Methods and apparatus for synchronization signal block transmission in mobile communications
By encoding synchronization signals with cyclic shifted sequences and masking techniques, the detection complexity of synchronization signals is reduced, improving power efficiency and reliability in mobile communications.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/074603
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-02-01
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-07
AI Technical Summary
The detection complexity of synchronization signals in mobile communications is increased due to carrier frequency offsets, requiring improved methods to reduce complexity and enhance reliability.
Encoding synchronization signals using cyclic shifted sequences with sparse non-zero values and masking techniques to optimize peak-to-average power ratio, enabling efficient decoding and reduced computational complexity.
The proposed method reduces detection complexity, improves power amplifier efficiency, extends battery life, and enhances synchronization signal reliability in mobile networks.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025074603_07082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR SYNCHRONIZATION SIGNAL BLOCK TRANSMISSION IN MOBILE COMMUNICATIONSCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION (S)
[0001] The present disclosure is part of a non-provisional application claiming the priority benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 627,824, filed 1 February 2024, the contents of which herein being incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure is generally related to mobile communications and, more particularly, to synchronization signal block (SSB) transmission with respect to apparatus in mobile communications.BACKGROUND
[0003] Unless otherwise indicated herein, approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted as prior art by inclusion in this section.
[0004] In Long-Term Evolution (LTE) or New Radio (NR) mobile communications, synchronization signals are introduced. In particular, synchronization signals may be crucial factors in enabling reliable network operation by supporting timing and frequency synchronization, cell identification, and channel quality measurements. The synchronization signals may assist user equipment (UE) connect to a network, align transmission timing, and maintain signal coherence.
[0005] However, detection complexity increases significantly due to factors such as carrier frequency offsets and the need to distinguish between multiple sequences. More specifically, the carrier frequency offsets may cause signal degradation, making synchronization signal detection more challenging. Receivers (e.g., UE) may need to handle a broader range of frequency hypotheses and identify multiple sequences that convey timing, frequency, and cell ID information, increasing detection complexity. In some scenarios, the receivers with low power may have larger clock frequency offsets, which may significantly increase detection complexity, potentially compromising the reliability of synchronization signal detection. In addition, a method for transmitting the synchronization signals within a synchronization signal block (SSB) in a manner that reduces the detection complexity of the synchronization signals has not yet been addressed or discussed.
[0006] Accordingly, how to transmit the synchronization signals within an SSB in a manner that reduces the detection complexity of the synchronization signals becomes an important issue in the newly developed wireless communication network. Therefore, there is a need to provide proper schemes to transmit the synchronization signals within an SSB in a manner that reduces the detection complexity of the synchronization signals.SUMMARY
[0007] The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0008] An objective of the present disclosure is to propose solutions or schemes that address the aforementioned issues pertaining to synchronization signal block (SSB) transmission with respect to apparatus in mobile communications.
[0009] In one aspect, a method may involve an apparatus encoding a synchronization signal based on a cyclic shifted sequence generated by cyclically shifting a root sequence. The root sequence may include a plurality of non-zero values and a plurality of zero values, and any two different cyclic shifted sequences generated from the root sequence have at most one coincidence of positions of the plurality of non-zero values. The method may further involve the apparatus transmitting an SSB including the at least one synchronization signal.
[0010] In one aspect, a method may involve an apparatus receiving an SSB including at least one synchronization signal. The method may further involve the apparatus decoding the at least one synchronization signal based on a cyclic shifted sequence generated by cyclically shifting a root sequence. The root sequence may include a plurality of non-zero values and a plurality of zero values, and any two different cyclic shifted sequences generated from the root sequence have at most one coincidence of positions of the plurality of non-zero values.
[0011] In one aspect, an apparatus may comprise a transceiver which, during operation, wirelessly communicates with a user equipment. The apparatus may also comprise a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver. The processor, during operation, may perform operations comprising encoding at least one synchronization signal based on a cyclic shifted sequence generated by cyclically shifting a root sequence. The root sequence may include a plurality of non-zero values and a plurality of zero values, and any two different cyclic shifted sequences generated from the root sequence have at most one coincidence of positions of the plurality of non-zero values. The processor may further perform operations comprising transmitting, via the transceiver, an SSB including the at least one synchronization signal.
[0012] It is noteworthy that, although description provided herein may be in the context of certain radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, 5th Generation (5G) , New Radio (NR) , Internet-of-Things (IoT) and Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) , and 6th Generation (6G) , the proposed concepts, schemes and any variation (s) / derivative (s) thereof may be implemented in, for and by other types of radio access technologies, networks and network topologies. Thus, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the examples described herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings are not necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out of proportion than the size in actual implementation in order to clearly illustrate the concept of the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting an example scenario under schemes in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0015] FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams depicting an example scenario under schemes in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting an example scenario under schemes in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 4 is a diagram depicting an example scenario under schemes in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 5 is a diagram depicting an example scenario under schemes in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 6A is a diagram depicting an example scenario under schemes in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 6B is a diagram depicting an example table under schemes in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 7A is a diagram depicting an example scenario under schemes in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 7B is a diagram depicting an example table under schemes in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting an example scenario under schemes in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an example communication system in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 10 is a flowchart of an example process in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 11 is a flowchart of an example process in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED IMPLEMENTATIONS
[0027] Detailed embodiments and implementations of the claimed subject matters are disclosed herein. However, it shall be understood that the disclosed embodiments and implementations are merely illustrative of the claimed subject matters which may be embodied in various forms. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments and implementations set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments and implementations are provided so that description of the present disclosure is thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. In the description below, details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments and implementations. Overview
[0028] Implementations in accordance with the present disclosure relate to various techniques, methods, schemes and / or solutions pertaining to synchronization signal block (SSB) transmission with respect to apparatus in mobile communications. According to the present disclosure, a number of possible solutions may be implemented separately or jointly. That is, although these possible solutions may be described below separately, two or more of these possible solutions may be implemented in one combination or another.
[0029] Regarding the present disclosure, a network node may encode / determine at least one synchronization signal based on a cyclic shifted sequence generated by cyclically shifting a root sequence. The cyclic shifted sequence may be masked to account for phase rotation with respect to the synchronization signal. The root sequence may include a plurality of non-zero values and a plurality of zero values, and any two different cyclic shifted sequences generated from the root sequence may have at most one coincidence of positions of the plurality of non-zero values. The network node may then transmit an SSB including the at least one synchronization signal to a user equipment (UE) . After receiving the SSB including the at least one synchronization signal, the UE may decode the synchronization signal based on the cyclic shifted sequence. Accordingly, based on the significant reduction in detection complexity achieved through encoding / decoding the synchronization signal using the cyclically shifted sequence, the transmission of such synchronization signals within the SSB may further contribute to a reduction in detection complexity.
[0030] FIG. 1 illustrates an example scenario 100 under schemes in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. Scenario 100 involves at least one network node and a UE, which may be a part of a wireless communication network (e.g., an LTE network, a 5G / NR network, an IoT network or a 6G network) . Scenario 100 illustrates the current network framework. The UE may connect to the network side. The network side may comprise one or more network nodes.
[0031] In some embodiments, the network node may encode a synchronization signal based on a cyclic shifted sequence generated by cyclically shifting a root sequence. In particular, the root sequence may include a plurality of non-zero values and a plurality of zero values. In some implementations, positions of the non-zero values may be selected to achieve a desired autocorrelation characteristic. For example, the positions of the non-zero values are selected to minimize the number coincidences of positions of non-zero values between the root sequence and a shifted copy (e.g., cyclically shifted or non-cyclically shifted) of the root sequence. Further, the positions of the non-zero values may be selected to achieve an ideal cyclic autocorrelation characteristic. In some examples of the ideal cyclic autocorrelation characteristic, any two different cyclic shifted sequences generated from the root sequence may have at most one coincidence of positions of the plurality of non-zero value. In some cases, a density of the positions of the non-zero values in the root sequence may be lower than a threshold (e.g., lower than 0.5) , and a power of the root sequence may be boosted (e.g., the non-zero values may be increased) to match a total power with, for example, a related sequence. The related sequence may have the same length (e.g., the total number of positions) as the root sequence, and have non-zero values at all the positions in an example. In some examples, the number P of resource blocks (RBs) for carrying the synchronization signal may be equal to the number of the non-zero values. To fulfill the previously mentioned root sequence requirements, a length L of the root sequence (or corresponding cyclic shifted sequence) may be at least P· (P-1) +1.
[0032] It should be noted that, the root sequence may include non-zero values and zero values, which forms what is known as a low density power boosted (LDPB) sequence. The LDPB sequence mat leverage sparse non-zero elements, where the power may be concentrated, to enhance signal detection and reduce interference. By boosting the power at specific points (e.g., specific resource blocks (RBs) ) , the LDPB sequence may improve efficient synchronization, while maintaining low complexity in processing.
[0033] In some implementations, the cyclic shifted sequence may be masked to account for phase rotation with respect to the synchronization signal. In particular, to optimize time domain peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) with respect to the synchronization signal encoded by the cyclic shifted sequence, the cyclic shifted sequence may be masked before being used to encode the synchronization signal.
[0034] More specifically, to reduce PAPR, sequence masking techniques may modify the transmitted synchronization signal to lower peak power levels. In some cases, Selected Mapping (SLM) may be introduced, where multiple versions of the synchronization signal may be generated by multiplying the cyclic shifted sequence with different masks or phase sequences. These phase sequences may be independent or orthogonal, and the version with the lowest PAPR may be selected for transmission. Accordingly, PAPR may be effectively reduced without affecting the transmitted signal, improving the efficiency of power amplifiers by minimizing the signal’s peak power demands.
[0035] Then, the network node may transmit the synchronization signal to the UE. After receiving the synchronization signal, the UE may decode the synchronization signal based on the cyclic shifted sequence. Accordingly, because the root sequence and the corresponding cyclic shifted sequence may have low density (i.e., these sequences may include sparse non-zero values) , low complexity detection to simplify tasks (e.g., cell search, reference symbol received power measurement, synchronization, etc. ) and low complexity signal processing in interference cancellation may be achieved. In addition, because the cyclic shifted sequence may be masked to account for phase rotation with respect to the synchronization signal, the time domain PAPR of transmitting synchronization signals encoded by the cyclic shifted sequence may be optimized, which results in improved power amplifier efficiency, reduced distortion, lower costs, extended battery life, and enhanced reliability.
[0036] In some implementations, the synchronization signal may include a primary synchronization signal (PSS) . In particular, regarding the PSS, the root sequence may be selected from a plurality of candidate root sequences. The cyclic shifted sequence may correspond to a physical identity and be generated according to the following formulas: dpss (n) =βpssx (n) where L=P· (P-1) +1 0≤n<L 0≤l<P
[0037] In some cases, (1) dpss (n) may be a value of (n+1) th position of the cyclic shifted sequence, (2) Q may be a power boosted value associated with a sequence length (e.g., Q= (X / P) while X is boosted power such as L=133 (sequence length) , 144 (L+PBCH gap) or 240 (SSB length including L) ) , (3) P may be a number of RBs used for the PSS, (4) L may be a length of the cyclic shifted sequence / the root sequence, (5) is (l+1) th element of a set of masking values while the set is the physical identity dependent or the root sequence dependent, (6) Λpss may be a set of position index of the plurality of non-zero values of the root sequence, (7) may be a set of shifted and sorted Λpss while the set is the physical identity dependent, (8) may be (l+1) th element of and (9) Δk may be a cyclic shift for PSS.
[0038] In some implementations, the synchronization signal may include a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) . In particular, regarding the SSS, the root sequence may be (i+1) th root sequence of a plurality of selected root sequences, and the plurality of selected root sequences may be selected from the plurality of candidate root sequences. The cyclic shifted sequence may correspond to a physical cell identity and be generated according to the following formulas: dsss (n) =βsssxi, j (n) where L=P· (P-1) +1 0≤n<L 0≤l<P
[0039] In some cases, (1) dsss (n) may be a value of (n+1) th position of the cyclic shifted sequence, (2) Q may be a power boosted value associated with the sequence length (e.g., Q= (X / P) while X is boosted power such as L=133 (sequence length) , 144 (L+PBCH gap) or 240 (SSB length including L) ) , (3) P may be a number of RBs used for the SSS, (4) L may be a length of the cyclic shifted sequence / the root sequence, (5) may be the physical cell identity associated with the physical cell identity group number while is equal to (6) may be (l+1) th element of a set of masking values while the set is (i+1) th root sequence dependent or the physical cell identity dependent, (7) may be a set of position indexes of the plurality of non-zero values of (i+1) th root sequence, (8) may be a set of shifted and sorted while the set is (i+1) th root sequence dependent, (9) may be (l+1) th element of (10) Δk may be a cyclic shift for SSS, and (11) M may be a dedicated number of SSSs per root sequence.
[0040] In some examples of NR network, a is 3, b is 1, P is 12 (i.e., the number of RBs for carrying PSS and SSS is 12) . When P is 12, length L of root sequence or corresponding cyclic shifted sequence (s) is P· (P-1) +1=133. Based on the root sequence requirements of the present disclosure, there are at least 36 candidate root sequences having length 133.
[0041] As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B depicting an example scenario under schemes in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure, for each candidate root sequence, there may be position indexes of non-zero values. For example, position indexes of non-zero values of candidate root sequence 1 are {0 1 3 12 20 34 38 81 88 94 104 109} , which means that 1st, 2nd, 4th, 13th, 21th, 35th, 39th, 82th, 89th, 95th, 105th and 110th positions of candidate root sequence are non-zero values and the rest positions are zero values. For another example, position indexes of non-zero values of candidate root sequence 19 are {0 1 8 21 39 43 48 54 73 105 117 131} , which means that 1st, 2nd, 9th, 22th, 40th, 44th, 49th, 55th, 74th, 106th, 118th and 132th positions of candidate root sequence are non-zero values and the rest positions are zero values
[0042] Regarding PSS, there are 3 candidates for carrying the physical identity {0, 1, 2} . To accommodate large frequency offsets (e.g., larger than 50 parts per million (ppm) at a carrier frequency of 2.6GHz) , the cyclic shift Δk is determined as 40 subcarrier spacing to generate sequence candidates that carry different physical identity {0, 1, 2} . When length L of one root sequence is 133 and the cyclic shift Δk is 40, one root sequence can be used to generate at most cyclic shifted sequences. Accordingly, 3 / 3=1 root sequence is selected from 36 candidate root sequences for PSS.
[0043] Regarding SSS, there are 1008 candidates for carrying physical cell identity while To accommodate moderate frequency offsets (e.g., 2ppm at a carrier frequency of 2.6GHz) , the cyclic shift Δk is 3 subcarrier spacing to generate sequence candidates that carry different physical cell identities When length L of one root sequence is 133 and the cyclic shift Δk is 3, one root sequence can be used to generate at most cyclic shifted sequences. Accordingly, root sequences are selected from 36 candidate root sequences for SSS.
[0044] It should be noted that, in an event that both PSS and SSS are encoded by the cyclic shifted sequences of the present disclosures, 1 root sequence for PSS and 23 root sequences for SSS are selected from 36 candidate root sequences and the total 24 root sequences are different.
[0045] Regarding PSS, the cyclic shifted sequence is determined as follows: dpss (n) =βpssx (n) where 0≤n<133 0≤l<12 In these examples, the root sequence is selected as candidate root sequence 1 of 36 candidate root sequences as follows: Λpss= [0 1 3 12 20 34 38 81 88 94 104 109]
[0046] FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting an example scenario under schemes in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. In these examples, set of masking values, which is physical identity dependent, is determined as shown in FIG. 3.
[0047] Accordingly, for example, when physical identity is ‘0’ , non-zero values of 1st, 2nd, 4th, 13 th, 21 th, 35 th, 39 th, 82 th, 89 th, 95 th, 105 th and 110 th positions of the cyclic shifted sequence for PSS are respectively {j 1 -j j -j 1 1 -1 j j 1 -j } .
[0048] Regarding SSS, the cyclic shifted sequence is determined as follows: dsss (n) =βsssxi, j (n) where 0≤n<133 0≤l<12
[0049] FIG. 4 is a diagram depicting an example scenario under schemes in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. In these examples, the root sequences are selected as candidate root sequences 2 to 23 of 36 candidate root sequences as shown in FIG. 4.
[0050] FIG. 5 is a diagram depicting an example scenario under schemes in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. In these examples, set of masking values which is (i+1) th root sequence dependent, is determined as shown in FIG. 5.
[0051] Accordingly, for example, when i is ‘0’ , set of masking values {-1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1} is applied to the first selected root sequence {0 1 3 15 46 71 75 84 94 101 112 128} and the corresponding cyclic shifted sequences, which means that: (1) non-zero values of the first selected root sequence for SSS are respectively {-1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1} , and (2) non-zero values of each cyclic shifted sequence generated from the first selected root sequence are respectively {-1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1} .
[0052] It should be noted that it is not intended to limit the masking values as {1, -1, j, -j} in the present disclosure. Each element of the set of masking values may be where The people skilled in the art should easily understand that, to account for different phase rotations with respect to the synchronization signal, the masking values may be adjusted when necessary.
[0053] Accordingly, the network node encodes PSS / SSS based on the respective cyclic shifted sequences and transmits PSS / SSS to the UE. After receiving PSS / SSS, the UE decodes PSS / SSS based on the respective cyclic shifted sequences. It should be noted that, the cyclic shifted sequences for PSS and the cyclic shifted sequences for SSS may be calculated in real-time or be pre-stored in the network node and the UE.
[0054] In some implementations, the UE may detect and decode the synchronization signal based on the cyclic shifted sequence by at least one operation of segmentation, Fourier transform, energy detection, coarse synchronization and refinement.
[0055] In operation of segmentation, the received synchronization signal may be divided into overlapping segments of length N, where N is the length of the cyclic shifted sequence / the root sequence. The length of overlapping between segments may be N / M points. In some cases, parameter M may be degree of overlap between segments. More specifically, when the received synchronization signal is divided into overlapping segments of length N, the overlap between consecutive segments is N / M points. M may be chosen based on factors such as desired synchronization precision, computational limitations, and signal conditions in the UE’s operating environment.
[0056] In operation of Fourier transform, a length- (N) fast Fourier transform (FFT) may be applied to each segment. This operation may be referred to as partially overlapped sliding discrete Fourier transform (POSD) . In some cases, POSD may involve overlapping segments to maintain continuity between the segments, enhancing frequency resolution and mitigating edge effects. Therefore, spectral leakage may be reduced, and synchronization signal detection may be improved, especially in dynamic environments with Doppler shifts or noise. By overlapping segments by N / M points, the sliding FFT may enable more accurate synchronization in mobile systems, ensuring robust performance in high-mobility scenarios while balancing computational efficiency and signal accuracy.
[0057] After the FFT, energy detection may be performed by summing the magnitude-squared values of the FFT output at the REs that correspond to the cyclic shifted sequence. This operation may be performed across multiple frequency hypotheses and for each PSS sequence pattern, ensuring robustness against frequency offsets and variations. By focusing on the REs associated with the cyclic shifted sequence, the UE may accurately detect synchronization signals even in noisy or complex environments, facilitating reliable signal acquisition for cell search and handover processes.
[0058] In operation of coarse synchronization, the special structure of the cyclic shifted sequence may allow the detection to be performed at a coarse level, such as the OFDM symbol level, which may reduce complexity compared to sample-level detection. This may significantly reduce computational complexity while maintaining synchronization accuracy. By leveraging the periodicity and properties of the cyclic shifted sequence, the UE may quickly achieve initial timing alignment without the need for resource-intensive, sample-by-sample analysis. The coarse synchronization operation may simplify the detection process, enabling more efficient signal acquisition and reducing power consumption, particularly important in high-mobility or resource-constrained network environments.
[0059] In operation of refinement, once coarse synchronization is achieved using the reduced-complexity method, the search may be refined with local coherent correlation for more precise synchronization. In some cases, the coherent correlation may involve aligning the received signal with a known reference signal, maximizing the correlation peak to accurately identify the timing and phase of the synchronization signal. The coherent correlation may significantly improve the accuracy of synchronization, enabling precise time and frequency alignment, which is essential for high-quality communication in some networks. The refinement operation may compensate for any residual errors from the coarse stage, ensuring robust synchronization, particularly in challenging conditions like multipath fading or Doppler shifts.
[0060] In some embodiments, the network node may transmit an SSB including a PSS and an SSS while the PSS and SSS are encoded based on the cyclic shifted sequence generated by cyclically shifting the root sequence as previously described. In particular, the SSB may include four symbols, and the PSS and the SSS may be included (i.e., carried) in different symbols.
[0061] In some implementations, the SSB may include a first symbol, a second symbol, a third symbol and a fourth symbol. The PSS may be included (i.e., carried) in the first symbol. The SSS may be included (i.e., carried) in the third symbol. A PBCH may be included (i.e., carried) in the second symbol, the third symbol and the fourth symbol.
[0062] More specifically, regarding the SSB, a bandwidth (BW) may be ‘X’ resource blocks (RBs) . The PSS, the SSS and the PBCH may have the same center frequency. The number of RBs (i.e., the value of P) used for the PSS may be ‘Y1’ , and the corresponding sequence length (i.e., the value of L) may be ‘Z1’ . The number of RBs (i.e., the value of P) used for the SSS may be ‘Y2’ , and the corresponding sequence length (i.e., the value of L) may be ‘Z2’ .
[0063] Further, the PBCH may be mapped to the second symbol, the third symbol and the fourth symbol of the SSB. In some cases, the scrambling procedure of the PBCH may start with the generation of an initialization sequence cinit that may depend on cell ID (which is defined in 3GPP specification) . In some cases, the modulation of the PBCH may be quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) . In some cases, the coding scheme of the PBCH may be polar code with 24-bit CRC. In some cases, DMRS (s) may reside within the PBCH with 1 / 4 RS density, which means that there may be one RS per 4 resource elements (REs) .
[0064] FIG. 6A is a diagram depicting an example scenario 600 under schemes in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. For example, regarding the SSB, a BW may be 20 RBs. The PSS in the first symbol (SYM in short in FIG. 6A) , the SSS in the third symbol and the PBCH in the symbols have the same center frequency. The number of RBs (i.e., the value of P) used for the PSS is 12 RBs. The corresponding sequence length (i.e., the value of L) of the PSS is 133 subcarriers (SCs) . The number of RBs (i.e., the value of P) used for the SSS is 12 RBs including two gaps 6 SCs and 5 SCs between the SSS and the PBCH in the third symbol. The corresponding sequence length (i.e., the value of L) of the SSS is 133 SCs.
[0065] FIG. 6B is a diagram depicting an example table under schemes in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. In detail, in this example, resource mappings of the PSS, the SSS and the PBCH to the symbols are as follows. In particular, PSS sequence dPSS (0) , …, dPSS (132) , while the sequence length is 133 SCs, is mapped to resource elements (k, l) in ascending order of k based on the table. SSS sequence dSSS (0) , …, dSSS (132) , while the sequence length is 133 SCs, is mapped to resource elements (k, l) in ascending order of k based on the table. PBCH symbols dPBCH (0) , …, dPBCH (Msymb-1) is mapped to resource elements (k, l) which are not used by DMRS (s) in ascending order of first the index k and then the index l based on the table.
[0066] It should be noted that, in the table of FIG. 6B, symbol / subcarrier ‘a’ means ‘a+1’ th symbol / subcarrier (e.g., symbol ‘0’ means the first symbol) . For example, the PSS and the SSS have a same staring subcarrier ‘53’ which is the 54th subcarrier of the 20 RBs. There are two gaps (i.e., channel or signal set to value zero) between the SSS and the PBCH in the third symbol. In addition, in other examples, the gaps 6 SCs and 5 SCs between the SSS and the PBCH are interchangeable, allowing the two gaps to be configured as 5 SCs and 6 SCs, respectively. This configuration results in the starting subcarrier of the SSS being ‘53’ (i.e., the 53rd subcarrier of the 20 RBs) . Parameter v represents DMRS offset per 4 REs, which is 0, 1, 2 or 3.
[0067] In some implementations, the SSB may include a first symbol, a second symbol, a third symbol and a fourth symbol. The PSS may be included (i.e., carried) in the second symbol. The SSS may be included (i.e., carried) in the third symbol. A PBCH may be included (i.e., carried) in the first symbol, the second symbol, the third symbol and the fourth symbol. In these implementations, the PBCH, appearing in the first symbol of the SSB, may be configured to facilitate automatic gain control (AGC) settling so that the performance of decoding the PSS and the SSS may be more efficient.
[0068] More specifically, regarding the SSB, a BW may be ‘x’ RBs. The PSS, the SSS and the PBCH may have the same center frequency. The number of RBs (i.e., the value of P) used for the PSS may be ‘y1’ , and the corresponding sequence length (i.e., the value of L) may be ‘z1’ . The number of RBs (i.e., the value of P) used for the SSS may be ‘y2’ , and the corresponding sequence length (i.e., the value of L) may be ‘z2’ .
[0069] Further, the PBCH may be mapped to the first symbol, the second symbol, the third symbol and the fourth symbol of the SSB. In some cases, the scrambling procedure of the PBCH may start with the generation of an initialization sequence cinit that may depend on cell ID (which is defined in 3GPP specification) . In some cases, the modulation of the PBCH may be QPSK. In some cases, the coding scheme of the PBCH may be polar code with 24-bit CRC. In some cases, DMRS (s) may reside within the PBCH with 1 / 4 RS density, which means that there may be one RS per 4 REs.
[0070] FIG. 7A is a diagram depicting an example scenario 700 under schemes in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. For example, regarding the SSB, a BW may be 20 RBs. The PSS in the second symbol (SYM in short in FIG. 7A) , the SSS in the third symbol and the PBCH in the symbols have the same center frequency. The number of RBs (i.e., the value of P) used for the PSS is 12 RBs including two gaps 6 SCs and 5 SCs between the PSS and the PBCH in the second symbol. The corresponding sequence length (i.e., the value of L) of the PSS is 133 SCs. The number of RBs (i.e., the value of P) used for the SSS is 12 RBs including two gaps 6 SCs and 5 SCs between the SSS and the PBCH in the third symbol. The corresponding sequence length (i.e., the value of L) of the SSS is 133 SCs. The number of REs used for the PBCH is 504 REs, excluding the DMRSs of PBCH.
[0071] FIG. 7B is a diagram depicting an example table under schemes in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. In detail, in this example, resource mappings of the PSS, the SSS and the PBCH to the symbols are as follows. In particular, PSS sequence dPSS (0) , …, dPSS (132) , while the sequence length is 133 SCs, is mapped to resource elements (k, l) in ascending order of k based on the table. SSS sequence dSSS (0) , …, dSSS (132) , while the sequence length is 133 SCs, is mapped to resource elements (k, l) in ascending order of k based on the table. PBCH symbols dPBCH (0) , …, dPBCH (Msymb-1) is mapped to resource elements (k, l) which are not used by DMRS (s) in ascending order of first the index k and then the index l based on the table.
[0072] It should be noted that, in the table of FIG. 7B, symbol / subcarrier ‘b’ means ‘b+1’ th symbol / subcarrier (e.g., symbol ‘0’ means the first symbol) . For example, the PSS and the SSS have a same staring subcarrier ‘53’ which is the ‘54’ subcarrier of the 20 RBs. There are two gaps (i.e., channel or signal set to value zero) between the PSS and the PBCH in the second symbol. There are two gaps (i.e., channel or signal set to value zero) between the SSS and the PBCH in the third symbol. In addition, in other examples, the gaps 6 SCs and 5 SCs between the PSS (or the SSS) and the PBCH are interchangeable, allowing the two gaps to be configured as 5 SCs and 6 SCs, respectively. This configuration results in the starting subcarrier of the PSS (or the SSS) being ‘53’ (i.e., the 53rd subcarrier of the 20 RBs) . Parameter v represents DMRS offset per 4 REs, which is 0, 1, 2 or 3.
[0073] In some implementations, the network node may transmit the SSB repeatedly in a period, and repetition number of transmitting the SSB in the period may be associated with a number of beams and an SSB repetition number. In particular, the repetition number of transmitting the SSB in the period may be represented as L=N×M, where L represents the repetition number of transmitting the SSB, N represents the number of beams, and M represents the SSB repetition number for a given beam (i.e., SSBs having same SSB index for M repetitions correspond to the same beam) .
[0074] In some cases, the repetition number of transmitting the SSB may be greater than or equal to one, and less than or equal to Lmax (i.e., 1≤L≤Lmax) . Lmax may be the maximum number of SSB indexes in a cell or the maximum number of transmitted SSB within one periodicity. In one example, Lmax may be 8, 16 or 64 in frequency range 1 (low-band) , 2 (mid-band) or 3 (high-band) , respectively.
[0075] In some cases, N equal to 1 may indicate that only one beam is considered (i.e., there is no beam sweeping) . In the cases N equal to 1, M equal to 1 may indicate the transmission with multi-transmission-reception-point (Multi-TRP) single frequency network (SFN) and beam-broadening. In these cases, in an event that 1≤M≤Lmax, the exact value of M may depend on spatial and power domain settings.
[0076] In some cases, N greater than 1 may indicate that multiple beams are considered (i.e., there is beam sweeping) . In these cases, in an event that there may be M SSB repetition (s) for a given beam.
[0077] FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting an example scenario 800 under schemes in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. For example, a time domain resource allocation of the SSB may start at symbols {4, 8, 16, 20} +28n, n=0, 1, …. It should be noted that this example is for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the pattern of SSB repetitions. Illustrative Implementations
[0078] FIG. 9 illustrates an example communication system 900 having an example communication apparatus 910 and an example network apparatus 920 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Each of communication apparatus 910 and network apparatus 920 may perform various functions to implement schemes, techniques, processes and methods described herein pertaining to SSB transmission with respect to UE and network apparatus in mobile communications, including scenarios / schemes described above as well as processes 1000 and 1100 described below.
[0079] Communication apparatus 910 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a UE such as a portable or mobile apparatus, a wearable apparatus, a wireless communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, communication apparatus 910 may be implemented in a smartphone, a smartwatch, a personal digital assistant, a digital camera, or a computing equipment such as a tablet computer, a laptop computer or a notebook computer. Communication apparatus 910 may also be a part of a machine type apparatus, which may be an IoT, NB-IoT, or IIoT apparatus such as an immobile or a stationary apparatus, a home apparatus, a wire communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, communication apparatus 910 may be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart fridge, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker or a home control center. Alternatively, communication apparatus 910 may be implemented in the form of one or more integrated-circuit (IC) chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more reduced-instruction set computing (RISC) processors, or one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors. Communication apparatus 910 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 9 such as a processor 912, for example. Communication apparatus 910 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of communication apparatus 910 are neither shown in FIG. 9 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0080] Network apparatus 920 may be a part of a network apparatus, which may be a network node such as a satellite, a base station, a small cell, a router or a gateway. For instance, network apparatus 920 may be implemented in an eNodeB in an LTE network, in a gNB in a 5G / NR, IoT, NB-IoT or IIoT network or in a satellite or base station in a 6G network. Alternatively, network apparatus 920 may be implemented in the form of one or more IC chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, or one or more RISC or CISC processors. Network apparatus 920 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 9 such as a processor 922, for example. Network apparatus 920 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of network apparatus 920 are neither shown in FIG. 9 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0081] In one aspect, each of processor 912 and processor 922 may be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, or one or more CISC processors. That is, even though a singular term “aprocessor” is used herein to refer to processor 912 and processor 922, each of processor 912 and processor 922 may include multiple processors in some implementations and a single processor in other implementations in accordance with the present disclosure. In another aspect, each of processor 912 and processor 922 may be implemented in the form of hardware (and, optionally, firmware) with electronic components including, for example and without limitation, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors and / or one or more varactors that are configured and arranged to achieve specific purposes in accordance with the present disclosure. In other words, in at least some implementations, each of processor 912 and processor 922 is a special-purpose machine specifically designed, arranged and configured to perform specific tasks including SSB transmission in a device (e.g., as represented by communication apparatus 910) and a network (e.g., as represented by network apparatus 920) in accordance with various implementations of the present disclosure.
[0082] In some implementations, communication apparatus 910 may also include a transceiver 916 coupled to processor 912 and capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In other words, processor 912 may transceive the data such as configuration, message, signal, information, indicator, etc. via transceiver 916. In some implementations, communication apparatus 910 may further include a memory 914 coupled to processor 912 and capable of being accessed by processor 912 and storing data therein. In some implementations, network apparatus 920 may also include a transceiver 926 coupled to processor 922 and capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In other words, processor 922 may transceive the data such as configuration, message, signal, information, indicator, etc. via transceiver 926. In some implementations, network apparatus 920 may further include a memory 924 coupled to processor 922 and capable of being accessed by processor 922 and storing data therein. Accordingly, communication apparatus 910 and network apparatus 920 may wirelessly communicate with each other via transceiver 916 and transceiver 926, respectively. To aid better understanding, the following description of the operations, functionalities and capabilities of each of communication apparatus 910 and network apparatus 920 is provided in the context of a mobile communication environment in which communication apparatus 910 is implemented in or as a communication apparatus or a UE and network apparatus 920 is implemented in or as a network node of a communication network.
[0083] In some implementations, each of memory 914 and memory 924 may include a type of random-access memory (RAM) such as dynamic RAM (DRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , thyristor RAM (T-RAM) and / or zero-capacitor RAM (Z-RAM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 914 and memory 924 may include a type of read-only memory (ROM) such as mask ROM, programmable ROM (PROM) , erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) and / or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 914 and memory 924 may include a type of non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) such as flash memory, solid-state memory, ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) and / or phase-change memory. Illustrative Processes
[0084] FIG. 10 illustrates an example process 1000 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 1000 may be an example implementation of above scenarios / schemes, whether partially or completely, with respect to SSB transmission of the present disclosure. Process 1000 may represent an aspect of implementation of features of network apparatus 920. Process 1000 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 1010 to 1020. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 1000 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks of process 1000 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 10 or, alternatively, in a different order. Process 1000 may be implemented by network apparatus 920 or any suitable network device or machine type devices. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limitation, process 1000 is described below in the context of network apparatus 920. Process 1000 may begin at block 1010.
[0085] At block 1010, process 1000 may involve processor 922 of network apparatus 920 encoding at least one synchronization signal based on a cyclic shifted sequence generated by cyclically shifting a root sequence. The root sequence may include a plurality of non-zero values and a plurality of zero values, and any two different cyclic shifted sequences generated from the root sequence may have at most one coincidence of positions of the plurality of non-zero values. Process 1000 may proceed from block 1010 to block 1020.
[0086] At block 1020, process 1000 may involve processor 922 of network apparatus 920 transmitting an SSB including the at least one synchronization signal.
[0087] In some implementations, the synchronization signal may include a PSS or an SSS.
[0088] In some implementations, the SSB may include a first symbol, a second symbol, a third symbol and a fourth symbol. The PSS may be included in the first symbol, the SSS may be included in the third symbol, and a PBCH may be included in the second symbol, the third symbol and the fourth symbol; or the PSS may be included in the second symbol, the SSS may be included in the third symbol, and the PBCH may be included in the first symbol, the second symbol, the third symbol and the fourth symbol.
[0089] In some implementations, the PSS, the SSS and the PBCH may have a same center frequency.
[0090] In some implementations, the PSS and the SSS may have a same sequence length, and the same sequence length may be 133 subcarriers.
[0091] In some implementations, a bandwidth of the SSB may include 20 RBs. The PSS and the SSS may have a same staring subcarrier, and the same staring subcarrier may be fifty-third or fifty-fourth subcarrier of the 20 RBs.
[0092] In some implementations, the PSS may be included in the first symbol. The SSS may be included in the third symbol, the PBCH may be included in the second symbol, the third symbol and the fourth symbol. There may be two gaps between the PBCH and the SSS in the third symbol.
[0093] In some implementations, the PSS may be included in the second symbol. The SSS may be included in the third symbol. The PBCH may be included in the first symbol, the second symbol, the third symbol and the fourth symbol. There may be two gaps between the PBCH and the PSS in the second symbol. There may be two gaps between the PBCH and the SSS in the third symbol.
[0094] In some implementations, process 1000 may involve processor 922 of network apparatus 920 transmitting the SSB repeatedly in a period. A repetition number of transmitting the SSB in the period may be associated with a number of beams and an SSB repetition number.
[0095] FIG. 11 illustrates an example process 1100 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 1100 may be an example implementation of above scenarios / schemes, whether partially or completely, with respect to SSB transmission of the present disclosure. Process 1100 may represent an aspect of implementation of features of communication apparatus 910. Process 1100 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 1110 to 1120. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 1100 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks of process 1100 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 11 or, alternatively, in a different order. Process 1100 may be implemented by communication apparatus 910 or any suitable UE or machine type devices. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limitation, process 1100 is described below in the context of communication apparatus 910. Process 1100 may begin at block 1110.
[0096] At block 1110, process 1100 may involve processor 912 of communication apparatus 910 receiving an SSB including at least one synchronization signal. Process 1100 may proceed from block 1110 to block 1120.
[0097] At block 1120, process 1100 may involve processor 912 of communication apparatus 910 decoding the at least one synchronization signal based on a cyclic shifted sequence generated by cyclically shifting a root sequence. The root sequence may include a plurality of non-zero values and a plurality of zero values, and any two different cyclic shifted sequences generated from the root sequence may have at most one coincidence of positions of the plurality of non-zero values.
[0098] In some implementations, the synchronization signal may include a PSS or an SSS.
[0099] In some implementations, the SSB may include a first symbol, a second symbol, a third symbol and a fourth symbol. The PSS may be included in the first symbol, the SSS may be included in the third symbol, and a PBCH may be included in the second symbol, the third symbol and the fourth symbol; or the PSS may be included in the second symbol, the SSS may be included in the third symbol, and the PBCH may be included in the first symbol, the second symbol, the third symbol and the fourth symbol.
[0100] In some implementations, the PSS, the SSS and the PBCH may have a same center frequency.
[0101] In some implementations, the PSS and the SSS may have a same sequence length, and the same sequence length may be 133 subcarriers.
[0102] In some implementations, a bandwidth of the SSB may include 20 RBs. The PSS and the SSS may have a same staring subcarrier, and the same staring subcarrier may be fifty-third or fifty-fourth subcarrier of the 20 RBs.
[0103] In some implementations, the PSS may be included in the first symbol. The SSS may be included in the third symbol, the PBCH may be included in the second symbol, the third symbol and the fourth symbol. There may be two gaps between the PBCH and the SSS in the third symbol.
[0104] In some implementations, the PSS may be included in the second symbol. The SSS may be included in the third symbol. The PBCH may be included in the first symbol, the second symbol, the third symbol and the fourth symbol. There may be two gaps between the PBCH and the PSS in the second symbol. There may be two gaps between the PBCH and the SSS in the third symbol.
[0105] In some implementations, process 1100 may involve processor 912 of communication apparatus 910 receiving the SSB repeatedly in a period. A repetition number of transmitting the SSB in the period may be associated with a number of beams and an SSB repetition number. Additional Notes
[0106] The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected" , or "operably coupled" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.
[0107] Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0108] Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an, " e.g., “a” and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, " without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B. ”
[0109] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A method, comprising:encoding, by a processor of an apparatus, at least one synchronization signal based on a cyclic shifted sequence generated by cyclically shifting a root sequence, wherein the root sequence includes a plurality of non-zero values and a plurality of zero values, and any two different cyclic shifted sequences generated from the root sequence have at most one coincidence of positions of the plurality of non-zero values; andtransmitting, by the processor, a synchronization signal block (SSB) including the at least one synchronization signal.2.The method of Claim 1, wherein the at least one synchronization signal includes a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) .3.The method of Claim 2, wherein the SSB includes a first symbol, a second symbol, a third symbol and a fourth symbol, and whereinthe PSS is included in the first symbol, the SSS is included in the third symbol, and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) is included in the second symbol, the third symbol and the fourth symbol; orthe PSS is included in the second symbol, the SSS is included in the third symbol, and the PBCH is included in the first symbol, the second symbol, the third symbol and the fourth symbol.4.The method of Claim 3, wherein the PSS, the SSS and the PBCH have a same center frequency.5.The method of Claim 4, wherein the PSS and the SSS have a same sequence length, and the same sequence length is 133 subcarriers.6.The method of Claim 5, wherein a bandwidth of the SSB includes 20 resource blocks (RBs) , the PSS and the SSS have a same staring subcarrier, and the same staring subcarrier is fifty-third or fifty-fourth subcarrier of the 20 RBs.7.The method of Claim 6, wherein the PSS is included in the first symbol, the SSS is included in the third symbol, the PBCH is included in the second symbol, the third symbol and the fourth symbol, and there are two gaps between the PBCH and the SSS in the third symbol.8.The method of Claim 6, wherein the PSS is included in the second symbol, the SSS is included in the third symbol, the PBCH is included in the first symbol, the second symbol, the third symbol and the fourth symbol, there are two gaps between the PBCH and the PSS in the second symbol, and there are two gaps between the PBCH and the SSS in the third symbol.9.The method of Claim 1, further comprising:transmitting, by the processor, the SSB repeatedly in a period, wherein a repetition number of transmitting the SSB in the period is associated with a number of beams and an SSB repetition number.10.A method, comprising:receiving, by a processor of an apparatus, a synchronization signal block (SSB) including at least one synchronization signal; anddecoding, by the processor, the at least one synchronization signal based on a cyclic shifted sequence generated by cyclically shifting a root sequence, wherein the root sequence includes a plurality of non-zero values and a plurality of zero values, and any two different cyclic shifted sequences generated from the root sequence have at most one coincidence of positions of the plurality of non-zero values.11.The method of Claim 10, wherein the at least one synchronization signal includes a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) .12.The method of Claim 11, wherein the SSB includes a first symbol, a second symbol, a third symbol and a fourth symbol, and whereinthe PSS is included in the first symbol, the SSS is included in the third symbol, and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) is included in the second symbol, the third symbol and the fourth symbol; orthe PSS is included in the second symbol, the SSS is included in the third symbol, and the PBCH is included in the first symbol, the second symbol, the third symbol and the fourth symbol.13.The method of Claim 12, wherein the PSS, the SSS and the PBCH have a same center frequency.14.The method of Claim 13, wherein the PSS and the SSS have a same sequence length, and the same sequence length is 133 subcarriers.15.The method of Claim 14, wherein the bandwidth of the SSB includes 20 resource blocks (RBs) , the PSS and the SSS have a same staring subcarrier, and the same staring subcarrier is fifty-third or fifty-fourth subcarrier of the 20 RBs.16.The method of Claim 15, wherein the PSS is included in the first symbol, the SSS is included in the third symbol, the PBCH is included in the second symbol, the third symbol and the fourth symbol, and there are two gaps between the PBCH and the SSS in the third symbol.17.The method of Claim 15, wherein the PSS is included in the second symbol, the SSS is included in the third symbol, the PBCH is included in the first symbol, the second symbol, the third symbol and the fourth symbol, there are two gaps between the PBCH and the PSS in the second symbol, and there are two gaps between the PBCH and the SSS in the third symbol.18.The method of Claim 10, further comprising:receiving, by the processor, the SSB repeatedly in a period, wherein a repetition number of transmitting the SSB in the period is associated with a beam number and an SSB repetition number.19.An apparatus, comprising:a transceiver which, during operation, wirelessly communicates with a user equipment; anda processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver such that, during operation, the processor performs operations comprising:encoding a synchronization signal based on a cyclic shifted sequence generated by cyclically shifting a root sequence, wherein the root sequence includes a plurality of non-zero values and a plurality of zero values, and any two different cyclic shifted sequences generated from the root sequence have at most one coincidence of positions of the plurality of non-zero values; andtransmitting, via the transceiver, a synchronization signal block (SSB) including the at least one synchronization signal.20.The method of Claim 19, wherein the at least one synchronization signal includes a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) .
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