Method on frame structure and timing aspects in FDD for a-iot
The method addresses synchronization and operational efficiency challenges in A-IoT devices by using specialized frame structures and charging signals, ensuring synchronized communication and efficient battery charging, thereby enhancing network performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077448
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in maintaining synchronization and operational efficiency for Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices, particularly in 5G NR networks, due to the need for improved frame structure and battery charging mechanisms.
A method for A-IoT devices that involves receiving specialized frame structures and charging signals, adapting to new frame structures, performing error checks, and backscattering uplink data, while ensuring synchronization with network timing and dynamic updates to maintain network harmony.
Enhances network performance and device functionality by ensuring synchronized communication and efficient battery charging for A-IoT devices, reducing latency and improving overall network efficiency.
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Figure CN2024077448_21082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD ON FRAME STRUCTURE AND TIMING ASPECTS IN FDD FOR A-IOTBACKGROUNDField
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more particularly, to user equipment (UE) that Backscatter Communication Timing Determination in FDD for A-IoT.
[0002] Background
[0003] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR) . 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with Internet of Things (IoT) ) , and other requirements. Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. There exists a need for further improvements in 5G NR technology. These improvements may also be applicable to other multi-access technologies and the telecommunication standards that employ these technologies.SUMMARY
[0006] The present invention discloses a method of wireless communication tailored for User Equipment (UE) operating within networks that accommodate Ambient Internet of Things (A- IoT) devices. The method is centered around an A-IoT Tag that interacts with a Downlink (DL) Data Source to receive a specialized frame structure for DL data transmission and a charging signal (CS) for battery charging. The A-IoT Tag is responsible for determining the optimal frame structure for DL data reception, initiating charging, performing synchronization, and adapting to new frame structures for operation. It acknowledges the reception of Downlink Control Information (DCI) and transmits backscattered uplink (UL) data using a carrier wave provided by an UL Carrier Source.
[0007] The invention ensures that the specialized frame structure and CS are synchronized with the network's timing, facilitating a coordinated charging and communication period. The A-IoT Tag dynamically updates its reception and charging parameters to maintain synchronization with the network's evolving conditions. The DL Data Source plays a crucial role in broadcasting the specialized frame structure and CS, providing dynamic updates, managing interference, and optimizing network resources. It also offers synchronization schemes and operation timing adjustments to maintain network integrity and ensure accurate A-IoT Tag operation.
[0008] The method includes provisions for broadcasting the specialized frame structure and CS, dynamic updates, and managing the charging and communication timing within defined periods. This ensures that all A-IoT Tags receive the necessary information and adjust their operation accordingly, promoting efficient and robust communication within the A-IoT network. The invention addresses the challenges of maintaining synchronization and operational efficiency in networks supporting A-IoT devices, thereby enhancing the overall performance and functionality of such networks.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of the system topology for Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication. In this configuration, the next-generation NodeB (gNB) is connected to User Equipment (UE) or a UE reader through a wired connection.
[0010] Figure 2 shows an embodiment where the next-generation NodeB (gNB) is wirelessly connected to User Equipment (UE) or a UE reader using the NR-Uu interface, reducing the need for changes to UE specifications.
[0011] Figure 3 illustrates the architecture of Device A, an A-IoT device with low power consumption during transmission and reception, designed to be on par with UHF RFID ISO18000-6C standards in terms of complexity.
[0012] Figure 4 presents Device B, an A-IoT device with intermediate power consumption and complexity, positioned between Device A and Device C. Unlike Device A, Device B is equipped with energy storage capabilities to amplify signals, yet it still relies on backscattering for transmission and requires an external carrier wave for operation.
[0013] Figure 5 details Device C, an A-IoT device with higher power consumption during transmission and reception, targeted to be significantly less complex than NarrowBand IoT (NB-IoT) .
[0014] Figure 6 would depict the communication sequence between a User Equipment (UE) reader or a base station (gNB) and an Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device. The sequence initiates with the UE reader powering the A-IoT device and transmitting a command that defines key communication parameters.
[0015] Figure 7 would illustrate the communication protocol sequence between a User Equipment (UE) reader or a base station (gNB) and an Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device as described by the PlantUML sequence diagram.
[0016] Figure 8 would depict a frame structure tailored for Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices, designed to support essential low power functionalities.
[0017] Figure 9 describes the operational timeline of an Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) tag, which is a sequence of events that the tag undergoes to communicate with a reader or base station.
[0018] Figure 10 would likely present a visual representation of different strategies for deploying downlink data, uplink carrier, and downlink energy sources within an Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) network.
[0019] Figure 11 would likely serve as a visual aid to demonstrate the advantages of using simple Forward Error Correction (FEC) methods over Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) in RFID systems, particularly within the context of Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) systems.
[0020] Figure 12 includes the process of broadcasting a charging signal (CS) from the DL Energy Source, the transmission of downlink data with a preamble for synchronization and CRC for error detection from the DL Data Source, and the management of the uplink carrier for backscattering from the UL Carrier Source.
[0021] Figure 13 includes the process of the DL Data Source encoding and transmitting DCI messages with new A-IoT formats on the PDCCH, including DMRS.
[0022] Figure 14 illustrates the UL Power Control process tailored for A-IoT systems. It shows the DL Data Source sending power control commands to the A-IoT Tag, which then measures the received power from the DL Energy Source and the UL Carrier Source for charging and backscattering.
[0023] Figure 15 includes the UL Carrier Source providing a carrier waveform (CW) for the A-IoT Tag's uplink transmission, which is essential for backscattering.
[0024] Figure 16 illustrates the UL Channel Access process for A-IoT systems. It shows the UL Carrier Source transmitting a carrier wave (CW) for uplink backscattering, which the A-IoT Tag receives and uses to backscatter the signal with encoded uplink data.
[0025] Figure 17 includes the UL Carrier Source scheduling and transmitting a carrier wave (CW) for uplink backscattering, which the A-IoT Tag receives and uses to backscatter the signal with encoded uplink data.
[0026] Figure 18 depicts the process of capability reporting and network configuration for A-IoT systems. The A-IoT Tag reports its capabilities to the DL data source, which acknowledges and configures the network to support these capabilities.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.
[0028] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0029] By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs) , central processing units (CPUs) , application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs) , reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoC) , baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system may execute software. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
[0030] Accordingly, in one or more example embodiments, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise a random-access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the aforementioned types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.
[0031] Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of the system topology for Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication. In this configuration, the next-generation NodeB (gNB) is connected to User Equipment (UE) or a UE reader through a wired connection. This setup bypasses the need for a new air interface directly between the gNB and the A-IoT device by introducing a new air interface between the UE reader and the A-IoT device. Consequently, this reduces the need for extensive changes to gNB specifications. The gNB communicates with the A-IoT device through the UE reader, which serves as an intermediary, facilitating the interaction between the A-IoT device and the gNB.
[0032] Figure 2 shows an embodiment where the next-generation NodeB (gNB) is wirelessly connected to User Equipment (UE) or a UE reader using the NR-Uu interface, reducing the need for changes to UE specifications. Additionally, a separate new air interface is required between the UE and the A-IoT device, which can be tailored according to specific use cases and requirements.
[0033] Figure 3 illustrates the architecture of Device A, an A-IoT device with low power consumption during transmission and reception, designed to be on par with UHF RFID ISO18000-6C standards in terms of complexity. Lacking energy storage and independent signal generation, Device A operates on backscattering transmission and requires an external carrier wave source for signal transmission. Its architecture features a low pass filter to mitigate interference, an envelope detector for OOK signal support, an analog to digital converter for baseband processing, a digital baseband for sequence matching, a modulator for payload data addition, and an RF energy harvester for power conversion.
[0034] Figure 4 presents Device B, an A-IoT device with intermediate power consumption and complexity, positioned between Device A and Device C. Unlike Device A, Device B is equipped with energy storage capabilities to amplify signals, yet it still relies on backscattering for transmission and requires an external carrier wave for operation. Its architecture incorporates components to suppress interference, support OOK-based signals, process digital baseband, match sequences, modulate payload data, harvest RF energy, and store energy. Additionally, it includes a reflection amplifier to boost the signal strength for both receiving and transmitting.
[0035] Figure 5 details Device C, an A-IoT device with higher power consumption during transmission and reception, targeted to be significantly less complex than NarrowBand IoT (NB-IoT) . Device C is equipped with energy storage and the capability for independent signal generation, along with active RF components for enhanced transmission. It also includes mobility management features for cell selection and re-selection. The architecture of Device C integrates components to suppress interference, support OOK-based signals, process digital baseband signals, perform synchronization and decoding tasks, harvest RF energy, and store energy. It also features amplifiers to strengthen both incoming and outgoing signals.
[0036] Figure 6 would depict the communication sequence between a User Equipment (UE) reader or a base station (gNB) and an Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device. The sequence initiates with the UE reader powering the A-IoT device and transmitting a command that defines key communication parameters. The A-IoT device, upon harvesting enough energy, activates and decodes the command, then randomly selects a time slot to send a sequence with a preamble. The UE reader deciphers the preamble and sends an acknowledgment within a specific duration, in accordance with the A-IoT device's communication rate. The UE reader in this context serves various roles, such as a relay, IAB node, NR / LTE UE, repeater, or gNB.
[0037] Figure 7 would illustrate the communication protocol sequence between a User Equipment (UE) reader or a base station (gNB) and an Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device as described by the PlantUML sequence diagram. The process starts with the UE reader / gNB broadcasting a command to the A-IoT device, indicating the number of time durations available for communication. The A-IoT device decodes this command and selects a random time duration to respond with a sequence using FM0 modulation. The UE reader / gNB then decodes the random sequence and sends an acknowledgment within a specified duration. If the A-IoT device matches the decoded sequence in the acknowledgment with the sequence it chose, it replies with a unique identifier, completing the communication cycle.
[0038] The U2A Link (User Equipment to Ambient IoT Device Communication Link) and A2U Link (Ambient IoT Device to User Equipment Communication Link) are also described, detailing the modulation schemes and encoding methods used for data transmission between the UE reader / gNB and the A-IoT device. The U2A Link uses ASK or OOK with PIE, and the A2U Link uses ASK or PSK with FM0 or Miller modulation for backscattered data, starting with a Miller Subcarrier Preamble. The A2U Link is responsible for transmitting the Electronic Product Code (EPC) and Protocol-Control Information (PC) .
[0039] Figure 8 would depict a frame structure tailored for Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices, designed to support essential low power functionalities. The structure is multifaceted, accommodating battery charging through a charging signal (CS) that could vary in complexity from a single-tone to a multi-tone signal. For downlink data transmission, the frame mimics an RFID-like signal format, complete with a preamble for synchronization, a data payload, and a CRC for error checking. Uplink data transmission is facilitated by a carrier waveform (CW) suitable for backscattering, which, like the CS, can be either single-tone or multi-tone.
[0040] The frame structure is conceptualized to ideally provide unique waveforms for each function to maximize performance. However, for the sake of system simplicity, a shared waveform and frame structure is considered, which would serve multiple functions. This approach would involve either optimizing individual signals for their respective tasks or employing a common signal, such as the carrier wave or preamble, to handle both energy delivery and data synchronization.
[0041] The design strategies explored in Figure 8 revolve around the dual use of signals, such as using the CW for both downlink energy transfer and as the uplink carrier, or the preamble for initiating charging and synchronizing downlink data. The most integrated approach would use the preamble for downlink data, uplink carrier, and downlink charging, presenting a unified solution that simplifies the frame structure at the cost of increased signal optimization complexity.
[0042] Figure 9 describes the operational timeline of an Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) tag, which is a sequence of events that the tag undergoes to communicate with a reader or base station. The process starts with the A-IoT tag receiving a Charging Signal (CS) to accumulate energy necessary for its functions. Once the tag has charged sufficiently, it begins to monitor for a preamble signal. Detecting this signal triggers the tag to perform time and frequency synchronization, ensuring it can accurately interpret the incoming data.
[0043] Following synchronization, the tag demodulates the data payload, which is the main content of the communication intended for the tag. After demodulation, the tag checks the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) to ensure the data's integrity and to detect any transmission errors.
[0044] If the received payload indicates that an uplink transmission is required, the tag then engages in uplink backscattering. In this phase, the tag uses a Carrier Wave (CW) to modulate and reflect its own data back to the reader or base station, completing the communication cycle. This timeline from energy charging to potential uplink communication encapsulates the full range of A-IoT tag activities within a communication session.
[0045] Figure 10 would likely present a visual representation of different strategies for deploying downlink data, uplink carrier, and downlink energy sources within an Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) network. The description suggests that there are considerations to be made regarding the placement of these sources to optimize interface efficiency and spectrum resource utilization.
[0046] In an ideal deployment scenario, the sources for downlink data, uplink carrier, and downlink energy would be positioned in separate locations. This separation is aimed at reducing interference between the different types of signals and making better use of the available spectrum. Such an arrangement could lead to a more efficient network but might also introduce additional complexity in terms of infrastructure and management.
[0047] On the other hand, a simpler deployment method would involve co-locating all these sources. While this could lead to a more straightforward setup, it might also result in increased signal interference and less efficient use of the spectrum.
[0048] The deployment strategies under consideration would explore various configurations, such as having all sources co-located or having one of the sources-either the downlink energy, uplink carrier, or downlink data-positioned independently. Each configuration has its own set of advantages and challenges related to the network's performance, including how the signals might interfere with one another and how efficiently the radio resources are used.
[0049] The analysis of these deployment strategies would focus on their practical implications, such as the design of communication frames tailored to A-IoT devices, the allocation and management of radio resources, and the methods for managing potential interference. The goal is to determine the most effective and practical approach for integrating A-IoT devices into the network, ensuring reliable communication while maintaining a manageable level of network complexity.
[0050] Figure 11 would likely serve as a visual aid to demonstrate the advantages of using simple Forward Error Correction (FEC) methods over Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) in RFID systems, particularly within the context of Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) systems. The figure might contrast the two approaches, showing how FEC, despite increasing complexity and data overhead, can save on unnecessary retransmissions by correcting certain errors directly.
[0051] In the case of CRC, the method is straightforward-it generates a checksum from the data using a polynomial formula. If the checksum at the receiver's end doesn't match, it signals an error. However, CRC stops at error detection; it doesn't offer a solution for correction, which typically results in the need to resend data to overcome any detected errors.
[0052] FEC, like the Hamming Code, takes a more proactive approach. It incorporates additional redundancy bits into the data, which not only allows the detection of errors but also enables the correction of small errors as they occur. This on-the-fly correction capability of FEC can reduce the latency and overhead caused by retransmissions that are necessary with CRC.
[0053] The figure would underscore the primary functions of CRC and FEC-error detection and error correction, respectively. It would also touch on the inherent trade-offs between the two: CRC's simplicity and low latency against FEC's slightly higher complexity and moderate latency due to its error-correcting abilities. Despite the increased data overhead from FEC, the potential reduction in retransmissions could lead to a more efficient communication system overall.
[0054] The description suggests that there is an interest in evaluating whether simple FEC methods could replace more complex error correction protocols, which are often seen as too intricate for certain applications. The aim is to decrease the number of retransmissions, thus improving the efficiency of the communication system, a critical factor in environments where simplicity and efficiency are paramount. This exploration is part of a broader initiative to assess the feasibility of implementing simple FEC to enhance the performance of A-IoT systems.
[0055] Figure 12 includes the process of broadcasting a charging signal (CS) from the DL Energy Source, the transmission of downlink data with a preamble for synchronization and CRC for error detection from the DL Data Source, and the management of the uplink carrier for backscattering from the UL Carrier Source. It also reflects the Tag's ability to adapt to the new frame structure and the evaluation of error detection and correction strategies, considering the use of simple FEC methods to minimize retransmissions and optimize system efficiency. The notes provide additional context for each step, emphasizing the critical functionalities of battery charging, downlink data transmission, and uplink data transmission within the A-IoT frame structure.
[0056] Figure 13 includes the process of the DL Data Source encoding and transmitting DCI messages with new A-IoT formats on the PDCCH, including DMRS. The A-IoT Tag decodes this information and sends back an acknowledgment or a scheduling request. The DL Data Source then schedules A-IoT-specific operations, considering the Tag's capabilities, and informs the DL Energy Source and UL Carrier Source about the Tag's scheduled operations for charging and uplink transmission, respectively. The DL Energy Source broadcasts a charging signal (CS) to the Tag, and the UL Carrier Source provides a carrier waveform (CW) for the Tag's backscattering. The Tag uses the CW for uplink data transmission, completing the communication cycle. The notes provide additional context for each step, emphasizing the A-IoT-specific operations and the coordination between the different sources to ensure efficient resource use and communication.
[0057] Figure 14 illustrates the UL Power Control process tailored for A-IoT systems. It shows the DL Data Source sending power control commands to the A-IoT Tag, which then measures the received power from the DL Energy Source and the UL Carrier Source for charging and backscattering. The Tag adjusts its transmit power according to the new A-IoT power control rules and reports the received power levels back to the DL Data Source. The DL Data Source implements new power control algorithms to manage the transmit power for A-IoT devices and monitors and adjusts the power of the charging signal and the carrier wave (CW) for optimal A-IoT device operation. The notes provide additional context for each step, emphasizing the A-IoT-specific power control and the coordination between the different sources to ensure efficient power management and device operation.
[0058] Figure 15 includes the UL Carrier Source providing a carrier waveform (CW) for the A-IoT Tag's uplink transmission, which is essential for backscattering. The process begins with the DL Data Source scheduling downlink transmissions for data and charging, ensuring no interference between the two types of signals. The DL Data Source transmits downlink data within a unified or specialized frame structure, while the DL Energy Source transmits charging signals to the Tag. The Tag manages its operation mode based on the type of downlink signal received and acknowledges the successful reception of data. It also indicates the start or stop of charging to the DL Data Source. The UL Carrier Source provides the CW for the Tag's uplink transmission, and the Tag performs uplink backscattering using the CW. The notes provide additional context for each step, emphasizing the A-IoT-specific channel access and the coordination between the different sources to ensure efficient data transmission, energy management, and uplink communication.
[0059] Figure 16 illustrates the UL Channel Access process for A-IoT systems. It shows the UL Carrier Source transmitting a carrier wave (CW) for uplink backscattering, which the A-IoT Tag receives and uses to backscatter the signal with encoded uplink data. The DL Data Source schedules the carrier wave transmission for uplink backscattering, considering the A-IoT Tag's energy status. The Tag manages its uplink transmissions based on the DL Data Source's scheduling and the available energy for backscattering, which is provided by the DL Energy Source. The DL Data Source, with the help of the UL Carrier Source, detects and decodes the backscattered signals from the Tag. The notes provide additional context for each step, emphasizing the A-IoT-specific channel access and the coordination between the different sources to ensure efficient uplink communication and energy management.
[0060] Figure 17 includes the UL Carrier Source scheduling and transmitting a carrier wave (CW) for uplink backscattering, which the A-IoT Tag receives and uses to backscatter the signal with encoded uplink data. The DL Data Source schedules the carrier wave transmission for uplink backscattering, considering the A-IoT Tag's energy status. The Tag manages its uplink transmissions based on the DL Data Source's scheduling and the available energy for backscattering, which is provided by the DL Energy Source. The DL Data Source, with the help of the UL Carrier Source, detects and decodes the backscattered signals from the Tag and acknowledges the successful reception of uplink data. The Tag indicates the completion of uplink transmission, and the DL Data Source and UL Carrier Source coordinate to optimize spectrum resources. The notes provide additional context for each step, emphasizing the A-IoT-specific channel access and the coordination between the different sources to ensure efficient uplink communication and energy management.
[0061] Figure 18 depicts the process of capability reporting and network configuration for A-IoT systems. The A-IoT Tag reports its capabilities to the DL data source, which acknowledges and configures the network to support these capabilities. The DL data source may query additional capabilities from the Tag, which responds accordingly. Based on the Tag's energy reception capabilities, the DL data source configures the DL energy source to adjust the charging signal. The DL data source also configures the UL carrier source to provide a carrier wave that aligns with the Tag's backscattering capabilities. The Tag adapts its operation based on the negotiated capabilities, and the DL data source ensures that network operations support the Tag's A-IoT capabilities. The DL energy source and UL carrier source coordinate with the DL data source to optimize energy transfer and channel access, ensuring efficient operation of the A-IoT system.
[0062] Illustrative Implementations
[0063] FIG. 17 illustrates an example communication system 1700 having an example communication apparatus 1710 and an example network apparatus 1720 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Each of communication apparatus 1710 and network apparatus 1720 may perform various functions to implement schemes, techniques, processes and methods described herein pertaining to using on-demand reference signal for network energy saving with respect to user equipment and network apparatus in mobile communications, including scenarios / schemes described above as well as processes 1800 and 1900 described below.
[0064] Communication apparatus 1710 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a UE such as a portable or mobile apparatus, a wearable apparatus, a wireless communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, communication apparatus 1710 may be implemented in a smartphone, a smartwatch, a personal digital assistant, a digital camera, or a computing equipment such as a tablet computer, a laptop computer or a notebook computer. Communication apparatus 1710 may also be a part of a machine type apparatus, which may be an IoT, NB-IoT, or IIoT apparatus such as an immobile or a stationary apparatus, a home apparatus, a wire communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, communication apparatus 1710 may be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart fridge, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker or a home control center. Alternatively, communication apparatus 1710 may be implemented in the form of one or more integrated-circuit (IC) chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more reduced-instruction set computing (RISC) processors, or one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors. Communication apparatus 1710 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 17 such as a processor 1712, for example. Communication apparatus 1710 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of communication apparatus 1710 are neither shown in FIG. 17 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0065] Network apparatus 1720 may be a part of a network apparatus, which may be a network node such as a satellite, a base station, a small cell, a router or a gateway. For instance, network apparatus 1720 may be implemented in an eNodeB in an LTE network, in a gNB in a 5G / NR, IoT, NB-IoT or IIoT network or in a satellite or base station in a 6G network. Alternatively, network apparatus 1720 may be implemented in the form of one or more IC chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, or one or more RISC or CISC processors. Network apparatus 1720 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 17 such as a processor 1722, for example. Network apparatus 1720 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of network apparatus 1720 are neither shown in FIG. 17 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0066] In one aspect, each of processor 1712 and processor 1722 may be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, or one or more CISC processors. That is, even though a singular term “aprocessor” is used herein to refer to processor 1712 and processor 1722, each of processor 1712 and processor 1722 may include multiple processors in some implementations and a single processor in other implementations in accordance with the present disclosure. In another aspect, each of processor 1712 and processor 1722 may be implemented in the form of hardware (and, optionally, firmware) with electronic components including, for example and without limitation, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors and / or one or more varactors that are configured and arranged to achieve specific purposes in accordance with the present disclosure. In other words, in at least some implementations, each of processor 1712 and processor 1722 is a special-purpose machine specifically designed, arranged and configured to perform specific tasks including autonomous reliability enhancements in a device (e.g., as represented by communication apparatus 1710) and a network (e.g., as represented by network apparatus 1720) in accordance with various implementations of the present disclosure.
[0067] In some implementations, communication apparatus 1710 may also include a transceiver 1716 coupled to processor 1712 and capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some implementations, communication apparatus 1710 may further include a memory 1714 coupled to processor 1712 and capable of being accessed by processor 1712 and storing data therein. In some implementations, network apparatus 1720 may also include a transceiver 1726 coupled to processor 1722 and capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some implementations, network apparatus 1720 may further include a memory 1724 coupled to processor 1722 and capable of being accessed by processor 1722 and storing data therein. Accordingly, communication apparatus 1710 and network apparatus 1720 may wirelessly communicate with each other via transceiver 1716 and transceiver 1726, respectively. To aid better understanding, the following description of the operations, functionalities and capabilities of each of communication apparatus 1710 and network apparatus 1720 is provided in the context of a mobile communication environment in which communication apparatus 1710 is implemented in or as a communication apparatus or a UE and network apparatus 1720 is implemented in or as a network node of a communication network.
[0068] Additional Notes
[0069] The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected" , or "operably coupled" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.
[0070] Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0071] Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an, " e.g., “a” and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, " without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B. ”
[0072] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A method of wireless communication for a User Equipment (UE) in a network supporting Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices, comprising:receiving, by the A-IoT Tag from a DL Data Source, a specialized frame structure for downlink (DL) data transmission and a charging signal (CS) for battery charging, if the A-IoT Tag has requested a specialized frame structure as depicted in Figure 12;determining, by the A-IoT Tag, an optimal frame structure for DL data reception and initiating charging using the received CS, if the A-IoT Tag has processed a new Downlink Control Information (DCI) with frame structure details;performing, by the A-IoT Tag, synchronization using a preamble and checking for errors with Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) when receiving DL data, and adapting to a new frame structure for operation, if the A-IoT Tag has acknowledged the DCI and readiness for DL data reception;transmitting, by the A-IoT Tag to the DL Data Source, an acknowledgment of DCI reception and readiness for DL data reception, and sending backscattered uplink (UL) data using a carrier wave (CW) provided by an UL Carrier Source, if the A-IoT Tag has received management of UL carrier for backscattering and has adapted to the new frame structure for its operation.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the specialized frame structure and the CS are synchronized with the network's timing to initiate a charging and communication period from a defined frame, governed by the DL Data Source's configuration.3.The method of claim 1, wherein the synchronization using the preamble and CRC is used for initiating a data reception period from a defined frame, determined by the synchronization status with the DL Data Source.4.The method of claim 1, wherein the specialized frame structure, including the CS, is dynamically updated to maintain synchronization with evolving network conditions and A-IoT Tag requirements.5.The method of claim 1, wherein the A-IoT Tag adjusts its reception and charging parameters based on the specialized frame structure and CS, initiating an optimization period from a defined frame and determined by the DL Data Source's broadcast period.6.The method of claim 1, wherein the A-IoT Tag adapts its operation based on the specialized frame structure and CS provided by the network, initiating an adjustment period from a defined frame and determined by the DL Data Source's synchronization configuration period.7.A method of wireless communication for a DL Data Source in a network supporting Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices, comprising:broadcasting, by the DL Data Source, a specialized frame structure for DL data transmission and a charging signal (CS) to A-IoT Tags;providing, by the DL Data Source, dynamic updates to the specialized frame structure and CS to ensure proper synchronization and operation with A-IoT Tags within the network;managing, by the DL Data Source, interference and optimizing network resources by coordinating the charging and communication timing of A-IoT Tags;offering, by the DL Data Source, synchronization schemes and operation timing adjustments suitable for maintaining network integrity and ensuring accurate A-IoT Tag operation;adjusting, by the DL Data Source, the network's timing and synchronization parameters based on the reported capabilities of A-IoT Tags to maintain efficient and robust communication.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the specialized frame structure and CS are broadcasted in a defined period determined by the DL Data Source's broadcast period, ensuring all relevant information is conveyed to A-IoT Tags at least once within this period.9.The method of claim 7, wherein the dynamic updates to the specialized frame structure and CS are broadcasted in a defined period determined by the DL Data Source's synchronization configuration period, ensuring all A-IoT Tags adjust their operation accordingly.10.The method of claim 7, wherein the charging and communication timing of A-IoT Tags is managed in a defined period determined by the DL Data Source's interference management configuration period, ensuring all timing adjustments are made at least once within this period.11.The method of claim 7, wherein the synchronization schemes and operation timing adjustments are provided in a defined period determined by the DL Data Source's synchronization provision configuration period, ensuring all A-IoT Tags are informed at least once within this period.12.The method of claim 7, wherein the network's timing and synchronization parameters are adjusted based on the reported operation capabilities of A-IoT Tags in a defined period determined by the DL Data Source's synchronization provision configuration period, ensuring all devices are operating cohesively within the network.
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