Payload identifier determination for internet-of-things communication
The framework for selecting and incorporating identifiers in IoT messages addresses the challenge of unreliable communication and interference in dense IoT environments, enhancing reliability and security through message identification and randomization.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/076940
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-14
AI Technical Summary
Current wireless communication systems for IoT devices lack mechanisms for uniquely identifying messages between IoT entities and reader entities, leading to unreliable communication, increased interference, and security vulnerabilities in dense environments.
A framework for IoT and reader entities to select identifiers based on message type, functionality, and receiver, with options to include or scramble IDs in the payload to enhance message identification and interference randomization.
Enhances communication reliability and security by uniquely identifying messages, reducing interference, and improving message security in dense IoT environments.
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Figure CN2024076940_14082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PAYLOAD IDENTIFIER DETERMINATION FOR INTERNET-OF-THINGS COMMUNICATION
[0001] INTRODUCTION
[0002] The following relates to wireless communications that pertain to payload identifier determination for internet-of-things (IoT) communication.
[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .SUMMARY
[0004] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support payload identifier determination for internet-of-things (IoT) communication. For example, the described techniques provide for a framework for an IoT entity and / or a reader entity to uniquely identify a message communicated between the IoT entity and the reader entity. For example, a transmitting entity (e.g., the IoT entity or the reader entity) may select an identifier (ID) of the IoT entity and / or an ID of the reader entity to identify a transmitted message. In some aspects, whether the transmitting entity selects an ID of the IoT entity or an ID of the reader entity may be based on a cast type of the message (e.g., whether the message will be broadcast, groupcast, multicast, or unicast) and / or a functionality for which the message is sent (e.g., whether the message is sent for initial access, to schedule data, for transmission of data, to indicate feedback, or as a wake-up signal (WUS) ) . In some aspects, whether the device selects the ID of the IoT entity and / or the ID of the reader entity may be based on a receiver of the message (e.g., whether the message is intended for a single IoT entity or more than one IoT entities) . In some aspects, whether the transmitting entity selects the ID of the IoT entity and / or the ID of the reader entity may be based on a device type of the IoT entity (e.g., whether the tag has different transmit capabilities) . To provide interference randomization, the transmitting entity may add a time index associated with the selected ID in the message. In some aspects, the transmitting entity may include the selected ID or a portion of the selected ID in the payload of the message. In some aspects, the transmitting entity may use the selected ID (or a portion of the selected ID) to scramble the payload of the message.
[0005] A method for wireless communication by a first network entity is described. The method may include determining, based on one or more characteristics of a message, one or more IDs from a set of IDs, where the message is for transmission to a second network entity, where the first network entity and the second network entity are different, where the first network entity is an IoT entity or a reader entity, and where the second network entity is the IoT entity or the reader entity, and where the set of IDs includes a first ID associated with the first network entity and a second ID associated with the second network entity, causing at least a portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs, and transmit the message to the second network entity.
[0006] A first network entity for wireless communication is described. The first network entity may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the first network entity to determine, based on one or more characteristics of a message, one or more IDs from a set of IDs, where the message is for transmission to a second network entity, where the first network entity and the second network entity are different, where the first network entity is an IoT entity or a reader entity, and where the second network entity is the IoT entity or the reader entity, and where the set of IDs includes a first ID associated with the first network entity and a second ID associated with the second network entity, cause at least a portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs, and transmit the message to the second network entity.
[0007] Another first network entity for wireless communication is described. The first network entity may include means for determining, based on one or more characteristics of a message, one or more IDs from a set of IDs, where the message is for transmission to a second network entity, where the first network entity and the second network entity are different, where the first network entity is an IoT entity or a reader entity, and where the second network entity is the IoT entity or the reader entity, and where the set of IDs includes a first ID associated with the first network entity and a second ID associated with the second network entity, means for causing at least a portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs, and means for transmit the message to the second network entity.
[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium having code for wireless communication stored thereon is described. The code, executed by a first network entity, causes the first network entity to: determine, based on one or more characteristics of a message, one or more IDs from a set of IDs, where the message is for transmission to a second network entity, where the first network entity and the second network entity are different, where the first network entity is an IoT entity or a reader entity, and where the second network entity is the IoT entity or the reader entity, and where the set of IDs includes a first ID associated with the first network entity and a second ID associated with the second network entity, cause at least a portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs, and transmit the message to the second network entity.
[0009] In some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, causing at least the portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs may include operations, features, means, or instructions for including the one or more IDs in the portion of the message.
[0010] In some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, causing at least the portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs may include operations, features, means, or instructions for scrambling, using a scrambling code that may be based on the one or more IDs, at least the portion of the message.
[0011] Some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, where the scrambling code may be based on a respective first portion of at least one of the one or more IDs, may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for including, in the message, a respective second portion of the at least one of the one or more IDs.
[0012] In some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the scrambling code may be based on a time index associated with the transmission of the message.
[0013] In some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, causing at least the portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs may include operations, features, means, or instructions for causing the message to include an error detection code that may be based on the one or more IDs.
[0014] Some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for updating, prior to the determination of the one or more IDs, at least one ID of the one or more IDs generated in response to a trigger.
[0015] In some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the trigger includes receipt by the first network entity of a first data message or receipt by the first network entity of a control message that schedules a transmission by the first network entity.
[0016] In some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, where the first network entity may be the reader entity, determining the one or more IDs may include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining at least the second ID based on the message being for transmission to a group of IoT entities that includes the second network entity, where the second network entity may be the IoT entity.
[0017] In some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, where the first network entity may be the reader entity, determining the one or more IDs may include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining, where the second network entity may be the IoT entity and the set of IDs includes a third ID associated with a group of IoT devices that includes the second network entity, at least the third ID based on the message being for transmission to the group of IoT devices.
[0018] In some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, where the first network entity may be the reader entity, determining the one or more IDs may include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining at least the first ID based on the message being for transmission to the second network entity individually, where the second network entity may be the IoT entity.
[0019] In some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the reader entity includes a base station and the second ID includes a cell ID or a virtual cell ID associated with the base station.
[0020] In some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the reader entity may be a user equipment (UE) and the second ID includes an ID of the UE or an ID of a base station associated with a serving cell for the UE.
[0021] Some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, where the first network entity may be the reader entity, may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, prior to the transmission of the message, an indication of the second ID to the base station or to the second network entity.
[0022] Some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, prior to the transmission of the message, an indication of the second ID from the base station or a core network entity or receiving an indication of the first ID from the second network entity or the base station.
[0023] Some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, where the first network entity may be the IoT entity, may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, prior to transmission of the message, an indication of the first ID to the second network entity, where the second network entity may be the reader entity.
[0024] Some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, where the first network entity may be the IoT entity, and where the set of IDs includes a third ID associated with a group of IoT entities that includes the first network entity, may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, based on the first network entity being an anchor entity within the group of IoT entities, an indication of the third ID to one or more other IoT entities in the group of IoT entities and to the second network entity, where the second network entity may be the reader entity.
[0025] Some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, where the first network entity may be the IoT entity, may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving an indication of the first ID from the second network entity, where the second network entity may be the reader entity, and where the reader entity may be a base station or a UE.
[0026] In some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first network entity may be the IoT entity and the first ID includes a destination ID associated with the IoT entity, an authentication ID associated with the IoT entity, or a product ID associated with a manufacturer of the IoT entity.
[0027] In some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the one or more characteristics of the message include a type of control message corresponding to the message, a cast type of the message, a quantity of intended receivers for the message, or a device type of one or more intended receivers for the message.
[0028] In some examples of the method, first network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, determination of the one or more IDs may be based on a device type of the IoT entity.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0029] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communication system that supports payload identifier (ID) determination for internet-of-things (IoT) communication in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communication system that supports payload identifier determination for IoT communication in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless communication system that supports payload ID determination for IoT communication in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 4 shows an example of a process flow that supports payload ID determination for IoT communication in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0033] FIGs. 5 and 6 show block diagrams of devices that support payload ID determination for IoT communication in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports payload ID determination for IoT communication in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0035] FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a system including a UE that supports payload ID determination for IoT communication in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0036] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system including a network entity that supports payload ID determination for IoT communication in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0037] FIGs. 10 through 12 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support payload ID determination for IoT communication in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0038] A wireless communication system may include internet-of-things (IoT) devices such as ambient IoT (A-IoT) devices. IoT devices may also be referred to as tags. A wireless communication system may include IoT devices to reduce energy costs and increase an economic efficiency of the wireless communication system. IoT devices may be used for applications such as inventory tracking, sensing, positioning, or command systems. IoT devices (also referred to as IoT entities) may be capable of harvesting energy from different sources, such as radio frequency waves, solar energy, heat, or other ambient sources. For example, an energy harvesting (EH) -capable device such as an IoT entity may passively communicate with another device (referred to as a reader entity or a reader device) via backscatter of a carrier wave and / or the EH-capable device may communicate with the reader entity via an internally generated signal (e.g., the EH-capable device may include active transmit capabilities) . The term “interrogating signal” may refer to a carrier wave which provides energy for an IoT entity to transmit a signal via backscatter modulation. A reader entity may be a base station or may be an intermediate device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) ) controlled by a base station) .
[0039] An IoT entity may be deployed in a relatively dense environment (e.g., indoors) that includes other tags and multiple potential readers. In such cases, multiple devices (e.g., multiple tags or multiple reader entities) may communicate concurrently. Currently, there may not be a mechanism for an IoT entity or a reader entity to uniquely identify a message communicated between the tag and reader. For example, an IoT entity may lack a mechanism for indicating that the tag is the source of the message and / or that the intended destination of the message is a particular reader entity. Similarly, a reader entity may lack a mechanism for indicating that the reader entity is the source of the message and / or that the intended destination of the message is a particular tag or group of tags. Lack of a mechanism to indicate the source and / or destination of a message may result in a lack of reliability in communication between an IoT entity and a reader entity in dense environments. Additionally, or alternatively, communication in a dense environment may be susceptible to increased interference and security vulnerabilities. IoT entities and reader entities may lack a mechanism to randomize a message to reduce interference or encrypt a message to increase security of the message.
[0040] Aspects of this disclose relate to a framework for an IoT entity and / or a reader entity to uniquely identify a message communicated between the IoT entity and the reader entity. For example, a transmitting entity (the IoT entity or the reader entity) may select an identifier (ID) of the IoT entity and / or an ID of the reader entity to identify a transmitted message. In some aspects, whether the transmitting entity selects an ID of the IoT entity or an ID of the reader entity may be based on a cast type of the message (e.g., whether the message will be broadcast, groupcast, multicast, or unicast) and / or a functionality for which the message is sent (e.g., whether the message is sent for initial access, to schedule data, to indicate feedback, or as a wake-up signal (WUS) ) . In some aspects, whether the device selects an ID of the IoT entity and / or an ID of the reader entity may be based on a receiver of the message (e.g., whether the message is intended for a single IoT entity or more than one IoT entities) . In some aspects, whether the transmitting entity selects an ID of the IoT entity and / or an ID of the reader entity may be based on a device type of the IoT entity (e.g., whether the tag has different transmit capabilities, such as backscattering transmission, or active transmission using internal oscillator) . In some aspects, to provide interference randomization, the transmitting entity may add a time index associated with the selected ID in the message. In some aspects, the transmitting entity may include the selected ID or a portion of the selected ID in the payload of the message. In some aspects, the transmitting entity may use the selected ID (or a portion of the selected ID) to scramble the payload of the message.
[0041] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communication systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to process flows, apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to payload ID determination for IoT communication.
[0042] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communication system 100 that supports payload ID determination for IoT communication in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more devices, such as one or more network devices (e.g., network entities 105) , one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some aspects, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0043] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communication system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various aspects, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some aspects, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link (s) 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish the communication link (s) 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0044] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices in the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., other wireless communication devices, including UEs 115 or network entities 105) , as shown in FIG. 1.
[0045] As described herein, a node of the wireless communication system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0046] As described herein, a network entity (which may alternatively be referred to as an entity, a node, a network node, or a wireless entity) may be, be similar to, include, or be included in (e.g., be a component of) a base station (e.g., any base station described herein, including a disaggregated base station) , a UE (e.g., any UE described herein) , a reduced capability (RedCap) device, an enhanced reduced capability (eRedCap) device, an A-IoT device, an energy harvesting (EH) -capable device, a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, an integrated access and backhauling (IAB) node, a distributed unit (DU) , a central unit (CU) , a remote / radio unit (RU) (which may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU) ) , and / or another processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a network entity may be a UE. As another example, a network entity may be a base station. As used herein, “network entity” may refer to an entity that is configured to operate in a network, such as the network 105. For example, a “network entity” is not limited to an entity that is currently located in and / or currently operating in the network. Rather, a network entity may be any entity that is capable of communicating and / or operating in the network.
[0047] The adjectives “first, ” “second, ” “third, ” and so on are used for contextual distinction between two or more of the modified noun in connection with a discussion and are not meant to be absolute modifiers that apply only to a certain respective entity throughout the entire document. For example, a network entity may be referred to as a “first network entity” in connection with one discussion and may be referred to as a “second network entity” in connection with another discussion, or vice versa. As an example, a first network entity may be configured to communicate with a second network entity or a third network entity. In one aspect of this example, the first network entity may be a UE, the second network entity may be a base station, and the third network entity may be a UE. In another aspect of this example, the first network entity may be a UE, the second network entity may be a base station, and the third network entity may be a base station. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third network entities may be different relative to these examples.
[0048] Similarly, reference to a UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a network entity. For example, disclosure that a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity. Consistent with this disclosure, once a specific example is broadened in accordance with this disclosure (e.g., a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity) , the broader example of the narrower example may be interpreted in the reverse, but in a broad open-ended way. In the example above where a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity, the first network entity may refer to a first UE, a first base station, a first apparatus, a first device, a first computing system, a first set of one or more one or more components, a first processing entity, or the like configured to receive the information; and the second network entity may refer to a second UE, a second base station, a second apparatus, a second device, a second computing system, a second set of one or more components, a second processing entity, or the like.
[0049] As described herein, communication of information (e.g., any information, signal, or the like) may be described in various aspects using different terminology. Disclosure of one communication term includes disclosure of other communication terms. For example, a first network entity may be described as being configured to transmit information to a second network entity. In this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network entity is configured to transmit information to the second network entity includes disclosure that the first network entity is configured to provide, send, output, communicate, or transmit information to the second network entity. Similarly, in this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network entity is configured to transmit information to the second network entity includes disclosure that the second network entity is configured to receive, obtain, or decode the information that is provided, sent, output, communicated, or transmitted by the first network entity.
[0050] As shown, the network entity (e.g., network entity 105) may include a processing system 106. Similarly, the network entity (e.g., UE 115) may include a processing system 112. A processing system may include one or more components (or subcomponents) , such as one or more components described herein. For example, a respective component of the one or more components may be, be similar to, include, or be included in at least one memory, at least one communication interface, or at least one processor. For example, a processing system may include one or more components. In such an example, the one or more components may include a first component, a second component, and a third component. In this example, the first component may be coupled to a second component and a third component. In this example, the first component may be at least one processor, the second component may be a communication interface, and the third component may be at least one memory. A processing system may generally be a system one or more components that may perform one or more functions, such as any function or combination of functions described herein. For example, one or more components may receive input information (e.g., any information that is an input, such as a signal, any digital information, or any other information) , one or more components may process the input information to generate output information (e.g., any information that is an output, such as a signal or any other information) , one or more components may perform any function as described herein, or any combination thereof. As described herein, an “input” and “input information” may be used interchangeably. Similarly, as described herein, an “output” and “output information” may be used interchangeably. Any information generated by any component may be provided to one or more other systems or components of, for example, a network entity described herein) . For example, a processing system may include a first component configured to receive or obtain information, a second component configured to process the information to generate output information, and / or a third component configured to provide the output information to other systems or components. In this example, the first component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface) , the second component may be at least one processor (e.g., that is coupled to the communication interface and / or at least one memory) , and the third component may be a communication interface (e.g., the first communication interface or a second communication interface) . For example, a processing system may include at least one memory, at least one communication interface, and / or at least one processor, where the at least one processor may, for example, be coupled to the at least one memory and the at least one communication interface.
[0051] A processing system of a network entity described herein may interface with one or more other components of the network entity, may process information received from one or more other components (such as input information) , or may output information to one or more other components. For example, a processing system may include a first component configured to interface with one or more other components of the network entity to receive or obtain information, a second component configured to process the information to generate one or more outputs, and / or a third component configured to output the one or more outputs to one or more other components. In this example, the first component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface) , the second component may be at least one processor (e.g., that is coupled to the communication interface and / or at least one memory) , and the third component may be a communication interface (e.g., the first communication interface or a second communication interface) . For example, a chip or modem of the network entity may include a processing system. The processing system may include a first communication interface to receive or obtain information, and a second communication interface to output, transmit, or provide information. In some aspects, the first communication interface may be an interface configured to receive input information, and the information may be provided to the processing system. In some aspects, the second system interface may be configured to transmit information output from the chip or modem. The second communication interface may also obtain or receive input information, and the first communication interface may also output, transmit, or provide information.
[0052] In some aspects, network entities 105 may communicate with a core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some aspects, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) . In some aspects, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link (s) 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) or one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0053] One or more of the network entities 105 or network equipment described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some aspects, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within one network entity (e.g., a network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0054] In some aspects, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among multiple network entities (e.g., network entities 105) , such as an IAB network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a CU, such as a CU 160, a DU, such as a DU 165, an RU, such as an RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , such as an RIC 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, such as an SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , an RRU, or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some aspects, one or more of the network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0055] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some aspects, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may be connected to a DU 165 (e.g., one or more DUs) or an RU 170 (e.g., one or more RUs) , or some combination thereof, and the DUs 165, RUs 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or multiple different RUs, such as an RU 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165 or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to a DU 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to an RU 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some aspects, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities (e.g., one or more of the network entities 105) that are in communication via such communication links.
[0056] In some wireless communication systems (e.g., the wireless communication system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more of the network entities 105 (e.g., network entities 105 or IAB node (s) 104) may be partially controlled by each other. The IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. A DU 165 or an RU 170 may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a network entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or a donor base station) . The one or more donor entities (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node (s) 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) . IAB node (s) 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may be equipped with an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of IAB node (s) 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some aspects, the IAB node (s) 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node (s) 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104 or components of the IAB node (s) 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0057] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support test as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., components such as an IAB node, a DU 165, a CU 160, an RU 170, an RIC 175, an SMO system 180) .
[0058] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some aspects, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an IoT device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, or meters, among other examples.
[0059] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as UEs 115 that may sometimes operate as relays, as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0060] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via the communication link (s) 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting the communication link (s) 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link (s) 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communication system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more of the network entities 105) .
[0061] The communication link (s) 125 of the wireless communication system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from a network entity 105 to a UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from a UE 115 to a network entity 105, or both, among other configurations of transmissions. Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode) .
[0062] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum and, in some aspects, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wireless communication system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths for carriers of a particular RAT (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz) ) . Devices of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., the network entities 105, the UEs 115, or both) may have hardware configurations that support communications using a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communications using one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some aspects, the wireless communication system 100 may include network entities 105 or UEs 115 that support concurrent communications using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some aspects, each served UE 115 may be configured for operating using portions (e.g., a sub-band, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth.
[0063] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT- S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0064] One or more numerologies for a carrier may be supported, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing (Δf) and a cyclic prefix. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs having the same or different numerologies. In some aspects, a UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some aspects, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time and communications for the UE 115 may be restricted to one or more active BWPs.
[0065] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0066] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some aspects, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communication systems, such as the wireless communication system 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0067] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communication system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some aspects, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0068] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to UEs 115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or may include UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a UE 115 (e.g., a specific UE) .
[0069] In some aspects, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) ) that may provide access for different types of devices.
[0070] In some aspects, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area, such as the coverage area 110. In some aspects, coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) associated with different technologies may overlap, but the coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., a network entity 105) . In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas, such as a coverage area 110, associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., the network entities 105) . The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 support communications for coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.
[0071] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be relatively low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication) . M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) without human intervention. In some aspects, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application program that uses the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.
[0072] The wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0073] In some aspects, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs (e.g., one or more of the UEs 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link, such as a D2D communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some aspects, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some aspects, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some aspects, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more of the UEs 115 in the group. In some aspects, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0074] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0075] The wireless communication system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0076] The wireless communication system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some aspects, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0077] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some aspects, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0078] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0079] The wireless communication system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. An RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. A MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer also may implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, an RRC layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. A PHY layer may map transport channels to physical channels.
[0080] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may support retransmissions of data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is one technique for increasing the likelihood that data is received correctly via a communication link (e.g., the communication link (s) 125, a D2D communication link 135) . HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) ) , forward error correction (FEC) , and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ) ) . HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer in relatively poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise conditions) . In some aspects, a device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, in which case the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data received via a previous symbol in the slot. In some other examples, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to some other time interval.
[0081] The wireless communication system 100 may include IoT entities such as A-IoT devices, for example, to reduce energy costs and increase an economic efficiency of the wireless communication system. IoT devices in the wireless communication system 100 may be used for applications such as inventory tracking, sensing, positioning, or command systems. In some aspects, an IoT entity may be deployed in a relatively dense environment (e.g., indoors) that includes other tags and multiple potential readers. In such cases, multiple devices (e.g., multiple tags or multiple reader entities) may communicate concurrently. Communications in a dense environment may be susceptible to increased interference and security vulnerabilities.
[0082] In some aspects, the wireless communication system 100 may support NB-IoT using narrowband transmissions (e.g., narrowband physical downlink shared channel (NPDSCH) transmissions, narrowband physical uplink shared channel (NPUSCH) , narrowband demodulation reference signal (DMRS) in NPUSCH, or narrowband physical downlink control channel (NPDCCH) transmissions) . In such examples, the cell ID, UE ID, or time index may be used for scrambling initialization of the narrowband transmissions to provide security. For example, for an NPDSCH, the cell ID, UE ID, and time index may be used for scrambling initialization, where the scrambling / cover code may be given by c_init=nRNTI*215+ (nf mod2) *213+ (ns / 2) *29+NID, where NID is a 10 bit cell ID, nRNTI is the 16 bit radio network temporary ID (RNTI) of the UE 115, nf is the first frame, and ns is the first slot of the NPDSCH. As another example, for NPUSCH, the cell ID, UE ID, and time index may be used for scrambling initialization, where the scrambling / cover code may be given by c_init=nRNTI*215+ (nf mod (2) ) *213+ (ns / 2) *29+NID, where NID is a 10 bit cell ID, nRNTI is the 16 bit RNTI of the UE 115, nf is the first frame, and ns is the first slot of the NPUSCH. As another example, for a narrowband DMRS in an NPUSCH, the scrambling / cover code may be given by c_init=35, plus the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) code w as a cover code, where the 10 bit cell ID mod (15) is used for w. As another example, for NPDCCH, the cell ID and time index may be used for scrambling initialization, where the scrambling / cover code may be given by c_init= (ns / 2) *29+NID, where NID is a 10 bit cell ID, and ns is the first slot of the NPDCCH.
[0083] In some aspects, the cell ID, UE ID, or time index may be used for scrambling initialization of the narrowband transmissions to provide security. For example, for physical downlink shared channel (PDCCH) transmissions and / or DMRS in PDSCH, the cell ID, UE ID, and time index may be used for scrambling initialization. For example, for a PDSCH, the scrambling / cover code may be given by c_init=nRNTI*215+q*214*+NID, where NID is a 10 bit cell ID or virtual cell ID and nRNTI is the 16 bit RNTI of the UE 115. As another example, for a DMRS in a PDSCH, the scrambling / cover code may be given by c_init= (217 (14*ns, f+l+1) (2NID+1) +2NID+217 (lambda / 2) +L) mod (231) , where NID is a 16 bit scrambling ID0 / 1, ns, f is the slot index, and l is the symbol index. And as another example, for physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) and DMRS in a PUSCH, the cell ID, UE ID, and time index may be used for scrambling initialization. For example, for a PUSCH, the scrambling / cover code may be given by c_init=nRNTI*215+q*214*+NID, where NID is a 16 bit datascramblingIdentityPUSCH (e.g., provided by higher layer signaling) or a 10 bit cell ID, and nRNTI is the 16 bit C-RNTI for the UE 115. As another example, for a PUSCH used for msgA of a Random Access procedure, the scrambling / cover code may be given by c_init=nRNTI*216+nRAPID*210*+NID, where NID is a 16 bit msgA-DataScramblingIndex (e.g., provided by higher layer signaling) or a 10 bit cell ID, nRAPID is an 8 bit nRAPID (e.g., provided by higher layer signaling) , and nRNTI is the 15 bit RA-RNTI for the UE 115. As another example, for a DMRS in a PUSCH, the scrambling / cover code may be given by c_init= (217 (14*ns, f+l+1) (2NID+1) +2NID) mod (231) where NID is a 16 bit sl-DMRS-ScrambleID (e.g., provided by higher layer signaling) , ns, f is the slot index, and l is the symbol index. And as another example, for physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and DMRS in PDCCH, the cell ID, UE ID, and time index may be used for scrambling initialization. For example, for a PDCCH, the scrambling / cover code may be given by c_init= (nRNTI*216+NID) mod (231) , where NID is a 16 bit pdcch-DMRS-ScramblingID (e.g., provided by higher layer signaling) or a 10 bit Cell ID and nRNTI is the 16 bit C-RNTI for the UE 115. As another example, for a DMRS in a PDCCH, the scrambling / cover code may be given by c_init= (217 (14*ns, f+l+1) (2NID+1) +2NID) mod (231) , where NID is a 16 bit pdcch-DMRS-ScramblingID (e.g., provided by higher layer signaling) or a 10 bit Cell ID, ns, f is the slot index, and l is the symbol index. As another example, for physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmissions and DMRS in PUCCH, the cell ID, UE ID, and time index may be used for scrambling initialization. For example, for a PUCCH of format 2, 3, or 4, the scrambling / cover code may be given by c_init=nRNTI*215+NID, where NID is a 16 bit datascramblingIdentityPUSCH (e.g., provided by higher layer signaling) or a 10 bit cell ID, and nRNTI is the 16 bit C-RNTI for the UE 115. As another example, for a DMRS in a PUCCH (e.g., for format 2) , the scrambling / cover code may be given by c_init= (217 (14*ns, f+l+1) (2NID+1) +2NID) mod (231) , where NID is a 16 bit scrambling ID0 / 1 or the 10 bit cell ID, ns, f is the slot index, and l is the symbol index.
[0084] In some aspects, for sidelink, the sidelink ID and time index may be used for scrambling initialization. For example, for a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) for a first stage sidelink control information (SCI) , the scrambling / cover code may be given by c_init=1010. The DMRS in a PSCCH may be given by c_init= (217 (14*ns, f+l+1) (2NID+1) +2NID) mod (231) , where NID is 16-bit sl-DMRS-ScrambleID (e.g., provided by higher layer signaling) , ns, f is the slot index, and l is the symbol index. In some aspects, for physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) transmissions, the PSSCH CRC may be used as the ID, and the PSSCH CRC and time index may be used for scrambling initiation. PSSCH may include a second stage SCI that may include the 8 bit least significant bit (LSB) of a 24 bit source layer 2 ID and the 16 bit LSB of the 24 bit destination layer 2 ID. For example, for the second stage SCI, the scrambling / cover code may be given by c_init=215NID+1010, where NID=NIDX mod (216) and NIDX may be a decimal of CRC on PSCCH. As another example, for the data on a PSSCH, the scrambling / cover code may be given by c_init=215NID+1010, where NID=NIDX mod (216) and NIDX may be a decimal of CRC on PSCCH. As another example, for the DMRS in a PSSCH, the scrambling / cover code may be given by c_init= (217 (14*ns, f+l+1) (2NID+1) +2NID) mod (231) , where NID=NIDX mod (216) and NIDX may be a decimal of CRC on PSCCH, ns, f is the slot index, and l is the symbol index.
[0085] In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, an IoT entity and / or a reader entity may uniquely identify a message communicated between the IoT entity and the reader entity to increase transmission reliability. For example, a transmitting entity (the IoT entity or the reader entity) may select an ID of the IoT entity and / or an ID of the reader entity to identify a transmitted message. In some aspects, whether the transmitting entity selects an ID of the IoT entity or an ID of the reader entity may be based on a cast type of the message (e.g., whether the message will be broadcast, groupcast, multicast, or unicast) and / or a functionality for which the message is sent (e.g., whether the message is sent for initial access, to schedule data, to indicate feedback, or as a WUS) . In some aspects, whether the device selects an ID of the IoT entity and / or an ID of the reader entity may be based on a receiver of the message (e.g., whether the message is intended for a single IoT entity or more than one IoT entities) . In some aspects, whether the transmitting entity selects an ID of the IoT entity and / or an ID of the reader entity may be based on a device type of the IoT entity (e.g., whether the tag has different transmit capabilities, such as backscattering transmission, or active transmission using internal oscillator) . In some aspects, to provide interference randomization in the case of collisions, the transmitting entity may add a time index associated with the selected ID in the message. In some aspects, the transmitting entity may include the selected ID (or a portion of the selected ID) in the payload of the message. In some aspects, the device may use the selected ID (or a portion of the selected ID) to scramble the payload of the message. For example, the payload may be scrambled for data-encryption purposes (e.g., at the RAN level) .
[0086] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communication system 200 that supports payload ID determination for IoT communication in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 200 may implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100.
[0087] The wireless communication system 200 may include a reader entity 205, which may be an example of a UE 115 or a network entity 105 as described herein. The reader entity 205 may be an example of an energy transfer device and / or an IoT reader. The wireless communication system 200 may include an EH-capable device 210. The EH-capable device 210 may be a UE 115 as described herein. The EH-capable device 210 may be capable of performing backscattering based communication. In some aspects, the EH-capable device 210 may be an example of an IoT device (such as an A-IoT device) , an RFID tag, or any combination thereof. The EH-capable device 210 may harvest energy over the air (e.g., via reception of an interrogating signal 215) and power transmission / reception circuitry 225 via using the energy of the interrogating signal to transmit a responsive signal 220 to the interrogating signal. Responsive signals 220 transmitted by EH-capable devices such as the EH-capable device 210 may be backscatter modulated (e.g., referred to as backscatter responses) . In some aspects, EH-capable devices may be passive, semi-passive or active and may include an energy storage device (e.g., capacitance or a battery) . In some aspects, a wireless communication system may support a bistatic structure, where one network device transmits an energy transfer signal (e.g., the interrogating signal 215) to the EH-capable device 210 and another network device (e.g., the reader entity 205) may receive the responsive signal 220 (e.g., may communicate with the EH-capable device 210) .
[0088] EH-capable devices may be passive, semi-passive, or active. Table 1 below shows characteristics of passive, semi-passive, and active EH-capable devices. Example applications for passive EH-capable devices include access or proximity cards. Example applications for semi-passive EH-capable devices include electronic tolls or pallet tracking. Example applications for active EH-capable devices include large asset tracking or livestock tracking.
[0089] Table 1
[0090] Some A-IoT devices may have a 1 μW peak power consumption, energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm (where X may be variable) and neither downlink nor uplink amplification within the A-IoT device. An uplink transmission of such an A-IoT device may be generated via backscattering a carrier wave provided externally (e.g., by a reader entity) . Some A-IoT devices may have a few hundred μW peak power consumption, energy storage, initial SFO up to 10X ppm, and both downlink and uplink amplification within the A-IoT device. The uplink transmission of such A-IoT devices may be generated internally or may be generated via backscattering a carrier wave provided externally (e.g., by a reader entity) . A-IoT devices may have a range of 10–50 meters when the devices are indoors. Communications involving A-IoT devices may use frequency range 1 (FR1) licensed spectrum and may use frequency division duplexing (FDD) . In some aspects, spectrum deployment for A-IoT devices may be in-band for NR, in guard bands for LTE or NR, or in standalone bands. In some aspects, A-IoT devices may not include RRC states or mobility configurations (e.g., may not be capable of cell selection or re-selection) . In some aspects, communication involving A-IOT devices may not include HARQ or ARQ.
[0091] As described herein, mechanisms may be used for indicating that the source or destination of a transmission is a particular reader entity, tag, or group of tags. Such mechanisms to indicate the source and / or destination of a message may improve reliability in communication between one or more tags and a reader entity in dense environments, among other potential advantages. Additionally, or alternatively, communication in a dense environment may be susceptible to increased interference and security vulnerabilities, and use of mechanisms to randomize or encrypt a message (e.g., scrambling using IDs) may help reduce interference or increase security of the message.
[0092] FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless communication system 300 that supports payload ID determination for IoT communication in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 300 may implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100 or the wireless communication system 200. For example, the wireless communication system 300 includes a reader entity 205-a, which may be an example of a reader entity 205 as described herein. As another example, the wireless communication system 300 includes an EH-capable device 210-a, which may be an example of an EH-capable device 210 as described herein. For example, the EH-capable device 210-a may be an IoT entity as described herein.
[0093] In some aspects, the reader entity 205-a may transmit a message 315 to the EH-capable device 210-a. In some aspects, the EH-capable device 210-a may transmit the message 315 to the reader entity 205-a (e.g., either backscattered in response to an interrogating signal 320 or as a self-powered transmission if the EH-capable device 210-a is an active tag) . The message 315 may include or be indicative of one or more IDs based on one or more characteristics of the message. For example, the payload of the message 315 may include at least one of the reader ID (e.g., the ID of the reader entity 205-a) , the tag ID (e.g., the ID of the EH-capable device 210-a) , or a tag group ID (GID) for a group of tags including the EH-capable device 210-a. The included or indicated ID in the payload may indicate that the data payload is intended for reception by a specific reader entity (e.g., the reader entity 205-a) or a specific tag (e.g., the EH-capable device 210-a) , or a specific tag group. The GID may be determined based on the device type, channel received power or dynamically allocated by the reader for a group of tags.
[0094] In some aspects, a scrambling code or cover code for the payload or CRC of the message 315 may be based on at least one of the reader ID, the tag ID, or the GID. For example, the scrambling code or cover code may be used to encrypt the payload without additional payload bits. Scrambling first information (e.g., a payload or CRC) using second information (e.g., an ID) as described herein may in some aspects include XORing (e.g., via a bit-wise or other type of XOR operation) the first information with the second information. In some aspects, the scrambling or cover code may be based on at least a portion of the reader ID, the tag ID, or the GID, and a remainder of the reader ID, the tag ID, or the GID may be included in the payload of the message 315. The CRC associated with the control and data message may have different length (e.g., 5-bit CRC for control message and 16-bit CRC for data message) and the scrambling code or cover code for the CRC may be based on a different portion of the reader ID, the tag ID, or the GID. In some aspects, as described herein, the scrambling or cover code for a transmission may be based on a time-varying index for the transmission (e.g., the slot index or symbol index in which the transmission is scheduled or occurs) .
[0095] In some aspects, the tag ID or the GID to be used for scrambling or to be included in the payload may be selected or updated by the transmitting device for the message 315 (e.g., the EH-capable device 210-a if the message 315 is transmitted by the EH-capable device 210-a or the reader entity 205-a if the message 315 is transmitted by the reader entity 205-a) per triggered transmission procedure. The selected ID may be used for messages transmitted by the given transmitting device to the given destination until a subsequent trigger or query. For example, a trigger or query may be receipt of a control message 325 by the transmitting device of the message 315, where the control message 325 schedules the transmission of the message 315 or another message. For example, if an EH-capable device 210-a is the transmitting device, the control message 325 may be received from the reader entity 205-a. As another example, if the reader entity 205-a is the transmitting device, the control message 325 may be received from another network device, such as the network entity 105-a, or may be received from higher layers of the reader entity 205-a (e.g., the trigger may be an indication from a higher layer such as the MAC layer of the reader entity 205-a that there is data to transmit) . In some aspects, the transmitting device may include the reader ID in the message 315 if the reader ID is used for scrambling the payload or if the reader ID is included in the payload and the reader ID is selected or updated by the reader entity 205-a per trigger (e.g., the reader entity 205-a is the transmitting device for the message 315) . In some aspects, the time-varying index per triggered transmission procedure (e.g., query index to trigger the inventory procedure) may be included in the scrambling code, for example, to provide randomization. In some aspects, the ID may be updated per triggered procedure, for example, the reader entity 205-a may generate a random number as the temporary ID of the reader entity 205-a and may inform the temporary ID to the tag (s) (e.g., the EH-capable device 210-a and / or a group of EH-capable devices including the EH-capable device 210-a) ; or a tag (e.g., the EH-capable device 210-a) may be requested to generate a random number as the temporary ID of the tag and may report the temporary ID to the reader entity 205-a as a response.
[0096] In some aspects, the EH-capable device 210-a may be one of a group of EH-capable devices, and the message 315 may be transmitted by the reader entity 205-a to the group of EH-capable devices. In such aspects, the reader ID may be used for scrambling the message 315 or may be included in the payload of the message 315. In some aspects, if the message is transmitted to the EH-capable device 210-a or to a group of EH-capable devices that includes the EH-capable device, both the reader ID and the tag ID or GID may be used for scrambling the message 315 or may be included in the payload of the message 315.
[0097] In some aspects, the reader entity 205-a may be a network entity 105 as described herein (e.g., a base station or an entity of a base station) , in which case the reader ID may be a 10 bit cell ID or a virtual cell ID configured by the network entity 105 which may be indicated to the EH-capable device, for example, in control signaling 330. The topology where the reader entity 205-a is a network entity 105 may be referred to as Topology 1.
[0098] In some aspects, the reader entity 205-a may be a UE 115, and the reader entity 205-a may be controlled by a network entity 105-a, which may be a network entity 105 as described herein (e.g., a base station or an entity of a base station) . The topology where the reader entity 205-a is a UE 115 controlled by a network entity 105-a may be referred to as Topology 2. In some aspects, in the case of Topology 2, the reader ID may be an ID randomly selected by the reader entity 205-a (which is a UE 115) , which may be indicated to the network entity 105-a via control signaling 335 and to the EH-capable device 210-a via the control signaling 330. For example, the ID randomly selected by the reader entity 205-a may be an RNTI, e.g., such as or similar to a relay RNTI. In some aspects, in the case of Topology 2, the reader ID may be the UE ID allocated to the reader entity 205-a by the network entity 105-a (e.g., such as or similar to a 16 bit C-RNTI or an RNTI associated with control signaling) . In some aspects, in the case of Topology 2, the reader ID may be the UE ID of the reader entity 205-a as determined by higher layers (e.g., RRC) or the core network 130 as described herein. For example, the UE ID may be a source layer 2 ID for a UE 115. In some aspects, such a UE ID may be used even if the reader entity 205-a is not connected to a serving cell. In some aspects, in the case of Topology 2, the reader ID may be the base station ID of the network entity 105-a controlling or serving the reader entity 205-a. In such aspects, the reader ID for multiple reader entities served or controlled by the same network entity 105-a may be the same.
[0099] In some aspects, if the message 315 is transmitted to the EH-capable device 210-a or to a group of EH-capable devices including the EH-capable device 210-a, the tag ID for the EH-capable device 210-a or the GID for the group of EH-capable devices including the EH-capable device 210-a may be used for scrambling the message 315 or may be included in the payload of the message 315. In some aspects, in the case of Topology 1, the tag ID may be an ID (e.g., 16 bits) randomly selected by the EH-capable device 210-a, which may be indicted to the reader entity in control signaling 340. In some aspects, in the case of Topology 1, the GID may be an ID randomly selected by an anchor tag (e.g., the EH-capable device 210-a may be an anchor tag for a group of EH-capable devices) , and the GID may be groupcast in control signaling 340 to the reader entity 205-a and the other EH-capable devices in the group. In some aspects, the anchor tag in the group of ED-capable devices may be nominated by the reader entity 205-a. In some aspects, in the case of Topology 1, the tag ID or the GID may be a 16 bit RNTI allocated by the reader entity 205-a (e.g., in the control signaling 330) .
[0100] In some aspects, in the case of Topology 2, the tag ID may be an ID (e.g., 16 bits) randomly selected by the EH-capable device 210-a, which may be reported to the reader entity 205-a via the control signaling 340. In some aspects, in the case of Topology 2, the GID may be randomly selected by an anchor tag, (e.g., the EH-capable device 210-a may be an anchor tag for a group of EH-capable devices) , and the GID may be groupcast in control signaling 340 to the reader entity 205-a and the other EH-capable devices in the group. In some aspects, the anchor tag in the group of ED-capable devices may be nominated by the reader entity 205-a (e.g., the UE 115) or the network entity 105-a. In some aspects, in the case of Topology 2, the tag ID or the GID may be an ID (e.g., 16 bits) allocated by the reader entity 205-a to the EH-capable device 210-a or the group of EH-capable devices including the EH-capable device 210-a in a manner transparent to the network entity 105-a.
[0101] In some such aspects, the network (e.g., the network entity 105-a, higher layers such as RRC, or the core network 130) may allocate non-overlapping tag ID or GID pools to different intermediate nodes (e.g., different reader entities 205 such as the reader entity 205-a) . In some aspects, in the case of Topology 2, the tag ID or the GID may be determined by higher layers such as RRC or the core network 130. For example, the tag ID may be a destination layer 2 ID or an authentication ID provided by the core network 130 (such as a 32 bit RFID tag ID (TID) ) . In some aspects, in the case of Topology 2, the tag ID or the GID may be a tag product ID associated with tag device manufacturers or vendors. For example, the tag ID may be a unique ID that is assigned at the time of manufacturing. In such aspects, the tag product ID may be indicated to the reader entity 205-a during an inventory procedure or during registration to the core network 130. In some aspects, in the case of Topology 2, the tag ID or the GID may be an ID allocated by the network entity 105-a to the EH-capable device 210-a or to the group of EH-capable devices including the EH-capable device 210-a. For example, the tag ID or GID may be a 16 bit RNTI which is indicated by the network entity 105-a to both the reader entity 205-a and the EH-capable device 210-a. In such aspects, even if the EH-capable device connects to a different reader entity 205 (e.g., a different UE 115) that is served by the same serving cell as the reader entity 205-a, the tag ID does not change.
[0102] In some aspects, whether and how to use the reader ID, the tag ID, and / or the GID in the message 315 may depend on the control functionality of the message 315, cast type of the message, or the device type of the EH-capable device 210-a. For example, different control functionalities may include initial access, scheduling downlink data, scheduling uplink data, downlink data, uplink data, uplink feedback, or a downlink WUS. For example, for initial access, the reader entity 205-a does not know the tag ID, so the message 315 may include a broadcast reader ID. As another example, for downlink data or uplink data after initial access, the message 315 may include the reader ID, tag ID, or GID depending on whether the cast type of the message is unicast (in which case the tag ID is likely to be included) , groupcast (in which case the GID is likely to be included) , or broadcast (in which case the reader ID is likely to be included) . As another example, in the case the message 315 is uplink feedback in response to downlink data, the message 315 may include the tag ID in the message 315 as implicit acknowledgment of the downlink data. As another example, if the message 315 is a downlink WUS for a group of EH-capable devices, the reader ID and the GID may be included in the message 315. As another example, the cast type of the message may affect the determination by the transmitting device of the ID to include in the message. For example, if the message is unicast, the tag ID or a combination of the tag ID and the reader ID may be included in the message 315. As another example, if the message is groupcast, the GID or a combination of the GID and the reader ID may be included in the message 315. As another example, the message 315 is broadcast, the reader ID may be included in the message 315.
[0103] In some aspects, the device type of the EH-capable device 210-a may affect whether and how to use the reader ID, the tag ID, and / or the GID in the message 315. For example, device type 1 may have a 1 μW peak power consumption, energy storage, initial SF up to 10X ppm, and neither downlink nor uplink amplification within the type 1 device. An uplink transmission of a type 1 device may be generated via backscattering a carrier wave provided externally (e.g., by a reader entity 205) . A type 2a device may have few hundred μW peak power consumption, energy storage, initial SFO up to 10X ppm, and both downlink and uplink amplification within the type 2a device. An uplink transmission of a type 2a device may be generated via backscattering a carrier wave provided externally (e.g., by a reader entity) . A type 2b device may have few hundred μW peak power consumption, energy storage, initial SFO up to 10X ppm, and both downlink and uplink amplification within the type 2b device. An uplink transmission of a type 2b device may be generated internally. In some aspects, the tag groupings may be based on device types (e.g., devices of the same type may be grouped together) , and accordingly the GID may depend on the device types.
[0104] FIG. 4 shows an example of a process flow 400 that supports payload ID determination for IoT communication in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 400 may include a first network entity 405 and a second network entity 410. In the following description of the process flow 400, the operations between the first network entity 405 and the second network entity 410 may be transmitted in a different order than the example order shown, or the operations performed by the first network entity 405 and the second network entity 410 may be performed in different orders or at different times. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow 400, and other operations may be added to the process flow 400.
[0105] At 415, the first network entity 405 may determine, based on one or more characteristics of a message, one or more IDs from a set of IDs, where the message is for transmission to the second network entity 410, where the first network entity is an IoT entity (e.g., an EH-capable device) or a reader entity, and where the second network entity 410 is the IoT entity or the reader entity, and where the set of IDs includes a first ID associated with the first network entity 405 and a second ID associated with the second network entity 410.
[0106] At 420, the first network entity 405 may cause at least a portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs.
[0107] At 425, the first network entity 405 may transmit the message to the second network entity 410.
[0108] In some aspects, causing at least the portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs involves including the one or more IDs in the portion of the message. In some aspects, causing at least the portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs involves scrambling, using a scrambling code that is based on the one or more IDs, at least the portion of the message. In some aspects, the scrambling code is based on a respective first portion of at least one of the one or more IDs, and the first network entity 405 may include, in the message, a respective second portion of the at least one of the one or more IDs. In some aspects, the scrambling code is based on a time index (e.g., a frame, slot, and / or symbol) associated with the transmission of the message, for example, to randomize the scrambling code.
[0109] In some aspects, causing at least the portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs involves causing the message to include an error detection code (e.g., CRC) that is based on the one or more IDs.
[0110] In some aspects, the first network entity 405 may update, prior to the determination of the one or more IDs at 415, at least one ID of the one or more IDs generated in response to a trigger. In some aspects, the trigger may be receipt by the first network entity 405 of a first data message or receipt by the first network entity 405 of a control message that schedules a transmission by the first network entity 405.
[0111] In some aspects, the first network entity 405 is the reader entity, the second network entity 410 is the IoT entity, and the first network entity 405 may determine at least the second ID based on the message being for transmission to a group of IoT entities that includes the second network entity 410.
[0112] In some aspects, the first network entity 405 is the reader entity and the set of IDs includes a third ID associated with a group of IoT devices that includes the second network entity 410, and the first network entity 405 may determine at least the third ID based on the message being for transmission to the group of IoT devices.
[0113] In some aspects, the first network entity 405 is the reader entity, the second network entity 410 is the IoT entity, and the first network entity 405 may determine at least the first ID based on the message being for transmission to the second network entity individually.
[0114] In some aspects, the reader entity may be a base station, and the second ID may be a cell ID or a virtual cell ID associated with the base station.
[0115] In some aspects, the reader entity may be a UE, and the second ID may be an ID of the UE or an ID of a base station associated with a serving cell for the UE.
[0116] In some aspects, the first network entity 405 is the reader entity, and the first network entity 405 may transmit, prior to the transmission of the message at 425, an indication of the second ID to the base station or to the second network entity 410.
[0117] In some aspects, the first network entity 405 may receive, prior to the transmission of the message, an indication of the second ID from the base station or a core network entity; or the first network entity 405 may receive an indication of the first ID from the second network entity 410 or the base station.
[0118] In some aspects, the first network entity 405 is the IoT entity, the second network entity 410 is the reader entity, and the first network entity 405 may transmit, prior to transmission of the message, an indication of the first ID to the second network entity 410.
[0119] In some aspects, the first network entity 405 is the IoT entity, the second network entity 410 is the reader entity, the set of IDs includes a third ID associated with a group of IoT entities that includes the first network entity 405, and the first network entity 405 may transmit, based on the first network entity being an anchor entity within the group of IoT entities, an indication of the third ID to one or more other IoT entities in the group of IoT entities and to the second network entity 410.
[0120] In some aspects, the first network entity 405 is the IoT entity, the second network entity 410 is the reader entity, and the first network entity 405 may receive an indication of the first ID from the second network entity 410, where the reader entity is a base station or a UE.
[0121] In some aspects, the first network entity 405 is the IoT entity, and the first ID includes a destination ID associated with the IoT entity, an authentication ID associated with the IoT entity, or a product ID associated with a manufacturer of the IoT entity.
[0122] In some aspects, the one or more characteristics of the message include a type of control message corresponding to the message, a cast type of the message, a quantity of intended receivers for the message, or a device type of one or more intended receivers for the message.
[0123] In some aspects, determination of the one or more IDs may be based on a device type of the IoT entity.
[0124] FIG. 5 shows a block diagram 500 of a device 505 that supports payload ID determination for IoT communication in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 505 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 or a network entity 105 as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the device 505 may be an example of a reader entity 205 or an EH-capable device 210. The device 505 may include a receiver 510, a transmitter 515, and a communications manager 520. The device 505, or one or more components of the device 505 (e.g., the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, the communications manager 520) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0125] The receiver 510 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to payload ID determination for IoT communication) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 505. The receiver 510 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0126] The transmitter 515 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 505. For example, the transmitter 515 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to payload ID determination for IoT communication) . In some aspects, the transmitter 515 may be co-located with a receiver 510 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 515 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0127] The communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of payload ID determination for IoT communication as described herein. For example, the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0128] In some aspects, the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some aspects, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0129] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0130] In some aspects, the communications manager 520 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or both. For example, the communications manager 520 may receive information from the receiver 510, send information to the transmitter 515, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0131] The communications manager 520 may support wireless communication in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining (e.g., selecting) , based on one or more characteristics of a message, one or more IDs from a set of IDs, where the message is for transmission to a second network entity, where the first network entity and the second network entity are different, where the first network entity is an IoT entity or a reader entity, and where the second network entity is the IoT entity or the reader entity, and where the set of IDs includes a first ID associated with the first network entity and a second ID associated with the second network entity. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for causing at least a portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the message to the second network entity.
[0132] By including or configuring the communications manager 520 in accordance with aspects as described herein, the device 505 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, the communications manager 520, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for more efficient utilization of communication resources.
[0133] FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports payload ID determination for IoT communication in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of a device 505, a UE 115, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communications manager 620. The device 605, or one or more components of the device 605 (e.g., the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, the communications manager 620) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0134] The receiver 610 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to payload ID determination for IoT communication) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 605. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0135] The transmitter 615 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 605. For example, the transmitter 615 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to payload ID determination for IoT communication) . In some aspects, the transmitter 615 may be co-located with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 615 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0136] The device 605, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of payload ID determination for IoT communication as described herein. For example, the communications manager 620 may include an ID manager 625, a message ID manager 630, a message transmission manager 635, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 620 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 520 as described herein. In some aspects, the communications manager 620, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both. For example, the communications manager 620 may receive information from the receiver 610, send information to the transmitter 615, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0137] The communications manager 620 may support wireless communication in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. The ID manager 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining (e.g., selecting) , based on one or more characteristics of a message, one or more IDs from a set of IDs, where the message is for transmission to a second network entity, where the first network entity and the second network entity are different, where the first network entity is an IoT entity or a reader entity, and where the second network entity is the IoT entity or the reader entity, and where the set of IDs includes a first ID associated with the first network entity and a second ID associated with the second network entity. The message ID manager 630 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for causing at least a portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs. The message transmission manager 635 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmit the message to the second network entity.
[0138] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a communications manager 720 that supports payload ID determination for IoT communication in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 720 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 520, a communications manager 620, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 720, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of payload ID determination for IoT communication as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720 may include an ID manager 725, a message ID manager 730, a message transmission manager 735, a scrambling manager 740, an error detection code manager 745, an ID update manager 750, a group of IoT devices ID manager 755, an ID indication manager 760, an anchor entity ID manager 765, an ID portion manager 770, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) . The communications may include communications within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with a network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with a network entity 105) , or any combination thereof.
[0139] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communication in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. The ID manager 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining (e.g., selecting) , based on one or more characteristics of a message, one or more IDs from a set of IDs, where the message is for transmission to a second network entity, where the first network entity and the second network entity are different, where the first network entity is an IoT entity or a reader entity, and where the second network entity is the IoT entity or the reader entity, and where the set of IDs includes a first ID associated with the first network entity and a second ID associated with the second network entity. The message ID manager 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for causing at least a portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs. The message transmission manager 735 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmit the message to the second network entity.
[0140] In some aspects, to support causing at least the portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs, the message ID manager 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for including the one or more IDs in the portion of the message.
[0141] In some aspects, to support causing at least the portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs, the scrambling manager 740 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for scrambling, using a scrambling code that is based on the one or more IDs, at least the portion of the message.
[0142] In some aspects, the scrambling code is based on a respective first portion of at least one of the one or more IDs, and the ID portion manager 770 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for including, in the message, a respective second portion of the at least one of the one or more IDs.
[0143] In some aspects, the scrambling code is based on a time index associated with the transmission of the message.
[0144] In some aspects, to support causing at least the portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs, the error detection code manager 745 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for causing the message to include an error detection code that is based on the one or more IDs.
[0145] In some aspects, the ID update manager 750 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for updating, prior to the determination of the one or more IDs, at least one ID of the one or more IDs generated in response to a trigger.
[0146] In some aspects, the trigger may be receipt by the first network entity of a first data message or receipt by the first network entity of a control message that schedules a transmission by the first network entity.
[0147] In some aspects, the first network entity is the reader entity and, to support determining the one or more IDs, the ID manager 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining at least the second ID based on the message being for transmission to a group of IoT entities that includes the second network entity, where the second network entity is the IoT entity.
[0148] In some aspects, the first network entity is the reader entity, the second network entity is the IoT entity, the set of IDs includes a third ID associated with a group of IoT devices that includes the second network entity, and, to support determining the one or more IDs, the group of IoT devices ID manager 755 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining at least the third ID based on the message being for transmission to the group of IoT devices.
[0149] In some aspects, the first network entity is the reader entity and, to support determining the one or more IDs, the ID manager 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining at least the first ID based on the message being for transmission to the second network entity individually, where the second network entity is the IoT entity.
[0150] In some aspects, the reader entity includes a base station. In some aspects, the second ID includes a cell ID or a virtual cell ID associated with the base station.
[0151] In some aspects, the reader entity is a UE. In some aspects, the second ID includes an ID of the UE or an ID of a base station associated with a serving cell for the UE.
[0152] In some aspects, the first network entity is the reader entity, and the ID indication manager 760 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, prior to the transmission of the message, an indication of the second ID to the base station or to the second network entity.
[0153] In some aspects, the ID indication manager 760 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, prior to the transmission of the message, an indication of the second ID from the base station or a core network entity. In some aspects, the ID indication manager 760 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving an indication of the first ID from the second network entity or the base station.
[0154] In some aspects, the first network entity is the reader entity, and the ID indication manager 760 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, prior to transmission of the message, an indication of the first ID to the second network entity, where the second network entity is the reader entity.
[0155] In some aspects, the first network entity is the reader entity, the set of IDs includes a third ID associated with a group of IoT entities that includes the first network entity, and the anchor entity ID manager 765 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, based on the first network entity being an anchor entity within the group of IoT entities, an indication of the third ID to one or more other IoT entities in the group of IoT entities and to the second network entity, where the second network entity is the reader entity.
[0156] In some aspects, the first network entity is the reader entity, and the ID indication manager 760 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving an indication of the first ID from the second network entity, where the second network entity is the reader entity, and where the reader entity is a base station or a UE.
[0157] In some aspects, the first network entity is the IoT entity. In some aspects, the first ID includes a destination ID associated with the IoT entity, an authentication ID associated with the IoT entity, or a product ID associated with a manufacturer of the IoT entity.
[0158] In some aspects, the one or more characteristics of the message include a type of control message corresponding to the message, a cast type of the message, a quantity of intended receivers for the message, or a device type of one or more intended receivers for the message.
[0159] In some aspects, determination of the one or more IDs is based on a device type of the IoT entity.
[0160] FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a system 800 including a device 805 that supports payload ID determination for IoT communication in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 805 may be an example of or include components of a device 505, a device 605, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 805 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more other devices (e.g., network entities 105, UEs 115, or a combination thereof) . The device 805 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 820, an input / output (I / O) controller, such as an I / O controller 810, a transceiver 815, one or more antennas 825, at least one memory 830, code 835, and at least one processor 840. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 845) .
[0161] The I / O controller 810 may manage input and output signals for the device 805. The I / O controller 810 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 805. In some cases, the I / O controller 810 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 810 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 810 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 810 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 840. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 805 via the I / O controller 810 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 810.
[0162] In some cases, the device 805 may include a single antenna. However, in some other cases, the device 805 may have more than one antenna, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 815 may communicate bi-directionally via the one or more antennas 825 using wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 815 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 815 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 825 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 825. The transceiver 815, or the transceiver 815 and one or more antennas 825, may be an example of a transmitter 515, a transmitter 615, a receiver 510, a receiver 610, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0163] The at least one memory 830 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 830 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 835. The code 835 may include instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 840, cause the device 805 to perform various functions described herein. The code 835 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 835 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 840 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 830 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0164] The at least one processor 840 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 840 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 840. The at least one processor 840 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 830) to cause the device 805 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting payload ID determination for IoT communication) . For example, the device 805 or a component of the device 805 may include at least one processor 840 and at least one memory 830 coupled with or to the at least one processor 840, the at least one processor 840 and the at least one memory 830 configured to perform various functions described herein. In some aspects, the at least one processor 840 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 830 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some aspects, the at least one processor 840 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 840) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 830) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 840 or a processing system including the at least one processor 840 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 805 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code 835 (e.g., processor-executable code) stored in the at least one memory 830 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0165] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communication in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining (e.g., selecting) , based on one or more characteristics of a message, one or more IDs from a set of IDs, where the message is for transmission to a second network entity, where the first network entity and the second network entity are different, where the first network entity is an IoT entity or a reader entity, and where the second network entity is the IoT entity or the reader entity, and where the set of IDs includes a first ID associated with the first network entity and a second ID associated with the second network entity. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for causing at least a portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the message to the second network entity.
[0166] By including or configuring the communications manager 820 in accordance with aspects as described herein, the device 805 may support techniques for improved communication reliability, more efficient utilization of communication resources, and improved coordination between devices.
[0167] In some aspects, the communications manager 820 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 815, the one or more antennas 825, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 820 is illustrated as a separate component, in some aspects, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 820 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 840, the at least one memory 830, the code 835, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 835 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 840 to cause the device 805 to perform various aspects of payload ID determination for IoT communication as described herein, or the at least one processor 840 and the at least one memory 830 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0168] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system 900 including a device 905 that supports payload ID determination for IoT communication in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of or include components of a device 505, a device 605, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 905 may communicate with other network devices or network equipment such as one or more of the network entities 105, UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The communications may include communications over one or more wired interfaces, over one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 905 may include components that support outputting and obtaining communications, such as a communications manager 920, a transceiver 910, one or more antennas 915, at least one memory 925, code 930, and at least one processor 935. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 940) .
[0169] The transceiver 910 may support bi-directional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both as described herein. In some aspects, the transceiver 910 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively, in some aspects, the transceiver 910 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. In some aspects, the device 905 may include one or more antennas 915, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently) . The transceiver 910 may also include a modem to modulate signals, to provide the modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 915, by a wired transmitter) , to receive modulated signals (e.g., from one or more antennas 915, from a wired receiver) , and to demodulate signals. In some implementations, the transceiver 910 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 915 that are configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 915 that are configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 910 may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or one or more memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other outputting, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 910, or the transceiver 910 and the one or more antennas 915, or the transceiver 910 and the one or more antennas 915 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., the at least one processor 935, the at least one memory 925, or both) , may be included in a chip or chip assembly that is installed in the device 905. In some aspects, the transceiver 910 may be operable to support communications via one or more communications links (e.g., communication link (s) 125, backhaul communication link (s) 120, a midhaul communication link 162, a fronthaul communication link 168) .
[0170] The at least one memory 925 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. The at least one memory 925 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 930. The code 930 may include instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 935, cause the device 905 to perform various functions described herein. The code 930 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 930 may not be directly executable by a processor of the at least one processor 935 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 925 may include, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some aspects, the at least one processor 935 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 925 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein (for example, as part of a processing system) .
[0171] The at least one processor 935 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 935 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 935. The at least one processor 935 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., one or more of the at least one memory 925) to cause the device 905 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting payload ID determination for IoT communication) . For example, the device 905 or a component of the device 905 may include at least one processor 935 and at least one memory 925 coupled with one or more of the at least one processor 935, the at least one processor 935 and the at least one memory 925 configured to perform various functions described herein. The at least one processor 935 may be an example of a cloud-computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as operating systems, virtual machines, or container instances) that may host the functions (e.g., by executing code 930) to perform the functions of the device 905. The at least one processor 935 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 905 (such as within one or more of the at least one memory 925) . In some aspects, the at least one processor 935 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 925 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some aspects, the at least one processor 935 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 935) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 925) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 935 or a processing system including the at least one processor 935 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 905 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code stored in the at least one memory 925 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0172] In some aspects, a bus 940 may support communications of (e.g., within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some aspects, a bus 940 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack) , which may include communications performed within a component of the device 905, or between different components of the device 905 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where the device 905 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 920, the transceiver 910, the at least one memory 925, the code 930, and the at least one processor 935 may be located in one of the different components or divided between different components) .
[0173] In some aspects, the communications manager 920 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) . For example, the communications manager 920 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some aspects, the communications manager 920 may manage communications with one or more other network entities 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 (e.g., in cooperation with the one or more other network devices) . In some aspects, the communications manager 920 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.
[0174] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communication in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining (e.g., selecting) , based on one or more characteristics of a message, one or more IDs from a set of IDs, where the message is for transmission to a second network entity, where the first network entity and the second network entity are different, where the first network entity is an IoT entity or a reader entity, and where the second network entity is the IoT entity or the reader entity, and where the set of IDs includes a first ID associated with the first network entity and a second ID associated with the second network entity. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for causing at least a portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the message to the second network entity.
[0175] By including or configuring the communications manager 920 in accordance with aspects as described herein, the device 905 may support techniques for improved communication reliability, more efficient utilization of communication resources, and improved coordination between devices.
[0176] In some aspects, the communications manager 920 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 910, the one or more antennas 915 (e.g., where applicable) , or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 920 is illustrated as a separate component, in some aspects, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 920 may be supported by or performed by the transceiver 910, one or more of the at least one processor 935, one or more of the at least one memory 925, the code 930, or any combination thereof (for example, by a processing system including at least a portion of the at least one processor 935, the at least one memory 925, the code 930, or any combination thereof) . For example, the code 930 may include instructions executable by one or more of the at least one processor 935 to cause the device 905 to perform various aspects of payload ID determination for IoT communication as described herein, or the at least one processor 935 and the at least one memory 925 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0177] FIG. 10 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1000 that supports payload ID determination for IoT communication in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some aspects, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0178] At 1005, the method may include determining, based on one or more characteristics of a message, one or more IDs from a set of IDs, where the message is for transmission to a second network entity, where the first network entity and the second network entity are different, where the first network entity is an IoT entity or a reader entity, and where the second network entity is the IoT entity or the reader entity, and where the set of IDs includes a first ID associated with the first network entity and a second ID associated with the second network entity. The operations of 1005 may be performed in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1005 may be performed by an ID manager 725 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0179] At 1010, the method may include causing at least a portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by a message ID manager 730 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0180] At 1015, the method may include transmitting the message to the second network entity. The operations of 1015 may be performed in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1015 may be performed by a message transmission manager 735 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0181] FIG. 11 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1100 that supports payload ID determination for IoT communication in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some aspects, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0182] At 1105, the method may include determining, based on one or more characteristics of a message, one or more IDs from a set of IDs, where the message is for transmission to a second network entity, where the first network entity and the second network entity are different, where the first network entity is an IoT entity or a reader entity, and where the second network entity is the IoT entity or the reader entity, and where the set of IDs includes a first ID associated with the first network entity and a second ID associated with the second network entity. The operations of 1105 may be performed in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed by an ID manager 725 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0183] At 1110, the method may include causing at least a portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs. The operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a message ID manager 730 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0184] In some examples, to cause at least the portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs, the method may include, at 1115, including the one or more IDs in the portion of the message. The operations of 1115 may be performed in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1115 may be performed by a message ID manager 730 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0185] At 1120, the method may include transmitting the message to the second network entity. The operations of 1120 may be performed in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1120 may be performed by a message transmission manager 735 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0186] FIG. 12 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1200 that supports payload ID determination for IoT communication in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some aspects, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0187] At 1205, the method may include determining, based on one or more characteristics of a message, one or more IDs from a set of IDs, where the message is for transmission to a second network entity, where the first network entity and the second network entity are different, where the first network entity is an IoT entity or a reader entity, and where the second network entity is the IoT entity or the reader entity, and where the set of IDs includes a first ID associated with the first network entity and a second ID associated with the second network entity. The operations of 1205 may be performed in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed by an ID manager 725 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0188] At 1210, the method may include causing at least a portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs. The operations of 1210 may be performed in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a message ID manager 730 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0189] In some examples, to cause at least the portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs, the method may include, at 1215, scrambling, using a scrambling code that is based on the one or more IDs, at least the portion of the message. The operations of 1215 may be performed in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1215 may be performed by a scrambling manager 740 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0190] At 1220, the method may include transmitting the message to the second network entity. The operations of 1220 may be performed in accordance with aspects as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1220 may be performed by a message transmission manager 735 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0191] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0192] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a first network entity, comprising: determining, based on one or more characteristics of a message, one or more IDs from a set of IDs, wherein the message is for transmission to a second network entity, wherein the first network entity and the second network entity are different, wherein the first network entity is an IoT entity or a reader entity, and wherein the second network entity is the IoT entity or the reader entity, and wherein the set of IDs comprises a first ID associated with the first network entity and a second ID associated with the second network entity; causing at least a portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs; and transmit the message to the second network entity.
[0193] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein causing at least the portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs comprises: including the one or more IDs in the portion of the message.
[0194] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, wherein causing at least the portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs comprises: scrambling, using a scrambling code that is based on the one or more IDs, at least the portion of the message.
[0195] Aspect 4: The method of aspect 3, wherein the scrambling code is based on a respective first portion of at least one of the one or more IDs, the method further comprising: including, in the message, a respective second portion of the at least one of the one or more IDs.
[0196] Aspect 5: The method of aspect 4, wherein the scrambling code is based on a time index associated with the transmission of the message.
[0197] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, wherein causing at least the portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more IDs comprises: causing the message to include an error detection code that is based on the one or more IDs.
[0198] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 1 through 6, further comprising: updating, prior to the determination of the one or more IDs, at least one ID of the one or more IDs generated in response to a trigger.
[0199] Aspect 8: The method of aspect 7, wherein the trigger comprises receipt by the first network entity of a first data message or receipt by the first network entity of a control message that schedules a transmission by the first network entity.
[0200] Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 1 through 8, wherein the first network entity is the reader entity, wherein determining the one or more IDs comprises: determining, at least the second ID based on the message being for transmission to a group of IoT entities that includes the second network entity, wherein the second network entity is the IoT entity.
[0201] Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 1 through 9, wherein the first network entity is the reader entity, wherein determining the one or more IDs comprises: determining, wherein the second network entity is the IoT entity and the set of IDs comprises a third ID associated with a group of IoT devices that includes the second network entity, at least the third ID based on the message being for transmission to the group of IoT devices.
[0202] Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 1 through 8, wherein the first network entity is the reader entity, wherein determining the one or more IDs comprises: determining at least the first ID based on the message being for transmission to the second network entity individually, wherein the second network entity is the IoT entity.
[0203] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 1 through 11, wherein the reader entity comprises a base station, and the second ID comprises a cell ID or a virtual cell ID associated with the base station.
[0204] Aspect 13: The method of any of aspects 1 through 11, wherein the reader entity is a UE, and the second ID comprises an ID of the UE or an ID of a base station associated with a serving cell for the UE.
[0205] Aspect 14: The method of aspect 13, wherein the first network entity is the reader entity, the method further comprising: transmitting, prior to the transmission of the message, an indication of the second ID to the base station or to the second network entity.
[0206] Aspect 15: The method of any of aspects 13 through 14, further comprising: receiving, prior to the transmission of the message, an indication of the second ID from the base station or a core network entity; or receiving an indication of the first ID from the second network entity or the base station.
[0207] Aspect 16: The method of any of aspects 1 through 8, 12, 13, or 15, wherein the first network entity is the IoT entity, the method further comprising: transmitting, prior to transmission of the message, an indication of the first ID to the second network entity, wherein the second network entity is the reader entity.
[0208] Aspect 17: The method of any of aspects 1 through 8, 12, 13, 15, or 16, wherein the first network entity is the IoT entity, wherein the set of IDs comprises a third ID associated with a group of IoT entities that includes the first network entity, the method further comprising: transmitting, based on the first network entity being an anchor entity within the group of IoT entities, an indication of the third ID to one or more other IoT entities in the group of IoT entities and to the second network entity, wherein the second network entity is the reader entity.
[0209] Aspect 18: The method of any of aspects 1 through 8, 12, 13, 15, 16, or 17, wherein the first network entity is the IoT entity, the method further comprising: receiving an indication of the first ID from the second network entity, wherein the second network entity is the reader entity, and wherein the reader entity is a base station or a UE.
[0210] Aspect 19: The method of any of aspects 1 through 8, 12, 13, or 15 through 18, wherein the first network entity is the IoT entity, and the first ID comprises a destination ID associated with the IoT entity, an authentication ID associated with the IoT entity, or a product ID associated with a manufacturer of the IoT entity.
[0211] Aspect 20: The method of any of aspects 1 through 19, wherein the one or more characteristics of the message comprise a type of control message corresponding to the message, a cast type of the message, a quantity of intended receivers for the message, or a device type of one or more intended receivers for the message.
[0212] Aspect 21: The method of any of aspects 1 through 20, wherein determination of the one or more IDs is based on a device type of the IoT entity.
[0213] Aspect 22: A first network entity for wireless communication, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first network entity to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 21.
[0214] Aspect 23: A first network entity for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 21.
[0215] Aspect 24: A non-transitory computer-readable medium having code for wireless communication stored thereon that, when executed by a first network entity, causes the first network entity to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 21.
[0216] The methods described herein describe possible implementations. The operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0217] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communication systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0218] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0219] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a neural processing unit (NPU) , an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0220] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0221] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0222] As used herein, the term “or” is an inclusive “or” unless limiting language is used relative to the alternatives listed. For example, reference to “X being based on A or B” shall be construed as including within its scope X being based on A, X being based on B, and X being based on A and B. In this regard, reference to “X being based on A or B” refers to “at least one of A or B” or “one or more of A or B” due to “or” being inclusive. Similarly, reference to “X being based on A, B, or C” shall be construed as including within its scope X being based on A, X being based on B, X being based on C, X being based on A and B, X being based on A and C, X being based on B and C, and X being based on A, B, and C. In this regard, reference to “X being based on A, B, or C” refers to “at least one of A, B, or C” or “one or more of A, B, or C” due to “or” being inclusive. As an example of limiting language, reference to “X being based on only one of A or B” shall be construed as including within its scope X being based on A as well as X being based on B, but not X being based on A and B. Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, or the like. In other words, the phrase “based on A” (where “A” may be information, a condition, a factor, or the like) shall be construed as “based at least on A” unless specifically recited differently. Also, as used herein, the phrase “a set” shall be construed as including the possibility of a set with one member. That is, the phrase “a set” shall be construed in the same manner as “one or more” or “at least one of. ”
[0223] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “a component” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “a component” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0224] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining, and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) , and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0225] In the figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label or other subsequent reference label.
[0226] The description set forth herein, in connection with the drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “aspect” or “example” used herein means “serving as an aspect, example, instance, or illustration” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other aspects. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some figures, structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0227] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first network entity for wireless communication, comprising:a processing system configured to:determine, based on one or more characteristics of a message, one or more identifiers from a set of identifiers, wherein the message is for transmission to a second network entity, wherein the first network entity and the second network entity are different, wherein the first network entity is an internet-of-things (IoT) entity or a reader entity, and wherein the second network entity is the IoT entity or the reader entity, and wherein the set of identifiers comprises a first identifier associated with the first network entity and a second identifier associated with the second network entity;cause at least a portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more identifiers; andtransmit the message to the second network entity.2.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein, to cause at least the portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more identifiers, the processing system is configured to:include the one or more identifiers in the portion of the message.3.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein, to cause at least the portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more identifiers, the processing system is configured to:scramble, using a scrambling code that is based on the one or more identifiers, at least the portion of the message.4.The first network entity of claim 3, wherein:the scrambling code is based on a respective first portion of at least one of the one or more identifiers; andthe processing system is configured to include, in the message, a respective second portion of the at least one of the one or more identifiers.5.The first network entity of claim 4, wherein the scrambling code is based on a time index associated with the transmission of the message.6.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein, to cause at least the portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more identifiers, the processing system is configured to:cause the message to include an error detection code that is based on the one or more identifiers.7.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the processing system is configured to:update, prior to the determination of the one or more identifiers, at least one identifier of the one or more identifiers generated in response to a trigger.8.The first network entity of claim 7, wherein the trigger comprises receipt by the first network entity of a first data message or receipt by the first network entity of a control message that schedules a transmission by the first network entity.9.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the first network entity is the reader entity, and wherein, to determine the one or more identifiers, the processing system is configured to:determine at least the second identifier based on the message being for transmission to a group of IoT entities that includes the second network entity, wherein the second network entity is the IoT entity.10.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the first network entity is the reader entity, wherein the second network entity is the IoT entity and the set of identifiers comprises a third identifier associated with a group of IoT devices that includes the second network entity, and wherein, to determine the one or more identifiers, the processing system is configured to:determine at least the third identifier based on the message being for transmission to the group of IoT devices.11.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the first network entity is the reader entity, and wherein, to determine the one or more identifiers, the processing system is configured to:determine at least the first identifier based on the message being for transmission to the second network entity individually, wherein the second network entity is the IoT entity.12.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the reader entity comprises a base station, and wherein the second identifier comprises a cell identifier or a virtual cell identifier associated with the base station.13.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the reader entity is a user equipment (UE) , and wherein the second identifier comprises an identifier of the UE or an identifier of a base station associated with a serving cell for the UE.14.The first network entity of claim 13, wherein the first network entity is the reader entity, and wherein the processing system is configured to:transmit, prior to the transmission of the message, an indication of the second identifier to the base station or to the second network entity.15.The first network entity of claim 13, wherein the processing system is configured to:receive, prior to the transmission of the message, an indication of the second identifier from the base station or a core network entity; orreceive an indication of the first identifier from the second network entity or the base station.16.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the first network entity is the IoT entity, and wherein the processing system is configured to:transmit, prior to transmission of the message, an indication of the first identifier to the second network entity, wherein the second network entity is the reader entity.17.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the first network entity is the IoT entity, wherein the set of identifiers comprises a third identifier associated with a group of IoT entities that includes the first network entity, and wherein the processing system is configured to:transmit, based on the first network entity being an anchor entity within the group of IoT entities, an indication of the third identifier to one or more other IoT entities in the group of IoT entities and to the second network entity, wherein the second network entity is the reader entity.18.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the first network entity is the IoT entity, and wherein the processing system is configured to:receive an indication of the first identifier from the second network entity, wherein the second network entity is the reader entity, and wherein the reader entity is a base station or a user equipment (UE) .19.A method of wireless communication performed by a first network entity, comprising:determining, based on one or more characteristics of a message, one or more identifiers from a set of identifiers, wherein the message is for transmission to a second network entity, wherein the first network entity and the second network entity are different, wherein the first network entity is an internet-of-things (IoT) entity or a reader entity, and wherein the second network entity is the IoT entity or the reader entity, and wherein the set of identifiers comprises a first identifier associated with the first network entity and a second identifier associated with the second network entity;causing at least a portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more identifiers; andtransmitting the message to the second network entity.20.A non-transitory computer-readable medium having code for wireless communication stored thereon that, when executed by a first network entity, causes the first network entity to:determine, based on one or more characteristics of a message, one or more identifiers from a set of identifiers, wherein the message is for transmission to a second network entity, wherein the first network entity and the second network entity are different, wherein the first network entity is an internet-of-things (IoT) entity or a reader entity, and wherein the second network entity is the IoT entity or the reader entity, and wherein the set of identifiers comprises a first identifier associated with the first network entity and a second identifier associated with the second network entity;cause at least a portion of the message to be indicative of the one or more identifiers; andtransmit the message to the second network entity.
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