Random access channel and paging adaptation for network energy saving
By dynamically adapting ROs and POs using masking mechanisms, the energy consumption of cellular networks is optimized, reducing UE power usage and network inefficiencies.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077295
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-16
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing cellular communication networks face challenges in optimizing energy consumption by user equipment (UE) through efficient adaptation of random access channel and paging occasions, leading to unnecessary power consumption and network inefficiencies.
Implementing a masking mechanism using DCI or RRC information to dynamically adapt the subset of random access channel (RO) and paging occasions (PO) for network energy saving (NES)-capable UEs, allowing the network to enter a sleep state during non-indicated times and reducing UE monitoring and transmission activities.
This approach reduces UE power consumption and network energy usage by selectively activating ROs and POs, thereby enhancing energy efficiency and latency performance.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024077295_21082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
RANDOM ACCESS CHANNEL AND PAGING ADAPTATION FOR NETWORK ENERGY SAVINGBACKGROUND
[0001] Cellular communications can be defined in various standards to enable communications between a user equipment and a cellular network. For example, a long-term evolution (LTE) network and Fifth generation mobile network (5G) are wireless standards that aim to improve upon data transmission speed, reliability, availability, and more.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0002] Figure 1 is an illustration of an example signaling diagram, according to one or more embodiments.
[0003] Figure 2 is an illustration of example mask configurations, according to one or more embodiments.
[0004] Figure 3 is an illustration of example mask configurations, according to one or more embodiments.
[0005] Figure 4 is an illustration of example mask configurations, according to one or more embodiments.
[0006] Figure 5 is an illustration of example mask configurations, according to one or more embodiments.
[0007] Figure 6 is an illustration of group common downlink control information (DCI) for indicating random access channel occasion (RO) and paging occasion (PO) information, according to one more embodiments.
[0008] Figure 7 is an illustration of a set of frames, according to one or more embodiments.
[0009] Figure 8A is an illustration of an example short message indicator table, according to one or more embodiments.
[0010] Figure 8B is an illustration of an example short message indicator table, according to one or more embodiments.
[0011] Figure 9 is an illustration of an example system information, according to one or more embodiments.
[0012] Figure 10 is an illustration of example RO and PO masking, according to one or more embodiments.
[0013] Figure 11 is an illustration of example mask configurations, according to one or more embodiments.
[0014] Figure 12 is an illustration of example mask configurations, according to one or more embodiments.
[0015] Figure 13 is an illustration of a set ROs mapped to synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , according to one or more embodiments.
[0016] Figure 14 is an illustration of a set ROs mapped to synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , according to one or more embodiments.
[0017] Figure 15 is an illustration of example mask configurations, according to one or more embodiments.
[0018] Figure 16 is an illustration of a dedicated offset, according to one or more embodiments.
[0019] Figure 17 is an illustration of example paging monitoring behavior, according to one or more embodiments.
[0020] Figure 18 is an illustration of example paging monitoring behavior, according to one or more embodiments.
[0021] Figure 19 is an illustration of example paging monitoring behavior, according to one or more embodiments.
[0022] Figure 20 is an illustration of example legacy paging monitoring behavior, according to one or more embodiments.
[0023] Figure 21 is an example process flow for RO and PO configuration, according to one or more embodiments.
[0024] Figure 22 is an example process flow for RO and PO configuration, according to one or more embodiments.
[0025] Figure 23 is an illustration of an example of receive components, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0026] Figure 24 is an illustration of an example of a user equipment (UE) , in accordance with some embodiments.
[0027] Figure 25 is an illustration of an example of a network node, in accordance with some embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers may be used in different drawings to identify the same or similar elements. In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular structures, architectures, interfaces, techniques, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various aspects of various embodiments. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure that the various aspects of the various embodiments may be practiced in other examples that depart from these specific details. In certain instances, descriptions of well-known devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the various embodiments with unnecessary detail. For the purposes of the present document, the phrase “A or B” means (A) , (B) , or (A and B) ; and the phrase “based on A” means “based at least in part on A, ” for example, it could be “based solely on A” or it could be “based in part on A. ”
[0029] The following is a glossary of terms that may be used in this disclosure.
[0030] The term “circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes hardware components such as an electronic circuit, a logic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) , an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable device (FPD) (e.g., a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , a programmable logic device (PLD) , a complex PLD (CPLD) , a high-capacity PLD (HCPLD) , a structured ASIC, or a programmable system-on-a-chip (SoC) ) , digital signal processors (DSPs) , etc., that are configured to provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the circuitry may execute one or more software or firmware programs to provide at least some of the described functionality. The term “circuitry” may also refer to a combination of one or more hardware elements (or a combination of circuits used in an electrical or electronic system) with the program code used to carry out the functionality of that program code. In these embodiments, the combination of hardware elements and program code may be referred to as a particular type of circuitry.
[0031] The term “processor circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes circuitry capable of sequentially and automatically carrying out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations, or recording, storing, or transferring digital data. The term “processor circuitry” may refer to an application processor, baseband processor, a central processing unit (CPU) , a graphics processing unit, a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, a triple-core processor, a quad-core processor, or any other device capable of executing or otherwise operating computer-executable instructions, such as program code, software modules, or functional processes.
[0032] The term “interface circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes circuitry that enables the exchange of information between two or more components or devices. The term “interface circuitry” may refer to one or more hardware interfaces, for example, buses, I / O interfaces, peripheral component interfaces, network interface cards, or the like.
[0033] The term “user equipment” or “UE” as used herein refers to a device with radio communication capabilities and may describe a remote user of network resources in a communications network. The term “user equipment” or “UE” may be considered synonymous to, and may be referred to as, client, mobile, mobile device, mobile terminal, user terminal, mobile unit, mobile station, mobile user, subscriber, user, remote station, access agent, user agent, receiver, radio equipment, reconfigurable radio equipment, reconfigurable mobile device, etc. Furthermore, the term “user equipment” or “UE” may include any type of wireless / wired device or any computing device including a wireless communications interface.
[0034] The term “base station” as used herein refers to a device with radio communication capabilities, that is a network component of a communications network (or, more briefly, a network) , and that may be configured as an access node in the communications network. A UE's access to the communications network may be managed at least in part by the base station, whereby the UE connects with the base station to access the communications network. Depending on the radio access technology (RAT) , the base station can be referred to as a gNodeB (gNB) , eNodeB (eNB) , access point, etc.
[0035] The term “network” as used herein reference to a communications network that includes a set of network nodes configured to provide communications functions to a plurality of user equipment via one or more base stations. For instance, the network can be a public land mobile network (PLMN) that implements one or more communication technologies including, for instance, 5G communications.
[0036] The term “computer system” as used herein refers to any type of interconnected electronic devices, computer devices, or components thereof. Additionally, the term “computer system” or “system” may refer to various components of a computer that are communicatively coupled with one another. Furthermore, the term “computer system” or “system” may refer to multiple computer devices or multiple computing systems that are communicatively coupled with one another and configured to share computing or networking resources.
[0037] The term “resource” as used herein refers to a physical or virtual device, a physical or virtual component within a computing environment, or a physical or virtual component within a particular device, such as computer devices, mechanical devices, memory space, processor / CPU time, processor / CPU usage, processor and accelerator loads, hardware time or usage, electrical power, input / output operations, ports or network sockets, channel / link allocation, throughput, memory usage, storage, network, database and applications, workload units, or the like. A “hardware resource” may refer to compute, storage, or network resources provided by physical hardware element (s) . A “virtualized resource” may refer to compute, storage, or network resources provided by virtualization infrastructure to an application, device, system, etc. The term “network resource” or “communication resource” may refer to resources that are accessible by computer devices / systems via a communications network. The term “system resources” may refer to any kind of shared entities to provide services and may include computing or network resources. System resources may be considered as a set of coherent functions, network data objects or services, accessible through a server where such system resources reside on a single host or multiple hosts and are clearly identifiable.
[0038] The term “channel” as used herein refers to any transmission medium, either tangible or intangible, which is used to communicate data or a data stream. The term “channel” may be synonymous with or equivalent to “communications channel, ” “data communications channel, ” “transmission channel, ” “data transmission channel, ” “access channel, ” “data access channel, ” “link, ” “data link, ” “carrier, ” “radio-frequency carrier, ” or any other like term denoting a pathway or medium through which data is communicated. Additionally, the term “link” as used herein refers to a connection between two devices for the purpose of transmitting and receiving information.
[0039] The terms “instantiate, ” “instantiation, ” and the like as used herein refer to the creation of an instance. An “instance” also refers to a concrete occurrence of an object, which may occur, for example, during execution of program code.
[0040] The term “connected” may mean that two or more elements, at a common communication protocol layer, have an established signaling relationship with one another over a communication channel, link, interface, or reference point.
[0041] The term “network element” as used herein refers to physical or virtualized equipment or infrastructure used to provide wired or wireless communication network services. The term “network element” may be considered synonymous to or referred to as a networked computer, networking hardware, network equipment, network node, virtualized network function, or the like.
[0042] The term “information element” refers to a structural element containing one or more fields. The term “field” refers to individual contents of an information element, or a data element that contains content. An information element may include one or more additional information elements.
[0043] The term “3GPP Access” refers to accesses (e.g., radio access technologies) that are specified by 3GPP standards. These accesses include, but are not limited to, GSM / GPRS, LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR, or 6G. In general, 3GPP access refers to various types of cellular access technologies.
[0044] The term “Non-3GPP Access” refers to any accesses (e.g., radio access technologies) that are not specified by 3GPP standards. These accesses include, but are not limited to, WiMAX, CDMA2000, Wi-Fi, WLAN, or fixed networks. Non-3GPP accesses may be split into two categories, "trusted" and "untrusted. " Trusted non-3GPP accesses can interact directly with an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC) , whereas untrusted non-3GPP accesses interwork with the EPC / 5GC via a network entity, such as an Evolved Packet Data Gateway or a 5G NR gateway. In general, non-3GPP access refers to various types on non-cellular access technologies.
[0045] Random Access Channel and paging adaption via a Mask for Network Energy Saving
[0046] Figure 1 is an illustration 100 of an example signaling diagram, according to one or more embodiments. A user equipment (UE) 102 can be in operable communication with a base station 104. A UE in IDLE state can monitor paging occasions POs 108 for a paging message. A PO 108 may occur once during each discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle for the UE 102. The paging message may also be for system information change for a UE in a CONNECTED state. The network 106 can transmit a paging request 110 to the base station 104 to page the UE 102. The page request 110 can be based on information stored on the network that is available to the UE 102. The base station 104 can transmit the paging message 112 to the UE 102, which the UE 102 can monitor and decode during a paging occasion 108. For example, the UE 102 can search for a paging (P) -radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) 102 with a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) communication in a subframe of the PO 108. Ifthe paging message is directed toward the UE, the UE can decode the message. The UE 102 can send an uplink transmission 114 during a paging random access channel occasion (RO) 114. For example, a UE that is not connected to the network 106 can transmit a random access channel (RACH) message to connect with the network 106. The UE 102 and the network 106 can further engage in a RRC connection setup 118 for the UE 102 to connect with the network 106.
[0047] Conventionally, a base station (e.g., base station 104) can transmit legacy RO configuration information to a UE (e.g., UE 102) via system information (e.g., SIB1) . The time domain positions of the ROs can be configured via an 8-bit prach-ConfigurationIndex using RACH-ConfigGeneric, which can be mapped to a single row as indicated in 3GPP TS 38.211 V18.1.0 (2023-12) . The base station can provide frequency domain positions of the ROs via msg1-FDM (1, 2, 4, 8) within RACH-ConfigGeneric information. In some instances, the base station can use a 4-bit PRACH.
[0048] mask value to restrict the ROs that the UE uses to make a transmission. As an example, the base station can transmit a mask index value (e.g., 1) to indicate that only a first RO in a frequency domain can be selected for transmission by the UE. In another example, the base station can transmit a mask index value (e.g., 9) to indicate that only ROs associated with odd index values can be selected for transmission by the UE. This mask index value can be included in downlink control information (DCI) format 1-0 for a PDCCH ordered RACH communication. Or the mask index value can be included in a RRC communication for a contention free random access (CFRA) communication, a beam failure recovery (BFR) communication, or an on-demand system information broadcast (SIB) .
[0049] Conventionally, the base station can provide legacy paging configuration information via system information (e.g., SIB1) . The PF and PO to be used by a UE for monitoring can be determined based on the following:
[0050] (system frame number (SFN) + paging frame offset (PF_offset) ) mod T = (T div N) * (UE identifier (ID) mod N) , (1)
[0051] index (i_s) indicating the index of the PO is determined by:
[0052] i_s= floor (UE ID / N) mod Ns, (2)
[0053] where T is a number of frames of default paging cycle during a DRX cycle, N is the number of total paging frames in T, Ns is the number of paging occasions for a PF, the UE identifier is 5G-S-temporary mobile subscriber identity (TMSI) 4096 ifthe DRX cycle is an extended DRX (eDRX) , or 5G-STMSI model 1024 otherwise. For example, if T = 128 frames default paging cycle, N equals T / 16, PF offset equals 0, then there are 8 PFs per 1280 ms.
[0054] DCI format 2-7 was introduced in Release (Rel) -17 to support paging early indication (PEI) and tracking reference signals (TRS) resource set availability indications. The size of the DCI format 2-7 can be configured by payloadSizeDCI_format_2_7, which can be no larger than the size of a paging PDDCH communication. For PEI availability indication, a PEI-RNTI can be used. The DCI can include a paging indication field. The paging indication field can use N*M bits, assuming a PEI maps to N number of POs and there are M number of UE subgroups for each PO of the N number of POs. Each bit can correspond to one UE subgroup of a PO. Ifthe bit value is “1, ” a UE belonging to the subgroup of the PO can be required to monitor the PO.
[0055] Otherwise, the UE may not be required to monitor the PO. For a TRS availability indication, a bit map (e.g., 1-6 bits) can be used to indicate the validity of a particular TRS resource set. Each TRS resource set can be associated with a group ID. The availability indication can be valid for a validity duration starting from a reference point.
[0056] Some embodiments describe a procedure and signaling to use a mask to achieve dynamic adaptation of RACH and paging. A network can use new DCI or an RRC information element (IE) to indicate a mask to notify a network energy saving (NES) -capable UE (e.g., UE 102) in IDLE / INACTIVE state to use a subset of random access channel occasions (ROs) and / or paging occasions (POs) of a previously indicated set of ROs and / or POs in time domain. Therefore, the base station 104 providing the serving cell can sleep in the time duration outside the subset indicated by the mask. Additionally, the UE 102 only needs to monitor the POs and / or transmit preamble in ROs that fall within the time duration indicated by the mask.
[0057] The subset of ROs and / or POs indicated by the mask can be configured in different levels, including a frame level, a subframe level, a slot level, or a symbol level. For example, the mask can indicate that the subset, in which the UE 102 is to monitor the POs and / or transmit preamble in ROs, can be only frames with an odd frame index value.
[0058] The mask can be included in a group common DCI format or paging short message for UEs in IDLE / INACTIVE state. The DCI can also indicate the validity of the mask. In some instances, the DCI can indicate the validity duration of the mask. In other instances, the DCI can explicitly indicate the deactivation of the mask. The mask can also be indicated to the UE in an RRC IE. While the mask is described above as applying to UEs in an IDLE / INACTIVE state, the mask can additionally / alternatively apply to UEs in a CONNECTED state.
[0059] In some embodiments, the base station 104 may transmit paging / RACH configuration for NES-capable UEs using a system information broadcast (e.g., SIB1) . For example, the paging configuration can be another configuration of PCCH-Config-NES, and the RACH configuration can be another configuration of prach-ConfigurationIndex-NES. If the new paging / RACH configuration is present, the configuration information used for legacy RO and PO configuration can be a subset of the information from the new paging / RACH configuration. Ifthe new paging / RACH configuration is not present, the base station 104 can use a 1-bit indication (common for RACH and paging adaptation) or a 2-bit indication (separate for RACH and paging adaptation) to indicate the support of the NES masking feature describe herein. In the instance that new paging / RACH configuration is not present, an NES-capable UE can use a legacy configuration for masking.
[0060] In some embodiments, the base station 104 can use system information (e.g., SIB1 or another SIB) to provide mask configuration information. The system information can provide a mapping between a mask and a subset of time domain information that is common for both POs and ROs. In these instances, the subset can be indicated in an absolute time unit, rather than per PO, per paging frame, or per RO. The subset can be configured in different levels, for example, a frame level, a subframe level, a slot level, or a symbol level. For example, the subset can be configured at every two frames, such that for each set of two frames, one frame of the two frames is masked.
[0061] In some embodiments, the base station 104 may provide separate mapping IEs for paging and RACH. For example, a first mapping IE may provide a first mapping between a mask and a subset of the time domain information for the ROs, and a second mapping IE may provide a second mapping between a mask and a subset of the time domain information for the POs. In these instances, for a RACH configuration, the subset of the time domain information can be expressed in units of, for example, frames, subframes, slots, or symbols. The time domain information for the ROs can be indicated in prach-ConfigurationIndex-NES. For a paging configuration, the subset of the time domain information can be expressed in units of, for example, every N frames, every N subframes, every N slots, or every N symbols for the paging monitor occasions (PMOs) . In some instances, the system information may have one-bit to indicate that the UE is to use legacy PO configuration, rather than the herein described PO configuration. Whether the system information includes common mapping information or separate mapping information, the system information can indicate a validity duration for a mask in instances. This may be used if an explicit deactivation of the mask (s) is not included in the system information.
[0062] Figure 2 is an illustration of example mask configurations, according to one or more embodiments. As illustrated, the table 200 can include a mask index 202, a mapped subset of time domain duration 204, and a meaning 206. FIG. 2 illustrates a table that includes common values for both ROs and POs. For example, if the indicated mask index value is 0, then there is no mask and the UE can consider all ROs and POs to be valid. If, however, the mask index is 1, then the mapped subset can be determined based on the SFN, where the ROs and the POs are valid every two frames. For example, for each consecutive pair of frames, the mask can apply for one frame and not apply for the other frame. During the duration of the frame in which the mask is valid, the base station 104 can enter a sleep state.
[0063] Figure 3 is an illustration of example mask configurations, according to one or more embodiments. For FIG. 3, the table 300 includes separate values for POs and ROs. As illustrated, the table 300 can include a mask index 302, a mapped subset of time domain duration 304, and a meaning 306. The table 300 includes different mask index values for POs and ROs. A mask index value of 0 can indicate that no RO mask is to be applied and that all ROs are valid. Furthermore, a mask index value of 16 can indicate that no PO mask is to be applied, and that all POs can be considered valid. A mask index of 1 can indicate that the mapped subset of time domain duration can be determined based on a SFN mod 2 = 0. This can mean that ROs are valid every two frames. For example, for each consecutive pair of frames, the RO mask can apply for one frame and not apply for the other frame. A mask index of 17 can indicate that the mapped subset of time domain duration can be determined based on a SFN mod 2 = 0. This can mean that POs are valid every two frames. For example, for each consecutive pair of frames, the PO mask can apply for one frame and not apply for the other frame.
[0064] Figure 4 is an illustration of example mask configurations, according to one or more embodiments. As illustrated, the table 400 can include a mask index 402, a mapped subset of time domain duration 404, and a meaning 406. For FIG. 4, the mapping can be based on a prach-ConfigurationIndex value. The mask can be used to dynamically change the value ofprach-ConfigurationIndex value, (e.g., the time domain location of RO) . The prach-ConfigurationIndex can indicate SFN and subframes and provide information for the position of a random access preamble. For example, for a mask index value of 0, the mapping can be based on a prach-ConfigurationIndex = 0. This can indicate to the UE to switch to an RO configuration corresponding to prach-ConfigurationIndex = 0.
[0065] Figure 5 is an illustration of example mask configurations, according to one or more embodiments. As illustrated, the table 500 can include a mask index 502, a mapped subset of time domain duration 504, and a meaning 506. The table illustrates using a mask index to indicate to a UE to either use a legacy PO or RO configuration, or use the herein described PO or RO configuration. For example, ifthe mask index value is 0, the UE can use a legacy configuration. If the mask index is 1, the UE can use a legacy PO or RO configuration. Ifthe mask index value is 1, the UE can use the herein described PO or RO configuration.
[0066] Figure 6 is an illustration of group common DCI for indicating RO and PO information, according to one or more embodiments. The group common DCI 600 can include information for multiple cells connected to a network. The group common DCI 600 can use DCI format 2-7 or another UE group common DCI format, including a new group common DCI format. The DCI can include N blocks within each block of every set of cell-specific blocks, the DCI can include one or more bits to indicate a mask (e.g., RACH mask 602, PO mask 604) . The group common DCI 600 can further be used to indicate the validity of a mask (e.g., validity of RACH mask 606, validity of PO mask 608) . As illustrated, the group common DCI can also include a common mapping (e.g., common PO / RO mask 610 / common validity of PO / RO mask 612) .
[0067] In some instances, the validity duration of the mask can be included in the group common DCI 600. In these instances, the value of the validity duration can be configured in system information (e.g., SIB1) . In these instances, the UE may not receive an explicit indication that the mask has been deactivated. In other instances, the group common DCI 600 can include an explicit indication that the mask is deactivated. As illustrated, the group common DCI can include one or more bits to indicate a mask (RACH mask 614, Paging mask 618) . The group common DCI 600 can further include one or more bits to indicate a deactivation of a corresponding mask (e.g., deactivation of RACH mask 616, deactivation of paging mask 620) . Although not illustrated, the group DCI format 600 can also include an explicit indication of a deactivation of a common PO / RO mask.
[0068] In the event that either the UE receives an explicit deactivation of a mask or the validity duration of a mask expires, the UE can either use a legacy RACH or paging configuration. Or the UE can use a new RACH or paging configuration that does not use a mask. Based on whether there are common mappings or separate mappings configured for paging, there can be one set that includes a mask and a validity, or two sets that each include a mask and a validity.
[0069] Figure 7 is an illustration 700 of a set of frames, according to one or more embodiments. The candidate value of the validity duration for the subset indicated by the mask can be configured in system information (e.g., SIB1) . This may be done in accordance with one or more of the following options.
[0070] In a first option, the validity duration may be in units of absolute time. For example, the value of the validity duration can be indicated in system information as N consecutive frames, N consecutive subframes, N consecutive slots, or N consecutive symbols. This indication can be application to a situation in which there is a common mapping for PO and RO.
[0071] In a second option, the validity duration may be in units of RACH occasion periods for RACH. For example, the value of the validity duration for an RO mask can be indicated as N consecutive RACH association periods. In these instances, the reference point can be a SFN of the first frame from a current RACH association, in which the UE receives the validity duration indication.
[0072] In a third option, the validity duration may be in units of paging period for paging. For example, the value of the validity duration for a PO mask can be indicated as N consecutive default paging cycles. The reference point can be the SFN from the current RACH association period whether the UE receives the validity duration indication.
[0073] A DRX cycle 702 is a time duration in which a UE can remain in an active state before entering a low power state. During a DRX ON duration, the UE can monitor for a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) communication 704 during a validity duration 706. The UE can further receive the validity duration indication via the PDCCH communication 704. Furthermore, during validity duration 706, if the UE is monitoring for a reference signal, the UE can assume that any corresponding TRS resource set will be available during the validity duration 706. For example, for a bit “1, ” the UE can assume hat the corresponding TRS resource set (s) are available during the validity duration.
[0074] Figure 8A illustrates an example short message indicator table 800, according to one or more embodiments. The short message indicator table 800 may correspond to Table 7.3.1.2.1-1 of 3GPP TS [need reference] . In some instances, only a 1-bit mask is included in a DCI format for an NES-capable UE IDLE / INACTIVE UEs. For example, the short message indicator corresponding to bit field “10” may be reused as the 1-bit indicator. Figure 8B illustrates an example short message table 802 according to one or more embodiments. In the short message (e.g., 8 bits) payload, a 1-bit indicator can be used if the mapping is a common mapping IE for RACH and paging. As indicated, for bits 5-8, the short message payload indicates “Not used in this release of the specification, and shall be ignored by the UE ifreceived. ” Therefore, as the payload is not being used, the payload can be used to activate a mask. For example, for a common mapping, ifthe bit is set to 1, the PO and RO mask can be activated. If, however, the bit is set to 0, then PO and RO mask can be deactivated. In the instance that there are separate mappings for the RO mask and the PO mask, then bit 5 and bit 6 can be used respectively indicate the mapping for the RO mask and the PO mark.
[0075] In some embodiments, the PO or RO mask may be configured by a new mask index (new-MaskIndex) field that is included in an IE. The IE may be in a SIB for NES-capable IDLE / INACTIVE UEs or in an RRC message (e.g., RRC reconfiguration) for NES-capable CONNECTED UEs.
[0076] Figure 9 is an illustration of an example system information 900, according to one or more embodiments. In the example system information 900, the new-MaskIndex is included as a field of a feature combination preambles (FeatureCombinationPreambles) IE that may be included in a SIB1.
[0077] Once an NES-capable IDLE / INACTIVE UE has selected a serving cell and is camped on the cell, the UE can receive system information from a base station. For example, the base station can broadcast a SIB (e.g., SIB 1) to be received by a group of UEs. The system information can include RO and PO configuration information without masking, which the UE can apply without masking, ifthe UE is configured to support the herein described RO or PO configuration. In some instances, the NES-capable UE can also use an RO configured by legacy RACH configuration to reduce RACH latency. For example, a UE may need to transmit information and a legacy RO may sequentially occur prior in time to the new RO, described herein. In these instances, the UE may not need to wait for the new RO, and rather transmit the information during the legacy RO. If, however, the NES-capable UE is not configured to support the ROs or POs described herein, the UE can use a legacy RP or PO configuration.
[0078] For an NES-capable UE that supports the herein described PO / RO masks, the UE can either receive a mask configuration or an activation of a previously configured mask. For example, a base station can transmit a group common DCI, a short paging message, or RRC IE in system information or a RRCReconfiguration message that includes a configuration or an activation of a mask. In response to receiving the activation or configuration, the NES-capable UE only monitors POs or transmits preamble in ROs during the mask indicated ROs or POs. The mask can be a common mask or separate masks for ROs and POs. The paging frames (PFs) or POs that are to be masked can be based on PCCH-Config-NES information, if configured. Otherwise, the PF or POs that are to be masked can be based on legacy PCCH-Config information. The ROs that are to be masked may be based on a new RACH config, if configured. Otherwise, legacy configuration information can be used for the ROs that are to be masked. The NES-capable UE may also use ROs configured by legacy RACH configuration information. A legacy UE (e.g., a non-NES-capable UE) may use legacy RACH and paging configuration information.
[0079] FIG. 10 is an illustration 1000 of example RO and PO masking, according to one or more embodiments. The illustration 1000 represents a common mapping for both RACH and paging. As illustrated, a sequence of POs 1002 and a sequence of ROs 1004 are illustrated in relation to a sequence of frames. As illustrated, the sequence of POs 1002 and the sequence of ROs 1004 includes a set of POs or ROs that have not been masked followed by a set of masked POs and ROs. For example, at Frame 0, neither of the set of ROs or set of POs have been masked. At Frame 1, FIG. 10 illustrates masked POs and ROs 1006. Using the example, from Figure 3 above, ifthe mask index is 1, then the mapped subset can be determined based on the SFN, where the ROs and the POs are valid every two frames (e.g., Frame 0, Frame 2 and Frame 4) . During the time duration that the POs and ROs are masked (e.g., Frame 1 and Frame 3) the UE does not monitor during a PO and does not transmit during an RO. Furthermore, the base station can enter a sleep state to conserve energy.
[0080] Figure 11 is an illustration of example mask configurations, according to one or more embodiments. The techniques described herein can be extended from the time domain to the frequency domain for ROs. As illustrated, the table 1100 can include a mask index 1102, a mapped subset of frequency domain duration 1104, and a meaning 1106. As an example, a mask index value of 0 can indicate to the UE that no RO mask is to be applied and that all ROs are valid. A mask index value of 1 can indicate to the UE that only the 1 st RO transmitted over an indicated frequency is valid. The base station can transmit configuration information to the UE with different mask index value to indicate the validity of different ROs.
[0081] Figure 12 is an illustration of example mask configurations, according to one or more embodiments. The techniques described herein can be extended from the spatial domain to the frequency domain for ROs. As illustrated, the table 1200 can include a mask index 1202, a mapped subset of spatial domain duration 1204, and a meaning 1206. In some instances, the mask can indicate that valid subsets of SSBs or a channel state information (CSI) -reference signals (RSs) , as illustrated in Figure 13. The mask can be a common mask that is applicable to both RACH and paging. Or there can be an RO mask for RACH and a PO mask paging. In either case each RO or PO that is associated with a masked beam from the base station to the UE can be considered valid. The base station can transmit configuration information regarding the subset of SSBs and CSI-RS that are indicated by the mask to the UE via an RRC communication. For instance, in a situation in which the N used to determine indicated ROs is greater than 1 with respect to a validity duration of an RO mask, the base station can transmit information for valid subsets of SSBs or CSI-RSs. In the instance that N is greater than or equal to 1, the UE can also use legacy mask, as the SSB can uniquely identify a single RO. As an example, a mask index value of 0 can indicate to the UE that no RO or PO mask is to be applied and that all ROs and POs are valid. A mask index value of 1 can indicate to the UE that only the ROs or PMOs that are mapped to a 1 st SB are valid. The base station can also transmit configuration information to the UE with different mask index value to indicate the validity of different ROs.
[0082] Figure 13 is an illustration 1300 of a set ROs mapped to SSBs, according to one or more embodiments. Conventionally, ifN is greater than 1, then multiple ROs can share a single SSB. If, however, N is less than 1, then multiple SSBs can share a single RO. As illustrated, a set of ROs are mapped to various SSBs. Each SSB can include primary synchronization signals (PSs) and secondary synchronization signals (SSS) and a broadcast channel (BCH) . A UE can monitor for SSBs to access information used to access a cell during a cell search operation. For this illustration, each group of ROs is mapped to one SSB (e.g., RO#1 and RO#0 are mapped to SSB 0) . The base station can transmit communication to a UE indicating a mask index value (e.g., mask index value 2) . In this situation the first two SSBs are masked SSBs 1302. Therefore, the RO#0 through RO#2 can be considered valid by the UE. For ROs#3 and greater, the UE can consider the ROs to be invalid along as the duration of the mask valid. Furthermore, the base station can sleep during ROs#3 and greater.
[0083] Figure 14 is an illustration 1400 of a set ROs mapped to SSBs, according to one or more embodiments. As illustrated, a set of ROs are mapped to various SSBs. It can be assumed for Figure 14 that 4 SSBs are assigned as a single SSB group, with sixteen SSB groups in total. The base station can transmit communication to a UE indicating a mask index value (e.g., mask index value 1) . In this situation the first SSB groups (e.g., SSB groups 0-3) are masked SSBs 1402. Therefore, half of the S SBs mapped to RO#0 can be considered valid by the UE.
[0084] Figure 15 is an illustration of example mask configurations, according to one or more embodiments. The techniques described herein can be extended from the spatial domain to the frequency domain for ROs. As illustrated, the table 1500 can include a mask index 1502, a mapped subset of spatial domain duration 1504, and a meaning 1506. As illustrated, the mask indexes may only be applied to ROs, except for mask index value 0, in which both ROs and POs are to be considered valid. For example, the base station can transmit information to a UE indicating that the mask index value is 1. In this instance, for a first SSB group, only the first RO may be considered valid by the UE. During each other RO, the RO can refrain from transmitting information, and the base station can enter a sleep state. As illustrated, the base station can also transmit information indicating other mask index values for different configurations.
[0085] Time-Clustered Paging via UE Subgroup Identifier
[0086] As indicated above, a formula can be used to determine the PFs and POs for paging configuration. See, for example, 3GPP TS 38.304 V18.0.0 (2023-12) . However, rather than using a UE ID, a UE subgroup ID can be used for NES-capable UEs. This can permit a network (e.g., network 106) to configure UEs to monitor different POs and permit a base station (e.g., base station 104) to enter a sleep state based on different UE subgroup sizes. For example, the formula for determining PFs can be modified to:
[0087] SFN + PF_offset mod T = (T div N) * (Group ID mod N) . (3)
[0088] The UE ID can still be used in the PO formula (e.g., equation 2) .
[0089] Alternatively, the Group ID can be used in the PO formula as such:
[0090] i_s= floor (Group ID / N) mod Ns, (4)
[0091] and the UE ID can still be used in the PF formula (e.g., equation 1) .
[0092] In yet another alternative, the Group ID can be used for both the PO formula and the PF formula (e.g., equations 3 and 4) .
[0093] The mechanism used for subgroup ID assignment can be the same mechanism as used for PEI, or a new mechanism can be introduced. An extra PF offset and a new i_s offset can also be introduced to enable a legacy UE to support monitoring of a subset of POs. This may enable use of separate groups of PFs / POs for legacy UEs and UEs that support clustered paging as described herein.
[0094] Embodiments herein describe techniques to permit an NES-capable UE to be mapped to PF or PO based on a subgroup UE ID. Figure 16 is an illustration 1600 of a dedicated offset, according to one or more embodiments. As illustrated, PCCH information can include a new PF offset 1602 and a new PO offset 1604. In some instances, a separate group of PF and POs can be used for legacy UEs and clustered paging (CP) -capable UEs. In the instance that one dedicated offset is provided, each CP-capable UE may use the new offset parameter and ignore the legacy PF offset. The base station can provide configuration information for up to a maxUECategory number of PF or PO offsets. The UE's non-access stratum (NAS) layer may provide UE category information (e.g., via 1-maxUECategory information) , to an access stratum (AS) layer, where the UE category can define a priority of the UE. In some instances, the network can allocate fewer shared POs to a UE with a relatively higher priority. The UE's AS layer can select the dedicated PO or PF offset according to the UE category information provided by the NAS layer. In the event that the UE has not been provided configuration information for a PF or a PO offset, the UE can use legacy paging information.
[0095] Various methods can be used for a subgroup ID assignment. As an SFN can be up to 1024 bytes (e.g., 10 bits) , the subgroup ID should be mod 1024, in the PF or PO formula to determine a Group ID (e.g., Group ID = subgroup ID mod 1024) . In Rel-17 PEI, the max subgroup ID is 8, this may be extended in Rel-19. For the assignment of a subgroup ID, the mechanism for subgroup ID assignment in PEI can be used. This may reduce impacts to technical specifications and may support both core network-based and UE ID-based subgroup IP assignment. In other instances, a new mechanism can be used to assign a subgroup ID. For example, assignment may be performed by using a separate field of a subgroup ID assigned by the access and mobility function (AMF) of a network in a registration accept communication or a UE context medication request message.
[0096] Figure 17 is an illustration 1700 of example paging monitoring behavior, according to one or more embodiments. As indicated above, a group ID can be used to map UEs to PFs. A set of legacy UEs 1702 and a set of CP-capable UEs 1704 are illustrated. The formula used to determine PFs to map the legacy UEs can be SFN + PF_offset mod T = (T div N) * (UE ID mod N) and the formula used to map the CP-capable UEs 1704 can be SFN + NES_PF_offset mod T = (T div N) * (Group ID mod N) . Each of the CP-capable UEs 1704 are illustrated as having legacy UE IDs. Furthermore, the subgroup IDs for the CP-capable UEs 1704 can be assigned as 0. The formula used to determine a mapping between the UEs and a paging occasion can be i_s=floor (UE ID / N) mod Ns. As illustrated, the legacy UEs 1702 are each mapped to a respective PF of the first four PFs. The CP-capable UEs 1704 are each mapped to the first PF of the first four PFs. Ifthe CP-capable UEs 1704 were not assigned the subgroup ID 0 and the UE IDs were used, the CP-capable UEs 1704 would be respectively mapped to the last four paging frames and the base station would not be able to enter a sleep state.
[0097] Figure 18 is an illustration 1800 of example paging monitoring behavior, according to one or more embodiments. The formula used to determine POs to map the legacy UEs 1802 can be i_s= floor (UE ID / N) mod Ns and the formula used to map the CP-capable UE 1804 can be i_s= floor (Group ID / N) mod Ns + i_s_offset. The CP-capable UE 1804 is illustrated as having a legacy UE ID. Furthermore, the subgroup ID for the CP-capable UE 1804 can be assigned as 0 and Ns can be 4. The formula used to determine a mapping between the UEs and a paging frame can be SFN + PF_offset mod T = (T div N) * (UE ID mod N) . As illustrated, using the legacy PO formula, each of the legacy UEs 1802 are respectively assigned to a PO of the first three POs (e.g., PO0, PO 1, and PO2) . If the CP-capable UE 1804 had been mapped to a PO using the legacy PO formula, the CP-capable UE 1804 would have been mapped to PO3, and the base station would not be able to enter a sleep state. As CP-capable UE 1804 has been mapped to a PO using the herein described PO formula, the CP-capable UE 1804 is mapped to PO0.
[0098] Figure 19 is an illustration 1900 of an example legacy paging monitoring behavior, according to one or more embodiments. As illustrated in Figure 19, legacy UEs are mapped to each PO in both frame 1 and frame 2. Therefore, the base station cannot sleep.
[0099] Figure 20 is an illustration 2000 of an example paging monitoring behavior, according to one or more embodiments. In some instances, a group ID can be used for both the PF formula (e.g., SFN + NES_PF_offset mod T = (T div N) * (Group ID mod N) and the PO formula (e.g., i_s= floor (Group ID / N) mod Ns + i_s_offset) . As illustrated, the first four UEs (e.g., UE ID =0 -UE ID = 3) are mapped to a first P0 (e.g., PO0) in a first frame (e.g., frame 0) . Further, the second four UEs (e.g., UE ID 4-UE ID 7) are mapped to a second paging frame (e.g., PO1) in the first frame. This provides the base station with an opportunity to sleep.
[0100] The group ID from PEI can be reused for the PO and PF formulas. Furthermore, both network-based and UE-based group ID allocation can be reused. As the paging formula is not impacted, the PEI configuration can largely be reused. This can include an association between PEI and PO, and a PO monitoring configuration. These techniques permit 3GPP TS 38.304 to keep its formulas while also proving flexibility for network configuration via different subgroup size. Furthermore, an AMF can assign all UEs with the same subgroup ID ifthe network intends to increase NES gain. The AMF can also assign the UEs with similar priority within a single subgroup, such that the mapping of the UEs to the POs / PFs are treated similarly.
[0101] Figure 21 is an example process flow 2100 for RO and PO configuration, according to one or more embodiments. At 2102, the process flow 2100 can include a UE processing configuration information to identify one or more masks. The configuration information can be received in a system information block, downlink control information, or radio resource control message. For example, the UE can process a first system information or a second system information to identify a paging control channel (PCCH) configuration dedicated to network energy-saving (NES) -capable user equipments (UEs) and a physical random access channel (PRACH) configuration dedicated to NES-capable UEs.
[0102] In some embodiments, the UE can process a first system information or a second system information to determine whether a PCCH configuration and a PRACH configuration is used for both non-NES-capable UEs and NES-capable UEs; or separate PCCH configurations and PRACH configurations are to be used for non-NES-capable UEs and NES-capable UEs.
[0103] At 2104, the process flow 2100 can include the UE determining a set of valid ROs and a set of valid POs based on the one or more masks. The one or more masks can a validity duration and the UE can determine the set of valid ROs and the set of valid POs based on the validity duration. The validity duration can be at a frame level, subframe level, slot level, or symbol level. The UE can further determine the valid set of POs based on a paging granularity. In some embodiments, the UE can process DCI to determine the validity duration associated with the one or more masks. In some embodiments, the one or more masks comprises one mask that is a one-bit mask and that is included in DCI. In some embodiments the UE can processing a RRC IE to configure the one or more masks.
[0104] The validity duration can be in N non-consecutive frames, N non-consecutive subframes, N non-consecutive slots, or N non-consecutive symbols, where the validity duration is a common validity duration for the set of valid POs and the set of valid ROs. The validity duration can also be in N consecutive frames, N consecutive subframes, N consecutive slots, or N consecutive symbols, where the validity duration is a common validity duration for the set of valid POs and the set of valid ROs.
[0105] The validity duration can be indicated in system information, where the validity duration is in N consecutive random access channel periods, and where the reference point is a SFN of a first frame from a current random access channel association period. The validity duration can also be in N consecutive default paging cycles, and wherein a reference point is a system frame number of a first paging frame from a current discontinuous reception cycle.
[0106] At 2106, the process flow 2100 can include the UE transmitting a random access preamble in a RO of the set of valid ROs or monitoring a PO of the set of valid POs.
[0107] In some embodiments, the UE can further detect a deactivation or expiration of the one or more masks. The UE can then switch to a legacy random access control channel configuration and a legacy paging configuration, or switch to a maskless random access control channel configuration and a maskless paging configuration.
[0108] In some embodiments, The UE establish a connection with a serving cell. The UE may then enter an IDLE / INACTIVE state while connected to the serving cell. The UE can then determine a second set of valid ROs and a second set of valid POs. for example, the UE can process configuration information to identify a different mask then the one or more masks. The UE can then determine a second set of valid ROs and a second set of valid POs as indicated by the mask different than the one or more masks.
[0109] Figure 22 is an example process flow 2200 for RO and PO configuration, according to one or more embodiments. At 2202, the process flow 2200 can include a UE processing configuration information to identify one or more masks, wherein the one or more masks comprises one mask that provides a frequency for which a RO is valid. The UE can further reduce a bandwidth upon which the UE is to use a RO based on the frequency. For example, the UE can reduce the bandwidth to a threshold bandwidth range that includes the frequency.
[0110] At 2204, the process flow 2200 can include the UE determining a set of valid ROs based on the one or more masks.
[0111] At 2206, the process flow 2200 can include the UE transmitting a random access preamble in a RO of the set of valid ROs.
[0112] Figure 23 illustrates receive components 2300 of the UE 2306, in accordance with some embodiments. The receive components 2300 may include an antenna panel 2304 that includes a number of antenna elements. The panel 2304 is shown with four antenna elements, but other embodiments may include other numbers.
[0113] The antenna panel 2304 may be coupled to analog beamforming (BF) components that include a number of phase shifters 2308 (1) -2308 (4) . The phase shifters 2308 (1) -2308 (4) may be coupled with a radio-frequency (RF) chain 2313. The RF chain 2313 may amplify a receive analog RF signal, downconvert the RF signal to baseband, and convert the analog baseband signal to a digital baseband signal that may be provided to a baseband processor for further processing.
[0114] In various embodiments, control circuitry, which may reside in a baseband processor, may provide BF weights (e.g., W1 -W4) , which may represent phase shift values, to the phase shifters 2308 (1) -2308 (4) to provide a receive beam at the antenna panel 2304. These BF weights may be determined based on the channel-based beamforming.
[0115] Figure 24 illustrates a UE 2400, in accordance with some embodiments. The UE 2400 may be similar to and substantially interchangeable with UE 102 of Figure 1.
[0116] The processors 2404 may include processor circuitry such as, for example, baseband processor circuitry (BB) 2404A, central processor unit circuitry (CPU) 2404B, and graphics processor unit circuitry (GPU) 2404C. The processors 2404 may include any type of circuitry or processor circuitry that executes or otherwise operates computer-executable instructions, such as program code, software modules, or functional processes from memory / storage 2412 to cause the UE 2400 to perform delay-adaptive operations as described herein. The processors 2404 may also include interface circuitry 2404D to communicatively couple the processor circuitry with one or more other components of the UE 2400.
[0117] In some embodiments, the baseband processor circuitry 2404A may access a communication protocol stack 2436 in the memory / storage 2412 to communicate over a 3 GPP compatible network. In general, the baseband processor circuitry 2404A may access the communication protocol stack 2436 to: perform user plane functions at a PHY layer, MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, SDAP layer, and PDU layer; and perform control plane functions at a PHY layer, MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, RRC layer, and a NAS layer. In some embodiments, the PHY layer operations may additionally / alternatively be performed by the components of the RF interface circuitry 2408.
[0118] The baseband processor circuitry 2404A may generate or process baseband signals or waveforms that carry information in 3GPP-compatible networks. In some embodiments, the waveforms for NR may be based on cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) in the uplink or downlink, and discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) in the uplink.
[0119] The memory / storage 2412 may include one or more non-transitory, computer-readable media that includes instructions (for example, communication protocol stack 2436) that may be executed by one or more of the processors 2404 to cause the UE 2400 to perform various delay-adaptive operations described herein.
[0120] The memory / storage 2412 includes any type of volatile or non-volatile memory that may be distributed throughout the UE 2400. In some embodiments, some of the memory / storage 2412 may be located on the processors 2404 themselves (for example, memory / storage 2412 may be part of a chipset that corresponds to the baseband processor circuitry 2404A) , while other memory / storage 2412 is external to the processors 2404 but accessible thereto via a memory interface. The memory / storage 2412 may include any suitable volatile or non-volatile memory such as, but not limited to, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) , static random access memory (SRAM) , erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) , Flash memory, solid-state memory, or any other type of memory device technology.
[0121] The RF interface circuitry 2408 may include transceiver circuitry and a radio frequency front module (RFEM) that allows the UE 2400 to communicate with other devices over a radio access network. The RF interface circuitry 2408 may include various elements arranged in transmit or receive paths. These elements may include, for example, switches, mixers, amplifiers, filters, synthesizer circuitry, and control circuitry.
[0122] In the receive path, the RFEM may receive a radiated signal from an air interface via antenna 2426 and proceed to filter and amplify (with a low-noise amplifier) the signal. The signal may be provided to a receiver of the transceiver that down-converts the RF signal into a baseband signal that is provided to the baseband processor of the processors 2404.
[0123] In the transmit path, the transmitter of the transceiver up-converts the baseband signal received from the baseband processor and provides the RF signal to the RFEM. The RFEM may amplify the RF signal through a power amplifier prior to the signal being radiated across the air interface via the antenna 2426.
[0124] In various embodiments, the RF interface circuitry 2408 may be configured to transmit / receive signals in a manner compatible with NR access technologies.
[0125] The antenna 2426 may include antenna elements to convert electrical signals into radio waves to travel through the air and to convert received radio waves into electrical signals. The antenna elements may be arranged into one or more antenna panels. The antenna 2426 may have antenna panels that are omnidirectional, directional, or a combination thereof to enable beamforming and multiple input, multiple output communications. The antenna 2426 may include microstrip antennas, printed antennas fabricated on the surface of one or more printed circuit boards, patch antennas, or phased array antennas. The antenna 2426 may have one or more panels designed for specific frequency bands including bands in FR1 or FR2.
[0126] The user interface 2416 includes various input / output (I / O) devices designed to enable user interaction with the UE 2400. The user interface 2416 includes input device circuitry and output device circuitry. Input device circuitry includes any physical or virtual means for accepting an input including, inter alia, one or more physical or virtual buttons (for example, a reset button) , a physical keyboard, keypad, mouse, touchpad, touchscreen, microphones, scanner, headset, or the like. The output device circuitry includes any physical or virtual means for showing information or otherwise conveying information, such as sensor readings, actuator position (s) , or other like information. Output device circuitry may include any number or combinations of audio or visual display, including, inter alia, one or more simple visual outputs / indicators (for example, binary status indicators such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) and multi-character visual outputs, or more complex outputs such as display devices or touchscreens (for example, liquid crystal displays (LCDs) , LED displays, quantum dot displays, and projectors) , with the output of characters, graphics, multimedia objects, and the like being generated or produced from the operation of the UE 2400.
[0127] The sensors 2420 may include devices, modules, or subsystems whose purpose is to detect events or changes in their environment and send the information (sensor data) about the detected events to some other device, module, or subsystem. Examples of such sensors include inertia measurement units comprising accelerometers, gyroscopes, or magnetometers; microelectromechanical systems or nanoelectromechanical systems comprising 3-axis accelerometers, 3-axis gyroscopes, or magnetometers; level sensors; flow sensors; temperature sensors (for example, thermistors) ; pressure sensors; barometric pressure sensors; gravimeters; altimeters; image capture devices (for example, cameras or lensless apertures) ; light detection and ranging sensors; proximity sensors (for example, infrared radiation detector and the like) ; depth sensors; ambient light sensors; ultrasonic transceivers; and microphones or other like audio capture devices.
[0128] The driver circuitry 2422 may include software and hardware elements that operate to control particular devices that are embedded in the UE 2400, attached to the UE 2400, or otherwise communicatively coupled with the UE 2400. The driver circuitry 2422 may include individual drivers allowing other components to interact with or control various input / output (I / O) devices that may be present within, or connected to, the UE 2400. For example, driver circuitry 2422 may include a display driver to control and allow access to a display device, a touchscreen driver to control and allow access to a touchscreen interface, sensor drivers to obtain sensor readings of sensors 2420 and control and allow access to sensors 2420, drivers to obtain actuator positions of electro-mechanic components or control and allow access to the electro-mechanic components, a camera driver to control and allow access to an embedded image capture device, audio drivers to control and allow access to one or more audio devices.
[0129] The PMIC 2424 may manage power provided to various components of the UE 2400. In particular, with respect to the processors 2404, the PMIC 2424 may control power-source selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-to-DC conversion.
[0130] A battery 2428 may power the UE 2400, although in some examples the UE 2400 may be mounted deployed in a fixed location and may have a power supply coupled to an electrical grid. The battery 2428 may be a lithium ion battery, a metal-air battery, such as a zinc-air battery, an aluminum-air battery, a lithium-air battery, and the like. In some implementations, such as in vehicle-based applications, the battery 2428 may be a typical lead-acid automotive battery.
[0131] FIG. 25 illustrates a network device 2500 in accordance with some embodiments. The network device 2500 may be similar to and substantially interchangeable with base station 108 or a device of the core network 112 or external data network 120.
[0132] The network device 2500 may include processors 2504, RF interface circuitry 2508 (if implemented as a base station) , core network (CN) interface circuitry 2514, memory / storage circuitry 2512, and antenna structure 2526.
[0133] The components of the network device 2500 may be coupled with various other components over one or more interconnects 2528.
[0134] The processors 2504, RF interface circuitry 2508, memory / storage circuitry 2512 (including communication protocol stack 2510) , antenna structure 2526, and interconnects 2528 may be similar to like-named elements shown and described with respect to FIG. 24.
[0135] The processors 2504 may include processor circuitry such as, for example, baseband processor circuitry (BB) 2504A, central processor unit circuitry (CPU) 2504B, and graphics processor unit circuitry (GPU) 2504C. The processors 2504 may include any type of circuitry or processor circuitry that executes or otherwise operates computer-executable instructions, such as program code, software modules, or functional processes from memory / storage circuitry 2512 to cause the UE 1400 to perform delay-adaptive operations as described herein. The processors 2504 may also include interface circuitry 2504D to communicatively couple the processor circuitry with one or more other components of the network device 2500.
[0136] The CN interface circuitry 2514 may provide connectivity to a core network, for example, a 5th Generation Core network (5GC) using a 5GC-compatible network interface protocol such as carrier Ethernet protocols, or some other suitable protocol. Network connectivity may be provided to / from the network device 2500 via a fiber optic or wireless backhaul. The CN interface circuitry 2514 may include one or more dedicated processors or FPGAs to communicate using one or more of the aforementioned protocols. In some implementations, the CN interface circuitry 2514 may include multiple controllers to provide connectivity to other networks using the same or different protocols.
[0137] It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.
[0138] For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components set forth in one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, or methods as set forth in the example section below. For example, the baseband circuitry as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth below. For another example, circuitry associated with a UE, base station, or network element as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth below in the example section.
[0139] Examples
[0140] In the following sections, further example embodiments are provided.
[0141] Example 1 can include a method comprising: processing configuration information to identify one or more masks; determining a set of valid random access channel occasions (ROs) and a set of valid paging occasions (POs) based on the one or more masks; and transmitting a random access preamble in a RO of the set of valid ROs or monitoring a PO of the set of valid POs.
[0142] Example 2 can include the method of example 1, wherein the configuration information is received in a system information block, downlink control information, or radio resource control message.
[0143] Example 3 can include the method of any of examples 1 or 2, further comprising: processing a first system information or a second system information to identify a paging control channel (PCCH) configuration dedicated to network energy-saving (NES) -capable user equipments (UEs) and a physical random access channel (PRACH) configuration dedicated to NES-capable UEs.
[0144] Example 4 can include the method of any of examples 1-3, further comprising: processing a first system information or a second system information to determine whether a PCCH configuration and a PRACH configuration is used for both non-NES-capable UEs and NES-capable UEs; or separate PCCH configurations and PRACH configurations are to be used for non-NES-capable UEs and NES-capable UEs.
[0145] Example 5 can include the method of any of examples 1-4, wherein the one or more masks comprises one mask that provides a validity duration and the method further comprises: determining the set of valid ROs and the set of valid POs based on the validity duration.
[0146] Example 6 can include the method of example 5, wherein the validity duration is at a frame level, subframe level, slot level, or symbol level.
[0147] Example 7 can include the method of any of examples 1-6, wherein the one or more masks comprises a first mask that provides a validity duration and a second mask that provides a paging granularity and the method further comprises: determining the set of valid ROs based on the validity duration; and determining the set of valid POs based on the paging granularity.
[0148] Example 8 can include the method of any of examples 1-7, further comprising: processing downlink control information to determine a validity duration associated with the one or more masks.
[0149] Example 9 can include the method of example 8, further comprising: detecting a deactivation or expiration of the one or more masks; and switching to a legacy random access control channel configuration and a legacy paging configuration, or switching to a maskless random access control channel configuration and a maskless paging configuration.
[0150] Example 10 can include the method of any of examples 1-9, wherein the one or more masks comprises one mask that provides a validity duration indicated in system information, wherein the validity duration is in N frames, N subframes, N slots, or N symbols, and wherein the validity duration is a common validity duration for the set of valid POs and the set of valid ROs.
[0151] Example 11 can include the method of any of examples 1-9, wherein the one or more masks comprises one mask that provides a validity duration indicated in system information, wherein the validity duration is in N consecutive frames, N consecutive subframes, N consecutive slots, or N consecutive symbols, and wherein the validity duration is a common validity duration for the set of valid POs and the set of valid ROs.
[0152] Example 12 can include the method of any of examples 1-9, wherein the one or more masks comprises one mask that provides a validity duration indicated in system information, wherein the validity duration is in N consecutive random access channel periods, and wherein a reference point is a system frame number of a first frame from a current random access channel association period.
[0153] Example 13 can include the method of any of examples 1-9, wherein the one or more masks comprises one mask that provides a validity duration indicated in system information, wherein the validity duration is in N consecutive default paging cycles, and wherein a reference point is a system frame number of a first paging frame from a current discontinuous reception cycle.
[0154] Example 14 can include the method of any of examples 1-13, wherein the one or more masks comprises one mask that is a one-bit mask that is included in downlink control information.
[0155] Example 15 can include the method of any of examples 1-14, further comprising: processing a radio resource control information element to configure the one or more masks.
[0156] Example 16 can include the method of any of examples 1-15, further comprising: establishing a connection with a serving cell; entering an IDLE / INACTIVE state while connected to the serving cell; and determining a second set of valid ROs and a second set of valid POs.
[0157] Example 17 can include the method of any of examples 1-16, further comprising: determining a second set of valid ROs and a second set of valid POs while in a CONNECTED state.
[0158] Example 18 can include the method of any of examples 1-17, further comprising: processing configuration information to identify a mask different than the one or more masks; and determining a second set of valid ROs and a second set of valid POs as indicated by the mask different than the one or more masks.
[0159] Example 19 can include an apparatus comprising: memory having instructions; processing circuitry coupled with the memory to execute the instructions to perform the steps of any of the examples 1-18.
[0160] Example 20 can include one or more non-transitory, computer-readable media including instructions that, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the steps of any of examples 1-18.
[0161] Example 21 includes a method, comprising: processing configuration information to identify one or more masks, wherein the one or more masks comprises one mask that provides a frequency for which a random access channel occasion (RO) is valid; determining a set of valid ROs based at least in part on the one or more masks; and transmitting a random access preamble in a RO of the set of valid ROs.
[0162] Example 22 can include the method of example 21, further comprising; reducing a bandwidth based at least in part on the set of valid ROs.
[0163] Example 23 can include an apparatus comprising: memory having instructions; processing circuitry coupled with the memory to execute the instructions to perform the steps of any of the examples 21 or 22.
[0164] Example 24 can include one or more non-transitory, computer-readable media including instructions that, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the steps of any of examples 21 or 22.
[0165] Example 25 can include a method, comprising: processing configuration information to identify one or more masks, wherein the one or more masks comprises one mask that indicates a subset of a synchronization signal block or channel state information-reference signal; determining a set of valid random access channel occasions (ROs) and a set of valid paging occasions (POs) based at least in part on the one or more masks; and transmitting a random access preamble in a RO of the set of valid ROs or monitoring a PO of the set of valid POs.
[0166] Example 26 can include the method of example 25, wherein one of the synchronization signal block or channel state information-reference signal is configured via radio resource control.
[0167] Example 27 can include an apparatus comprising: memory having instructions; processing circuitry coupled with the memory to execute the instructions to perform the steps of any of the examples 25 or 26.
[0168] Example 28 can include one or more non-transitory, computer-readable media including instructions that, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the steps of any of examples 25 or 26.
[0169] Example 29 can include a method, comprising: receiving system information indicating to use a user equipment group identifier for paging mapping, wherein the paging mapping is paging occasion (PO) mapping or paging frame (PF) mapping; identifying a set of POs or a set of PFs based at least in part on the UE group ID; and monitoring for a paging message during at least one of the set of POs or the set of PFs.
[0170] Example 30 can include the method example 29, further comprising: identifying an assigned subgroup identifier via a paging early indication or via an access and mobility function communication.
[0171] Example 31 can include the method of any of examples 29 or 30, further comprising: deriving the PF mapping using the following: system frame number + network energy-saving PF offset) mod T = (T div N) *Group ID mod N, wherein N is a total number of POs during a discontinuous reception cycle, and wherein T is a duration of the discontinuous reception cycle.
[0172] Example 32 can include the method of any of examples 29-31, further comprising: deriving the PO mapping using the following: i_s= floor (Group ID / N) mod Ns + i_s offset, wherein N is a total number of POs during a discontinuous reception cycle, wherein Ns equals Max (l, nB / T) , wherein T is a duration of the discontinuous reception cycle, and wherein nB is determined from system information.
[0173] Example 33 can include the method of any of examples 29-31, further comprising: deriving the PO mapping using the following: (system frame number + network energy saving PF offset) mod T = (T div N) *Group ID mod N and i_s= floor (Group ID / N) mod Ns + i_s offset, wherein N is a total number of POs during a discontinuous reception cycle, wherein Ns equals Max (l, nB / T) , and wherein T is a duration of the discontinuous reception cycle.
[0174] Example 34 can include an apparatus comprising: memory having instructions; processing circuitry coupled with the memory to execute the instructions to perform the steps of any of the examples 29-34.
[0175] Example 35 can include one or more non-transitory, computer-readable media including instructions that, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the steps of any of examples 29-34.
[0176] Example 36 can include a method, comprising: identifying a group identifier (ID) via a paging early indication (PEI) to be used for paging occasion (PO) mapping and paging frame (PF) mapping; identifying at least one of a set of POs and a set of PFs based at least in part on the UE group ID; and monitoring during at least one of the identified set of POs and the identified set of PFs.
[0177] Example 37 can include the method of example 36, further comprising: deriving the PO mapping using the following: i_PO = ( (Group ID mod N) *Ns + i_s) mod po-NumbPerPEI, wherein N is a total number of POs during a discontinuous reception cycle, wherein Ns equals Max (1, nB / T) , and wherein T is a duration of the discontinuous reception cycle.
[0178] Example 38 can include an apparatus comprising: memory having instructions; processing circuitry coupled with the memory to execute the instructions to perform the steps of any of the examples 36 or 37.
[0179] Example 39 can include one or more non-transitory, computer-readable media including instructions that, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the steps of any of examples 36 or 37.
[0180] Any of the above-described examples may be combined with any other example (or combination of examples) , unless explicitly stated otherwise. The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments.
[0181] Although the embodiments above have been described in considerable detail, numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such variations and modifications.
Claims
1.A method comprising:processing configuration information to identify one or more masks;determining a set of valid random access channel occasions (ROs) and a set of valid paging occasions (POs) based on the one or more masks; andtransmitting a random access preamble in a RO of the set of valid ROs or monitoring a PO of the set of valid POs.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration information is received in a system information block, downlink control information, or radio resource control message.3.The method of any one of claims 1-2, further comprising:processing a first system information or a second system information to identify a paging control channel (PCCH) configuration dedicated to network energy-saving (NES) -capable user equipments (UEs) and a physical random access channel (PRACH) configuration dedicated to NES-capable UEs.4.The method of any one of claims 1-2, further comprising:processing a first system information or a second system information to determine whether a PCCH configuration and a PRACH configuration is used for both non-NES-capable UEs and NES-capable UEs; or separate PCCH configurations and PRACH configurations are to be used for non-NES-capable UEs and NES-capable UEs.5.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the one or more masks comprises one mask that provides a validity duration and the method further comprises:determining the set of valid ROs and the set of valid POs based on the validity duration.6.The method of claim 5, wherein the validity duration is at a frame level, subframe level, slot level, or symbol level.7.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the one or more masks comprises a first mask that provides a validity duration and a second mask that provides a paging granularity and the method further comprises:determining the set of valid ROs based on the validity duration; anddetermining the set of valid POs based on the paging granularity.8.The method of any one of claims 1-2, further comprising:processing downlink control information to determine a validity duration associated with the one or more masks.9.The method of claim 8, further comprising:detecting a deactivation or expiration of the one or more masks; andswitching to a legacy random access control channel configuration and a legacy paging configuration, or switching to a maskless random access control channel configuration and a maskless paging configuration.10.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the one or more masks comprises one mask that provides a validity duration indicated in system information, wherein the validity duration is in N frames, N subframes, N slots, or N symbols, and wherein the validity duration is a common validity duration for the set of valid POs and the set of valid ROs.11.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the one or more masks comprises one mask that provides a validity duration indicated in system information, wherein the validity duration is in N consecutive frames, N consecutive subframes, N consecutive slots, or N consecutive symbols, and wherein the validity duration is a common validity duration for the set of valid POs and the set of valid ROs.12.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the one or more masks comprises one mask that provides a validity duration indicated in system information, wherein the validity duration is in N consecutive random access channel periods, and wherein a reference point is a system frame number of a first frame from a current random access channel association period.13.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the one or more masks comprises one mask that provides a validity duration indicated in system information, wherein the validity duration is in N consecutive default paging cycles, and wherein a reference point is a system frame number of a first paging frame from a current discontinuous reception cycle.14.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the one or more masks comprises one mask that is a one-bit mask that is included in downlink control information.15.The method of any one of claims 1-2, further comprising:processing a radio resource control information element to configure the one or more masks.16.The method of any one of claims 1-2, further comprising:establishing a connection with a serving cell;entering an IDLE / INACTIVE state while connected to the serving cell; anddetermining a second set of valid ROs and a second set of valid POs.17.The method of any one of claims 1-2, further comprising:determining a second set of valid ROs and a second set of valid POs while in a CONNECTED state.18.The method of any one of claims 1-2, further comprising:processing configuration information to identify a mask different than the one or more masks; anddetermining a second set of valid ROs and a second set of valid POs as indicated by the mask different than the one or more masks.19.An apparatus comprising:memory having instructions;processing circuitry coupled with the memory to execute the instructions to:process configuration information to identify one or more masks, wherein the one or more masks comprises one mask that provides a frequency for which a random access channel occasion (RO) is valid;determine a set of valid ROs based at least in part on the one or more masks; andtransmit a random access preamble in a RO of the set of valid ROs.20.The apparatus of claim 19, the instructions further to:reduce a bandwidth based at least in part on the set of valid ROs.21.One or more computer-readable media including instructions that, when executed, cause an apparatus to:process configuration information to identify one or more masks, wherein the one or more masks comprises one mask that indicates a subset of a synchronization signal block or channel state information-reference signal;determine a set of valid random access channel occasions (ROs) and a set of valid paging occasions (POs) based at least in part on the one or more masks; andtransmit a random access preamble in a RO of the set of valid ROs or monitoring a PO of the set of valid POs.22.The one or more computer-readable media of claim 21, wherein one of the synchronization signal block or channel state information-reference signal is configured via radio resource control.23.A method, comprising:receiving system information indicating to use a user equipment group identifier for paging mapping, wherein the paging mapping is paging occasion (PO) mapping or paging frame (PF) mapping;identifying a set of POs or a set of PFs based at least in part on the UE group ID; andmonitoring for a paging message during at least one of the set of POs or the set of PFs.24.The method of claim 23, further comprising:identifying an assigned subgroup identifier via a paging early indication or via an access and mobility function communication.25.The method of any one of claims 23-24, further comprising:deriving the PF mapping using the following: system frame number + network energy-saving PF offset) mod T = (T div N) *Group ID mod N, wherein N is a total number of POs during a discontinuous reception cycle, and wherein T is a duration of the discontinuous reception cycle.26.The method of any one of claims 23-24, further comprising:deriving the PO mapping using the following: i_s= floor (Group ID / N) mod Ns + i_soffset, wherein N is a total number of POs during a discontinuous reception cycle, wherein Ns equals Max (1, nB / T) , wherein T is a duration of the discontinuous reception cycle, and wherein nB is determined from system information.27.The method of any one of claims 23-24 further comprising:deriving the PO mapping using the following: (system frame number + network energy saving PF offset) mod T = (T div N) *Group ID mod N and i_s= floor (Group ID / N) mod Ns + i_soffset, wherein N is a total number of POs during a discontinuous reception cycle, wherein Ns equals Max (1, nB / T) , and wherein T is a duration of the discontinuous reception cycle.28.A method, comprising:identifying a group identifier (ID) via a paging early indication (PEI) to be used for paging occasion (PO) mapping and paging frame (PF) mapping;identifying at least one of a set of POs and a set of PFs based at least in part on the UE group ID; andmonitoring during at least one of the identified set of POs and the identified set of PFs.29.The method of claim 28, further comprising:deriving the PO mapping using the following: i_PO = ( (Group ID mod N) *Ns + i_s) mod po-NumbPerPEI, wherein N is a total number of POs during a discontinuous reception cycle, wherein Ns equals Max (1, nB / T) , and wherein T is a duration of the discontinuous reception cycle.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Enhanced configuration for physical random access channel mask and random access response window
WO2021087850A1
Cell wake-up via RACH for network power savings
WO2023044206A1