Ig Fc region and the second Ig Fc region is hIgG1 and the amino acid sequence of the first Fc region and the second Fc region each comprise an alanine at amino acid position L234 and / or an alanine at amino acid position L235, numbering according to the EU index of Kabat.

80. The fusion protein of any one of claims 65-79, wherein the Ig of the first Ig Fc region and the second Ig Fc region is hIgG1 and the amino acid sequence of the first Fc region and theAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 second Fc region each comprise a proline (or alanine) at amino acid position L234 and / or a proline (or alanine) at amino acid position L235, numbering according to the EU index of Kabat.

81. The fusion protein of any one of claims 65-80, wherein the Ig of the first Ig Fc region and the second Ig Fc region is hIgG1 and the amino acid sequence of the first Fc region and the second Fc region each comprise a proline (or alanine) at amino acid position L234 a proline (or alanine) at amino acid position L235, and / or a glycine at amino acid position P329, numbering according to the EU index of Kabat.

82. The fusion protein of any one of claims 65-81, wherein the first Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of the second Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region.

83. The fusion protein of any one of claims 65-82, wherein the first protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the first Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region and the first protein of any one of claims 1-25; and the second protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the second Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region and the second protein of any one of claims 1-25.

84. The fusion protein of any one of claims 65-83, wherein the first protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the first Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region, a first peptide linker, and the first protein of any one of claims 1-25; and the second protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the second Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region, a second peptide linker, and the second protein of any one of claims 1-25.

85. The fusion protein of any one of claims 65-84, wherein the first protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the first protein of any one of claims 1-25 and the first Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region; and the second protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the second protein of any one of claims 1-25 and the second Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region.

86. The fusion protein of any one of claims 65-85, wherein the first protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the first protein of any one of claims 1-25, a first peptide linker, and the first Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region; and the second protein comprises from N- to C-terminus: the second protein of any one of claims 1-25, a second peptide linker, and the second Ig (e.g., hIg) Fc region.

87. The fusion protein of claim 84 or 86, wherein the amino acid sequence of the first peptide linker and the second peptide linker each comprises or consists of glycine or glycine and serine amino acid residues.

88. The fusion protein of any one of claims 84, 86, or 87, wherein the amino acid of the first peptide linker and the second peptide linker each comprises or consists of (a) the amino acidAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 164-173; or (b) the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 164-173 comprising or consisting of 1, 2, or 3 amino acid substitutions.

89. The fusion protein of any one of claims 65-88, wherein the amino acid sequence of the first protein is at least about 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 174-185 or 191-196 or set forth in Table 9; and the amino acid sequence of the first protein is at least about 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 174-185 or 191-196 or set forth in Table 9.

90. The fusion protein of any one of claims 65-89, wherein the amino acid sequence of the first protein is at least about 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 175, 178, 181, 184, 192, or 195; and the amino acid sequence of the first protein is at least about 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 175, 178, 181, 184, 192, or 195.

91. An immunogenic peptide or protein comprising at least an immunogenic fragment of the protein of any one of claims 1-25.

92. The immunogenic peptide or protein of claim 91, wherein the immunogenic peptide or protein does not specifically bind hTL1A or binds one or more of hTL1A with lower affinity relative to a reference protein of any one of claims 1-25.

93. The immunogenic peptide or protein of claim 91 or 92, wherein the immunogenic peptide or protein comprises a full-length protein of any one of claims 1-25.

94. The immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-93, wherein the immunogenic peptide or protein comprises an immunogenic fragment of a protein of any one of claims 1-25.

95. The immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-94, wherein the immunogenic peptide or protein comprises at least about 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, or 130 amino acids.Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 96. The immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-95, wherein the immunogenic peptide or protein comprises from about 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, or 130 amino acids.

97. The immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-96, wherein the amino acid sequence of the immunogenic peptide or protein comprises one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) amino acid variations (e.g., substitutions, additions, deletions) relative to a reference protein of any one of claims 1-25.

98. The immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-97, wherein the immunogenic peptide or protein comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical to a contiguous stretch of at least about 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, or 130 amino acids set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200.

99. The immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-98, wherein the immunogenic peptide or protein comprises an amino acid sequence that, other than the one or more amino acid variation (e.g., substitution, addition, deletion), is at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 23-84, 187-190, or 199-200.

100. The immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-99, wherein the immunogenic peptide or protein is formulated with an adjuvant.

101. An isolated antibody that specifically binds to a protein of any one of claims 1-25.

102. A nucleic acid molecule encoding the protein of any one of claims 1-25, the conjugate of claim 26, the radioligand of claim 27, the fusion protein of any one of claims 28-90, the immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-100, or the antibody of claim 101.

103. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 102, wherein the nucleic acid molecule is an RNA (e.g., mRNA, circular RNA) molecule or a DNA molecule.

104. An mRNA molecule encoding the protein of any one of claims 1-25, the conjugate of claim 26, the radioligand of claim 27, the fusion protein of any one of claims 28-90, the immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-100, or the antibody of claim 101.

105. The nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 102-103 or the mRNA molecule of claim 104, comprising a heterologous 5'-untranslated region (UTR), 3'-UTR, or both a 5'-UTR and 3'- UTR.Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 106. The nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 102-103 or 105 or the mRNA molecule of any one of claims 104-105, comprising a poly(A) sequence.

107. The nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 102-103 or 105-106 or the mRNA molecule of any one of claims 104-106, comprising a 5' cap structure.

108. The nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 102-103 or 105-107 or the mRNA molecule of any one of claims 104-107, comprising at least one variant nucleotide.

109. The nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 102-103 or 105-108 or the mRNA molecule of any one of claims 104-108, wherein the sequence of the nucleic acid molecule or mRNA molecule, respectively, is codon optimized.

110. A vector (e.g., expression vector) comprising the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 102-103 or 105-109 or the mRNA molecule of any one of claims 104-109.

111. The vector of claim 110, wherein the vector is a viral vector or a non-viral vector (e.g., a plasmid).

112. A viral particle conjugated to the protein of any one of claims 1-25, the conjugate of claim 26, the radioligand of claims 27, or the fusion protein of any one of claims 28-90.

113. A cell (e.g., host cell) (or population of cells (e.g., population of host cells)) comprising the protein of any one of claims 1-25, the conjugate of claim 26, the radioligand of claim 27, the fusion protein of any one of claims 28-90, the immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-100, the antibody of claim 101, the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 102- 103 or 105-109, the mRNA molecule of any one of claims 104-109, the vector of any one of claims 110-111, the viral particle of claim 112, the carrier of any one of claims 115-117, the lipid nanoparticle of any one of claims 118-119, the vaccine composition of claim 120, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 121.

114. A cell (e.g., a therapeutic cell) (e.g., a CAR cell) (or population of cells (e.g., a population of therapeutic cells (e.g., a population of CAR cells))) expressing and / or genetically encoding the protein of any one of claims 1-25, the conjugate of claim 26, the radioligand of claim 27, or the fusion protein of any one of claims 28-90 (e.g., on the surface of the cell).

115. A carrier comprising the protein of any one of claims 1-25, the conjugate of claim 26, the radioligand of claim 27, the fusion protein of any one of claims 28-90, the immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-100, the antibody of claim 101, the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 102-103 or 105-109, the mRNA molecule of any one of claims 104-109, theAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 vector of any one of claims 110-111, the viral particle of claim 112, the cell of claim 113, the vaccine composition of claim 120, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 121.

116. A carrier conjugated to the protein of any one of claims 1-25, the conjugate of claim 26, the radioligand of claim 27, or the fusion protein of any one of claims 28-90.

117. The carrier of claim 116, wherein the carrier is a lipid nanoparticle, liposome, lipoplex, or nanoliposome.

118. A lipid nanoparticle comprising the protein of any one of claims 1-25, the conjugate of claim 26, the radioligand of claim 27, the fusion protein of any one of claims 28-90, the immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-100, the antibody of claim 101, the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 102-103 or 105-109, the mRNA molecule of any one of claims 104-109, the vector of any one of claims 110-111, the viral particle of claim 112, the cell of any one of claims 113-114, the vaccine composition of claim 120, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 121.

119. A lipid nanoparticle conjugated to the protein of any one of claims 1-25, the conjugate of claim 26, the radioligand of claim 27, or the fusion protein of any one of claims 28-90.

120. A vaccine composition comprising the immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-100 (or a nucleic acid molecule encoding the same (or a vector encoding the nucleic acid molecule) or a carrier comprising any of the foregoing).

121. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the protein of any one of claims 1-25, the conjugate of claim 26, the radioligand of claim 27, the fusion protein of any one of claims 28-90, the immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-100, the antibody of claim 101, the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 102-103 or 105-109, the mRNA molecule of any one of claims 104-109, the vector of any one of claims 110-111, the viral particle of claim 112, the cell of any one of claims 113-114, the carrier of any one of claims 115-117, the lipid nanoparticle of any one of claims 118-119, or the vaccine composition of claim 120; and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

122. A kit comprising the protein of any one of claims 1-25, the conjugate of claim 26, the radioligand of claim 27, the fusion protein of any one of claims 28-90, the immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-100, the antibody of claim 101, the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 102-103 or 105-109, the mRNA molecule of any one of claims 104-109, the vector of any one of claims 110-111, the viral particle of claim 112, the cell of any one of claimsAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 113-114, the carrier of any one of claims 115-117, the lipid nanoparticle of any one of claims 118-119, the vaccine composition of claim 120, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 121; and optionally instructions for using any one or more of the foregoing.

123. A method of delivering a protein, fusion protein, conjugate, radioligand, nucleic acid molecule, mRNA molecule, expression vector, viral particle cell, carrier, lipid nanoparticle, immunogenic peptide or protein, an antibody, a vaccine composition, or pharmaceutical composition to a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject the protein of any one of claims 1-25, the conjugate of claim 26, the radioligand of claim 27, the fusion protein of any one of claims 28-90, the immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-100, the antibody of claim 101, the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 102-103 or 105-109, the mRNA molecule of any one of claims 104-109, the vector of any one of claims 110-111, the viral particle of claim 112, the cell of any one of claims 113-114, the carrier of any one of claims 115-117, the lipid nanoparticle of any one of claims 118-119, the vaccine composition of claim 120, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 121, to thereby deliver the protein, fusion protein, conjugate, radioligand, immunogenic peptide or protein, antibody, mRNA molecule, vector, viral particle, cell, carrier, lipid nanoparticle, vaccine composition, or pharmaceutical composition to a subject.

124. A method of inhibiting or reducing (e.g., preventing) binding of one or more TNFSF ligand to one or more of the TNFSF ligand’s cognate TNFSF receptors in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject the protein of any one of claims 1- 25, the conjugate of claim 26, the radioligand of claim 27, the fusion protein of any one of claims 28-90, the immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-100, the antibody of claim 101, the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 102-103 or 105-109, the mRNA molecule of any one of claims 104-109, the vector of any one of claims 110-111, the viral particle of claim 112, the cell of any one of claims 113-114, the carrier of any one of claims 115-117, the lipid nanoparticle of any one of claims 118-119, the vaccine composition of claim 120, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 121, to thereby inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of one or more TNFSF ligand to one or more of the TNFSF ligand’s cognate TNFSF receptors in the subject.

125. The method of claim 124, comprising inhibiting or reducing (e.g., preventing) binding of any one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and / or 9) of the following:Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 (a) binding of TLA1 to DR3, (b) binding of TNFα to TNFR2, (c) binding of TNFα to TNFR1, (d) binding of LIGHT to HVEM, (e) binding of LIGHT to LTβR, and / or (f) binding of FASL to FAS.

126. A method of inhibiting or reducing (e.g., preventing) signaling mediated by the binding of one or more TNFSF ligand to one or more of the TNFSF ligand’s cognate TNFSF receptors in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject the protein of any one of claims 1-25, the conjugate of claim 26, the radioligand of claim 27, the fusion protein of any one of claims 28-90, the immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-100, the antibody of claim 101, the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 102-103 or 105-109, the mRNA molecule of any one of claims 104-109, the vector of any one of claims 110-111, the viral particle of claim 112, the cell of any one of claims 113-114, the carrier of any one of claims 115-117, the lipid nanoparticle of any one of claims 118-119, the vaccine composition of claim 120, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 121, to thereby inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) signaling mediated by the binding of one or more TNFSF ligand to one or more of the TNFSF ligand’s cognate TNFSF receptors in the subject.

127. The method of claim 126, comprising inhibiting or reducing (e.g., preventing) signaling mediated by binding of any one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and / or 9) of the following: (a) binding of TLA1 to DR3, (b) binding of TNFα to TNFR2, (c) binding of TNFα to TNFR1, (d) binding of LIGHT to HVEM, (e) binding of LIGHT to LTβR, and / or (f) binding of FASL to FAS.

128. A method of inhibiting or reducing (e.g., preventing) binding of TL1A to DR3 in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject the protein of any one of claims 1-25, the conjugate of claim 26, the radioligand of claim 27, the fusion protein of any one of claims 28-90, the immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-100, the antibody of claim 101, the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 102-103 or 105-109, theAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 mRNA molecule of any one of claims 104-109, the vector of any one of claims 110-111, the viral particle of claim 112, the cell of any one of claims 113-114, the carrier of any one of claims 115-117, the lipid nanoparticle of any one of claims 118-119, the vaccine composition of claim 120, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 121, to thereby inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of TL1A to DR3 in the subject.

129. A method of inhibiting or reducing (e.g., preventing) signaling mediated by the binding of TL1A to DR3 in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject the protein of any one of claims 1-25, the conjugate of claim 26, the radioligand of claim 27, the fusion protein of any one of claims 28-90, the immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-100, the antibody of claim 101, the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 102- 103 or 105-109, the mRNA molecule of any one of claims 104-109, the vector of any one of claims 110-111, the viral particle of claim 112, the cell of any one of claims 113-114, the carrier of any one of claims 115-117, the lipid nanoparticle of any one of claims 118-119, the vaccine composition of claim 120, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 121, to thereby inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) signaling mediated by the binding of TL1A to DR3 in the subject.

130. A method of inhibiting or reducing (e.g., preventing) binding of TL1A to DcR3 in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject the protein of any one of claims 1-25, the conjugate of claim 26, the radioligand of claim 27, the fusion protein of any one of claims 28-90, the immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-100, the antibody of claim 101, the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 102-103 or 105-109, the mRNA molecule of any one of claims 104-109, the vector of any one of claims 110-111, the viral particle of claim 112, the cell of any one of claims 113-114, the carrier of any one of claims 115-117, the lipid nanoparticle of any one of claims 118-119, the vaccine composition of claim 120, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 121, to thereby inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) binding of TL1A to DcR3 in the subject.

131. A method of inhibiting or reducing (e.g., preventing) signaling mediated by the binding of TL1A to DcR3 in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject the protein of any one of claims 1-25, the conjugate of claim 26, the radioligand of claim 27, the fusion protein of any one of claims 28-90, the immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-100, the antibody of claim 101, the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 102- 103 or 105-109, the mRNA molecule of any one of claims 104-109, the vector of any one ofAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 claims 110-111, the viral particle of claim 112, the cell of any one of claims 113-114, the carrier of any one of claims 115-117, the lipid nanoparticle of any one of claims 118-119, the vaccine composition of claim 120, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 121, to thereby inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) signaling mediated by the binding of TL1A to DcR3 in the subject.

132. The method of any one of claims 123-131, wherein the immunoreceptor inhibitory protein, the fusion protein, the conjugate, the immunogenic peptide or protein, the antibody, the nucleic acid molecule, the vector, the host cell, the carrier, the vaccine composition, or the pharmaceutical composition does not inhibit or reduce (e.g., prevent) signaling mediated by binding of any one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, and / or 5) of the following: (a) binding of TNFα to TNFR2, (b) binding of TNFα to TNFR1, (c) binding of LIGHT to HVEM, (d) binding of LIGHT to LTβR, and / or (e) binding of FASL to FAS.

133. A method of suppressing or preventing a pro-inflammatory immune response in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject the protein of any one of claims 1-25, the conjugate of claim 26, the radioligand of claim 27, the fusion protein of any one of claims 28-90, the immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-100, the antibody of claim 101, the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 102-103 or 105-109, the mRNA molecule of any one of claims 104-109, the vector of any one of claims 110-111, the viral particle of claim 112, the cell of any one of claims 113-114, the carrier of any one of claims 115- 117, the lipid nanoparticle of any one of claims 118-119, the vaccine composition of claim 120, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 121, to thereby suppress or prevent a pro- inflammatory immune response in the subject.

134. A method of preventing, treating, or ameliorating a disease in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject the protein of any one of claims 1-25, the conjugate of claim 26, the radioligand of claim 27, the fusion protein of any one of claims 28-90, the immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-100, the antibody of claim 101, the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 102-103 or 105-109, the mRNA molecule of any one of claims 104-109, the vector of any one of claims 110-111, the viral particle of claim 112, the cell of any one of claims 113-114, the carrier of any one of claims 115-117, the lipidAttorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 nanoparticle of any one of claims 118-119, the vaccine composition of claim 120, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 121, to thereby prevent, treat, or ameliorate the disease in the subject.

135. The method of claim 134, wherein the disease is a pro-inflammatory disease, an autoimmune disease, or a fibrotic disease.

136. The method of claim 134 or 135, wherein the disease is a proinflammatory (e.g., autoimmune disease).

137. The method of any one of claims 134-136, wherein the disease is inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, asthma, systemic lupus erythematosus, or fibrosis.

138. A method of inducing or enhancing an immune response in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject (i) the immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-100 (or a conjugate or a fusion protein thereof); (ii) a nucleic acid molecule encoding (i); (iii) a vector comprising (ii); (iv) a carrier comprising (i), (ii), or (iii); a vaccine composition comprising (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv); or a pharmaceutical composition comprising (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), or (v), to thereby induce or enhance an immune response in the subject.

139. A method of vaccinating a subject in need thereof (e.g., against a viral infection), the method comprising administering to the subject (i) the immunogenic peptide or protein of any one of claims 91-100 (or a conjugate or a fusion protein thereof); (ii) a nucleic acid molecule encoding (i); (iii) a vector comprising (ii); (iv) a carrier comprising (i), (ii), or (iii); a vaccine composition comprising (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv); or a pharmaceutical composition comprising (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), or (v), to thereby vaccinate the subject in need thereof (e.g., against a virus).

140. A method of determining the presence of a virus in a subject, the method comprising (a) obtaining the sample from a subject or providing a sample that has been obtained from a subject, and (b) determining the presence or absence of the protein of any one of claims 1-25 (or a fragment or variant thereof) or a nucleic acid molecule encoding the protein of any one of claims 1-25 (or the fragment or variant thereof) in the sample.

141. A method of diagnosing a viral infection in a subject, the method comprising (a) obtaining a sample from a subject or providing a sample that has been obtained from a subject,Attorney Docket No.62801.39WO01 (b) determining the presence or absence of the protein of any one of claims 1-25 (or a fragment or variant thereof) or a nucleic acid molecule encoding the protein of any one of claims 1-25 (or a fragment or variant thereof), and (c) diagnosing the subject as having the viral infection if the protein of any one of claims 1-25 (or a fragment or variant thereof) or a nucleic acid molecule encoding the protein of any one of claims 1-25 (or the fragment or variant thereof) is determined to be present in the sample in step (b).

142. The method of claim 140 or 141, wherein the method is an in vitro method.

143. A method of treating a viral infection in a subject, the method comprising (a) receiving testing results that determined the presence of the protein of any one of claims 1-25 (or a fragment or variant thereof) or a nucleic acid molecule encoding the protein of any one of claims 1-25 (or the fragment or variant thereof) in a sample from the subject, (b) diagnosing the subject as having the viral infection, and (c) administering a therapeutic agent to treat the viral infection.

144. The method or use of any one of claims 140-143, wherein the sample is a blood, cell, tissue, or saliva, or nasal swab.

145. The method or use of any one of claims 140-144, wherein the antibody of claim 101 is utilized to determine the presence or absence of the protein of any one of claims 1-25 (or the fragment or variant thereof).

146. The method or use of any one of claims 123-145, wherein the subject is a human.

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