Method, apparatus and system for beam management
The method for beam management in wireless communication systems addresses inefficiencies and privacy concerns by using approximate location-based area associations to select optimal beams, reducing overhead and protecting user privacy.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/075094
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-07
AI Technical Summary
Beam management in wireless communication systems involves high resource overhead and privacy concerns due to the need for exhaustive beam sweeping and hierarchical beamforming to determine optimal beam pairs, which is inefficient and invasive to user location privacy.
A method for beam management that reduces resource overhead and protects user privacy by determining beams based on approximate location information, using area associations and beam coverage areas instead of precise user location, allowing terminals to select appropriate beams without revealing exact positions.
Reduces resource overhead and protects user privacy by enabling efficient beam selection based on approximate location, allowing terminals to determine optimal beams without exhaustive sweeping or knowing exact positions.
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Figure CN2024075094_07082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR BEAM MANAGEMENTTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular, to a method, apparatus and system for beam management, and a computer readable storage medium.BACKGROUND
[0002] In beam-based systems, it is crucial to determine which beam (pair) should be used for a transmit apparatus and / or receive apparatus in order to obtain a high received power at the receive apparatus. Such beam (pair) may be a beam from the transmit apparatus when the transmit apparatus is capable of beamforming and / or a beam at the receive apparatus when the receive apparatus is capable of beamforming. In order to obtain such beam (pair) , several approaches can be used. An approach is to use beam sweeping and to sweep all possible beams from both the transmit apparatus and the receive apparatus to find one or more beams (pairs) that provide high received power. Another approach is to use hierarchical beamforming, which is based on more than one round of sweeping. However, beam sweeping and hierarchical beamforming require a large overhead. Thus, an improved method for beam management is expected.
[0003] This background information is provided to reveal information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present disclosure. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present disclosure.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure provides a method for beam management to help reduce overhead of resources and protect privacy during communication.
[0005] According to a first aspect, a method for beam management is provided. The method includes: receiving a first information from the terminal device, wherein the first information indicates one or more areas associated with a location of the terminal device; determining one or more beams, from a plurality of beams of a network device, for communication with the terminal device based on the first information; and communicating with the terminal device using at least one of the one or more beams of the network device.
[0006] In this case, the one or more areas associated with the location of the terminal device may indicate an approximate location of the terminal device. Once the network device knows the approximate location of the terminal device, it may determine one or more beams for communication with the terminal device accordingly. In this way, since the network device does not have to sweep all the beams, the overhead of resources may be reduced. In addition, the network device does not have to know the accurate location of the terminal device, so the location privacy of the terminal device may be protected.
[0007] In some embodiments, the first information includes any one of: azimuth angle, and / or zenith angle information; plane coordinates and / or spatial coordinates information; or longitude, latitude, and / or altitude information.
[0008] In such case, the terminal device may provide its approximate location to the network device with certain uncertainty, thereby relieving the proprietary concerns regarding the accurate location of the terminal device.
[0009] In some embodiments, the one or more areas are selected from a plurality of areas, and the plurality of areas are associated with the plurality of beams of the network device. In this way, once the network device knows the areas associated with the location of the terminal device, it may determine its beam (s) associated with the areas for communication with the terminal device.
[0010] In an implementation, each of the plurality of areas is associated with one or more of the plurality of beams of the network device. In this case, each of the plurality of areas may be associated with only one beam of the network device, or each of the plurality of areas may be associated with more than one beam of the network device.
[0011] In an implementation, the method further includes: sending a second information to the terminal device, wherein the second information indicates the plurality of areas. In this case, the network device may inform the terminal device of the plurality of areas, so that the terminal device may select area (s) associated with its location from the plurality of areas. In this way, the terminal device does not have to inform the network device of its accurate location, and the privacy of the terminal device may be protected.
[0012] In an implementation, the plurality of areas are determined based on a coverage of the plurality of beams of the network device. In this case, an area that is associated with beam (s) of the network device may be covered by the beam (s) of the network device. In this way, once the network device knows the area (s) associated with the location of the terminal device, it may determine or select its beam (s) associated with the area (s) , so that the beam (s) covering the area (s) may be selected for communication with the terminal device.
[0013] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by an angular range. In an implementation, the angular range is indicated by a range of azimuth angle and / or zenith angle.
[0014] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by a shape and / or an orientation of the shape. In an implementation, the shape includes one of a circle, a square, an ellipse, or a rectangle, or is approximated as one of a circle, a square, an ellipse, or a rectangle. In this way, areas may be described in a simple way by using regular shapes and orientations of the regular shapes.
[0015] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by a range defined by a plurality of points that are indicated by plane coordinates or spatial coordinates. Points that are indicated by plane coordinates or spatial coordinates may be used to describe the areas in a case where the shapes of the coverages of the beams of the network device are irregular.
[0016] In some embodiments, the method further includes: sending a third information to the terminal device, wherein the third information indicates the information that the terminal device is required to report. In this way, the terminal device may know what to report in the first information.
[0017] In an implementation, the third information further indicates a time or an interval at which the terminal device is required to report the first information. In this way, the terminal device may know when to report the first information.
[0018] In some embodiments, the first information is updated and sent to the network device when an area different from the one or more areas is associated with the location of the terminal device. In this way, the first information may be updated and sent to the network device when the location of the terminal device changes or is going to change, so that the network device may adjust its beam (s) accordingly.
[0019] In some embodiments, the method further includes: sending a fourth information to the terminal device, wherein the fourth information indicates an association between the plurality of beams of the terminal device and the plurality of areas. In this case, the areas may be associated with the beams of the terminal device to help the terminal device determine its beam (s) for communication with the network device.
[0020] In an implementation, the association between the plurality of beams of the terminal device and the plurality of areas is obtained by associating angles of the plurality of beams of the terminal device to the plurality of areas. In this way, the terminal device may determine its beam (s) , according to the angles of the beams, for communication with the network device.
[0021] According to a second aspect, a method for beam management is provided. The method includes: sending a first information to a network device, wherein the first information indicates one or more areas associated with a location of a terminal device, and the first information is to be used by the network device to determine one or more beams, from a plurality of beams of the network device, for communication with the terminal device; and communicating with the network device using at least one of the one or more beams of the network device.
[0022] In some embodiments, the first information includes any one of: azimuth angle, and / or zenith angle information; plane coordinates and / or spatial coordinates information; or longitude, latitude, and / or altitude information.
[0023] In some embodiments, the one or more areas are selected from a plurality of areas, and the plurality of areas are associated with the plurality of beams of the network device.
[0024] In an implementation, each of the plurality of areas is associated with one or more of the plurality of beams of the network device.
[0025] In an implementation, the method further includes: receiving a second information from the network device, wherein the second information indicates the plurality of areas.
[0026] In an implementation, the plurality of areas are determined based on a coverage of the plurality of beams of the network device.
[0027] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by an angular range. In an implementation, the angular range is indicated by a range of azimuth angle and / or zenith angle.
[0028] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by a shape and / or an orientation of the shape. In an implementation, the shape includes one of a circle, a square, an ellipse, or a rectangle, or is approximated as one of a circle, a square, an ellipse, or a rectangle.
[0029] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by a range defined by a plurality of points that are indicated by plane coordinates or spatial coordinates.
[0030] In some embodiments, the method further includes: receiving a third information from the network device, wherein the third information indicates first information that the terminal device is required to report.
[0031] In an implementation, the third information further indicates a time or an interval at which the terminal device is required to report the first information.
[0032] In some embodiments, the first information is updated and sent to the network device when an area different from the one or more areas is associated with the location of the terminal device.
[0033] In some embodiments, the method further includes: receiving a fourth information from the network device, wherein the fourth information indicates an association between a plurality of beams of the terminal device and the plurality of areas; and determining one or more beams, from the plurality of beams, of the terminal device for communication with the network device based on the fourth information.
[0034] In an implementation, the association between the plurality of beams of the terminal device and the plurality of areas is obtained by associating angles of the plurality of beams of the terminal device to the plurality of areas.
[0035] As for the technical effect of the method described in the second aspect, reference may be made to the technical effect of the method described in the first aspect, and details will not be repeated here.
[0036] According to a third aspect, a method for beam management is provided. The method includes: sending a first information to a terminal device for determining one or more beams of the terminal device, wherein the first information indicates an association between a plurality of beams of the terminal device and a plurality of areas; and communicating with the terminal device using at least one of the one or more beams. In this case, the areas may be associated with the beams of the terminal device to help the terminal device determine its beam (s) for communication with the network device.
[0037] In some embodiments, the association between the plurality of beams of the terminal device and the plurality of areas is obtained by associating angles of the plurality of beams of the terminal device to the plurality of areas. In this case, the areas may be associated with the beams of the terminal device to help the terminal device determine its beam (s) for communication with the network device.
[0038] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by an angular range. In this way, the terminal device may determine its beam (s) , according to the angular range of the beams, for communication with the network device.
[0039] In an implementation, the angular range is indicated by a range of azimuth angle and / or zenith angle.
[0040] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by a shape and / or an orientation of the shape. In an implementation, the shape includes one of a circle, a square, an ellipse, or a rectangle, or is approximated as one of a circle, a square, an ellipse, or a rectangle. In this way, areas may be described in a simple way by using regular shapes and orientations of the regular shapes.
[0041] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by a range defined by a plurality of points that are indicated by plane coordinates or spatial coordinates. Points that are indicated by plane coordinates or spatial coordinates may be used to describe the areas in a case where the shapes of the coverages of the beams of the network device are irregular.
[0042] According to a fourth aspect, a method for beam management is provided. The method includes: receiving a first information from a network device, wherein the first information indicates an association between a plurality of beams of the terminal device and a plurality of areas; determining one or more beams, from the plurality of beams of the terminal device, based on the first information; and communicating with the network device using at least one of the one or more beams.
[0043] In some embodiments, the association between the plurality of beams of the terminal device and the plurality of areas is obtained by associating angles of the plurality of beams of the terminal device to the plurality of areas.
[0044] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by an angular range.
[0045] In an implementation, the angular range is indicated by a range of azimuth angle and / or zenith angle.
[0046] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by a shape and / or an orientation of the shape. In an implementation, the shape includes one of a circle, a square, an ellipse, or a rectangle, or is approximated as one of a circle, a square, an ellipse, or a rectangle.
[0047] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by a range defined by a plurality of points that are indicated by plane coordinates or spatial coordinates.
[0048] As for the technical effect of the method described in the fourth aspect, reference may be made to the technical effect of the method described in the third aspect, and details will not be repeated here.
[0049] According to a fifth aspect, a method for beam management is provided. The method includes: sending a first information to a first terminal device, wherein the first information indicates a plurality of first areas; sending a second information to a second terminal device, wherein the second information indicates a plurality of second areas; receiving a third information from the first terminal device, wherein the third information indicates one or more first areas, of the plurality of first areas, that are associated with a location of the first terminal device; receiving a fourth information from the second terminal device, wherein the fourth information indicates one or more second areas, of the plurality of second areas, that are associated with a location of the second terminal device; sending a fifth information to the first terminal device, wherein the fifth information indicates a direction that at least one beam of the first terminal device for communication with the second terminal device is to point to, and the fifth information is determined based on the third information and the fourth information; and sending a sixth information to the second terminal device, wherein the sixth information indicates a direction that at least one beam of the second terminal device for communication with the first terminal device is to point to, and the sixth information is determined based on the third information and the fourth information.
[0050] In this case, the network device obtains the areas associated with the location of the first terminal device and the areas associated with the location of the second device respectively. Once obtaining the approximate location of the first terminal device and the approximate location of the second terminal device, the network device may instruct the first terminal device and the second terminal device to set their beams toward the approximate location of each other. In this way, the terminal devices does not have to sweep all the beams, so that the overhead of resources may be reduced. In addition, the network device does not have to know the accurate location of the terminal devices, so that the location privacy of the terminal devices may be protected.
[0051] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of first areas or at least one of the plurality of second areas is represented by an angular range. In an implementation, the angular range is indicated by a range of azimuth angle and / or zenith angle.
[0052] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of first areas or at least one of the plurality of second areas is represented by a shape and / or an orientation of the shape. In an implementation, the shape includes one of a circle, a square, an ellipse, or a rectangle, or is approximated as one of a circle, a square, an ellipse, or a rectangle. In this way, areas may be described in a simple way by using regular shapes and orientations of the regular shapes.
[0053] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of first areas or at least one of the plurality of second areas is represented by a range defined by a plurality of points that are indicated by plane coordinates or spatial coordinates. Points that are indicated by plane coordinates or spatial coordinates may be used to describe the areas in a case where the shapes of the areas are irregular.
[0054] According to a sixth aspect, a method for beam management is provided. The method includes: receiving a first information from a network device, wherein the first information indicates a plurality of areas; sending a third information to the network device, wherein the third information indicates one or more areas, of the plurality of areas, that are associated with a location of a first terminal device; receiving a fifth information from the network device, wherein the fifth information indicates a direction that at least one beam of the first terminal device for communication with a second terminal device is to point to; determining one or more beams, from a plurality of beams of the first terminal device, for communication with the second terminal device based on the fifth information; and communicating with the second terminal device using at least one of the one or more beams.
[0055] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by an angular range. In an implementation, the angular range is indicated by a range of azimuth angle and / or zenith angle.
[0056] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by a shape and / or an orientation of the shape. In an implementation, the shape includes one of a circle, a square, an ellipse, or a rectangle, or is approximated as one of a circle, a square, an ellipse, or a rectangle.
[0057] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by a range defined by a plurality of points that are indicated by plane coordinates or spatial coordinates.
[0058] As for the technical effect of the method described in the sixth aspect, reference may be made to the technical effect of the method described in the fifth aspect, and details will not be repeated here.
[0059] According to a seventh aspect, a chip is provided. The chip includes a logic circuit and a power supply circuit. The power supply circuit is used to supply power to the logic circuit. The logical circuit is used to execute the steps of the method for beam management in one of the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect, or the sixth aspect, or any possible implementation of one of the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect, or the sixth aspect.
[0060] According to an eighth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor. The at least one memory is configured to store at least part of instructions, and when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor executes the steps of the method for beam management in one of the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect, or the sixth aspect, or any possible implementation of one of the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect, or the sixth aspect.
[0061] According to a ninth aspect, a communication system is provided. The communication system includes a network device and a terminal device. The network device is used to execute the steps of the method for beam management in one of the first aspect, the third aspect, or the fifth aspect, or any possible implementation of the first aspect, the third aspect, or the fifth aspect. The terminal device is used to execute the steps of the method for beam management in one of the second aspect, the fourth aspect, or the sixth aspect, or any possible implementation of the second aspect, the fourth aspect, or the sixth aspect.
[0062] According to a tenth aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes computer software instructions; when computer software instructions are run in a computer device, causing the computer device to execute the steps of the method for beam management in one of the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect, or the sixth aspect, or any possible implementation of one of the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect, or the sixth aspect.
[0063] According to an eleventh aspect, a computer program product stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer program product, when run on the computer, causes the computer to execute the steps of the method for beam management in one of the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect, or the sixth aspect, or any possible implementation of one of the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect, or the sixth aspect.
[0064] According to a twelfth aspect, a chip system is provided. The chip system comprising: a processing circuit and a storage medium, wherein the storage medium has stored thereon computer program instructions that, when executed by the processing circuit cause the chip system to implement the method for beam management in one of the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect, or the sixth aspect, or any possible implementation of one of the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect, or the sixth aspect.
[0065] The advantages brought by any design from the seventh to eleventh aspects can be referred to the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect, or the sixth aspect or the different designs of the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect, or the sixth aspect, which will not be detailed here.
[0066] On the basis of the implementations provided in the above aspects, the present disclosure is able to provide more implementations by further combination.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0067] FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B each show a communication environment in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0068] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example user equipment or base station in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0069] FIGS. 3A and 3B are block diagrams of an example user equipment and a base station;
[0070] FIG. 4 shows a signaling chart in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0071] FIGS. 5A-5C are diagrams show example areas in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0072] FIG. 6 shows another signaling chart in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0073] FIG. 7 shows yet another signaling chart in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0074] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to the embodiments of the present disclosure. These embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and to help those skilled in the art understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than those described below.
[0075] References in the present disclosure to "one embodiment" , "an embodiment" , "an example embodiment" , "some embodiments" and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0076] Although the terms "first" , "second" , etc. in front of noun (s) and the like may be used herein to describe various elements; and these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another and they do not limit the order of the noun (s) . For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the embodiments. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0077] As used herein, "at least one of: <a list of two or more elements>" and "at least one of <a list of two or more elements>" and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements is joined by "and" or "or" , indicate at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0078] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms "a" , "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" , "comprising" , "has" , "having" , "includes" and / or "including" , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0079] As used herein, the term "communication network" refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as New Radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , and Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) . Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , the sixth generation (6G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0080] As used herein, the term "network device" refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or non-ground network device such as a satellite network device, a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite and a geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellite, an aircraft network device, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. In some embodiments, a radio access network (RAN) split architecture includes a Centralized Unit (CU) and a Distributed Unit (DU) at an IAB donor node. An IAB node includes a Mobile Terminal (IAB-MT) part that behaves like a UE toward the parent node, and a DU part of an IAB node behaves like a base station toward the next-hop IAB node.
[0081] The term "terminal device" refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture terminal device such as a digital camera, a gaming terminal device, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless terminal device, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearables, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and application (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and application (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain context) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. The terminal device may also correspond to a Mobile Termination (MT) part of an IAB node (e.g., a relay node) . In the following description, the terms "terminal device" , "communication device" , "terminal" , "user equipment" and "UE" may be used interchangeably.
[0082] FIG. 1A illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. Referring to FIG. 1A, as an illustrative example without limitation, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system (also referred to as computing and communications environment) 100 is provided. The communication system 100 (which may be a wireless system) comprises a radio access network (RAN) 120. The RAN 120 may be a next generation (e.g. sixth generation (6G) or later) radio access network, or a legacy (e.g. 5G, 4G, 3G or 2nd generation (2G) ) radio access network. One or more communication electronic device (ED) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (generically referred to as 110) may be interconnected to one another or connected to one or more network nodes (170a, 170b, generically referred to as 170) in the radio access network 120. A core network 130 may be a part of the communication system 100 and may be dependent or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. The communication system 100 may also comprise a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160.
[0083] In general, the communication system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to communicate data and other content. The communication system 100 may provide content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, via broadcast, multicast, groupcast, unicast, etc. And the communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications (such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc. ) The services and / or applications may be mobile broadband (MBB) services, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) services, or machine type communication (MTC) services.
[0084] The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, between its constituent elements.
[0085] FIG. 1B illustrates another example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented.
[0086] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system 120a / 120b and / or a non-terrestrial communication system 120c. The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of a terrestrial communication system 120a / 120b and a non-terrestrial communication system 120c. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system 120c (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system 120a / 120b can result in what may be considered a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks.
[0087] The terrestrial communication system 120a / 120b and the non-terrestrial communication system 120c could be considered sub-systems of the communication system.
[0088] The communication system 100 may include UE 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (generically referred to as UE 110) , and RAN 120a, 120b. In addition, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial communication network 120c. The communication system 100 may also include one or more of a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RANs 120a, 120b include respective RAN nodes such as base stations (BSs) 170a, 170b, which may be generically referred to as terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a, 170b. In one implementation, the non-terrestrial communication network 120c includes a RAN node such as an access node (or base station) 172, which may be generically referred to as a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172. As may be surmised on the basis of similarity in reference numerals, the non-terrestrial communication network 120c may be considered to be a radio access network, with operational aspects in common with the RANs 120a, 120b. In another implementations, the non-terrestrial communication network 120c may include at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device, wherein the at least one non-terrestrial network device works as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device works as a RAN node, which communicates with the UE 110 via the non-terrestrial network device. In addition, there may be a NTN gateway in the ground (i.e., referred as a terrestrial network device) also as a transport layer device to communication with both the NTN device, and the RAN node communicates with the UE 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located in the same device.
[0089] Any UE 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any T-TRP 170a, 170b and NT-TRP 172, the Internet 150, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the preceding. In some examples, UE 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with T-TRP 170a. In some examples, the UEs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, UE 110d may communicate an uplink and / or downlink transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0090] The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, such as any suitable radio access technology. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , space division multiple access (SDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA, also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDMA, DFT-s-OFDMA) in the air interfaces 190a and 190b. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may utilize other higher dimension signal spaces, which may involve a combination of orthogonal and / or non-orthogonal dimensions.
[0091] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the UE 110d and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of UEs 110 and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0092] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the core network 130 to provide the UEs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the core network 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by core network 130, and may or may not employ the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b or both. The core network 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b or UEs 110a 110b, and 110c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the UEs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the UEs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and to the Internet 150. PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as Internet Protocol (IP) , Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) , User Datagram Protocol (UDP) . UEs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0093] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown in the figure) to manage the sensed data from UE 110 and or the T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent is located in the T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node which has interface to communicate with the core network 130 and / or the RAN 120 (e.g., the T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172) .
[0094] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example user equipment or base station in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. One or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules, according to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 illustrates units or modules in a device, such as in UE 110, in T-TRP 170, or in NT-TRP 172. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps may be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) module. The user equipment or apparatus may also include operating system module (e.g., an embedded operating system, firmware, etc. ) . The respective units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices that execute software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be an integrated circuit, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. It will be appreciated that where the modules are implemented using software for execution by a processor for example, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0095] Additional details regarding the UEs 110, T-TRP 170, and NT-TRP 172 are known to those of skill in the art. As such, these details are omitted here.
[0096] FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate example devices that may implement the methods and teachings according to this disclosure. In particular, FIG. 3A illustrates an example UE 110, and FIG. 3B illustrates an example base station 170. These components could be used in the system 100 or in any other suitable system.
[0097] As shown in FIG. 3A, the UE 110 includes at least one processing unit 200. The processing unit 200 implements various processing operations of the UE 110. For example, the processing unit 200 could perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, or any other functionality enabling the UE 110 to operate in the communication system 100. The processing unit 200 may also be configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described in more detail herein. Each processing unit 200 includes any suitable processing or computing device configured to perform one or more operations. Each processing unit 200 could, for example, include a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, field programmable gate array, or application specific integrated circuit.
[0098] The UE 110 also includes at least one transceiver 202. The transceiver 202 is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna or Network Interface Controller (NIC) 204. The transceiver 202 is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver 202 includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. One or multiple transceivers 202 could be used in the UE 110. One or multiple antennas 204 could be used in the UE 110. Although shown as a single functional unit, a transceiver 202 could also be implemented using at least one transmitter and at least one separate receiver.
[0099] The UE 110 further includes one or more input / output devices 206 or interfaces (such as a wired interface to the internet 150) . The input / output devices 206 permit interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device 206 includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, such as a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, or touch screen, including network interface communications.
[0100] In addition, the UE 110 includes at least one memory 208. The memory 208 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the UE 110. For example, the memory 208 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described above and that are executed by the processing unit (s) 200. Each memory 208 includes any suitable volatile and / or non-volatile storage and retrieval device (s) . Any suitable type of memory may be used, such as random access memory (RAM) , read only memory (ROM) , hard disk, optical disc, subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like.
[0101] As shown in FIG. 3B, the base station 170 includes at least one processing unit 250, at least one transmitter 252, at least one receiver 254, one or more antennas 256, at least one memory 258, and one or more input / output devices or interfaces 266. A transceiver, not shown, may be used instead of the transmitter 252 and receiver 254. A scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processing unit 250. The scheduler 253 may be included within or operated separately from the base station 170. The processing unit 250 implements various processing operations of the base station 170, such as signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, or any other functionality. The processing unit 250 can also be configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described in more detail above. Each processing unit 250 includes any suitable processing or computing device configured to perform one or more operations. Each processing unit 250 could, for example, include a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, field programmable gate array, or application specific integrated circuit.
[0102] Each transmitter 252 includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission to one or more UEs or other devices. Each receiver 254 includes any suitable structure for processing signals received wirelessly or by wire from one or more UEs or other devices. Although shown as separate components, at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 could be combined into a transceiver. Each antenna 256 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. Although a common antenna 256 is shown here as being coupled to both the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254, one or more antennas 256 could be coupled to the transmitter (s) 252, and one or more separate antennas 256 could be coupled to the receiver (s) 254. Each memory 258 includes any suitable volatile and / or non-volatile storage and retrieval device (s) such as those described above in connection to the UE 110. The memory 258 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the base station 170. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described above and that are executed by the processing unit (s) 250.
[0103] Each input / output device 266 permits interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device 266 includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving / providing information from a user, including network interface communications.
[0104] The embodiments set forth herein represent information sufficient to practice the claimed subject matter and illustrate ways of practicing such subject matter. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying figures, those of skill in the art will understand the concepts of the claimed subject matter and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. These concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.
[0105] As briefly mentioned above, it is crucial to determine which beam (pair) is suitable for a transmit apparatus and / or receive apparatus. A suitable beam (pair) would usually be the one that provides a high received power at the receive apparatus. Such beam (pair) may be a beam from the transmit apparatus when the transmit apparatus is capable of beamforming and / or a beam at the receive apparatus when the receive apparatus is capable of beamforming. The transmit apparatus and the receive apparatus may be different devices in different communication scenarios. For example, in downlink communication, the transmit apparatus may be a network device such as BS, and the receive apparatus may be a terminal device such as UE. In uplink communication, the transmit apparatus may be a terminal device such as UE, and the receive apparatus may be a network device such as BS. In sidelink communication, the transmit apparatus and the receive apparatus may both be terminal devices such as UEs.
[0106] Some solutions can be used to obtain suitable beam pair (s) for the network device and the terminal device.
[0107] In one solution, beam sweeping is used to obtain suitable beam pair (s) . During beam sweeping, the transmit apparatus transmits sweep signals (e.g., CSI-RS) using each of its available transmission beams, so as to traverse the transmission beams. The receive apparatus measures the amount of energy that it is able to detect in network resources used to convey the sweep signals. When the transmit apparatus performs beam sweeping, the receive apparatus receives the sweep signals transmitted by the transmit apparatus, determines a beam with the best received signal quality, and feeds back the beam to the transmit apparatus. In this case, all possible beams from the transmit apparatus are swept to find beam (s) that have the best quality or provide the highest received power. However, such sweeping would require a large overhead and consumes a lot of time and frequency resources.
[0108] In another solution, hierarchical beamforming is used to obtain suitable beam pair (s) . Basically, it is based on more than one round of sweeping. In a first round, wide beams are swept, and then a selected wide beam is divided into several narrow beams. In the following rounds, narrow beams are swept. Although the overhead is somewhat reduced, this solution still uses up a large amount of time and frequency resources.
[0109] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, an improved method for beam management is provided. This method for beam management can be applied for communication between a network device and a terminal device, or between terminal devices. In this method, in order to determine beam (s) suitable for communication between the network device and the terminal device or between terminal devices, the terminal device only needs to send an approximate area range of its location, rather than an accurate location, to the network device. Once the network device receives the approximate area range of the location of the terminal device, it can determine a beam pointing to that area based on the area range. In this way, the overhead of resources may be reduced and the location privacy of the terminal device may be protected. In addition, in the improved method, spatial consistency is taken into consideration. Since frequency bands may be characterized by channels dominated by a few channel paths, spatial consistency may be ensured in terms of beam coverage when looked from different locations.
[0110] Various embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below by way of example. The following embodiments will be illustrated by taking an example where the network device is a BS and the terminal device is a UE.
[0111] FIG. 4 shows a signaling chart 400 for beam management applied for communication between the BS and the UE according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0112] In step 410, the UE sends a first information to the BS. Accordingly, the BS receives the first information.
[0113] The UE may perform an initial access procedure before sending the first information to the BS. The UE may establish communication with the BS through the initial access procedure. The initial access procedure may enable the UE and the BS to obtain necessary information (e.g., System Information Block (SIB) ) for initiating data transmission. The initial access procedure may include cell search, decoding Physical Cell Identities (PCI) and downlink synchronization.
[0114] In some embodiments, when the BS is to communicate with the UE, and / or the initial access procedure has been completed, the UE may send information about one or more areas associated with its location to the BS. After receiving the information about the one or more areas associated with the location of the UE, the BS may, based on the information about the one or more areas associated with the location of the UE, determine one or more beams for communication with the UE. In such case, the first information sent by the UE to the BS may indicate one or more areas that are associated with a location of the UE. The first information is used for the BS to determine one or more beams of the BS for communication with the UE. The first information may be included in UCI (Uplink Control Information) .
[0115] The first information does not indicate the accurate location of the UE; instead, the first information may indicate an approximate location of the UE with certain uncertainty, or may be any other forms of information implying a vague location of the UE. In this way, the UE may provide to the BS a range of possible locations of the UE, which may relieve the proprietary concerns regarding the exact location of the UE. The first information may include one or more of: azimuth angle, zenith angle, plane coordinates, spatial coordinates, longitude, latitude, or altitude.
[0116] In some embodiments, the UE, based on its location estimate, would directly provide the BS with a range of the one or more areas associated with the location of the UE described in any of the various forms presented herein. In such case, the first information may include a range of the one or more areas associated with the location of the UE.
[0117] In an implementation, the range of the one or more areas associated with the location of the UE may be represented by points that are defined by plane coordinates or spatial coordinates. For example, the first information indicates that the UE is somewhere between a and b in x direction, c and d in y-direction, and e and f in z direction, where x, y, z directions are known to both BS and UE (for example, it is assumed that the coordinates of BS is (0, 0, 0) ) . The x, y, z directions may be defined by the BS or pre-configured. For example, the accurate location of the UE is (1, 2, 3) , the first information may indicate that the UE is somewhere between 0 and 2 in the x direction, 1 and 3 in the y direction, and 2 and 4 in the z direction.
[0118] In an implementation, the range of the one or more areas associated with the location of the UE may be represented by a range of longitude and / or latitude and / or altitude of the one or more areas associated with the location of the UE. For example, the UE may associate its location with certain longitude and latitude lines and a certain altitude range. For example, the accurate location of the UE is (75.85988°W, 45.27013°N) , and the UE is 100 metres above sea level. In such case, the first information may indicate that the UE is somewhere between 75.8598°W and 75.8600°W, 45.2701°N and 45.2703°N, and 90 metres and 110 metres above sea level.
[0119] In an implementation, the range of the one or more areas associated with the location of the UE may be represented by an angular range of the one or more areas associated with the location of the UE. The angular range may be indicated by a range of azimuth angle and / or zenith angle. For example, the first information indicates that the UE is somewhere between x angle and y angle in azimuth, and z angle and l angle in zenith. For example, the UE, based on its location and the BS location, may provide the BS with two azimuth angles that indicate the boundaries of the area where the UE is currently located. In a numerical example where a UE is located at an azimuth degree of 10, it may send to the BS "7, 11" , which indicates the range of azimuth angle of the area where the UE is currently located. The larger the area enclosed, the more uncertainty in the location of the UE. In this way, the proprietary positioning problem from UE perspective may be solved. The UE may determine how wide to set the area range according to the accuracy it deems acceptable for its location privacy. An upper bound for the location of the UE uncertainty may be set by the BS or pre-configured.
[0120] In an implementation, the range of the one or more areas indicated in the first information may enclose a current location of the UE, or a future location of the UE after a certain time. It may also describe where the UE is heading. By sending the first information to the BS, the UE informs the BS of the range of the one or more areas that are associated with the location of the UE, thereby avoiding providing an accurate positioning that is considered proprietary information.
[0121] In some embodiments, the region or space around the BS may be partitioned into a plurality of areas based on the coverage of the plurality of beams of the BS. The plurality of areas may be associated with the plurality of beams of the BS. In this case, the one or more areas indicated by the first information may be selected from the plurality of areas.
[0122] In this embodiment, an area that is associated with beam (s) of the BS may be covered by the beam (s) of the BS. In this way, once the BS knows the area (s) associated with the location of the UE, it may determine or select its beam (s) associated with the area (s) , so that the beam (s) covering the area (s) may be selected for communication with the UE.
[0123] As mentioned above, the plurality of areas may be obtained according to the coverage of the plurality of beams of the BS. Since the channel may be dominated by a few channel paths, such property results in areas that may be covered by the same beam. In view of this, each beam of the BS may correspond to one or more areas. In addition, since coverage of different beams may overlap, each area may correspond to one or more of the plurality of beams of the BS. FIGS. 5A-5C illustrate examples of the coverage of the plurality of beams of the BS in a top view.
[0124] In some embodiments, the boundary of each of the plurality of areas may be determined by the BS and communicated to the UE explicitly.
[0125] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of areas may be represented by an angular range. As shown in FIG. 5A, each beam of the BS covers an area in a certain angular range, and each area corresponds to a beam of the BS. For example, each area is represented by an angle lower bound and an angle upper bound. For another example, each area is represented by a mean angle and a variation around the mean angle. In an implementation, the angular range includes an angular range indicated by azimuth angle and / or zenith angle. For example, each area is represented by angular ranges of two sets of angles, where the first set of angular range bounds the azimuth angle and the second set of angular range bounds the zenith angle.
[0126] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by a flat shape and an orientation of the flat shape. As shown in FIG. 5B, each beam of the BS covers an area that can be approximated by a flat shape similar to the area, and each area corresponds to a beam of the BS. The shape of the areas may rely on the antenna structure of the BS antennas and the topography of the BS location. The flat shape can be one of a circle, a square, a rectangle, or an ellipse, or is approximated as one of a circle, a square, an ellipse, or a rectangle. In an example, each area is approximated as a circle with a center and radius. In another example, each area is represented as a square with a center and diagonal. In another example, each area is represented as an ellipse. In another example, each area is represented by a rectangle. In this case, a flat shape (e.g., square, rectangle, or ellipse) may represent different areas based on its rotation in a two-dimensional (2D) plane (i.e., an orientation of the flat shape) , and each area is represented or approximated by a flat shape similar to it according to the coverage of the beams of the BS. In other words, irregular shapes of coverage of the beams of the BS are approximated by regular shapes. As such, each area can be represented in a simple way. Note that a circle may not have an orientation in the 2D plane, and orientation of a circle may not be used for describing an area.
[0127] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by a solid shape or is approximated as a solid shape. The shape of the areas may also rely on the antenna structure of the BS antennas and the topography of the BS location. The solid shape can be one of a sphere, a cuboid, or an ellipsoid, or is approximated as one of a sphere, a cuboid, or an ellipsoid. In this case, a solid shape (e.g., sphere, a cuboid, or ellipsoid) may represent different areas based on its rotation in a three-dimensional (3D) space (i.e., an orientation of the solid shape) , and each area is represented or approximated by a solid shape similar to it according to the coverage of the beams of the BS. In other words, irregular shapes of coverage of the beams of the BS are approximated by regular shapes. As such, each area can be represented in a simple way. Note that a sphere may not have an orientation in the 3D space, and orientation of a sphere may not be used for describing an area.
[0128] A solid shape may be used in indoor or outdoor scenario. For example, a beam of the BS may span for several floors (e.g., two floors) in indoor scenario.
[0129] In an implementation, at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by a range defined by a plurality of points that are indicated by plane coordinates or spatial coordinates. In a case where the areas are in irregular shapes, plane coordinates or spatial coordinates may be used to represent the areas.
[0130] In some embodiments, apart from communicating boundaries of each area to the UE explicitly, the BS may send parameters to the UE, so that the UE may use the parameters to generate the boundaries of the areas. An example is when the BS sends the UE a number of points (e.g., indicated by x, y coordinates, or x, y, z coordinates) and the UE determines which point (or more than one point) is the nearest to the location of the UE. In such case, the boundaries may be formed or determined by the UE itself. For example, the UE may form or determine the boundaries of the areas using Voronoi boundaries. Other methods of generating areas or boundaries are not precluded.
[0131] In an implementation, the areas may be obtained according to whether the scenario is indoor or outdoor. For indoor scenario, the areas correspond to rooms or spaces. In addition, each area may be represented by a floor level value. For outdoor scenario, it is possible to represent areas based on existing boundaries, such as street marks. For example, an area may be represented by a region that is bounded by two buildings. In another example, each area is represented by a region bounded by a building from one side and a river from the other side.
[0132] The areas may be represented by various ways described above. For example, areas for LoS UEs are represented by angular ranges, while areas for NLoS UEs are represented by shapes (e.g., circle, square, rectangle, or ellipse, or an approximate shape thereof) and orientations of the shapes.
[0133] All of the plurality of areas may cover the whole coverage of the plurality of beams of the BS or cover a part of the whole coverage of the plurality of beams of the BS. In the latter case, the plurality of areas may cover a range where the UEs may exist. The plurality of areas may or may not be separated by gaps between them. The plurality of areas may be intersecting, as some beams'coverage areas may overlap.
[0134] After obtaining the plurality of areas according to the coverage of the plurality of beams of the BS, the UE may need to select one or more areas associated with the location of the UE from the plurality of areas. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, an information about the plurality of areas that are associated with the plurality of beams of the BS may be sent by the BS to the UE, or may be pre-configured.
[0135] In a case where the information about the plurality of areas is sent by the BS, in step 405, the BS sends a second information indicating the plurality of areas to the UE. Accordingly, the UE receives the second information. This step is optional.
[0136] In this embodiment, the BS may inform the UE of the plurality of areas, and the UE may select area (s) associated with its location from the plurality of areas. In this way, the UE does not have to inform the BS of its accurate location, and the privacy of the UE may be protected.
[0137] In this step, the second information may indicate the plurality of areas by using one or more of angles, centers, distances, orientation, or coordinates. The UE receives the second information and then associates its location to one or more of the plurality of areas.
[0138] The plurality of areas may be represented by centers, edges, sides, orientation and other values that may be quantized and communicated to the UE. For example, each angle is quantized to a number of bits, and the BS may send sets of bits indicating angles of the areas to the UE. Then the UE may determine its association with each area based on the sets of bits indicating the angles of the areas.
[0139] The BS may send the second information according to different scenarios. For example, the BS may send the second information indicating sets of angles representing the areas when the BS and UE are in LoS scenario. For another example, the BS may send the second information indicating sets of shapes (e.g., circle, square, rectangle, or ellipse, or an approximate shape thereof) and the orientation of each shape representing the areas when the BS and UE are in NLoS scenario.
[0140] In an implementation, the second information may include an area ID corresponding to each area. The area ID of each area may be represented by a binary value. For example, if there are four possible areas, the first possible area may be assigned a binary value of "00" , the second possible area may be assigned "01" , the third "10" , and the fourth "11" . In the case where the second information includes an area ID corresponding to each area, the first information may be a feedback that indicates the area ID (s) that the UE is associated with.
[0141] In an implementation, the second information is carried in signaling sent from the BS to the UE. In an example, in initial access where the UE tries to get the best access beam in a RACH (Random Access Channel) procedure, the second information may be carried on SSB (Synchronization Signal Block) beams. In another example, the second information may be carried on RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling or DCI (Downlink Control Information) after the initial access.
[0142] The second information may be shared by more than one BS. In this case, when the UE moves from the coverage of beam (s) of BS 1 to the coverage of beam (s) of BS 2 and performs handover procedures, the UE may use the second information already received from BS 1 without receiving a second information from BS 2.
[0143] In some embodiments, once the UE receives the second information, the UE may save the second information (e.g., for a certain duration of time) so that the BS does not need to send the second information to the UE repeatedly in a case where the UE stays in the same area or a case when the UE leaves the coverage of beam (s) of the BS and returns to the coverage of beam (s) of the BS after a certain period of time.
[0144] In the case where the second information is pre-configured, the second information may be pre-defined or pre-configured in the standard and shared between more than one BS. In this case, the BS does not need to send the second information to the UE. The standard may indicate the areas in different ways. The areas may be represented by at least one of angular ranges, shapes and orientation of the shapes, or a range defined by a plurality of points that are indicated by plane coordinates or spatial coordinates, as described above.
[0145] In an implementation, areas may be indicated or described with a group of tables set in a standard. Each table may indicate areas represented / described in a certain way, and each row of a table may represent an area described in the certain way. For example, Table 0 may include a number of rows, and each row represents an angular range; Table 1 may include a number of rows, and each row represents a shape and orientation of the shape; and Table 2 may include a number of rows, and each row represents a range in plane coordinates or in spatial coordinates. Each of the tables may be identified by a table index ( “0” for Table 0, “1” for Table 1, and “2” for Table 2) . In addition, each row of a table may be identified by an index (e.g., row index) . Since the group of tables are set by standard, the BS and the UE may know the group of tables without additional input. In this case, the BS may only need to communicate the table index (e.g., “0” , “1” , or “2” ) to the UE. After receiving the table index and determining the area it is associated with, the UE may feedback the row index (or indices) that indicates the area (s) associated with the UE.
[0146] In an implementation, some of the values (e.g. area IDs) that indicate the areas may be set by the standard and the BS does not need to communicate such values to the UE. After obtaining the area IDs set by the standard, the UE may send to the BS the first information indicating the area ID (s) that the UE is associated with.
[0147] The second information may be valid for long periods of time compared to the time frame of communication systems. In a case where the region around a BS is partitioned into areas, the second information may remain valid for long periods of time as the coverage of the beams of the BS is relatively fixed. In a case where the region around a UE is partitioned into areas, the second information may remain valid for long periods of time when the UE moves within a certain region in a certain period of time. For example, the second information sent to the UE (e.g., a hand-held phone) when the user walks in a park may be valid for hours.
[0148] The UE may determine its association to one or more areas of the plurality of areas based on the second information and an estimate of its own location. In this case, the estimate may be a noisy estimate.
[0149] In the case where the areas are represented by an angular range, the UE may determine which area it is associated with by identifying which angular range its location belongs to. In the case where the areas are represented by a range defined by a plurality of points that are indicated by plane coordinates or spatial coordinates, or represented by a shape (e.g., circle, square, rectangle, or ellipse, or an approximate shape thereof) and an orientation of the shape, the UE may determine which area it is associated with by identifying which area it is located in or by identifying which area is nearest to its location. In a case where the UE generates the boundaries itself, the UE may determine which area it is associated with by identifying which area it is located in.
[0150] In an implementation, the UE may determine its association to one area. In an implementation, the UE may determine its association to more than one area when taking its location uncertainty into account. For example, the UE may find itself in Area 1, and its distance to Area 2 is x meters. However, the pre-configured uncertainty value in the UE's positioning estimate is more than x meters, which means that the UE may belong to Area 2. In such case, the UE may report one or more areas (Area 1 and Area 2) according to the location uncertainty value. The UE may also determine its association to more than one area to provide more uncertainty regarding its location to alleviate privacy concerns.
[0151] As described above, the second information may be sent to the UE from the BS, and then the UE may associate itself with at least one of the areas. In an implementation, the second information may be pre-configured. In such case, the UE may directly determine such association without BS input.
[0152] In this embodiment, once the BS knows the areas associated with the location of the UE, it may determine its beam (s) associated with the areas for communication with the UE.
[0153] Before sending the first information to the BS, the UE may need to know what to report and when to report. In view of this, the UE needs to obtain information that indicates the first information that the UE is required to report and / or a time or an interval at which the UE is required to report the first information.
[0154] In some embodiments, in step 405, the BS sends the third information to the UE. Accordingly, the UE receives the third information. This step is optional.
[0155] The third information may indicate the information that the UE is required to report. In this way, the UE may know what to report in the first information.
[0156] For example, the third information may instruct the UE to report at least one of: area (s) where the UE is currently located (also referred to as current area (s) ) , area (s) adjacent to the current area (s) of the UE (also referred to as neighboring area (s) ) , or area (s) where the UE is heading. The third information may change frequently according to the requirements of the BS.
[0157] In one example, the third information may instruct the UE to report only one area. In such case, if the UE only belongs to one area, the UE behavior is direct, that is, the UE reports the one area it belongs to. If the UE does not belong to any areas (e.g., when areas do not cover all the whole space) , in one example, the UE may report the area with the closest boundary; in another example, the UE may report the area with the closest center. If the UE belongs to more than one area (e.g., when areas are allowed to intersect) , in one example, it may report the area with the farthest boundary; in another example, it may report the area with the closest center.
[0158] Note that it is also possible that the UE reports the area where it is heading. In one example, the third information may contain a time stamp, and the time stamp may indicate a certain duration of time or a certain time in the future. The UE, based on the time stamp, may estimate its future location after the certain duration of time or at the certain time in the future, and feeds back the area associated with its future location. The UE may estimate its future location based on its current movement and current location.
[0159] The UE may be configured to report more than one area. These areas may be the areas that the UE is currently within their boundaries, close to their boundaries, or close to their centers, or any other areas with spatial constraint that is configured by the BS or pre-configured by standard. The UE may report more than one area if it’s uncertain of its location, for example, when taking its location uncertainty into account. Besides, the UE may report more than one area even if it is certain of its location. In this case, the UE may feed back the areas which it is currently occupying, or areas it is heading to, or neighboring areas. Such areas may provide valuable information regarding which beams are suitable for future beam switching, and which beams can be useful for beam failure recovery. For example, the UE may report the neighboring areas for possible beam switching when leaving the current area.
[0160] The third information may further indicate a time or an interval at which the UE is required to report the first information. In this way, the UE may know when to report the first information.
[0161] For example, the third information may instruct the UE to send the first information periodically, and the third information may indicate how often the UE should report the first information. For another example, report of the first information may be triggered by a signaling such as DCI (Downlink Control Information) . For another example, the third information may instruct the UE to send the first information when an area different from the one or more areas is associated with the location of the UE (e.g., the UE is leaving / about to leave the current area) . In this way, the first information is updated and sent to the BS when the location of the UE changes or is going to change, so that the BS may adjust its beam (s) accordingly.
[0162] In some embodiments, the third information may be pre-configured. In a case where the third information is pre-configured by the standard, the standard may indicate the information that the UE is required to report and / or a time or an interval at which the UE is required to report the first information.
[0163] After receiving or obtaining the third information, the UE may determine the first information according to the third information.
[0164] In this embodiment, the UE may provide its approximate location to the BS with certain uncertainty, thereby relieving the proprietary concerns regarding the accurate UE location.
[0165] In step 415, the BS determines one or more beams of the BS based on the first information. The one or more beams may be transmit beam (s) of the BS in downlink scenario, or may be receive beam (s) of the BS in uplink scenario.
[0166] In a case where the first information includes a range of the one or more areas associated with the location of the UE, after receiving the first information from the UE, the BS may know the approximate location of the UE. Then, the BS may determine one or more beams of the BS that point towards the one or more areas associated with the location of the UE. In this way, the BS determines one or more beams, from a plurality of beams of the BS, for communication with the UE based on the first information.
[0167] In a case where the one or more areas are selected from the plurality of areas, and the plurality of areas are associated with the plurality of beams of the BS, once the BS obtains the first information, the BS may exploit the first information to determine the beam or set of beams that are associated with the one or more areas. Since each of the plurality of areas is associated with one or more of the plurality of beams of the BS, after obtaining the one or more areas that are associated with the location of the UE, the BS may determine one or more beams that are associated with the one or more areas. For example, the BS may receive an area ID from the UE. Then, the BS may determine one or more beams that are associated with the area identified by the area ID.
[0168] The BS may exploit the first information and additional information it already has to determine the beam or set of beams that are for communication with the UE. The additional information can come from various sources including, but not limited to, UE’s historical location information, beam information, fingerprinting database, channel reconstruction information, environmental sensing information, analysis of the cell image, etc.
[0169] In this embodiment, the one or more areas associated with the location of the UE may indicate an approximate location of the UE. Once the BS knows the approximate location of the UE, it may determine one or more beams for communication with the UE accordingly. In this way, since the US does not have to sweep all the beams, the overhead of resources may be reduced. In addition, the BS does not have to know the accurate location of the UE, so the location privacy of the UE may be protected.
[0170] After the BS determines one or more beams based on the first information, the UE may determine its beam with the assistance of the BS in step 420 or just by using conventional solutions. In the former case, the BS may further send to the UE an information for assisting the UE to determine its beam (s) for communication with the BS. In this case, the areas may be associated with the beams of the UE to help the UE determine its beam (s) for communication with the BS.
[0171] In step 420, the BS sends a fourth information to the UE. Accordingly, the UE receives the fourth information. This step is optional.
[0172] Apart from BS beams, alternatively, areas can also be associated with UE beams. In this step, the BS sends the fourth information to the UE for determining one or more beams of the UE, and the fourth information indicates an association between a plurality of beams of the UE and a plurality of areas. In such case, when the UE is in a certain area, it may use the beam (s) associated with the certain area for communication with the BS according to the fourth information.
[0173] In an implementation, the association between the plurality of beams of the UE and the plurality of areas is obtained by associating angles of the plurality of beams of the UE to the plurality of areas. For example, the angles may be azimuth angles and / or zenith angles. The angles may be represented by absolute angles or differential angles. The fourth information may indicate whether azimuth angles or zenith angles are used and / or whether absolute angles or differential angles are used. In this way, the UE may determine its beam (s) , according to the angles of the beams, for communication with the BS.
[0174] The angles of the plurality of beams of the UE may be represented by a few bits. In the case where the angles are absolute angles, in one example, each area is associated with a set of bits, these bits can be translated into a quantized angle that the UE may use as its beam angle (e.g., azimuth angle or zenith angle) . In another example, each area is associated with two sets of bits that can be translated into an angle pair (e.g., an angle pair includes azimuth angle and zenith angle) . In the case where the angles are differential angles, each area may be associated with bits that can be translated as an angle difference relative to another angle (e.g., an angle difference in azimuth / zenith on the basis of the current or a known azimuth / zenith angle) .
[0175] For example, in an exemplary implementation, the BS is using its beam X to communicate with the UE, and beam X is associated with area Y1 and area Y2. In addition, area Y1 is associated with UE beam of angle Z1, and area Y2 is associated with UE beam of angle Z2 and angle Z3. In such case, the fourth information may indicate the association between the UE beams and area Y1 and area Y2. Specifically, the fourth information may indicate that area Y1 is associated with UE beam 00 (which refers to the UE beam of angle Z1) , and area Y2 is associated with UE beam 01 and UE beam 10 (which refer to the UE beam of angle Z2 and the UE beam of angle Z3 respectively) .
[0176] In an implementation, the fourth information may be determined based on angle resolution. In some cases, the UE may inform the BS regarding its angle resolution, and then the BS may determine the fourth information based on this resolution. As described above, an angle may be represented by a number of bits. For example, if we assume 2-bit angle resolution, two bits may be used to represent the angle. Since there are four possible combinations (00, 01, 10, and 11) when two bits are used, the four possible combinations may be used to represent four possible angles (e.g., 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°) . The more bits used, the more angles represented, and the higher angle resolution achieved. The higher the angle resolution, the more precise the association between the plurality of beams of the UE and the plurality of areas. The angle resolution may also be referred to as beam resolution.
[0177] In step 425, the UE determines one or more beams of the UE for communication with the BS. This step is optional. The one or more beams of the UE may be receive beam (s) of the UE in downlink scenario, or may be transmit beam (s) of the UE in uplink scenario.
[0178] After receiving the fourth information from the BS, the UE may determine its association to the one or more areas, and further determine its own beam according to the fourth information.
[0179] For example, in the exemplary implementation described above, when the UE associates itself with area Y1 based on its estimate of its own location, since the fourth information indicates that area Y1 is associated with UE beam 00, the UE may determine its beam 00 (that is, beam of angle Z1) for communication with the BS.
[0180] For another example, in the exemplary implementation described above, when the UE associates itself with area Y2 based on its estimate of its own location, since the fourth information indicates that area Y2 is associated with UE beam 01 and UE beam 10, the UE may determine its beam 01 and beam 10 (that is, beam of angle Z2 and beam of angle Z3) for communication with the BS.
[0181] In some embodiments, steps 420 and 425 may be implemented separately and may not be implemented with steps 405-415 described above.
[0182] In step 430, the BS communicates with the UE using at least one of the one or more beams of the BS or at least one of the one or more beams of the UE.
[0183] In an implementation, the BS may directly use the one or more beams of the BS determined in step 415, that is, the BS may set its beam (s) toward the one or more areas associated with the location of the UE and communicate with the UE by using the one or more beams.
[0184] In an implementation, the BS may further perform beam measurement using the one or more beams of the BS determined in step 415. In this way, the BS may select or determine at least one of the one or more beams of the BS with the highest quality. For example, once the BS obtains the first information, the BS may use the beams of the BS associated with the area (s) indicated by the first information to send CSI-RS to the UE, for channel acquisition purpose (e.g., CSI acquisition) . Then, optionally by TCI (Transmission Configuration Indicator) configuration, the BS may inform the UE regarding the communication information, whether UL or DL. In such case, the BS may communicate with the UE using at least one of the one or more beams of the BS with the best performance.
[0185] In an implementation, the UE may directly use the one or more beams of the UE determined in step 425. For example, after the UE determines its beam 00 for communication with the BS, the UE may communicate with the BS using the beam 00.
[0186] In an implementation, the UE may further perform beam measurement using the one or more beams of the UE determined in step 425. For example, the UE may further feed back the BS the number of possible UE beams and perform beam measurement using the one or more beams (e.g., using CSI-RS to pick, confirm, or fine tune the beam (s) of the UE) . In this way, the UE may select or determine at least one of the one or more beams of the UE with the highest quality. For example, in the exemplary implementation described above, after the UE determines its beam 01 and beam 10 for communication with the BS, the UE may further feed back ‘two’ (that is, the number of beam 01 and beam 10) to the BS, then the BS and UE may perform measurements using UE beam 01 and beam 10 in order to determine an appropriate beam (pair) . In such case, the BS may communicate with the UE using at least one of the one or more beams of the BS with the best performance. In this way, the overhead of resources may be reduced and the location privacy of the UE may be protected.
[0187] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, another method for determining beam (s) of a UE is provided. This method for determining beam (s) of the UE can be applied for communication between the BS and the UE. In order to determine beam (s) suitable for communication between BS and UE, the BS sends an information about association between a plurality of beams of the UE and a plurality of areas to the UE. After the UE determines areas that are associated with its location, it may determine the beam (s) based on the information received from the BS. In this way, the overhead of resources may be reduced and the location privacy of the UE may be protected.
[0188] FIG. 6 shows another signaling chart 500 for beam management applied for communication between the BS and UE according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0189] In step 510, the BS sends a first information to a UE. Accordingly, the UE receives the first information.
[0190] In this step, the BS sends a first information to the UE for determining one or more beams of the UE, and the first information indicates an association between a plurality of beams of the UE and a plurality of areas. In such case, when the UE is in a certain area, it may use the beam (s) associated with the certain area for communication with the BS according to the first information. As for details of the first information, reference may be made to related description of the fourth information above.
[0191] The first information may be determined based on the beam (s) that the BS is using to communicate with the UE. The beam (s) of the BS may be determined by using the solution described above and shown in FIG. 4 or by using other solutions, which is not limited here. In the case where conventional solutions are used to determine the beam (s) of the BS, the beam (s) of the UE may be obtained by using the solution shown in FIG. 6.
[0192] At least one of the plurality of areas may be represented by at least one of angular ranges (e.g., ranges of azimuth angle and / or zenith angle) , shapes (e.g., circle, square, ellipse, or rectangle, or an approximate shape thereof) and orientation of the shapes, or a range defined by a plurality of points that are indicated by plane coordinates or spatial coordinates. As for the way of obtaining and representing the plurality of areas, reference may be made to the way of obtaining and representing the plurality of areas described above, and details will not be repeated here.
[0193] In step 515, the UE determines one or more beams of the UE for communication with the BS. The one or more beams may be receive beam (s) of the UE in downlink scenario, or may be transmit beam (s) of the UE in uplink scenario.
[0194] After obtaining the first information, the UE may determine its association to one or more areas, and further determine its own beam (s) according to the first information. As for details of step 515, reference may be made to related description of step 425 above.
[0195] In step 520, the UE communicates with the BS using at least one of the one or more beams of the UE.
[0196] In an implementation, the UE may directly use the one or more beams determined in step 515. In an implementation, in order to select or determine at least one of the one or more beams of the UE with the highest quality, the UE may further perform beam measurement using the one or more beams determined in step 515. As for details of step 520, reference may be made to related description of the step 430 above. In such case, the UE may communicate with the BS using at least one of the one or more beams of the UE with the best performance. In this way, the overhead of resources may be reduced and the location privacy of the UE may be protected.
[0197] Another form for associating different areas with beams of the UE is by sharing location of the BS. In such case, different areas are associated with beams of the UE, and the areas are associated with different locations of the BS instead of locations of the UE. The location of the BS represents where the UE needs to point its beam to.
[0198] The location of the BS may be an actual location of the BS or a virtual location of the BS. The actual location of the BS is the real location of the BS. The virtual location of the BS is a location different from the real location of the BS. For example, when the beam from the BS is reflected by an object and is redirected to another direction, the UE receiving such beam would see as if the BS is somewhere behind that reflector with a certain distance. In this case, “somewhere behind that reflector with a certain distance” is considered as the virtual location of the BS.
[0199] In some embodiments, the BS may inform the UE regarding BS location and UE’s LoS status. In a case where the UE is LoS, the BS may inform the UE of the UE’s LoS status (i.e., the UE is LoS) and the actual location of the BS. After that, the UE may set or design its beam (s) according to its location, the actual location of the BS, and the UE’s orientation information. For example, the UE may set its beam by pointing its beam to the actual location of the BS. In a case where the UE is NLoS, the BS may inform the UE of UE’s LoS status (i.e., the UE is NLoS) and the virtual location of the BS. After that, the UE may set or design its beam (s) according to its location, the virtual location of the BS, and orientation information. For example, the UE may set its beam by pointing its beam to the virtual location of the BS.
[0200] The UE’s LoS status may be directly sent to the UE by the BS. For example, the BS may send “0” to the UE if the UE is NLoS and may send “1” to the UE if the UE is LoS. The UE’s LoS status may be indirectly sent to the UE by the BS. For example, the BS may inform the UE of areas where the UEs are LoS and / or areas where the UEs are NLoS.
[0201] Once the UE obtains information indicating the location (e.g., actual location, virtual location) of the BS, the UE may set its beam based on which area it is associated to. To enable such idea, the UE may need to know its orientation information to set its beam correctly. The UE’s orientation information reflects the rotation of the UE in three-dimensional space. For example, if the UE is a hand-held device, it may be placed with its screen facing up or down. Since the UE may be rotated without changing its location, the UE’s orientation information may change while the UE remains at the same location. Therefore, the UE may need to know its orientation information so that it may know where to point its beam. While the orientation may not be immediately available in some cases (e.g., hand-held devices) , it can be estimated or obtained; and in other cases it can be pretty straight forward (e.g., autonomous cars) .
[0202] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for beam management applied for communication between different UEs (i.e., in sidelink scenario) is provided. In order to determine beam (s) suitable for communication in sidelink scenario, the BS sends information to the UEs about areas around the UEs, and then the UEs send to the BS feedback indicating area (s) that are associated with their approximate locations respectively. After receiving the feedback from the UEs, the BS may indicate the directions that the UEs should point their beams to respectively in order to enable sidelink communication between the UEs. In this way, the UEs does not have to sweep all the beams, so that the overhead of resources may be reduced. In addition, the BS does not have to know the accurate location of the UEs, so that the location privacy of the UEs may be protected.
[0203] FIG. 7 shows yet another signaling chart 600 for beam management according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The signaling chart 600 involves UE A, UE B, and a BS.
[0204] In step 610, the BS sends a first information to UE A. Accordingly, UE A receives the first information.
[0205] The first information indicates a plurality of first areas. The plurality of first areas may be represented by at least one of angular ranges (e.g., ranges of azimuth angle and / or zenith angle) , shapes (e.g., circle, square, ellipse, or rectangle, or an approximate shape thereof) and orientation of the shapes, or a range defined by a plurality of points that are indicated by plane coordinates or spatial coordinates. In this way, areas may be described in a simple way by using regular shapes and orientations of the regular shapes. In addition, points that are indicated by plane coordinates or spatial coordinates may be used to describe the areas in a case where the shapes of the areas are irregular.
[0206] The plurality of first areas may be determined by the BS by partitioning the region around UE A. In an implementation, the plurality of first areas may be obtained based on existing boundaries, such as street marks, buildings, and rivers. In an implementation, the plurality of first areas may be obtained based on coverage of the beams of the UE A.
[0207] In some embodiments, the plurality of first areas may be pre-configured.
[0208] In step 615, the BS sends a second information to UE B. Accordingly, UE B receives the second information.
[0209] The second information indicates a plurality of second areas. The plurality of areas may be represented by at least one of angular ranges (e.g., ranges of azimuth angle and / or zenith angle) , shapes (e.g., circle, square, ellipse, or rectangle, or an approximate shape thereof) and orientation of the shapes, or a range defined by a plurality of points that are indicated by plane coordinates or spatial coordinates. The plurality of second areas may be determined by the BS by partitioning the region around UE B. In an implementation, the plurality of second areas may be obtained based on existing boundaries, such as street marks, buildings, and rivers. In an implementation, the plurality of first areas may be obtained based on coverage of the beams of the UE B.
[0210] In some embodiments, the plurality of second areas may be pre-configured.
[0211] In step 620, UE A sends a third information to the BS. Accordingly, the BS receives the third information.
[0212] The third information indicates one or more first areas of the plurality of first areas, and the one or more first areas are associated with a location of UE A.
[0213] Once receiving the first information, UE A may determine its association to one or more first areas depending on an estimate of its own location. In this case, the estimate may be a noisy estimate. As for the way in which UE A determines its association to one or more first areas, reference may be made to the above description of the way in which the UE determines its association to one or more areas, and details will not be repeated here. After determining its association to one or more first areas, UE A may send the third information to the BS, and the third information may indicate one or more first areas that are associated with the location of UE A.
[0214] In step 625, UE B sends a fourth information to the BS. Accordingly, the BS receives the fourth information.
[0215] The fourth information indicates one or more second areas of the plurality of second areas, and the one or more second areas are associated with a location of UE B.
[0216] Once receiving the second information, UE B may determine its association to one or more second areas depending on an estimate of its own location. In this case, the estimate may be a noisy estimate. As for the way in which UE B determines its association to one or more second areas, reference may be made to the above description of the way in which the UE determines its association to one or more areas, and details will not be repeated here. After determining its association to one or more second areas, UE B may send the fourth information to the BS, and the fourth information may indicate one or more second areas that are associated with the location of UE B.
[0217] In step 630, the BS sends a fifth information to UE A. Accordingly, UE A receives the fifth information.
[0218] The fifth information indicates a direction that at least one beam of UE A for communication with UE B is to point to. The fifth information is determined based on the third information and the fourth information.
[0219] Once the BS receives the third information and the fourth information, the BS may know the approximate locations of UE A and UE B. The BS may determine which direction the beam (s) of UE A should point to so that UE A may use its beam (s) to communicate with UE B directly. In a case where UE A and UE B are in LoS scenario, the BS may instruct UE A to set its beam (s) toward the approximate location of UE B. In a case where UE A and UE B are in NLoS scenario, the BS may instruct UE A to set its beam (s) toward a certain reflector so that the beam (s) of UE A may reach UE B after being reflected.
[0220] In step 635, the BS sends a sixth information to UE B. Accordingly, UE B receives the sixth information.
[0221] The sixth information indicates a direction that at least one beam of UE B for communication with UE A is to point to. The sixth information is determined based on the third information and the fourth information.
[0222] Once the BS receives the third information and the fourth information, the BS may know the approximate locations of UE A and UE B. The BS may determine which direction the beam (s) of UE B should point to so that UE B may use its beam (s) to communicate with UE A directly. In a case where UE A and UE B are in LoS scenario, the BS may instruct UE B to set its beam (s) toward the approximate location of UE A. In a case where UE A and UE B are in NLoS scenario, the BS may instruct UE B to set its beam (s) toward a certain reflector so that the beam (s) of UE B may reach UE A after being reflected.
[0223] In step 640, UE A determines one or more beams of UE A. The one or more beams of UE A may be receive beam (s) or transmit beam (s) of the UE A in sidelink scenario.
[0224] In this step, UE A determines one or more beams, from a plurality of beams of UE A, for communication with UE B based on the fifth information. As the fifth information indicates the direction that at least one beam of UE A for communication with UE B is to point to, UE A may set its beam (s) toward this direction in order to communicate with UE B directly.
[0225] In step 645, UE B determines one or more beams of UE B. The one or more beams of UE B may be receive beam (s) or transmit beam (s) of the UE B in sidelink scenario.
[0226] In this step, UE B determines one or more beams, from a plurality of beams of UE B, for communication with UE A based on the sixth information. As the sixth information indicates the direction that at least one beam of UE B for communication with UE A is to point to, UE B may set its beam (s) toward this direction in order to communicate with UE A directly.
[0227] In step 650, UE A and UE B communicate with each other.
[0228] In this step, UE A and UE B communicate with each other using at least one of the one or more beams determined in step 640 and at least one of the one or more beams determined in step 650 respectively.
[0229] In an implementation, UE A and UE B may further perform beam measurement using the one or more beams determined in step 640 and at least one of the one or more beams determined in step 650 respectively. For example, UE A and UE B may further use CSI-RS to pick, confirm, or fine tune the beam (s) of UE A and / or the beam (s) of UE B. UE A and / or UE B may select or determine at least one of the one or more beams of UE A and / or at least one of the one or more beams of UE B with the highest quality. In this way, sidelink communication is enabled; as such, the overhead of resources may be reduced and the location privacy of the UE may be protected.
[0230] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer- readable storage medium) . The computer-readable storage medium has stored thereon program instructions that, when run on a network device / terminal device, cause the network device / terminal device to execute one or more steps of the method for beam management as described in any one of the above embodiments.
[0231] For example, the computer-readable storage medium includes, but is not limited to, a magnetic storage device (e.g., a hard disk, a floppy disk or a magnetic tape) , an optical disk (e.g., a compact disk (CD) , or a DVD) , a smart card, and a flash memory device (e.g., an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , a card, a stick or a key driver) . Various computer-readable storage media described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable storage media, which are used for storing information. The term "computer-readable storage medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing and / or carrying instructions and / or data.
[0232] Some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a computer program product. The computer program product includes program instructions carried on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When executed on a network device / terminal device, the computer program instructions cause the network device / terminal device to perform one or more steps of the method for beam management as described in the above embodiments.
[0233] Beneficial effects of the computer-readable storage medium and the computer program product are the same as the beneficial effects of the method for beam management as described in some of the above embodiments, and details will not be repeated here.
[0234] The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementations of the present disclosure, but the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any changes or replacements within the technical scope of the present disclosure shall be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
[0235] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions. The instructions, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to implement a method of the present disclosure.
[0236] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a chip. The chip includes a logic circuit and a power supply circuit. The power supply circuit is used to supply power to the logic circuit. The logical circuit is used to execute the steps of the method for beam management of the present disclosure.
[0237] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus / chipset system comprising means (e.g., at least one processor) to implement a method of the present disclosure. The apparatus / chipset system may be device (that is, a terminal device or a network device) or a module / component in the device. In details, the at least one processor may execute instructions stored in a computer-readable medium to implement the method.
[0238] The solutions described in the disclosure is applicable to a next generation (e.g. sixth generation (6G) or later) network, or a legacy (e.g. 5G, 4G, 3G or 2G) network.
[0239] It will be appreciated that any module, component, or device disclosed herein that executes instructions may include, or otherwise have access to, a non-transitory computer / processor readable storage medium or media for storage of information, such as computer / processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, optical disks such as compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , digital video discs or digital versatile discs (i.e., DVDs) , Blu-ray DiscTM, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory or other memory technology. Any such non-transitory computer / processor storage media may be part of a device / apparatus or accessible or connectable thereto. Computer / processor readable / executable instructions to implement a method, an application or a module described herein may be stored or otherwise held by such non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media.
[0240] It could be noted that the message in the disclosure could be replaced with information, which may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0241] The terms “apparatus” and “device” are used exchangeable.
[0242] In the disclosure, the word “a” or “an” when used in conjunction with the term “comprising” or “including” in the claims and / or the specification may mean “one” , but it is also consistent with the meaning of “one or more” , “at least one” , and “one or more than one” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Similarly, the word “another” may mean at least a second or more unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
[0243] In the disclosure, the words “first” , “second” , etc., when used before a same term (e.g., UE, or an operating step) does not mean an order or a sequence of the term. For example, the “first UE” and the “second UE” , means two different UEs without specially indicated, and similarly, the “first step” and the “second step” means two different operating steps without specially indicated, but does not mean the first step have to happen before the second step. The real order depends on the logic of the two steps.
[0244] The terms “coupled” , “coupling” or “connected” as used herein can have several different meanings depending on the context in which these terms are used. For example, as used herein, the terms coupled, coupling, or connected can indicate that two elements or devices are directly connected to one another or connected to one another through one or more intermediate elements or devices via a mechanical element depending on the particular context.
[0245] Note that the expression “at least one of A or B” , as used herein, is interchangeable with the expression “Aand / or B” . It refers to a list in which you may select A or B or both A and B. Similarly, “at least one of A, B, or C” , as used herein, is interchangeable with “Aand / or B and / or C” or “A, B, and / or C” . It refers to a list in which you may select: A or B or C, or both A and B, or both A and C, or both B and C, or all of A, B and C. The same principle applies for longer lists having a same format.
[0246] The present disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0247] The term “receive” , “detect” and “decode” as used herein can have several different meanings depending on the context in which these terms are used. For example, without special note, the term “receive” may indicate that information (e.g., DCI, or MAC-CE, RRC signaling or TB) is received successfully by the receiving node, which means the receiving side correctly detect and decode it. In this scenario, “receive” may cover “detect” and “decode” or may indicates same thing, e.g., “receive paging” means decoding paging correctly and obtaining the paging successfully, accordingly, “the receiving side does not receive paging” means the receiving side does not detect and / or decoding the paging. “paging is not received” means the receiving side tries to detect and / or decoding the paging, but not obtain the paging successfully. The term “receive” may sometimes indicate that a signal arrives at the receiving side, but does not mean the information in the signal is detected and decoded correctly, then the receiving side need perform detecting and decoding on the signal to obtain the information carried in the signal. In this scenario, “receive” , “detect” and “decode” may indicate different procedure at receiving side to obtain the information. Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. When combining two or more embodiments, not all the features in the embodiments to be combined are necessary for the combination.
[0248] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
Claims
1.A method for beam management, comprising:receiving a first information from the terminal device, wherein the first information indicates one or more areas associated with a location of the terminal device;determining one or more beams, from a plurality of beams of a network device, for communication with the terminal device based on the first information; andcommunicating with the terminal device using at least one of the one or more beams of the network device.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the first information includes any one of:azimuth angle, and / or zenith angle information;plane coordinates and / or spatial coordinates information; orlongitude, latitude, and / or altitude information.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more areas are selected from a plurality of areas, and the plurality of areas are associated with the plurality of beams of the network device.4.The method of claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of areas is associated with one or more of the plurality of beams of the network device.5.The method of claim 3 or 4, further comprising:sending a second information to the terminal device, wherein the second information indicates the plurality of areas.6.The method of any of claims 3-5, wherein the plurality of areas are determined based on a coverage of the plurality of beams of the network device.7.The method of any of claims 3-6, wherein at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by an angular range.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the angular range is indicated by a range of azimuth angle and / or zenith angle.9.The method of any of claims 3-6, wherein at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by a shape and / or an orientation of the shape.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the shape includes one of a circle, a square, an ellipse, or a rectangle, or is approximated as one of a circle, a square, an ellipse, or a rectangle.11.The method of any of claims 3-6, wherein at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by a range defined by a plurality of points that are indicated by plane coordinates or spatial coordinates.12.The method of any of claims 1-11, further comprising:sending a third information to the terminal device, wherein the third information indicates the information that the terminal device is required to report.13.The method of claim 12, wherein the third information further indicates a time or an interval at which the terminal device is required to report the first information.14.The method of any of claims 1-13, wherein the first information is updated and sent to the network device when an area different from the one or more areas is associated with the location of the terminal device.15.The method of any of claims 1-14 further comprising:sending a fourth information to the terminal device, wherein the fourth information indicates an association between the plurality of beams of the terminal device and the plurality of areas.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the association between the plurality of beams of the terminal device and the plurality of areas is obtained by associating angles of the plurality of beams of the terminal device to the plurality of areas.17.A method for beam management, comprising:sending a first information to a network device, wherein the first information indicates one or more areas associated with a location of a terminal device, and the first information is to be used by the network device to determine one or more beams, from a plurality of beams of the network device, for communication with the terminal device; andcommunicating with the network device using at least one of the one or more beams of the network device.18.The method of claim 17, wherein the first information includes any one of:azimuth angle, and / or zenith angle information;plane coordinates and / or spatial coordinates information; orlongitude, latitude, and / or altitude information.19.The method of claim 17 or 18, wherein the one or more areas are selected from a plurality of areas, and the plurality of areas are associated with the plurality of beams of the network device.20.The method of claim 19, wherein each of the plurality of areas is associated with one or more of the plurality of beams of the network device.21.The method of claim 19 or 20, further comprising:receiving a second information from the network device, wherein the second information indicates the plurality of areas.22.The method of any of claims 19-21, wherein the plurality of areas are determined based on a coverage of the plurality of beams of the network device.23.The method of any of claims 19-22, wherein at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by an angular range.24.The method of claim 23, wherein the angular range is indicated by a range of azimuth angle and / or zenith angle.25.The method of any of claims 19-22, wherein at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by a shape and / or an orientation of the shape.26.The method of claim 25, wherein the shape includes one of a circle, a square, an ellipse, or a rectangle, or is approximated as one of a circle, a square, an ellipse, or a rectangle.27.The method of any of claims 19-22, wherein at least one of the plurality of areas is represented by a range defined by a plurality of points that are indicated by plane coordinates or spatial coordinates.28.The method of any of claims 17-27, further comprising:receiving a third information from the network device, wherein the third information indicates first information that the terminal device is required to report.29.The method of claim 28, wherein the third information further indicates a time or an interval at which the terminal device is required to report the first information.30.The method of any of claims 17-29, wherein the first information is updated and sent to the network device when an area different from the one or more areas is associated with the location of the terminal device.31.The method of any of claims 17-30, further comprising:receiving a fourth information from the network device, wherein the fourth information indicates an association between a plurality of beams of the terminal device and the plurality of areas; anddetermining one or more beams, from the plurality of beams, of the terminal device for communication with the network device based on the fourth information.32.The method of claim 31, wherein the association between the plurality of beams of the terminal device and the plurality of areas is obtained by associating angles of the plurality of beams of the terminal device to the plurality of areas.33.An apparatus for beam management, comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory coupled to the at least one processor, the at least one memory storing at least part of instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 16, or claims 17 to 32.34.A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions that, when executed by a processing circuit of a computer, cause the computer to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 16, or claims 17 to 32.35.A computer program product having instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 16, or claims 17 to 32.36.A chip system comprising: a processing circuit and a storage medium, wherein the storage medium has stored thereon computer program instructions that, when executed by the processing circuit cause the chip system to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 16, or claims 17 to 32.
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