Devices and methods for ai / ML based measurement event prediction
AI/ML models on communication devices predict measurement events, addressing network inefficiencies by enabling proactive management of wireless signal quality and network load, thus enhancing communication quality and performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/075794
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-04
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing communication networks face challenges in predicting measurement events related to wireless signal quality and network load, leading to suboptimal network performance and mobility issues.
Implementing AI/ML models on terminal and network devices to predict measurement events, such as cell-level and beam-level measurements, handover failures, and radio link failures, allowing for proactive decision-making and improved network efficiency.
Enhances communication quality and network performance by enabling timely responses to measurement events, improving signal quality and reducing mobility-related failures.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024075794_07082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS FOR AI / ML BASED MEASUREMENT EVENT PREDICTION
[0001] FIELDS
[0002] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices, methods and medium for artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) based measurement event prediction.BACKGROUND
[0003] With the development of AI and ML techniques, various measurements and events in the network may be predicted. By analyzing and forecasting resource management, measurement results, handover (HO) failures, and measurement events, mobility performance and optimize network efficiency may be enhanced.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide devices, methods and medium for AI / ML based measurement event prediction.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a terminal device comprising: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: obtain a set of first prediction results for a first measurement event by using a first set of AI / ML models, a first prediction result corresponding to a time and comprising a predicted possibility that the first measurement event is to be triggered at the corresponding time.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the network device to: receive, from a terminal device, a set of first prediction results for a first measurement event, wherein the set of first prediction results are obtained by using a first set of AI / ML models, a first prediction result corresponding to a time and comprising a predicted possibility that the first measurement event is to be triggered at the corresponding time.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a terminal device. The method comprises: obtaining a set of first prediction results for a first measurement event by using a first set of AI / ML models, a first prediction result corresponding to a time and comprising a predicted possibility that the first measurement event is to be triggered at the corresponding time.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a network device. The method comprises: receiving, from a terminal device, a set of first prediction results for a first measurement event, wherein the set of first prediction results are obtained by using a first set of AI / ML models, a first prediction result corresponding to a time and comprising a predicted possibility that the first measurement event is to be triggered at the corresponding time.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the third, or fourth aspect.
[0010] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0012] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0013] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling flow of predicting measurement events in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0014] FIG. 3 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a terminal device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0015] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0016] FIG. 5 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0017] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0019] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0020] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, devices on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0021] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0022] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0023] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz) , FR2 (e.g., 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz) , frequency band larger than 100 GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0024] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some embodiments, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In some embodiments, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In some embodiments, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In some embodiments, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0025] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0026] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0027] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0028] As used herein, the term “AI / ML model” may refer to a data driven algorithm that applies AI / ML techniques to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs. In the context of the present disclosure, the term “AI / ML model” may be interchangeably with the terms “model” , “AI model” and “ML model” .
[0029] The term “UE-side (AI / ML) model” used herein may refer to an AI / ML Model of which inference is performed entirely at the UE. The term “network-side (AI / ML) model” used herein may refer to an AI / ML Model of which inference is performed entirely at the network. The term “one-sided (AI / ML) model” used herein may refer to a UE-side (AI / ML) model or a network-side (AI / ML) model. The term “two-sided (AI / ML) model” used herein may refer to a paired AI / ML Model (s) over which joint inference is performed, where joint inference comprises AI / ML Inference whose inference is performed jointly across the UE and the network, i.e, the first part of inference is firstly performed by UE and then the remaining part is performed by gNB, or vice versa.
[0030] The term “AI / ML model transfer” used herein may refer to a delivery of an AI / ML model over the air interface, either parameters of a model structure known at the receiving end or a new model with parameters. Delivery may contain a full model or a partial model. The term “model download” used herein may refer to model transfer from the network to UE. The term “model upload” used herein may refer to model transfer from UE to the network. The term “federated learning / federated training” used herein may refer to a machine learning technique that trains an AI / ML model across multiple decentralized edge nodes (e.g., UEs, gNBs) each performing local model training using local data samples. The technique requires multiple interactions of the model, but no exchange of local data samples.
[0031] The term “model activation” used herein may refer to enabling an AI / ML model for a specific function. The term “model deactivation” used herein may refer to disabling an AI / ML model for a specific function. The term “model switching” used herein may refer to deactivating a currently active AI / ML model and activating a different AI / ML model for a specific function.
[0032] As used herein, the term “AI / ML model delivery” may refer to a generic term referring to delivery of an AI / ML model from one entity to another entity in any manner. It is to be noted that an entity could mean a network node / function (e.g., gNB, LMF, etc. ) , UE, proprietary server, etc. The term “model registration” used herein may refer to a process of informing the existence of an AI / ML model to the network or to the UE with an identification, along with model description information of the AI / ML model for the network to enable life cycle management (LCM) .
[0033] The term “model update” as used herein may refer to a process of updating the model parameters and / or model structure of a model. The term “model parameter update” as used herein may refer to a process of updating the model parameters of a model.
[0034] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0035] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the communication environment 100, a plurality of communication devices, including a terminal device 110 and a network device 120, can communicate with each other.
[0036] In the example of FIG. 1, the terminal device 110 may be a UE and the network device 120 may be a base station serving the UE. The serving area of the network device 120 may be called a cell 102.
[0037] It is to be understood that the number of devices and their connections shown in FIG. 1 are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication environment 100 may include any suitable number of devices configured to implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure. Although not shown, it would be appreciated that one or more additional devices may be located in the cell 102, and one or more additional cells may be deployed in the communication environment 100. It is noted that although illustrated as a network device, the network device 120 may be another device than a network device. Although illustrated as a terminal device, the terminal device 110 may be other device than a terminal device.
[0038] In the following, for the purpose of illustration, some example embodiments are described with the terminal device 110 operating as a UE and the network device 120 operating as a base station. However, in some example embodiments, operations described in connection with a terminal device may be implemented at a network device or other device, and operations described in connection with a network device may be implemented at a terminal device or other device.
[0039] In some example embodiments, a link from the network device 120 to the terminal device 110 is referred to as a downlink (DL) , while a link from the terminal device 110 to the network device 120 is referred to as an uplink (UL) . In DL, the network device 120 is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) and the terminal device 110 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) . In UL, the terminal device 110 is a TX device (or a transmitter) and the network device 120 is a RX device (or a receiver) .
[0040] The communications in the communication environment 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0041] In the communication environment 100, an AI / ML model can be applied to different scenarios to achieve better performances.
[0042] In some embodiments, the AI / ML model may be a two-sided model, which comprises a first part for using by the terminal device 110 and a second part for using the network device 120. The first part may be used to generate an intermediate result from an initial result and the second part may be used to generate a reconstructed result from the intermediate result. In the following, the first part may be referred to as a terminal part, UE side part, or UE part, which can be used interchangeably. The second part may be referred to as a network part, network (NW) side part, or NW part, which can be used interchangeably.
[0043] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 can perform AI / ML based RRM measurement and event prediction. For example, cell-level measurement prediction including intra and inter-frequency may be performed using two-sided AI model (i.e., UE side and NW side model) . Inter-cell Beam-level measurement prediction for L3 Mobility may be performed using two-sided AI model. For another example, HO failure / radio link failure (RLF) prediction and measurement events prediction may be performed using UE side model.
[0044] A measurement event refers to an event that occurs in a wireless communication network and is related to measurements. These events are typically associated with aspects such as wireless signal quality, channel conditions, and network load. There are several common measurement events, such as Event A1, Event A2, …, Event A6. The following will describe in detail.
[0045] Event A1, as shown in Table 1, is used to determine whether the signal quality of the current serving cell exceeds a predefined threshold. The entering and leaving conditions may be determined by comparing the measurement result with the threshold value plus or minus the hysteresis value.
[0046] Table 1
[0047] The variables in the formula of Table 1 are defined as follows. Ms is the measurement result of the serving cell, not taking into account any offsets. Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event (i.e., hysteresis as defined within reportConfigNR for this event) . Thresh is the threshold parameter for this event (i.e., a1-Threshold as defined within reportConfigNR for this event) . Ms is expressed in dBm in case of RSRP, or in dB in case of RSRQ and RS-SINR. Hys is expressed in dB. Thresh is expressed in the same unit as Ms.
[0048] Event A2, as shown in Table 2, is used to determine whether the signal quality of the current serving cell falls below a pre-set threshold. The entering and leaving conditions may be determined by comparing the measurement result with the threshold value plus or minus the hysteresis value.
[0049] Table 2
[0050] The variables in the formula of Table 2 are defined as follows. Ms is the measurement result of the serving cell, not taking into account any offsets. Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event (i.e. hysteresis as defined within reportConfigNR for this event) . Thresh is the threshold parameter for this event (i.e., a2-Threshold as defined within reportConfigNR for this event) . Ms is expressed in dBm in case of RSRP, or in dB in case of RSRQ and RS-SINR. Hys is expressed in dB. Thresh is expressed in the same unit as Ms.
[0051] Event A3, as shown in Table 3, is used to determine the offset quality of the neighboring cell signals compared to the serving cell. The entering and leaving conditions may be determined by comparing the combination of the neighboring cell signal measurement results with the neighboring cell frequency offset, neighboring cell clock offset, and hysteresis value, with the combination of the serving cell signal measurement results, serving cell frequency offset, serving cell clock offset, and offset value. This comparison helps to determine the entering and leaving conditions.
[0052] Table 3
[0053] The variables in the formula of Table 3 are defined as follows. Mn is the measurement result of the neighbouring cell, not taking into account any offsets. Ofn is the measurement object specific offset of the reference signal of the neighbour cell (i.e., offsetMO as defined within measObjectNR corresponding to the neighbour cell) . Ocn is the cell specific offset of the neighbour cell (i.e., cellIndividualOffset as defined within measObjectNR corresponding to the frequency of the neighbour cell) and set to zero if not configured for the neighbour cell. Mp is the measurement result of the SpCell, not taking into account any offsets. Ofp is the measurement object specific offset of the SpCell (i.e., offsetMO as defined within measObjectNR corresponding to the SpCell) . Ocp is the cell specific offset of the SpCell (i.e., cellIndividualOffset as defined within measObjectNR corresponding to the SpCell) and is set to zero if not configured for the SpCell. Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event (i.e., hysteresis as defined within reportConfigNR for this event) . Off is the offset parameter for this event (i.e., a3-Offset as defined within reportConfigNR for this event) . Mn, Mp are expressed in dBm in case of RSRP, or in dB in case of RSRQ and RS-SINR. Ofn, Ocn, Ofp, Ocp, Hys, Off are expressed in dB.
[0054] It is noted that the definition of Event A3 also applies to CondEvent A3.
[0055] Event A4, as shown in Table 4, is used to determine the superiority or inferiority of the neighboring cell signals relative to a threshold. The entering and leaving conditions may be determined by comparing the combination of the neighboring cell signal measurement results with the neighboring cell frequency offset, neighboring cell clock offset, and hysteresis value with the threshold. This comparison helps to determine the entering and leaving conditions.
[0056] Table 4
[0057] The variables in the formula of Table 4 are defined as follows. Mn is the measurement result of the neighbouring cell, not taking into account any offsets. Ofn is the measurement object specific offset of the neighbour cell (i.e., offsetMO as defined within measObjectNR corresponding to the neighbour cell) . Ocn is the measurement object specific offset of the neighbour cell (i.e., cellIndividualOffset as defined within measObjectNR corresponding to the neighbour cell) and set to zero if not configured for the neighbour cell. Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event (i.e., hysteresis as defined within reportConfigNR for this event) . Thresh is the threshold parameter for this event (i.e., a4-Threshold as defined within reportConfigNR for this event) . Mn is expressed in dBm in case of RSRP, or in dB in case of RSRQ and RS-SINR. Ofn, Ocn, Hys are expressed in dB. Thresh is expressed in the same unit as Mn. It is noted that the definition of Event A4 also applies to CondEvent A4.
[0058] Event A5, as shown in Table 5, is used to determine the quality of the primary serving cell signal relative to threshold 1, as well as the quality of the neighbor cell signal relative to threshold 2.
[0059] Table 5
[0060] The variables in the formula of Table 5 are defined as follows. Mp is the measurement result of the NR SpCell, not taking into account any offsets. Mn is the measurement result of the neighbouring cell, not taking into account any offsets. Ofn is the measurement object specific offset of the neighbour cell (i.e., offsetMO as defined within measObjectNR corresponding to the neighbour cell) . Ocn is the cell specific offset of the neighbour cell (i.e., cellIndividualOffset as defined within measObjectNR corresponding to the neighbour cell) and set to zero if not configured for the neighbour cell. Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event (i.e., hysteresis as defined within reportConfigNR for this event) . Thresh1 is the threshold parameter for this event (i.e., a5-Threshold1 as defined within reportConfigNR for this event) . Thresh2 is the threshold parameter for this event (i.e., a5-Threshold2 as defined within reportConfigNR for this event) . Mn, Mp are expressed in dBm in case of RSRP, or in dB in case of RSRQ and RS-SINR. Ofn, Ocn, Hys are expressed in dB. Thresh1 is expressed in the same unit as Mp. Thresh2 is expressed in the same unit as Mn. It is noted that the definition of Event A5 also applies to CondEvent A5.
[0061] Event A6, as shown in Table 6, is used to determine when the neighbor cell's signal becomes offset better than the serving cell's signal.
[0062] Table 6
[0063] The variables in the formula of Table 6 are defined as follows. Mn is the measurement result of the neighbouring cell, not taking into account any offsets. Ocn is the cell specific offset of the neighbour cell (i.e., cellIndividualOffset as defined within the associated measObjectNR) , and set to zero if not configured for the neighbour cell. Ms is the measurement result of the serving cell, not taking into account any offsets. Ocs is the cell specific offset of the serving cell (i.e., cellIndividualOffset as defined within the associated measObjectNR) , and is set to zero if not configured for the serving cell. Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event (i.e., hysteresis as defined within reportConfigNR for this event) . Off is the offset parameter for this event (i.e., a6-Offset as defined within reportConfigNR for this event) . Mn, Ms are expressed in dBm in case of RSRP, or in dB in case of RSRQ and RS-SINR. Ocn, Ocs, Hys, Off are expressed in dB.
[0064] AI / ML models can be used to predict whether these measurement events will be triggered in advance. Given that, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for predicting measurement events in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The terminal device obtains a set of first prediction results for a first measurement event by using a first set of AI / ML models. A first prediction result corresponds to a time and comprises a predicted possibility that the first measurement event is to be triggered at the corresponding time. In this way, the terminal device may quickly respond and make intelligent decisions before the occurrence of measurement events related to wireless signal quality, channel conditions, and network load, thereby improving communication quality and network performance.
[0065] Reference is made to FIG. 2, which illustrates a signaling flow 200 of predicting measurement events in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 200 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1, for example, by using the terminal device 110 and the network device 120.
[0066] The terminal device 110 may transmit 202, to the network device 120, capability information related to AI / ML based prediction for measurement events. The network device 120 may receive 204 the capability information.
[0067] In some embodiments, the capability information may comprise correspondence between one or more measurement events and one or more AI / ML models. For example, the correspondence includes how many or which measurement events may be supported by each AI / ML model. For another example, the correspondence includes, for each measurement event, the maximum number of AI / ML model it may be stored for the same measurement event. For further example, the correspondence includes, in total, the maximum number of AI / ML model it may be stored for different measurement event. For further example, the correspondence includes, for each measurement event, the maximum number of AI / ML model it may perform LCM for the same measurement event. For further example, the correspondence includes, in total, the maximum number of AI / ML model it may perform LCM for different measurement events. For further example, the correspondence includes for which measurement event it may apply AI / ML model and perform LCM.
[0068] Alternatively, or in addition, the capability information may comprise information about supporting both AI / ML based measurement reporting and actual measurement (hereinafter also referred to as traditional measurement) reporting. For example, the information includes whether the terminal device 110 may perform AI / ML based measurement report and traditional measurement report for the same measurement event at the same time or within a short duration. For another example, the information includes whether the terminal device 110 may perform AI / ML based measurement report and traditional measurement report for different measurement events at the same time or within a short duration.
[0069] Alternatively, or in addition, the capability information may comprise information about supporting AI / ML based measurement reporting across cells. For example, the information includes whether the terminal device 110 may perform AI / ML based measurement report for cells belong to intra-gNB only. For another example, the information includes whether the terminal device 110 may perform AI / ML based measurement report for cells belong to inter-gNB.
[0070] Alternatively, or in addition, the capability information may comprise information about management of the one or more AI / ML models. For example, the information includes whether the terminal device 110 may perform model delivery / transfer for model of measurement report towards gNB. For another example, the information includes whether the terminal device 110 may receive updated model for measurement report from gNB.
[0071] Alternatively, or in addition, the capability information may comprise information about supporting AI / ML based measurement reporting across bands. For example, the information includes whether the terminal device 110 may perform intra-band AI / ML based measurement report for each measurement event. For another example, the information includes whether the terminal device 110 may perform inter-band AI / ML based measurement report for each measurement event.
[0072] Alternatively, or in addition, the capability information may comprise time information about the AI / ML based prediction. For example, the time information includes, for each measurement event, the maximum number of AI / ML model it may be stored for the same measurement event.
[0073] In some embodiments, the capability information may be transmitted as requesting by the network device 120. For example, if a request for the capability information is received from the network device 120, the terminal device 110 may transmit the capability information to the network device 120. For example, if a ue-CapabilityAIML-RequestList information element (IE) from the network device 120 contains a UE-CapabilityAIML-Request IE with an aiml-Type parameter set to MeaReport, the terminal device 110 transmits the capability information to the network device 120. For another example, if the terminal device 110 supports AI / ML based measurement report and the ue-CapabilityAIML-ContainerList IE contains a UE-CapabilityAIML-Container IE of the type UE-AIML-Capability and with the aiml-Type parameter set to MeaReport, the terminal device 110 transmits the capability information to the network device 120.
[0074] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may autonomously, proactively, and dynamically report AI / ML based capability or assistance information. For example, in response to activation of the AI / ML based prediction for measurement events, the terminal device 110 may transmit the capability information to the network device 120. The capability information may be included within UE Assistance Information.
[0075] Alternatively, or in addition, in response to an update of capability of the terminal device 110 in the AI / ML based prediction for measurement events, the terminal device 110 may transmit the capability information to the network device 120. The capability information may be included within newly defined capability reporting message.
[0076] Reference is now made back to FIG. 2. The network device 120 may transmit 206, to the terminal device 110, a first configuration related to AI / ML based prediction for measurement events. The terminal device 110 may receive 208 the first configuration from the network device 120.
[0077] In some embodiments, the first configuration may comprise availability of AI / ML based measurement reporting for one or more measurement events. For example, the first configuration includes, for each configured measurement event, whether it is allowed for the terminal device 110 to perform AI / ML based measurement report.
[0078] Alternatively, or in addition, the first configuration may comprise the number of AI / ML models available for each measurement event of the one or more measurement events. For example, the first configuration includes, for each configured measurement event, how many AI / ML models are allowed for LCM at the same time.
[0079] Alternatively, or in addition, the first configuration may comprise the number of AI / ML models allowed to be activated for the one or more measurement events. For example, the first configuration includes, how many AI / ML models may be activated at the same time for all configured measurement events. In details, the network device 120 may configure different priority for different AI / ML models with a model granularity or event based granularity, if the potential activated models are more than the maximum configured number, then the terminal device 110 may base on the granularity to de-activated certain AI / ML models.
[0080] Alternatively, or in addition, the first configuration may comprise a time duration within which AI / ML based measurement reporting is to be performed. For example, the first configuration includes model inference duration, which indicates towards the terminal device 110 how long the terminal device 110 may perform AI / ML based measurement reporting. After the duration expired, the terminal device 110 may be fallback to legacy measurement reporting. In details, such model inference duration configuration may include a model inference starting offset and / or a model inference duration timer. The model inference starting offset may indicate when to start model inference, and the model inference duration timer may indicate how long the terminal device 110 may perform AI / ML based measurement reporting.
[0081] In some embodiments, in response to a state change of measurement event prediction for the first measurement event by using the first set of AI / ML models, the terminal device 110 may transmit, to the network device 120, first state information about the measurement event prediction. The state change comprises starting or termination of the measurement event prediction. For example, when the terminal device 110 starts and end models inference of AI / ML based measurement reporting for specific measurement event, the terminal device 110 transmits one Uplink Medium Access Control Control Element (UL MAC CE) to indicate certain information. In some embodiments, the UL MAC CE may be configured with one specific SR configuration, which including one specific SR resource.
[0082] In some embodiments, the first state information comprises at least one of: an identification of the first measurement event, respective identifications of the first set of AI / ML models, an activation indication of the measurement event prediction if the state change comprises starting of the measurement event prediction, or a deactivation indication of the measurement event prediction if the state change comprises termination of the measurement event prediction.
[0083] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may receive, from the network device 120, activation information about measurement event prediction for the first measurement event by using the first set of AI / ML models. For example, the network device 120 may use one DL MAC CE to indicate the activation and duration for certain AI / ML models and transmit the activation information.
[0084] In some embodiments, the activation information comprises at least one of: an identification of the first measurement event, respective identifications of the first set of AI / ML models, an activation indication of the measurement event prediction, or an indication of an activation duration of the measurement event prediction.
[0085] Reference is now made back to FIG. 2. The network device 120 may transmit 210 a second configuration for performance monitoring related to AI / ML based prediction for the first measurement event. The terminal device 110 may receive 212 the second configuration.
[0086] In some embodiments, the second configuration may comprise a first performance threshold for keeping usage of the first set of AI / ML models. For example, the second configuration includes a performance threshold1. After performing model monitoring, for each activated AI / ML model, when the measured performance result may be great than the performance threshold 1, there is no need to perform model update / switch / reselection and the terminal device 110 may continue to use the model in LCM.
[0087] Alternatively, or in addition, the second configuration may comprise a second performance threshold for changing an AI / ML model of the first set of AI / ML models. For example, the second configuration includes a performance threshold 2. After performing model monitoring, for each activated AI / ML model, when the measured performance result is below the performance threshold1 and great than the performance threshold2, and if there is additional AI / ML model for the same measurement event, the terminal device 110 may perform model switch / reselection to the other model, or the terminal device 110 may perform model update for the current using model.
[0088] Alternatively, or in addition, the second configuration may comprise a third performance threshold for terminating AI / ML based prediction for the first measurement event. For example, the second configuration includes a performance threshold 3. After performing model monitoring for the activated AI / ML model, if the measured performance result is below the performance threshold 3, the terminal device 110 may stop performing LCM for the measurement event and fallback to traditional measurement report for the configured measurement event.
[0089] Alternatively, or in addition, the second configuration may comprise a cycle for the performance monitoring. For example, the second configuration includes a model monitoring cycle. The model monitoring cycle may include a model monitoring starting offset and / or a model monitoring duration timer. The Model monitoring starting offset may indicate when to start model monitor. The model monitoring duration timer may indicate the duration in which the terminal device 110 needs to perform model monitoring (before timer expired) .
[0090] Alternatively, or in addition, the second configuration may comprise an entity for executing the performance monitoring. For example, the second configuration includes a model monitoring side, which indicates for the model of the measurement event, whether the model monitoring would be performed (for example, computed) at UE side or network side.
[0091] As an option, such model monitoring related configuration may be configured for measurement event granularity or for UE granularity.
[0092] In some embodiments, in response to a state change of the performance monitoring, the terminal device 110 may transmit, to the network device 120, second state information about the performance monitoring. The state change comprises starting or termination of the performance monitoring. For example, when the terminal device 110 starts and ends model monitoring of AI / ML based measurement reporting for specific measurement event, the terminal device 110 may transmit one UL MAC CE to indicate certain information.
[0093] In some embodiments, the second state information comprises at least one of: an identification of the first measurement event, respective identifications of the first set of AI / ML models, an activation indication of the performance monitoring if the state change comprises starting of the performance monitoring, or a deactivation indication of the measurement event prediction if the state change comprises termination of the performance monitoring.
[0094] As an option, such UL MAC CE may be configured with one specific SR configuration including one specific SR resource.
[0095] Reference is now made back to FIG. 2. The terminal device 110 obtains a set of first prediction results for a first measurement event by using a first set of AI / ML models. A first prediction result corresponds to a time and comprises a predicted possibility that the first measurement event is to be triggered at the corresponding time.
[0096] For the output metric of AI / ML based measurement event, the first prediction result may include some parameters for each measurement event. The following will describe by taking the Event A1 to Event A6.
[0097] In some embodiments, the first prediction result in the set of prediction further comprises at least one of: an indication of the corresponding time, wherein the corresponding time comprises a time instant or a time period, one or more predicted measurement results corresponding to the first measurement event, respective predicted parameter values of one or more parameters for defining a condition for the first measurement event, an identification of a predicted cell to which the first measurement event is to be applied, respective confidence levels of the one or more predicted measurement results, or respective confidence levels of the predicted parameter values.
[0098] For example, for the Event A1, the first prediction result includes expected prior time, e.g., a time point or time duration, which indicates the time or time duration to trigger measurement event A1. The first prediction result further includes predicted Ms, predicted Hys, predicted Thresh and predicted possibility to trigger measurement event A1. Ms is the measurement result of the serving cell, not taking into account any offsets. Hys is the hysteresis parameter for the Event A1. Thresh is the threshold parameter for the Event A1. Alternatively, the possibility may be related to each parameter. One expected prior time may correspond to a set of prediction parameters.
[0099] For the Event A2, the first prediction result includes expected prior time, e.g., a time point or time duration, which indicates the time or time duration to trigger measurement event A2. The first prediction result further includes predicted Ms, predicted Hys, predicted Thresh and predicted possibility to trigger measurement event A2. Ms is the measurement result of the serving cell, not taking into account any offsets. Hys is the hysteresis parameter for the Event A2. Thresh is the threshold parameter for the Event A2. Alternatively, the possibility may be related to each parameter. One expected prior time may correspond to a set of prediction parameters.
[0100] For the Event A3, the first prediction result includes expected prior time, e.g., a time point or time duration, which indicates the time or time duration to trigger measurement event A3. The first prediction result further includes predicted Mn, predicted Ofn, predicted Ocn, predicted Mp, predicted Ofp, predicted Ocp, predicted Hys and predicted Off. Moreover, potential neighbor cell ID of which AI / ML based measurement event can be applied. Mn is the measurement result of the neighbouring cell, not taking into account any offsets. Ofn is the measurement object specific offset of the reference signal of the neighbour cell. Ocn is the cell specific offset of the neighbour cell and set to zero if not configured for the neighbour cell. Mp is the measurement result of the SpCell, not taking into account any offsets. Ofp is the measurement object specific offset of the SpCell. Ocp is the cell specific offset of the SpCell and is set to zero if not configured for the SpCell. Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event. Off is the offset parameter for this event. Alternatively, the possibility may be related to each parameter. One expected prior time may correspond to a set of prediction parameters.
[0101] For the Event A4, the first prediction result includes expected prior time, e.g., a time point or time duration, which indicates the time or time duration to trigger measurement event A4. The first prediction result further includes predicted Mn, predicted Ofn, predicted Ocn, predicted Hys and predicted Off. Mn is the measurement result of the neighbouring cell, not taking into account any offsets. Ofn is the measurement object specific offset of the neighbour cell. Ocn is the measurement object specific offset of the neighbour cell and set to zero if not configured for the neighbour cell. Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event. Thresh is the threshold parameter for this event. Moreover, potential cell ID of which AI / ML based measurement event can be applied. Alternatively, the possibility may be related to each parameter. One expected prior time may correspond to a set of prediction parameters.
[0102] For the Event A5, the first prediction result includes expected prior time, e.g., a time point or time duration, which indicates the time or time duration to trigger measurement event A5. The first prediction result further includes predicted Mp, predicted Mn, predicted Ofn, predicted Ocn, predicted Hys, predicted Thresh1 and predicted Thresh2. Mp is the measurement result of the NR SpCell, not taking into account any offsets. Mn is the measurement result of the neighbouring cell, not taking into account any offsets. Ofn is the measurement object specific offset of the neighbour cell. Ocn is the cell specific offset of the neighbour cell and set to zero if not configured for the neighbour cell. Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event. Thresh1 is the threshold parameter for this event. Thresh2 is the threshold parameter for this event. Moreover, potential cell ID of which AI / ML based measurement event can be applied. Alternatively, the possibility may be related to each parameter. One expected prior time may correspond to a set of prediction parameters.
[0103] For the Event A6, the first prediction result includes expected prior time, e.g., a time point or time duration, which indicates the time or time duration to trigger measurement event A6. The first prediction result further includes predicted Mn, predicted Ms, predicted Ocn, predicted Ocs, predicted Hys, and predicted Off. Mn is the measurement result of the neighbouring cell, not taking into account any offsets. Ocn is the cell specific offset of the neighbour cell and set to zero if not configured for the neighbour cell. Ms is the measurement result of the serving cell, not taking into account any offsets. Ocs is the cell specific offset of the serving cell and is set to zero if not configured for the serving cell. Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event. Off is the offset parameter for this event. Moreover, potential cell ID of which AI / ML based measurement event can be applied. Alternatively, the possibility may be related to each parameter. One expected prior time may correspond to a set of prediction parameters.
[0104] For each measurement event, the set of prediction results may be constructed as a table. A prediction result in the set of prediction results may constructed as an entry in the table, for example, a row in the table.
[0105] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may obtain a set of second prediction results for a second measurement result by using a second set of AI / ML model. A second prediction result corresponding to a time and comprising a predicted possibility that the second measurement event is to be triggered at the corresponding time. That is, in a case of one model and a plurality of measurement events, multiple tables can be constructed, and each table is corresponding to one measurement event.
[0106] In some embodiments, the set of first prediction results and the set of second prediction results are obtained by using a common AI / ML model. Further, the terminal device 110 may generate a report for the common AI / ML model comprising the set of first prediction results and the set of second prediction results. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the terminal device 110 may transmit 216 the report to the network device 120.
[0107] In some embodiments, in response to that the set of first prediction results are obtained within a first duration of a first timer for AI / ML based measurement reporting, the terminal device 110 may transmit the set of first prediction results to the network device 120. For example, if the terminal device 110 is activated to apply AI / ML model inference for the corresponding measurement event, the terminal device 110 may trigger a configured timer, within the timer duration. If the terminal device 110 is triggered for the AI / ML based measurement reporting, it may stop the timer and perform measurement reporting.
[0108] In some embodiments, in response to a failure in obtaining a further set of first prediction results within a second duration of the first timer, the terminal device 110 may transmit, to the network device 120, a failure indication for the AI / ML based measurement reporting. For example, if the terminal device 110 does not perform AI / ML based measurement reporting until the timer expired, it may report an AI / ML based measurement reporting failure towards network.
[0109] In some embodiments, in response to that an actual measurement result for the first measurement event is obtained within a third duration of the first timer, the terminal device 110 may transmit, to the network device 120, a failure indication for the AI / ML based measurement reporting. For example, if the terminal device 110 does not perform AI / ML based measurement reporting while performing traditional measurement reporting, it may report the traditional measurement event and stop the configured timer. Meanwhile, the terminal device 110 may report a measurement report failure indication towards the network device 120, to indicate an AI / ML based measurement report failure.
[0110] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine whether the predicted possibility exceeds a possibility threshold. Further, in accordance with a determination that the predicted possibility exceeds the possibility threshold, the terminal device 110 may transmit the set of first prediction result to the network device120. For example, the network device 120 may configure a possibility threshold towards the terminal device 110. If based on the AI / ML based measurement, the predicted possibility mentioned above is below the configured possibility threshold, the terminal device 110 may report both AI / ML based measurement and traditional measurement.
[0111] In some embodiments, if the predicted possibility is below the possibility threshold, the terminal device 110 may transmit, to the network device 120, the set of first prediction results and an actual measurement result for the first measurement event.
[0112] In some embodiments, in response to obtaining the set of first prediction results, the terminal device 110 may start a second timer for actual measurement reporting. A valid length of the second timer is related to the time. Alternatively, in response to that the actual measurement result is transmitted after expiration of the second timer, the terminal device 110 may transmit, to the network device 120, a failure indication for AI / ML based measurement reporting. For example, the terminal device 110 may be configured with a timer, of which the duration is the predicted prior timer plus an offset. After the terminal device 110 triggers the AI / ML based measurement report, it may start the timer. When the terminal device 110 triggers the traditional measurement report, it may stop the timer. If the terminal device 110 does not trigger the traditional measurement report until the configured timer expired, then it may indicate an AI / ML based measurement report failure towards network.
[0113] As an option, if the predicted possibility is great than the configured possibility threshold, the terminal device 110 may report only AI / ML based measurement.
[0114] Last but not least, the example embodiments of the present disclosure implement UE capability reporting related to AI / ML for measurement events. The network may configure AI / ML related configuration for each measurement event for the UE. Furthermore, AI / ML based measurement reporting output metric and procedure are provided. In this way, the UE may quickly respond and make intelligent decisions before the occurrence of measurement events related to wireless signal quality, channel conditions, and network load, thereby improving communication quality and network performance.
[0115] FIG. 3 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 300 implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 300 will be described from the perspective of the terminal device 110 in FIG. 1.
[0116] At block 310, the terminal device 110 obtains a set of first prediction results for a first measurement event by using a first set of AI / ML models. A first prediction result corresponding to a time and comprising a predicted possibility that the first measurement event is to be triggered at the corresponding time.
[0117] In some example embodiments, the first prediction result in the set of prediction further comprises at least one of: an indication of the corresponding time, wherein the corresponding time comprises a time instant or a time period, one or more predicted measurement results corresponding to the first measurement event, respective predicted parameter values of one or more parameters for defining a condition for the first measurement event, an identification of a predicted cell to which the first measurement event is to be applied, respective confidence levels of the one or more predicted measurement results, or respective confidence levels of the predicted parameter values.
[0118] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 obtains a set of second prediction results for a second measurement result by using a second set of AI / ML model, a second prediction result corresponding to a time and comprising a predicted possibility that the second measurement event is to be triggered at the corresponding time.
[0119] In some example embodiments, the set of first prediction results and the set of second prediction results are obtained by using a common AI / ML model, and the terminal device 110 generates a report for the common AI / ML model comprising the set of first prediction results and the set of second prediction results.
[0120] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 in response to that the set of first prediction results are obtained within a first duration of a first timer for AI / ML based measurement reporting, transmits the set of first prediction results to the network device 120.
[0121] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 in response to a failure in obtaining a further set of first prediction results within a second duration of the first timer, transmits, to the network device 120, a failure indication for the AI / ML based measurement reporting.
[0122] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 in response to that an actual measurement result for the first measurement event is obtained within a third duration of the first timer, transmits, to the network device 120, a failure indication for the AI / ML based measurement reporting.
[0123] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 determines whether the predicted possibility exceeds a possibility threshold; and in accordance with a determination that the predicted possibility exceeds the possibility threshold, transmit the set of first prediction result to the network device 120.
[0124] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 in accordance with a determination that the predicted possibility is below the possibility threshold, transmits, to the network device 120, the set of first prediction results and an actual measurement result for the first measurement event.
[0125] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 in response to obtaining the set of first prediction results, starts a second timer for actual measurement reporting, a valid length of the second timer being related to the time; and in response to that the actual measurement result is transmitted after expiration of the second timer, transmits, to the network device 120, a failure indication for AI / ML based measurement reporting.
[0126] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 transmits, to the network device 120, capability information related to AI / ML based prediction for measurement events, wherein the capability information comprises at least one of: correspondence between one or more measurement events and one or more AI / ML models, information about supporting both AI / ML based measurement reporting and actual measurement reporting, information about supporting AI / ML based measurement reporting across cells, information about management of the one or more AI / ML models, information about supporting AI / ML based measurement reporting across bands, or time information about the AI / ML based prediction.
[0127] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 transmits the capability information to the network device 120 in response to at least one of: a request for the capability information from the network device 120, activation of the AI / ML based prediction for measurement events, or an update of capability of the terminal device 110 in the AI / ML based prediction for measurement events.
[0128] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 receives, from the network device 120, a first configuration related to AI / ML based prediction for measurement events, wherein the first configuration comprises at least one of: availability of AI / ML based measurement reporting for one or more measurement events, the number of AI / ML models available for each measurement event of the one or more measurement events, the number of AI / ML models allowed to be activated for the one or more measurement events, or a time duration within which AI / ML based measurement reporting is to be performed.
[0129] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 in response to a state change of measurement event prediction for the first measurement event by using the first set of AI / ML models, transmits, to the network device 120, first state information about the measurement event prediction, wherein the state change comprises starting or termination of the measurement event prediction.
[0130] In some example embodiments, the first state information comprises at least one of: an identification of the first measurement event, respective identifications of the first set of AI / ML models, an activation indication of the measurement event prediction if the state change comprises starting of the measurement event prediction, or a deactivation indication of the measurement event prediction if the state change comprises termination of the measurement event prediction.
[0131] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 receives, from the network device 120, activation information about measurement event prediction for the first measurement event by using the first set of AI / ML models.
[0132] In some example embodiments, the activation information comprises at least one of: an identification of the first measurement event, respective identifications of the first set of AI / ML models, an activation indication of the measurement event prediction, or an indication of an activation duration of the measurement event prediction.
[0133] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 receives, from the network device 120, a second configuration for performance monitoring related to AI / ML based prediction for the first measurement event.
[0134] In some example embodiments, the second configuration comprises at least one of: a first performance threshold for keeping usage of the first set of AI / ML models, a second performance threshold for changing an AI / ML model of the first set of AI / ML models, a third performance threshold for terminating AI / ML based prediction for the first measurement event, a cycle for the performance monitoring, or an entity for executing the performance monitoring.
[0135] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 in response to a state change of the performance monitoring, transmits, to the network device 120, second state information about the performance monitoring, wherein the state change comprises starting or termination of the performance monitoring.
[0136] In some example embodiments, the second state information comprises at least one of: an identification of the first measurement event, respective identifications of the first set of AI / ML models, an activation indication of the performance monitoring if the state change comprises starting of the performance monitoring, or a deactivation indication of the measurement event prediction if the state change comprises termination of the performance monitoring.
[0137] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 400 implemented at a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 400 will be described from the perspective of the network device 120 in FIG. 1.
[0138] At block 410, the network device 120 receives, from a terminal device 110, a set of first prediction results for a first measurement event, wherein the set of first prediction results are obtained by using a first set of AI / ML models, a first prediction result corresponding to a time and comprising a predicted possibility that the first measurement event is to be triggered at the corresponding time.
[0139] In some example embodiments, the first prediction result further comprises at least one of: an indication of the corresponding time, wherein the corresponding time comprises a time instant or a time period, one or more predicted measurement results corresponding to the first measurement event, respective predicted parameter values of one or more parameters for defining a condition for the first measurement event, an identification of a predicted cell to which the first measurement event is to be applied, or respective confidence levels of the one or more predicted measurement results, or respective confidence levels of the predicted parameter values.
[0140] In some example embodiments, the network device 120 receives, from the terminal device 110, a set of second prediction results for a second measurement result, a second prediction result corresponding to a time and comprising a predicted possibility that the second measurement event is to be triggered at the corresponding time.
[0141] In some example embodiments, the set of first prediction results and the set of second prediction results are obtained by using a common AI / ML model.
[0142] In some example embodiments, the set of first prediction results are obtained within a first duration of a first timer for AI / ML based measurement reporting.
[0143] In some example embodiments, the network device 120 receives, from the terminal device 110, a failure indication for the AI / ML based measurement reporting, the failure indication indicating a failure in obtaining a further set of first prediction results within a second duration of the first timer.
[0144] In some example embodiments, the network device 120 receives, from the terminal device 110, a failure indication for the AI / ML based measurement reporting, the failure indication indicating that an actual measurement result for the first measurement event is obtained within a third duration of the first timer.
[0145] In some example embodiments, the predicted possibility exceeds the possibility threshold.
[0146] In some example embodiments, the network device 120 receives, from the terminal device 110, the set of first prediction results and an actual measurement result for the first measurement event, wherein the predicted possibility is below the possibility threshold.
[0147] In some example embodiments, the actual measurement result is received after expiration of a second timer, a valid length of the second timer is related to the time, and the network device 120 receives, from the terminal device 110, a failure indication for AI / ML based measurement reporting.
[0148] In some example embodiments, the network device 120 receives, from the terminal device 110, capability information related to AI / ML based prediction for measurement events, wherein the capability information comprises at least one of: correspondence between one or more measurement events and one or more AI / ML models, information about supporting both AI / ML based measurement reporting and actual measurement reporting, information about supporting AI / ML based measurement reporting across cells, information about management of the one or more AI / ML models, information about supporting AI / ML based measurement reporting across bands, or time information about the AI / ML based prediction.
[0149] In some example embodiments, the network device 120 transmits, to the terminal device 110, a first configuration related to AI / ML based prediction for measurement events, wherein the first configuration comprises at least one of: availability of AI / ML based measurement reporting for one or more measurement events, the number of AI / ML models available for each measurement event of the one or more measurement events, the number of AI / ML models allowed to be activated for the one or more measurement events, or a time duration within which AI / ML based measurement reporting is to be performed.
[0150] In some example embodiments, the network device 120 receives, from the terminal device 110, first state information about the first measurement event prediction, the first state information indicating a state change of measurement event prediction for the first measurement event by using the first set of AI / ML models and the state change comprising starting or termination of the measurement event prediction.
[0151] In some example embodiments, the first state information comprises at least one of: an identification of the first measurement event, respective identifications of the first set of AI / ML models, an activation indication of the measurement event prediction if the state change comprises starting of the measurement event prediction, or a deactivation indication of the measurement event prediction if the state change comprises termination of the measurement event prediction.
[0152] In some example embodiments, the network device 120 transmits, to the terminal device 110, activation information about measurement event prediction for the first measurement event by using the first set of AI / ML models.
[0153] In some example embodiments, the activation information comprises at least one of: an identification of the first measurement event, respective identifications of the first set of AI / ML models, an activation indication of the measurement event prediction, or an indication of an activation duration of the measurement event prediction.
[0154] In some example embodiments, the network device 120 transmits, to the terminal device 110, a second configuration for performance monitoring related to AI / ML based prediction for the first measurement event.
[0155] In some example embodiments, the second configuration comprises at least one of: a first performance threshold for keeping usage of the first set of AI / ML models, a second performance threshold for changing an AI / ML model of the first set of AI / ML models, a third performance threshold for terminating AI / ML based prediction for the first measurement event, a cycle for the performance monitoring, or an entity for executing the performance monitoring.
[0156] In some example embodiments, the network device 120 in response to a state change of the performance monitoring, receives, from the terminal device 110, second state information about the performance monitoring, the second state information indicating a state change of the performance monitoring and the state change comprising starting or termination of the performance monitoring.
[0157] In some example embodiments, the second state information comprises at least one of: an identification of the first measurement event, respective identifications of the first set of AI / ML models, an activation indication of the performance monitoring if the state change comprises starting of the performance monitoring, or a deactivation indication of the measurement event prediction if the state change comprises termination of the performance monitoring.
[0158] FIG. 5 is a simplified block diagram of a device 500 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 500 can be considered as a further example implementation of any of the devices as shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the device 500 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the terminal device 110 or the network device 120.
[0159] As shown, the device 500 includes a processor 510, a memory 520 coupled to the processor 510, a suitable transceiver 540 coupled to the processor 510, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 540. The memory 520 stores at least a part of a program 530. The transceiver 540 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 540 may include at least one of a transmitter 542 and a receiver 544. The transmitter 542 and the receiver 544 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 540 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0160] The program 530 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 510, enable the device 500 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 510 of the device 500, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 510 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 510 and memory 520 may form processing means 550 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0161] The memory 520 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 520 is shown in the device 500, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 500. The processor 510 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 500 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0162] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: obtain a set of first prediction results for a first measurement event by using a first set of AI / ML models, a first prediction result corresponding to a time and comprising a predicted possibility that the first measurement event is to be triggered at the corresponding time. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the terminal device as discussed above.
[0163] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a network device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a terminal device, a set of first prediction results for a first measurement event, wherein the set of first prediction results are obtained by using a first set of AI / ML models, a first prediction result corresponding to a time and comprising a predicted possibility that the first measurement event is to be triggered at the corresponding time. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the network device as discussed above.
[0164] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0165] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal apparatus is provided. The terminal apparatus comprises means for obtaining a set of first prediction results for a first measurement event by using a first set of AI / ML models, a first prediction result corresponding to a time and comprising a predicted possibility that the first measurement event is to be triggered at the corresponding time. In some embodiments, the first apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 300. In some example embodiments, the first apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 300. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0166] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a network apparatus is provided. The network apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a terminal device, a set of first prediction results for a first measurement event, wherein the set of first prediction results are obtained by using a first set of AI / ML models, a first prediction result corresponding to a time and comprising a predicted possibility that the first measurement event is to be triggered at the corresponding time. In some embodiments, the second apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 400. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 400. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0167] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.
[0168] In an aspect, it is proposed a terminal device comprises a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: obtain a set of first prediction results for a first measurement event by using a first set of AI / ML models, a first prediction result corresponding to a time and comprising a predicted possibility that the first measurement event is to be triggered at the corresponding time.
[0169] In some embodiments, the first prediction result in the set of prediction further comprises at least one of: an indication of the corresponding time, wherein the corresponding time comprises a time instant or a time period, one or more predicted measurement results corresponding to the first measurement event, respective predicted parameter values of one or more parameters for defining a condition for the first measurement event, an identification of a predicted cell to which the first measurement event is to be applied, respective confidence levels of the one or more predicted measurement results, or respective confidence levels of the predicted parameter values.
[0170] In some embodiments, the terminal device is further caused to: obtain a set of second prediction results for a second measurement result by using a second set of AI / ML model, a second prediction result corresponding to a time and comprising a predicted possibility that the second measurement event is to be triggered at the corresponding time.
[0171] In some embodiments, the set of first prediction results and the set of second prediction results are obtained by using a common AI / ML model, and the terminal device is further cause to: generate a report for the common AI / ML model comprising the set of first prediction results and the set of second prediction results.
[0172] In some embodiments, the terminal device is further caused to: in response to that the set of first prediction results are obtained within a first duration of a first timer for AI / ML based measurement reporting, transmit the set of first prediction results to the network device.
[0173] In some embodiments, the terminal device is further caused to: in response to a failure in obtaining a further set of first prediction results within a second duration of the first timer, transmit, to the network device, a failure indication for the AI / ML based measurement reporting.
[0174] In some embodiments, the terminal device is further caused to: in response to that an actual measurement result for the first measurement event is obtained within a third duration of the first timer, transmit, to the network device, a failure indication for the AI / ML based measurement reporting.
[0175] In some embodiments, the terminal device is caused to: determine whether the predicted possibility exceeds a possibility threshold; and in accordance with a determination that the predicted possibility exceeds the possibility threshold, transmit the set of first prediction result to the network device.
[0176] In some embodiments, the terminal device is further caused to: in accordance with a determination that the predicted possibility is below the possibility threshold, transmit, to the network device, the set of first prediction results and an actual measurement result for the first measurement event.
[0177] In some embodiments, the terminal device is further caused to: in response to obtaining the set of first prediction results, start a second timer for actual measurement reporting, a valid length of the second timer being related to the time; and in response to that the actual measurement result is transmitted after expiration of the second timer, transmit, to the network device, a failure indication for AI / ML based measurement reporting.
[0178] In some embodiments, the terminal device is further caused to: transmit, to the network device, capability information related to AI / ML based prediction for measurement events, wherein the capability information comprises at least one of: correspondence between one or more measurement events and one or more AI / ML models, information about supporting both AI / ML based measurement reporting and actual measurement reporting, information about supporting AI / ML based measurement reporting across cells, information about management of the one or more AI / ML models, information about supporting AI / ML based measurement reporting across bands, or time information about the AI / ML based prediction.
[0179] In some embodiments, the terminal device is caused to: transmit the capability information to the network device in response to at least one of: a request for the capability information from the network device, activation of the AI / ML based prediction for measurement events, or an update of capability of the terminal device in the AI / ML based prediction for measurement events.
[0180] In some embodiments, the terminal device is further caused to: receive, from the network device, a first configuration related to AI / ML based prediction for measurement events, wherein the first configuration comprises at least one of: availability of AI / ML based measurement reporting for one or more measurement events, the number of AI / ML models available for each measurement event of the one or more measurement events, the number of AI / ML models allowed to be activated for the one or more measurement events, or a time duration within which AI / ML based measurement reporting is to be performed.
[0181] In some embodiments, the terminal device is further caused to: in response to a state change of measurement event prediction for the first measurement event by using the first set of AI / ML models, transmit, to the network device, first state information about the measurement event prediction, wherein the state change comprises starting or termination of the measurement event prediction.
[0182] In some embodiments, the first state information comprises at least one of: an identification of the first measurement event, respective identifications of the first set of AI / ML models, an activation indication of the measurement event prediction if the state change comprises starting of the measurement event prediction, or a deactivation indication of the measurement event prediction if the state change comprises termination of the measurement event prediction.
[0183] In some embodiments, the terminal device is further caused to: receive, from the network device, activation information about measurement event prediction for the first measurement event by using the first set of AI / ML models.
[0184] In some embodiments, the activation information comprises at least one of: an identification of the first measurement event, respective identifications of the first set of AI / ML models, an activation indication of the measurement event prediction, or an indication of an activation duration of the measurement event prediction.
[0185] In some embodiments, the terminal device is further caused to: receive, from the network device, a second configuration for performance monitoring related to AI / ML based prediction for the first measurement event.
[0186] In some embodiments, the second configuration comprises at least one of: a first performance threshold for keeping usage of the first set of AI / ML models, a second performance threshold for changing an AI / ML model of the first set of AI / ML models, a third performance threshold for terminating AI / ML based prediction for the first measurement event, a cycle for the performance monitoring, or an entity for executing the performance monitoring.
[0187] In some embodiments, the terminal device is further caused to: in response to a state change of the performance monitoring, transmit, to the network device, second state information about the performance monitoring, wherein the state change comprises starting or termination of the performance monitoring.
[0188] In some embodiments, the second state information comprises at least one of: an identification of the first measurement event, respective identifications of the first set of AI / ML models, an activation indication of the performance monitoring if the state change comprises starting of the performance monitoring, or a deactivation indication of the measurement event prediction if the state change comprises termination of the performance monitoring.
[0189] In an aspect, it is proposed a network device comprises a processor configured to cause the network device to: receive, from a terminal device, a set of first prediction results for a first measurement event, wherein the set of first prediction results are obtained by using a first set of AI / ML models, a first prediction result corresponding to a time and comprising a predicted possibility that the first measurement event is to be triggered at the corresponding time.
[0190] In some embodiments, the first prediction result further comprises at least one of: an indication of the corresponding time, wherein the corresponding time comprises a time instant or a time period, one or more predicted measurement results corresponding to the first measurement event, respective predicted parameter values of one or more parameters for defining a condition for the first measurement event, an identification of a predicted cell to which the first measurement event is to be applied, or respective confidence levels of the one or more predicted measurement results, or respective confidence levels of the predicted parameter values.
[0191] In some embodiments, the network device is further caused to: receive, from the terminal device, a set of second prediction results for a second measurement result, a second prediction result corresponding to a time and comprising a predicted possibility that the second measurement event is to be triggered at the corresponding time.
[0192] In some embodiments, the set of first prediction results and the set of second prediction results are obtained by using a common AI / ML model.
[0193] In some embodiments, the set of first prediction results are obtained within a first duration of a first timer for AI / ML based measurement reporting.
[0194] In some embodiments, the network device is further caused to: receive, from the terminal device, a failure indication for the AI / ML based measurement reporting, the failure indication indicating a failure in obtaining a further set of first prediction results within a second duration of the first timer.
[0195] In some embodiments, the network device is further caused to: receive, from the terminal device, a failure indication for the AI / ML based measurement reporting, the failure indication indicating that an actual measurement result for the first measurement event is obtained within a third duration of the first timer.
[0196] In some embodiments, the predicted possibility exceeds the possibility threshold.
[0197] In some embodiments, the network device is further caused to: receive, from the terminal device, the set of first prediction results and an actual measurement result for the first measurement event, wherein the predicted possibility is below the possibility threshold.
[0198] In some embodiments, the actual measurement result is received after expiration of a second timer, a valid length of the second timer is related to the time, and the network device is further caused to: receive, from the terminal device, a failure indication for AI / ML based measurement reporting.
[0199] In some embodiments, the network device is further caused to: receive, from the terminal device, capability information related to AI / ML based prediction for measurement events, wherein the capability information comprises at least one of: correspondence between one or more measurement events and one or more AI / ML models, information about supporting both AI / ML based measurement reporting and actual measurement reporting, information about supporting AI / ML based measurement reporting across cells, information about management of the one or more AI / ML models, information about supporting AI / ML based measurement reporting across bands, or time information about the AI / ML based prediction.
[0200] In some embodiments, the network device is further caused to: transmit, to the terminal device, a first configuration related to AI / ML based prediction for measurement events, wherein the first configuration comprises at least one of: availability of AI / ML based measurement reporting for one or more measurement events, the number of AI / ML models available for each measurement event of the one or more measurement events, the number of AI / ML models allowed to be activated for the one or more measurement events, or a time duration within which AI / ML based measurement reporting is to be performed.
[0201] In some embodiments, the network device is further caused to: receive, from the terminal device, first state information about the first measurement event prediction, the first state information indicating a state change of measurement event prediction for the first measurement event by using the first set of AI / ML models and the state change comprising starting or termination of the measurement event prediction.
[0202] In some embodiments, the first state information comprises at least one of: an identification of the first measurement event, respective identifications of the first set of AI / ML models, an activation indication of the measurement event prediction if the state change comprises starting of the measurement event prediction, or a deactivation indication of the measurement event prediction if the state change comprises termination of the measurement event prediction.
[0203] In some embodiments, the network device is further caused to: transmit, to the terminal device, activation information about measurement event prediction for the first measurement event by using the first set of AI / ML models.
[0204] In some embodiments, the activation information comprises at least one of: an identification of the first measurement event, respective identifications of the first set of AI / ML models, an activation indication of the measurement event prediction, or an indication of an activation duration of the measurement event prediction.
[0205] In some embodiments, the network device is further caused to: transmit, to the terminal device, a second configuration for performance monitoring related to AI / ML based prediction for the first measurement event.
[0206] In some embodiments, the second configuration comprises at least one of: a first performance threshold for keeping usage of the first set of AI / ML models, a second performance threshold for changing an AI / ML model of the first set of AI / ML models, a third performance threshold for terminating AI / ML based prediction for the first measurement event, a cycle for the performance monitoring, or an entity for executing the performance monitoring.
[0207] In some embodiments, the network device is further caused to: in response to a state change of the performance monitoring, receive, from the terminal device, second state information about the performance monitoring, the second state information indicating a state change of the performance monitoring and the state change comprising starting or termination of the performance monitoring.
[0208] In some embodiments, the second state information comprises at least one of: an identification of the first measurement event, respective identifications of the first set of AI / ML models, an activation indication of the performance monitoring if the state change comprises starting of the performance monitoring, or a deactivation indication of the measurement event prediction if the state change comprises termination of the performance monitoring.
[0209] In an aspect, a terminal device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
[0210] In an aspect, a network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
[0211] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
[0212] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
[0213] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
[0214] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
[0215] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0216] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0217] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0218] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0219] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0220] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A terminal device comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:obtain a set of first prediction results for a first measurement event by using a first set of Artificial Intelligence / Machine learning (AI / ML) models, a first prediction result corresponding to a time and comprising a predicted possibility that the first measurement event is to be triggered at the corresponding time.2.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the first prediction result in the set of prediction further comprises at least one of:an indication of the corresponding time, wherein the corresponding time comprises a time instant or a time period,one or more predicted measurement results corresponding to the first measurement event,respective predicted parameter values of one or more parameters for defining a condition for the first measurement event,an identification of a predicted cell to which the first measurement event is to be applied,respective confidence levels of the one or more predicted measurement results, orrespective confidence levels of the predicted parameter values.3.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in response to that the set of first prediction results are obtained within a first duration of a first timer for AI / ML based measurement reporting, transmit the set of first prediction results to the network device.4.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in response to obtaining the set of first prediction results, start a second timer for actual measurement reporting, a valid length of the second timer being related to the time;determine whether the predicted possibility exceeds a possibility threshold;in accordance with a determination that the predicted possibility is below the possibility threshold, transmit, to the network device, the set of first prediction results and an actual measurement result for the first measurement event; andin response to that the actual measurement result is transmitted after expiration of the second timer, transmit, to the network device, a failure indication for AI / ML based measurement reporting.5.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:transmit, to the network device, capability information related to AI / ML based prediction for measurement events, wherein the capability information comprises at least one of:correspondence between one or more measurement events and one or more AI / ML models,information about supporting both AI / ML based measurement reporting and actual measurement reporting,information about supporting AI / ML based measurement reporting across cells,information about management of the one or more AI / ML models,information about supporting AI / ML based measurement reporting across bands, ortime information about the AI / ML based prediction.6.The terminal device of claim 5, wherein the terminal device is caused to:transmit the capability information to the network device in response to at least one of:a request for the capability information from the network device,activation of the AI / ML based prediction for measurement events, oran update of capability of the terminal device in the AI / ML based prediction for measurement events.7.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:receive, from the network device, a first configuration related to AI / ML based prediction for measurement events, wherein the first configuration comprises at least one of:availability of AI / ML based measurement reporting for one or more measurement events,the number of AI / ML models available for each measurement event of the one or more measurement events,the number of AI / ML models allowed to be activated for the one or more measurement events, ora time duration within which AI / ML based measurement reporting is to be performed.8.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in response to a state change of measurement event prediction for the first measurement event by using the first set of AI / ML models, transmit, to the network device, first state information about the measurement event prediction, wherein the state change comprises starting or termination of the measurement event prediction.9.The terminal device of claim 8, wherein the first state information comprises at least one of:an identification of the first measurement event,respective identifications of the first set of AI / ML models,an activation indication of the measurement event prediction if the state change comprises starting of the measurement event prediction, ora deactivation indication of the measurement event prediction if the state change comprises termination of the measurement event prediction.10.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:receive, from the network device, a second configuration for performance monitoring related to AI / ML based prediction for the first measurement event, and the second configuration comprises at least one of:a first performance threshold for keeping usage of the first set of AI / ML models,a second performance threshold for changing an AI / ML model of the first set of AI / ML models,a third performance threshold for terminating AI / ML based prediction for the first measurement event,a cycle for the performance monitoring, oran entity for executing the performance monitoring.11.The terminal device of claim 10, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in response to a state change of the performance monitoring, transmit, to the network device, second state information about the performance monitoring, wherein the state change comprises starting or termination of the performance monitoring.12.The terminal device of claim 11, wherein the second state information comprises at least one of:an identification of the first measurement event,respective identifications of the first set of AI / ML models,an activation indication of the performance monitoring if the state change comprises starting of the performance monitoring, ora deactivation indication of the measurement event prediction if the state change comprises termination of the performance monitoring.13.A network device comprising:a processor configured to cause the network device to:receive, from a terminal device, a set of first prediction results for a first measurement event, wherein the set of first prediction results are obtained by using a first set of AI / ML models, a first prediction result corresponding to a time and comprising a predicted possibility that the first measurement event is to be triggered at the corresponding time.14.The network device of claim 13, wherein the first prediction result further comprises at least one of:an indication of the corresponding time, wherein the corresponding time comprises a time instant or a time period,one or more predicted measurement results corresponding to the first measurement event,respective predicted parameter values of one or more parameters for defining a condition for the first measurement event,an identification of a predicted cell to which the first measurement event is to be applied, orrespective confidence levels of the one or more predicted measurement results, orrespective confidence levels of the predicted parameter values.15.The network device of claim 13, wherein the network device is further caused to:receive, from the terminal device, capability information related to AI / ML based prediction for measurement events, wherein the capability information comprises at least one of:correspondence between one or more measurement events and one or more AI / ML models,information about supporting both AI / ML based measurement reporting and actual measurement reporting,information about supporting AI / ML based measurement reporting across cells,information about management of the one or more AI / ML models,information about supporting AI / ML based measurement reporting across bands, ortime information about the AI / ML based prediction.16.The network device of claim 13, wherein the network device is further caused to:transmit, to the terminal device, a first configuration related to AI / ML based prediction for measurement events, wherein the first configuration comprises at least one of:availability of AI / ML based measurement reporting for one or more measurement events,the number of AI / ML models available for each measurement event of the one or more measurement events,the number of AI / ML models allowed to be activated for the one or more measurement events, ora time duration within which AI / ML based measurement reporting is to be performed.17.The network device of claim 13, wherein the network device is further caused to:receive, from the terminal device, first state information about the first measurement event prediction, the first state information indicating a state change of measurement event prediction for the first measurement event by using the first set of AI / ML models and the state change comprising starting or termination of the measurement event prediction, andthe first state information comprises at least one of:an identification of the first measurement event,respective identifications of the first set of AI / ML models,an activation indication of the measurement event prediction if the state change comprises starting of the measurement event prediction, ora deactivation indication of the measurement event prediction if the state change comprises termination of the measurement event prediction.18.The network device of claim 13, wherein the network device is further caused to:transmit, to the terminal device, activation information about measurement event prediction for the first measurement event by using the first set of AI / ML models, andthe activation information comprises at least one of:an identification of the first measurement event,respective identifications of the first set of AI / ML models,an activation indication of the measurement event prediction, oran indication of an activation duration of the measurement event prediction.19.The network device of claim 13, wherein the network device is further caused to:transmit, to the terminal device, a second configuration for performance monitoring related to AI / ML based prediction for the first measurement event, andthe second configuration comprises at least one of:a first performance threshold for keeping usage of the first set of AI / ML models,a second performance threshold for changing an AI / ML model of the first set of AI / ML models,a third performance threshold for terminating AI / ML based prediction for the first measurement event,a cycle for the performance monitoring, oran entity for executing the performance monitoring.20.The network device of claim 13, wherein the network device is further caused to:in response to a state change of the performance monitoring, receive, from the terminal device, second state information about the performance monitoring, the second state information indicating a state change of the performance monitoring and the state change comprising starting or termination of the performance monitoring, andthe second state information comprises at least one of:an identification of the first measurement event,respective identifications of the first set of AI / ML models,an activation indication of the performance monitoring if the state change comprises starting of the performance monitoring, ora deactivation indication of the measurement event prediction if the state change comprises termination of the performance monitoring.
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