Aging method for an accelerated use-specific aging of battery cells on a test stand in order to generate calibration information

Abstract

The invention relates to an aging method for an accelerated use-specific aging of battery cells (100) on a test stand in order to generate calibration information (KIN), said method being characterized by the following steps: − electrically connecting at least one battery cell (100) to an aging device (10), − carrying out a referencing process (R) for determining the actual SoH (IS) of the connected battery cell (100), − carrying out a first aging loop (AS1), having the steps of - carrying out a first aging process (AP1), which is specific to a first type of aging of the connected battery cell (100), and a subsequent referencing process (R) for determining the actual SoH (IS) of the connected battery cell (100) after the first aging process (AP1), - comparing the determined actual SoH (IS) with a first aging threshold value (AG1) and - repeating the first aging process (AP1) and the referencing process (R) until the determined actual SoH (IS) falls below the first aging threshold value (AG1), − carrying out a second aging loop (AS2), having the steps of - carrying out a second aging process (AP2), which is specific to a second type of aging of the connected battery cell (100) that differs from the first type of aging, and a subsequent referencing process (R) for determining the actual SoH (IS) of the connected battery cell (100) after the second aging process (AP2), - comparing the determined actual SoH (IS) with a second aging threshold value (AG2) and - repeating the second aging process (AP2) and the referencing process (R) until the determined actual SoH (IS) falls below the second aging threshold value (AG2), and − outputting calibration information (KIN), which contains measurement values of the connected battery cell (100), said measurement values being associated with at least one of the determined actual SoHs (IS), for use in a control device of a vehicle.

Description

[0001] Ageing procedure for a usage-specific accelerated ageing of battery cells on a test bench to generate calibration information

[0002] The present invention relates to an aging method for a usage-specific accelerated aging of battery cells for generating calibration information, an aging device for carrying out such an aging method and a computer program product for carrying out such an aging method.

[0003] It is known that aging processes are used to conduct accelerated aging tests for battery devices. This is particularly necessary to design battery vehicles according to their long-term stability and to use sufficiently long-term stable battery devices. For this purpose, complete battery devices, which comprise a large number of individual, interconnected battery cells, are typically placed in climatic chambers and subjected to defined charging and discharging cycles. The climatic chamber makes it possible to set and specify various temperature situations, so that the increased temperature load and defined charging and discharging cycles can result in accelerated stress and thus accelerated aging of the battery device.The result of such known aging processes is usually the number of charging cycles possible until a maximum state of health of the battery device is reached. This maximum number of charging cycles should then correspond to the intended mileage of the respective vehicle.

[0004] A disadvantage of the current solutions is that they do not allow for usage-specific aging. While it is generally possible to set different temperature profiles, for example, to differentiate whether the battery device is intended for use in hot or cold climates, different types of use, such as racetrack use, commuter use, short-distance travel, or similar, can be efficiently simulated.

[0005] A further disadvantage of the known solutions is that the output essentially only contains the number of charging cycles until the reduced, predefined health level of the battery device is reached. Further details, especially feedback and use of this quality information for the actual use of the battery devices in a vehicle, are not yet possible.

[0006] It is therefore an object of the present invention to at least partially resolve the problems described above. In particular, the object of the present invention is to perform a cost-effective and simple calibration of a battery management system of a battery-powered vehicle based on aging information.

[0007] The above object is achieved by an aging method having the features of claim 1, an aging device having the features of claim 14, and a computer program product having the features of claim 15. Further features and details of the invention emerge from the subclaims, the description, and the drawings. Features and details described in connection with the aging method according to the invention naturally also apply in connection with the aging device according to the invention and the computer program product according to the invention, and vice versa, so that with regard to the disclosure of the individual aspects of the invention, reference is always made to each other.

[0008] According to the invention, an aging process is used to perform usage-specific accelerated aging of battery cells on a test bench to generate calibration information. Such an aging process is characterized by the following steps:

[0009] - Electrical connection of at least one battery cell to an ageing device,

[0010] - Performing a referencing to determine an actual SoH (State of Health) on the connected battery cell,

[0011] - Carrying out a first aging loop, comprising o a first aging process which is specific for a first aging type of the connected battery cell, with subsequent referencing to determine the actual SoH of the connected battery cell after the first aging process, o comparing the determined actual SoH with a first aging limit and repeating the first aging process and the referencing until the determined SoH falls below the first aging limit,

[0012] - Carrying out a second aging loop comprising o a second aging process which is specific for a second aging type of the connected battery cell which differs from the first aging type, with subsequent referencing to determine the actual SoH of the connected battery cell after the second aging process, o comparing the determined actual SoH with a second aging limit and repeating the second aging process and the referencing until the determined actual SoH falls below the second aging limit,

[0013] - Outputting calibration information containing measured values ​​of the connected battery cell associated with at least some of the determined actual SoH for use in a control device of a vehicle.

[0014] An aging method according to the invention serves to generate calibration information related to the defined aging of a single or multiple battery cells. A key difference between the present invention and known solutions is that it treats a single battery cell, not an entire battery device. Of course, as will be explained later, multiple battery cells can also be subjected to an identical or different aging process in parallel.

[0015] After being electrically connected to an aging device, this battery cell is now referenced in a first step. Referencing refers to the recognition and definition of a reference situation. The reference is made to the so-called State of Health (SoH). This State of Health is specifically a physical parameter and can be, for example, the remaining residual capacity, the internal resistance, or other electrical information of the connected battery cells. Typically, this is the residual capacity, so that with a defined nominal capacity of 100% of the connected battery cell, aging becomes apparent in that only a reduced percentage of, for example, 95%, 90%, 80%, or less is available as residual capacity.

[0016] According to the invention, the first step involves reference to identify the starting point, i.e., the 100% or nominal capacity of the connected battery cell, and to define it as the starting point for the subsequent targeted aging. This is essentially followed by at least two aging loops. Of course, it is also fundamentally possible within the scope of the present invention to perform two, three, four, or more aging loops with similar or different aging processes. However, the main advantage of the invention is already achieved with at least two aging loops. The two aging loops differ from each other in that different aging processes are carried out.

[0017] An aging process within the meaning of the present invention is characterized by the fact that various framework parameters are specified and / or adhered to in order to achieve this type of aging. Such framework parameters will be explained in more detail later and include, for example, charging rates, discharging rates, achieving different charge states, maintaining certain temperature windows, or the like. It is already clear here that it is not a question of always carrying out full charging cycles, but that it is also possible, for example, to incorporate short-term intermediate charges into such an aging process. Since the entire number of charging cycles no longer needs to be recorded for calibration information later, there is greater freedom to adapt the individual aging processes much more closely to the actual type of use and the actual type of aging.The aging loops differ from one another in that the aging processes are designed differently. For example, the aging processes can be carried out at different temperatures, with different charging rates, with different repetition rates, or with similar, differing parameters. Another core concept of the present invention is that referencing also takes place within each aging loop. This referencing can take place after each aging process or even after multiple aging processes.In other words, referencing is performed throughout the entire process, not only at the beginning and end, but also at defined intermediate situations. This ensures that the current state of health, which develops during the aging process and thus the health status of the connected battery cell being aged, is known and determined throughout the aging process. It is therefore possible to carry out the aging process in a controlled and monitored manner so that a defined intermediate state of the cell's health status is reached for each aging process, thus transitioning to the next aging process and / or the subsequent aging loop with controlled aging.

[0018] The final core idea of ​​the present invention is expressed in the last step. Here, calibration information is output that is no longer limited to complete charge and discharge cycles according to known solutions, but rather shows the correlation of, in particular, electrical measured values ​​of the battery cell during the aging process and the respective associated determined actual SoH. In other words, the calibration information thus contains a correlation over the course of the aging process between measurable electrical measurement parameters of the connected battery cell and the respective attributable state of health of the connected battery cell.

[0019] The calibration information therefore contains at least two essential components. Firstly, this is the course of the actual SoH of the connected battery cell determined by the referencing steps. Secondly, these are measured values ​​​​related to the course of the actual SoH. These can be, for example, temperature values, charging cycles, current values, voltage values, resistance values, or similar. The combination of measured values ​​​​that can also be measured again at a later location in a vehicle with the course of the actual SoH allows a correlation between these two parameter groups. One possible use of this calibration information is, for example, the determination of an actual SoH on a vehicle based on the measured values ​​​​then measured on the test bench.For example, if the calibration information contains the actual SoH curve in correlation with the measured internal resistance of the battery cell, a battery management system (also called a BMS) can now measure the internal resistance of one or more battery cells in the usual way when this battery cell is used in a vehicle. Based on these real measured values, the actual SoH can be deduced using the calibration information, in the simplest case by comparing it with the correlations contained therein. In this example, the measured internal resistance represents a related actual SoH from the calibration information.

[0020] Since aging is now specific to a type of use, the use of calibration information from different aging processes leads to different results for an actual SoH, even for an identical battery device, with identical measured values, for example in the form of internal resistance. Without complex calculations or simulations, calibration information can now be generated for a battery device specific to a specific use. Depending on the intended use, this calibration information has different correlations and leads to different evaluations with regard to the values ​​to be output for the actual SoH. Therefore, due to the different calibration information depending on the use, a battery device will each produce a different actual SoH in a racing car and in a small car with the same actual measured value. Until now, this distinction was not possible at all or only with very complex calculation and simulation effort.

[0021] In other words, in the simplest case, this calibration information is fed into a battery management system for later use of the battery cell in a battery device. Thus, by monitoring and determining the same measured values ​​and the correlation now known from the aging process and the calibration information, it becomes possible to draw very precise conclusions about the state of health of the battery cells in the battery device operated by such a BMS. This is particularly possible on a use-specific basis, since not just one type of aging, but at least two different types of aging have been combined with one another in an aging process according to the invention with a large degree of freedom. It is also possible to implement the calibration information in a use-specific manner and even to use different calibration information for different types of use for one and the same battery device.For example, for a battery device that will later be used in a racing car, calibration information can be used that has been analyzed in the aging process using aging mechanisms typical for such racing use. If the same battery device is used in a small vehicle, for example, for short-distance use, a completely different set of calibration information can be generated and used despite the design and construction of the battery cells and the battery device being identical, since the aging process addresses this different usage-specific aging, and thus the calibration information also reflects this different type of use.

[0022] According to the invention, it is now possible not only to use the aging process to address different intended uses of a battery device in a specific way, but also to carry out the aging process is significantly simpler since it can be carried out at the cell level for individual battery cells and no longer, as in the known solutions, for the entire battery device.

[0023] It can be advantageous if, in an aging method according to the invention, the first aging loop and / or the second aging loop are repeated with a reduced first aging limit value and / or a reduced second aging limit value. For example, it is conceivable to carry out the first aging loop until a loss of total capacity as the state of health and thus a state of health of 3% has occurred. For example, a reduction from 100% initial SoH to an actual SoH after the first aging loop of 97%. The second aging loop can be carried out in a similar way up to a further reduction of 3%, i.e. to an actual SoH of 94%. For a further run through the first and second aging loop, different limit values ​​can now be provided. These limit values ​​could, for example, be lower, since aging does not usually proceed linearly.For example, the new increments for the second overall run can be reduced to 2%. In this example, this means that the second run of the first aging loop is repeated until the actual SoH has been reduced from 94% to 92%. Similarly, the second aging loop can be repeated in the second overall run until the actual SoH has been reduced from 92% to 90%. Of course, more complex relationships for varying and reducing the aging limits in the higher-level overall loop can also bring advantages.

[0024] It is also advantageous if, in an aging process according to the invention, the first aging loop and / or the second aging loop are repeated until an absolute aging limit is reached. Similar to the known solutions, there are certain limits, which are also referred to as end-of-life health status (EoL). For example, battery devices and thus the individual battery cells in vehicles are often only used until they reach a residual capacity of 80%. Such an actual SoH as an end-of-life status can also be used as a termination criterion for the entire loop of an aging process according to the invention. It is therefore conceivable to repeat the sum of the individual aging loops sequentially in the defined order until the end-of-life status in the form of the absolute aging limit is reached and / or undercut.

[0025] It can also be advantageous if the number of repetitions is limited for the first aging loop and / or the second aging loop in an aging method according to the invention. For example, an additional termination criterion can be specified so that the total number of repetitions does not exceed a maximum value. If an aging process leads to very minor aging phenomena in the connected battery cell, such a termination criterion in the form of the maximum number of repetitions can result in a timely transition to the second aging loop. Otherwise, there is a risk that, in an aging loop with minor aging phenomena, the aging process will drag on, resulting in a time disadvantage. In other words, it is possible to integrate two or even more termination criteria into one aging loop.

[0026] It is also advantageous if, in an aging process according to the invention, the first aging limit and / or the second aging limit result from a predefined reduction step from a previous actual SoH. This can, for example, be a defined capacity loss of 3%, as already explained. This defined reduction step can also change for multiple repetitions of the aging loops, for example, it can be reduced from 3 percentage points to 2 percentage points during the second overall run through all aging loops. This is therefore a relative limit, which can also be referred to as a step size or a limit step size.

[0027] Further advantages can be achieved if, in an aging process according to the invention, the specified reduction step differs for different aging processes and / or for different repetitions of the aging loops. This means that, for example, different reduction steps are used for different overall runs and / or for different aging loops. Particularly if, based on physical considerations, a non-linear behavior in the aging process of the connected battery cell is to be expected, a reduction and a change in the reduction steps can account for these physically expected changes in the aging rate.The aim here is in particular to reduce the overall time of the aging process while maintaining or even increasing the significance of the calibration information to be output.

[0028] Further advantages can be achieved if at least one of the following methods is used to determine the actual SoH in an aging process according to the invention:

[0029] - Measurement of the electrical capacity of the connected battery cell,

[0030] - Measurement of the internal resistance of the connected battery cell,

[0031] - Introduction of hybrid power pulses into the connected battery cell.

[0032] The above list is not exhaustive. Of course, several measurement methods can be combined. In particular, for example, the electrical capacitance is determined to determine the current state of health, or the residual capacity compared to the nominal capacity is directly used to define the state of health and thus the actual SoH. Other measurements, such as the internal resistance measurement, can be used, for example, to evaluate the measured values ​​in correlation with the determined actual SoH and later output them as part of the calibration information.

[0033] It can also be advantageous if, in an aging method according to the invention, the first aging process in the first aging loop and / or the second aging process in the second aging loop are repeated several times before referencing is performed. In particular, if physical considerations indicate that the actual SoH will only decrease minimally per aging process performed, individual intermediate referencing can be omitted, thus reducing the total time required to complete the respective aging loop. For example, it is even possible to predict by which reduction step the actual SoH to be referenced will decrease in the expected manner per aging process performed.Based on this forecast, which can be specified based on a model, for example, it is now possible to no longer carry out the actual referencing after each aging process, but rather after defined and targeted multiple loops, thus reducing the number of intermediate referencings per aging loop and minimizing the overall time of the aging process.

[0034] It can also be advantageous if, in an aging process according to the invention, the first aging process and / or the second aging process comprises at least one of the following aging process steps:

[0035] - Discharging the connected battery cell to a defined discharge state,

[0036] - Charging the connected battery cell to a defined charge level,

[0037] - Tempering the connected battery cell to a defined temperature,

[0038] - Setting a defined discharge current for the connected battery cell,

[0039] - Setting a defined charging current for the connected battery cell, - Applying mechanical stress to the connected battery cell,

[0040] - Limitation to operating limits in real operation of the connected battery cell.

[0041] The above list is also not exhaustive. Of course, two or more of these steps can be performed together or even overlap. It is also possible to perform the individual aging processes differently, particularly in different iterations of the aging loop. For example, a temperature can be set and a defined number of full charge and discharge cycles can be performed. In a further iteration of the aging process, short-distance operation is simulated at the same temperature, oscillating between two defined states of charge, for example, between 80% and 50% state of charge (SoC) of the connected battery cell.In an alternative solution, very high charging and discharging currents can be used to simulate rapid charging cycles and high consumption, for example, during operation on a racetrack. It is clearly evident here that by appropriately selecting and parameterizing the individual aging process steps, a defined adaptation to different usage-specific requirements and / or different aging situations is possible.

[0042] Further advantages can also be achieved if, in an aging process according to the invention, the first aging process and / or the second aging process is specific for at least one of the following aging types, in particular through targeted selection and sequence of aging process steps:

[0043] - pure battery operation of a vehicle,

[0044] - Plug-in hybrid operation of a vehicle,

[0045] - calendar aging,

[0046] Fast charging mode, slow charging mode.

[0047] The above list is also non-exhaustive, and in particular, it also allows for combinations of the individual steps. This makes it possible to adapt the individual aging processes to different battery operations and / or vehicle operating modes, as well as different aging systems and processes, and to vary the loops accordingly. This makes it possible to accelerate aging in a use-specific manner while still providing a very high level of information through realism. In other words, the calibration information generated and output in this way will very realistically reflect aging during later use in a vehicle and thus allow a very precise conclusion to be drawn about the actual SoH of the correspondingly calibrated battery management system (BMS).

[0048] Further advantages can also be achieved if, in an aging process according to the invention, the first aging process and / or the second aging process are adapted to a predetermined usage profile of the connected battery cell in a vehicle, in particular by targeted selection and sequence of aging process steps, in particular at least one of the following:

[0049] - Operation on a race track,

[0050] - commuter operation,

[0051] - short-haul operations,

[0052] - long-distance operation,

[0053] - Operation with a photovoltaic system.

[0054] The above list is also not exhaustive. Here, too, combinations of the individual types of use are conceivable. It should also be noted that different operating modes can of course be combined with one another, for example short-distance operation with commuting operation or similar. It is also advantageous if an aging method according to the invention is carried out at least partially in parallel for at least two connected battery cells, with identical or essentially identical aging loops. In other words, redundant aging is carried out here, so that the two connected battery cells are operated and aged essentially identically. The calibration information can be output separately and can then be used, for example, to generate mean values.The redundant detailed information, which probably differs slightly from each other due to the real measurements, thus forms average values, which can provide even higher accuracy and realism of the calibration information.

[0055] Further advantages are achieved if, in an aging process according to the invention, it is carried out at least partially in parallel for at least two connected battery cells using different aging loops. In contrast to the previous paragraph, this means that, depending on different types of use or different aging processes, different calibration information can now be provided and output in parallel. For example, a battery management system can later switch between different calibration information depending on the current usage situation and thus the expected aging situation.This makes it possible to equip a battery management system with a correspondingly flexible management calibration even in complex usage situations, in order to allow even more precise monitoring and tracking of the health status of the individual battery cells in the battery device of such a vehicle.

[0056] The present invention further relates to an aging device for carrying out an aging method on a test bench for use-specific accelerated aging of battery cells to generate calibration information. For this purpose, the aging device has a receiving module for receiving and electrically connecting at least one battery cell. Such an aging device is characterized in that a referencing module is provided for carrying out a referencing process to determine an actual SoH of a connected battery cell. Furthermore, a loop module is provided for carrying out the first aging loop and a second loop module is provided for carrying out the second aging loop. With the aid of an output module, the calibration information is output, which contains measured values ​​of the connected battery cell associated with at least one of the determined actual SoH.The referencing module, the first loop module, the second loop module, and / or the output module are designed specifically for carrying out an aging process according to the invention. Thus, such an aging device also offers the same advantages as those explained in detail with reference to an aging process according to the invention.

[0057] The present invention also relates to a computer program product comprising instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to carry out an aging method according to the invention. Such a computer program product thus also provides the same advantages as those explained in detail with reference to an aging method according to the invention.

[0058] Further advantages, features, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in detail with reference to the drawings. They show schematically:

[0059] Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of an aging device according to the invention,

[0060] Fig. 2 a first step of an aging process according to the invention,

[0061] Fig. 3 shows a further step of an aging process according to the invention,

[0062] Fig. 4 shows a further step of an aging process according to the invention,

[0063] Fig. 5 a detailed representation of an aging process, Fig. 6 a schematic representation of different

[0064] Aging loops and

[0065] Fig. 7 shows another illustration of different aging loops.

[0066] Figure 1 shows an embodiment of an aging device 10 according to the invention. A receiving module 20 is arranged in a climate chamber for temperature control, in which a battery cell 100 is schematically arranged in an electrically conductive manner and thus electrically connected. Several battery cells 100 can, of course, also be connected to a corresponding electrical bus system and thus subjected to the same charging and discharging cycles in parallel. A control module arranged below contains a referencing module 30, a first loop module 40, and a second loop module 50, which can exchange corresponding electrical signals and charging and discharging cycles with the aging device 10. The generated calibration information KIN can later be output in the output module 60. The sequence of an aging method according to the invention is explained in more detail with reference to Figures 2, 3, and 4.

[0067] Figure 2 shows the start of the aging process, in which the referencing module 30 performs a referencing R. Here, in particular, the nominal value of the connected battery cell 100 is set, i.e., the health status is set to 100% as the initial state and initial value. As soon as this occurs, the aging process starts with the execution of the first aging loop AS1, which here applies the first aging process AP1 by the first grinding module 40. After one or more aging processes AP1 have been completed, an intermediate referencing is performed as a referencing R to determine whether the termination criterion for the first aging loop AS1 has already been reached. Following the first aging loop AS1, the second aging loop AS2 is performed by the second grinding module 50.Here, a second aging process AP2 and a referencing R are carried out in an alternating sequence in order to also monitor the termination criterion of the second aging limit value AG2. At the end of all aging loops AS1 and AS2, the respective actual SoH values ​​and other information are transferred and output as calibration information KIN from the output module 60. Figure 5 shows a schematic of how an aging process AP can be structured in a very simple way. For example, the cell voltage as the state of charge can be varied over time between two defined charging cycles. The decisive factor is how these charging cycles or other parameters of the aging process AP1 and the aging process AP2 affect the state of health and thus the actual SoH IS. This is shown in more detail in Figure 6.Here, the actual SoH IS is displayed on the Y-axis and changes over time by applying accelerated aging through the aging processes AP1 and AP2. In the first aging loop AS1, the first aging processes AP1 are performed four times and referenced four times R until the first aging limit AG1 is undershot. The aging process then switches to the second aging loop AS2, in which the second aging process AP2 is performed four times. The termination criterion is recognized by the subsequent intermediate referencing R when the second aging limit AG2 is undershot.

[0068] Figure 7 shows a variant in which the loop execution of the first and second aging loop AS1 and AS2 is carried out twice, until the absolute aging limit value AGA is also undershot during the second run of the second aging loop AS2.

[0069] The above explanation of the embodiment describes the present invention solely by way of examples.

[0070] List of reference symbols

[0071] 10 Aging device

[0072] 20 Recording module

[0073] 30 Referencing module

[0074] 40 first loop module

[0075] 50 second loop module

[0076] 60 Output module

[0077] 100 battery cells

[0078] KIN calibration information

[0079] R referencing

[0080] IS Actual SoH

[0081] AS1 first aging loop

[0082] AP1 first aging process

[0083] AG1 first ageing limit

[0084] AS2 second aging loop

[0085] AP2 second aging process

[0086] AG2 second ageing limit

[0087] AGA absolute ageing limit

Claims

Patent claims 1 . Aging method for a usage-specific accelerated aging of battery cells (100) on a test bench for generating calibration information (KIN), characterized by the following steps: - Electrically connecting at least one battery cell (100) to an aging device (10), - performing a referencing (R) to determine an actual SoH (IS) on the connected battery cell (100), - Carrying out a first aging loop (AS1), comprising o a first aging process (AP1) which is specific for a first aging type of the connected battery cell (100), with subsequent referencing (R) to determine the actual SoH (IS) of the connected battery cell (100) after the first aging process (AP1), o comparing the determined actual SoH (IS) with a first aging limit value (AG1) and repeating the first aging process (AP1) and the referencing (R) until the determined actual SoH (IS) falls below the first aging limit value (AG1), - Carrying out a second aging loop (AS2), comprising o a second aging process (AP2) which is specific for a second aging type of the connected battery cell (100), which differs from the first aging type, with subsequent referencing (R) to determine the actual SoH (IS) of the connected battery cell (100) after the second aging process (AP2), o comparing the determined actual SoH (IS) with a second aging limit value (AG2) and repeating the second aging process (AP2) and the referencing (R) until the certain actual SoH (IS) falls below the second ageing limit value (AG2), - Outputting calibration information (KIN) which contains measured values ​​of the connected battery cell (100) associated with at least one of the determined actual SoH (IS) for use in a control device of a vehicle.

2. Aging method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first aging loop (AS1) and / or the second aging loop (AS2) are repeated with a reduced first aging limit value (AG1) and / or a reduced second aging limit value (AG2).

3. Aging method according to claim 2, characterized in that the repetition of the first aging loop (AS1) and / or the second aging loop (AS2) is carried out until an absolute aging limit value (AGA) is reached.

4. Aging method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the number of repetitions is limited for the first aging loop (AS1) and / or the second aging loop (AS2).

5. Aging method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first aging limit value (AG1) and / or the second aging limit value (AG2) results from a predetermined reduction step of a preceding actual SoH (IS).

6. Aging method according to claim 5, characterized in that the predetermined reduction step differs for different aging processes (AP1, AP2) and / or for different repetitions of the aging loops (AS1, AS2).

7. Aging method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the following methods is used to determine the actual SoH (IS): Measurement of the electrical capacity of the connected battery cell - Measurement of the internal resistance of the connected battery cell (100) - Introduction of hybrid power pulses into the connected battery cell (100) 8. Aging method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the first aging loop (AS1) the first aging process (AP1) and / or in the second aging loop (AS2) the second aging process (AP2) is repeated several times before the referencing (R) is carried out.

9. Aging process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first aging process (AP1) and / or the second aging process (AP2) comprise at least one of the following aging process steps: Discharging the connected battery cell (100) to a defined discharge state - Charging the connected battery cell (100) to a defined charge level - Tempering the connected battery cell (100) to a defined temperature - Setting a defined discharge current for the connected battery cell (100) - Setting a defined charging current for the connected battery cell (100) - Introduction of mechanical stress into the connected battery cell (100) - Limitation to operating limits in real operation of the connected battery cell (100) 10. Aging process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first aging process (AP1) and / or the second aging process (AP2), in particular by targeted selection and sequence of aging process steps, is specific for at least one of the following aging types: - Pure battery operation of a vehicle - Plug-in hybrid operation of a vehicle - Calendar aging - Fast charging mode - Slow charging mode 11. Aging method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first aging process (AP1) and / or the second aging process (AP2), in particular by targeted selection and sequence of aging process steps, are adapted to a predetermined usage profile of the connected battery cell (100) in a vehicle, in particular at least one of the following: - Operation on a race track - Commuter service - Short-haul operation - Long-haul operation - Operation with a photovoltaic system 12. Aging method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is carried out for at least two connected battery cells (100) at least partially in parallel with identical or substantially identical aging loops (AS1, AS2).

13. Aging process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is carried out for at least two connected battery cells (100) is carried out at least partially in parallel with different aging loops (AS1, AS2).

14. Aging device (10) for carrying out an aging method for use-specific accelerated aging of battery cells (100) on a test bench for generating calibration information (KIN), comprising a receiving module (20) for receiving and electrically connecting at least one battery cell (100), characterized by a referencing module (30) for carrying out a referencing (R) to determine an actual SoH (IS) of a connected battery cell (100), a first loop module (40) for carrying out the first aging loop (AS1), a second loop module (50) for carrying out a second aging loop (AS2), and an output module (60) for outputting calibration information (KIN) which contains measured values ​​of the connected battery cell (100) associated with at least one of the determined actual SoH (IS), wherein the referencing module (30), the first loop module (40),the second loop module (50) and / or the output module (60) are designed to carry out an aging process having the features of one of claims 1 to 13., 15. A computer program product comprising instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to carry out the steps of an aging method having the features of one of claims 1 to 13.

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