Display device and manufacturing method therefor

Abstract

Provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure are a display device and a manufacturing method therefor. The display device comprises a substrate and a display element layer disposed thereon. The display element layer comprises: anode and cathode electrodes; an anode reflective electrode layer disposed on the anode electrode; a cathode reflective electrode layer disposed on the cathode electrode; light-emitting elements comprising first and second element electrodes; an anode transparent electrode layer electrically connecting the anode reflective electrode layer and first element electrode; and a cathode transparent electrode layer electrically connecting the cathode reflective electrode layer and second element electrode.

Description

Display device and manufacturing method thereof

[0001] The embodiments relate to a display device and a method of manufacturing the display device.

[0002] As interest in information displays has grown recently, research and development on display devices are continuously being conducted.

[0003] The embodiments provide a display device and a method of manufacturing the display device capable of improving luminous efficiency.

[0004] Embodiments provide a display device and a method of manufacturing the display device that can reduce or minimize the risk of voltage drop in an electrical signal supplied to a light-emitting element.

[0005] Embodiments provide a display device and a method of manufacturing the display device that can reduce or minimize the risk of electrical connection failure due to misalignment of a light emitting element.

[0006] However, the embodiments are not limited to those set forth herein. The above-described and other embodiments will become more apparent to those skilled in the art by reference to the detailed description of the present disclosure provided below.

[0007] A display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a substrate; and a display element layer disposed on the substrate. The display element layer may include an anode electrode and a cathode electrode; an anode reflective electrode layer disposed on the anode electrode; a cathode reflective electrode layer disposed on the cathode electrode; a light-emitting element including a first element electrode and a second element electrode; an anode transparent electrode layer electrically connecting the anode reflective electrode layer and the first element electrode; and a cathode transparent electrode layer electrically connecting the cathode reflective electrode layer and the second element electrode.

[0008] The cathode electrode may include a base cathode electrode and a bridge cathode electrode that are integral with each other. The base cathode electrode covers a wider area than the bridge cathode electrode and may overlap with the light-emitting element when viewed in a plan view.

[0009] The display device may include sub-pixels. The base cathode electrode may extend across the sub-pixels along a first direction. The anode electrode may include a plurality of anode electrodes corresponding to each of the sub-pixels. The bridge cathode electrode may extend in a second direction different from the first direction and be disposed between the plurality of anode electrodes along the first direction.

[0010] The anode electrode and the cathode electrode may be formed in the same layer and may include the same conductive material.

[0011] The display device may further include a bank covering a portion of each of the anode electrode and the cathode electrode and having an opening. The bank may expose a portion of the base cathode electrode. The base cathode electrode and the cathode reflective electrode layer may be in contact with each other at a portion of the base cathode electrode exposed by the bank.

[0012] The base cathode electrode and the cathode reflective electrode layer may be electrically connected at a cathode contact surface. The cathode contact surface may overlap the light-emitting element when viewed in a plan view, such that the cathode reflective electrode layer forms a reflective surface for the light-emitting element.

[0013] The above cathode contact surface can cover the entire light emitting element when viewed in a planar view.

[0014] The anode reflective electrode layer may not be disposed on the inner surface of the bank facing the opening.

[0015] The cathode reflective electrode layer and the anode reflective electrode layer may be formed on the same layer and may include the same reflective conductive material.

[0016] The cathode transparent electrode layer and the anode transparent electrode layer may be formed in the same layer and may include the same transparent conductive material.

[0017] The display element layer may be arranged in an upper direction of the substrate. The light-emitting element may include a first element electrode and a second element electrode facing in the upper direction. The anode transparent electrode layer may overlap the first element electrode when viewed in a plan view. The cathode transparent electrode layer may overlap the second element electrode when viewed in a plan view.

[0018] The cathode transparent electrode layer may overlap the cathode reflective electrode and may not overlap the anode reflective electrode when viewed in a plan view. The anode transparent electrode layer may overlap the cathode reflective electrode and the anode reflective electrode when viewed in a plan view.

[0019] The display device may further include an intermediate insulating layer disposed within the opening and directly adjacent to the light-emitting element.

[0020] The anode transparent electrode layer and the cathode transparent electrode layer can be directly disposed on the intermediate insulating layer.

[0021] The difference between the height of the corner of the light-emitting element and the maximum height of the intermediate insulating layer may be smaller than the minimum thickness of the anode transparent electrode layer and the cathode transparent electrode layer.

[0022] The display device may further include a capping layer covering the anode transparent electrode layer, the cathode transparent electrode layer, and the light-emitting element.

[0023] The display device may further include an identification pattern formed on at least one of the cathode electrode and the cathode reflective electrode layer.

[0024] The above identification pattern may include an engraved pattern or a raised pattern.

[0025] The anode electrode may be in contact with the anode reflective electrode layer at the anode contact surface. The cathode electrode may be in contact with the cathode reflective electrode layer at the cathode contact surface. The anode contact surface may overlap the light-emitting element entirely when viewed in a plan view.

[0026] A method for manufacturing a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include: a step of manufacturing a pixel circuit layer disposed on a substrate; and a step of manufacturing a display element layer on the pixel circuit layer. The step of manufacturing the display element layer may include: a step of patterning an anode electrode and a cathode electrode on the pixel circuit layer; a step of patterning a bank forming an opening; a step of patterning a reflective electrode layer including a cathode reflective electrode layer electrically connected to the anode electrode and an anode reflective electrode layer electrically connected to the cathode electrode; a step of patterning an intermediate insulating layer disposed within the opening; a step of arranging a light-emitting element within the opening; and a step of patterning a transparent electrode layer including a cathode transparent electrode layer electrically connected to the cathode reflective electrode layer and an anode transparent electrode layer electrically connected to the anode reflective electrode layer.

[0027] The cathode electrode may include a base cathode electrode and a bridge cathode electrode that are integral with each other. The base cathode electrode covers a wider area than the bridge cathode electrode and may overlap with the light-emitting element when viewed in a plan view.

[0028] The base cathode electrode and the cathode reflective electrode layer may be electrically connected at a cathode contact surface. The cathode contact surface may cover the entire light-emitting element when viewed in a plan view, so that the cathode reflective electrode layer may form a reflective surface for the light-emitting element.

[0029] The step of patterning the intermediate insulating layer may include the step of providing the intermediate insulating layer within the opening; and the step of etching a portion of the intermediate insulating layer using a halftone mask.

[0030] The light-emitting element may include a lateral chip type light-emitting element. The step of patterning the transparent electrode layer may include a step of arranging the anode transparent electrode layer and the cathode transparent electrode layer directly adjacent to the intermediate insulating layer.

[0031] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a display device with improved luminous efficiency and a method for manufacturing the display device can be provided.

[0032] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a display device and a method of manufacturing the display device can be provided in which the risk of voltage drop in an electrical signal supplied to a light-emitting element is reduced.

[0033] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a display device and a method of manufacturing the display device can be provided with reduced risk of electrical connection failure due to misalignment of a light-emitting element.

[0034] The embodiments are described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings. However, these embodiments may be implemented in various forms and are not limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will sufficiently convey the scope of the embodiments to those skilled in the art.

[0035] Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram showing an embodiment of a display device.

[0036] FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram showing an embodiment of one of the sub-pixels of FIG. 1.

[0037] FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing an embodiment of the display panel of FIG. 1.

[0038] FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the display panel of FIG. 3.

[0039] FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the display panel of FIG. 3.

[0040] Figure 6 is a schematic plan view showing pixels according to an embodiment.

[0041] Figures 7 and 8 are schematic plan views showing pixels in the embodiment.

[0042] Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a sub-pixel according to an embodiment.

[0043] Fig. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting element according to an embodiment.

[0044] Fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing pixels according to an embodiment.

[0045] Fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a sub-pixel according to another embodiment.

[0046] Figures 13 and 14 are schematic plan views for explaining an identification pattern according to an embodiment.

[0047] Fig. 15 is a schematic flowchart showing a method for manufacturing a display device according to an embodiment.

[0048] Fig. 16 is a schematic flowchart showing the steps for manufacturing a display element layer according to an embodiment.

[0049] Figures 17 to 22 are schematic plan views showing the manufacturing method of a display device according to an embodiment, step by step.

[0050] Figures 23 to 31 are schematic cross-sectional views showing the manufacturing method of a display device according to an embodiment, step by step.

[0051] Figure 32 is a schematic block diagram showing an embodiment of a display system.

[0052] Figures 33 to 36 are schematic perspective views showing application examples of the display system of Figure 32.

[0053] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that in the following description, only the parts necessary for understanding the operation of the present invention will be described, and the description of other parts will be omitted so as not to obscure the gist of the present invention. For example, the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be embodied in other forms. However, the embodiments described herein are provided to explain the technical concepts of the present invention in sufficient detail to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to easily implement them.

[0054] Throughout the specification, when a part is said to be "connected" to another part, this includes not only the case where it is "directly connected" but also the case where it is "indirectly connected" with another element in between. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the present invention. Throughout the specification, when a part is said to "comprise" a certain element, this does not exclude other elements unless specifically stated to the contrary, but rather means that other elements can be included. "At least one of X, Y, and Z", and "at least one selected from the group consisting of X, Y, and Z" can be interpreted as one X, one Y, one Z, or any combination of two or more of X, Y, and Z (e.g., XYZ, XYY, YZ, ZZ). Here, "and / or" includes any combination of one or more of the configurations.

[0055] Here, terms such as "first" and "second" may be used to describe various components, but these components are not limited to these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one component from another. Accordingly, a "first component" may refer to a "second component" within the scope disclosed herein.

[0056] Spatially relative terms, such as "below," "above," and the like, may be used for descriptive purposes to describe one element or feature in relation to other elements or features as depicted in the drawings. Spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations during use, operation, and / or manufacturing, in addition to the orientation depicted in the drawings. For example, if a device depicted in the drawings is turned over, elements depicted as being positioned "below" other elements or features are now positioned "above" the other elements or features. Thus, in one embodiment, the term "below" may encompass both above and below. Furthermore, the device may be oriented in other orientations (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative terms used herein are to be interpreted accordingly.

[0057] For example, embodiments of the present disclosure are described with reference to schematic drawings of ideal embodiments (and intermediate structures), and variations in the shapes depicted in the drawings may be expected due to manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Accordingly, the embodiments are not limited to the shapes of specific regions depicted herein, and include shape variations due to manufacturing techniques, etc. The regions depicted in the drawings are schematic, and their shapes do not represent the shapes of actual regions of the device, and do not limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[0058] The present disclosure relates to a display device and a method for manufacturing the display device. Hereinafter, a display device and a method for manufacturing the display device according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the attached drawings.

[0059] Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram showing an embodiment of a display device.

[0060] Referring to FIG. 1, a display device (100) may include a display panel (DP), a gate driver (120), a data driver (130), a voltage generator (140), and a controller (150).

[0061] The display panel (DP) includes sub-pixels (SP). The sub-pixels (SP) can be connected to a gate driver (120) through first to m-th gate lines (GL1 to GLm). The sub-pixels (SP) can be connected to a data driver (130) through first to n-th data lines (DL1 to DLn).

[0062] The sub-pixels (SP) can generate light of two or more colors. For example, each of the sub-pixels (SP) can generate light of red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow, etc.

[0063] Two or more sub-pixels among the sub-pixels (SP) can constitute (or form) one pixel (PXL). For example, the pixel (PXL) can include three sub-pixels as illustrated in FIG. 1. For example, the pixel (PXL) can emit light of various colors and various luminances depending on the combination of light emitted from the sub-pixels included therein.

[0064] The gate driver (120) is connected to the sub-pixels (SP) arranged in the row direction through the first to m-th gate lines (GL1 to GLm). The gate driver (120) can output gate signals to the first to m-th gate lines (GL1 to GLm) in response to a gate control signal (GCS). In embodiments, the gate control signal (GCS) can include a start signal indicating the start of each frame, a horizontal synchronization signal, and the like.

[0065] The gate driver (120) may be arranged on one side of the display panel (DP). However, embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, the gate driver (120) may be divided into two or more drivers that are physically and / or logically separated, and such drivers may be arranged on one side of the display panel (DP) and the other side of the display panel (DP) opposite to the one side. For example, the gate driver (120) may be arranged around the display panel (DP) in various forms according to embodiments.

[0066] The data driver (130) is connected to the sub-pixels (SP) arranged in the column direction through the first to nth data lines (DL1 to DLn). The data driver (130) receives image data (DATA) and a data control signal (DCS) from the controller (150). The data driver (130) operates in response to the data control signal (DCS). In embodiments, the data control signal (DCS) may include a source start signal, a source shift clock, a source output enable signal, etc.

[0067] The data driver (130) can receive voltages from the voltage generator (140). The data driver (130) can use the received voltages to apply data signals having grayscale voltages corresponding to image data (DATA) to the first to n-th data lines (DL1 to DLn). When a gate signal is applied to each of the first to m-th gate lines (GL1 to GLm), data signals corresponding to the image data (DATA) can be applied to the data lines (DL1 to DLm). Accordingly, the sub-pixels (SP) can generate light corresponding to the data signals, and the display panel (DP) can display an image.

[0068] In embodiments, the gate driver (120) and data driver (130) may include complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuit elements.

[0069] The voltage generator (140) can operate in response to a voltage control signal (VCS) from the controller (150). The voltage generator (140) can generate a plurality of voltages and provide the generated voltages to components of the display device (100), such as the gate driver (120), the data driver (130), and the controller (150). The voltage generator (140) can generate a plurality of voltages by receiving an input voltage from the outside of the display device (100) and regulating the received voltage.

[0070] A voltage generator (140) can generate a first power voltage and a second power voltage. The generated first and second power voltages can be provided to the sub-pixels (SP) through power lines (PL). In other embodiments, at least one of the first and second power voltages can be provided from outside the display device (100).

[0071] In addition, the voltage generator (140) can provide various voltages and / or signals. For example, the voltage generator (140) can provide one or more initialization voltages applied to the sub-pixels (SP). For example, during a sensing operation for sensing electrical characteristics of transistors and / or light-emitting elements of the sub-pixels (SP), a predetermined reference voltage can be applied to the first to n-th data lines (DL1 to DLn), and the voltage generator (140) can generate the reference voltage and transmit it to the data driver (130). For example, during a display operation for displaying an image on the display panel (DP), common pixel control signals can be applied to the sub-pixels (SP), and the voltage generator (140) can generate the pixel control signals. In embodiments, the voltage generator (140) can provide pixel control signals to the sub-pixels (SP) through the pixel control lines (PXCL). Although FIG. 1 illustrates that the pixel control lines (PXCL) are connected between the voltage generator (140) and the display panel (DP), embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, the pixel control lines (PXCL) may be connected between the gate driver (120) and the display panel (DP). In this case, pixel control signals may be transmitted from the gate driver (120) to the sub-pixels (SP) through the pixel control lines (PXCL).

[0072] The controller (150) controls all operations of the display device (100). The controller (150) receives input image data (IMG) and a control signal (CTRL) for controlling the input image data (IMG) from the outside. In response to the control signal (CTRL), the controller (150) can provide a gate control signal (GCS), a data control signal (DCS), and a voltage control signal (VCS).

[0073] The controller (150) can convert input image data (IMG) to be suitable for the display device (100) or the display panel (DP) and output image data (DATA). In embodiments, the controller (150) can output image data (DATA) by aligning the input image data (IMG) to be suitable for sub-pixels (SP) in a row unit.

[0074] Two or more components of the data driver (130), the voltage generator (140), and the controller (150) may be mounted on a single integrated circuit. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the data driver (130), the voltage generator (140), and the controller (150) may be included in a driver integrated circuit (DIC). In this case, the data driver (130), the voltage generator (140), and the controller (150) may be functionally separate components within a single driver integrated circuit (DIC). In other embodiments, at least one of the data driver (130), the voltage generator (140), and the controller (150) may be provided as a separate component from the driver integrated circuit (DIC).

[0075] Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram showing an embodiment of one of the sub-pixels of Fig. 1. In Fig. 2, a sub-pixel (SPij) arranged in the ith row (i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to m) and the jth column (j is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n) among the sub-pixels (SP) of Fig. 1 is exemplarily illustrated.

[0076] Referring to FIG. 2, a sub-pixel (SPij) may include a sub-pixel circuit (SPC) and a light-emitting element (LD).

[0077] A light emitting element (LD) may be connected between a first power supply voltage node (VDDN) and a second power supply voltage node (VSSN). The first power supply voltage node (VDDN) may be connected to one of the power supply lines (PL) of FIG. 1 and may receive a first power supply voltage. The second power supply voltage node (VSSN) may be connected to another of the power supply lines (PL) of FIG. 1 and may receive a second power supply voltage. The first power supply voltage may have a higher voltage level than the second power supply voltage.

[0078] A light emitting element (LD) may be connected between an anode electrode (AE) and a cathode electrode (CE). The anode electrode (AE) may be connected to a first power voltage node (VDDN) through a sub-pixel circuit (SPC). For example, the anode electrode (AE) may be connected to the first power voltage node (VDDN) through one or more transistors included in the sub-pixel circuit (SPC). The cathode electrode (CE) may be connected to a second power voltage node (VSSN). The light emitting element (LD) may emit light according to a current flowing from the anode electrode (AE) to the cathode electrode (CE).

[0079] The sub-pixel circuit (SPC) may be connected to the i-th gate line (GLi) among the first to m-th gate lines (GL1 to GLm) of FIG. 1 and to the j-th data line (DLj) among the first to n-th data lines (DL1 to DLn) of FIG. 1. In response to a gate signal received through the i-th gate line (GLi), the sub-pixel circuit (SPC) controls the light-emitting element (LD) to emit light according to a data signal received through the j-th data line (DLj). In embodiments, the sub-pixel circuit (SPC) may be further connected to the pixel control lines (PXCL) of FIG. 1. In this case, the sub-pixel circuit (SPC) may further control the light-emitting element (LD) in response to pixel control signals received through the pixel control lines (PXCL).

[0080] For these operations, a sub-pixel circuit (SPC) may include circuit elements, such as transistors and one or more capacitors.

[0081] The transistors of the sub-pixel circuit (SPC) may include P-type transistors and / or N-type transistors. In embodiments, the transistors of the sub-pixel circuit (SPC) may include MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Silicon Field Effect Transistors). In embodiments, the transistors of the sub-pixel circuit (SPC) may include amorphous silicon semiconductors, monocrystalline silicon semiconductors, polycrystalline silicon semiconductors, oxide semiconductors, and the like.

[0082] FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing an embodiment of the display panel of FIG. 1.

[0083] Referring to FIG. 3, a display panel (DP) may include a display area (DA) and a non-display area (NDA). The display panel (DP) may display an image through the display area (DA). The non-display area (NDA) may be positioned around the display area (DA).

[0084] A display panel (DP) may include sub-pixels (SP) in a display area (DA). The sub-pixels (SP) may be arranged along a first direction (DR1) and a second direction (DR2) intersecting the first direction (DR1). For example, the sub-pixels (SP) may be arranged in a matrix form along the first direction (DR1) and the second direction (DR2). As another example, the sub-pixels (SP) may be arranged in a zigzag form along the first direction (DR1) and the second direction (DR2). The arrangement of the sub-pixels (SP) may vary depending on embodiments. The first direction (DR1) may be a row direction, and the second direction (DR2) may be a column direction.

[0085] Among the plurality of sub-pixels (SP), two or more sub-pixels can constitute one pixel (PXL). In FIG. 3, the pixel (PXL) is illustrated as including three sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3), but the embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, the pixel (PXL) may include two sub-pixels. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, it is assumed that the pixel (PXL) includes first to third sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3).

[0086] Each of the first to third sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3) can generate light of one of various colors, such as red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow, etc. Hereinafter, for the sake of clarity and concise explanation, it is assumed that the first sub-pixel (SP1) generates red color light, the second sub-pixel (SP2) generates green color light, and the third sub-pixel (SP3) generates blue color light.

[0087] Each of the first to third sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3) may include at least one light-emitting element that generates light. In embodiments, the light-emitting elements of the first to third sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3) may generate light of the same color. For example, the light-emitting elements of the first to third sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3) may generate blue light. In other embodiments, the light-emitting elements of the first to third sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3) may generate light of different colors. For example, the light-emitting elements of the first to third sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3) may generate red light, green light, and blue light, respectively.

[0088] As a display panel (DP), a self-luminous display panel such as a light-emitting diode display panel (LED display panel) that uses micro-scale or nano-scale inorganic light-emitting diodes as light-emitting elements can be used.

[0089] Components for controlling sub-pixels (SP) may be arranged in the non-display area (NDA). Wires connected to the sub-pixels (SP), for example, the first to m-th gate lines (GL1 to GLm), the first to n-th data lines (DL1 to DLn), power lines (PL), and pixel control lines (PXCL) of FIG. 1, may be arranged in the non-display area (NDA).

[0090] At least one of the gate driver (120), the data driver (130), the voltage generator (140), and the controller (150) of FIG. 1 may be disposed in a non-display area (NDA) of the display panel (DP). In embodiments, the gate driver (120) may be disposed in the non-display area (NDA). In this case, the data driver (130), the voltage generator (140), and the controller (150) may be implemented as a driver integrated circuit (DIC) of FIG. 1 that is separate from the display panel (DP), and the driver integrated circuit (DIC) may be connected to wires disposed in the non-display area (NDA). In other embodiments, the gate driver (120) may be implemented as a single integrated circuit that is separate from the display panel (DP) together with the data driver (130), the voltage generator (140), and the controller (150).

[0091] In embodiments, the display area (DA) may have various shapes. The display area (DA) may have the shape of a closed loop including straight and / or curved edges. For example, the display area (DA) may have shapes such as a polygon, circle, semicircle, or ellipse.

[0092] In some embodiments, the display panel (DP) may have a flat display surface. In other embodiments, the display panel (DP) may have an at least partially rounded display surface. In some embodiments, the display panel (DP) may be bendable, foldable, or rollable. In such cases, the display panel (DP) and / or the substrate of the display panel (DP) may include materials having flexible properties.

[0093] FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the display panel of FIG. 3.

[0094] Referring to FIG. 4, the display panel (DP) may include a substrate (SUB), and a pixel circuit layer (PCL), a display element layer (DPL), and a light functional layer (LFL) that are sequentially laminated in a third direction (DR3) intersecting the first and second directions (DR1, DR2) on the substrate (SUB).

[0095] The substrate (SUB) may be made of an insulating material such as glass or resin. For example, the substrate (SUB) may include a glass substrate. As another example, the substrate (SUB) may include a polyimide (PI) substrate. As yet another example, the substrate (SUB) may include a silicon wafer substrate formed through a semiconductor process.

[0096] In embodiments, the substrate (SUB) may be made of a flexible material that is bendable or foldable, and may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. For example, the flexible material may include at least one of polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethersulfone, polyacrylate, polyetherimide, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polyimide, polycarbonate, triacetate cellulose, and cellulose acetate propionate. However, the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0097] A pixel circuit layer (PCL) may be arranged on a substrate (SUB). The pixel circuit layer (PCL) may include insulating layers and semiconductor patterns and conductive patterns arranged between the insulating layers. The conductive patterns of the pixel circuit layer (PCL) may function as circuit elements, wirings, etc.

[0098] The circuit elements of the pixel circuit layer (PCL) may include sub-pixel circuits (SPC, see FIG. 2) of each of the sub-pixels (SP) of FIG. 3. For example, the circuit elements of the pixel circuit layer (PCL) may be provided (or formed) with transistors and one or more capacitors of the sub-pixel circuit (SPC).

[0099] The wiring of the pixel circuit layer (PCL) may include wiring connected to each of the sub-pixels (SP). The wiring of the pixel circuit layer (PCL) may include various signal lines and / or voltage lines necessary to drive the display element layer (DPL).

[0100] A display element layer (DPL) may be arranged on a pixel circuit layer (PCL). The display element layer (DPL) may include light-emitting elements of sub-pixels (SP).

[0101] A light-functional layer (LFL) may be disposed on a display element layer (DPL). The light-functional layer (LFL) may include light-converting patterns having color-converting particles and / or scattering particles. For example, the color-converting particles may include quantum dots. The quantum dots may change the wavelength (or color) of light emitted from the display element layer (DPL). In embodiments, the light-converting patterns may be omitted.

[0102] The light function layer (LFL) may further include a color filter layer including color filters. The color filter may selectively transmit light of a specific wavelength (or color). In embodiments, the color filter layer may be omitted.

[0103] A window may be provided (or arranged) on a light-functional layer (LFL) to protect an exposed surface (or upper surface) of a display panel (DP). The window may protect the display panel (DP) from external impact. The window may be bonded to the light-functional layer (LFL) via an optically transparent adhesive (or bonding) member. The window may have a multilayer structure selected from a glass substrate, a plastic film, and a plastic substrate. This multilayer structure may be formed by a continuous process or an adhesive process using an adhesive layer. All or a portion of the window may be flexible.

[0104] FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the display panel of FIG. 3.

[0105] Referring to FIG. 5, the display panel (DP') may include a substrate (SUB), a pixel circuit layer (PCL), a display element layer (DPL), an input sensing layer (ISL), and a light function layer (LFL). The substrate (SUB), the pixel circuit layer (PCL), the display element layer (DPL), and the light function layer (LFL) are formed similarly to the substrate (SUB), the pixel circuit layer (PCL), the display element layer (DPL), and the light function layer (LFL) described with reference to FIG. 4. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, redundant descriptions are omitted.

[0106] An input sensing layer (ISL) can detect user input on the upper surface (or display surface) of a display panel (DP'). The input sensing layer (ISL) may include configurations suitable for detecting external objects, such as a user's hand or pen. For example, the input sensing layer (ISL) may include touch electrodes.

[0107] Hereinafter, a display device (DD) including a display panel (DP) according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 14. For convenience of explanation, any content that may overlap with the above-described content will be briefly described or not repeated.

[0108] Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view showing pixels according to an embodiment. Fig. 6 schematically illustrates adjacent pixels (PXL) within a display area (DA).

[0109] Figures 7 and 8 are schematic plan views illustrating pixels in an embodiment. Figures 7 and 8 schematically illustrate one of the pixels (PXL). Figures 7 and 8 each illustrate configurations arranged within the same area of ​​the display area (DA). By combining Figures 7 and 8, the planar arrangement relationship between configurations arranged within one area will be clearly understood.

[0110] Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a sub-pixel according to an embodiment. Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along lines A to A' of Figs. 7 and 8. Fig. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting element according to an embodiment. Fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing pixels according to an embodiment. Fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along lines B to B' of Figs. 7 and 8. Fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a sub-pixel according to another embodiment.

[0111] Figures 13 and 14 are schematic plan views illustrating an identification pattern according to an embodiment. For convenience of explanation, Figures 13 and 14 schematically illustrate an area corresponding to the planar structure described above with reference to Figures 6 and 7.

[0112] Referring to FIG. 6, pixels (PXL) within the display area (DA) may be adjacent along the first direction (DR1) and the second direction (DR2).

[0113] In some embodiments, at least some of the electrodes included in each of the pixels (PXL) may be connected (e.g., electrically connected) to each other.

[0114] The pixels (PXL) (or display device (DD)) may include an anode electrode (AE) and a cathode electrode (CE), and may further include a contact portion (CNT).

[0115] The anode electrode (AE) and the cathode electrode (CE) may be arranged (or formed) in the same layer and may include the same conductive material. In some embodiments, the anode electrode (AE) and the cathode electrode (CE) may include a transparent conductive material. For example, the transparent conductive material may include one or more of the group consisting of silver nanowires (AgNW), indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), antimony zinc oxide (AZO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO2), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene. However, the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0116] The anode electrode (AE) and the cathode electrode (CE) may be electrically separated from each other within the display area (DA). For example, the anode electrode (AE) and the cathode electrode (CE) may be formed by the same process, but may be physically separated from each other.

[0117] An anode electrode (AE) and a cathode electrode (CE) may be defined in each of the pixels (PXL). For example, at least a portion of the cathode electrode (CE) may be disposed in each of the pixels (PXL), and at least a portion of the anode electrode (AE) may be disposed in each of the pixels (PXL).

[0118] The anode electrode (AE) may include a first anode electrode (AE1), a second anode electrode (AE2), and a third anode electrode (AE3). The first anode electrode (AE1), the second anode electrode (AE2), and the third anode electrode (AE3) may be included in each of the pixels (PXL).

[0119] The first anode electrode (AE1), the second anode electrode (AE2), and the third anode electrode (AE3) may be spaced apart from each other. The first anode electrode (AE1) may be included in the first sub-pixel (SP1). The second anode electrode (AE2) may be included in the second sub-pixel (SP2). The third anode electrode (AE3) may be included in the third sub-pixel (SP3).

[0120] Each of the first anode electrode (AE1), the second anode electrode (AE2), and the third anode electrode (AE3) may have an isolated island shape and may be surrounded by the cathode electrode (CE). The first anode electrode (AE1), the second anode electrode (AE2), and the third anode electrode (AE3) may be sequentially arranged along the first direction (DR1).

[0121] The anode electrode (AE) can be connected (e.g., electrically connected) to a circuit element of a pixel circuit layer (PCL) via a contact portion (CNT). The contact portion (CNT) can overlap the anode electrode (AE) when viewed in a plan view. The contact portion (CNT) can include a first contact portion (CNT1) connected (e.g., electrically connected) to a first anode electrode (AE1) and forming a first sub-pixel (SP1), a second contact portion (CNT2) connected (e.g., electrically connected) to a second anode electrode (AE2) and forming a second sub-pixel (SP2), and a third contact portion (CNT3) connected (e.g., electrically connected) to a third anode electrode (AE3) and forming a third sub-pixel (SP3).

[0122] The cathode electrode (CE) may include a base cathode electrode (CE_B) and a bridge cathode electrode (CE_BR) that are integral with each other. The base cathode electrode (CE_B) may be arranged (or extended) across the pixels (PXL) along the first direction (DR1). For example, a part of the base cathode electrode (CE_B) may form the cathode electrode (CE) of one pixel (PXL), and another part of the base cathode electrode (CE_B) may form the cathode electrode (CE) of another pixel (PXL).

[0123] The base cathode electrode (CE_B) and the bridge cathode electrode (CE_BR) may be integral with each other and may be connected to each other (e.g., electrically connected). The base cathode electrode (CE_B) and the bridge cathode electrode (CE_BR) may form a potential corresponding to the second power supply voltage.

[0124] The base cathode electrode (CE_B) may have a wide and flat shape. For example, the base cathode electrode (CE_B) may cover a wide area within the pixel (PXL) and may have a wider width than the bridge cathode electrode (CE_BR) and the anode electrode (AE).

[0125] The bridge cathode electrode (CE_BR) may have a narrow width. For example, the bridge cathode electrode (CE_BR) may be disposed between anode electrodes (AE) that are adjacent to each other (e.g., adjacent to each other in the first direction (DR1)).

[0126] According to an embodiment, the cathode electrode (CE) may be arranged in a mesh form, thereby forming a cathode connection structure that supplies an electrical signal of a cathode potential to each of the pixels (PXL). For example, a part of the cathode electrode (CE) may extend in a first direction (DR1), and another part of the cathode electrode (CE) may extend in a second direction (DR2). For example, the base cathode electrode (CE_B) may extend in the first direction (DR1), and the bridge cathode electrode (CE_BR) may extend in the second direction (DR2).

[0127] According to an embodiment, a cathode signal may be supplied to a light-emitting element (LD) via a base cathode electrode (CE_B). As previously discussed, the base cathode electrode (CE_B) may form an expanded area. Accordingly, the risk of excessive resistance of the cathode electrode (CE) may be reduced, and thus the risk of voltage drop in an electrical signal supplied to the light-emitting element (LD) may be reduced.

[0128] Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 7 to 11, a structure for forming a display device (DD) according to one embodiment will be described.

[0129] Referring to FIGS. 7 to 11, a pixel (PXL) may include first to third sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3). The first to third sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3) may be arranged in various ways. For example, the first to third sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3) may be arranged sequentially along the first direction (DR1). However, the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0130] A pixel (PXL) (or display device (DD)) may include layers arranged adjacent to a light emitting element (LD). For example, the pixel (PXL) (or display device (DD)) may include an anode electrode (AE), a contact portion (CNT), a cathode electrode (CE), a bank (BNK), a middle insulating layer (MDL), reflective electrode layers (RE_A, RE_C), and transparent electrode layers (TCE_A, TCE_C).

[0131] The anode electrode (AE) may be disposed adjacent to the cathode electrode (CE). For example, the anode electrode (AE) may be adjacent to a portion of the cathode electrode (CE) in a second direction (DR2). The first anode electrode (AE1) may overlap a portion of the base cathode electrode (CE_B) overlapping the first sub-pixel (SP1) along the second direction (DR2). The second anode electrode (AE2) may overlap a portion of the base cathode electrode (CE_B) overlapping the second sub-pixel (SP2) along the second direction (DR2). The third anode electrode (AE3) may overlap a portion of the base cathode electrode (CE_B) overlapping the third sub-pixel (SP3) along the second direction (DR2). For example, the anode electrode (AE) may be adjacent to another portion of the cathode electrode (CE) in the first direction (DR1). Each of the first to third anode electrodes (AE1 to AE3) can be disposed between bridge cathode electrodes (CE_BR) adjacent to each other in the first direction (DR1).

[0132] The anode electrode (AE) may overlap the bank (BNK) when viewed in plan. At least a portion of the anode electrode (AE) may be exposed by the bank (BNK) when viewed in plan.

[0133] The plane defined in this specification may be defined based on a plane on which the substrate (SUB) is placed, as a direction extending in a first direction (DR1) and a second direction (DR2). Depending on the embodiment, the third direction (DR3) may be a thickness direction of the substrate (SUB), and the third direction (DR3) may be a light emission direction of the display device (DD).

[0134] In some embodiments, the contact portion (CNT) electrically connecting the anode electrode (AE) and the circuit elements of the pixel circuit layer (PCL) may not overlap the bank (BNK) when viewed in a plan view. However, the embodiments are not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the contact portion (CNT) may overlap the bank (BNK) when viewed in a plan view.

[0135] In some embodiments, the anode electrode (AE) may be spaced apart from the intermediate insulating layer (MDL). For example, the anode electrode (AE) may not overlap the intermediate insulating layer (MDL) when viewed in a plan view. For example, the anode electrode (AE) may be spaced apart from the intermediate insulating layer (MDL) in a second direction (DR2) when viewed in a plan view.

[0136] According to an embodiment, the anode electrode (AE) may be spaced apart from the light-emitting element (LD). For example, the anode electrode (AE) may not overlap the light-emitting element (LD) when viewed in a plan view. For example, the anode electrode (AE) may be spaced apart from the light-emitting element (LD) in a second direction (DR2) when viewed in a plan view.

[0137] The cathode electrode (CE) may overlap with the bank (BNK) when viewed in a plan view. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the cathode electrode (CE) may be exposed by the bank (BNK). For example, a portion of the base cathode electrode (CE_B) may be covered by the bank (BNK), and a portion of the base cathode electrode (CE_B) may be exposed by the bank (BNK). The bridge cathode electrode (CE_BR) may be covered by the bank (BNK). In some embodiments, the bridge cathode electrode (CE_BR) may be covered (e.g., entirely covered) by the bank (BNK).

[0138] In some embodiments, the cathode electrode (CE) may overlap the intermediate insulating layer (MDL) when viewed in plan view. For example, a portion of the cathode electrode (CE) exposed by the bank (BNK) (or not overlapping with the bank (BNK)) may be covered by the intermediate insulating layer (MDL).

[0139] In some embodiments, the cathode electrode (CE) may overlap the light-emitting element (LD) when viewed in a plan view. For example, a portion of the cathode electrode (CE) exposed by the bank (BNK) (or not overlapping with the bank (BNK)) may be covered by the light-emitting element (LD).

[0140] The bank (BNK) can cover the anode electrode (AE) and the cathode electrode (CE), and the bank (BNK) can expose at least a portion of each of the anode electrode (AE) and the cathode electrode (CE). The bank (BNK) can form (or include) an opening (OP). The bank (BNK) can protrude in the thickness direction of the substrate (SUB) (e.g., in the third direction (DR3)) and can surround an area.

[0141] The bank (BNK) may include various materials. For example, the bank (BNK) may include an organic material. In some embodiments, the bank (BNK) may include one or more of the following: acrylic resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, polyamide resin, and polyimide resin. However, the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0142] A bank (BNK) can define an area in which a light-emitting element (LD) is placed. For example, the bank (BNK) can surround an area in which a light-emitting element (LD) is placed. In some embodiments, the area surrounded by the bank (BNK) can correspond to an emission area (EMA) defined by the light-emitting element (LD).

[0143] A bank (BNK) may define an area in which a middle dielectric layer (MDL) is placed. For example, a bank (BNK) may surround an area in which a middle dielectric layer (MDL) is placed.

[0144] The intermediate insulating layer (MDL) may be positioned within the area surrounded by the bank (BNK). The intermediate insulating layer (MDL) may be positioned within the opening (OP). For convenience of explanation, in Fig. 13 and the related plan view, the location of the intermediate insulating layer (MDL) is represented by a dotted box.

[0145] The intermediate insulating layer (MDL) may overlap the cathode electrode (CE) when viewed in plan view. The intermediate insulating layer (MDL) may not overlap the bridge cathode electrode (CE_BR) when viewed in plan view. The intermediate insulating layer (MDL) may not overlap the anode electrode (AE) when viewed in plan view.

[0146] The intermediate insulating layer (MDL) can overlap the light emitting element (LD) when viewed in a plan view. The intermediate insulating layer (MDL) can cover (e.g., completely cover) the light emitting element (LD) when viewed in a plan view. The intermediate insulating layer (MDL) can be adjacent (e.g., directly adjacent) to the light emitting element (LD). For example, the intermediate insulating layer (MDL) can fill a space within the opening (OP) where the light emitting element (LD) is not positioned.

[0147] The intermediate insulating layer (MDL) may include first to third intermediate insulating layers separated to correspond to each sub-pixel (SP). Accordingly, each of the intermediate insulating layers (MDL) may be provided with openings (OP) corresponding to (or overlapping with) each of the first to third sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3).

[0148] The intermediate insulating layer (MDL) may include various materials. For example, the intermediate insulating layer (MDL) may include an organic material. In some embodiments, the intermediate insulating layer (MDL) may include one or more of the following: acrylic resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, polyamide resin, and polyimide resin. However, the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0149] The reflective electrode layers (RE_A, RE_C) may be arranged adjacent to the bottom surface (or lower surface) of the light-emitting element (LD). In some embodiments, the reflective electrode layers (RE_A, RE_C) may overlap the light-emitting element (LD) when viewed in a plan view.

[0150] The reflective electrode layers (RE_A, RE_C) may include an anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) and a cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C). The anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) and the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) may be electrically isolated from each other within the display area (DA). The anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) and the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) may be formed by the same process, but may be physically separated from each other. The anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) and the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) may be disposed (or formed) within the same layer, and may include the same reflective material.

[0151] The reflective electrode layers (RE_A, RE_C) may include a reflective material and form a reflective wall (or reflective surface). For example, the reflective material may include one or more of the group consisting of gold (Au), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), copper (Cu), and platinum (Pt). However, the embodiments are not limited thereto. Since the reflective electrode layers (RE_A, RE_C) include a reflective material, a light recycling structure may be formed, and the light emission efficiency of the light emitting element (LD) may be improved.

[0152] The anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) may include a first anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A1), a second anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A2), and a third anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A3). The first anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A1), the second anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A2), and the third anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A3) may be spaced apart from each other. The first anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A1) may be included in the first sub-pixel (SP1). The second anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A2) may be included in the second sub-pixel (SP2). The third anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A3) may be included in the third sub-pixel (SP3).

[0153] Each of the first anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A1), the second anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A2), and the third anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A3) may have an isolated island shape. The first anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A1), the second anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A2), and the third anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A3) may be sequentially arranged along the first direction (DR1).

[0154] The anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) may overlap with the anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) when viewed in a plan view. The anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) may not overlap with the cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) when viewed in a plan view.

[0155] The anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) may be spaced apart from the light emitting element (LD). For example, the anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) may not overlap the light emitting element (LD) when viewed in a plan view.

[0156] The cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) may include a first cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C1), a second cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C2), and a third cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C3). The first cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C1), the second cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C2), and the third cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C3) may be spaced apart from each other. The first cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C1) may be included in the first sub-pixel (SP1). The second cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C2) may be included in the second sub-pixel (SP2). The third cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C3) may be included in the third sub-pixel (SP3).

[0157] Each of the first cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C1), the second cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C2), and the third cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C3) may have an isolated island shape. The first cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C1), the second cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C2), and the third cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C3) may be sequentially arranged along the first direction (DR1).

[0158] In some embodiments, the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) may cover a wide area. For example, the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) may have a wide and flat shape. The cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) may include a wide overlapping area with the base cathode electrode (CE_B).

[0159] The cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) may overlap the anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) and the cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) when viewed in a plan view. The cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) may overlap the light emitting element (LD) when viewed in a plan view. In some embodiments, the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) may cover (e.g., entirely cover) the light emitting element (LD) when viewed in a plan view.

[0160] According to an embodiment, the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) may form a reflective surface on the lower surface (or bottom surface) of the light-emitting element (LD). The reflective surface may include a main surface facing the light-emitting direction of the display device (DD). Accordingly, the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) may form a light recycling structure.

[0161] The cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) can be connected (e.g., electrically connected) to the cathode electrode (CE), and the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) can form a potential corresponding to a second power supply voltage and supply a cathode signal. The cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) can also have a flat shape, and thus can have a small resistance, and the risk of voltage drop within the display area (DA) can be reduced.

[0162] The transparent electrode layers (TCE_A, TCE_C) may be arranged adjacent to the top surface (or upper surface) of the light emitting element (LD). In some embodiments, the transparent electrode layers (TCE_A, TCE_C) may overlap the light emitting element (LD) when viewed in a plan view. The transparent electrode layers (TCE_A, TCE_C) may be adjacent (e.g., directly adjacent) to the middle insulating layer (MDL).

[0163] The transparent electrode layers (TCE_A, TCE_C) may include an anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) and a cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C). The anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) and the cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) may be electrically isolated from each other within the display area (DA). The anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) and the cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) may be formed by the same process, but may be physically separated from each other. The anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) and the cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) may be disposed within the same layer, and may include the same transparent conductive material. For example, the transparent conductive material may include one or more of the group consisting of silver nanowires (AgNW), indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), antimony zinc oxide (AZO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO2), carbon nanotubes, and graphene. However, the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0164] The anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) may include a first anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A1), a second anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A2), and a third anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A3). The first anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A1), the second anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A2), and the third anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A3) may be spaced apart from each other. The first anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A1) may be included in the first sub-pixel (SP1). The second anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A2) may be included in the second sub-pixel (SP2). The third anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A3) may be included in the third sub-pixel (SP3).

[0165] Each of the first anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A1), the second anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A2), and the third anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A3) may have an isolated island shape. The first anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A1), the second anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A2), and the third anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A3) may be sequentially arranged along the first direction (DR1).

[0166] The anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) can overlap with the light-emitting element (LD) when viewed in a planar view. The anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) can be connected (e.g., electrically connected) to the anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) and can be connected (e.g., electrically connected) to the light-emitting element (LD).

[0167] The cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) can overlap with the light-emitting element (LD) when viewed in a planar view. The cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) can be connected (e.g., electrically connected) to the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) and can be connected (e.g., electrically connected) to the light-emitting element (LD).

[0168] The cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) may include a first cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C1) and a second cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C2). The first cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C1) may extend along a first direction (DR1) and may be arranged (or extended) across the first to third sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3) along the first direction (DR1). The second cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C2) may extend along a second direction (DR2) and may be arranged (or extended) across different pixels (PXL) that are adjacent along the second direction (DR2). The second cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C2) may be arranged between adjacent anode transparent electrodes (TCE_A).

[0169] The light emitting elements (LD) may include inorganic light emitting diodes. However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0170] The light emitting elements (LD) may include a first light emitting element (LD1) included in a first sub-pixel (SP1), a second light emitting element (LD2) included in a second sub-pixel (SP2), and a third light emitting element (LD3) included in a third sub-pixel (SP3).

[0171] For convenience of explanation, FIG. 9 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a display device (DD) based on a first sub-pixel (SP1). However, the features of the display device (DD) according to the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 9 may be equally applicable to other sub-pixels (SP).

[0172] Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, a pixel circuit layer (PCL), a display element layer (DPL), and a light function layer (LFL) can be sequentially arranged on a substrate (SUB).

[0173] A pixel circuit layer (PCL) may include insulating layers, semiconductor patterns, and conductive patterns stacked on a substrate (SUB). The insulating layers may include a buffer layer (BFL), one or more interlayer insulating layers (ILD), and one or more passivation layers (PSV1, PSV2). The semiconductor patterns and conductive patterns may be positioned between the insulating layers. The conductive patterns may include at least one material selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), aluminum neodymium (AlNd), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), and silver (Ag).

[0174] As described with reference to FIG. 2, each of the first to third sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3) may include a sub-pixel circuit (SPC, see FIG. 2) including transistors and one or more capacitors. Semiconductor patterns and conductive patterns of the pixel circuit layer (PCL) may function as transistors and capacitors of the sub-pixel circuit (SPC). For example, the conductive patterns of the pixel circuit layer (PCL) may further function as wirings, for example, the first to m-th gate lines (GL1 to GLm), the first to n-th data lines (DL1 to DLn), the power lines (PL), and the pixel control lines (PXCL) of FIG. 1.

[0175] A buffer layer (BFL) may be disposed on one surface of a substrate (SUB). The buffer layer (BFL) may prevent impurities from diffusing (or permeating) into circuit elements and wirings included in a pixel circuit layer (PCL). The buffer layer (BFL) may include an inorganic insulating layer including an inorganic material. In embodiments, the buffer layer (BFL) may include at least one of a metal oxide such as silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy), and aluminum oxide (AlOx). The buffer layer (BFL) may be provided (or formed) as a single layer or multiple layers. When the buffer layer (BFL) is provided (or formed) as multiple layers, each layer may be formed of the same material or different materials.

[0176] In embodiments, one or more barrier layers may be disposed between the substrate (SUB) and the buffer layer (BFL). Each of the barrier layers may comprise polyimide.

[0177] A transistor (T_SP) may be placed on the buffer layer (BFL). The transistor (T_SP) may be any one of the transistors of a sub-pixel circuit (SPC) included in a sub-pixel (SP).

[0178] A transistor (T_SP) may include a semiconductor pattern (SCP), a gate electrode (GE), a first terminal (ET1), and a second terminal (ET2). The first terminal (ET1) may be either a source electrode or a drain electrode, and the second terminal (ET2) may be the other of the source electrode and the drain electrode. For example, the first terminal (ET1) may be a source electrode, and the second terminal (ET2) may be a drain electrode.

[0179] A semiconductor pattern (SCP) may be disposed on a buffer layer (BFL). The semiconductor pattern (SCP) may include a first contact region contacting a first terminal (ET1) and a second contact region contacting a second terminal (ET2). A region between the first contact region and the second contact region may be a channel region. The channel region may overlap a gate electrode (GE) of a transistor (T_SP). The channel region may be a semiconductor pattern that is not doped with impurities and may be an intrinsic semiconductor. The first contact region and the second contact region may be semiconductor patterns doped with impurities. For example, a p-type impurity may be used as the impurity, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0180] The semiconductor pattern (SCP) may include any one of various types of semiconductors, for example, an amorphous silicon semiconductor, a monocrystalline silicon semiconductor, a polycrystalline silicon semiconductor, a low temperature poly silicon (LTPS) semiconductor, and an oxide semiconductor.

[0181] Interlayer insulating layers (ILDs) may be sequentially stacked on a semiconductor pattern (SCP). The interlayer insulating layers (ILDs) may be inorganic insulating layers including an inorganic material. For example, each of the interlayer insulating layers (ILDs) may include at least one of a metal oxide such as silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy), and aluminum oxide (AlOx). However, the interlayer insulating layers (ILDs) are not limited thereto. For example, any one of the interlayer insulating layers (ILDs) may include an organic insulating layer including an organic material.

[0182] Interlayer insulating layers (ILDs) can electrically isolate conductive patterns and / or semiconductor patterns disposed between the interlayer insulating layers (ILDs). For example, the interlayer insulating layers (ILDs) can include a gate insulating layer (GI) disposed on a semiconductor pattern (SCP). The gate insulating layer (GI) can be disposed between the semiconductor pattern (SCP) and the gate electrode (GE) such that the gate electrode (GE) can be spaced apart from the semiconductor pattern (SCP). In embodiments, the gate insulating layer (GI) can be provided (e.g., provided entirely) on the semiconductor pattern (SCP) and the buffer layer (BFL) to cover the semiconductor pattern (SCP) and the buffer layer (BFL). As the number of layers required for the conductive patterns and / or semiconductor patterns increases, the number of interlayer insulating layers (ILDs) can increase.

[0183] A gate electrode (GE) may be disposed on a gate insulating layer (GI). The gate electrode (GE) may overlap a channel region of a semiconductor pattern (SCP). In embodiments, the gate electrode (GE) may be provided (or formed) as a single layer including at least one material selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), aluminum neodymium (AlNd), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), and silver (Ag). In embodiments, the gate electrode (GE) may be provided (or formed) as a multilayer including at least one material selected from the group consisting of molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), and silver (Ag), which are low-resistance materials.

[0184] The first and second terminals (ET1, ET2) may be disposed on interlayer insulating layers (ILD). The first and second terminals (ET1, ET2) may contact a semiconductor pattern (SCP) through contact holes penetrating the interlayer insulating layers (ILD). The first and second terminals (ET1, ET2) may contact first and second contact areas of the semiconductor pattern (SCP), respectively. Each of the first and second terminals (ET1, ET2) may include at least one material selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), aluminum neodymium (AlNd), titanium (Ti), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), and silver (Ag).

[0185] Although the first and second terminals (ET1, ET2) are illustrated as separate electrodes connected (e.g., electrically connected) to the semiconductor pattern (SCP), embodiments are not limited thereto. In embodiments, the first terminal (ET1) may be a first contact region adjacent to one side of a channel region of the semiconductor pattern (SCP), and the second terminal (ET2) may be a second contact region adjacent to the other side of the channel region. In this case, the first terminal (ET1) may be connected (e.g., electrically connected) to the light emitting element (LD) via a connecting means, such as a bridge electrode, disposed on at least one of the interlayer insulating layers (ILD).

[0186] In embodiments, the transistor (T_SP) may be formed of a low-temperature polysilicon transistor. However, the embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, the transistor (T_SP) may also be formed of an oxide semiconductor transistor. In embodiments, the sub-pixel circuit (SPC) of the first sub-pixel (SP1) may include transistors of different types. For example, the transistor (T_SP) may be formed of a low-temperature polysilicon transistor, and the other transistors of the first sub-pixel (SP1) may be formed of oxide semiconductor transistors. In this case, the oxide semiconductor of the oxide semiconductor transistor may be formed on any one of the interlayer insulating layers (ILD) other than the insulating layer on which the semiconductor pattern (SCP) of the transistor (T_SP) is formed.

[0187] In the embodiments, the transistor (T_SP) is described as a transistor having a top gate structure, but the embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, the transistor (T_SP) may be a transistor having a bottom gate structure. For example, the structure of the transistor (T_SP) may be changed in various ways.

[0188] At least some of the various wirings of the display panel (DP) and / or display device (DD) may be further arranged on the interlayer insulating layers (ILD).

[0189] A first passivation layer (PSV1) may be disposed on the transistors (T_SP). The passivation layer may function as a protective layer or a via layer. The first passivation layer (PSV1) protects components disposed thereunder and may provide a flat top surface (or a flat upper surface).

[0190] A connection pattern (CP) may be arranged on the first passivation layer (PSV1). The connection pattern (CP) may penetrate the first passivation layer (PSV1) and be connected to the first terminal (ET1) of the transistor (T_SP). The connection pattern (CP) may include at least one material selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), aluminum neodymium (AlNd), titanium (Ti), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), and silver (Ag).

[0191] At least some of the various wires of the display panel (DP) and / or the display device (DD) may be further arranged on the first passivation layer (PSV1).

[0192] A second passivation layer (PSV2) may be disposed on the connection pattern (CP) and the first passivation layer (PSV1). The second passivation layer (PSV2) may protect components disposed thereunder and provide a flat upper surface (or a flat upper surface).

[0193] Each of the first and second passivation layers (PSV1, PSV2) may include an inorganic insulating layer including an inorganic material and / or an organic insulating layer including an organic material. The inorganic insulating layer may include, for example, at least one of a metal oxide such as silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy), and aluminum oxide (AlOx). The organic insulating layer may include, for example, at least one of an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, a polyamide resin, a polyimide resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, a polyphenylene ether resin, a polyphenylene sulfide resin, and a benzocyclobutene resin.

[0194] The first and second passivation layers (PSV1, PSV2) and the interlayer insulating layers (ILD) may comprise the same material, but embodiments are not limited thereto. Each of the first and second passivation layers (PSV1, PSV2) may be provided (or formed) as a single layer, but may also be provided (or formed) as multiple layers.

[0195] A display element layer (DPL) may be disposed on the second passivation layer (PSV2). The display element layer (DPL) may include an anode electrode (AE), a cathode electrode (CE), a bank (BNK), a reflective electrode layer (RE_A, RE_C), a light emitting element (LD), a middle insulating layer (MDL), a transparent electrode layer (TCE_A, TCE_C), and a capping layer (CPL).

[0196] The anode electrode (AE) and the cathode electrode (CE) may be spaced apart from each other to form an anode signal path and a cathode signal path, respectively. The anode electrode (AE) may be connected (e.g., electrically connected) to the transistor (T_SP) through a contact portion (CNT) penetrating a portion of the second passivation layer (PSV2).

[0197] The cathode electrode (CE) can have a more extended shape than the anode electrode (AE) and can cover a wider area. As previously discussed, the cathode electrode (CE) can cover (e.g., cover the entire surface) of the light-emitting element (LD), thereby forming a light recycling structure.

[0198] The bank (BNK) may cover a portion of the anode electrode (AE) and the cathode electrode (CE) and may form an opening (OP). In some embodiments, the bank (BNK) may function as a pixel defining film that defines a sub-pixel (SP).

[0199] The cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) can be connected (e.g., electrically connected) to the cathode electrode (CE). For example, the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) and the cathode electrode (CE) can be in contact with each other and form a cathode contact surface (ECS_C). The cathode contact surface (ECS_C) can form a plane extending in the first direction (DR1) and the second direction (DR2). The cathode contact surface (ECS_C) can be defined as an extended area. The cathode contact surface (ECS_C) can cover (e.g., entirely cover) the lower surface (or bottom surface) of the light emitting element (LD). The cathode contact surface (ECS_C) can overlap with the light emitting element (LD) when viewed in plan.

[0200] The anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) may be connected (e.g., electrically connected) to the anode electrode (AE). The anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) and the anode electrode (AE) may be in contact with each other and form an anode contact surface (ECS_A). The anode contact surface (ECS_A) may not overlap with the light emitting element (LD) when viewed in a plan view.

[0201] The anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) may be disposed on one side of the bank (BNK), but the side of the bank (BNK) on which the anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) is disposed may not face the light-emitting element (LD). For example, the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) may be disposed on one side of the bank (BNK), but the side of the bank (BNK) on which the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) is disposed may face the light-emitting element (LD). Accordingly, the risk of a short circuit between the anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) and the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) may be reduced.

[0202] The light emitting element (LD) may be disposed on one surface of the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) overlapping the cathode contact surface (ECS_C). In some embodiments, the light emitting element (LD) may be bonded to the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C).

[0203] The first light-emitting element (LD1) may include a first semiconductor layer (31), an active layer (32), a second semiconductor layer (33), and an auxiliary layer (35). The first light-emitting element (LD1) includes a light-emitting laminate in which the auxiliary layer (35), the first semiconductor layer (31), the active layer (32), and the second semiconductor layer (33) are sequentially laminated.

[0204] The light-emitting element (LD) may include first and second element electrodes (BDE1, BDE2) facing in the same direction (e.g., the third direction (DR3)). The first element electrode (BDE1) may be connected to the second semiconductor layer (33). The second element electrode (BDE2) may be connected to the first semiconductor layer (31) exposed by etching the second semiconductor layer (33) and the active layer (32). The light-emitting element (LD) may be a lateral chip type light-emitting element.

[0205] The first semiconductor layer (31) can provide electrons to the active layer (32). The first semiconductor layer (31) may include, for example, at least one n-type semiconductor layer. For example, the first semiconductor layer (31) may include any one semiconductor material among gallium nitride (GaN), aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN), indium gallium nitride (InGaN), aluminum nitride (AlN), and indium nitride (InN), and may be an n-type semiconductor layer doped with a first conductive dopant (or n-type dopant) such as silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), or tin (Sn). However, the material of the first semiconductor layer (31) is not limited thereto. For example, various materials may constitute (or form) the first semiconductor layer (31). In an embodiment, the first semiconductor layer (31) may include a gallium nitride (GaN) semiconductor material doped with a first conductive dopant (or n-type dopant). According to an embodiment, the first semiconductor layer (31) may constitute (or form) an n-type semiconductor layer together with the auxiliary layer (35).

[0206] The active layer (32) may be disposed on the first semiconductor layer (31) and may be a region where electrons and holes recombine. As electrons and holes recombine in the active layer (32), they transition to a lower energy level, and light having a corresponding wavelength may be generated. The active layer (32) may be formed in a single or multiple quantum well structure. When the active layer (32) is formed in a multiple quantum well structure, units including a barrier layer, a strain reinforcing layer, and a well layer may be repeatedly stacked to form the active layer (32). However, the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0207] The second semiconductor layer (33) may be disposed on the active layer (32) and may provide holes to the active layer (32). The second semiconductor layer (33) may include a semiconductor layer of a different type from the first semiconductor layer (31). For example, the second semiconductor layer (33) may include at least one p-type semiconductor layer. For example, the second semiconductor layer (33) may include at least one semiconductor material among gallium nitride (GaN), aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN), indium gallium nitride (InGaN), aluminum nitride (AlN), and indium nitride (InN), and may be a p-type semiconductor layer doped with a second conductive dopant (or p-type dopant) such as magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), etc. However, the material of the second semiconductor layer (33) is not limited thereto. For example, various materials may constitute (or form) the second semiconductor layer (33). In an embodiment, the second semiconductor layer (33) may include a gallium nitride (GaN) semiconductor material doped with a second conductive dopant (or p-type dopant).

[0208] The auxiliary layer (35) may include a gallium nitride (GaN) semiconductor material that is not doped with impurities, and may form (or form) an n-type semiconductor layer together with the first semiconductor layer (31).

[0209] The first element electrode (BDE1) may be connected (e.g., electrically connected) to the second semiconductor layer (33). The second element electrode (BDE2) may be connected (e.g., electrically connected) to the first semiconductor layer (31).

[0210] The light emitting element (LD) may further include an insulating film (36) covering the outer surface of the light emitting layer. The insulating film (36) may prevent an electrical short circuit that may occur when the active layer (32) comes into contact with a conductive material other than the first and second semiconductor layers (31, 33). The insulating film (36) may include a transparent insulating material. The insulating film (36) may expose the upper surfaces (or top surfaces) of the first and second element electrodes (BDE1, BDE2).

[0211] The middle insulating layer (MDL) may be adjacent to the light emitting element (LD), the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C), and the bank (BNK), and may fill the space within the opening (OP).

[0212] The middle insulating layer (MDL) can mitigate the step formed by the light emitting element (LD). The maximum height of the middle insulating layer (MDL) can correspond to (e.g., be substantially the same as) the height of the side surface of the light emitting element (LD). For example, the height of the edge of the light emitting element (LD) and the maximum height of the middle insulating layer (MDL) can be the same (e.g., be substantially the same). For example, the difference between the height of the edge of the light emitting element (LD) and the maximum height of the middle insulating layer (MDL) can be smaller than the thickness of the transparent electrode layers (TCE_A, TCE_C) (e.g., the minimum thickness of the transparent electrode layers (TCE_A, TCE_C) within the display area (DA). Accordingly, the risk of the transparent electrode layers (TCE_A, TCE_C) forming the cathode path or the anode path being disconnected from each other can be reduced.

[0213] The cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) can be connected (e.g., electrically connected) to the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) and can be connected (e.g., electrically connected) to the second element electrode (BDE2). The anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) can be connected (e.g., electrically connected) to the anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) and can be connected (e.g., electrically connected) to the first element electrode (BDE1).

[0214] The cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) can overlap with the second element electrode (BDE2) when viewed in a plan view. The anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) can overlap with the first element electrode (BDE1) when viewed in a plan view. The anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) can overlap with the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) and the anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) when viewed in a plan view. The cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) can overlap with the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) and may not overlap with the anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) when viewed in a plan view.

[0215] In some embodiments, the cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) and the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) may be connected (or directly electrically connected). For example, the cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) and the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) may be connected (e.g., electrically connected) to each other by forming an electrical contact surface without an insulating layer interposed therebetween. The anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) and the anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) may be electrically connected (or directly connected). For example, the anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) and the anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) may be connected (e.g., electrically connected) to each other by forming an electrical contact surface without an insulating layer interposed therebetween.

[0216] According to an embodiment, the electrical contact area between the cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) and the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) and the electrical contact area between the anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) and the anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) can be expanded, and accordingly, the electrical connection path can be closely defined, and the risk of dark spots within the display area (DA), which may occur when the electrical connection path is not defined, can be reduced.

[0217] According to an embodiment, since an insulating layer may not be interposed between the cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) and the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) and between the anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) and the anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A), the number of masks required during the manufacturing process of the display element layer (DPL) may be reduced.

[0218] According to an embodiment, the allowable deviation for the position at which the light emitting element (LD) is arranged can be expanded, thereby improving process convenience. For example, the light emitting element (LD) can be transferred onto the pixel circuit layer (PCL) by various transfer methods. For example, the light emitting element (LD) can be transferred by one or more methods among a transfer method using a stamp, a transfer method using a laser, a transfer method using an electrostatic force, a transfer method using a magnetic force and an electromagnetic force, and a transfer method using an adhesive. However, the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0219] Experimentally, when an insulating layer is interposed between the cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) and the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) and between the anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) and the anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A), and the two electrodes are connected (e.g., electrically connected) through a contact hole formed in the insulating layer, the position of the contact hole and the transfer position of the light-emitting element (LD) need to be defined to correspond to each other, and thus the allowable deviation for the position at which the light-emitting element (LD) is arranged can be reduced. This can lead to a risk of reduced process convenience. However, according to an embodiment, since an electrical path is defined without a contact hole, the electrical contact area between the cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) and the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) and the electrical contact area between the anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) and the anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) can be expanded, and thus the aforementioned risk can be reduced.

[0220] The capping layer (CPL) may be disposed on other components of the display element layer (DPL). For example, the capping layer (CPL) may be disposed on the bank (BNK), the reflective electrodes (RE_A, RE_C), the transparent electrodes (TCE_A, TCE_C), and the light emitting element (LD), and may protect against external moisture and humidity. The capping layer (CPL) may include at least one of a metal oxide such as silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy), and aluminum oxide (AlOx). However, the material of the capping layer (CPL) is not limited thereto.

[0221] A light-functional layer (LFL) may be disposed on a capping layer (CPL). The light-functional layer (LFL) may include a top bank (QBNK), a reflective layer (RFE), a middle passivation layer (QPSV), a first light conversion pattern (CCP1), a low-refractive-index layer (LRL), and a color filter layer (CFL).

[0222] The upper bank (QBNK) may be positioned on the capping layer (CPL). The upper bank (QBNK) may overlap the bank (BNK) when viewed in plan view. The upper bank (QBNK) may surround an area.

[0223] The upper bank (QBNK) may include various materials. For example, the bank (BNK) may include an organic material. In some embodiments, the upper bank (QBNK) may include one or more of the following: acrylic resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, polyamide resin, and polyimide resin. However, the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0224] A reflective layer (RFE) may be disposed on a side surface of the upper bank (QBNK). The reflective layer (RFL) may reflect incident light, thereby improving light emission efficiency. The reflective layer (RFL) may include a material suitable for reflecting light. The reflective layer (RFL) may include at least one of aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), and an alloy of two or more materials selected therefrom. However, the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0225] An intermediate passivation layer (QPSV) may be disposed on the capping layer (CPL). The intermediate passivation layer (QPSV) protects components disposed thereunder and may provide a flat upper surface (or top surface). The intermediate passivation layer (QPSV) and the first and second passivation layers (PSV1, PSV2) may comprise the same material, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0226] The first light conversion pattern (CCP1) may include color conversion particles and / or scattering particles. The color conversion particles may change the wavelength of incident light to convert the incident light into light of a different color. For example, the color conversion particles may scatter the incident light. In embodiments, the color conversion particles may be quantum dots. The scattering particles may scatter the incident light.

[0227] The first sub-pixel (SP1) may be a red sub-pixel. When the first light-emitting element (LD1) emits blue light, the first light conversion pattern (CCP1) may include first color conversion particles (QD1) that convert blue light into red light. When the first light-emitting element (LD1) emits red light, the first light conversion pattern (CCP1) may include scattering particles. For example, the particles included in the first light conversion pattern (CCP1) may vary depending on the first light-emitting element (LD1).

[0228] A low-refractive-index layer (LRL) may be disposed on the upper bank (QBNK), the reflective layer (RFE), and the first light conversion pattern (CCP1). The low-refractive-index layer (LRL) may have a lower refractive index than the first light conversion pattern (CCP1). The low-refractive-index layer (LRL) may refract or reflect (e.g., total reflection) light depending on the incident angle of the light. For example, the low-refractive-index layer (LRL) may provide light passing through the first light conversion pattern (CCP1) back to the first light conversion pattern (CCP1). Accordingly, the light conversion efficiency of the first light conversion pattern (CCP1) may be improved.

[0229] A color filter layer (CFL) may be disposed on a low refractive index layer (LRL). The color filter layer (CFL) may include a first color filter (CF1) and light blocking patterns (LBP). The first color filter (CF1) may overlap a first light conversion pattern (CCP1). The first color filter (CF1) may selectively transmit light of a desired wavelength range. When the first sub-pixel (SP1) is a red sub-pixel, the first color filter (CF1) may include a red color filter. The light blocking patterns (LBP) may include at least one of various types of light-blocking materials. According to an embodiment, the light blocking patterns (LBP) may be formed by overlapping first to third color filters (CF1 to CF3).

[0230] Referring to FIG. 11, a pixel circuit layer (PCL), a display element layer (DPL), and a light function layer (LFL) can be sequentially provided (or arranged) on a substrate (SUB).

[0231] The pixel circuit layer (PCL) and the display element layer (DPL) are described in the same manner as described with reference to the previous drawings. In the pixel circuit layer (PCL), sub-pixel circuits (SPC) corresponding to the first to third sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3) may be provided (or formed), respectively. In the display element layer (DPL), first to third light-emitting elements (LD1 to LD3) corresponding to (or overlapping) the first to third sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3) may be provided (or formed), respectively. The first to third light-emitting elements (LD1 to LD3) may be arranged within an area surrounded by a bank (BNK). The first light-emitting element (LD1) may be connected between a cathode electrode (CE) and a transistor (T_SP) included in the sub-pixel circuit of the first sub-pixel (SP1). The second light-emitting element (LD2) may be connected between the cathode electrode (CE) and a transistor included in the sub-pixel circuit (SPC) of the second sub-pixel (SP2). The third light-emitting element (LD3) is connected between the cathode electrode (CE) and a transistor included in the sub-pixel circuit (SPC) of the third sub-pixel (SP3). Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, redundant descriptions are omitted.

[0232] A light-functional layer (LFL) may be provided (or arranged) on the display element layer (DPL). The light-functional layer (LFL) is described in the same manner as described with reference to Fig. 10. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, redundant descriptions are omitted.

[0233] The upper bank (QBNK) may have upper openings (COP). The emissive area (EMA) and the non-emissive area (NEMA) for the first to third sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3) may be defined by the upper bank (QBNK). The area overlapping the upper bank (QBNK) may correspond to the non-emissive area (NEMA). The area overlapping the upper openings (COP) of the upper bank (QBNK) may correspond to the emissive area (EMA) of the first to third sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3).

[0234] On the capping layer (CPL), an intermediate passivation layer (QPSV) may be disposed within the upper opening (COP). On the intermediate passivation layer (QPSV), first and second light conversion patterns (CCP1, CCP2) and a light scattering pattern (LSP) may be disposed within the upper opening (COP).

[0235] In embodiments, the first to third light-emitting elements (LD1 to LD3) may emit blue light. In this case, the first light conversion pattern (CCP1) may include first color conversion particles (QD1) capable of converting blue light into red light. The second light conversion pattern (CCP2) may include second color conversion particles (QD2) capable of converting blue light into green light. The light scattering pattern (LSP) may include scattering particles (SCT) that scatter blue light to improve light emission efficiency. Accordingly, the first to third sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3) may be provided (or formed) as a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, and a blue sub-pixel, respectively. In embodiments, at least one of the first and second light conversion patterns (CCP1, CCP2) and the light scattering pattern (LSP) may further include color conversion particles that convert blue color light into white color light.

[0236] In embodiments, the first to third light-emitting elements (LD1 to LD3) may emit red, green, and blue light, respectively. In this case, the first and second light conversion patterns (CCP1, CCP2) and the light scattering pattern (LSP) may each include scattering particles (SCT). For example, the particles included in the first and second light conversion patterns (CCP1, CCP2) and the light scattering pattern (LSP) may be varied depending on the first to third light-emitting elements (LD1 to LD3).

[0237] In embodiments, the first and second light conversion patterns (CCP1, CCP2) and the light scattering pattern (LSP) may be omitted.

[0238] A low-refractive-index layer (LRL) may be disposed on the upper bank (QBNK), the reflective layer (RFE), the first and second light conversion patterns (CCP1, CCP2), and the light scattering pattern (LSP). The low-refractive-index layer (LRL) may have a lower refractive index than the first and second light conversion patterns (CCP1, CCP2), and the light scattering pattern (LSP). In embodiments, the low-refractive-index layer (LRL) may be omitted in an area corresponding to the third sub-pixel (SP3).

[0239] A color filter layer (CFL) may be disposed on the low refractive index layer (LRL). The color filter layer (CFL) may include first to third color filters (CF1 to CF3) and light blocking patterns (LBP).

[0240] Each of the first to third color filters (CF1 to CF3) can selectively transmit light of a desired wavelength range. When the first sub-pixel (SP1) is a red sub-pixel, the first color filter (CF1) can include a red color filter. When the second sub-pixel (SP2) is a green sub-pixel, the second color filter (CF2) can include a green color filter. When the third sub-pixel (SP3) is a blue sub-pixel, the third color filter (CF3) can include a blue color filter.

[0241] Light blocking patterns (LBP) may be arranged between the color filters (CF1 to CF3). It may be understood that the light emitting area (or light emitting area) (EMA) and the non-light emitting area (NEMA) for the first to third sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3) are defined by the light blocking patterns (LBP). An area overlapping the light blocking patterns (LBP) may correspond to the non-light emitting area (NEMA). An area not overlapping the light blocking patterns (LBP) may correspond to the light emitting area (EMA).

[0242] In embodiments, the light-blocking patterns (LBP) may include at least one of various types of light-blocking materials. In embodiments, each of the light-blocking patterns (LBP) may be provided (or formed) in the form of a multilayer in which at least two color filters among the first to third color filters (CF1 to CF3) overlap. For example, each of the light-blocking patterns (LBP) may be formed by overlapping the first to third color filters (CF1 to CF3). As another example, the light-blocking pattern between the first and second color filters (CF1, CF2) among the light-blocking patterns (LBP) may be formed as a multilayer in which the first and second color filters (CF1, CF2) overlap, and the light-blocking pattern between the second and third color filters (CF2, CF3) among the light-blocking patterns (LBP) may be formed as a multilayer in which the second and third color filters (CF2, CF3) overlap. The light blocking pattern between the first color filter (CF1) and the third color filter (CF3) of the neighboring pixel can be formed as a multilayer in which the first and third color filters (CF1, CF3) overlap. For example, each of the first to third color filters (CF1 to CF3) can extend into the non-emitting area (NEMA) to form light blocking patterns (LBP).

[0243] Referring to FIG. 12, a display device (DD) according to another embodiment will be described. For convenience of explanation, any content that may overlap with the above-described content will be briefly described or not repeated.

[0244] Referring to FIG. 12, a display device (DD) according to another embodiment is different from the display device (DD) according to the embodiment described above with reference to FIGS. 6 to 11 in that the anode electrode (AE) has an extended structure like the cathode electrode (CE) of the embodiment described above, and the cathode electrode (CE) has a narrow structure like the anode electrode (AE) of the embodiment described above.

[0245] In the present embodiment, the anode electrode (AE), the anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A), and the anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) may have structural characteristics similar to (or substantially identical to) the cathode electrode (CE), the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C), and the cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) in the above-described embodiment with reference to FIGS. 6 to 11. In the present embodiment, the cathode electrode (CE), the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C), and the cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) may have structural characteristics similar to (or substantially identical to) the anode electrode (AE), the anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A), and the anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) in the above-described embodiment with reference to FIGS. 6 to 11.

[0246] For example, the anode electrode (AE) can cover a wider area than the cathode electrode (CE) and can form a reflective surface on the lower surface (or bottom surface) of the light-emitting element (LD). The cathode electrode (CE) can cover a narrower area than the anode electrode (AE) and, when viewed in a plan view, can be non-overlapping with the light-emitting element (LD). For example, the anode electrode (AE) can overlap (e.g., completely overlap) with the light-emitting element (LD) when viewed in a plan view. The anode contact surface (ECS_A) can cover (e.g., completely cover) the light-emitting element (LD) when viewed in a plan view. The cathode contact surface (ECS_C) may not overlap with the light-emitting element (LD) when viewed in a plan view. In addition, according to an embodiment, similar to the embodiment described above with reference to FIGS. 6 to 11, the anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A) and the anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) can be in electrical contact (e.g., direct contact) with each other, and the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) and the cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) can be in electrical contact (e.g., direct contact) with each other. Accordingly, process convenience is improved, the risk of dark spots is reduced, and the number of masks required in the process can be reduced.

[0247] Referring to FIGS. 13 and 14, an identification pattern (EGP) included in a display device (DD) according to an embodiment will be described. For convenience of explanation, any content that may overlap with the above-described content will be briefly described or not repeated.

[0248] Referring to FIGS. 13 and 14, the display device (DD) according to the embodiment may further include an identification pattern (EGP).

[0249] The identification pattern (EGP) may be a structure formed on a portion of a conductive layer formed on a display element layer (DPL). The identification pattern (EGP) may provide information for determining an alignment position of the light emitting element (LD) when a process of transferring the light emitting element (LD) onto a pixel circuit layer (PCL) is performed. For example, the position of the identification pattern (EGP) may be formed adjacent to a position where the light emitting element (LD) is to be placed, and the position of the identification pattern (EGP) may be used as a reference to determine whether the light emitting element (LD) has been transferred normally.

[0250] According to an embodiment, the identification pattern (EGP) may surround an area where the light emitting element (LD) is arranged when viewed in a plan view. For example, a part of the identification pattern (EGP) may be arranged on a first side (e.g., an upper side) of the light emitting element (LD), a part of the identification pattern (EGP) may be arranged on a second side (e.g., a lower side) of the light emitting element (LD), a part of the identification pattern (EGP) may be arranged on a third side (e.g., a left side) of the light emitting element (LD), and a part of the identification pattern (EGP) may be arranged on a fourth side (e.g., a right side) of the light emitting element (LD).

[0251] According to an embodiment, the identification pattern (EGP) may be provided by being patterned on at least one of the conductive layers included in the display element layer (DPL). According to an embodiment, the identification pattern (EGP) may include an engraved pattern and / or a relief pattern formed on at least one of the conductive layers included in the display element layer (DPL).

[0252] For example (see FIG. 13), the identification pattern (EGP) may be formed on a portion of the cathode electrode (CE) (e.g., the base cathode electrode (CE_B)). In another example (see FIG. 14), the identification pattern (EGP) may be formed on a portion of the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C). However, the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0253] Hereinafter, a method for manufacturing a display device (DD) according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 15 to 31. For convenience of explanation, any content that may overlap with the above-described content will be briefly described or not repeated.

[0254] Fig. 15 is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a display device according to an embodiment. Fig. 16 is a schematic flowchart illustrating steps for manufacturing a display element layer according to an embodiment.

[0255] Figures 17 to 22 are schematic plan views illustrating a manufacturing method of a display device according to an embodiment, step by step. For convenience of explanation, Figures 17 to 22 schematically illustrate areas corresponding to the planar structure described above with reference to Figures 6 and 7.

[0256] Figures 23 to 31 are schematic cross-sectional views illustrating a manufacturing method of a display device according to an embodiment, step by step. For convenience of explanation, Figures 23 to 31 schematically illustrate areas corresponding to the cross-sectional structure described above with reference to Figure 9.

[0257] Referring to FIG. 15, a method for manufacturing a display device (DD) according to an embodiment may include a step of manufacturing a pixel circuit layer (S100), a step of manufacturing a display element layer (S200), and a step of manufacturing an optical function layer (S300).

[0258] Referring to FIG. 16, the step of manufacturing a display element layer (S200) may include a step of patterning an anode electrode and a cathode electrode (S2100), a step of patterning a bank (S2200), a step of patterning a reflective electrode layer (S2300), a step of patterning an intermediate insulating layer (S2400), a step of arranging a light-emitting element on a pixel circuit layer (S2500), and a step of patterning a transparent electrode layer (S2600).

[0259] Referring to FIG. 15 and FIG. 23, in the step of manufacturing a pixel circuit layer (S100), a pixel circuit layer (PCL) can be placed on a substrate (SUB).

[0260] In some embodiments, the conductive layer or insulating layer on the substrate (SUB) may be formed by a conventional process for manufacturing a semiconductor device. For example, the conductive layer or insulating layer on the substrate (SUB) may be formed by a photolithography process, etched by various methods (wet etching, dry etching, etc.), or deposited by various methods (sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, etc.). The embodiments are not necessarily limited to specific examples.

[0261] In this step (S100), a transistor (T_SP) can be patterned on a substrate (SUB), and a buffer layer (BFL), an interlayer insulating layer (ILD), a first passivation layer (PSV1), and a second passivation layer (PSV2) can be formed.

[0262] Referring to FIGS. 15 to 17 and FIG. 24, in the step of patterning the anode electrode and the cathode electrode (S2100), the anode electrode (AE) and the cathode electrode (CE) can be formed on the pixel circuit layer (PCL) (or substrate (SUB)).

[0263] In this step (S2100), a cathode electrode (CE) covering a wide area can be patterned. For example, a base cathode electrode (CE_B) covering the first to third sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3) can be formed, and a bridge cathode electrode (CE_BR) extending in one direction can be formed.

[0264] According to an embodiment, the area where the base cathode electrode (CE_B) is patterned may correspond to the area where the light-emitting elements (LD) and the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) are arranged in subsequent processes.

[0265] In this step (S2100), an anode electrode (AE) covering a narrow area may be patterned. For example, first to third anode electrodes (AE1 to AE3) may be formed, each spaced apart from the other and isolated from the other.

[0266] In this step (S2100), when the anode electrode (AE) is formed, a contact portion (CNT) connected (e.g., electrically connected) to the transistor (T_SP) can be formed.

[0267] Referring to FIGS. 15, 16, 18, and 25, in the step of patterning a bank (S2200), a bank (BNK) can be formed on a pixel circuit layer (PCL) (or substrate (SUB)).

[0268] In this step (S2200), a bank (BNK) may be patterned to surround two or more regions, respectively, to form an opening (OP). For example, the bank (BNK) may expose a portion of the base cathode electrode (CE_B) and a portion of the anode electrode (AE).

[0269] In some embodiments, a portion of the base cathode electrode (CE_B) exposed by the bank (BNK) may form a cathode contact surface (ECS_C). A portion of the anode electrode (AE) exposed by the bank (BNK) may form an anode contact surface (ECS_A).

[0270] Referring to FIGS. 15, 16, 19, and 26, in the step of patterning the reflective electrode layer (S2300), reflective electrode layers (RE_A, RE_C) can be formed on the pixel circuit layer (PCL) (or substrate (SUB)).

[0271] In this step (S2300), a cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C) covering a wide area can be patterned. For example, first to third cathode reflective electrode layers (RE_C1 to RE_C3) covering each of the first to third sub-pixel areas (SP1 to SP3) can be formed.

[0272] In this step (S2300), an anode reflective electrode (RE_A) covering a narrow area may be patterned. For example, first to third anode reflective electrode layers (RE_A1 to RE_A3) covering each of the first to third sub-pixel areas (SP1 to SP3) may be formed.

[0273] According to an embodiment, the anode reflective electrode (RE_A) may overlap with an area where a light-emitting element (LD) is placed in a subsequent process, thereby forming a reflective surface for forming a light recycling structure.

[0274] In this step (S2300), the anode reflector electrode (RE_A) and the anode electrode (AE) can be in contact with each other and connected to each other (e.g., electrically connected) to form an anode contact surface (ESC_A). The cathode reflector electrode (RE_C) and the cathode electrode (CE) can be in contact with each other and connected to each other (e.g., electrically connected) to form a cathode contact surface (ESC_C).

[0275] In this step (S2300), the anode reflector electrode (RE_A) may expose a portion of the bank (BNK). The cathode reflector electrode (RE_C) may expose a portion of the bank (BNK). In some embodiments, the side of the bank (BNK) exposed by the cathode reflector electrode (RE_C) may face the area where the cathode contact surface (ECS_C) is disposed.

[0276] Referring to FIGS. 15, 16, 20, 27, and 28, in the step of patterning the intermediate insulating layer (S2400), an intermediate insulating layer (MDL) can be placed in an opening (OP) formed by a bank (BNK).

[0277] In this step (S2400), an intermediate insulating layer (MDL) may be provided within an area surrounded by a bank (BNK). For example, the intermediate insulating layer (MDL) may overlap with the base cathode electrode (CE_B) and the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C). In some embodiments, the intermediate insulating layer (MDL) may not overlap with the anode electrode (AE) and the anode reflective electrode layer (RE_A).

[0278] According to an embodiment (Fig. 27), the intermediate insulating layer (MDL) can be formed on the pixel circuit layer (PCL) (or substrate (SUB)) by a process such as deposition.

[0279] According to an embodiment (Fig. 28), after the intermediate insulating layer (MDL) is formed, an additional etching process may be further performed, and an etched intermediate insulating layer (MDL_E) may be manufactured. For example, the etched intermediate insulating layer (MDL) may be provided by performing an additional etching process using a halftone mask after the intermediate insulating layer (MDL) is formed. According to an embodiment, the etched intermediate insulating layer (MDL_E) may further include a groove portion, and the groove portion may be an area where a light emitting element (LD) is placed in a subsequent process. Accordingly, the alignment of the light emitting element (LD) may be further improved.

[0280] Referring to FIGS. 15, 16, 21, and 29, in the step (S2500) of placing a light-emitting element on a pixel circuit layer, a light-emitting element (LD) may be placed in an opening (OP).

[0281] In this step (S2500), the light emitting element (LD) can be placed on the substrate (SUB) (or pixel circuit layer (PCL)) by various transfer methods. However, the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0282] In this step (S2500), the light emitting element (LD) may be disposed on the intermediate insulating layer (MDL) (or the etched intermediate insulating layer (MDL)). The light emitting element (LD) may be disposed on the base cathode electrode (CE_B) (or the cathode reflective electrode layer (RE_C)).

[0283] In this step (S2500), the light emitting element (LD) can be aligned so that the first and second element electrodes (BDE1, BDE2) of the light emitting element (LD) face upward (e.g., in the third direction (DR3)). Accordingly, the first and second element electrodes (BDE1, BDE2) of the light emitting element (LD) can be exposed.

[0284] In this step (S2500), the first and second element electrodes (BDE1, BDE2) of the light-emitting element (LD) may not be connected (e.g., electrically connected) to the anode reflective electrode (RE_A) and the cathode reflective electrode (RE_C).

[0285] Referring to FIGS. 15, 16, 22, and 30, in the step of patterning the transparent electrode layer (S2600), an anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) and a cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) can be arranged.

[0286] In this step (S2600), a cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) overlapping the second element electrode (BDE2) may be patterned. For example, a first cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C1) extending in a first direction (DR1) may be patterned so as to be arranged across the first to third sub-pixels (SP1 to SP3), and a second cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C2) extending in a second direction (DR2) may be patterned.

[0287] In this step (S2600), an anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) overlapping the first element electrode (BDE1) may be patterned. For example, first to third anode transparent electrode layers (TCE_A1 to TCE_A3) covering each of the first to third sub-pixel regions (SP1 to SP3) may be formed.

[0288] In this step (S2600), the second element electrode (BDE2) and the cathode transparent electrode layer (TCE_C) may be in contact (e.g., direct contact). The first element electrode (BDE1) and the anode transparent electrode layer (TCE_A) may be in contact (e.g., direct contact). As previously discussed, an electrical connection structure may be formed by direct contact between the electrodes.

[0289] Afterwards, a capping layer (CPL) covering each layer of the display element layer (DPL) can be formed.

[0290] Referring to FIG. 15 and FIG. 31, in the step of manufacturing the optical functional layer (S300), the optical functional layer (LFL) can be placed on the display element layer (DPL).

[0291] In this step (S300), layers for forming a light functional layer (LFL) on a display element layer (DPL) may be sequentially formed. For example, an upper bank (QBNK), a reflective layer (RFE), an intermediate passivation layer (QPSV), first and second light conversion patterns (CCP1, CCP2), a light scattering pattern (LSP), a low refractive index layer (LRL), and a color filter layer (CFL) may be formed on a capping layer (CPL).

[0292] Figure 32 is a schematic block diagram showing an embodiment of a display system.

[0293] Referring to FIG. 32, the display system (1000) may include a processor (1100) and a display device (1200).

[0294] The processor (1100) can perform various tasks and calculations. In embodiments, the processor (1100) may include an application processor, a graphics processor, a microprocessor, a central processing unit (CPU), etc. The processor (1100) can be connected to other components of the display system (1000) via a bus system and control them.

[0295] The processor (1100) can transmit input image data (IMG) and a control signal (CTRL) to the display device (1200). The display device (1200) can display an image based on the input image data (IMG) and the control signal (CTRL). The display device (1200) can be substantially the same as (or similar to) the display device (DD) described with reference to FIG. 1. In this case, the input image data (IMG) and the control signal (CTRL) can be provided (or formed) as the input image data (IMG) and the control signal (CTRL) of FIG. 1, respectively.

[0296] The display system (1000) may include a computing system that provides an image display function, such as a smart watch, a mobile phone, a smart phone, a portable computer, a tablet personal computer, a watch phone, an automotive display, smart glasses, a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, an ultra mobile personal computer (UMPC), etc. In addition, the display system (1000) may include at least one of a head mounted display (HMD), a virtual reality (VR) device, a mixed reality (MR) device, and an augmented reality (AR) device.

[0297] Figures 33 to 36 are schematic perspective views showing application examples of the display system of Figure 32.

[0298] Referring to FIG. 33, the display system (1000) of FIG. 32 can be applied to a smart watch (2000) including a display unit (2100) and a strap unit (2200).

[0299] The smartwatch (2000) may be a wearable electronic device. For example, the smartwatch (2000) may have a structure in which a strap portion (2200) is attached to the user's wrist. Here, a display system (1000) and / or a display device (1200) may be applied to the display portion (2100), so that input image data including time information may be provided to the user.

[0300] Referring to FIG. 34, the display system (1000) of FIG. 32 can be applied to an automotive display system (3000). Here, the automotive display system (3000) can include a computing system provided inside and / or outside a vehicle to provide input image data.

[0301] For example, the display system (1000) and / or the display device (1200) may be applied to at least one of an infotainment panel (3100), a cluster (3200), a co-driver display (3300), a head-up display (3400), a side mirror display (3500), and a rear seat display (3600) provided in a vehicle.

[0302] Referring to FIG. 35, the display system (1000) of FIG. 32 can be applied to smart glasses (4000). The smart glasses (4000) may be a wearable electronic device that can be worn on a user's head. For example, the smart glasses (4000) may be a wearable device for augmented reality.

[0303] Smart glasses (4000) may include a frame (4100) and a lens unit (4200). The frame (4100) may include a housing (4110) that supports the lens unit (4200) and a leg unit (4120) for a user to wear. The leg unit (4120) is connected to the housing (4110) via a hinge and may be folded or unfolded relative to the housing (4110).

[0304] The frame (4100) may be equipped with a battery, a touch pad, a microphone, a camera, etc. For example, the frame (4100) may be equipped with a projector that outputs light, a processor that controls light signals, etc.

[0305] The lens unit (4200) may include an optical member that transmits or reflects light. For example, the lens unit (4200) may include glass, transparent synthetic resin, or the like.

[0306] In order for the user's eyes to recognize visual information, the lens unit (4200) can reflect an image by an optical signal transmitted from the projector of the frame (4100) onto the rear surface of the lens unit (4200) (e.g., the surface facing the user's eyes). For example, the user can recognize visual information such as the time and date displayed on the lens unit (4200). At this time, the projector and / or the lens unit (4200) may be a type of display device. The display device (1200) may be applied to the projector and / or the lens unit (4200).

[0307] Referring to FIG. 36, the display system (1000) of FIG. 32 can be applied to a head-mounted display device (500).

[0308] The head-mounted display device (5000) may be a wearable electronic device that can be worn on a user's head. For example, the head-mounted display device (5000) may be a wearable device for virtual reality or mixed reality.

[0309] A head-mounted display device (5000) may include a head-mounted band (5100) and a display device storage case (5200). The head-mounted band (5100) may be connected to the display device storage case (5200). The head-mounted band (5100) may include horizontal bands and / or vertical bands for securing the head-mounted display device (5000) to a user's head. The horizontal band may surround the side of the user's head, and the vertical band may surround the upper part of the user's head. However, embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, the head-mounted band (5100) may be implemented in the form of eyeglass frames, helmets, etc.

[0310] The display device storage case (5200) can store the display system (1000) and / or the display device (1200).

[0311] Having concluded this detailed description, those skilled in the art will appreciate that numerous variations and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without significantly departing from the principles, spirit, and scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the disclosed embodiments are intended to be used solely in a general and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation.

Claims

1. Substrate; and A display element layer disposed on the above substrate; The above display element layer is, Anode electrode and cathode electrode; An anode reflective electrode layer disposed on the anode electrode; A cathode reflective electrode layer disposed on the cathode electrode; A light-emitting element comprising a first element electrode and a second element electrode; An anode transparent electrode layer electrically connecting the anode reflective electrode layer and the first element electrode; and A cathode transparent electrode layer electrically connecting the cathode reflective electrode layer and the second element electrode; Display device.

2. In paragraph 1, The above cathode electrode includes a base cathode electrode and a bridge cathode electrode which are integral with each other, The base cathode electrode covers a wider area than the bridge cathode electrode and overlaps the light emitting element when viewed in a planar manner. Display device.

3. In paragraph 2, including sub-pixels; The above base cathode electrode extends across the sub-pixels in the first direction, The anode electrode includes a plurality of anode electrodes corresponding to each of the sub-pixels, The bridge cathode electrode extends in a second direction different from the first direction and is disposed between the plurality of anode electrodes. Display device.

4. In paragraph 1, The anode electrode and the cathode electrode are formed in the same layer and contain the same conductive material. Display device.

5. In paragraph 2, A bank covering a portion of each of the anode electrode and the cathode electrode and having an opening; The above bank exposes at least a portion of the base cathode electrode, In a part of the base cathode electrode exposed by the above bank, the base cathode electrode and the cathode reflective electrode layer are in contact with each other. Display device.

6. In paragraph 5, The above base cathode electrode and the above cathode reflective electrode layer are electrically connected at the cathode contact surface, The cathode contact surface overlaps the light emitting element when viewed in a planar manner, so that the cathode reflective electrode layer forms a reflective surface for the light emitting element. Display device.

7. In paragraph 6, The above cathode contact surface, when viewed in a planar view, covers the entire light emitting element. Display device.

8. In paragraph 5, The anode reflective electrode layer is not disposed on the inner side of the bank facing the opening. Display device.

9. In paragraph 1, The cathode reflective electrode layer and the anode reflective electrode layer are formed on the same layer and contain the same reflective conductive material. Display device.

10. In paragraph 1, The cathode transparent electrode layer and the anode transparent electrode layer are formed in the same layer and include the same transparent conductive material. Display device.

11. In paragraph 1, The above display element layer is arranged on the upper side of the substrate, The light-emitting element includes a first element electrode and a second element electrode facing upward, The above anode transparent electrode layer overlaps the first element electrode when viewed in a plane, The above cathode transparent electrode layer overlaps the second element electrode when viewed in a planar manner. Display device.

12. In paragraph 11, The above cathode transparent electrode layer overlaps the cathode reflective electrode and does not overlap the anode reflective electrode when viewed in a plane. The above anode transparent electrode layer overlaps the cathode reflective electrode and the anode reflective electrode when viewed in a planar view. Display device.

13. In paragraph 5, further comprising an intermediate insulating layer disposed within the opening and directly adjacent to the light emitting element; Display device.

14. In paragraph 13, The anode transparent electrode layer and the cathode transparent electrode layer are directly disposed on the intermediate insulating layer. Display device.

15. In paragraph 14, The difference between the height of the corner of the light-emitting element and the maximum height of the intermediate insulating layer is smaller than the minimum thickness of the anode transparent electrode layer and the cathode transparent electrode layer. Display device.

16. In paragraph 1, Further comprising a capping layer covering the anode transparent electrode layer, the cathode transparent electrode layer, and the light emitting element; Display device.

17. In paragraph 1, Further comprising an identification pattern formed on at least one of the cathode electrode and the cathode reflective electrode layer; Display device.

18. In paragraph 17, The above identification pattern includes an engraved pattern or a raised pattern, Display device.

19. In paragraph 1, The anode electrode is in contact with the anode reflective electrode layer at the anode contact surface, The above cathode electrode is in contact with the cathode reflective electrode layer at the cathode contact surface, The above anode contact surface overlaps the light emitting element as a whole when viewed in a plane. Display device.

20. A step of manufacturing a pixel circuit layer arranged on a substrate; and A step of manufacturing a display element layer on the pixel circuit layer; including; The step of manufacturing the above display element layer is: A step of patterning an anode electrode and a cathode electrode on the pixel circuit layer; A step of patterning a bank forming an opening; A step of patterning a reflective electrode layer including a cathode reflective electrode layer electrically connected to the anode electrode and an anode reflective electrode layer electrically connected to the cathode electrode; A step of patterning an intermediate insulating layer disposed within the above opening; A step of arranging a light-emitting element within the above opening; and A step of patterning a transparent electrode layer including a cathode transparent electrode layer electrically connected to the cathode reflective electrode layer and an anode transparent electrode layer electrically connected to the anode reflective electrode layer; including; Method for manufacturing a display device.

21. In paragraph 20, The above cathode electrode includes a base cathode electrode and a bridge cathode electrode which are integral with each other, The base cathode electrode covers a wider area than the bridge cathode electrode and overlaps the light emitting element when viewed in a planar manner. Method for manufacturing a display device.

22. In paragraph 21, The above base cathode electrode and the above cathode reflective electrode layer are electrically connected at the cathode contact surface, The cathode contact surface, when viewed in a planar plane, covers the entire light-emitting element so that the cathode reflective electrode layer forms a reflective surface for the light-emitting element. Method for manufacturing a display device.

23. In paragraph 20, The step of patterning the intermediate insulating layer includes the step of providing the intermediate insulating layer within the opening; and the step of etching a portion of the intermediate insulating layer using a halftone mask. Method for manufacturing a display device.

24. In paragraph 20, The above light-emitting element includes a light-emitting element of a lateral chip type, The step of patterning the transparent electrode layer includes the step of arranging the anode transparent electrode layer and the cathode transparent electrode layer directly adjacent to the intermediate insulating layer. Method for manufacturing a display device.

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