Backscatter signal transmission method and apparatus, carrier excitation signal sending method and apparatus, communication device, and medium

Abstract

A backscatter signal transmission method and apparatus, a carrier excitation signal sending method and apparatus, a communication device, and a medium, which belong to the technical field of communications. The backscatter signal transmission method comprises: a first device acquiring a first transmission parameter, wherein the first transmission parameter comprises at least two backscatter frequencies; and the first device transmitting a first backscatter signal to a second device on the basis of the first transmission parameter.

Description

Backscatter signal transmission method, carrier excitation signal transmission method, device, communication equipment and medium

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410175162.2 filed in China on February 7, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present application belongs to the field of communication technology, and specifically relates to a backscatter signal transmission method, a carrier excitation signal sending method, an apparatus, a communication device and a medium. Background Art

[0004] Backscatter Communication (BSC) is a method in which a backscatter communication device uses radio frequency signals from other devices or the environment to modulate the signal and transmit its own information.

[0005] In related technologies, backscatter communication devices achieve data transmission by adjusting the carrier backscattering time by adjusting the internal load impedance and antenna impedance, controlling the matching or mismatch between the load impedance and the antenna impedance. However, when the backscatter device operates at the backscatter frequency to control the matching state between the load impedance and the antenna impedance, if the channel has significant selective fading at that backscatter frequency, signal distortion may occur during transmission, resulting in poor information transmission reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The embodiments of the present application provide a backscatter signal transmission method, a carrier excitation signal sending method, an apparatus, a communication device, and a medium, which can reduce the probability of transmission errors and improve the reliability of information transmission.

[0007] In a first aspect, a backscatter signal transmission method is provided, the method comprising: a first device acquiring a first transmission parameter, the first transmission parameter comprising at least two backscatter frequencies; and the first device transmitting a first backscatter signal to a second device according to the first transmission parameter.

[0008] In a second aspect, a backscatter signal transmission method is provided, the method comprising: a second device receiving a first backscatter signal from a first device; wherein the first backscatter signal is a backscatter signal transmitted according to a first transmission parameter, and the first transmission parameter includes at least two backscatter frequencies.

[0009] In a third aspect, a method for sending a carrier excitation signal is provided, which includes: a third device obtains a third transmission parameter; the third device sends a second carrier excitation signal to the first device based on the third transmission parameter; wherein the third transmission parameter includes at least two second carrier frequencies, and the second carrier excitation signal is used for the first device to transmit a backscattered signal.

[0010] In a fourth aspect, a backscatter signal transmission device is provided, which includes: an acquisition module and an execution module, wherein: the acquisition module is used to obtain a first transmission parameter, and the first transmission parameter includes at least two backscatter frequencies; the execution module is used to transmit a first backscatter signal to a second device according to the first transmission parameter obtained by the acquisition module.

[0011] In a fifth aspect, a backscatter signal transmission device is provided, which includes: a receiving module; the receiving module is used to receive a first backscatter signal from a first device; wherein the first backscatter signal is a backscatter signal transmitted according to a first transmission parameter, and the first transmission parameter includes at least two backscatter frequencies.

[0012] In the sixth aspect, a carrier excitation signal sending device is provided, the device comprising: an acquisition module and a sending module, wherein: the acquisition module is used to obtain a third transmission parameter; the sending module is used to send a second carrier excitation signal to the first device according to the third transmission parameter obtained by the acquisition module; wherein the third transmission parameter includes at least two second carrier frequencies, and the second carrier excitation signal is used for the first device to transmit a backscattered signal.

[0013] In a seventh aspect, a terminal is provided, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a program or instruction that can be run on the processor, and when the program or instruction is executed by the processor, the steps of the method described in the first aspect are implemented.

[0014] In an eighth aspect, a terminal is provided, comprising a processor and a communication interface, wherein the processor is used to obtain a first transmission parameter, the first transmission parameter including at least two backscatter frequencies, and transmit a first backscatter signal to a second device according to the first transmission parameter obtained by the acquisition module.

[0015] In the ninth aspect, a network side device is provided, which includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores programs or instructions that can be run on the processor, and when the program or instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the method described in the second aspect are implemented, or the steps of the method described in the third aspect are implemented.

[0016] In the tenth aspect, a network side device is provided, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is used to receive a first backscatter signal from a first device; wherein the first backscatter signal is a backscatter signal transmitted according to a first transmission parameter, and the first transmission parameter includes at least two backscatter frequencies; or, the processor is used to obtain a third transmission parameter; the communication interface is used to send a second carrier excitation signal to the first device according to the obtained third transmission parameter; wherein the third transmission parameter includes at least two second carrier frequencies, and the second carrier excitation signal is used for the first device to transmit the backscatter signal.

[0017] In the eleventh aspect, a communication device is provided, which includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores programs or instructions that can be run on the processor, and when the program or instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the method described in the first aspect are implemented, or the steps of the method described in the second aspect are implemented, or the steps of the method described in the third aspect are implemented.

[0018] In the twelfth aspect, a communication device is provided, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the processor is used to obtain a first transmission parameter, the first transmission parameter includes at least two backscatter frequencies, and transmits a first backscatter signal to a second device according to the first transmission parameter obtained by the acquisition module; or, the communication interface is used to receive a first backscatter signal from the first device; wherein the first backscatter signal is a backscatter signal transmitted according to the first transmission parameter, and the first transmission parameter includes at least two backscatter frequencies; or, the processor is used to obtain a third transmission parameter; the communication interface is used to send a second carrier excitation signal to the first device according to the acquired third transmission parameter; wherein the third transmission parameter includes at least two second carrier frequencies, and the second carrier excitation signal is used for the first device to transmit a backscatter signal.

[0019] In the thirteenth aspect, a readable storage medium is provided, on which a program or instruction is stored. When the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described in the first aspect are implemented, or the steps of the method described in the second aspect are implemented, or the steps of the method described in the third aspect are implemented.

[0020] In the fourteenth aspect, a wireless communication system is provided, including: a terminal and a network side device, wherein the terminal can be used to execute the steps of the method described in the first aspect, and the network side device can be used to execute the steps of the method described in the second aspect or execute the steps of the method described in the third aspect.

[0021] In the fifteenth aspect, a chip is provided, which includes a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface and the processor are coupled, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the method as described in the first aspect, or the method as described in the second aspect, or the method as described in the third aspect.

[0022] In the sixteenth aspect, a computer program / program product is provided, which is stored in a storage medium and is executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the backscatter signal transmission method as described in the first aspect, or the steps of the backscatter signal transmission method as described in the second aspect, or the steps of the carrier excitation signal sending method as described in the third aspect.

[0023] In an embodiment of the present application, a first device obtains first transmission parameters, which include at least two backscatter frequencies. The first device transmits a first backscatter signal to a second device based on the first transmission parameters. This method allows the first device to transmit a backscatter signal to the second device using at least two backscatter frequencies, thereby enabling the use of multiple backscatter frequencies to transmit the backscatter signal. This reduces the impact of frequency selective fading on the transmission of the backscatter signal, thereby reducing the probability of transmission errors and improving the reliability of information transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] FIG1A is a block diagram of a wireless communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] FIG1B is a waveform diagram of a signal according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] FIG2A is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] FIG2B is a second schematic diagram of a wireless communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a flow chart of a backscatter signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] FIG4 is a second waveform diagram of a signal provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] FIG5 is a third waveform diagram of a signal provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] FIG6 is a fourth waveform diagram of a signal provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] FIG7A is a fifth waveform diagram of a signal provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] FIG7B is a sixth waveform diagram of a signal provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] FIG8A is a seventh waveform diagram of a signal provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] FIG8B is an eighth waveform diagram of a signal provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] FIG9 is a ninth waveform diagram of a signal provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] FIG10 is a second flow chart of the backscatter signal transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] FIG11 is a flow chart of a method for transmitting a carrier excitation signal according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a backscatter signal transmission device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] FIG13 is a second structural diagram of the backscatter signal transmission device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] FIG14 is a schematic structural diagram of a carrier excitation signal transmitting device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] FIG17 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the network side device according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] The terms "first", "second", etc. in this application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same type, and do not limit the number of objects, for example, the first object can be one or more. In addition, "or" in this application represents at least one of the connected objects. For example, "A or B" covers three options, namely, Option 1: including A but not including B; Option 2: including B but not including A; Option 3: including both A and B. The character " / " generally indicates that the objects associated before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0047] It is worth noting that the technology described in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to the Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) system, but can also be used in other wireless communication systems, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) or other systems. The terms "system" and "network" in the embodiments of the present application are often used interchangeably, and the technology described can be used for the systems and radio technologies mentioned above, as well as for other systems and radio technologies. The following description describes a New Radio (NR) system for illustrative purposes, and NR terminology is used in most of the following description, but these technologies can also be applied to systems other than NR systems, such as 6th generation (6G) systems. th Generation, 6G) communication system.

[0048] FIG1A shows a block diagram of a wireless communication system applicable to an embodiment of the present application. The wireless communication system includes a terminal 11 and a network-side device 12. The terminal 11 can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer (Tablet Personal Computer), a laptop computer (Laptop Computer), a notebook computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld computer, a netbook, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a mobile internet device (MID), an augmented reality (AR), a virtual reality (VR) device, a robot, a wearable device (Wearable Device), an aircraft (flight vehicle), a vehicle user equipment (VUE), a ship-borne device, a pedestrian user equipment (PUE), a smart home (home appliances with wireless communication capabilities, such as refrigerators, televisions, washing machines, or furniture), a game console, a personal computer (PC), a teller machine, or a self-service machine, or other terminal-side devices. Wearable devices include: smart watches, smart bracelets, smart headphones, smart glasses, smart jewelry (smart bracelets, smart bracelets, smart rings, smart necklaces, smart anklets, smart anklets, etc.), smart wristbands, smart clothing, etc. Among them, the vehicle-mounted device can also be called a vehicle-mounted terminal, a vehicle-mounted controller, a vehicle-mounted module, a vehicle-mounted component, a vehicle-mounted chip or a vehicle-mounted unit, etc. It should be noted that the specific type of the terminal 11 is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. The network side device 12 may include an access network device or a core network device, wherein the access network device may also be called a radio access network (Radio Access Network, RAN) device, a radio access network function or a radio access network unit. The access network device may include a base station, a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) or a wireless fidelity (WiFi) node, etc.Among them, the base station can be referred to as Node B (NB), Evolved Node B (eNB), the next generation Node B (gNB), New Radio Node B (NR Node B), access point, Relay Base Station (RBS), Serving Base Station (SBS), Base Transceiver Station (BTS), radio base station, radio transceiver, Basic Service Set (BSS), Extended Service Set (ESS), Home Node B (HNB), Home Evolved Node B (home evolved Node B), Transmission Reception Point (TRP) or other appropriate terms in the field. As long as the same technical effect is achieved, the base station is not limited to specific technical vocabulary. It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, only the base station in the NR system is used as an example for introduction, and the specific type of the base station is not limited.

[0049] The following is an explanation of the terms involved in the embodiments of this application.

[0050] Backscatter Communication (BSC): Backscatter communication refers to the use of radio frequency signals from other devices or the environment to modulate the signal to transmit its own information. Backscatter communication equipment can include the following categories:

[0051] The backscatter communication device in traditional RFID is generally a tag, which is a passive IoT device.

[0052] Semi-passive IoT devices have a certain amplification capability for downlink reception or uplink reflection.

[0053] An active device is a device that can send information to a reader without relying on reflection of the incident signal.

[0054] Environmentally-enabled IoT devices, also known as ambient IoT devices, can draw their energy from the environment, such as ambient RF signals, thermal energy, kinetic energy, and wind energy. Ambient IoT, also known as the ambient power-enabled Internet of Things (Ambient power-enabled IoT), is an IoT service in which IoT devices obtain energy through energy harvesting. IoT devices lack batteries or have limited energy storage capacity (for example, using a capacitor). Energy harvesting can be done from radio waves, light, motion, heat, or other suitable energy sources.

[0055] When a backscatter device transmits information based on the reflection of an incident signal, a simple implementation is that when the tag needs to transmit a '1' bit, it reflects the incident excitation carrier signal. When the tag needs to transmit a '0' bit, it absorbs the incident excitation carrier signal and does not backscatter. Backscatter communication devices control the circuit's reflection coefficient Γ by adjusting their internal impedance, thereby varying the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the incident signal to achieve signal modulation.

[0056] When a backscatter communication device reflects or absorbs an incident signal by switching the internal load impedance and the antenna, different operating frequencies determine the rate of impedance matching or mismatching switching, which manifests itself in different durations of the waveform's ON state in the time domain. As shown in Figure 1B , the excitation source transmits a single-frequency carrier signal. The excitation source can be either inside (i.e., the excitation source is the backscatter signal receiving device) or outside (i.e., the excitation source is a communication device other than the backscatter signal transmitter or receiver). The information bits transmitted by the backscatter device itself are 1 0 1 1 0 1. Assumption 1: Assuming the backscatter device's operating frequency is 80 kHz, then after the backscatter device adjusts the impedance matching or mismatching state, the reflected signal waveform is shown in the third row of the figure above. Assumption 2: Assuming the backscatter device's operating frequency is 40 kHz, then after the backscatter device adjusts the impedance matching or mismatching state, the reflected signal waveform is shown in the fourth row of Figure 1B. By adjusting the impedance matching or mismatching switching rate, different backscatter waveforms can be achieved, and thus different data transmission rates.

[0057] In related technologies, backscatter devices achieve data transmission by adjusting the absorption or reflection of the excitation carrier by switching impedance matching or mismatching. However, the disadvantage of this method is that if the channel has a large selective attenuation for the backscatter operating frequency and the backscatter device operates at this frequency, the transmission reliability will be poor.

[0058] Figure 2A is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 2A, the wireless communication system includes a first device (AIOT device) and a second device, wherein the first device can be a tag device, a terminal, etc., and the second device can be a terminal, a base station, a reader, an IAB, a repeater, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), etc. The second device can send a carrier signal (such as a carrier excitation signal) to the first device, and can also receive a backscattered signal from the first device.

[0059] Figure 2B is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 2B, the wireless communication system includes a first device (AIOT device), a second device and a third device, wherein the first device can be a tag device, a terminal, etc., the second device can be a terminal, a base station, a reader (reader), an IAB, a repeater, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), etc., the second device can receive the backscattered signal of the first device, the third device can be a terminal, a base station, etc., and the third device is responsible for sending a carrier excitation signal to the first device.

[0060] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, only the above-mentioned communication device is introduced as an example, and the specific types of the first device, the second device, and the third device are not limited.

[0061] The backscatter signal transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present application can transmit the backscatter signal to the second device through at least two backscatter frequencies, thereby realizing the transmission of the backscatter signal using multiple backscatter frequencies, and can reduce the impact of frequency selective fading on the transmission of the backscatter signal, thereby reducing the probability of errors in the overall transmission, and thus improving the reliability of signal transmission.

[0062] The signal backscatter transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present application is described in detail below with reference to some embodiments and their application scenarios in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0063] FIG3 is a flow chart of a backscatter signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG3 , the backscatter signal transmission method may include the following steps S201 to S203:

[0064] Step S201: A first device obtains a first transmission parameter, where the first transmission parameter includes at least two backscatter frequencies.

[0065] In some embodiments of the present application, the first device may be a terminal device.

[0066] In some embodiments of the present application, the first device may be a response device.

[0067] Exemplarily, the first device may be a radio frequency tag, a semi-passive IoT device, an Ambient IoT device, or the like.

[0068] It should be noted that radio frequency tags, also known as RFID tags, are electronic tags. Ambient IoT devices, also known as AIoT devices, can be considered as terminals or terminal devices.

[0069] In some embodiments of the present application, the at least two backscatter frequencies may be different, partially different, or partially the same.

[0070] In some embodiments of the present application, the at least two backscatter frequencies are used by the first device to modulate and transmit the backscatter signal.

[0071] In some embodiments of the present application, the at least two backscatter frequencies mentioned above may be operating frequencies of signal transmission of the first device.

[0072] In some embodiments of the present application, the first transmission parameter further includes at least one of the following:

[0073] a first time range, the first time range including a time range in which backscatter transmission may be used;

[0074] The length of the information block, including the information block of the backscatter transmission;

[0075] The length of the sub-blocks of the information block;

[0076] Information encoding method;

[0077] Coding rate;

[0078] Number of repeated transmissions;

[0079] The switching time interval between different backscatter frequencies.

[0080] Exemplarily, the first time range may include one or more time ranges.

[0081] Exemplarily, the length of the information block may be the length of the information block transmitted each time, or the length of a sub-information block in the information block transmitted each time.

[0082] Exemplarily, the length of the sub-block of the information block may be the length of the sub-block when the information block to be transmitted is divided into multiple sub-blocks. For example, if the information block is 8 bits long, the sub-block length may be 4 bits, resulting in two 4-bit sub-blocks after division.

[0083] Exemplarily, the information coding method includes at least one of the following: Bi-Phase Space coding (FM0) coding, any one of Miller-2 coding, Miller-4 coding, Miller-8 coding, convolutional coding, Manchester coding, low-density parity-check code (LDPC) coding, Polar coding, and RM coding.

[0084] Exemplarily, the above encoding rate is the rate at which encoding is performed.

[0085] Exemplarily, the above-mentioned number of repeated transmissions is the number of repeated transmissions of the backscattered signal.

[0086] Exemplarily, the switching time interval between different backscatter frequencies may be a switching time interval for switching from one reverse transmission frequency to another backscatter frequency.

[0087] In some embodiments of the present application, the method for determining the first transmission parameter includes at least one of the following: indication by the second device, determination based on information indicated by the second device, determination based on capabilities of the first device, protocol predefinition, and preconfiguration.

[0088] In some embodiments of the present application, the second device indicates the first transmission parameter, which means that the second device directly indicates the first transmission parameter, that is, the first device explicitly informs the second device of the specific first transmission parameter in the indication, for example, the second device directly indicates two back-reflected frequencies f1 and f2; determining the first transmission parameter based on the information indicated by the second device means that the second device implicitly indicates the first transmission parameter, that is, the second device indicates other information, and the first device determines the first transmission parameter based on the other information indicated by the second device. For example, the second device indicates at least one frequency index, and the first device determines the frequency corresponding to the at least one frequency index as the backscatter frequency, or the second device indicates a frequency point set, and the first device determines at least two backscatter frequencies from the frequency point set.

[0089] In some embodiments of the present application, the second device may be a network-side device or a terminal.

[0090] In some embodiments of the present application, the second device may be a read / write device. For example, the second device may be a terminal, a base station, or a device with read / write functions, such as a reader / writer. The embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0091] In some embodiments of the present application, the above-mentioned reading and writing device can send a carrier excitation signal, and can also send a control command to a third device to control the third device to send a carrier excitation signal.

[0092] In some embodiments of the present application, the third device may be a terminal or a network-side device, and the third device is configured to provide a carrier wave (CW) excitation signal to the first device.

[0093] Exemplarily, the second device may be a device with an internal carrier transmitter, and the third device may be a device with an external carrier transmitter.

[0094] Step S202: The first device transmits a first backscatter signal to the second device according to the first transmission parameter.

[0095] In some embodiments of the present application, a first device may transmit a first backscatter signal to a second device based on at least two backscatter frequencies. For example, the first device dynamically switches the backscatter operating frequency, and the switching operating frequency F and switching time T may be indicated by the second device or agreed upon by protocol.

[0096] In some embodiments of the present application, the first device modulates the signal according to at least two reflected scattering frequencies and the information to be transmitted, and transmits the backscattered signal according to at least two backscattering frequencies. For example, taking the at least two backscattering frequencies including f1, f2, and f3 as an example, the first device uses the modulation frequencies f1, f2, and f3 to backscatter modulate the signal, and backscatters the modulated signal to the second device. For example, taking the bits that the first device ultimately wants to transmit as {1 0 1 1 0 1} as an example, if the first device adjusts the internal impedance of the device and the antenna impedance to match or mismatch the impedance according to the switched modulation frequency f3, the carrier excitation signal is backscattered, absorbed, or reflected, thereby achieving the transmission of the information bit.

[0097] It can be understood that the above-mentioned backscattering frequency can be called a modulation frequency.

[0098] Step S203: The second device receives the first backscattered signal from the first device.

[0099] In some embodiments of the present application, the second device may receive a first backscatter signal from the first device, and demodulate the received first backscatter signal using at least two backscatter frequencies.

[0100] For example, if the carrier frequency of the carrier excitation signal is 900MHz, the first device uses at least two backscatter frequencies, such as f1 and f2, as examples, and the signal frequencies of the backscatter signals are 900MHz+f1, 900MHz-f1, 900MHz+f2, 900MHz-f2. After the second device receives the first backscatter signal, after down-conversion, the modulation frequency of the baseband signal is f1, -f1, f2, -f2. After being transformed into the time domain, it reflects that the ON-OFF duration of the OOK waveform is different. By demodulating the OOK signal, the information carried by the first backscatter signal is obtained.

[0101] In the backscatter signal transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application, a first device obtains first transmission parameters, which include at least two backscatter frequencies. The first device transmits a first backscatter signal to a second device based on the first transmission parameters. This method enables the first device to transmit a backscatter signal to the second device using at least two backscatter frequencies, thereby enabling the use of multiple backscatter frequencies to transmit the backscatter signal. This reduces the impact of frequency selective fading on the transmission of the backscatter signal, thereby reducing the probability of errors in the overall transmission and improving the reliability of signal transmission.

[0102] In some embodiments of the present application, the above step S201 may include the following steps S201a and S201b:

[0103] Step S201a: The first device obtains first information.

[0104] Step S201b: The first device determines a first transmission parameter according to the first information.

[0105] The first information includes at least one of the following:

[0106] First indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate frequency-related parameters of backscatter transmission;

[0107] Second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate transmission mode related parameters of backscatter transmission;

[0108] Downlink signal quality parameter.

[0109] In some embodiments of the present application, the first device may determine at least two backscatter frequencies for backscatter transmission based on frequency-related parameters indicated by the first indication information, or the first device may determine at least two backscatter frequencies for backscatter transmission based on downlink signal quality parameters.

[0110] In some embodiments of the present application, a first device receives indication information from a second device, and the indication information may include at least one of the first indication information and the second indication information. For example, the second device may send indication information to the first device to indicate at least one of a frequency-related parameter of backscatter transmission and a transmission mode-related parameter of backscatter transmission. For example, the indication information may be carried in a downlink control command, and the downlink control command may be downlink control information (DCI).

[0111] In some embodiments of the present application, the frequency-related parameter includes at least one of the following:

[0112] The frequency point set of backscatter transmission;

[0113] the set of frequency offsets of the backscatter transmission;

[0114] Frequency hopping set of frequencies for backscatter transmission;

[0115] The frequency hopping pattern of the backscatter transmission frequency;

[0116] At least two backscatter frequencies of the backscatter transmission.

[0117] Exemplarily, the frequency point set includes at least two frequencies, the frequency offset set includes at least two frequency offsets, and the frequency hopping set or frequency hopping pattern includes at least two frequency hopping frequencies.

[0118] In some embodiments of the present application, when the frequency-related parameter includes a set of frequency points during backscatter transmission, the at least two backscatter frequencies include any one of the following:

[0119] at least two frequency points selected from a set of frequency points;

[0120] The frequency points are determined based on the frequency point set and the frequency offset set.

[0121] Exemplarily, the at least two frequency points selected from the frequency point set may be the same frequency or different frequencies.

[0122] It should be noted that the above-mentioned frequency point set can be called a candidate set, the above-mentioned frequency point can be a frequency or a frequency point, and the above-mentioned frequency can be the operating frequency of the first device transmitting the backscatter signal.

[0123] In some possible implementations, the first device may select at least two frequency points from the frequency point set according to a selection rule, where the selection rule may include at least one of the following:

[0124] Select two frequencies from low frequency to high frequency in the frequency point set;

[0125] Select two frequencies from high frequency to low frequency in the frequency point set;

[0126] Randomly select two frequencies from the frequency point set;

[0127] Selecting two frequencies from the frequency point set, where a frequency difference between the two frequencies is greater than or equal to a first threshold;

[0128] Two frequencies are selected from the frequency point set, and a frequency difference between the two frequencies is less than or equal to a second threshold.

[0129] In some possible implementations, the first device may search for an index from an index set based on a preconfigured or indicated frequency index set by the second device, and determine the frequency corresponding to the found index as the reverse reflection frequency, where each frequency in the frequency point set corresponds to an index. Exemplarily, the selection rule for searching for an index in the index set may include at least one of the following:

[0130] Select two indexes from the index set in ascending order, and determine the frequencies corresponding to the two indexes as backscatter frequencies;

[0131] Select two indexes in the index set in descending order, and determine the frequencies corresponding to the two indexes as backscatter frequencies;

[0132] Randomly select two indexes from the index set, and determine the frequencies corresponding to the two indexes as backscatter frequencies;

[0133] Selecting an index in the index set where the frequency difference between two indicated frequencies is greater than or equal to a first threshold, and determining the frequencies corresponding to the two indexes as backscatter frequencies;

[0134] In the index set, an index having a frequency difference between frequencies indicated by two indices that is less than or equal to a second threshold is selected, and the frequencies corresponding to the two indices are determined as backscatter frequencies.

[0135] Exemplarily, the first device and the second device jointly maintain a known set of candidate frequencies. When the first device receives an index indication sent by the second device, it searches for an index from the index set according to the index indication. The index set includes index1, index1, index2, index3, index4, index5 and index6, where the operating frequency corresponding to index1 is 40KHz, the operating frequency corresponding to index2 is 80KHz, the operating frequency corresponding to index3 is 160KHz, etc., or the operating frequency corresponding to index4 is 40KHz for the first transmission and 80KHz for the second transmission, or the operating frequency corresponding to index5 is 40KHz for the first transmission and 160KHz for the second transmission, or the operating frequency corresponding to index6 is 80KHz for the first transmission and 160KHz for the second transmission. The first device can select the frequency corresponding to index1 and the frequency corresponding to index2 from the index set as the backscatter frequency.

[0136] In some possible implementations, the second device indicates the first backscatter frequency and frequency offset of the backscatter. For example, the second device indicates that the first backscatter frequency of the first device is f1 and the second backscatter frequency is f1+offset, and the first device transmits data according to these two backscatter frequencies.

[0137] In some other possible implementations, the second device indicates a frequency hopping set range for backscattering, for example, by indicating that the backscattering operating frequencies are {f1, f2, f1, f2}, thereby instructing the first device to frequency hop between two frequencies. After the first device receives the instruction from the second device, different information bits are carried on different backscattering operating frequencies, thereby completing backscatter transmission of data. The use of different backscattering operating frequencies can mitigate the effects of channel fading and improve the reliability of information transmission.

[0138] In some embodiments of the present application, the downlink signal quality parameter includes at least one of the following: Reference Signal Receiving Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).

[0139] In some embodiments of the present application, when the downlink signal quality parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the scattering frequency of the first device during backscatter transmission is the first backscattering frequency;

[0140] Alternatively, when the downlink signal quality parameter is less than the first threshold, the scattering frequency of the first device during backscatter transmission is the second backscattering frequency;

[0141] Alternatively, the parameter interval in which the downlink signal quality parameter is located corresponds to a backscattering frequency, and different parameter intervals correspond to different backscattering frequencies.

[0142] In some embodiments of the present application, the first threshold is indicated by the second device, preconfigured, or predefined by a protocol; or, the parameter interval is indicated by the second device, preconfigured, or predefined by a protocol.

[0143] In some embodiments of the present application, when the first device receives a downlink signal sent by the second device, the first device may measure the downlink signal to obtain RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, SNR, etc. Exemplarily, the downlink signal may be a downlink reference signal, such as a downlink synchronization reference signal.

[0144] Exemplarily, the first device compares the received signal power with a reference power threshold value (i.e., a first threshold value). The reference threshold value may be indicated by the second device or may be a default configuration of the first device. When the received signal power is greater than the threshold value, a backscatter transmission frequency with a higher transmission data rate may be used to transmit information bits. Otherwise, a backscatter transmission frequency with a lower transmission data rate may be used to transmit information bits.

[0145] It can be understood that the first device receives the downlink signal sent by the second device and measures the corresponding RSRP, RSRQ, SNR, etc. If the signal parameter quality is high, it indicates that the communication environment quality between the first device and the second device is good or the distance between the first device and the second device is close. Therefore, the first device can transmit at a backscatter frequency with a higher data transmission rate. If the signal parameter quality is poor, it indicates that the communication environment quality between the first device and the second device is poor or the distance between the first device and the second device is far. Therefore, the first device can choose a backscatter frequency with a lower transmission rate for transmission.

[0146] It should be noted that, for different downlink signal quality parameters, the corresponding first thresholds may be different or the same.

[0147] In some embodiments of the present application, the transmission mode-related parameters include at least one of the following: whether backscatter transmission adopts repeated transmission, the number of repeated transmissions of backscatter transmission, the time range of backscatter transmission, the length of the information block of backscatter transmission, and the switching time interval of backscatter transmission switching backscatter frequency.

[0148] In some embodiments of the present application, the above step S201a can be implemented by the following step S201a1.

[0149] Step S201a1: the first device receives at least one of the first indication information and the second indication information from the second device.

[0150] In some embodiments of the present application, the second device may send at least one of the first indication information and the second indication information to the first device.

[0151] It should be noted that the explanation of the first information can be found in the relevant description of the above embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0152] In some embodiments of the present application, when the first transmission parameter includes at least two time ranges, the above step S202 can be implemented by the following step S202a.

[0153] Step S202a: The first device transmits a first backscatter signal to the second device using at least two backscatter frequencies in at least two time ranges.

[0154] Each time range corresponds to a backscattering frequency, and different time ranges correspond to different or the same backscattering frequencies.

[0155] It should be noted that the above time range refers to the length of time.

[0156] Exemplarily, the second device indicates two backscatter operating frequencies f2 and f3, and the above two backscatter operating frequencies can be used to determine the rate at which the first device switches impedance matching and mismatching. The first device can use the operating frequency f2 to perform impedance matching or mismatching switching over a time length of [0, T] to transmit a backscatter signal, and the first device can use the operating frequency f3 to perform impedance matching or mismatching switching over a time length of (T, T1] to transmit a backscatter signal.

[0157] Exemplarily, after the second device or the third device transmits a carrier excitation signal with a frequency of f1, the first device determines the backscattering operating frequencies f2 and f3 according to the indication information of the second device, and determines the duration T of the backscattering operating frequency f2. If f2 < f3, the time-domain waveform of the backscattering signal transmitted by the first device is shown in FIG. 4. In FIG. 4, the frequency of the carrier excitation signal is f1, and the data to be transmitted by the first device is {101101}. In the time range [0, T], the backscattering waveform consists of a low-frequency sine wave and 0 values. In the time range (T, T1], the backscattering waveform consists of a high-frequency sine wave and 0 values.

[0158] Exemplarily, after the second device receives the backscattering signal of the first device, since the time T is known, the received backscattering signal can be divided into two groups, and then data demodulation is performed separately.

[0159] In some embodiments of the present application, when the first transmission parameter includes the length of the split sub-block of the information block, the above step S202 can be implemented by the following step S202b and step S202c.

[0160] Step S202b: The first device divides the second information into multiple information blocks according to the length of the second information and the length of the split sub-block.

[0161] Step S202c: The first device transmits a first backscattering signal to the second device according to the backscattering frequency corresponding to each information block.

[0162] Among them, the first backscattering signal carries multiple information blocks, and different information blocks correspond to the same or different backscattering frequencies.

[0163] Exemplarily, the second device indicates the length of the information block, the length of the split sub-block of the information block, the coding rate, the backscattering operating frequency, etc. transmitted by the first device. According to the indication content of the second device, the first device can implicitly calculate the total backscattering transmission time and the duration at each backscattering operating frequency.

[0164] As shown in Figure 5, the second device instructs the first device that the information block length for backscatter transmission is 6, and indicates the length (i.e., the length of the sub-blocks) and the number of data blocks. For example, the information block is divided into two information blocks, the length of the first information block is 3, and the length of the second information block is 3. The second device also indicates the backscatter operating frequency f1 for the first signal block and the backscatter operating frequency f2 for the second block. Based on the instruction content of the second device, the first device divides the information bits {1 0 1 1 0 1} to be transmitted into two blocks for transmission, and different information blocks use different backscatter operating frequencies. After receiving the backscatter signal from the first device, the second device divides the received data block, demodulating the first data block using the backscatter frequency f1 and the second data block using the backscatter frequency f2.

[0165] In an embodiment of the present application, the first device can divide the information to be transmitted into multiple information blocks according to the length of the sub-blocks, and use at least two different backscatter frequencies to transmit the multiple information blocks, thereby reducing the impact of frequency selective fading of the channel on backscatter transmission and improving the reliability of information transmission.

[0166] In some embodiments of the present application, when the first transmission parameter includes a switching time interval, the above step S202 can be implemented by the following step S202e.

[0167] Step S202e: The first device transmits a first backscatter signal to the second device using at least two backscatter frequencies according to the switching time interval.

[0168] For example, taking the switching time interval Tx1 as an example, the second device indicates the switching time Tx1 to the first device. This switching time can be greater than or equal to the first device's current switching time Tx. In this case, after receiving the indicated switching time Tx1 in the control command, the first device switches Tx to Tx1, thereby retaining a time redundancy of Tx1 between switching between different backscatter operating frequencies. Since the second device knows this switching time Tx1, it can remove the received signal corresponding to this time redundancy information from the corresponding time point in the backscatter signal received from the first device, thereby completing the demodulation of the final complete data.

[0169] In some embodiments of the present application, the first device can change the frequency of impedance switching to achieve different types of backscatter signals.

[0170] For example, as shown in Figure 6, the second or third device transmits a single-frequency sine wave with a frequency of f1. At this time, the first device is scheduled to transmit information bits {1 0 1 1 0 1}, and the backscatter transmission operating frequency f3 is 80 kHz. This frequency can be specified by the second device or the default configuration. The final time domain waveform of the backscatter signal is shown in the third row of Figure 6. If the second device demodulates the backscatter signal transmitted by the first device and the bit error rate is high, it instructs the first device to change the backscatter transmission frequency f3 through a downlink control instruction, for example, to change the operating frequency of f3 to 40 kHz. At this time, the first device is also scheduled to transmit information bits {1 0 1 1 0 1} for the second time. The time domain waveform of the backscatter signal transmitted by the first device is shown in the fourth row of Figure 6. The backscatter transmission operating frequency f3 can be selected from a set of frequency candidates. If deep channel fading occurs near the operating frequency of 80 kHz, modifying the backscatter operating frequency of the first device can reduce the impact of deep channel fading, thereby improving the reliability of information transmission.

[0171] In some embodiments of the present application, the backscatter signal transmission method provided in the embodiments of the present application may include the following steps S204:

[0172] Step S204: The first device performs interleaving encoding on the third information to be transmitted to obtain second information.

[0173] It should be noted that the above step S204 may be performed before the first device divides the second information into multiple information blocks according to the length of the second information and the segmentation bit length.

[0174] Exemplarily, the transmission coding scheme can be combined with interleaving coding. For example, the transmitted information bit (i.e., the third information) is {1 0 1 0 1 0 1}. After information coding and channel coding, the information bits formed are {1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0}. Then, after interleaving coding, the transmitted information bits (i.e., the second information) are {1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0}. The transmitted information bit 0 corresponds to the backscatter frequency A, which is in an impedance matching state at this time and absorbs the excitation carrier signal. The transmitted information bit 1 corresponds to the backscatter frequency B, which is in an impedance matching state at this time and fully reflects the excitation carrier signal, thereby completing the transmission of the information. After the second device receives the backscatter signal of the first device, it performs operations such as data demodulation, deinterleaving, and decoding to complete the final data transmission.

[0175] In the embodiment of the present application, due to the use of interleaved coding, bits that may have consecutive errors are dispersed in different positions, and based on the error correction function of the coding, the reliability of data transmission is improved.

[0176] In some embodiments of the present application, the above step S202 may include the following step S202d:

[0177] Step S202d: The first device repeatedly transmits the first backscatter signal to the second device according to at least two backscatter frequencies.

[0178] One transmission corresponds to one backscatter frequency, at least two backscatter frequencies are obtained through one first indication information, or each backscatter frequency is obtained through one first indication information.

[0179] In some embodiments of the present application, a backscatter frequency may correspond to a repeatedly transmitted information block, at least two backscatter frequencies corresponding to at least two repeatedly transmitted information blocks are obtained through a first indication information, or the backscatter frequency corresponding to each repeatedly transmitted information block is obtained through a first indication information.

[0180] Exemplarily, the coding scheme for information transmission can also be combined with the coding scheme for repeated transmission. For example, the transmitted information bits are {1 0 1 0 1}. If one repeated transmission is performed, the repeatedly transmitted bits are {1 0 1 0 1; 1 0 1 0 1}. During the first transmission, backscatter frequency A is used, and during the second transmission, backscatter frequency B is used.

[0181] For example, the first indication information may indicate frequency-related parameters for a single backscatter transmission, where the frequency-related parameters for multiple backscatter transmissions require multiple corresponding first indication information to indicate; or the first indication information may indicate frequency-related parameters for multiple backscatter transmissions, where the frequency-related parameters for multiple backscatter transmissions require only one first indication information to indicate. In other words, each repeated transmission requires receiving indication information from the second device before the repeated transmission, or the indication information from the second device only needs to be received once, where the indication information includes the backscatter frequencies used for the multiple repeated transmissions.

[0182] In an embodiment of the present application, the first device can repeatedly transmit information. Since the frequencies used in multiple repeated transmissions are different or partially the same, the impact of frequency selective fading of the channel on backscatter transmission is reduced, thereby improving the reliability of information transmission.

[0183] In some embodiments of the present application, the first device may receive a carrier excitation signal from the second device or the third device, and transmit a first backscattered signal to the second device based on the carrier excitation signal according to the first transmission parameter.

[0184] As shown in Figure 7A, the second device or the third device sends a carrier excitation signal with a carrier frequency of f1, and the information bits finally transmitted by the first device are {1 0 1 1 0 1}. After the impedance matching or mismatching switching of the first device, the final backscattered signal waveform is shown in the last row of Figure 7A.

[0185] Combined with Figure 7A above, after converting the above time domain waveform into the frequency domain as shown in Figure 7B, the carrier excitation signal frequency sent by the second device is f1, the impedance switching frequency of the first device is f3, and the frequency center point of the backscattered signal finally transmitted by the first device is f1+f3.

[0186] In some embodiments, the second device switches the carrier frequency of the carrier excitation signal, or the second device instructs the third device to switch the carrier frequency of the carrier excitation signal. The switching can be controlled by the network side, or it can be determined based on the performance of the second device in demodulating the backscattered signal of the first device. For example, when the performance of the second device in demodulating the backscattered signal of the first device is poor, the second device switches the carrier frequency of the CW signal or instructs the third device to switch the carrier frequency of the CW signal. The carrier frequency can be a candidate set {f1, f2, ..., fN}. When instructed by the network side, it can indicate a specific value of the carrier frequency or an index of the carrier frequency.

[0187] As shown in Figure 8A, when the first device receives a carrier excitation signal with a carrier frequency of f2 sent by the second device or the third device, it absorbs or reflects the carrier excitation signal by switching the impedance matching or mismatching. Different bits correspond to different impedance switching states. For example, bit '1' corresponds to the impedance mismatching state, reflecting the carrier signal, and bit '0' corresponds to the impedance matching state, absorbing the carrier.

[0188] In conjunction with Figure 8A above, the above time domain waveform is converted to the frequency domain as shown in Figure 8B. When the carrier signal frequency sent by the second or third device is f2, if the backscatter switching frequency of the first device is f3, the frequency of the resulting backscatter signal is near f2+f3. If the channel attenuates more severely near f1+f3 and less attenuated near f2+f3, switching the CW carrier frequency by the second or third device can improve the quality of the backscatter signal, thereby improving the accuracy of the backscatter signal demodulation at the receiving end, that is, improving the reliability of signal transmission.

[0189] In some embodiments of the present application, the backscatter signal transmission method may include the following steps S205:

[0190] Step S205: The first device reports fourth information to the second device.

[0191] The fourth information is a switching time interval for switching the backscatter frequency when the first device transmits a backscatter signal.

[0192] In some embodiments of the present application, the second device may receive fourth information from the first device.

[0193] In some embodiments of the present application, the first device may report the fourth information to the second device through backscatter communication.

[0194] In some embodiments of the present application, the switching time interval for switching the backscatter frequency may be a switching time interval for switching from one backscatter frequency to another backscatter frequency when the first device uses multiple backscatter frequencies to transmit backscatter signals. Exemplarily, the switching time interval may include one or more time intervals, with one time interval corresponding to one frequency switch.

[0195] It should be noted that, due to the hardware characteristics of the first device, there is a time interval Tx between switching of different backscatter switching frequencies, and the value of the interval is related to the specific hardware characteristics.

[0196] As shown in Figure 9, due to the hardware characteristics of the first device, when the frequency switching occurs between the third bit and the fourth bit, the frequency switching is not completed immediately, but there is a frequency switching time Tx. The second device or the third device also continues to provide the carrier signal during the switching time interval Tx. After the switching time, the first device uses the second operating frequency point to perform impedance matching and mismatching switching of reflection scattering. Tx can be reported by the first device to the second device. At this time, after the second device receives the time Tx reported by the first device, when it subsequently receives the backscattered signal, it can remove the signal received at the device switching time from the overall signal, thereby completing the subsequent demodulation of the complete data.

[0197] FIG10 is a flow chart of a backscatter signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG10 , the backscatter signal transmission method may include the following steps S301:

[0198] Step S301: The second device receives a first backscattered signal from the first device.

[0199] The first backscatter signal is a backscatter signal transmitted according to first transmission parameters, and the first transmission parameters include at least two backscatter frequencies.

[0200] For example, the first device may transmit a first backscatter signal to the second device.

[0201] In some embodiments of the present application, the backscatter signal transmission method may include the following steps S302 and S303:

[0202] Step S302: The second device obtains a second transmission parameter.

[0203] Step S303: The second device sends a first carrier excitation signal to the first device according to the second transmission parameter.

[0204] The second transmission parameter includes at least one first carrier frequency, and the first carrier excitation signal is used for the first device to transmit the backscattered signal.

[0205] Exemplarily, the above step S302 may be performed before the above step S301.

[0206] In some embodiments of the present application, the second transmission parameter is determined by at least one of the following: indication by a network-side device, determination based on the capability of the second device, protocol pre-definition, and pre-configuration.

[0207] It should be noted that, when the second device is in inside mode, the second device can obtain transmission parameters and send a carrier excitation signal to the first device according to the transmission parameters.

[0208] In some embodiments of the present application, the second transmission parameter further includes at least two time ranges; the above step S303 can be implemented by the following step S303a.

[0209] Step S303a: The second device sends a first carrier excitation signal to the first device using at least two first carrier frequencies in at least two time ranges.

[0210] Each time range corresponds to a first carrier frequency, and different time ranges correspond to different or the same first carrier frequencies.

[0211] For example, when the at least two first carrier frequencies include f4 and f5, the second device may use f4 and f5 to send a carrier excitation signal to the first device. For example, the second device may use f4 to send a carrier excitation signal within a time range of 0-T1, and use f5 to send a carrier excitation signal within a time range of T1-T2.

[0212] In some embodiments of the present application, the second device can switch the carrier frequency of the carrier excitation signal. The switching can be controlled by the network side or determined based on the performance of the second device in demodulating the backscattered signal of the first device.

[0213] For example, when the second device has poor performance in demodulating the backscattered signal of the first device, the second device switches the carrier frequency of the carrier signal or instructs the third device to switch the carrier frequency of the carrier excitation signal. The carrier frequency may be a candidate set {f1, f2, ..., fN}. When indicated by the network side, the specific value of the carrier frequency may be indicated, or the index of the carrier frequency may be indicated.

[0214] It should be noted that the second device is an inside carrier wave emitter device, that is, the second device has a built-in carrier wave emitter, which can transmit a carrier excitation signal and receive a backscattered signal.

[0215] In some embodiments of the present application, the backscatter signal transmission method may include the following steps S304:

[0216] Step S304: the second device sends third indication information to the third device.

[0217] The third indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: sending a second carrier excitation signal to the first device, sending frequency-related parameters of the second carrier excitation signal, and switching the carrier signal frequency.

[0218] Exemplarily, the above step S304 may be performed before the above step S301 , that is, before the second device receives the first backscattered signal.

[0219] Exemplarily, the third indication information may be carried via downlink control signaling.

[0220] Exemplarily, the second device may send indication information to the third device to instruct the third device to send a carrier excitation signal to the first device, or instruct the third device to send a carrier frequency of the carrier excitation signal, or instruct the third device to perform carrier frequency switching.

[0221] It should be noted that, when the second device is in outside mode, the second device can instruct the third device to send a carrier excitation signal to the first device, and can receive a backscattered signal from the first device.

[0222] In some embodiments of the present application, the frequency-related parameters of the second carrier excitation signal sent by the second device may include at least one of the following: the frequency point of the second carrier excitation signal, the frequency point set of the second carrier excitation signal, the frequency offset set of the second carrier excitation signal, the frequency hopping set of the frequency point of the second carrier excitation signal, and the frequency hopping pattern of the frequency point of the second carrier excitation signal.

[0223] It can be understood that the above-mentioned frequency points, frequency point sets, frequency offset sets, frequency hopping sets or frequency hopping patterns are frequency-related parameters for sending the second carrier excitation signal, which are used to determine the frequency of sending the second carrier excitation signal.

[0224] Exemplarily, the second device may determine the carrier frequency for sending the carrier excitation signal to the first device based on frequency-related parameters for sending the second carrier excitation signal.

[0225] It should be noted that the manner of determining the carrier frequency according to the frequency-related parameters can refer to the relevant description of the manner of determining the backscatter frequency according to the frequency-related parameters in the above embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0226] In an embodiment of the present application, the second device can instruct the third device to send a carrier excitation signal to the first device, and can indicate the carrier frequency of the carrier excitation signal. The third device can send the carrier excitation signal to the first device according to the instruction of the second device, thereby being able to send the carrier excitation signal efficiently and accurately.

[0227] In some embodiments of the present application, the backscatter signal transmission method may include the following steps S305:

[0228] Step S305: The second device sends the first information to the first device.

[0229] The first information includes at least one of the following:

[0230] First indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate frequency-related parameters of backscatter transmission;

[0231] The second indication information is used to indicate transmission mode related parameters of backscatter transmission.

[0232] It should be noted that the explanation of the first information can be found in the relevant description of the above embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0233] In some embodiments of the present application, the frequency-related parameters of the backscatter transmission include at least one of the following: a set of frequency points of the backscatter transmission, a set of frequency offsets of the backscatter transmission, a frequency hopping set of the frequency points of the backscatter transmission, a frequency hopping pattern of the frequency points of the backscatter transmission, and at least two backscatter frequencies of the backscatter transmission.

[0234] In some embodiments of the present application, the transmission mode-related parameters of the backscatter transmission include at least one of the following: whether the backscatter transmission adopts repeated transmission, the number of repeated transmissions of the backscatter transmission, the information encoding method of the backscatter transmission, the time range of the backscatter transmission, the length of the information block of the backscatter transmission, and the switching time interval for the backscatter transmission to switch the backscatter frequency.

[0235] In some embodiments of the present application, the backscatter signal transmission method may include the following steps S306:

[0236] Step S306: The second device receives the fourth information from the first device.

[0237] The fourth information is a switching time interval for switching the backscatter frequency when the first device transmits a backscatter signal.

[0238] Exemplarily, the first device may send fourth information to the second device.

[0239] It should be noted that the explanation of this embodiment can be found in the relevant description of the above embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0240] In an embodiment of the present application, the second device can use at least two carrier frequencies to send a carrier excitation signal to the first device, or the second device can instruct the third device to use at least two frequencies to send a carrier excitation signal to the first device. Since the carrier excitation signal can be sent at different frequency points within different time ranges and the frequency of sending the carrier signal can be switched, the impact of channel deep attenuation can be reduced and the reliability of transmission can be improved.

[0241] FIG11 is a flow chart of a method for transmitting a carrier excitation signal according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG11 , the method for transmitting a carrier excitation signal may include the following steps S401 and S402:

[0242] Step S401: The third device obtains a third transmission parameter.

[0243] The third transmission parameter includes at least two second carrier frequencies, and the second carrier excitation signal is used for the first device to transmit the backscattered signal.

[0244] In some embodiments of the present application, a method for determining the third transmission parameter includes at least one of the following:

[0245] Indicated by the second device, determined according to information indicated by the second device, determined according to capabilities of the third device, predefined by the protocol, preconfigured.

[0246] Step S402: The third device sends a second carrier excitation signal to the first device according to the third transmission parameter.

[0247] In some embodiments of the present application, the first device may receive a second carrier excitation signal from a third device.

[0248] In some embodiments of the present application, the above step S401 may include the following steps S401a and S401b:

[0249] Step S401a: The third device receives third indication information from the second device.

[0250] Step S401b: The third device determines a third transmission parameter according to the third indication information.

[0251] The third indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: sending a second carrier excitation signal to the first device, and sending frequency-related parameters of the second carrier excitation signal.

[0252] In some embodiments of the present application, the second device may send third indication information to the third device.

[0253] In some embodiments of the present application, the frequency-related parameter for sending the second carrier excitation signal includes at least one of the following:

[0254] The frequency point of the second carrier excitation signal, the frequency point set of the second carrier excitation signal, the frequency offset set of the second carrier excitation signal, the frequency hopping set of the frequency point of the second carrier excitation signal, and the frequency hopping pattern of the frequency point of the second carrier excitation signal.

[0255] In some embodiments of the present application, when the frequency-related parameter includes a set of frequency points for transmitting the second carrier signal, the at least two second carrier frequencies include any one of the following:

[0256] at least two frequency points selected from a set of frequency points;

[0257] The frequency points are determined based on the frequency point set and the frequency offset set.

[0258] In some embodiments of the present application, the third transmission parameter further includes at least two time ranges; the above step S402 can be implemented by the following step S402a.

[0259] Step S402a: The third device sends a second carrier excitation signal to the first device using at least two second carrier frequencies in at least two time ranges.

[0260] Each time range corresponds to a second carrier frequency, and different time ranges correspond to different or the same carrier frequencies.

[0261] It should be noted that the explanation of this embodiment can be found in the relevant description of the above embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0262] In an embodiment of the present application, the third device can use at least two carrier frequencies indicated by the second device or determined by its own capabilities to send a carrier excitation signal to the first device. Since the carrier excitation signal can be sent at different frequency points within different time ranges and the frequency of sending the carrier signal can be switched, the impact of channel deep attenuation can be reduced and the reliability of transmission can be improved.

[0263] The backscatter signal transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be executed by a backscatter signal transmission device. In the embodiment of the present application, the backscatter signal transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application is described by taking the backscatter signal transmission method performed by the backscatter signal transmission device as an example.

[0264] Figure 12 is a structural schematic diagram of the backscatter signal transmission device provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 12, the backscatter signal transmission device 600 includes: an acquisition module 601 and an execution module 602, wherein: the acquisition module 601 is used to obtain a first transmission parameter, and the first transmission parameter includes at least two backscatter frequencies; the execution module is used to transmit the first backscatter signal to the second device according to the first transmission parameter obtained by the acquisition module 601.

[0265] In some embodiments of the present application, the first transmission parameter further includes at least one of the following:

[0266] a first time range, the first time range including a time range in which backscatter transmission may be used;

[0267] The length of the information block, including the information block of the backscatter transmission;

[0268] The length of the sub-blocks of the information block;

[0269] Information encoding method;

[0270] Coding rate;

[0271] Number of repeated transmissions;

[0272] The switching time interval between different backscatter frequencies.

[0273] In some embodiments of the present application, a method for determining the first transmission parameter includes at least one of the following:

[0274] Indication from the second device; determined based on information indicated by the second device; determined based on capabilities of the first device;

[0275] The protocol is predefined;

[0276] Preconfigured.

[0277] In some embodiments of the present application, the acquisition module is specifically configured to acquire first information and determine a first transmission parameter based on the first information; wherein the first information includes at least one of the following:

[0278] First indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate frequency-related parameters of backscatter transmission;

[0279] Second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate transmission mode related parameters of backscatter transmission;

[0280] Downlink signal quality parameter.

[0281] In some embodiments of the present application, the acquisition module is specifically configured to receive at least one of the first indication information and the second indication information from the second device.

[0282] In some embodiments of the present application, the frequency-related parameters include at least one of the following: a set of frequency points for backscatter transmission; a set of frequency offsets for backscatter transmission; a frequency hopping set of frequency points for backscatter transmission; a frequency hopping pattern of frequency points for backscatter transmission; and at least two backscatter frequencies for backscatter transmission.

[0283] In some embodiments of the present application, the transmission mode related parameters include at least one of the following: whether backscatter transmission adopts repeated transmission; the number of repeated transmissions of backscatter transmission; the information encoding method of backscatter transmission; the time range of backscatter transmission; the length of the information block of backscatter transmission; and the switching time interval for switching the backscatter frequency of backscatter transmission.

[0284] In some embodiments of the present application, the downlink signal quality parameter includes at least one of the following: reference signal received power RSRP, reference signal received quality RSRQ, signal to interference plus noise ratio SINR, and signal to noise ratio SNR.

[0285] In some embodiments of the present application, when the frequency-related parameter includes a set of frequency points during backscatter transmission, the at least two backscatter frequencies include any one of the following:

[0286] at least two frequency points selected from a set of frequency points;

[0287] The frequency points are determined based on the frequency point set and the frequency offset set.

[0288] In some embodiments of the present application, when the downlink signal quality parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the scattering frequency of the first device during backscatter transmission is the first backscattering frequency;

[0289] Alternatively, when the downlink signal quality parameter is less than the first threshold, the scattering frequency of the first device during backscatter transmission is the second backscattering frequency;

[0290] Alternatively, the parameter interval in which the downlink signal quality parameter is located corresponds to a backscattering frequency, and different parameter intervals correspond to different backscattering frequencies.

[0291] In some embodiments of the present application, the first threshold is indicated by the second device, preconfigured, or predefined by a protocol; or, the parameter interval is indicated by the second device, preconfigured, or predefined by a protocol.

[0292] In some embodiments of the present application, when the first transmission parameter includes at least two time ranges, the execution module is specifically used to transmit the first backscatter signal to the second device in at least two time ranges using at least two backscatter frequencies; wherein each time range corresponds to a backscatter frequency, and different time ranges correspond to different or the same backscatter frequencies.

[0293] In some embodiments of the present application, when the first transmission parameter includes the length of the sub-block of the information block, the execution module is specifically used to: divide the second information into multiple information blocks according to the length of the second information and the sub-block length; transmit the first backscatter signal to the second device according to the backscatter frequency corresponding to each information block; wherein the first backscatter signal carries multiple information blocks, and different information blocks correspond to the same or different backscatter frequencies.

[0294] In some embodiments of the present application, the execution module is further configured to perform interleaving encoding on the third information to be transmitted to obtain the second information before dividing the second information into multiple information blocks according to the length of the second information and the split bit length.

[0295] In some embodiments of the present application, the execution module is specifically used to repeatedly transmit the first backscatter signal to the second device at at least two backscatter frequencies; wherein, one transmission corresponds to one backscatter frequency, at least two backscatter frequencies are obtained through one first indication information, or each backscatter frequency is obtained through one first indication information.

[0296] In some embodiments of the present application, the information encoding method includes at least one of the following: bi-phase space code FM0 coding; any one of Miller-2 coding, Miller-4 coding, and Miller-8 coding; convolutional coding; Manchester coding; low-density parity check code LDPC coding; Polar coding; RM coding.

[0297] In some embodiments of the present application, the execution module is further configured to report fourth information to the second device, where the fourth information is a switching time interval for switching the backscatter frequency when the first device transmits a backscatter signal.

[0298] The backscatter signal transmission device provided in an embodiment of the present application obtains a first transmission parameter, which includes at least two backscatter frequencies, and transmits a first backscatter signal to a second device based on the first transmission parameter. Through this method, the backscatter signal transmission device can transmit the backscatter signal to the second device using at least two backscatter frequencies, thereby achieving the use of multiple backscatter frequencies to transmit the backscatter signal. This can reduce the impact of frequency selective fading on the transmission of the backscatter signal, thereby reducing the probability of errors in the overall transmission and improving the reliability of signal transmission.

[0299] Figure 13 is another structural schematic diagram of the backscatter signal transmission device provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 13, the backscatter signal transmission device 700 includes: a receiving module 701, used to receive a first backscatter signal from a first device, wherein the first backscatter signal is a backscatter signal transmitted according to a first transmission parameter, and the first transmission parameter includes at least two backscatter frequencies.

[0300] In some embodiments of the present application, the apparatus further includes: an acquisition module, which is further used to acquire a second transmission parameter before receiving the first backscatter signal; and a sending module, which is further used to send a first carrier excitation signal to the first device based on the second transmission parameter; wherein the second transmission parameter includes at least one first carrier frequency, and the first carrier excitation signal is used for the first device to transmit the backscatter signal.

[0301] In some embodiments of the present application, a method for determining the second transmission parameter includes at least one of the following:

[0302] Network side device indication;

[0303] Determined according to the capabilities of the second device.

[0304] The protocol is predefined;

[0305] Preconfigured.

[0306] In some embodiments of the present application, the second transmission parameter also includes at least two time ranges; the sending module is specifically used to send a first carrier excitation signal to the first device in at least two time ranges using at least two first carrier frequencies; wherein each time range corresponds to a first carrier frequency, and different time ranges correspond to different or the same first carrier frequencies.

[0307] In some embodiments of the present application, the sending module is further used to send third indication information to the third device before receiving the first backscatter signal, and the third indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: sending a second carrier excitation signal to the first device, and sending frequency-related parameters of the second carrier excitation signal.

[0308] In some embodiments of the present application, the frequency-related parameter of the second carrier excitation signal includes at least one of the following:

[0309] The frequency point of the second carrier excitation signal;

[0310] A frequency point set of a second carrier excitation signal;

[0311] a frequency offset set of a second carrier excitation signal;

[0312] A frequency hopping set of frequencies of the second carrier excitation signal;

[0313] The frequency hopping pattern of the frequency of the second carrier excitation signal.

[0314] In some embodiments of the present application, the sending module is further configured to send the first information to the first device;

[0315] The first information includes at least one of the following:

[0316] First indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate frequency-related parameters of backscatter transmission;

[0317] The second indication information is used to indicate transmission mode related parameters of backscatter transmission.

[0318] In some embodiments of the present application, the frequency-related parameter includes at least one of the following:

[0319] The frequency point set of backscatter transmission;

[0320] the set of frequency offsets of the backscatter transmission;

[0321] Frequency hopping set of frequencies for backscatter transmission;

[0322] The frequency hopping pattern of the backscatter transmission frequency;

[0323] At least two backscatter frequencies of the backscatter transmission.

[0324] In some embodiments of the present application, the transmission mode related parameters include at least one of the following:

[0325] Whether backscatter transmission adopts repeated transmission;

[0326] The number of repetitions of the backscatter transmission;

[0327] Information encoding method for backscatter transmission;

[0328] the time scale of the backscatter transmission;

[0329] The length of the information block transmitted by backscatter;

[0330] Backscatter transmission: The switching interval for switching the backscatter frequency.

[0331] In some embodiments of the present application, the receiving module is further configured to receive fourth information from the first device, where the fourth information is a switching time interval for switching the backscatter frequency when the first device transmits a backscatter signal.

[0332] In the backscatter signal transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application, the second device can receive the backscatter signal from the first device, and the second device can use at least two carrier frequencies to send a carrier excitation signal to the first device, or the second device can instruct the third device to use at least two frequencies to send a carrier excitation signal to the first device. Since the carrier excitation signal can be sent at different frequency points within different time ranges and the frequency of sending the carrier signal can be switched, the impact of channel deep attenuation can be reduced and the reliability of transmission can be improved.

[0333] The carrier excitation signal sending method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be executed by a carrier excitation signal sending device. In the embodiment of the present application, the carrier excitation signal sending device executing the carrier excitation signal sending method is used as an example to illustrate the carrier excitation signal sending device provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0334] Figure 14 is a structural diagram of the carrier excitation signal sending device provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 14, the carrier excitation signal sending device 800 may include: an acquisition module 801 and a sending module 802, wherein: the acquisition module 801 is used to obtain a third transmission parameter; the sending module 802 is used to send a second carrier excitation signal to the first device according to the third transmission parameter obtained by the acquisition module 801; wherein the third transmission parameter includes at least two second carrier frequencies, and the second carrier excitation signal is used for the first device to transmit a backscattered signal.

[0335] In some embodiments of the present application, a method for determining the third transmission parameter includes at least one of the following:

[0336] Second device indication;

[0337] determining according to information indicated by the second device;

[0338] Determined according to the capabilities of the third device.

[0339] The protocol is predefined;

[0340] Preconfigured.

[0341] In some embodiments of the present application, the acquisition module is specifically used to receive third indication information from the second device; determine the third transmission parameter based on the third indication information; wherein the third indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: sending a second carrier excitation signal to the first device, and sending frequency-related parameters of the second carrier excitation signal.

[0342] In some embodiments of the present application, the frequency-related parameter of the second carrier excitation signal includes at least one of the following:

[0343] The frequency point of the second carrier excitation signal;

[0344] A frequency point set of a second carrier excitation signal;

[0345] a frequency offset set of a second carrier excitation signal;

[0346] A frequency hopping set of frequencies of the second carrier excitation signal;

[0347] The frequency hopping pattern of the frequency of the second carrier excitation signal.

[0348] In some embodiments of the present application, when the frequency-related parameter includes a frequency point set, the at least two second carrier frequencies include any one of the following:

[0349] at least two frequency points selected from a set of frequency points;

[0350] The frequency points are determined based on the frequency point set and the frequency offset set.

[0351] In some embodiments of the present application, the third transmission parameter also includes at least two time ranges; the sending module is specifically used to send a second carrier excitation signal to the first device in at least two time ranges using at least two second carrier frequencies; wherein each time range corresponds to a second carrier frequency, and different time ranges correspond to different or the same carrier frequencies.

[0352] The carrier excitation signal sending device provided in the embodiment of the present application can obtain at least two carrier frequencies and use at least two carrier frequencies to send a carrier excitation signal to the first device, thereby reducing the impact of channel deep attenuation and improving transmission reliability.

[0353] The backscatter signal transmission device or carrier excitation signal transmission device in the embodiments of the present application can be an electronic device, such as an electronic device with an operating system, or a component in an electronic device, such as an integrated circuit or chip. The electronic device can be a terminal or other device other than a terminal. For example, the terminal can include but is not limited to the types of terminal 11 listed above, and the other device can be a server, a network attached storage (NAS), etc., which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0354] [Corrected 14.03.2025 according to Rule 91] The backscatter signal transmission device or carrier excitation signal sending device provided in the embodiments of the present application can implement the various processes implemented in the method embodiments of Figures 1A to 11 and achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, they will not be repeated here.

[0355] As shown in Figure 15, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device 900, including a processor 901 and a memory 902. The memory 902 stores a program or instruction that can be run on the processor 901. For example, when the communication device 900 is a terminal, the program or instruction is executed by the processor 901 to implement the various steps of the above-mentioned backscatter signal transmission method or carrier excitation signal sending method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. When the communication device 900 is a network-side device, the program or instruction is executed by the processor 901 to implement the various steps of the above-mentioned carrier excitation signal sending method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0356] [Corrected 14.03.2025 according to Rule 91] The present application also provides a terminal, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is configured to execute a program or instruction to implement the steps of the method embodiment shown in Figures 1A to 11. This terminal embodiment corresponds to the above-mentioned terminal-side method embodiment, and each implementation process and implementation method of the above-mentioned method embodiment can be applied to this terminal embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect. Specifically, Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a terminal implementing an embodiment of the present application.

[0357] The terminal 100 includes but is not limited to: a radio frequency unit 101, a network module 102, an audio output unit 103, an input unit 104, a sensor 105, a display unit 106, a user input unit 107, an interface unit 108, a memory 109 and at least some of the components of the processor 110.

[0358] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the terminal 100 may also include a power supply (such as a battery) to power various components. The power supply may be logically connected to the processor 110 via a power management system, thereby enabling the power management system to manage charging, discharging, and power consumption. The terminal structure shown in FIG16 does not limit the terminal. The terminal may include more or fewer components than shown, or may combine certain components, or have different component arrangements, which will not be described in detail here.

[0359] It should be understood that in an embodiment of the present application, the input unit 104 may include a graphics processing unit (GPU) 1041 and a microphone 1042, and the graphics processor 1041 processes the image data of a static picture or video obtained by an image capture device (such as a camera) in a video capture mode or an image capture mode. The display unit 106 may include a display panel 1061, and the display panel 1061 may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display, an organic light emitting diode, etc. The user input unit 107 includes a touch panel 1071 and at least one of other input devices 1072. The touch panel 1071 is also called a touch screen. The touch panel 1071 may include two parts: a touch detection device and a touch controller. Other input devices 1072 may include, but are not limited to, a physical keyboard, function keys (such as volume control keys, switch keys, etc.), a trackball, a mouse, and a joystick, which will not be repeated here.

[0360] In the embodiment of the present application, after receiving downlink data from a network-side device or receiving data from a terminal, the RF unit 101 may transmit the data to the processor 110 for processing. Furthermore, the RF unit 101 may send uplink data to the network-side device. Typically, the RF unit 101 includes, but is not limited to, an antenna, an amplifier, a transceiver, a coupler, a low-noise amplifier, a duplexer, and the like.

[0361] The memory 109 can be used to store software programs or instructions and various data. The memory 109 may mainly include a first storage area for storing programs or instructions and a second storage area for storing data, wherein the first storage area may store an operating system, applications or instructions required for at least one function (such as a sound playback function, an image playback function, etc.). In addition, the memory 109 may include a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM), a static random access memory (SRAM), a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), a double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDRSDRAM), an enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), a synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and a direct memory bus random access memory (DRRAM). The memory 109 in the embodiment of the present application includes but is not limited to these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0362] Processor 110 may include one or more processing units. Optionally, processor 110 integrates an application processor and a modem processor. The application processor primarily handles operations related to the operating system, user interface, and application programs, while the modem processor primarily processes wireless communication signals, such as a baseband processor. It is understood that the modem processor may not be integrated into processor 110.

[0363] The processor 110 is configured to obtain a first transmission parameter, where the first transmission parameter includes at least two backscatter frequencies. The processor 110 is further configured to transmit a first backscatter signal to the second device based on the obtained first transmission parameter.

[0364] In some embodiments of the present application, the first transmission parameter further includes at least one of the following:

[0365] a first time range, the first time range comprising a time range in which backscatter transmission may be used;

[0366] the length of an information block, the information block comprising an information block for backscatter transmission;

[0367] The length of the sub-blocks of the information block;

[0368] Information encoding method;

[0369] Coding rate;

[0370] Number of repeated transmissions;

[0371] The switching time interval between different backscatter frequencies.

[0372] In some embodiments of the present application, the first transmission parameter is determined in a manner including at least one of the following:

[0373] Indication from a second device; determined based on information indicated by the second device; determined based on capabilities of the first device;

[0374] The protocol is predefined;

[0375] Preconfigured.

[0376] In some embodiments of the present application, the processor 110 is specifically configured to obtain first information and determine the first transmission parameter based on the first information; wherein the first information includes at least one of the following:

[0377] first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate a frequency-related parameter of backscatter transmission;

[0378] Second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate transmission mode related parameters of backscatter transmission;

[0379] Downlink signal quality parameter.

[0380] In some embodiments of the present application, the processor 110 is specifically configured to receive at least one of first indication information and second indication information from the second device.

[0381] In some embodiments of the present application, the frequency-related parameters include at least one of the following: a set of frequency points for backscatter transmission; a set of frequency offsets for backscatter transmission; a frequency hopping set of frequency points for backscatter transmission; a frequency hopping pattern of frequency points for backscatter transmission; and at least two backscatter frequencies for backscatter transmission.

[0382] In some embodiments of the present application, the transmission mode related parameters include at least one of the following: whether backscatter transmission adopts repeated transmission; the number of repeated transmissions of backscatter transmission; the information encoding method of backscatter transmission; the time range of backscatter transmission; the length of the information block of backscatter transmission; and the switching time interval for switching the backscatter frequency of backscatter transmission.

[0383] In some embodiments of the present application, the downlink signal quality parameter includes at least one of the following: reference signal received power RSRP, reference signal received quality RSRQ, signal to interference plus noise ratio SINR, and signal to noise ratio SNR.

[0384] In some embodiments of the present application, when the frequency-related parameter includes a set of frequency points during backscatter transmission, the at least two backscatter frequencies include any one of the following:

[0385] at least two frequency points selected from the set of frequency points;

[0386] The frequency points are determined according to the frequency point set and the frequency offset set.

[0387] In some embodiments of the present application, when the downlink signal quality parameter is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the scattering frequency of the first device during backscatter transmission is a first backscattering frequency;

[0388] Alternatively, when the downlink signal quality parameter is less than the first threshold, the scattering frequency of the first device during backscatter transmission is a second backscattering frequency;

[0389] Alternatively, the parameter interval in which the downlink signal quality parameter is located corresponds to a backscattering frequency, and different parameter intervals correspond to different backscattering frequencies.

[0390] In some embodiments of the present application, the first threshold is indicated by the second device, preconfigured, or predefined by a protocol; or, the parameter interval is indicated by the second device, preconfigured, or predefined by a protocol.

[0391] In some embodiments of the present application, when the first transmission parameter includes at least two time ranges, the processor 110 is specifically used to transmit a first backscatter signal to the second device using the at least two backscatter frequencies in the at least two time ranges; wherein each time range corresponds to a backscatter frequency, and different time ranges correspond to different or the same backscatter frequencies.

[0392] In some embodiments of the present application, when the first transmission parameter includes the length of the sub-block of the information block, the processor 110 is specifically used to: divide the second information into multiple information blocks according to the length of the second information and the sub-block length; transmit a first backscatter signal to the second device according to the backscatter frequency corresponding to each of the information blocks; wherein the first backscatter signal carries the multiple information blocks, and different information blocks correspond to the same or different backscatter frequencies.

[0393] In some embodiments of the present application, the processor 110 is further configured to perform interleaving encoding on the third information to be transmitted to obtain the second information before dividing the second information into multiple information blocks according to the length of the second information and the split bit length.

[0394] In some embodiments of the present application, the processor 110 is specifically used to repeatedly transmit the first backscatter signal to the second device at the at least two backscatter frequencies; wherein, one transmission corresponds to one backscatter frequency, and the at least two backscatter frequencies are obtained through a first indication information, or each backscatter frequency is obtained through a first indication information.

[0395] In some embodiments of the present application, the information encoding method includes at least one of the following: dual-phase space code FM0 coding; any one of Miller-2 coding, Miller-4 coding, and Miller-8 coding; convolutional coding; Manchester coding; low-density parity check code LDPC coding; Polar coding; RM coding.

[0396] In some embodiments of the present application, the processor 110 is further configured to report fourth information to the second device, where the fourth information is a switching time interval for switching a backscatter frequency when the first device transmits a backscatter signal.

[0397] In an embodiment of the present application, a terminal is provided that obtains a first transmission parameter, which includes at least two backscatter frequencies, and transmits a first backscatter signal to a second device based on the first transmission parameter. This method enables the terminal to transmit a backscatter signal to the second device using at least two backscatter frequencies, thereby enabling the use of multiple backscatter frequencies to transmit the backscatter signal. This reduces the impact of frequency selective fading on the transmission of the backscatter signal, thereby reducing the probability of errors in the overall transmission and improving the reliability of signal transmission.

[0398] It can be understood that the implementation process of each implementation method mentioned in this embodiment can refer to the relevant description of the method embodiment and achieve the same or corresponding technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be described here.

[0399] [Corrected 14.03.2025 according to Rule 91] The present application also provides a network-side device, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is configured to execute a program or instruction to implement the steps of the method embodiment shown in Figures 1A to 11. This network-side device embodiment corresponds to the aforementioned network-side device method embodiment, and each implementation process and implementation method of the aforementioned method embodiment are applicable to this network-side device embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects.

[0400] Specifically, embodiments of the present application also provide a network-side device. As shown in Figure 17, the network-side device 900 includes: an antenna 21, a radio frequency device 22, a baseband device 23, a processor 24, and a memory 25. The antenna 22 is connected to the radio frequency device 23. In the uplink direction, the radio frequency device 23 receives information via the antenna 22 and sends the received information to the baseband device 23 for processing. In the downlink direction, the baseband device 23 processes the information to be transmitted and sends it to the radio frequency device 22. The radio frequency device 22 processes the received information and then sends it through the antenna 22.

[0401] The method executed by the network-side device in the above embodiment may be implemented in the baseband device 23 , which includes a baseband processor.

[0402] The baseband device 23 may include, for example, at least one baseband board, on which multiple chips are arranged, as shown in Figure 17, one of which is, for example, a baseband processor, which is connected to the memory 25 through a bus interface to call the program in the memory 25 and execute the network device operations shown in the above method embodiment.

[0403] The network side device may further include a network interface 26, which is, for example, a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI).

[0404] Specifically, the network side device 200 of the embodiment of the present application also includes: instructions or programs stored in the memory 25 and executable on the processor 24. The processor 24 calls the instructions or programs in the memory 25 to execute the methods executed by the modules shown in FIG13 or FIG14 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, they will not be elaborated here.

[0405] An embodiment of the present application also provides a readable storage medium, on which a program or instruction is stored. When the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the various processes of the above-mentioned backscatter signal transmission method embodiment or the various processes of the above-mentioned carrier excitation signal sending method embodiment are implemented, and the same technical effect can be achieved. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0406] The processor is the processor in the terminal described in the above embodiment. The readable storage medium includes a computer-readable storage medium, such as a computer read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk. In some examples, the readable storage medium may be a non-transitory readable storage medium.

[0407] An embodiment of the present application further provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the various processes of the above-mentioned backscatter signal transmission method embodiment, or to implement the various processes of the above-mentioned carrier excitation signal sending method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0408] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can also be called a system-level chip, a system chip, a chip system or a system-on-chip chip, etc.

[0409] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program / program product, which is stored in a storage medium. The computer program / program product is executed by at least one processor to implement the various processes of the above-mentioned backscatter signal transmission method embodiment, or to implement the various processes of the above-mentioned carrier excitation signal sending method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0410] An embodiment of the present application also provides a communication system, including: a terminal and a network-side device, wherein the terminal can be used to execute the steps of the backscatter signal transmission method described above, and the network-side device can be used to execute the steps of the carrier excitation signal sending method described above.

[0411] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "comprise", "include" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element. In addition, it should be pointed out that the scope of the methods and devices in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, and may also include performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the opposite order according to the functions involved. For example, the described method may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may also be added, omitted or combined. In addition, the features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0412] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by means of a computer software product plus a necessary general-purpose hardware platform, or of course, by hardware. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.) and includes a number of instructions for enabling a terminal or network-side device to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present application.

[0413] The embodiments of the present application are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of this application, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms of implementation methods without departing from the purpose of this application and the scope of protection of the claims. These implementation methods are all within the protection of this application.

Claims

1. A backscatter signal transmission method, the method comprising: The first device acquires first transmission parameters, where the first transmission parameters include at least two backscatter frequencies; The first device transmits a first backscatter signal to the second device according to the first transmission parameter.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The first transmission parameter further includes at least one of the following: a first time range, the first time range comprising a time range in which backscatter transmission may be used; the length of an information block, the information block comprising an information block for backscatter transmission; The length of the sub-blocks of the information block; Information encoding method; Coding rate; Number of repeated transmissions; The switching time interval between different backscatter frequencies.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The first transmission parameter is determined in a manner including at least one of the following: Second device indication; determining according to information indicated by the second device; Determining according to the capability of the first device; The protocol is predefined; Preconfigured.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The first device acquiring the first transmission parameter includes: The first device obtains first information; determining, by the first device, the first transmission parameter according to the first information; The first information includes at least one of the following: first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate a frequency-related parameter of backscatter transmission; Second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate transmission mode related parameters of backscatter transmission; Downlink signal quality parameter.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein The first device obtains first information, including: The first device receives at least one of first indication information and second indication information from the second device.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein: The frequency-related parameters include at least one of the following: The frequency point set of backscatter transmission; the set of frequency offsets of the backscatter transmission; Frequency hopping set of frequencies for backscatter transmission; The frequency hopping pattern of the backscatter transmission frequency; At least two backscatter frequencies of the backscatter transmission.

7. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein The transmission mode related parameters include at least one of the following: Whether backscatter transmission adopts repeated transmission; The number of retransmissions of the backscatter transmission; Information encoding method for backscatter transmission; the time scale of the backscatter transmission; The length of the information block transmitted by backscatter; Backscatter transmission: The switching interval for switching the backscatter frequency.

8. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein In the case where the frequency-related parameter includes a frequency point set during backscatter transmission, the at least two backscatter frequencies include any one of the following: at least two frequency points selected from the set of frequency points; The frequency points are determined according to the frequency point set and the frequency offset set.

9. The method according to claim 4 or 8, wherein When the downlink signal quality parameter is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the scattering frequency of the first device during backscatter transmission is a first backscattering frequency; Alternatively, when the downlink signal quality parameter is less than the first threshold, the scattering frequency of the first device during backscatter transmission is a second backscattering frequency; Alternatively, the parameter interval in which the downlink signal quality parameter is located corresponds to a backscattering frequency, and different parameter intervals correspond to different backscattering frequencies.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein In a case where the first transmission parameter includes at least two time ranges, the first device transmitting a first backscatter signal to the second device according to the first transmission parameter includes: The first device transmits a first backscatter signal to the second device using the at least two backscatter frequencies in the at least two time ranges; Each time range corresponds to a backscattering frequency, and different time ranges correspond to different or the same backscattering frequencies.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein In a case where the first transmission parameter includes a length of a sub-block of an information block, the first device transmitting a first backscatter signal to the second device according to the first transmission parameter includes: The first device divides the second information into a plurality of information blocks according to a length of the second information and a length of the segmented sub-blocks; The first device transmits a first backscatter signal to the second device according to the backscatter frequency corresponding to each of the information blocks; The first backscatter signal carries the multiple information blocks, and different information blocks correspond to the same or different backscatter frequencies.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein Before the first device divides the second information into a plurality of information blocks according to the length of the second information and the segmentation bit length, the method further includes: The first device performs interleaving encoding on the third information to be transmitted to obtain the second information.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein The first device transmitting a first backscatter signal to a second device according to the first transmission parameter includes: The first device repeatedly transmits a first backscatter signal to the second device according to the at least two backscatter frequencies; Wherein, one transmission corresponds to one backscatter frequency, the at least two backscatter frequencies are acquired through one first indication information, or each backscatter frequency is acquired through one first indication information.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein The information encoding method includes at least one of the following: Dual-phase space code FM0 code; Any one of Miller-2 coding, Miller-4 coding, and Miller-8 coding; Convolutional coding; Manchester encoding; Low-density parity-check code LDPC coding; Polar encoding; RM encoding.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein The method further comprises: The first device reports fourth information to the second device, where the fourth information is a switching time interval for switching a backscatter frequency when the first device transmits a backscatter signal.

16. A backscatter signal transmission method, the method comprising: The second device receives the first backscattered signal from the first device; The first backscatter signal is a backscatter signal transmitted according to first transmission parameters, and the first transmission parameters include at least two backscatter frequencies.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein: Before the second device receives the first backscatter signal, the method further includes: The second device obtains a second transmission parameter; The second device sends a first carrier excitation signal to the first device according to the second transmission parameter; The second transmission parameter includes at least one first carrier frequency, and the first carrier excitation signal is used for the first device to transmit a backscattered signal.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein The second transmission parameter is determined in a manner including at least one of the following: Network side device indication; Determining according to the capability of the second device; The protocol is predefined; Preconfigured.

19. The method according to claim 17 or 18, wherein The second transmission parameter further includes at least two time ranges; The second device sending a first carrier excitation signal to the first device according to the second transmission parameter includes: The second device sends a first carrier excitation signal to the first device using the at least two first carrier frequencies in the at least two time ranges; Each time range corresponds to a first carrier frequency, and different time ranges correspond to different or the same first carrier frequencies.

20. The method according to claim 16, wherein Before the second device receives the first backscatter signal, the method further includes: The second device sends third indication information to the third device, where the third indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: sending a second carrier excitation signal to the first device, and sending frequency-related parameters of the second carrier excitation signal.

21. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 20, wherein The method further comprises: The second device sends first information to the first device; The first information includes at least one of the following: first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate a frequency-related parameter of backscatter transmission; Second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate transmission mode related parameters of backscatter transmission.

22. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 21, wherein The method further comprises: The second device receives fourth information from the first device, where the fourth information is a switching time interval for switching a backscatter frequency when the first device transmits a backscatter signal.

23. A method for transmitting a carrier excitation signal, the method comprising: The third device obtains a third transmission parameter; The third device sends a second carrier excitation signal to the first device according to the third transmission parameter; The third transmission parameter includes at least two second carrier frequencies, and the second carrier excitation signal is used for the first device to transmit a backscattered signal.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein The third transmission parameter is determined in at least one of the following ways: Second device indication; determining according to information indicated by the second device; Determining according to the capability of the third device; The protocol is predefined; Preconfigured.

25. The method according to claim 23 or 24, wherein The third device acquiring the third transmission parameter includes: The third device receives third indication information from the second device; The third device determines the third transmission parameter according to the third indication information; The third indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: sending a second carrier excitation signal to the first device, and sending frequency-related parameters of the second carrier excitation signal.

26. The method according to claim 25, wherein In the case where the frequency-related parameter includes a frequency point set, the at least two second carrier frequencies include any one of the following: at least two frequency points selected from the set of frequency points; The frequency points are determined according to the frequency point set and the frequency offset set.

27. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 26, wherein The third transmission parameter also includes at least two time ranges; The third device sending a second carrier excitation signal to the first device according to the third transmission parameter includes: The third device sends a second carrier excitation signal to the first device using the at least two second carrier frequencies in the at least two time ranges; Each time range corresponds to a second carrier frequency, and different time ranges correspond to different or the same carrier frequencies.

28. A backscatter signal transmission device, comprising: Get module and execute module, where: The acquisition module is configured to acquire a first transmission parameter, where the first transmission parameter includes at least two backscatter frequencies; The execution module is configured to transmit a first backscatter signal to a second device according to the first transmission parameter acquired by the acquisition module.

29. The apparatus according to claim 28, wherein The first transmission parameter further includes at least one of the following: a first time range, the first time range comprising a time range in which backscatter transmission may be used; the length of an information block, the information block comprising an information block for backscatter transmission; The length of the sub-blocks of the information block; Information encoding method; Coding rate; Number of repeated transmissions; The switching time interval between different backscatter frequencies.

30. A backscatter signal transmission device, comprising: Receiver module; The receiving module is configured to receive a first backscattered signal from a first device; The first backscatter signal is a backscatter signal transmitted according to first transmission parameters, and the first transmission parameters include at least two backscatter frequencies.

31. The device according to claim 30, wherein Before the second device receives the first backscatter signal, the apparatus further includes: The second device obtains a second transmission parameter; The second device sends a first carrier excitation signal to the first device according to the second transmission parameter; The second transmission parameter includes at least one first carrier frequency, and the first carrier excitation signal is used for the first device to transmit a backscattered signal.

32. A carrier excitation signal transmitting device, the device comprising: Get module and send module, where: The acquisition module is used to acquire the third transmission parameter; The sending module is configured to send a second carrier excitation signal to the first device according to the third transmission parameter acquired by the acquiring module; The third transmission parameter includes at least two second carrier frequencies, and the second carrier excitation signal is used for the first device to transmit a backscattered signal.

33. The apparatus according to claim 32, wherein The third transmission parameter is determined in at least one of the following ways: Second device indication; determining according to information indicated by the second device; Determining according to the capability of the third device; The protocol is predefined; Preconfigured.

34. A communication device, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a program or instruction that can be run on the processor, and when the program or instruction is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the backscatter signal transmission method as described in any one of claims 1 to 15, or implements the steps of the backscatter signal transmission method as described in any one of claims 16 to 22, or implements the carrier excitation signal sending method as described in any one of claims 23 to 27.

35. A readable storage medium storing a program or instruction, wherein the program or instruction, when executed by a processor, implements the backscatter signal transmission method as described in any one of claims 1 to 15, or implements the steps of the backscatter signal transmission method as described in any one of claims 16 to 22, or implements the carrier excitation signal sending method as described in any one of claims 23 to 27.

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