Synchronization at device for communication
By transmitting time information in activation signals, network devices synchronize IoT devices, reducing power consumption and interference, addressing the inefficiencies in ambient IoT communication.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077303
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-16
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-21
AI Technical Summary
Ambient IoT devices face high power consumption due to unnecessary wake-ups to detect activation signals, and there is no effective synchronization mechanism with network devices in cellular systems, leading to inefficient power usage and potential interference.
A synchronization mechanism where network devices transmit time information within activation signals to IoT devices, allowing them to synchronize and reduce power consumption by waking up only when necessary.
This approach reduces IoT device power consumption and ensures coexistence with cellular communication by enabling precise synchronization without complex synchronization circuits.
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Figure CN2024077303_21082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SYNCHRONIZATION AT DEVICE FOR COMMUNICATIONFIELD
[0001] Various example embodiments relate to the field of communication and in particular, to devices, methods, apparatuses and a computer readable storage medium for synchronization at a device for communication.BACKGROUND
[0002] A communication network can be seen as a facility that enables communications between two or more communication devices, or provides communication devices access to a data network. A mobile or wireless communication network is one example of a communication network. A communication device may be provided with a service by an application server.
[0003] Such communication networks operate in according with standards such as those provided by 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) or ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) . Examples of standards are the so-called 5G (5th Generation) standards provided by 3GPP.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for synchronization at a device for communication, especially for synchronization at an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device for ambient IoT communication.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program codes. The at least one memory and the computer program codes are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the first device at least to: obtain time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by the first device; and transmit the activation signal comprising the time information.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program codes. The at least one memory and the computer program codes are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the second device to: receive, from a first device, an activation signal comprising time information of a time point at which the activation signal is transmitted by the first device; and perform a synchronization operation based on the time information.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a third device. The third device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program codes. The at least one memory and the computer program codes are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the third device to: determine first information related to time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by a first device; and transmit the first information to the first device.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method implemented at a first device. The method comprises: obtaining time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by the first device; and transmitting the activation signal comprising the time information.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a method implemented at a second device. The method comprises: receiving, from a first device, an activation signal comprising time information of a time point at which the activation signal is transmitted by the first device; and performing a synchronization operation based on the time information.
[0010] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a method implemented at a third device. The method comprises: determining first information related to time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by a first device; and transmitting the first information to the first device.
[0011] In a seventh aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising: means for obtaining time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by the first device; and means for transmitting the activation signal comprising the time information.
[0012] In an eighth aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising: means for receiving, from a first device, an activation signal comprising time information of a time point at which the activation signal is transmitted by the first device; and means for performing a synchronization operation based on the time information.
[0013] In a ninth aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising: means for determining first information related to time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by a first device; and means for transmitting the first information to the first device.
[0014] In a tenth aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to any one of the above fourth to sixth aspect.
[0015] In an eleventh aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus at least to perform at least the method according to according to any one of the fourth aspect to sixth aspect.
[0016] In a twelfth aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises: obtaining circuitry configured to obtain time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by the first device; and transmitting circuitry configured to transmit the activation signal comprising the time information.
[0017] In a thirteenth aspect, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises: receiving circuitry configured to receive, from a first device, an activation signal comprising time information of a time point at which the activation signal is transmitted by the first device; and performing circuitry configured to perform a synchronization operation based on the time information.
[0018] In a fourteenth aspect, there is provided a third device. The third device comprises: determining circuitry configured to determine first information related to time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by a first device; and transmitting circuitry configured to transmit the first information to the first device.
[0019] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0021] Fig. 1 illustrates an example communication network in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0022] Fig. 2 illustrates a flowchart illustrating a process for synchronization according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] Fig. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of a timing number according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] Fig. 4 illustrates another flowchart illustrating a process for synchronization according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] Fig. 5 illustrates another flowchart illustrating a process for synchronization according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] Fig. 6 illustrates another flowchart illustrating a process for synchronization according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] Fig. 7 illustrates another flowchart illustrating a process for synchronization according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] Fig. 8 illustrates another flowchart illustrating a process for synchronization according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] Fig. 9 illustrates another flowchart illustrating a process for synchronization according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0030] Fig. 10 illustrates another flowchart illustrating a process for synchronization according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0031] Fig. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a terminal device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0032] Fig. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a network device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0033] Fig. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a network device according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0034] Fig. 14 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0035] FIG. 15 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer readable medium in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0036] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0037] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0038] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0039] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0040] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0041] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0042] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:
[0043] (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and
[0044] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0045] (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and
[0046] (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and
[0047] (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0048] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0049] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the future fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0050] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology.
[0051] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0052] As used herein, the term “activator” may be the above-mentioned terminal devices or network devices. By way of example rather than limitation, activator may also be referred to as illuminator, exciter and scanner. The term “IoT device” refers to any above-mentioned terminal devices that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, IoT device may also be referred to as ambient IoT (AIoT) device, tag and passive IoT device. It should be noted that although various embodiments of the present disclosure are described in the context of AIoT devices and AIoT communications, the embodiments of the present disclosure can be equally applied to any other communication devices or apparatuses, for example, normal UEs.
[0053] AIoT communication (e.g. RFID) is event triggered. For example, RFID always tries to detect preamble of activation signal if having enough energy. But only when an RFID is very close to a scanner, ambient IoT communication between them is started. However, for ambient IoT communication under cellular communication system desires large coverage. This may cause a lot of false alarms at AIoT device (e.g. tag) . When there are activation signals to other AIoT devices, the AIoT device may unnecessarily wake up to detect preamble and then decode control signaling to decide whether activation signal is for itself or not. This may drastically increase power consumption. Thus the AIoT device shouldn’ t be always on and may only wake up when needed (e.g. wake up to receive periodic activation signals) . To determine when to wake up, the AIoT device should synchronize to network device and keep a clock synchronized to network device at least roughly under cellular communication system. However, there is no solution for the synchronization of AIoT devices and network device in cellular systems.
[0054] In order to allow a device (such as an IoT device or an AIoT device) to obtain a rough time synchronization so that the IoT device can wake up to receive the communication of interest, in some embodiments of this disclosure, a scheme is proposed that allows a device, for example, a device, such as an IoT device, can receive the information about network device timing by receiving the information periodically (or on request, or opportunistically) . It should be noted that this can be provided directly by network device as an activator, or by UE as an activator (as an intermediate node) .
[0055] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a solution for synchronization at a device for communication, especially for synchronization at an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device for ambient IoT communication. In the communication, network device may transmit its own time information to activator. The activator may include time information related to the network device within activation signal and transmit activation signal to its corresponding IoT device. The IoT device may utilize time information for synchronization. In this way, it can ensure coexistence between ambient transmission and cellular communication, and significantly reduce IoT device power consumption.
[0056] Principles and embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Reference is first made to Fig. 1, which illustrates an example communication system 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. The system 100 includes a third device 110. For example, the third device 110 can be a network device 110. The third device 110 serves coverage area 150 (also called as cell 150) using different frequency bands. Such a frequency band may also be referred to as an operating frequency band of the corresponding network device.
[0057] The system 100 also includes: one or more first devices 120. The first devices 120 (such as first devices 120-1 and 120-2, also collectively referred to as first devices 120) may be the activators 120.
[0058] The system 100 also includes: one or more second devices 130 corresponding to one or more first devices 120 respectively. The second devices 130 (such as second devices 130-1 and 130-2, also collectively referred to as second devices 130) may be the IoT devices 130.
[0059] The system 100 also includes: one or more readers 140 corresponding to one or more second devices 130 respectively (such as reader 140-1 and 140-2, also collectively referred to as readers 140) , and UE 160. The network device 110 is capable to connect and communicate with the IoT devices 130 via the activators 120. The IoT devices 130 may communicate with network device 110 via reader devices 140.
[0060] As used herein, the second device 130 (the IoT device 130) may represent multiple second devices or one single second device. The first device 120 (the activator 120) may represent multiple first devices or one first device. The reader 140 may represent multiple readers or one reader.
[0061] The network device 110 is capable to connect directly with UE 160. Thus, for synchronization in cellular systems, the UE 160 may synchronize to by receiving and processing synchronization signals (i.e., periodic SSBs (synchronization signal block) including PSS (Primary Synchronization Signal) / SSS (Secondary Synchronization Signal) and PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) ) from the network devices 110.
[0062] However, due to the following reasons, IoT devices 130 may not synchronize with network device 110 through this mechanism. The first reason is that IoT devices 130 may require low power consumption at the level of uW. Power consumption is too high with correlation based on SSBs including PSS / SSS and PBCH. The second reason is that related synchronization circuit is too complex when considering that IoT devices 130 are expected to be very simple and therefore cheap, and adding such a synchronization circuit would increase not only the IoT device 130 cost as well as the power consumption requirements associated with powering up that same synchronization circuit. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a solution for synchronizing IoT devices with network device in cellular communication systems.
[0063] It is to be understood that the number of network device, activators, IoT devices, reader devices, and UEs is only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations. The system 100 may include any suitable number of network device, activators, IoT devices, reader devices, and UEs adapted for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. Although not shown, it would be appreciated that one or more activators, IoT devices, reader devices, and UEs may be located in the cell 150.
[0064] Communications in the communication system 100 may be implemented according to any proper communication protocol (s) , comprising, but not limited to, cellular communication protocols of the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) and the fifth generation (5G) and on the like, wireless local network communication protocols such as Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and the like, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Moreover, the communication may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , Time Division Duplex (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM) , Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) and / or any other technologies currently known or to be developed in the future.
[0065] Reference is now made to Fig. 2, which shows a process 200 for synchronization at IoT device for IoT communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 200 will be described with reference to Fig. 1. The process 200 may involve the network device 110, the activators 120, the IoT devices 130 as illustrated in Fig. 1.
[0066] In the process 200, the network device 110 determines 220 first information related to time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by an activator 120. The network device 110 transmits 240 the first information to the activator 120. Accordingly, the activator 120 can receive the first information from the network device 110, and then derive the time information. In some embodiments, the activator 120 can obtain the time information in other manners, for example, locally determining the time information at the activator 120. Such examples will be described later. Upon obtaining the time information related to first information, the activator 120 transmit 260 the activation signal comprising the time information. For example, an activation signal transmitted from an activator to a IoT device at t, time information on t is included in the activation signal. As an example, time information may be included as a part of control message of the activation signal. The control message may be at the beginning of the activation signal. Upon receipt of the activation signal, the IoT device 130 performs 280 a synchronization operation based on the time information.
[0067] In some embodiments, the time information may be represented by at least part of timing numbers of the network device 110 associated with the activator 120, and the timing numbers may from large granularity to small granularity. These timing numbers from large to small granularity (e.g., Hyper-SFN (system frame number) , SFN, subframe number, to symbol number for 15kHz SCS (subcarrier spacing) , or Hyper-SFN, SFN, subframe number, slot number, to symbol number for 30kHz or larger SCS ) form an ordered bit sequence. Part (consecutive bits) of the ordered bit sequence can be used as time information. In some embodiments, if transmission of activation signal starts at the beginning of a subframe, time information on t may be the starting subframe number.
[0068] In some embodiments, in an activation signal transmitted from an activator to a IoT device at t, time information on t may be included in the activation signal, Time information on t may be start of the activation signal. In some embodiments, the time information may be provided based on the sequence used for the activation signal. For example, with 8 possible activation sequences then three bits can be encoded to represent the time information.
[0069] In some embodiments, a representation of time information is set based on the time information is set based on a clock drift speed of the IoT device 130, a time difference between two activation signals, and / or required synchronization accuracy of the IoT device 130. As an example, the two activation signals can be two adjacent activation signals. In some embodiments, network device 110 or the IoT device 130 may determine a most significant bit (MSB) of the time information in the timing numbers (e.g., Hyper-SFN, SFN, subframe number, and symbol number) based on the clock drift speed of the IoT devices 130 and the time difference between the two activation signals. the network device 110 or the IoT device 130 may determine a least significant bit (LSB) of the time information based on the required synchronization accuracy of the IoT device 130. As an example, if transmission from the IoT devices 130 starts from the beginning of a subframe, symbol number is not needed.
[0070] Reference is now made to Fig. 3, which illustrates a schematic diagram of a timing numbers 300 according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Timing numbers 300 comprises: hyper-SFN, SFN, subframe number, and symbol number for 5G cellular systems. As an example, if any IoT devices 130 under the network devices 110 calibrates its clock at least once a day, considering ordinary quartz clocks normally drift by 1 second in 11–12 days and a system frame is 10ms, time information representation may comprise the lowest 5 bits of system frame number and 4 bits of subframe number, as illustrated in the Fig. 3. Thus, for example, the time information may be represented as “111110011” .
[0071] The process of how the network devices 110 or the IoT devices 130 set representation of the time information will be further discussed with Figs. 4 and 5. Reference is now made to Fig. 4, which shows another process 400 for synchronization at IoT device for IoT communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 400 will be described with reference to Fig. 1. The process 400 may involve the network device 110, the activators 120, the IoT devices 130 as illustrated in Fig. 1.
[0072] In Fig. 4, the network device 110 may set representation of the time information. In the process 400, the network device 110 may set 201 representation of the time information. Then the network device 110 may transmit 202 information on the representation of the time information set by the network device 110 to the IoT device 130 that is to receive the activation signal. Alternatively, the network devices 110 may transmit information on the representation of the time information set by the network device 110 to the activator 120 and the IoT devices 130 that is to receive the activation signal. The network device 110 determines 220 first information related to time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by the activator 120. Network device 110 transmits 240 the first information to activator 120. Upon obtaining the time information related to first information, activator 120 transmits 260 the activation signal comprising the time information. Upon receipt of the activation signal, the IoT device 130 performs 280 a synchronization operation based on the time information.
[0073] Reference is now made to Fig. 5, which shows another process 500 for synchronization at IoT device for IoT communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 500 will be described with reference to Fig. 1. The process 500 may involve the network device 110, the activators 120, the IoT devices 130 as illustrated in Fig. 1.
[0074] In Fig. 5, the IoT device 130 may set representation of the time information. In the process 500, the IoT device 130 may set 203 representation of the time information. Then, the IoT device 130 may transmit 204 information on the representation of the time information set by the IoT device 130 to network device 110 associated with the IoT devices. In some embodiments, the information on the representation of the time information is included in a request message for requesting time information to be included in the activation signal. The network device 110 determines 220 first information related to time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by the activator 120. Network device 110 transmits 240 the first information to activator 120. Upon obtaining the time information related to first information, activator 120 transmits 260 the activation signal comprising the time information. Upon receipt of the activation signal, the IoT device 130 performs 280 a synchronization operation based on the time information.
[0075] In some embodiments, the activation signal transmitted from the activator 120 to the IoT device 130 may comprise information on a time difference between the transmission of the activation signal and transmission of a previous activation signal. This time difference may comprise a remainder determined based on dividing an absolute time difference by a period of representation of the time information. It should be noted that, the information on this time difference is encoded based on a sequence for the activation signal.
[0076] In some embodiments, for centralized scheduling (the network device 110 directly schedules resource for activation signal) , the first information may comprise scheduling information related to the activation signal. The scheduling information may include the time information. In this scenario, the activator 120 (for example, the activator 120 is a UE) may receive scheduling information related to the activation signal. Then the activator 120 may obtain time information from this scheduling information. It should be noted that, the scheduling information includes at least one of time and frequency resource.
[0077] Alternatively, in some embodiments, for semi-autonomous scheduling, the time information is first time information and the first information may comprise scheduling information related to the activation signal. This scheduling information may comprise time information on an allowed starting transmission time point of the activation signal. In this scenario, the activator 120 may receive scheduling information related to the activation signal. Then the activator 120 may obtain second time information on an allowed starting transmission time point of the activation signal from this scheduling information. The activator 120 may derive the first time information (i.e., time information in this scenario) based on an offset from the allowed starting transmission time point to an actual starting transmission time point of the activation signal.
[0078] Alternatively, in some embodiments, for semi-autonomous scheduling, the time information is first time information and the first information may comprise scheduling information related to the activation signal. This scheduling information may comprise time information on an allowed transmission time interval of the activation signal. In this scenario, the activator 120 may receive scheduling information related to the activation signal. Then the activator 120 may obtain second time information on an allowed transmission time interval of the activation signal from this scheduling information. The activator 120 may derive the first time information (i.e., time information in this scenario) based on an actual starting transmission time point of the activation signal within the allowed transmission time interval.
[0079] Alternatively, in some embodiments, obtaining of the first information by the activator 120 may comprise deriving the first time information based on at least one signal and / or at least one channel transmitted from a third device. For example, the signal may be at least one SSB including PSS / SSS, and the at least one channel may be PBCH. Then the activator 120 may use its local clock to derive the time information.
[0080] In some embodiments, the IoT device 130 may set a starting time point and an ending time point of transmission from the IoT device 130, based on elapsed time from the receiving of the activation signal and a clock drift speed of the IoT device 130. In this way, coexistence may be ensured between IoT device transmission and cellular communication such that they won’ t interfere with each other due to timing misalignment.
[0081] In some scenarios, the IoT device may perform synchronization by using time information included in any received activation signals from any activators. In some embodiments, the activation signal is for the IoT device, other IoT device (s) , a common activation signal for all the IoT devices (e.g., served by a network device) or a group of IoT devices (e.g., same service served by a network device) . The activator transmitting the activation signal may be an activator associated with the IoT device, or an activator associated with other IoT device (s) .
[0082] In some embodiments, when the activation signal is for at least one second device other than the second device to perform the synchronization. In these embodiments, before using time information included in any received activation signals for at least one IoT device, the IoT device may first determine the condition that the activators transmitting the activation signals are under the same network device or the network devices (for example, adjacent network devices) serving the activators are synchronized.
[0083] Reference is now made to Fig. 6, which shows another process 600 for synchronization at IoT device for IoT communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 600 will be described with reference to Fig. 1. The process 600 may involve the network device 110, the activator 120-1, and the IoT device 130-1 as illustrated in Fig. 1.
[0084] The network device 110 may transmit 205 an index or an identity of the network device 110 to the activator 120-1. As an example, for cellular systems, at least one of nr-PhysCellID, nr-ARFCN, nr-CellGlobalID may be used as an identity of the network device 110. The network device 110 determines 220 first information related to time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by the activator 120-1. Network device 110 transmits 240 the first information to activator 120-1. Upon obtaining the time information related to first information, activator 120-1 transmit 260 the activation signal comprising the time information. In the meantime, the activators 120-1 may also transmit 206 the index or the identity of the network device 110 associated with the activator 120-1 together with the time information to the IoT device 130-1. Thus, the IoT device 130-1 may receive index or identity of the network device 110. Then IoT device 130-1 may use the index or identity of the network devices 110 to determine whether time information in other activation signals are from the same network device. If the index or identity of the network device is same, the IoT device 130-1 may determine to perform 280 a synchronization operation based on the time information.
[0085] Referring back to Fig. 1, there are two activators 120-1 and 120-2, IoT devices 130-1 and 130-2 corresponding to the two activators 120-1 and 120-2 and network device 110. IoT device 130-1 is associated with activator 120-1. IoT device 130-1 exploits the time information in the activation signal at t_1 from its associated activator (the activator 120-1) and the time information in the activation signal at t_2 from another activator (the activator 120-2) for IoT device synchronization.
[0086] Reference is now made to Fig. 7, which shows another process 700 for synchronization at IoT device for IoT communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 700 will be described with reference to Fig. 1. The process 700 may involve the two activators 120-1 and 120-2, the IoT devices 130-1 and 130-2 corresponding to the two activators 120-1 and 120-2 and network device 110 as illustrated in Fig. 1.
[0087] At 701, the network device 110 may set suitable time information representation to serve all IoT devices 130-1 and 130-2 under it. At 702, the network device 110 may broadcast the time information representation to the IoT devices 130-1 and 130-2. At 703, the IoT devices 130-1 may set a time difference threshold. The time difference threshold is set based on the IoT device 130-1 clock drift speed and the period of time information representation to satisfy the condition: IoT_devices_clock_drift (Δt) *2 < the period. For example, if SFN and subframe number are used as time information, the period of time information representation is 10.24s (SFN period) . Ordinary quartz clocks normally drift by 1 second in 11–12 days. Here, Δt is estimated roughly as 50 days. It may set a loose time difference threshold (e.g. 30 days) .
[0088] At 704, the IoT devices 130-1 may receive an activation signal at t_1 (time information on t_1 included in the signal) . Time information on t_1 may be start of the activation signal. At 705, the IoT devices 130-1 may start running a local clock after t_1. At 706, the IoT device 130-1 may receive or monitor another activation signal from the activator 120-2 at t_2 (time information on t_2 included in the signal) .
[0089] At 707, the IoT devices 130-1 may check whether the two activators 120-1 and 120-2 are under the same network device 110 if adjacent network device ae not synchronized. At 708, the IoT devices 130-1 may verify a condition: the elapsed time of IoT device clock is less than the time difference threshold. At 709, the IoT devices 130-1 may calibrate its clock using time information on t_1 and t_2 if the above condition is met. In some scenarios, the IoT device may actively request time information included in the next activation signal.
[0090] Reference is now made to Fig. 8, which shows another process 800 for synchronization at IoT device for IoT communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 800 will be described with reference to Fig. 1. The process 800 may involve the network device 110, the activators 120, the IoT devices 130, and the readers 140 as illustrated in Fig. 1.
[0091] In the process 800, the IoT device 130 may transmit 207 a request message for requesting time information to be included in the activation signal to the network devices 110 via the reader 140. The network device 110 may determine 220 first information related to time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by an activator 120. The network device 110 may transmit 240 the first information to the activator 120. Upon receipt of the request message, the network device 110 may also transmit 208 an indication for including the requested time information in the activation signal to the activator 120. The activator 120 may transmit 260 the activation signal comprising the time information. Upon receipt of the activation signal, the IoT device 130 performs 280 a synchronization operation based on the time information.
[0092] In some embodiments, the requested time information comprises: time information to be included in a subsequent activation signal, a time difference between a subsequent activation signal and the activation signal to be included in the subsequent activation signal, and / or time information to be included in subsequent periodic activation signals.
[0093] For scheduling flexibility at network device, the next activation signal may be scheduled within a time window. The IoT device may set a reception window with the time window taken into account. In some embodiments, the IoT device may set a reception window for a subsequent activation signal based on elapsed time to scheduled time of the subsequent activation signal and a clock drift speed of the IoT device.
[0094] In some embodiments, IoT device may refrain from detecting activation signals to at least one second device other than the second device outside the reception window. In this way, it may significantly reduce IoT device power consumption.
[0095] Reference is now made to Fig. 9, which shows another process 900 for synchronization at IoT device for IoT communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In Fig. 9, the requested time information may comprise time information to be included in a subsequent activation signal. For the purpose of discussion, the process 900 will be described with reference to Fig. 1. The process 900 may involve the network device 110, the activators 120, the IoT devices 130, and the readers 140 as illustrated in Fig. 1.
[0096] At 901, the network device 110 may set suitable time information representation to serve all the IoT devices under it. At 902, the network device 110 may broadcast the time information representation to the IoT device 130. At 903, the IoT device 130 may set a time difference threshold based on IoT device 130 clock drift speed and the period of time information representation. At 904, the IoT device 130 receives an activation signal at t_0 (time information on t_0 included in the signal) . As an example, time information on t_0 may be start of the activation signal. The activation signal informs the IoT device 130 to receive the next activation signal within a time window.
[0097] At 905, in the backscattered signal to the reader 140, the IoT device 130 may request time information included in the next activation signal if elapsed time to the time window is less than the time difference threshold. At 906, the IoT device 130 may start running a local clock after t_0. At 907, the reader 140 may forward the request to the gNB. At 908, the IoT devices 130 may set a reception window based on the IoT device 130 clock drift and the time window. At 909, within the reception window, the IoT device 130 may receive another activation signal at t_1 (time information on t_1 included in the signal) . At 910, the IoT device 130 may calibrate its clock using time information on t_0 and t_1.
[0098] For periodic downlink data traffic or downlink control (to trigger uplink data traffic) to a tag as seen in many IoT services, the network devices may need to schedule activator to periodically (or roughly periodically due to usually large latency of IoT service) transmit activation signals to the IoT services. IoT services may request time information included in the activation signals to perform synchronization operation.
[0099] Reference is now made to Fig. 10, which shows another process 1000 for synchronization at IoT device for IoT communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In Fig. 10, the requested time information may comprise time information to be included in subsequent periodic activation signals. For the purpose of discussion, the process 1000 will be described with reference to Fig. 1. The process 1000 may involve the network device 110, the activators 120, the IoT devices 130, and the readers 140 as illustrated in Fig. 1.
[0100] At 1001, the network devices 110 may set suitable time information representation to serve all the IoT devices under it. At 1002, the network devices 110 may broadcast the time information representation to the IoT device 130. At 1003, the IoT device 130 may set a time difference threshold based on IoT device 130 clock drift speed and the period of time information representation. At 1004, the IoT device 130 may receive an activation signal at t_0 (time information on t_0 included in the signal) . Time information on t_0 may be start of the activation signal. The activation signal informs IoT device 130 to receive the following activation signals within time windows around t_0 + k*Tp (Tp: period) .
[0101] At 1005, in the backscattered signal to the reader, the IoT device 130 may request time information included in the following activation signals if elapsed time between adjacent time windows (Tp) is less than the time difference threshold. At 1006, the IoT device 130 may start running a local clock after t_0. At 1007, the reader 140 may forward the request to the network device 110. At 1008, the IoT device 130 may set a reception window based on the IoT device 130 clock drift and the time window around t_0 + 1*Tp.
[0102] At 1009, within the reception window, the IoT device 130 may receive another activation signal at t_1 (time information on t_1 included in the signal) . At 1010, the IoT device 130 may calibrate its clock using time information on t_0 and t_1. At 1011, the IoT device 130 may restart running the local clock after t_1. At 1012, the IoT device 130 may set a reception window based on the IoT device 130 clock drift and the time window around t_0 + 2*Tp. The above steps (steps 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012) may repeat for the following time windows around t_0 + k*Tp.
[0103] Fig. 11 shows a flowchart of an example method 1100 implemented at an activator in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1100 will be described from the perspective of the activators 120 with reference to Fig. 1.
[0104] At block 1110, the activators 120 obtains time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by the first device. At block 1120, the activators 120 transmit the activation signal comprising the time information.
[0105] In some embodiments, at least one of the following: the time information is represented by at least part of timing numbers of a third device associated with the first device; a representation of the time information is set by the third device or a second device receiving the activation signal; the representation of the time information is set based on at least one of the following: a clock drift speed of the second device, a time difference between two activation signals, or required synchronization accuracy of the second device; the time information is a start of the activation signal; the time information is a starting subframe number in the event that transmission from the second device starts at beginning of a subframe; or the time information is provided based on a sequence used for the activation signal.
[0106] In some embodiments, the time information comprises a part of an ordered bit sequence formed by the timing numbers from large granularity to small granularity.
[0107] In some embodiments, at least one of the following: a most significant bit (MSB) of the time information is set based on the clock drift speed of the second device and the time difference between the two activation signals; or a least significant bit (LSB) of the time information is set based on the required synchronization accuracy of the second device.
[0108] In some embodiments, the activation signal further comprises information on a time difference between the transmission of the activation signal and transmission of a previous activation signal.
[0109] In some embodiments, the time difference comprises a remainder determined based on dividing an absolute time difference by a period of representation of the time information.
[0110] In some embodiments, the information on the time difference is encoded based on a sequence for the activation signal.
[0111] In some embodiments, the method 1100 further comprises: receive, from a third device, an indication for including time information requested by a second device in the activation signal; and based on the indication, include the requested time information in the activation signal.
[0112] In some embodiments, the requested time information comprises at least one of the following: time information to be included in a subsequent activation signal, a time difference between a subsequent activation signal and the activation signal to be included in the subsequent activation signal, or time information to be included in subsequent periodic activation signals.
[0113] In some embodiments, obtain the first time information by: receiving, from a third device, scheduling information related to the activation signal; and obtaining the time information included in the scheduling information, wherein the scheduling information includes at least one of time and frequency resource.
[0114] In some embodiments, obtain the first time information by: receiving, from a third device, scheduling information related to the activation signal; obtaining, from the scheduling information, second time information on an allowed starting transmission time point of the activation signal; and deriving the first time information based on an offset from the allowed starting transmission time point to an actual starting transmission time point of the activation signal.
[0115] In some embodiments, obtain the first time information by: deriving the first time information based on at least one of the following: at least one signal or at least one channel transmitted from a third device.
[0116] In some embodiments, the method 1100 further comprises: receive, from a third device associated with the first device, an index or an identity of the third device; and transmit, together with the time information, the index of the third device associated with the first device.
[0117] In some embodiments, at least one of the following: the first device is an activator for Internet of things (IoT) devices; the second device is an IoT device; or the third device is a network device.
[0118] Fig. 12 shows a flowchart of an example method 1200 implemented at IoT devices in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1200 will be described from the perspective of the IoT devices 130 with reference to Fig. 1.
[0119] At block 1210, the IoT devices 130 receive, from a first device, an activation signal comprising time information of a time point at which the activation signal is transmitted by the first device; . At block 1220, the IoT devices 130 perform a synchronization operation based on the time information.
[0120] In some embodiments, at least one of the following: the time information is represented by at least part of timing numbers of a third device associated with the first device; a representation of the time information is set by the third device or the second device receiving the activation signal; the representation of the time information is set based on at least one of the following: a clock drift speed of the second device, a time difference between two activation signals, and required synchronization accuracy of the second device; the time information is a start of the activation signal; the time information is a starting subframe number in the event that transmission from the second device starts at beginning of a subframe; or the time information is provided based on a sequence used for the activation signal.
[0121] In some embodiments, the time information comprises a part of an ordered bit sequence formed by the timing numbers from large granularity to small granularity.
[0122] In some embodiments, at least one of the following: a most significant bit (MSB) of the time information is set based on the clock drift speed of the second device and the time difference between the two activation signals; or a least significant bit (LSB) of the time information is set based on the required synchronization accuracy of the second device.
[0123] In some embodiments, the activation signal further comprises information on a time difference between the transmission of the activation signal and transmission of a previous activation signal.
[0124] In some embodiments, the time difference comprises a remainder determined based on dividing an absolute time difference by a period of representation of the time information.
[0125] In some embodiments, the information on the time difference is encoded based on a sequence for the activation signal.
[0126] In some embodiments, the method 1200 further comprises receive, from a third device associated with the second device, information on representation of the time information set by the third device.
[0127] In some embodiments, the method 1200 further comprises set representation of the time information; and transmit, to a third device associated with the second device, information on the representation of the time information set by the second device.
[0128] In some embodiments, the information on the representation of the time information is included in a request message for requesting time information to be included in the activation signal.
[0129] In some embodiments, the activation signal is for at least one of the following: the second device, at least one second device other than the second device, a group of second devices, or all second devices served by a third device associated with the second device.
[0130] In some embodiments, the activation signal is for at least one second device other than the second device, the method 1200 further comprises determine to perform a synchronization operation based on the time information, based on determining that the first device is associated with a serving third device of the second device or a third device associated with the first device is synchronized with the serving third device.
[0131] In some embodiments, the method 1200 further comprises receive, together with the time information, an index of a third device associated with the first device; and based on determining that the indexed third device is a serving third device of the second device or synchronized with the serving third device, determine to perform the synchronization operation based on the time information.
[0132] In some embodiments, the method 1200 further comprises transmit, to a third device, a request message for requesting time information to be included in the activation signal.
[0133] In some embodiments, the requested time information comprises at least one of the following: time information to be included in a subsequent activation signal, a time difference between a subsequent activation signal and the activation signal to be included in the subsequent activation signal, or time information to be included in subsequent periodic activation signals.
[0134] In some embodiments, the method 1200 further comprises set a starting time point and an ending time point of transmission from the second device, based on elapsed time from the receiving of the activation signal and a clock drift speed of the second device.
[0135] In some embodiments, the method 1200 further comprises set a reception window for a subsequent activation signal, based on elapsed time to scheduled time of the subsequent activation signal and a clock drift speed of the second device.
[0136] In some embodiments, the method 1200 further comprises refrain from detecting activation signals to at least one second device other than the second device outside the reception window.
[0137] In some embodiments, at least one of the following: the first device is an activator for Internet of things (IoT) devices; the second device is an IoT device; or the third device is a network device.
[0138] Fig. 13 shows a flowchart of an example method 1300 implemented at a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1300 will be described from the perspective of the network devices 110 with reference to Fig. 1.
[0139] At block 1310, the network devices 110 determine first information related to time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by a first device. At block 1320, the network devices 110 transmit the first information to the first device.
[0140] In some embodiments, at least one of the following: the time information is represented by at least part of timing numbers of the third device; a representation of the time information is set by the third device or a second device receiving the activation signal; the representation of the time information is set based on at least one of the following: a clock drift speed of the second device, a time difference between two activation signals, and required synchronization accuracy of the second device; the time information is a start of the activation signal; the time information is a starting subframe number in the event that transmission from the second device starts at beginning of a subframe; or the time information is provided based on a sequence used for the activation signal.
[0141] In some embodiments, the time information comprises a part of an ordered bit sequence formed by the timing numbers from large granularity to small granularity.
[0142] In some embodiments, at least one of the following: a most significant bit (MSB) of the time information is set based on the clock drift speed of the second device and the time difference between the two activation signals; or a least significant bit (LSB) of the time information is set based on the required synchronization accuracy of the second device.
[0143] In some embodiments, the first information comprises at least one of the following: scheduling information related to the activation signal and including the time information; or scheduling information related to the activation signal and including time information on an allowed starting transmission time point of the activation signal.
[0144] In some embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises set representation of the time information; and transmit, to a second device which is to receive the activation signal, information on the representation of the time information set by the third device.
[0145] In some embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises receive, from a second device which is to receive the activation signal, information on representation of the time information set by the second device.
[0146] In some embodiments, the information on the representation of the time information is included in a request message for requesting time information to be included in the activation signal.
[0147] In some embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises transmit, to the first device, an index of the third device.
[0148] In some embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises receive, from a second device which is to receive the activation signal, a request message for requesting time information to be included in the activation signal; and transmit, to the first device, an indication for including the requested time information in the activation signal.
[0149] In some embodiments, the requested time information comprises at least one of the following: time information to be included in a subsequent activation signal, a time difference between a subsequent activation signal and the activation signal to be included in the subsequent activation signal, or time information to be included in subsequent periodic activation signals.
[0150] In some embodiments, at least one of the following: the first device is an activator for Internet of things (IoT) devices; the second device is an IoT device; or the third device is a network device.
[0151] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 1100 (for example, the activators 120) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 1100. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0152] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for obtaining time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by the first device; and; and means for transmitting the activation signal comprising the time information.
[0153] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for performing other steps in some embodiments of the method 1100. In some embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0154] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 1200 (for example, the IoT devices 130) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 1200. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0155] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises: means for receiving, from a first device, an activation signal comprising time information of a time point at which the activation signal is transmitted by the first device; and means for performing a synchronization operation based on the time information.
[0156] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 1300 (for example, the network device 110) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 1300. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0157] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises: means for determining first information related to time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by a first device; and means for transmitting the first information to the first device.
[0158] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for performing other steps in some embodiments of the method 1300. In some embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0159] FIG. 14 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1400 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1400 may be provided to implement the communication device, for example the IoT device 130, the activator 120 or the network device 110 as shown in Fig. 1. As shown, the device 1400 includes one or more processors 1410, one or more memories 1420 coupled to the processor 1410, and one or more communication modules 1440 coupled to the processor 1410.
[0160] The communication module 1440 is for bidirectional communications. The communication module 1440 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements.
[0161] The processor 1410 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1400 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0162] The memory 1420 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 1424, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM) 1422 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0163] A computer program 1430 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 1410. The program 1430 may be stored in the ROM 1020. The processor 1410 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 1430 into the RAM 1422.
[0164] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 1430 so that the device 1400 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIGs. 11 to 13. The embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0165] In some embodiments, the program 1430 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 1400 (such as in the memory 1420) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 1400. The device 1400 may load the program 1430 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 1422 for execution. The computer readable medium may include any types of tangible non-volatile storage, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like. Fig. 15 shows an example of the computer readable medium 1500 in form of CD or DVD. The computer readable medium has the program 1430 stored thereon.
[0166] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0167] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the method 1100-1300 as described above with reference to FIGs. 11-13. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0168] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0169] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program codes or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
[0170] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0171] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0172] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device at least to:obtain time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by the first device; andtransmit the activation signal comprising the time information.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the following:the time information is represented by at least part of timing numbers of a third device associated with the first device;a representation of the time information is set by the third device or a second device receiving the activation signal;the representation of the time information is set based on at least one of the following: a clock drift speed of the second device, a time difference between two activation signals, or required synchronization accuracy of the second device;the time information is a start of the activation signal;the time information is a starting subframe number in the event that transmission from the second device starts at beginning of a subframe; orthe time information is provided based on a sequence used for the activation signal.3.The first device of claim 2, wherein the time information comprises a part of an ordered bit sequence formed by the timing numbers from large granularity to small granularity.4.The first device of claim 3, wherein at least one of the following:a most significant bit (MSB) of the time information is set based on the clock drift speed of the second device and the time difference between the two activation signals; ora least significant bit (LSB) of the time information is set based on the required synchronization accuracy of the second device.5.The first device of any of claims 1-4, wherein the activation signal further comprises information on a time difference between the transmission of the activation signal and transmission of a previous activation signal.6.The first device of claim 5, wherein the time difference comprises a remainder determined based on dividing an absolute time difference by a period of representation of the time information.7.The first device of claim 5 or 6, wherein the information on the time difference is encoded based on a sequence for the activation signal.8.The first device of any of claims 1-7, wherein the first device is further caused to:receive, from a third device, an indication for including time information requested by a second device in the activation signal; andbased on the indication, include the requested time information in the activation signal.9.The first device of claim 8, wherein the requested time information comprises at least one of the following:time information to be included in a subsequent activation signal,a time difference between a subsequent activation signal and the activation signal to be included in the subsequent activation signal, ortime information to be included in subsequent periodic activation signals.10.The first device of any of claims 1-9, wherein the first device is caused to obtain the time information by:receiving, from a third device, scheduling information related to the activation signal; andobtaining the time information included in the scheduling information, wherein the scheduling information includes at least one of time and frequency resource.11.The first device of any of claims 1-9, wherein the time information is first time information, and the first device is caused to obtain the first time information by:receiving, from a third device, scheduling information related to the activation signal;obtaining, from the scheduling information, second time information on an allowed starting transmission time point of the activation signal; andderiving the first time information based on an offset from the allowed starting transmission time point to an actual starting transmission time point of the activation signal.12.The first device of any of claims 1-9, wherein the first device is caused to obtain the time information by:deriving the first time information based on at least one of the following: at least one signal or at least one channel transmitted from a third device.13.The first device of any of claims 1-12, wherein the first device is further caused to:receive, from a third device associated with the first device, an index or an identity of the third device; andtransmit, together with the time information, the index of the third device associated with the first device.14.The first device of any of claims 1-13, wherein at least one of the following:the first device is an activator for Internet of things (IoT) devices;the second device is an IoT device; orthe third device is a network device.15.A second device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device at least to:receive, from a first device, an activation signal comprising time information of a time point at which the activation signal is transmitted by the first device; andperform a synchronization operation based on the time information.16.The second device of claim 15, wherein at least one of the following:the time information is represented by at least part of timing numbers of a third device associated with the first device;a representation of the time information is set by the third device or the second device;the representation of the time information is set based on at least one of the following: a clock drift speed of the second device, a time difference between two activation signals, or required synchronization accuracy of the second device;the time information is a start of the activation signal;the time information is a starting subframe number in the event that transmission from the second device starts at beginning of a subframe; orthe time information is provided based on a sequence used for the activation signal.17.The second device of claim 16, wherein the time information comprises a part of an ordered bit sequence formed by the timing numbers from large granularity to small granularity.18.The second device of claim 17, wherein at least one of the following:a most significant bit (MSB) of the time information is set based on the clock drift speed of the second device and the time difference between the two activation signals; ora least significant bit (LSB) of the time information is set based on the required synchronization accuracy of the second device.19.The second device of any of claims 15-18, wherein the activation signal further comprises information on a time difference between the transmission of the activation signal and transmission of a previous activation signal.20.The second device of claim 19, wherein the time difference comprises a remainder determined based on dividing an absolute time difference by a period of representation of the time information.21.The second device of claim 19 or 20, wherein the information on the time difference is encoded based on a sequence for the activation signal.22.The second device of any of claims 15-21, wherein the second device is further caused to:receive, from a third device associated with the second device, information on representation of the time information set by the third device.23.The second device of any of claims 15-21, wherein the second device is further caused to:set representation of the time information; andtransmit, to a third device associated with the second device, information on the representation of the time information set by the second device.24.The second device of claim 23, wherein the information on the representation of the time information is included in a request message for requesting time information to be included in the activation signal.25.The second device of any of claims 15-24, wherein the activation signal is for at least one of the following:the second device,at least one second device other than the second device,a group of second devices, orall second devices served by a third device associated with the second device.26.The second device of any of claims 15-25, wherein the activation signal is for at least one second device other than the second device, and the second device is further caused to:determine to perform a synchronization operation based on the time information, based on determining that the first device is associated with a serving third device of the second device or a third device associated with the first device is synchronized with the serving third device.27.The second device of any of claims 15-26, wherein the second device is further caused to:receive, together with the time information, an index or an identity of a third device associated with the first device; andbased on determining that the indexed third device is a serving third device of the second device or synchronized with the serving third device, determine to perform the synchronization operation based on the time information.28.The second device of any of claims 15-27, wherein the second device is further caused to:transmit, to a third device, a request message for requesting time information to be included in the activation signal.29.The second device of claim 28, wherein the requested time information comprises at least one of the following:time information to be included in a subsequent activation signal,a time difference between a subsequent activation signal and the activation signal to be included in the subsequent activation signal, ortime information to be included in subsequent periodic activation signals.30.The second device of any of claims 15-29, wherein the second device is further caused to:set a starting time point and an ending time point of transmission from the second device, based on elapsed time from the receiving of the activation signal and a clock drift speed of the second device.31.The second device of any of claims 15-30, wherein the second device is further caused to:set a reception window for a subsequent activation signal, based on elapsed time to scheduled time of the subsequent activation signal and a clock drift speed of the second device.32.The second device of claim 31, wherein the second device is further caused to:refrain from detecting activation signals to at least one second device other than the second device outside the reception window.33.The second device of any of claims 15-32, wherein at least one of the following:the first device is an activator for Internet of things (IoT) devices;the second device is an IoT device; orthe third device is a network device.34.A third device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the third device at least to:determine first information related to time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by a first device; andtransmit the first information to the first device.35.The third device of claim 34, wherein at least one of the following:the time information is represented by at least part of timing numbers of the third device;a representation of the time information is set by the third device or a second device which is to receive the activation signal;the representation of the time information is set based on at least one of the following: a clock drift speed of the second device, a time difference between two activation signals, and required synchronization accuracy of the second device;the time information is a start of the activation signal;the time information is a starting subframe number in the event that transmission from the second device starts at beginning of a subframe; orthe time information is provided based on a sequence used for the activation signal.36.The third device of claim 35, wherein the time information comprises a part of an ordered bit sequence formed by the timing numbers from large granularity to small granularity.37.The third device of claim 36, wherein at least one of the following:a most significant bit (MSB) of the time information is set based on the clock drift speed of the second device and the time difference between the two activation signals; ora least significant bit (LSB) of the time information is set based on the required synchronization accuracy of the second device.38.The third device of any of claims 34-37, wherein the first information comprises at least one of the following:scheduling information related to the activation signal and including the time information; orscheduling information related to the activation signal and including time information on an allowed starting transmission time point of the activation signal.39.The third device of any of claims 34-38, wherein the third device is further caused to:set representation of the time information; andtransmit, to a second device which is to receive the activation signal, information on the representation of the time information set by the third device.40.The third device of any of claims 34-38, wherein the third device is further caused to:receive, from a second device which is to receive the activation signal, information on representation of the time information set by the second device.41.The third device of claim 40, wherein the information on the representation of the time information is included in a request message for requesting time information to be included in the activation signal.42.The third device of any of claims 34-41, wherein the third device is further caused to:transmit, to the first device, an index or an or identity of the third device.43.The third device of any of claims 34-42, wherein the third device is further caused to:receive, from a second device which is to receive the activation signal, a request message for requesting time information to be included in the activation signal; andtransmit, to the first device, an indication for including the requested time information in the activation signal.44.The third device of claim 43, wherein the requested time information comprises at least one of the following:time information to be included in a subsequent activation signal,a time difference between a subsequent activation signal and the activation signal to be included in the subsequent activation signal, ortime information to be included in subsequent periodic activation signals.45.The third device of any of claims 34-44, wherein at least one of the following:the first device is an activator for Internet of things (IoT) devices;the second device is an IoT device; orthe third device is a network device.46.A method comprising:obtaining time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by the first device; andtransmitting the activation signal comprising the time information.47.A method comprising:receiving, from a first device, an activation signal comprising time information of a time point at which the activation signal is transmitted by the first device; andperforming a synchronization operation based on the time information.48.A method comprising:determining first information related to time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by a first device; andtransmitting the first information to the first device.49.An apparatus comprising:means for obtaining time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by the first device; andmeans for transmitting the activation signal comprising the time information.50.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving, from a first device, an activation signal comprising time information of a time point at which the activation signal is transmitted by the first device; andmeans for performing a synchronization operation based on the time information.51.An apparatus comprising:means for determining first information related to time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by a first device; andmeans for transmitting the first information to the first device.52.A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the method of any of claims 46-48.
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