Signal transmission method, device, and storage medium

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a signal transmission method, a device, and a storage medium. The method comprises: a network device maps a first signal to at least one first time period, and sends the first signal to a first device within the at least one first time period, wherein the first device is an ambient Internet of Things device; the first signal uses pulse interval encoding (PIE); one first time period comprises a second time period and a third time period; the second time period is a time period occupied by an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol; the third time period is a time period occupied by a cyclic prefix (CP) corresponding to the OFDM symbol; the CP is used for repeating a signal borne by the OFDM symbol within a fourth time period; the fourth time period is a time period, comprising an end moment of the second time period, in the second time period; the fourth time period is equal to the third time period; and a sampling value of the first signal within the third time period is the same as a sampling value of the first signal within the fourth time period.

Description

Signal transmission method, device and storage medium Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular to a signal transmission method, device, and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] With the development of wireless communication technology, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has proposed the Ambient-Internet of Things (A-IoT) technology. Ambient-Internet of Things devices can be powered by pure batteryless devices or can obtain energy from the environment to support signal transmission.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a signal transmission method, device, and storage medium.

[0005] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a signal transmission method is provided, which is performed by a network device. The method includes:

[0006] Mapping a first signal to at least one first time period, where the first signal adopts pulse interval encoding (PIE), and one first time period includes a second time period and a third time period, where the second time period is a time period occupied by an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, and the third time period is a time period occupied by a cyclic prefix (CP) corresponding to the OFDM symbol, where the CP is used to repeat a signal carried by the OFDM symbol in a fourth time period, where the fourth time period is a time period within the second time period that includes an end time of the second time period, and the fourth time period is equal to the third time period, and a sampling value of the first signal in the third time period is the same as a sampling value of the first signal in the fourth time period;

[0007] In the at least one first time period, the first signal is sent to a first device, where the first device is an environmental Internet of Things device.

[0008] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a signal transmission method is provided, which is performed by a first device. The method includes:

[0009] A first signal sent by a receiving network device is mapped to at least one first time period, the first signal adopts pulse interval encoding PIE, a first time period includes a second time period and a third time period, the second time period is the time period occupied by the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol, the third time period is the time period occupied by the cyclic prefix CP corresponding to the OFDM symbol, the CP is used to repeat the signal carried by the OFDM symbol in a fourth time period, the fourth time period is the time period within the second time period that includes the end time of the second time period, and the fourth time period is equal to the third time period, and the sampling value of the first signal in the third time period is the same as the sampling value of the first signal in the fourth time period.

[0010] According to a third aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device is provided, including:

[0011] The transceiver module is configured to receive a first signal sent by a network device, where the first signal is mapped to at least one first time period, the first signal adopts pulse interval encoding PIE, and a first time period includes a second time period and a third time period, the second time period is the time period occupied by the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol, the third time period is the time period occupied by the cyclic prefix CP corresponding to the OFDM symbol, and the CP is used to repeat the signal carried by the OFDM symbol in a fourth time period, the fourth time period is the time period within the second time period that includes the end time of the second time period, and the fourth time period is equal to the third time period, and the sampling value of the first signal in the third time period is the same as the sampling value of the first signal in the fourth time period.

[0012] According to a fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a network device is provided, including:

[0013] a processing module configured to map a first signal to at least one first time period, where the first signal adopts pulse interval encoding (PIE), and one first time period includes a second time period and a third time period, where the second time period is a time period occupied by an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, and the third time period is a time period occupied by a cyclic prefix (CP) corresponding to the OFDM symbol, where the CP is used to repeat a signal carried by the OFDM symbol in a fourth time period, where the fourth time period is a time period within the second time period that includes an end time of the second time period, and the fourth time period is equal to the third time period, and a sampling value of the first signal in the third time period is the same as a sampling value of the first signal in the fourth time period;

[0014] The transceiver module is configured to send the first signal to a first device within the at least one first time period, where the first device is an environmental Internet of Things device.

[0015] According to a fifth aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a communication device is proposed, comprising: one or more processors; wherein the communication device can be used to execute an optional implementation of the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0016] According to a sixth aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a storage medium is proposed, which stores instructions. When the instructions are executed on a communication device, the communication device executes the method described in the optional implementation of the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0017] According to the seventh aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, a computer program product is proposed, which includes a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a communication device, the communication device executes the method described in the optional implementation manner of the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0018] According to the eighth aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a communication system is proposed, which may include: a first device and a network device; wherein, the network device is configured to execute the method described in the optional implementation manner of the first aspect, and the first device is configured to execute the method described in the optional implementation manner of the second aspect.

[0019] The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may include the following beneficial effects: the network device maps the first signal to at least one first time period, and sends the first signal to the first device within the at least one first time period, and the first device is an environmental Internet of Things device. The first signal adopts pulse interval encoding PIE, and a first time period includes a second time period and a third time period. The second time period is the time period occupied by the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol, and the third time period is the time period occupied by the cyclic prefix CP corresponding to the OFDM symbol. The CP is used to repeat the signal carried by the OFDM symbol in the fourth time period. The fourth time period is the time period within the second time period that includes the end moment of the second time period, and the fourth time period is equal to the third time period. The sampling value of the first signal in the third time period is the same as the sampling value of the first signal in the fourth time period. In this way, the first signal sent to the Internet of Things device does not affect the processing of the CP, and the orthogonality of the subcarriers can be achieved, thereby improving the anti-interference ability of the wireless signal and improving the downlink transmission performance of the Internet of Things device.

[0020] It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the following drawings required for describing the embodiments are introduced. The following drawings are merely some embodiments of the present disclosure and do not impose specific limitations on the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG1A is a schematic diagram showing the architecture of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG1B is a schematic diagram showing the architecture of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG1C is a schematic diagram showing a PIE symbol according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG1D is a schematic diagram showing an OFDM symbol according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG2A is an interactive schematic diagram illustrating a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG2B is a schematic diagram of mapping a first signal to at least one first time period.

[0028] FIG2C is a schematic diagram of mapping a first signal to at least one first time period.

[0029] FIG2D is a schematic diagram of mapping a pilot signal to at least one first time period.

[0030] FIG2E is a schematic diagram of mapping a third signal to at least one first time period.

[0031] FIG2F is a schematic diagram of mapping a third signal to at least one first time period.

[0032] FIG3 is a schematic flow chart of a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG4 is a schematic flow chart of a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG5 is a schematic flow chart of a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG6A is a schematic structural diagram of a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG6B is a schematic structural diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG7A is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG7B is a schematic structural diagram of a chip according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a signal transmission method, device, and storage medium.

[0040] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a signal transmission method, which is performed by a network device. The method includes:

[0041] Mapping a first signal to at least one first time period, where the first signal adopts pulse interval encoding (PIE), and one first time period includes a second time period and a third time period, where the second time period is a time period occupied by an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, and the third time period is a time period occupied by a cyclic prefix (CP) corresponding to the OFDM symbol, where the CP is used to repeat a signal carried by the OFDM symbol in a fourth time period, where the fourth time period is a time period within the second time period that includes an end time of the second time period, and the fourth time period is equal to the third time period, and a sampling value of the first signal in the third time period is the same as a sampling value of the first signal in the fourth time period;

[0042] In the at least one first time period, the first signal is sent to a first device, where the first device is an environmental Internet of Things device.

[0043] In the above embodiment, the first signal sent to the IoT device does not affect the processing of the CP, and the orthogonality of the subcarriers can be achieved, thereby improving the anti-interference capability of the wireless signal and improving the downlink transmission performance of the IoT device.

[0044] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0045] A second signal is sent in the at least one first time period, the second signal is modulated using OFDM, and the second signal is frequency-division multiplexed with the first signal.

[0046] In the above embodiment, the first signal and the second signal may be sent using frequency division multiplexing, thereby reducing interference between the first signal and the second signal and improving system capacity.

[0047] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first signal is modulated into at least one PIE symbol, where one PIE symbol includes a power transmission time period and a no-power transmission time period, wherein:

[0048] The third time period and the fourth time period included in a first time period are both power transmission time periods of the PIE symbol; or,

[0049] The third time period and the fourth time period contained in a first time period are both power-free transmission time periods of the PIE symbol.

[0050] In the above embodiment, the influence of the first signal on the CP can be avoided by designing the PIE symbol.

[0051] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first signal includes at least one of the following:

[0052] A pilot signal, where the pilot signal is used at least for downlink synchronization between the first device and the network device;

[0053] A third signal is used to at least carry first information sent to the first device.

[0054] In combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first signal includes a preamble signal, the preamble signal includes N PIE symbols, and N is a positive integer.

[0055] In combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the pilot signal further includes a delimiter symbol, the delimiter symbol is transmitted using powerlessness, and the delimiter symbol is used to instruct the first device to start receiving the first signal.

[0056] In the above embodiment, the pilot signal based on PIE modulation may not affect the processing of CP, thereby improving the anti-interference capability of the wireless signal.

[0057] In combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first signal includes the third signal, the third signal includes M PIE symbols, and M is a positive integer.

[0058] In combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, one information bit of the first information corresponds to a PIE symbol, the third signal includes multiple candidate timing positions, the candidate timing positions are not within the third time period and the fourth time period, at least a part of the multiple candidate timing positions serve as the power-free transmission time period of the PIE symbol, the power transmission time period of the PIE symbol includes other times except the at least a part of the candidate timing positions, and the power-free transmission time period of the PIE symbol includes the end time of the PIE symbol.

[0059] In the above embodiment, the third signal based on PIE modulation may not affect the processing of CP, thereby improving the anti-interference capability of the wireless signal.

[0060] In combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the time difference between the end moments of two adjacent candidate timing positions is a fifth time period, the fifth time period is greater than or equal to twice the third time period, and the first time period is an integer multiple of the fifth time period.

[0061] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the duration occupied by the PIE symbol is used to determine the value of the information bit, and the PIE symbol includes a first type of PIE symbol and a second type of PIE symbol, wherein:

[0062] The value of the information bit corresponding to the first type of PIE symbol is a first value, and the time length occupied by the first type of PIE symbol is m times the fifth time period, where m is a positive integer;

[0063] The value of the information bit corresponding to the second type of PIE symbol is a second numerical value, and the time length occupied by the first type of PIE symbol is n times the fifth time period, where n is a positive integer and is not equal to m.

[0064] In the above embodiment, two types of PIE symbols can carry different information bits.

[0065] In combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the third signal indicates the first information through first coding information, one information bit of the first information corresponds to K coding bits of the first coding information, one coding bit corresponds to one PIE symbol, K is a positive integer, and M is an integer multiple of K.

[0066] In the above embodiment, the third signal based on coding and PIE modulation may not affect the processing of CP, thereby improving the anti-interference capability of the wireless signal.

[0067] In combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the duration occupied by the PIE symbol is used to determine the value of the coded bit, and the PIE symbol includes a third type of PIE symbol and a fourth type of PIE symbol. The time length occupied by the fourth type of PIE symbol is different from the time length occupied by the third type of PIE symbol, wherein:

[0068] The value of the coded bit corresponding to the third type of PIE symbol is a first value;

[0069] The value of the coded bit corresponding to the fourth type of PIE symbol is the second value.

[0070] In the above embodiment, two types of PIE symbols can carry different coding bits.

[0071] In combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, a first time period corresponds to a PIE symbol group, and a PIE symbol group includes P third-category PIE symbols and P fourth-category PIE symbols, where P is a positive integer.

[0072] With reference to some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the time length occupied by the PIE symbol group is the same as the time length of the first time period, and a start time of the PIE symbol group is time offset from a start time of the first time period, wherein:

[0073] The third time period and the fourth time period included in the first time period are both power transmission time periods of the PIE symbol group obtained based on the time offset; or,

[0074] The third time period and the fourth time period included in the first time period are both power-free transmission time periods of the PIE symbol group obtained based on the time offset.

[0075] In the above embodiment, the third signal based on coding and PIE modulation may not affect the processing of CP, thereby improving the anti-interference capability of the wireless signal.

[0076] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the time offset is greater than or equal to a first time threshold and less than or equal to a second time threshold, the first time threshold is the sum of the first duration and the duration of the third time period, and the second time threshold is the second duration;

[0077] Among them, the first duration and the second duration are used to determine a timing interval, the starting time of the PIE symbol group is increased by the first duration to obtain the starting time of the timing interval, and the starting time of the PIE symbol group is increased by the second duration to obtain the end time of the timing interval, and all possible combinations of PIE symbols in the PIE symbol group are traversed. The sampling values ​​within the timing interval always belong to the power transmission time period of the PIE symbol or always belong to the power-free transmission time period of the PIE symbol.

[0078] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first signal includes a preamble signal and a third signal, wherein:

[0079] The pilot signal includes N PIE symbols, where N is a positive integer;

[0080] The third signal is a signal obtained based on Manchester encoding and on-off keying (OOK) modulation.

[0081] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a signal transmission method, which is performed by a first device. The method includes:

[0082] A first signal sent by a receiving network device is mapped to at least one first time period, the first signal adopts pulse interval encoding PIE, a first time period includes a second time period and a third time period, the second time period is the time period occupied by the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol, the third time period is the time period occupied by the cyclic prefix CP corresponding to the OFDM symbol, the CP is used to repeat the signal carried by the OFDM symbol in a fourth time period, the fourth time period is the time period within the second time period that includes the end time of the second time period, and the fourth time period is equal to the third time period, and the sampling value of the first signal in the third time period is the same as the sampling value of the first signal in the fourth time period.

[0083] In the above embodiment, the first signal sent to the IoT device does not affect the processing of the CP, and the orthogonality of the subcarriers can be achieved, thereby improving the anti-interference capability of the wireless signal and improving the downlink transmission performance of the IoT device.

[0084] In combination with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the at least one first time period is also used by the network device to send a second signal, the second signal is modulated using OFDM, and the second signal is frequency division multiplexed with the first signal.

[0085] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first signal is modulated into at least one PIE symbol, where one PIE symbol includes a power transmission time period and a no-power transmission time period, wherein:

[0086] The third time period and the fourth time period included in a first time period are both power transmission time periods of the PIE symbol; or,

[0087] The third time period and the fourth time period contained in a first time period are both power-free transmission time periods of the PIE symbol.

[0088] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first signal includes at least one of the following:

[0089] A pilot signal, where the pilot signal is used at least for downlink synchronization between the first device and the network device;

[0090] A third signal is used to at least carry first information sent to the first device.

[0091] In combination with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first signal includes a preamble signal, the preamble signal includes N PIE symbols, and N is a positive integer.

[0092] In combination with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the pilot signal further includes a delimiter symbol, the delimiter symbol is transmitted using powerlessness, and the delimiter symbol is used to instruct the first device to start receiving the first signal.

[0093] In combination with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first signal includes the third signal, the third signal includes M PIE symbols, and M is a positive integer.

[0094] In combination with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, one information bit of the first information corresponds to a PIE symbol, the third signal includes multiple candidate timing positions, the candidate timing positions are not within the third time period and the fourth time period, at least a part of the multiple candidate timing positions serve as the power-free transmission time period of the PIE symbol, the power transmission time period of the PIE symbol includes other times except the at least a part of the candidate timing positions, and the power-free transmission time period of the PIE symbol includes the end time of the PIE symbol.

[0095] In combination with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the time difference between the end moments of two adjacent candidate timing positions is a fifth time period, the fifth time period is greater than or equal to twice the third time period, and the first time period is an integer multiple of the fifth time period.

[0096] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the duration occupied by the PIE symbol is used to determine the value of the information bit, and the PIE symbol includes a first type of PIE symbol and a second type of PIE symbol, wherein:

[0097] The value of the information bit corresponding to the first type of PIE symbol is a first value, and the time length occupied by the first type of PIE symbol is m times the fifth time period, where m is a positive integer;

[0098] The value of the information bit corresponding to the second type of PIE symbol is a second numerical value, and the time length occupied by the first type of PIE symbol is n times the fifth time period, where n is a positive integer and is not equal to m.

[0099] In combination with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the third signal indicates the first information through first coding information, one information bit of the first information corresponds to K coding bits of the first coding information, one coding bit corresponds to one PIE symbol, K is a positive integer, and M is an integer multiple of K.

[0100] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the duration occupied by the PIE symbol is used to determine the value of the coded bit, and the PIE symbol includes a third type of PIE symbol and a fourth type of PIE symbol. The time length occupied by the fourth type of PIE symbol is different from the time length occupied by the third type of PIE symbol, wherein:

[0101] The value of the coded bit corresponding to the third type of PIE symbol is a first value;

[0102] The value of the coded bit corresponding to the fourth type of PIE symbol is the second value.

[0103] In combination with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, a first time period corresponds to a PIE symbol group, and a PIE symbol group includes P third-category PIE symbols and P fourth-category PIE symbols, where P is a positive integer.

[0104] With reference to some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the time length occupied by the PIE symbol group is the same as the time length of the first time period, and a start time of the PIE symbol group is time offset from a start time of the first time period, wherein:

[0105] The third time period and the fourth time period included in the first time period are both power transmission time periods of the PIE symbol group obtained based on the time offset; or,

[0106] The third time period and the fourth time period included in the first time period are both power-free transmission time periods of the PIE symbol group obtained based on the time offset.

[0107] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the time offset is greater than or equal to a first time threshold and less than or equal to a second time threshold, the first time threshold is the sum of the first duration and the duration of the third time period, and the second time threshold is the second duration;

[0108] Among them, the first duration and the second duration are used to determine a timing interval, the starting time of the PIE symbol group is increased by the first duration to obtain the starting time of the timing interval, and the starting time of the PIE symbol group is increased by the second duration to obtain the end time of the timing interval, and all possible combinations of PIE symbols in the PIE symbol group are traversed. The sampling values ​​within the timing interval always belong to the power transmission time period of the PIE symbol or always belong to the power-free transmission time period of the PIE symbol.

[0109] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first signal includes a preamble signal and a third signal, wherein:

[0110] The pilot signal includes N PIE symbols, where N is a positive integer;

[0111] The third signal is a signal obtained based on Manchester encoding and on-off keying (OOK) modulation.

[0112] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a first device, which may include at least one of a transceiver module and a processing module; wherein the first device can be used to execute the optional implementation method of the second aspect.

[0113] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a network device, which may include at least one of a transceiver module and a processing module; wherein the network device can be used to execute the optional implementation method of the first aspect.

[0114] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a communication device, which may include: one or more processors; wherein the communication device can be used to execute an optional implementation of the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0115] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a storage medium storing instructions, which, when executed on a communication device, enables the communication device to execute the method described in the optional implementation manner of the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0116] In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a computer program product, which includes a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a communication device, the communication device executes the method described in the optional implementation of the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0117] In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a computer program, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute the method described in the optional implementation of the first or second aspect.

[0118] In a ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a chip or a chip system, wherein the chip or chip system includes a processing circuit configured to execute the method described in the optional implementation of the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0119] In the tenth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a communication system, which may include: a first device and a network device; wherein, the network device is configured to execute the method described in the optional implementation manner of the first aspect, and the first device is configured to execute the method described in the optional implementation manner of the second aspect.

[0120] It is understandable that the above-mentioned first device, network device, communication device, communication system, storage medium, program product, computer program, chip or chip system can be used to perform the method proposed in the embodiment of the present disclosure. Therefore, the beneficial effects that can be achieved can refer to the beneficial effects of the corresponding method and will not be repeated here.

[0121] The present disclosure provides a signal transmission method, device, and storage medium. In some embodiments, the terms "signal transmission method" and "information processing method" and "communication method" are interchangeable; "signal transmission device" and "information processing device" and "communication device" are interchangeable; and "information processing system" and "communication system" are interchangeable.

[0122] The embodiments of the present disclosure are not exhaustive and are merely illustrative of some embodiments, and are not intended to be a specific limitation on the scope of protection of the present disclosure. In the absence of contradiction, each step in a certain embodiment can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the steps can be arbitrarily combined. For example, a solution after removing some steps in a certain embodiment can also be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the order of the steps in a certain embodiment can be arbitrarily exchanged. In addition, the optional implementation methods in a certain embodiment can be arbitrarily combined; in addition, the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined. For example, some or all steps of different embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and a certain embodiment can be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementation methods of other embodiments.

[0123] In each embodiment of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified or provided for by logic, the terms and / or descriptions between the embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form a new embodiment based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0124] The terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure.

[0125] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, elements expressed in the singular, such as "a", "an", "the", "above", "said", "the", "the", etc., may mean "one and only one", or "one or more", "at least one", etc. For example, when using articles such as "a", "an", "the" in English in translation, the noun following the article may be understood as a singular expression or a plural expression.

[0126] In some embodiments, "plurality" may refer to two or more.

[0127] In some embodiments, the terms "at least one," "one or more," "a plurality of," "multiple," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0128] In some embodiments, descriptions such as "at least one of A and B," "A and / or B," "A in one case, B in another case," or "in response to one case A, in response to another case B" may include the following technical solutions depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (A is executed independently of B); in some embodiments, B (B is executed independently of A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed); and in some embodiments, A and B (both A and B are executed). The above is also applicable when there are more branches such as A, B, and C.

[0129] In some embodiments, "A or B" and other descriptions may include the following technical solutions depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (A is executed independently of B); in some embodiments, B (B is executed independently of A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed). The above is also applicable when there are more branches such as A, B, C, etc.

[0130] The prefixes such as "first" and "second" in the embodiments of the present disclosure are only used to distinguish different description objects and do not constitute any restriction on the position, order, priority, quantity or content of the description objects. For the statement of the description object, please refer to the description in the context of the claims or embodiments, and no unnecessary restriction should be constituted due to the use of prefixes. For example, if the description object is a "field", the ordinal number before the "field" in the "first field" and the "second field" does not limit the position or order between the "fields". "First" and "second" do not limit whether the "fields" they modify are in the same message, nor do they limit the order of the "first field" and the "second field". For another example, if the description object is a "level", the ordinal number before the "level" in the "first level" and the "second level" does not limit the priority between the "levels". For another example, the number of description objects is not limited by the ordinal number and can be one or more. Taking "first device" as an example, the number of "devices" can be one or more. In addition, the objects modified by different prefixes can be the same or different. For example, if the description object is "device", then the "first device" and the "second device" can be the same device or different devices, and their types can be the same or different; for another example, if the description object is "information", then the "first information" and the "second information" can be the same information or different information, and their contents can be the same or different.

[0131] In some embodiments, “including A,” “comprising A,” “used to indicate A,” and “carrying A” can be interpreted as directly carrying A or indirectly indicating A.

[0132] In some embodiments, terms such as "in response to...", "in response to determining...", "in the case of...", "at the time of...", "when...", "if...", "if...", etc. can be used interchangeably.

[0133] In some embodiments, terms such as "greater than", "greater than or equal to", "not less than", "more than", "more than or equal to", "not less than", "higher than", "higher than or equal to", "not less than", and "above" can be replaced with each other, and terms such as "less than", "less than or equal to", "not greater than", "less than", "less than or equal to", "not more than", "lower than", "lower than or equal to", "not higher than", and "below" can be replaced with each other.

[0134] In some embodiments, devices and the like may be interpreted as physical or virtual, and their names are not limited to those described in the embodiments. Terms such as "device," "equipment," "device," "circuit," "network element," "node," "function," "unit," "section," "system," "network," "chip," "chip system," "entity," and "subject" may be used interchangeably.

[0135] In some embodiments, "network" can be interpreted as devices included in the network (eg, network equipment, access network equipment, core network equipment, etc.).

[0136] In some embodiments, the network device may include at least one of an access network device and a core network device.

[0137] In some embodiments, the terms "Access Network Device (AN Device)", "Radio Access Network Device (RAN Device)", "Base Station (BS)", "Radio Base Station (Radio Base Station)", "Fixed Station (Fixed Station)", "Node (Node)", "Access Point (Access Point)", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission and / or Reception Point (TRP))", "Panel (Panel)", "Antenna Panel (Antenna Panel)", "Antenna Array (Antenna Array)" "Cell (Cell)", "Macro Cell (Macro Cell)", "Small Cell (Small Cell)", "Femto Cell (Femto Cell)", "Pico Cell (Pico Cell)" "Sector (Sector)", "Cell Group (Cell Group)", "Serving Cell (Cell)", "Carrier (Carrier)", "Component Carrier (Component Carrier)", "Bandwidth Part (BWP)" and the like may be used interchangeably.

[0138] In some embodiments, the terms "terminal", "terminal device", "terminal side device", "user equipment (UE)", "user terminal" "mobile station (MS)", "mobile terminal (MT)", subscriber station (Subscriber Station), mobile unit (Mobile Unit), subscriber unit (Subscriber Unit), wireless unit (Wireless Unit), remote unit (Remote Unit), mobile device (Mobile Device), wireless device (Wireless Device), wireless communication device (Wireless Communication Device), remote device (Remote Device), mobile subscriber station (Mobile Subscriber Station), access terminal (Access Terminal), mobile terminal (Mobile Terminal), wireless terminal (Wireless Terminal), remote terminal (Remote Terminal), handset (Handset), user agent (User Agent), mobile client (Mobile Client), client (Client) and the like can be used interchangeably.

[0139] In some embodiments, the access network device, the core network device, or the network device can be replaced by a terminal device. For example, the various embodiments of the present disclosure can also be applied to a structure in which the communication between the access network device, the core network device, or the network device and the terminal device is replaced by the communication between multiple terminal devices (for example, device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), etc.). In this case, it is also possible to set the structure in which the terminal device has all or part of the functions of the access network device. In addition, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can also be replaced by terms corresponding to communication between terminal devices (for example, "side"). For example, uplink channels, downlink channels, etc. can be replaced by side channels or direct channels, and uplinks, downlinks, etc. can be replaced by side links or direct links.

[0140] In some embodiments, the terminal device may be replaced by an access network device, a core network device, or a network device. In this case, the access network device, the core network device, or the network device may have a structure that has all or part of the functions of the terminal device.

[0141] In some embodiments, obtaining data, information, etc. may comply with the laws and regulations of the country where the data is obtained.

[0142] In some embodiments, data, information, etc. may be obtained with the user's consent.

[0143] In addition, each element, each row, or each column in the table of the embodiment of the present disclosure can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the combination of any elements, any rows, and any columns can also be implemented as an independent embodiment.

[0144] FIG1A is a schematic diagram illustrating an architecture of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG1A , the communication system 100 may include a first device 101 and a network device 102 .

[0145] In some embodiments, the first device 101 may include an Internet of Things (A-IoT) device. For example, the Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device can collect energy from the environment and use it for communication. A-IoT devices have broad application prospects, including storage of device identifiers and sensors, and avoid the cost of configuring and replacing batteries.

[0146] In some embodiments, the network device 102 may include at least one of an access network device and a core network device.

[0147] In some embodiments, the access network device may be a node or device that accesses a terminal device (e.g., a first device) to a wireless network. The access network device may include an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation evolved NodeB (ng-eNB), a next generation NodeB (gNB), a NodeB (NB), a home NodeB (HNB), a home evolved NodeB (HeNB), a wireless backhaul device, a radio network controller (RNC), a base station controller (BSC), a base transceiver station (BTS), a base band unit (BBU), a mobile switching center, a base station in a 6G communication system, an open base station (Open RAN), a cloud base station (Cloud RAN), a base station in other communication systems, and at least one of an access node in a Wi-Fi system, but is not limited thereto.

[0148] In some embodiments, the technical solution of the present disclosure can be applied to the Open RAN architecture. In this case, the interfaces between or within the access network devices involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be transformed into internal interfaces of the Open RAN, and the processes and information interactions between these internal interfaces can be implemented through software or programs.

[0149] In some embodiments, the access network device can be composed of a centralized unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU), where the CU can also be called a control unit (Control Unit). The CU-DU structure can be used to split the protocol layer of the access network device, with the functions of some protocol layers centrally controlled by the CU, and the functions of the remaining part or all of the protocol layers distributed in the DU, which is centrally controlled by the CU, but is not limited to this.

[0150] In some embodiments, the core network device may be a single device, or may be multiple devices or a group of devices. The core network may include at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a 6G Core Network (5GCN), and a Next Generation Core (NGC).

[0151] It can be understood that the communication system described in the embodiment of the present disclosure is to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiment of the present disclosure, and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solution proposed in the embodiment of the present disclosure. Ordinary technicians in this field can know that with the evolution of system architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solution proposed in the embodiment of the present disclosure is also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0152] The following embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to the communication system 100 shown in FIG1A , or a portion thereof, but are not limited thereto. The entities shown in FIG1A are examples. The communication system may include all or part of the entities shown in FIG1A , or may include other entities outside of FIG1A . The number and form of the entities are arbitrary. The entities may be physical or virtual. The connection relationship between the entities is an example. The entities may be connected or disconnected. The connection may be in any manner, whether direct or indirect, and may be wired or wireless.

[0153] The embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G New Radio (NR), Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New Radio Access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) networks, Device-to-Device (D2D) systems, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) systems, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), systems utilizing other communication methods, and next-generation systems based on and extending these methods. Furthermore, multiple systems may be combined (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A with 5G).

[0154] FIG1B is a schematic diagram illustrating an architecture of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG1B , the communication system 100 may include at least one of a first device 101 , a second device 103 , and a network device 102 .

[0155] In some embodiments, the second device 103 may include a terminal device, for example, a mobile phone, a wearable device, an Internet of Things device, a car with communication function, a smart car, a vehicle-mounted terminal, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiver function, a road side unit (RSU), a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal device in industrial control, a wireless terminal device in self-driving, a wireless terminal device in remote medical surgery, a wireless terminal device in smart grid, a wireless terminal device in transportation safety, a wireless terminal device in smart city, and a wireless terminal device in smart home. The second device 103 may include, for example, a 4G terminal, a 5G terminal, a 6G terminal, etc.

[0156] In some embodiments, the network device 102 and the second device 103 may transmit signals based on an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation scheme, while the network device 102 and the first device 101 may transmit signals based on a Pulse-Interval Encoding (PIE) modulation scheme.

[0157] In some embodiments, the network device 102 may send signals to the first device 101 and the second device 103 separately or simultaneously. For example, in this communication system, the network device may send a first signal to the first device and a second signal to the second device in the same time period. For example, the network device may simultaneously send the first signal and the second signal in a frequency division multiplexing manner within an OFDM symbol. Optionally, the first signal may be modulated using PIE, and the second signal may be modulated using OFDM.

[0158] In some embodiments, the first device 101 may be an A-IoT device, and the second device 103 may be an OFDM-supporting terminal device (e.g., a 4G terminal, a 5G terminal, a 6G terminal, etc.). Optionally, the first device and the second device may be two independent devices, or two modules or functions of the same physical device, which is not limited in the present embodiment.

[0159] In some embodiments, the first device (A-IoT device) in the communication system can harvest energy from surrounding devices to maintain device operation (e.g., receiving downlink information or transmitting uplink information). Accordingly, downlink signal transmission cannot remain in a zero-power state for an extended period of time. Otherwise, the A-IoT device will run out of power and cease operation.

[0160] In some embodiments, the peripheral device used to provide energy to the first device may be a network device in the above-mentioned communication system.

[0161] In some embodiments, the network device may include a transmitting device that transmits a downlink signal to the first device. For example, an access network device, a terminal device, a relay device, etc. that transmits a signal to the first device may serve as a network device in the embodiments of the present disclosure. In certain scenarios, the access network device transmitting downlink signals, the terminal device transmitting signals based on OFDM, etc., may both provide energy to the first device.

[0162] In some embodiments, the network device may send a signal to the first device. Optionally, any bit sent by the network device may include a period of time during which the bit is transmitted at a certain power, thereby keeping the first device in an activated state.

[0163] In one implementation, the signal sent by the network device to the first device may be modulated using pulse-interval encoding (PIE). Each PIE symbol obtained based on PIE modulation may include a time period during which transmission is performed at a certain power (referred to as a power transmission time period) and a time period during which no transmission is performed (referred to as a non-power transmission time period). Optionally, this PIE modulation method may be applied in radio frequency identification (RFID) technology.

[0164] Figure 1C is a schematic diagram of a PIE symbol shown in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The PIE symbol can be used to transmit a first signal. As shown in Figure 1C, each PIE symbol may include a time period for transmission at a certain power (a power transmission time period 11 as shown in Figure 1C) and a time period for no transmission (a powerless transmission time period 12 as shown in Figure 1C). In the power transmission time period 11, the first signal is transmitted at a certain power or high power, and in the powerless transmission time period 12, no signal may be transmitted, or the signal power may be 0 or low power. Optionally, the signal power of the powerless transmission time period 12 is less than the signal power of the power transmission time period 11.

[0165] In some embodiments, for different PIE symbols, the length of the power transmission time period 11 may vary according to the carried information, and the length of the non-power transmission time period 12 may be fixed.

[0166] For example, the PIE symbol corresponding to bit 1 includes a long power transmission period 11 with a certain power transmission duration and a short power-free transmission period 12 with no transmission duration, such as PIE symbol 1 and PIE symbol 3 shown in FIG1C .

[0167] The PIE symbol corresponding to bit 0 includes a short powered transmission time period 11 during which transmission is performed at a certain power level, and a short unpowered transmission time period 12 during which no transmission is performed. For example, PIE symbol 2 is shown in FIG1C . Optionally, the duration of powered transmission time period 11 of PIE symbol 2 may be less than, greater than, or equal to the duration of unpowered transmission time period 12.

[0168] In some embodiments, the name of the power transmission time period is not limited, and may be, for example, a "signal transmission portion", a "signal transmission time period", a "high power transmission time period", etc.

[0169] In some embodiments, the name of the no-power transmission time period is not limited, for example, it can be "zero power part", "zero power transmission time period", "zero power time period", "low power time period", etc.

[0170] In some embodiments, a power transmission period 11 and a power-free transmission period 12 can form a PIE symbol (i.e., a pulse), and different PIE symbols (pulses) can indicate different information or signals. For example, different PIE symbol lengths can indicate different bits (bit 1 and bit 0). For another example, a combination of multiple PIE symbols of different lengths can indicate a signal type, such as using three PIE symbols of different lengths to indicate a preamble signal.

[0171] In some embodiments, the power-free transmission time periods corresponding to PIE symbols of different lengths can be the same, and the total length of the PIE symbol can be adjusted only by adjusting the length of the power transmission time period. In this way, since the length of the power-free transmission time period is fixed, the complexity of PIE symbol transmission can be reduced and the reliability of PIE symbol transmission can be improved.

[0172] In this way, information can be sent to A-IoT devices through PIE symbols.

[0173] In another implementation, the signal sent by the network device to the first device may be coded and modulated using On-Off Keying (OOK). The coding may include, for example, Manchester coding. OOK may also be extended to Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK). The following description uses OOK as an example, but the method may also be extended to ASK modulation. Manchester coding is performed on the information bits in the downlink information to obtain coded bits, and each coded bit is then mapped to an OOK symbol. For example, for 1 / 2 Manchester coding, information bit 1 may be mapped to 2 coded bits (1, 0), and information bit 0 may be mapped to 2 coded bits (0, 1). For 1 / 4 Manchester coding, information bit 1 may be mapped to 4 coded bits (1, 0, 1, 0), and information bit 0 may be mapped to 4 coded bits (0, 1, 0, 1). Coded bits 1 or 0 may be mapped to OOK ON symbols and OOK OFF symbols, respectively.

[0174] In some embodiments, signal transmission between the network device 102 and the second device 103 is based on an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation scheme.

[0175] In some embodiments, the network device 102 may simultaneously send signals to the first device 101 and the second device 103. For example, in this communication system, a downlink signal (which may be referred to as a first signal) sent to the first device and a downlink signal (which may be referred to as a second signal) sent to the second device may be frequency-division multiplexed within one OFDM symbol. Optionally, the first signal may adopt the aforementioned PIE modulation method, and the second signal may adopt the OFDM modulation method.

[0176] In order to improve the orthogonality of subcarriers, a cyclic prefix (CP) may be added to each OFDM symbol.

[0177] Figure 1D is a schematic diagram of an OFDM symbol shown in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 1D, before the OFDM symbol is transmitted, the last part of each OFDM symbol (such as the fourth time period 14 in Figure 1D) can be copied and added to the front end of the OFDM symbol to form an additional time interval (the third time period 13 as shown in Figure 1D), that is, the cyclic prefix CP is obtained. As shown in Figure 1D, the time period occupied by each OFDM symbol and the CP corresponding to the OFDM symbol can be defined as the first time period, the time period occupied by the OFDM symbol (excluding the CP) can be defined as the second time period, and the fourth time period is the time period within the second time period that includes the end moment of the second time period, and the time length of the fourth time period is equal to the time length of the third time period. In a multipath propagation scenario, by adding a CP to the OFDM symbol, inter-symbol interference can be reduced and orthogonality between subcarriers can be achieved.

[0178] In the scenario where the first device (A-IoT device) and the second device (such as a 4G terminal, a 5G terminal, or a 6G terminal) coexist, since the first signal and the second signal need to be frequency-division multiplexed within one OFDM symbol, how to avoid the first signal affecting the anti-interference capability of the CP becomes a problem that needs to be solved.

[0179] FIG2A is an interactive schematic diagram of a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method can be executed by the above-mentioned communication system. As shown in FIG2A , the method may include:

[0180] Step S2101: The network device maps a first signal to at least one first time period.

[0181] In some embodiments, the first signal may adopt pulse interval encoding (PIE), for example, the first signal may be obtained after modulation based on PIE.

[0182] In some embodiments, the first signal may be a signal sent by the network device to the first device (eg, an A-IoT device).

[0183] In some embodiments, the name of the first signal is not limited, for example, it can be "downlink signal", "A-IoT signal", "A-IoT downlink signal", "downlink signal sent to A-IoT device", etc.

[0184] In some embodiments, the first signal may include at least one of the following:

[0185] A preamble signal, where the preamble signal is used at least for downlink synchronization between the first device and the network device;

[0186] The third signal is used to carry at least the first information sent to the first device.

[0187] In some embodiments, the name of the preamble signal is not limited, and may be, for example, a "preamble domain", "preamble part", etc.

[0188] In some embodiments, the name of the third signal is not limited, and may be, for example, "data signal", "data field", "data part", etc.

[0189] In some embodiments, the name of the first information is not limited, for example, it can be "downlink information", "A-IoT information", "A-IoT downlink information", "downlink information sent to A-IoT device", etc.

[0190] In one implementation, the first signal may only include the aforementioned preamble signal.

[0191] In another implementation, the first signal may only include the third signal.

[0192] In another implementation, the first signal may include two parts: a preamble signal and a third signal.

[0193] In yet another implementation, the first signal may further include other parts besides the preamble signal and the third signal.

[0194] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned first time period may include a second time period and a third time period, the second time period is the time period occupied by the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol, the third time period is the time period occupied by the cyclic prefix CP corresponding to the OFDM symbol, and the CP is used to repeat the signal carried by the OFDM symbol in the fourth time period, and the fourth time period is the time period within the second time period that includes the end moment of the second time period, and the fourth time period is equal to the third time period.

[0195] Optionally, the specific implementation of the first time period, the second time period, the third time period and the fourth time period can refer to the description in the embodiment shown in FIG1D , which will not be repeated here.

[0196] In some embodiments, the sampling value of the first signal in the third time period is the same as the sampling value of the first signal in the fourth time period. For example, if the sampling value of the first signal in the third time period (i.e., the time period corresponding to the CP) is a first sampling value, and the sampling value of the first signal in the fourth time period (i.e., the time period after the OFDM symbol associated with the CP) is a second sampling value, then the first sampling value and the second sampling value remain the same.

[0197] In some embodiments, the first signal is modulated into at least one PIE symbol, each of which may include a power transmission time period and a non-power transmission time period. For specific implementations of the power transmission time period and the non-power transmission time period of the PIE symbol, reference may be made to the description of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1C , and no further details will be given here.

[0198] In one implementation, the first sampling value and the second sampling value may both belong to the power transmission time period of the PIE symbol, that is, the third time period and the fourth time period included in a first time period are both the power transmission time periods of the PIE symbol.

[0199] In this way, the PIE symbols mapped to the third time period and the fourth time period are both powered transmission time periods, so that the sampling values ​​of the third time period and the fourth time period are the same, that is, the same power is used for transmission, thereby avoiding the PIE symbol affecting the CP corresponding to the OFDM symbol, achieving orthogonality between subcarriers, and improving the anti-interference capability of the communication system.

[0200] Figure 2B is a schematic diagram of mapping a first signal to at least one first time period. As shown in Figure 2B , the first signal is modulated into a plurality of PIE symbols, such as PIE symbol 1, PIE symbol 2, and PIE symbol 3 shown in Figure 2B .

[0201] As shown in FIG2B , the power transmission time period of PIE symbol 1 is mapped to the CP (i.e., the third time period), and the power transmission time period of PIE symbol 3 is mapped to the end portion of the OFDM symbol (i.e., the fourth time period). The network device can set the first sampling value of PIE symbol 1 mapped to the third time period and the second sampling value of PIE symbol 3 mapped to the fourth time period to be the same.

[0202] In this way, the sampling values ​​of the CP and the end part corresponding to OFDM can be made the same, and the orthogonality between subcarriers is achieved through the CP, which also improves the anti-interference capability of the wireless signal.

[0203] In another implementation, the first sampling value and the second sampling value may both belong to the no-power transmission time period of the PIE symbol, that is, the third time period and the fourth time period included in a first time period are both no-power transmission time periods of the PIE symbol.

[0204] In this way, the PIE symbols mapped to the third time period and the fourth time period are both power-free transmission time periods. The signal power in the power-free transmission time period is 0 or the same low power, which can avoid the PIE symbols affecting the CP corresponding to the OFDM symbols, achieve orthogonality between subcarriers, and improve the anti-interference ability of the communication system.

[0205] Figure 2C is a schematic diagram of mapping a first signal to at least one first time period. As shown in Figure 2C, the first signal is modulated into a plurality of PIE symbols, such as PIE symbol 1, PIE symbol 2, and PIE symbol 3 shown in Figure 2C.

[0206] As shown in Figure 2C, the power-free transmission time period of PIE symbol 1 is mapped to the CP (i.e., the third time period), and the zero-power part of PIE symbol 3 is mapped to the end part of the OFDM symbol (i.e., the fourth time period), so that the CP is the same as the rear part of the OFDM symbol.

[0207] In this way, the sampling values ​​of the CP and the end part corresponding to OFDM can be made the same, and the orthogonality between subcarriers is achieved through the CP, which also improves the anti-interference capability of the wireless signal.

[0208] In another implementation, part of the first sampling value and the second sampling value may belong to a power transmission time period and the other part may belong to a no-power transmission time period, but the first sampling value and the second sampling value are the same.

[0209] By adopting any of the above methods, the sampling value of the first signal in the third time period is the same as the sampling value of the first signal in the fourth time period, orthogonality between the subcarriers can be achieved, and the anti-interference ability of the wireless signal is improved. The network device can process the PIE symbols mapped to the third time period (i.e., the time period corresponding to the CP) and the fourth time period (i.e., the time period at the rear of the OFDM symbol associated with the CP) in this way. Accordingly, the A-IoT device (i.e., the first device) does not need to consider the OFDM symbol and CP structure of the downlink signal, but only needs to receive the downlink signal according to the PIE encoding, which can reduce the processing complexity of the A-IoT device without reducing the communication reliability of the A-IoT device.

[0210] In some embodiments, the embodiments of the present disclosure may not limit the mapping of PIE symbols in other time periods, and the other time periods may be other time periods in the first time period except the third time period and the fourth time period.

[0211] Step S2102: The network device sends a first signal and / or a second signal.

[0212] In some embodiments, the first device may receive a first signal sent by the network device.

[0213] In some embodiments, the second device may receive a second signal sent by the network device.

[0214] In some embodiments, the network device may send a first signal to the first device within the at least one first time period.

[0215] In some embodiments, the network device may further transmit a second signal within the at least one first time period. For example, the network device may transmit the second signal to the second device. In another example, the network device may broadcast the second information, without limiting the device receiving the second signal.

[0216] In some embodiments, the network device may send the first signal and the second signal based on frequency division multiplexing within the at least one first time period.

[0217] In some embodiments, the name of the second signal is not limited, for example, it can be "downlink signal", "A-IoT signal", "A-IoT downlink signal", "downlink signal sent to A-IoT device", etc.

[0218] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first signal may include a pilot signal. Optionally, the pilot signal may include N PIE symbols, where N may be any positive integer. For example, N may be equal to 2, 3, or other positive integers.

[0219] In some embodiments, the lengths of the N PIE symbols may be the same or different.

[0220] For example, the preamble signal may include three PIE symbols of different lengths, that is, the preamble signal is carried by three consecutive PIE symbols of different lengths, which increases the complexity of the preamble signal and also improves the transmission reliability of the preamble signal to avoid false detection.

[0221] For another example, the preamble signal may include three PIE symbols of the same length, that is, the preamble signal is carried by two consecutive PIE symbols of different lengths. This can reduce the complexity of the preamble signal and improve the processing efficiency of the A-IoT device while meeting a certain reliability.

[0222] Figure 2D is a schematic diagram of mapping a pilot signal to at least one first time period. As shown in Figure 2D, the pilot signal includes N PIE symbols.

[0223] As shown in Figure 2D, the pilot signal may include three PIE symbols (i.e., N=3). By properly configuring the timing position and length of the delimiter and PIE symbol, the sampling values ​​of the third time period (i.e., the time period corresponding to the CP) and the fourth time period (i.e., the time period after the OFDM symbol associated with the CP) are the same, thereby ensuring subcarrier orthogonality.

[0224] Optionally, the lengths of the N PIE symbols may be different.

[0225] Optionally, the N PIE symbols of different lengths may be used to carry some information about downlink transmission parameters.

[0226] In some embodiments, the pilot signal may further include a delimiter symbol, which may be transmitted without power and may be used to indicate that the first device has begun receiving the first signal. For example, the delimiter symbol may indicate the start of a downlink signal sent to the A-IoT device by returning the transmission power to zero.

[0227] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first signal may include a third signal, where the third signal is at least used to carry the first information sent to the first device.

[0228] Figure 2E is a schematic diagram of mapping a third signal to at least one first time period. As shown in Figure 2E , one information bit of the first information may correspond to one PIE symbol, and the third signal may include M PIE symbols, where M may be any positive integer, for example, the number of information bits of the first information.

[0229] In some embodiments, the lengths of the M PIE symbols may be the same or different.

[0230] Optionally, PIE symbols of different lengths can carry different information respectively. For example, bit 1 is carried by a PIE symbol with a long time period, and bit 1 is carried by a PIE symbol with a short time period, thereby achieving encoding of different bits.

[0231] Optionally, a combination of multiple PIE symbols of different lengths can be used to carry information or signals. For example, the pilot signal in the first signal can be carried by three PIE symbols of different lengths.

[0232] In some embodiments, a first time period (i.e., the total time length of an OFDM symbol and its CP) may include X candidate timing positions OFF (X may be any positive integer, as exemplified by X=3 in FIG2E ), and the candidate timing position OFF is not within the third time period 13 and the fourth time period 14, i.e., the candidate timing position OFF does not overlap with the third time period 13 and the fourth time period 14.

[0233] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the multiple candidate timing positions can serve as a power-free transmission time period for a PIE symbol, the power-free transmission time period for the PIE symbol includes other times other than the at least a portion of the candidate timing positions, and the power-free transmission time period for the PIE symbol includes the end time of the PIE symbol. For example, only the candidate timing positions can serve as the power-free transmission time period for the PIE symbol, i.e., the power-free transmission time period for the PIE symbol is a subset or a full set of the multiple candidate timing positions, and the network device can select the power-free transmission time period for the PIE symbol from the multiple candidate timing positions. Optionally, a portion of the multiple candidate timing positions can also serve as the power-free transmission time period for the PIE symbol.

[0234] In some embodiments, the duration between any two adjacent candidate timing positions OFF is equal, and the time difference between the end times of the two adjacent candidate timing positions can be a fifth time period. Optionally, the fifth time period is greater than or equal to twice the third time period 12 (that is, the CP duration). Optionally, a PIE symbol can include one or more fifth time periods. If a PIE symbol includes multiple fifth time periods, the last candidate timing position OFF can be used as the power-free transmission time period of the PIE symbol, and the rest of the multiple fifth time periods are all power-transmission time periods of the PIE symbol.

[0235] In some embodiments, the first time period may be an integer multiple of the fifth time period, i.e., the fifth time period may evenly divide the first time period, i.e., the fifth time period may be equal to a factor of the first time period. For example, the candidate timing positions may be allocated with a period P, where the period P is the fifth time period. A period P may be equal to a factor of the first time period (i.e., the total time length of an OFDM symbol and its CP), i.e., P evenly divides the first time period.

[0236] In some embodiments, the duration of a PIE symbol may be used to determine the value of an information bit, and the PIE symbol may include a first-type PIE symbol and a second-type PIE symbol.

[0237] In one implementation, the value of the information bit corresponding to the first type of PIE symbol is a first value, and the time length occupied by the first type of PIE symbol is m times the fifth time period, where m is a positive integer. Optionally, the first value may be bit 1.

[0238] For example, the bit 1 can be mapped to a first-class PIE symbol, which occupies m fifth time periods (cycles). Within the m fifth time periods, only the candidate timing position of the last fifth time period is a power-free transmission time period, and the rest of the time is used as a power transmission time period of the PIE symbol (i.e., according to a specific power transmission signal).

[0239] In one implementation, the value of the information bit corresponding to the second-type PIE symbol is a second value, and the time length occupied by the first-type PIE symbol is n times the fifth time period, where n is a positive integer and n is not equal to m. Optionally, the second value may be bit 0.

[0240] For example, the bit 0 can be mapped to a second-type PIE symbol, which occupies n fifth time periods (cycles). Within the n fifth time periods, only the candidate timing position of the last fifth time period is a power-free transmission time period, and the rest of the time is used as a power transmission time period of the PIE symbol (i.e., according to a specific power transmission signal).

[0241] In some embodiments, m may be greater than n, that is, the power transmission time period of bit 1 is greater than the power transmission time period of bit 0.

[0242] Based on the candidate timing positions, FIG2E shows two PIE symbol design methods, including PIE symbol set A and PIE symbol set B, where:

[0243] In one implementation, the third signal may include a PIE symbol set A, which may include four PIE symbols, namely PIE symbols A1-A4, PIE symbol A1 and PIE symbol A4 are first-type PIE symbols, which can be used to indicate that the value of the information bit is 1, and the first-type PIE symbol occupies two fifth time periods; PIE symbol A2 and PIE symbol A3 are second-type PIE symbols, which can be used to indicate that the value of the information bit is 0, and the second-type PIE symbol occupies one fifth time period.

[0244] In another implementation, the third signal may include a PIE symbol set B, which may include three PIE symbols, namely PIE symbols B1-B3, PIE symbol B1 is a first-type PIE symbol, which can be used to indicate that the value of the information bit is 1, and the first-type PIE symbol occupies three fifth time periods; PIE symbol B2 and PIE symbol B3 are second-type PIE symbols, which can be used to indicate that the value of the information bit is 0, and the second-type PIE symbol occupies two fifth time periods.

[0245] Using the above method, the candidate timing position is not within the third time period and the fourth time period, so the sampling value of the first signal in the third time period can be made the same as the sampling value of the first signal in the fourth time period, and the orthogonality between the subcarriers can be achieved, thereby improving the anti-interference ability of the wireless signal.

[0246] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first signal may include a third signal. The third signal may indicate the first information via the first coded information. For example, the third signal may carry the first coded information and indicate the first information via the first coded information.

[0247] Figure 2F is a schematic diagram of mapping a third signal to at least one first time period. As shown in Figure 2F, the third signal may include M PIE symbols, each of which may be of the same or different lengths. M may be any positive integer, for example, the number of information bits of the first information.

[0248] In some embodiments, one information bit of the first information may correspond to K coded bits of the first coded information, one coded bit of the first coded information corresponds to one PIE symbol, K is a positive integer, and M is an integer multiple of K.

[0249] For example, the first information may be encoded first. For example, Manchester encoding may be performed on each information bit of the first information to obtain K coded bits corresponding to the information bit.

[0250] If the Manchester code is 1 / 2 Manchester code, K is 2, that is, one information bit corresponds to two code bits. For example, information bit 1 can be mapped to two code bits (1, 0), and information bit 0 can be mapped to two code bits (0, 1).

[0251] If the Manchester code is 1 / 4 Manchester code, K is 4, that is, one information bit corresponds to four code bits. For example, information bit 1 can be mapped to four code bits (1, 0, 1, 0), and information bit 0 can be mapped to four code bits (0, 1, 0, 1).

[0252] In some embodiments, the duration of a PIE symbol may be used to determine the value of a coded bit. The PIE symbol may include a third-type PIE symbol and a fourth-type PIE symbol. The duration of the fourth-type PIE symbol is different from the duration of the third-type PIE symbol. For example, the duration of the third-type PIE symbol may be greater than the duration of the fourth-type PIE symbol.

[0253] In one implementation, the value of the coded bit corresponding to the third type of PIE symbol may be a first value, for example, bit 1.

[0254] In another implementation, the value of the coded bit corresponding to the fourth type of PIE symbol may be a second value, for example, bit 0.

[0255] In this way, the value of the coded bit can be determined to be 0 or 1 through the different lengths of the PIE symbol.

[0256] By using the above-described Manchester encoding and subsequent mapping method for information bits, each information bit can be mapped to an equal number of third-type PIE symbols (e.g., long PIE symbols) and fourth-type PIE symbols (e.g., short PIE symbols), thereby consuming the same amount of time to transmit each information bit. Thus, the total time required to transmit the first information is proportional to the number of information bits in the first information.

[0257] In some embodiments, the first time period may correspond to a PIE symbol group, which may include P third-type PIE symbols and P fourth-type PIE symbols, where P is a positive integer. For example, P may be equal to 1, 2, 4, or any other positive integer.

[0258] In some embodiments, the time length occupied by the PIE symbol group is the same as the time length of the first time period, but there is a time offset. For example, there may be a time offset between the start time of the PIE symbol group and the start time of the first time period. Alternatively, since the two have the same time length, the time offset may be the time difference between the start time of the PIE symbol group and the start time of the first time period, or the time difference between the end time of the PIE symbol group and the end time of the first time period.

[0259] The timing offset can be used to adjust the starting time of the PIE symbol, so that the third time period and the fourth time period contained in the first time period are both powered transmission time periods of the PIE symbol group obtained based on the time offset; or, the third time period and the fourth time period contained in the first time period are both powered transmission time periods of the PIE symbol group obtained based on the time offset.

[0260] In this way, based on the timing offset, the sampling value of the third signal in the third time period can be made the same as the sampling value of the third signal in the fourth time period.

[0261] In some embodiments, the timing offset may be greater than or equal to a first time threshold a and less than or equal to a second time threshold b, that is, the value range of the timing offset is [a, b].

[0262] In one implementation, the first time threshold may be the sum of the first duration x and the duration of the third time period, and the second time threshold may be the second duration y.

[0263] The first duration x and the second duration y can be used to determine a timing interval [x, y]. The starting time of the PIE symbol group is incremented by the first duration to obtain the starting time of the timing interval, and the starting time of the PIE symbol group is incremented by the second duration to obtain the ending time of the timing interval. Assuming that the starting time of the PIE symbol group is 0, the timing interval is [x, y]. All possible combinations of PIE symbols in the PIE symbol group are traversed, and the sampling values ​​within the timing interval [x, y] always belong to the power transmission time period of the PIE symbol or always belong to the non-power transmission time period of the PIE symbol.

[0264] Optionally, the first time threshold a and the second time threshold b may be determined in the following manner:

[0265] First, a timing interval [x, y] formed by a first duration x and a second duration y is determined. Under all possible combinations of PIE symbols in the above-mentioned PIE symbol group, the time periods within the timing interval [x, y] relative to the start time of the PIE symbol group all belong to the power transmission time period of the PIE symbol or all belong to the power-free transmission time period of the PIE symbol.

[0266] For example, all possible combination orders of PIE symbols in the above-mentioned PIE symbol group can be traversed, and the time period within the timing interval [x, y] relative to the starting position of the PIE symbol group always belongs to the power transmission time period of the PIE symbol or always belongs to the power-free transmission time period of the PIE symbol.

[0267] Secondly, the sum of the first duration x and the duration of the third time period is used as the first time threshold a, and the second duration y is used as the second time threshold b.

[0268] In some embodiments, the first time threshold a may be the duration of the third time period, and the second time threshold b may be the duration of the power transmission period of the shorter PIE symbol between the third and fourth type PIE symbols. That is, the first duration x is 0, and the second duration y is the duration of the power transmission period of the shorter PIE symbol between the third and fourth type PIE symbols.

[0269] In this way, the timing offset can be determined, and the mapping relationship between the PIE symbol and the OFDM symbol can be determined based on the timing offset, so that the sampling value of the third signal in the third time period is the same as the sampling value of the third signal in the fourth time period.

[0270] As shown in Figure 2F, taking K=2 as an example, the first information carried by the third signal may include two information bits (such as first information bit 1 and second information bit 0), the first information bit 1 is encoded as first coding bit 1 and second coding bit 0, the first coding bit corresponds to PIE symbol 1, and the second coding bit corresponds to PIE symbol 2; the second information bit 0 is encoded as third coding bit 0 and fourth coding bit 1, the third coding bit corresponds to PIE symbol 3, and the fourth coding bit corresponds to PIE symbol 4.

[0271] Optionally, as shown in Figure 2F, the PIE symbol group corresponding to each first time period may include 1 third-category PIE symbol and 1 fourth-category PIE symbol. For example, the first time period where OFDM symbol 1 is located corresponds to PIE symbol 1 and PIE symbol 2, and the first time period where OFDM symbol 2 is located corresponds to PIE symbol 3 and PIE symbol 4.

[0272] Optionally, as shown in Figure 2F, the first time period can be directly divided into multiple PIE symbols to obtain the PIE symbol set C as shown in Figure 2F, and the PIE symbol set C can be shifted according to the above-mentioned time offset to obtain the PIE symbol set D, which can be used to map the first signal to at least one first time period.

[0273] In this way, through timing offset, the third time period (CP) and the fourth time period (the back of the OFDM symbol associated with the CP) respectively carry the power transmission time periods of two PIE symbols, and the network device can set the sampling values ​​of the back of the CP and the associated OFDM symbol to be the same.

[0274] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first signal may include a preamble signal and a third signal, wherein the preamble signal may be mapped to at least one first time period based on the method of the embodiment shown in FIG2D , and the third signal may be mapped to at least one first time period based on the method of the embodiment shown in FIG2E . Optionally, the preamble signal and the third signal are respectively mapped to different first time periods. This is equivalent to generating the preamble signal based on the method of the embodiment shown in FIG2D , generating the third signal based on the method of the embodiment shown in FIG2E , and transmitting the first information via the third signal.

[0275] In other embodiments of the present disclosure, the first signal may include a preamble signal and a third signal, wherein the preamble signal may be mapped to at least one first time period based on the method of the embodiment shown in FIG2D , and the third signal may be mapped to at least one first time period based on the method of the embodiment shown in FIG2F . Optionally, the preamble signal and the third signal are respectively mapped to different first time periods. This is equivalent to generating the preamble signal based on the method of the embodiment shown in FIG2D , performing Manchester encoding on the first information based on the method of the embodiment shown in FIG2F , and transmitting the first information via the third signal.

[0276] In some other embodiments of the present disclosure, the first signal includes a pilot signal and a third signal, wherein:

[0277] The pilot signal may include N PIE symbols, the lengths of the N PIE symbols being the same or different, and N being a positive integer. For example, the pilot signal may be mapped to at least one first time period based on the method shown in FIG2D .

[0278] The third signal may be a signal obtained based on Manchester coding and on-off keying (OOK) modulation. Optionally, this embodiment does not limit the method of carrying the third signal (ie, Manchester coding and OOK modulated information) based on OFDM.

[0279] In some embodiments, the above steps S2101 and S2102 can be executed in an interchangeable order or simultaneously.

[0280] In some embodiments, the above steps S2101 and S2102 are optional steps.

[0281] In some embodiments, reference may be made to other optional implementations described before or after the description corresponding to FIG. 2A .

[0282] FIG3 is a flow chart of a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG3 , the embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a signal transmission method, which can be performed by a first device. The method may include:

[0283] Step S3101: Receive a first signal.

[0284] The optional implementation of step S3101 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2102 in FIG. 2A and other related parts in the embodiment involved in FIG. 2A , which will not be described in detail here.

[0285] In some embodiments, the first device may receive the first signal sent by a network device, but is not limited thereto. The first device may also receive the first signal sent by other entities.

[0286] In some embodiments, the first signal is mapped to at least one first time period, the first signal uses pulse interval encoding PIE, a first time period includes a second time period and a third time period, the second time period is the time period occupied by the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol, the third time period is the time period occupied by the cyclic prefix CP corresponding to the OFDM symbol, the CP is used to repeat the signal carried by the OFDM symbol in the fourth time period, the fourth time period is the time period within the second time period that includes the end time of the second time period, and the fourth time period is equal to the third time period, the sampling value of the first signal in the third time period is the same as the sampling value of the first signal in the fourth time period.

[0287] In some embodiments, the specific implementation manner in which the first signal is mapped to at least one first time period can refer to the description in the embodiments shown in Figures 2A to 2F, and will not be repeated here.

[0288] In some embodiments, the at least one first time period is also used by the network device to send a second signal, the second signal is modulated using OFDM, and the second signal is frequency division multiplexed with the first signal.

[0289] FIG4 is a flow chart of a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG4 , the embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a signal transmission method, which can be executed by a network device, and the method includes:

[0290] Step S4101: Map a first signal to at least one first time period.

[0291] The optional implementation of step S4101 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2101 in Figure 2A and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2A, which will not be repeated here.

[0292] In some embodiments, the first signal uses pulse interval encoding PIE, a first time period includes a second time period and a third time period, the second time period is the time period occupied by the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol, the third time period is the time period occupied by the cyclic prefix CP corresponding to the OFDM symbol, the CP is used to repeat the signal carried by the OFDM symbol in the fourth time period, the fourth time period is the time period within the second time period that includes the end time of the second time period, and the fourth time period is equal to the third time period, and the sampling value of the first signal in the third time period is the same as the sampling value of the first signal in the fourth time period.

[0293] Step S4102: Send the first signal and / or the second signal.

[0294] The optional implementation of step S4102 can refer to the optional implementation of step S2102 in Figure 2A and other related parts in the embodiment involved in Figure 2A, which will not be repeated here.

[0295] In some embodiments, the network device may send the first signal to the first device, but is not limited thereto. The network device may also send the first signal to other entities.

[0296] In some embodiments, the network device may send the second signal to the second device, but is not limited thereto. The network device may also send the second signal to other entities.

[0297] In some embodiments, the second signal is modulated using OFDM, and the second signal is frequency division multiplexed with the first signal.

[0298] In some embodiments, the above steps S4101 and S4102 can be executed in an interchanged order or simultaneously.

[0299] In some embodiments, the above steps S4101 and S4102 are optional steps.

[0300] In some embodiments, the first signal is modulated into at least one PIE symbol, where one PIE symbol includes a power transmission time period and a no-power transmission time period, wherein:

[0301] The third time period and the fourth time period included in a first time period are both power transmission time periods of the PIE symbol; or,

[0302] The third time period and the fourth time period contained in a first time period are both power-free transmission time periods of the PIE symbol.

[0303] In some embodiments, the first signal includes at least one of the following:

[0304] A pilot signal, where the pilot signal is used at least for downlink synchronization between the first device and the network device;

[0305] A third signal is used to at least carry first information sent to the first device.

[0306] In some embodiments, the first signal includes a preamble signal, the preamble signal includes N PIE symbols, and N is a positive integer.

[0307] In some embodiments, the pilot signal further includes a delimiter symbol, the delimiter symbol is transmitted with no power, and the delimiter symbol is used to instruct the first device to start receiving the first signal.

[0308] In some embodiments, the first signal includes the third signal, the third signal includes M PIE symbols, and M is a positive integer.

[0309] In some embodiments, one information bit of the first information corresponds to a PIE symbol, the third signal includes multiple candidate timing positions, the candidate timing positions are not within the third time period and the fourth time period, at least a part of the multiple candidate timing positions serve as the power-free transmission time period of the PIE symbol, the power transmission time period of the PIE symbol includes other times except the at least a part of the candidate timing positions, and the power-free transmission time period of the PIE symbol includes the end time of the PIE symbol.

[0310] In some embodiments, the time difference between the end moments of two adjacent candidate timing positions is a fifth time period, the fifth time period is greater than or equal to twice the third time period, and the first time period is an integer multiple of the fifth time period.

[0311] In some embodiments, the duration occupied by the PIE symbol is used to determine the value of the information bit, and the PIE symbol includes a first type of PIE symbol and a second type of PIE symbol, wherein:

[0312] The value of the information bit corresponding to the first type of PIE symbol is a first value, and the time length occupied by the first type of PIE symbol is m times the fifth time period, where m is a positive integer;

[0313] The value of the information bit corresponding to the second type of PIE symbol is a second numerical value, and the time length occupied by the first type of PIE symbol is n times the fifth time period, where n is a positive integer and is not equal to m.

[0314] In some embodiments, the third signal indicates the first information through first coding information, one information bit of the first information corresponds to K coding bits of the first coding information, one coding bit corresponds to one PIE symbol, K is a positive integer, and M is an integer multiple of K.

[0315] In some embodiments, the duration occupied by the PIE symbol is used to determine the value of the coded bit, the PIE symbol includes a third type of PIE symbol and a fourth type of PIE symbol, and the time length occupied by the fourth type of PIE symbol is different from the time length occupied by the third type of PIE symbol, wherein:

[0316] The value of the coded bit corresponding to the third type of PIE symbol is a first value;

[0317] The value of the coded bit corresponding to the fourth type of PIE symbol is the second value.

[0318] In some embodiments, a first time period corresponds to a PIE symbol group, and a PIE symbol group includes P third-type PIE symbols and P fourth-type PIE symbols, where P is a positive integer.

[0319] In some embodiments, the time length occupied by the PIE symbol group is the same as the time length of the first time period, and a start time of the PIE symbol group is time offset from a start time of the first time period, wherein:

[0320] The third time period and the fourth time period included in the first time period are both power transmission time periods of the PIE symbol group obtained based on the time offset; or,

[0321] The third time period and the fourth time period included in the first time period are both power-free transmission time periods of the PIE symbol group obtained based on the time offset.

[0322] In some embodiments, the time offset is greater than or equal to a first time threshold and less than or equal to a second time threshold, the first time threshold is the sum of the first duration and the third time period, and the second time threshold is the second duration;

[0323] Among them, the first duration and the second duration are used to determine a timing interval, the starting time of the PIE symbol group is increased by the first duration to obtain the starting time of the timing interval, and the starting time of the PIE symbol group is increased by the second duration to obtain the end time of the timing interval, and all possible combinations of PIE symbols in the PIE symbol group are traversed. The sampling values ​​within the timing interval always belong to the power transmission time period of the PIE symbol or always belong to the power-free transmission time period of the PIE symbol.

[0324] In some embodiments, the first signal includes a preamble signal and a third signal, wherein:

[0325] The pilot signal includes N PIE symbols, where N is a positive integer;

[0326] The third signal is a signal obtained based on Manchester encoding and on-off keying (OOK) modulation.

[0327] Figure 5 is a flow chart of a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 5, the embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a signal transmission method, which can be performed by a network device and / or a first device in a communication system. The method may include:

[0328] Step S5101: The network device sends a first signal to the first device.

[0329] In some embodiments, the first device may be an A-IoT device.

[0330] In some embodiments, the first signal may be a downlink signal sent by the network device to the A-IoT device.

[0331] In some embodiments, the network device may be a sending device that transmits a downlink signal to an A-IoT device.

[0332] In some embodiments, the downlink signal sent to an A-IoT device may include multiple PIE symbols transmitted consecutively. However, to frequency-division multiplex and maintain orthogonality with the NR channel / signal within the same OFDM symbol, a CP must still be added to each OFDM symbol. The CP is identical to the rear portion of the associated OFDM symbol. When mapping the PIE-encoded downlink signal to one or more consecutive OFDM symbols, a design principle is to ensure that the first sample value of PIE symbol A mapped to a CP is identical to the second sample value of PIE symbol B mapped to the rear portion of the OFDM symbol associated with the CP. For example, the first and second sample values ​​may both belong to the signal transmission portion of the PIE symbol; or both belong to the zero-power transmission portion of the PIE symbol; or, alternatively, one portion may belong to the signal transmission portion and the other portion to the zero-power transmission portion. This approach avoids interference between subcarriers within the OFDM symbol. The transmitting device transmitting the downlink signal to the A-IoT device processes the CP and the PIE symbol mapped to the rear portion of the associated OFDM symbol according to the aforementioned principle. Accordingly, the A-IoT device does not need to consider the OFDM symbols and CP structure of the downlink signal, but only needs to receive the downlink signal according to PIE coding.

[0333] FIG2B of an embodiment of the present disclosure illustrates a schematic diagram of mapping PIE symbols to CPs and OFDM symbols. In FIG2B , the signal transmission portion of PIE symbol 1 is mapped to the CP, and the signal transmission portion of PIE symbol 3 is mapped to the end of the OFDM symbol. A transmitting device transmitting a downlink signal to an A-IoT device can set the first sampled value of PIE symbol 1, which is mapped to the CP, to be the same as the second sampled value of PIE symbol 3, which is mapped to the end of the OFDM symbol.

[0334] FIG2C of an embodiment of the present disclosure shows another schematic diagram of mapping PIE symbols to CPs and OFDM symbols. In FIG2C , the zero-power portion of PIE symbol 1 is mapped to the CP, and the zero-power portion of PIE symbol 3 is mapped to the end of the OFDM symbol, thereby making the CP and the rear portion of the OFDM symbol identical.

[0335] The embodiments of the present disclosure may include at least one of the following solutions 1 to 5:

[0336] Solution 1: The above method of mapping PIE symbols to CP and OFDM symbols can be used to generate a preamble signal (Preamble) for a downlink signal sent to an A-IoT device. The preamble signal can support the A-IoT device to complete synchronization with the downlink signal transmission and can support the acquisition of other transmission parameters. For example, the other transmission parameters may include the length of the PIE symbol carrying bits 0 and / or 1. The preamble signal may be mapped to one or more OFDM symbols. The preamble signal may include one or more PIE symbols of the same or different lengths, and the first sampling value of the CP and the second sampling value of the rear of the associated OFDM symbol are made the same by reasonably selecting the length and timing position of the PIE symbol.

[0337] Figure 2D of an embodiment of the present disclosure is a schematic diagram of a pilot signal based on PIE. In Figure 2D, the pilot signal includes a delimiter and three PIE symbols of different lengths. The delimiter marks the start of the downlink signal sent to the A-IoT device by returning the transmission power to zero. The three PIE symbols of different lengths can be used to carry some information about downlink transmission parameters. By reasonably configuring the timing position and length of the delimiter and PIE symbol, the CP is made to have the same sampling value as the rear of the associated OFDM symbol, thereby ensuring carrier orthogonality.

[0338] Solution 2: The above method of mapping PIE symbols to CP and OFDM symbols can be used to transmit downlink information sent to A-IoT devices. In PIE encoding, bit 1 and bit 0 are mapped to PIE symbols of different lengths.

[0339] A mapping method for PIE coding is to allocate alternative timing positions of short time periods OFF for zero-power transmission of PIE symbols with a period P. The period P can be equal to the total time length T of an OFDM symbol and its CP. CPOFDM Factor of P, that is, P divides T CPOFDM . The interval between adjacent alternative timing positions is not less than 2 times the CP time. Bit 1 can map m cycles. In the m cycles, only the short OFF time period of the last cycle does not transmit signals, and the rest of the time the signals are transmitted at a specific power. Bit 0 can map n cycles. In the n cycles, only the short OFF time period of the last cycle does not transmit signals, and the rest of the time the signals are transmitted at a specific power. The above m and n are positive integers, not general, and m>n. Using this method, the sending device that transmits downlink signals to the A-IoT device can adjust the alternative timing position of the short OFF time period so that it does not overlap with the CP or the rear part of the OFDM symbol.

[0340] Figure 2E of an embodiment of the present disclosure is a schematic diagram of PIE encoding. In Figure 2E, the total time of an OFDM symbol and its CP is divided into 3 periods, and each period ends with a short period of OFF. The alternative timing position of the short period of OFF does not overlap with the CP or the rear of the OFDM symbol, so that the PIE symbol position mapped to bit 1 and bit 0 can be freely determined. The transmitting device that transmits a downlink signal to the A-IoT device can set the first sampling value of the PIE symbol mapped to the CP and the second sampling value of the PIE symbol mapped to the rear of the associated OFDM symbol to be the same, thereby ensuring subcarrier evidence. In the PIE symbol set A shown in Figure 2E, it is assumed that bit 1 is mapped to 2 periods and bit 0 is mapped to 1 period. In the PIE symbol set B shown in Figure 2E, it is assumed that bit 1 is mapped to 3 periods and bit 0 is mapped to 2 periods.

[0341] Another PIE mapping method is to first Manchester encode the information bits, and then map each coded bit to a PIE symbol. Using this method, each information bit is mapped to an equal number of long PIE symbols and short PIE symbols, so that the transmission time of each information bit is equal. The total time required to transmit downlink information is proportional to the number of information bits. The total time length of an OFDM symbol and its CP is T CPOFDM , time period T CPOFDM It can be divided into a group of equal numbers of long PIE symbols and short PIE symbols. The transmitting device that transmits a downlink signal to the A-IoT device can adjust the timing offset of the group of PIE symbols, and set the first sampling value of the PIE symbol mapped to the CP and the second sampling value of the PIE symbol mapped to the rear of the associated OFDM symbol to be the same. The timing offset can be defined as the offset of the start timing of the group of PIE symbols relative to the start timing of the CP. For example, the timing offset offset can be a left shift, a≤offset≤b, where a is equal to the duration of the CP and b is equal to the duration of the signal transmission part of the short PIE symbol. In general, all possible combinations of PIE symbols of the group of PIE symbols are traversed, and the sampling values ​​within the timing interval [x,y] relative to the starting position of the group of PIE symbols always belong to the signal transmission part of the PIE symbol or always belong to the zero-power transmission part of the PIE symbol, then the above x+LCP≤offset≤y can be set.

[0342] Figure 2F of an embodiment of the present disclosure is a schematic diagram of Manchester encoding and PIE encoding. As shown in the PIE symbol set C in Figure 2F, an OFDM symbol and CP are divided into a long PIE symbol and a short PIE symbol. The mapping timing of the PIE symbol set C in Figure 2F cannot satisfy the requirement that the sampling values ​​of the rear part of the CP and the associated OFDM symbol are the same. As shown in the PIE symbol set D in Figure 2F, by adding an additional offset to the waveform of the PIE symbol set C, the rear part of the CP and the associated OFDM symbol respectively carry the signal transmission parts of two PIE symbols. The sending device that transmits a downlink signal to the A-IoT device can set the sampling values ​​of the rear part of the CP and the associated OFDM symbol to be the same.

[0343] Solution 3: The above method of mapping PIE symbols to CP and OFDM symbols can be used to generate a pilot signal for a downlink signal sent to an A-IoT device and to transmit downlink information sent to the A-IoT device. For example, the method of Solution 1 can be used to generate a pilot signal based on PIE, and the method of Solution 2 (e.g., Figure 2E) can be used to transmit information based on PIE.

[0344] Solution 4: The above method of mapping PIE symbols to CP and OFDM symbols can be used to generate a pilot signal for a downlink signal sent to an A-IoT device, and transmit the downlink information sent to the A-IoT device based on Manchester coding and OOK modulation. For example, the method of Solution 1 can be used to generate a pilot signal based on PIE, and transmit the information using Manchester coding and OOK modulation. This embodiment does not limit the method of using OFDM to carry Manchester coding and OOK modulation information.

[0345] Solution 5: The above method of mapping PIE symbols to CP and OFDM symbols can be used to generate a preamble signal for a downlink signal sent to an A-IoT device, and transmit downlink information sent to the A-IoT device based on Manchester coding and PIE. For example, the method of Solution 1 can be used to generate a preamble signal based on PIE, and the method of Solution 2 (e.g., Figure 2F) can be used to transmit information based on PIE.

[0346] The above method supports the use of PIE to transmit the downlink signal of A-IoT devices in OFDM symbols, which can ensure the downlink transmission performance of A-IoT devices and be orthogonal to other NR channels / signals.

[0347] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a communication system is provided, which may include a first device and a network device, wherein the first device can execute the signal transmission method executed by the first device in the aforementioned embodiment of the present disclosure; and the network device can execute the signal transmission method executed by the network device in the aforementioned embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0348] The embodiments of the present disclosure further provide an apparatus for implementing any of the above methods. For example, an apparatus is provided, comprising units or modules for implementing each step performed by the first device in any of the above methods. For another example, another apparatus is provided, comprising units or modules for implementing each step performed by a network device (e.g., an access network device, a core network function node, a core network device, etc.) in any of the above methods.

[0349] It should be understood that the division of the various units or modules in the above device is merely a division of logical functions. In actual implementation, they may be fully or partially integrated into a physical entity, or they may be physically separated. In addition, the units or modules in the device may be implemented in the form of a processor calling software: for example, the device includes a processor, the processor is connected to a memory, and the memory stores instructions. The processor calls the instructions stored in the memory to implement any of the above methods or implement the functions of the various units or modules of the above device, wherein the processor is, for example, a general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU) or a microprocessor, and the memory is a memory within the device or a memory outside the device. Alternatively, the units or modules in the device can be implemented in the form of hardware circuits, and the functions of some or all of the units or modules can be realized by designing the hardware circuits. The above-mentioned hardware circuits can be understood as one or more processors; for example, in one implementation, the above-mentioned hardware circuit is an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and the functions of some or all of the above units or modules are realized by designing the logical relationship of the components in the circuit; for example, in another implementation, the above-mentioned hardware circuit can be realized by a programmable logic device (PLD). Taking a field programmable gate array (FPGA) as an example, it can include a large number of logic gate circuits, and the connection relationship between the logic gate circuits is configured by configuring the configuration file, thereby realizing the functions of some or all of the above units or modules. All units or modules of the above devices can be realized in the form of software called by the processor, or in the form of hardware circuits, or in part by the form of software called by the processor, and the rest by hardware circuits.

[0350] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the processor is a circuit with signal processing capabilities. In one implementation, the processor can be a circuit with instruction reading and execution capabilities, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a graphics processing unit (GPU) (which can be understood as a microprocessor), or a digital signal processor (DSP); in another implementation, the processor can implement certain functions through the logical relationship of the hardware circuit, and the logical relationship of the above hardware circuit is fixed or reconfigurable, such as a hardware circuit implemented by a processor as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a programmable logic device (PLD), such as an FPGA. In a reconfigurable hardware circuit, the process of the processor loading a configuration document to implement the hardware circuit configuration can be understood as the process of the processor loading instructions to implement the functions of some or all of the above units or modules. In addition, it can also be a hardware circuit designed for artificial intelligence, which can be understood as ASIC, such as a neural network processing unit (NPU), a tensor processing unit (TPU), a deep learning processing unit (DPU), etc.

[0351] Figure 6A is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first device proposed in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 6A, the first device 101 may include: at least one of a transceiver module 211 and a processing module 212. In some embodiments, the transceiver module 211 is configured to receive a first signal sent by a network device, the first signal being mapped to at least one first time period, the first signal using pulse interval encoding (PIE), a first time period including a second time period and a third time period, the second time period being a time period occupied by an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, the third time period being a time period occupied by a cyclic prefix (CP) corresponding to the OFDM symbol, the CP being used to repeat a signal carried by an OFDM symbol in a fourth time period, the fourth time period being a time period within the second time period including the end moment of the second time period, and the fourth time period being equal to the third time period, the sampling value of the first signal in the third time period is the same as the sampling value of the first signal in the fourth time period. Optionally, the transceiver module 211 may be used to perform at least one of the communication steps (e.g., step S2102, but not limited thereto) such as sending and / or receiving performed by the first device in any of the above methods, which will not be described in detail here. Optionally, the processing module 212 may be configured to execute at least one of the other steps (such as step S2101 , but not limited thereto) executed by the first device in any of the above methods, which will not be described in detail here.

[0352] Figure 6B is a schematic diagram of the structure of a network device proposed in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 6B, the network device 102 may include at least one of a transceiver module 221 and a processing module 222. In some embodiments, the transceiver module 221 is configured to send a first signal to a first device within at least one first time period, where the first device is an environmental Internet of Things device; the processing module 222 is configured to map the first signal to at least one first time period, where the first signal uses pulse interval encoding (PIE). A first time period includes a second time period and a third time period. The second time period is a time period occupied by an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, and the third time period is a time period occupied by a cyclic prefix (CP) corresponding to the OFDM symbol. The CP is used to repeat a signal carried by an OFDM symbol within a fourth time period. The fourth time period is a time period within the second time period that includes the end of the second time period, and the fourth time period is equal to the third time period. The sampling value of the first signal within the third time period is the same as the sampling value of the first signal within the fourth time period. Optionally, the transceiver module 221 may be configured to execute at least one of the communication steps (e.g., step S2102, but not limited thereto) such as sending and / or receiving performed by the network device in any of the above methods, which are not described in detail here. Optionally, the processing module 222 may be configured to execute at least one of the other steps (e.g., step S2101, but not limited thereto) performed by the network device in any of the above methods, which are not described in detail here.

[0353] In some embodiments, the transceiver module may include a transmitting module and / or a receiving module, and the transmitting module and the receiving module may be separate or integrated. Optionally, the transceiver module may be interchangeable with the transceiver.

[0354] In some embodiments, the processing module can be a single module or can include multiple submodules. Optionally, the multiple submodules respectively execute all or part of the steps required to be executed by the processing module. Optionally, the processing module can be interchangeable with the processor.

[0355] Figure 7A is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication device proposed in the embodiment of the present disclosure. The communication device 300 can be a network device (such as an access network device, a core network device, etc.), or a first device (such as a user device, etc.), or a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the network device to implement any of the above methods, or a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the first device to implement any of the above methods. The communication device 300 can be used to implement the method described in the above method embodiment. For details, please refer to the description of the above method embodiment.

[0356] As shown in Figure 7A, the communication device 300 includes one or more processors 301. The processor 301 can be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor, for example, a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor can be used to process the communication protocol and communication data, and the central processing unit can be used to control the communication device (such as a base station, a baseband chip, a first device, a first device chip, a DU or a CU, etc.), execute programs, and process program data. Optionally, the communication device 300 can be used to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, one or more processors 301 are used to call instructions to enable the communication device 300 to perform any of the above methods.

[0357] In some embodiments, the communication device 300 may further include one or more transceivers 302. When the communication device 300 includes one or more transceivers 302, the transceiver 302 may perform at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above method (for example, step S2102, but not limited thereto), and the processor 301 may perform at least one of the other steps (for example, step S2101, but not limited thereto).

[0358] In some embodiments, a transceiver may include a receiver and / or a transmitter. The receiver and transmitter may be separate or integrated. Optionally, the terms transceiver, transceiver unit, transceiver, transceiver circuit, interface circuit, and interface may be used interchangeably; the terms transmitter, transmitting unit, transmitter, and transmitting circuit may be used interchangeably; and the terms receiver, receiving unit, receiver, and receiving circuit may be used interchangeably.

[0359] In some embodiments, the communication device 300 also includes one or more memories 303 for storing data. Alternatively, all or part of the memories 303 may be located outside the communication device 300. In alternative embodiments, the communication device 300 may include one or more interface circuits 304. Optionally, the interface circuits 304 are connected to the memories 303 and can be used to receive data from the memories 303 or other devices, or to send data to the memories 303 or other devices. For example, the interface circuits 304 can read data stored in the memories 303 and send the data to the processor 301.

[0360] The communication device 300 described in the above embodiment may be a network device or a first device, but the scope of the communication device 300 described in the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the structure of the communication device 300 may not be limited by FIG. 7A. The communication device may be an independent device or may be part of a larger device. For example, the communication device 300 may be: 1) an independent integrated circuit IC, or a chip, or a chip system or subsystem; (2) a collection of one or more ICs, optionally, the above IC collection may also include a storage component for storing data or programs; (3) an ASIC, such as a modem; (4) a module that can be embedded in other devices; (5) a receiver, a first device, an intelligent first device, a cellular phone, a wireless device, a handheld device, a mobile unit, an in-vehicle device, a network device, a cloud device, an artificial intelligence device, etc.; (6) others, etc.

[0361] FIG7B is a schematic diagram of the structure of the chip 400 proposed in an embodiment of the present disclosure. If the communication device 300 can be a chip or a chip system, please refer to the schematic diagram of the structure of the chip 400 shown in FIG7B , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0362] The chip 400 includes one or more processors 401 , and the chip 400 is configured to execute any of the above methods.

[0363] In some embodiments, chip 400 further includes one or more interface circuits 404. Alternatively, the terms interface circuit, interface, and transceiver pins may be used interchangeably. In some embodiments, chip 400 further includes one or more memories 403 for storing data. Alternatively, all or part of memories 403 may be located external to chip 400.

[0364] Optionally, the interface circuit 404 is connected to the memory 403. The interface circuit 404 can be used to receive data from the memory 403 or other devices, and the interface circuit 404 can be used to send data to the memory 403 or other devices. For example, the interface circuit 404 can read data stored in the memory 403 and send the data to the processor 401.

[0365] In some embodiments, the interface circuit 404 performs at least one of the communication steps (e.g., step S2102, but not limited thereto) in the above method, such as sending and / or receiving. For example, the interface circuit 404 performing the communication steps (e.g., sending and / or receiving) in the above method means that the interface circuit 404 performs data exchange between the processor 401, chip 400, memory 403, or a transceiver device. In some embodiments, the processor 401 may perform at least one of the other steps (e.g., step S2101, but not limited thereto).

[0366] The modules and / or devices described in various embodiments, such as virtual devices, physical devices, and chips, can be arbitrarily combined or separated according to circumstances. Optionally, some or all steps can also be performed collaboratively by multiple modules and / or devices, which is not limited here.

[0367] The embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a storage medium having instructions stored thereon. When the instructions are executed on the communication device 300, the communication device 300 executes any of the above methods. Optionally, the storage medium is an electronic storage medium. Optionally, the storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium, but is not limited thereto and may also be a storage medium readable by other devices. Optionally, the storage medium may be a non-transitory storage medium, but is not limited thereto and may also be a transient storage medium.

[0368] The present disclosure also provides a program product that, when executed by the communication device 300, causes the communication device 300 to perform any of the above optional methods. Alternatively, the program product may be a computer program product. Alternatively, the computer program product may include a computer program that, when executed by the communication device, implements any of the above optional methods.

[0369] The embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a computer program, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute any of the above optional methods.

Claims

1. A signal transmission method, characterized in that: Executed by a network device, the method includes: Mapping a first signal to at least one first time period, where the first signal adopts pulse interval encoding (PIE), and one first time period includes a second time period and a third time period, where the second time period is a time period occupied by an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, and the third time period is a time period occupied by a cyclic prefix (CP) corresponding to the OFDM symbol, where the CP is used to repeat a signal carried by the OFDM symbol in a fourth time period, where the fourth time period is a time period within the second time period that includes an end time of the second time period, and the fourth time period is equal to the third time period, and a sampling value of the first signal in the third time period is the same as a sampling value of the first signal in the fourth time period; In the at least one first time period, the first signal is sent to a first device, where the first device is an environmental Internet of Things device.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises: A second signal is sent in the at least one first time period, the second signal is modulated using OFDM, and the second signal is frequency-division multiplexed with the first signal.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The first signal is modulated into at least one PIE symbol, where one PIE symbol includes a power transmission time period and a no-power transmission time period, wherein: The third time period and the fourth time period included in a first time period are both power transmission time periods of the PIE symbol; or, The third time period and the fourth time period contained in a first time period are both power-free transmission time periods of the PIE symbol.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The first signal includes at least one of the following: A pilot signal, where the pilot signal is used at least for downlink synchronization between the first device and the network device; A third signal is used to at least carry first information sent to the first device.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The first signal includes a preamble signal, the preamble signal includes N PIE symbols, and N is a positive integer.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The pilot signal further includes a delimiter symbol, which is transmitted with no power and is used to instruct the first device to start receiving the first signal.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The first signal includes the third signal, the third signal includes M PIE symbols, and M is a positive integer.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that One information bit of the first information corresponds to a PIE symbol, the third signal includes multiple candidate timing positions, the candidate timing positions are not within the third time period and the fourth time period, at least a part of the multiple candidate timing positions serve as the power-free transmission time period of the PIE symbol, the power transmission time period of the PIE symbol includes other times except the at least a part of the candidate timing positions, and the power-free transmission time period of the PIE symbol includes the end time of the PIE symbol.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The time difference between the end moments of two adjacent candidate timing positions is a fifth time period, the fifth time period is greater than or equal to twice the third time period, and the first time period is an integer multiple of the fifth time period.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The duration occupied by the PIE symbol is used to determine the value of the information bit, and the PIE symbol includes a first-type PIE symbol and a second-type PIE symbol, wherein: The value of the information bit corresponding to the first type of PIE symbol is a first value, and the time length occupied by the first type of PIE symbol is m times the fifth time period, where m is a positive integer; The value of the information bit corresponding to the second type of PIE symbol is a second numerical value, and the time length occupied by the first type of PIE symbol is n times the fifth time period, where n is a positive integer and is not equal to m.

11. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The third signal indicates the first information through first coding information, one information bit of the first information corresponds to K coding bits of the first coding information, one coding bit corresponds to one PIE symbol, K is a positive integer, and M is an integer multiple of K.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The duration occupied by the PIE symbol is used to determine the value of the coded bit, the PIE symbol includes a third type of PIE symbol and a fourth type of PIE symbol, the duration occupied by the fourth type of PIE symbol is different from the duration occupied by the third type of PIE symbol, wherein: The value of the coded bit corresponding to the third type of PIE symbol is a first value; The value of the coded bit corresponding to the fourth type of PIE symbol is the second value.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that A first time period corresponds to a PIE symbol group, and a PIE symbol group includes P third-category PIE symbols and P fourth-category PIE symbols, where P is a positive integer.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that The time length occupied by the PIE symbol group is the same as the time length of the first time period, and a start time of the PIE symbol group is time offset from a start time of the first time period, wherein: The third time period and the fourth time period included in the first time period are both power transmission time periods of the PIE symbol group obtained based on the time offset; or, The third time period and the fourth time period included in the first time period are both power-free transmission time periods of the PIE symbol group obtained based on the time offset.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that The time offset is greater than or equal to a first time threshold and less than or equal to a second time threshold, the first time threshold is the sum of the first duration and the duration of the third time period, and the second time threshold is the second duration; Among them, the first duration and the second duration are used to determine a timing interval, the starting time of the PIE symbol group is increased by the first duration to obtain the starting time of the timing interval, and the starting time of the PIE symbol group is increased by the second duration to obtain the end time of the timing interval. All possible combinations of PIE symbols in the PIE symbol group are traversed, and the sampling values within the timing interval always belong to the power transmission time period of the PIE symbol or always belong to the power-free transmission time period of the PIE symbol.

16. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The first signal includes a preamble signal and a third signal, wherein: The pilot signal includes N PIE symbols, where N is a positive integer; The third signal is a signal obtained based on Manchester encoding and on-off keying (OOK) modulation.

17. A signal transmission method, characterized in that: Executed by a first device, the method includes: A first signal sent by a receiving network device is mapped to at least one first time period, the first signal adopts pulse interval encoding PIE, a first time period includes a second time period and a third time period, the second time period is the time period occupied by the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol, the third time period is the time period occupied by the cyclic prefix CP corresponding to the OFDM symbol, the CP is used to repeat the signal carried by the OFDM symbol in a fourth time period, the fourth time period is the time period within the second time period that includes the end time of the second time period, and the fourth time period is equal to the third time period, and the sampling value of the first signal in the third time period is the same as the sampling value of the first signal in the fourth time period.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that The at least one first time period is also used by the network device to send a second signal, the second signal is modulated using OFDM, and the second signal is frequency division multiplexed with the first signal.

19. The method according to claim 17, wherein The first signal is modulated into at least one PIE symbol, where one PIE symbol includes a power transmission time period and a no-power transmission time period, wherein: The third time period and the fourth time period included in a first time period are both power transmission time periods of the PIE symbol; or, The third time period and the fourth time period contained in a first time period are both power-free transmission time periods of the PIE symbol.

20. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that The first signal includes at least one of the following: A pilot signal, where the pilot signal is used at least for downlink synchronization between the first device and the network device; A third signal is used to at least carry first information sent to the first device.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that The first signal includes a preamble signal, the preamble signal includes N PIE symbols, and N is a positive integer.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that The pilot signal further includes a delimiter symbol, which is transmitted with no power and is used to instruct the first device to start receiving the first signal.

23. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that The first signal includes the third signal, the third signal includes M PIE symbols, and M is a positive integer.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein One information bit of the first information corresponds to a PIE symbol, the third signal includes multiple candidate timing positions, the candidate timing positions are not within the third time period and the fourth time period, at least a part of the multiple candidate timing positions serve as the power-free transmission time period of the PIE symbol, the power transmission time period of the PIE symbol includes other times except the at least a part of the candidate timing positions, and the power-free transmission time period of the PIE symbol includes the end time of the PIE symbol.

25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that The time difference between the end moments of two adjacent candidate timing positions is a fifth time period, the fifth time period is greater than or equal to twice the third time period, and the first time period is an integer multiple of the fifth time period.

26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that The duration occupied by the PIE symbol is used to determine the value of the information bit, and the PIE symbol includes a first-type PIE symbol and a second-type PIE symbol, wherein: The value of the information bit corresponding to the first type of PIE symbol is a first value, and the time length occupied by the first type of PIE symbol is m times the fifth time period, where m is a positive integer; The value of the information bit corresponding to the second type of PIE symbol is a second numerical value, and the time length occupied by the first type of PIE symbol is n times the fifth time period, where n is a positive integer and is not equal to m.

27. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that The third signal indicates the first information through first coding information, one information bit of the first information corresponds to K coding bits of the first coding information, one coding bit corresponds to one PIE symbol, K is a positive integer, and M is an integer multiple of K.

28. The method according to claim 27, characterized in that The duration occupied by the PIE symbol is used to determine the value of the coded bit, the PIE symbol includes a third type of PIE symbol and a fourth type of PIE symbol, the duration occupied by the fourth type of PIE symbol is different from the duration occupied by the third type of PIE symbol, wherein: The value of the coded bit corresponding to the third type of PIE symbol is a first value; The value of the coded bit corresponding to the fourth type of PIE symbol is the second value.

29. The method according to claim 28, characterized in that A first time period corresponds to a PIE symbol group, and a PIE symbol group includes P third-category PIE symbols and P fourth-category PIE symbols, where P is a positive integer.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein The time length occupied by the PIE symbol group is the same as the time length of the first time period, and a start time of the PIE symbol group is time offset from a start time of the first time period, wherein: The third time period and the fourth time period included in the first time period are both power transmission time periods of the PIE symbol group obtained based on the time offset; or, The third time period and the fourth time period included in the first time period are both power-free transmission time periods of the PIE symbol group obtained based on the time offset.

31. The method according to claim 30, wherein The time offset is greater than or equal to a first time threshold and less than or equal to a second time threshold, the first time threshold is the sum of the first duration and the duration of the third time period, and the second time threshold is the second duration; Among them, the first duration and the second duration are used to determine a timing interval, the starting time of the PIE symbol group is increased by the first duration to obtain the starting time of the timing interval, and the starting time of the PIE symbol group is increased by the second duration to obtain the end time of the timing interval. All possible combinations of PIE symbols in the PIE symbol group are traversed, and the sampling values within the timing interval always belong to the power transmission time period of the PIE symbol or always belong to the power-free transmission time period of the PIE symbol.

32. The method according to claim 20, wherein The first signal includes a preamble signal and a third signal, wherein: The pilot signal includes N PIE symbols, where N is a positive integer; The third signal is a signal obtained based on Manchester encoding and on-off keying (OOK) modulation.

33. A first device, characterized in that: include: The transceiver module is configured to receive a first signal sent by a network device, where the first signal is mapped to at least one first time period, the first signal adopts pulse interval encoding PIE, and a first time period includes a second time period and a third time period, the second time period is the time period occupied by the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol, the third time period is the time period occupied by the cyclic prefix CP corresponding to the OFDM symbol, and the CP is used to repeat the signal carried by the OFDM symbol in a fourth time period, the fourth time period is the time period within the second time period that includes the end time of the second time period, and the fourth time period is equal to the third time period, and the sampling value of the first signal in the third time period is the same as the sampling value of the first signal in the fourth time period.

34. A network device, characterized in that: include: a processing module configured to map a first signal to at least one first time period, where the first signal adopts pulse interval encoding (PIE), and one first time period includes a second time period and a third time period, where the second time period is a time period occupied by an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, and the third time period is a time period occupied by a cyclic prefix (CP) corresponding to the OFDM symbol, where the CP is used to repeat a signal carried by the OFDM symbol in a fourth time period, where the fourth time period is a time period within the second time period that includes an end time of the second time period, and the fourth time period is equal to the third time period, and a sampling value of the first signal in the third time period is the same as a sampling value of the first signal in the fourth time period; The transceiver module is configured to send the first signal to a first device within the at least one first time period, where the first device is an environmental Internet of Things device.

35. A communication device, characterized in that: include: one or more processors; The communication device is used to execute the signal transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 16 or claims 17 to 32.

36. A storage medium storing instructions, characterized in that: When the instruction is executed on a communication device, the communication device is caused to execute the signal transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 16 or claims 17 to 32.

37. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed by a communication device, the signal transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 16 or claims 17 to 32 is implemented.

38. A communication system, characterized in that: The communication system includes a first device and a network device, wherein the network device is configured to implement the signal transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, and the first device is configured to implement the signal transmission method according to any one of claims 17 to 32.

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