Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by comprising: a control unit that arranges, in different time domains, a sensing signal of a first pattern using a first comb size and a sensing signal of a second pattern using a second comb size larger than the first comb size; and a transmission unit that transmits the sensing signal of the first pattern and the sensing signal of the second pattern to a target. According to the one aspect of the present disclosure, the performance of wireless sensing can be improved.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] Wireless sensing is being considered in future wireless communication systems (e.g., NR).

[0006] However, the details of wireless sensing have not been fully explored. If the details of wireless sensing are not clear, there is a risk that the sensing quality / communication quality will be degraded.

[0007] Therefore, one object of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that improve wireless sensing performance.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by having a control unit that arranges a sensing signal of a first pattern using a first comb size and a sensing signal of a second pattern using a second comb size larger than the first comb size in different time domains, and a transmitting unit that transmits the sensing signal of the first pattern and the sensing signal of the second pattern to a target.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to improve the performance of wireless sensing.

[0010] FIGS. 1A and 1B show an example of a monostatic sensing scenario at a BS or a UE. FIGS. 2A and 2B show an example of a bistatic sensing scenario between BSs or between UEs. FIGS. 3A and 3B show an example of a bistatic sensing scenario between BSs and UEs or between UEs. FIG. 4 shows an example of an RS pattern for Feature 2. FIG. 5 shows an example of an RS pattern for Feature 3. FIG. 6 shows an example of an RS pattern in the present disclosure. FIG. 7 shows an example of a sensing RS pattern for Steps 1 and 2 in the first embodiment. FIG. 8 shows an example of target location using Steps 1 and 2 in the first embodiment. FIG. 9 shows an example of an RS pattern for Example 1 in the second embodiment. FIG. 10 shows an example of an RS pattern for Example 2 in the second embodiment. FIG. 11 shows an example of an RS pattern for Example 3 in the second embodiment. FIG. 12 shows an example of a combination of RS patterns in the second embodiment. FIG. 13 shows an example of an irregular sensing RS pattern. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a regular sensing RS pattern. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of an RS pattern for Option 1 of Aspect 3-2. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of an RS pattern for Option 2 of Aspect 3-2. FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of an RS pattern for Option 3 of Aspect 3-2. FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of an RS pattern in a variation of Aspect 3-2. FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of an RS pattern in a variation of Aspect 3-2. FIGS. 20A and 20B are diagrams illustrating an example of a regular RS pattern in Aspect 3-3. FIGS. 21A, 21B, and 21C are diagrams illustrating an example of an irregular RS pattern in Aspect 3-3. FIGS. 22A to 22D are diagrams illustrating examples of relative RB offsets between two comb-pattern RSs. FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of an RS pattern of the fourth embodiment. FIG. 24A is a diagram illustrating an example of Option 1 of Aspect 4-1. FIG. 24B is a diagram illustrating an example of Option 2-1 of Aspect 4-1. Fig. 24C is a diagram showing an example of Option 2-2 of Aspect 4-1. Fig. 25 is a diagram showing another example of Aspect 4-1. Fig. 26 is a diagram showing an example of RS resources in Aspect 4-2. Fig. 27 is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern using FDM for two comb-pattern RSs.28A and 28B are diagrams showing examples of RS patterns for option 1 of aspect 4-3. FIG. 29A is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern for option 2 of aspect 4-3. FIG. 29B is a diagram showing examples of RS patterns for options 1 and 2 of aspect 4-3. FIG. 30A is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern for option 3 of aspect 4-3. FIG. 30B is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern combining options 1 and 3 of aspect 4-3. FIG. 30C is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern combining options 2 and 3 of aspect 4-3. FIGS. 31A to 31D are diagrams showing examples of RS patterns within a slot in option 3 of aspect 4-3. FIG. 32 is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern for aspect 5-1. FIG. 33A is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern for option 1 of aspect 5-2. FIG. 33B is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern for option 2 of aspect 5-2. FIGS. 34A and 34B are diagrams showing examples of RS patterns for option 1 of aspect 5-3. FIG. 35A is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern for option 2 of aspect 5-3. FIG. 35B is a diagram showing examples of RS patterns for options 1 and 2 of aspect 5-3. FIG. 36 is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern for option 3 of aspect 5-3. FIG. 37 is a diagram showing an example of an RS combination in aspect 7-2. FIG. 38 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 39 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. FIG. 40 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 41 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 42 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0011] (ISAC) The motivation for integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) is to achieve high sensing performance and new / extended services by using various frequencies and cellular network equipment, and to optimize network parameters by analyzing real-time sensing data. Use cases and possible requirements for extending 5G systems to provide sensing services to address different target industries / applications are considered, and some use cases may also include non-3GPP type (non-wireless communication type) sensors (e.g., radar, camera).

[0012] For example, use case 1 is sensing for tourist destination traffic management. For example, use case 2 is intruder detection in a smart home environment.

[0013] ISAC considers sensing-assisted communication and communication-assisted sensing. Sensing-assisted communication considers sensing-assisted beam management and sensing-assisted resource allocation. Communication-assisted sensing considers network sensing and coordinated sensing. To achieve these, waveforms, beamforming, artificial intelligence (AI) / deep learning (DL) operating radio access technology (RAT), frame structure, and reference signals are considered. Furthermore, shared spectrum, hardware, and algorithms for ISAC are considered, including higher frequency bands, larger antenna arrays, and similar signal processing algorithms for communication and sensing.

[0014] In ISAC, the challenges are unified waveforms that simultaneously meet the requirements of communication (e.g., OFDM signals) and sensing (e.g., chirp signals), ISAC beamforming that simultaneously realizes communication (e.g., transmit signals, receive signals) and sensing (e.g., echo signals, transmit signals, reflected signals) through beamforming, and interference suppression between them, and CSI mining by AI that uses AI / DL networks to extract sensing information from channel information for communication (e.g., UL transmit signals) and radar (e.g., DL radar signals).

[0015] Three types of radar and communication systems have been considered based on whether the communication and radar (sensing) systems share hardware / bandwidth. The three types are independent radar and communication systems (independent systems), joint radar and communication systems (joint systems), and integrated radar and communication systems (integrated systems). In the following, we focus on ISAC systems, in which hardware and bandwidth are shared between the radar and communication systems.

[0016] (Wireless Sensing) Wireless sensing based on communication radio waves is a key enabler for the vision of 6G cyber physical systems (CPS). ISAC can be realized by 5G-advanced (A) and 6G with the development of higher frequencies and wider bandwidths. The design of ISAC waveforms and sensing reference signals (RS) is a key technology for realizing wireless sensing.

[0017] Use cases for ISAC include the metaverse, high altitude platform station (HAPS) sensing, and crowd estimation. HAPS can be an aircraft with an altitude of about 20 km and can be used in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs).

[0018] HAPS sensing realizes ultra-remote distance sensing using echo signals based on the support of communication functions. Considering that the sensing distance depends on the strength of the echo signal, a sensing form or sensing sequence with an extremely low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is required to improve the SNR of the echo signal under a given transmission power.

[0019] (Sensing Mode / Method) Conventional communication systems include communication between one BS (base station, gNB) and one UE, and joint transmission between multiple BSs and one UE. Conventional radar systems include monostatic radars in which one radar transmits a radar signal and receives echoes from a sensing target, and bistatic / multistatic radars in which one radar transmits a radar signal and one or more radars receive echoes from a sensing target.

[0020] Independent systems use separate hardware and separate frequency bands for radar and communications, which may be co-located or in separate locations.

[0021] A joint system uses the same hardware and separate frequency bands for radar and communications.

[0022] A unified system uses the same hardware and the same frequency bands for radar and communications.

[0023] Sensing in the ISAC system can be achieved by any of the following sensing methods: ◇Monostatic sensing: Monostatic sensing using the idea of ​​monostatic radar. This sensing method requires one BS or one UE, and sensing is performed using echo signals. In this sensing method, there is no BS-to-BS, UE-to-UE, or BS-to-UE cooperation. A use case of this sensing method is, for example, imaging using terahertz. ◇Bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing: Bistatic / multistatic sensing using bistatic radar / multistatic radar. This sensing method requires two or more BSs or two or more UEs, and sensing is performed using reflected signals. A use case of this sensing method is, for example, positioning. ◇UE-assisted sensing: UE-assisted sensing using the idea of ​​NR positioning. This sensing method requires a BS and a UE, and sensing is performed via communication (UL / DL) signals. This sensing method operates within the existing 5G NR framework. This sensing method requires a UE, and both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) sensing require high computational complexity. A use case for this sensing method is, for example, breath monitoring.

[0024] [Monostatic Sensing] This sensing method includes BS (gNB) monostatic sensing (Figure 1A) and UE monostatic sensing (Figure 1B).

[0025] A scenario suitable for monostatic sensing has the following characteristics: The sensing target is in the vicinity of the sensing BS / UE and high or medium SNR of the echo signal is required. The target may not have communication capabilities.

[0026] The capacity requirements for monostatic sensing have the following characteristics: High capacity is required due to full duplex at the BS or UE.

[0027] The performance of monostatic sensing has the following characteristics: ◇High accuracy due to no quantization. ◇Accuracy is related to the SNR of the echo signal. ◇Low latency.

[0028] [Bistatic Sensing / Multistatic Sensing] This sensing method includes bistatic sensing from BS to BS (gNB-gNB, BS-BS, BS1-BS2, gNB-to-gNB, gNB1-to-gNB2) (Figure 2A), bistatic sensing from UE to BS (UE-gNB, UE-BS, UE-to-gNB) (Figure 2B), bistatic sensing from BS to UE (gNB-UE, BS-UE, gNB-to-UE) (Figure 3A), and bistatic sensing from UE to UE (UE-UE, UE1-UE2, UE-to-UE, UE1-to-UE2) (Figure 3B).

[0029] Scenarios suitable for BS-BS bistatic sensing have the following characteristics: ◇Tight synchronization and coordination between BSs is required, and scheduling coordination among multiple BSs is required. ◇The target may not have communication capabilities.

[0030] The capacity requirements for BS-BS bistatic sensing have the following characteristics: ◇Low capacity can be realized due to half duplex. ◇High capacity is required due to synchronization between BSs.

[0031] The performance of BS-BS bistatic sensing has the following characteristics: ◇High accuracy due to no quantization ◇Accuracy is related to the SNR of the echo signal ◇Medium latency.

[0032] Scenarios suitable for UE-BS, BS-UE and UE-UE bistatic sensing have the following characteristics: ◇ It requires communicating UEs to be around the target.

[0033] The capacity requirements for UE-BS bistatic sensing have the following characteristics: ◇It can be realized even with low capacity due to half duplex. ◇High UE positioning accuracy is required.

[0034] The capacity requirements for BS-UE bistatic sensing and UE-UE bistatic sensing have the following characteristics: ◇Low capacity can be realized due to half duplex. ◇UE needs sufficient computational resources and high accuracy of reflected signal detection. ◇High UE positioning accuracy is required.

[0035] The performance of UE-BS bistatic sensing, BS-UE bistatic sensing, and UE-UE bistatic sensing has the following characteristics: ◇ Medium accuracy due to quantization of feedback values ​​◇ Accuracy is related to the configured resources and UE location ◇ Long latency

[0036] In each of the embodiments described below, the following scenarios and assumptions may be used: ◇In ISAC scenarios, communication and sensing functions are required. ◇For low complexity and backward compatibility, TDD (half duplex) may be assumed instead of full duplex at BS and UE.

[0037] In a TDD-based ISAC system, sensing signals and reflected / echo signals are preferably transmitted and received in different time resources. For example, in BS-based sensing, including monostatic BS sensing and bistatic BS1-to-BS2 sensing, sensing signals are preferably transmitted in DL time resources, and reflected / echo signals are preferably received in UL time resources. For example, in UE-based sensing, including monostatic UE sensing and bistatic UE1-to-UE2 sensing, sensing signals are preferably transmitted in UL time resources, and reflected / echo signals are preferably received in DL time resources. In bistatic BS-to-UE sensing, DL time resources are preferably used for sensing. In bistatic UE-to-DL sensing, UL time resources are preferably used for sensing.

[0038] (ISAC scenarios and requirements for Rel. 19) Various requirements are being considered in the ISAC scenario for Rel. 19. Note that angle-related indicators are not considered as the range of KPI values. The following requirements are also being considered: Range: Horizontal positioning accuracy 10m-0.02m, vertical positioning accuracy 10m-0.2m, range resolution 10m-0.375m. Speed: Horizontal velocity accuracy 15m / s to 0.03m / s, vertical velocity accuracy 1.5m / s to 0.1m / s, velocity resolution 10m / s to 0.1m / s. Other: Latency of 60,000ms to 5ms, refresh rate of 60s to 0.1s, detection misses of 10% to 1%, false alarms of 5% to 1%.

[0039] (NR RS Pattern) In NR, the positioning reference signal (PRS) has a wide bandwidth and a pattern design that avoids range ambiguity, making it a suitable candidate for distance sensing. The bandwidth of the PRS is, for example, 24 to 272 physical resource blocks (PRBs). For example, a permuted houndstooth comb pattern is applied as the PRS pattern design. This is equivalent to Comb 1. Below, Features 1 to 3 used in the PRS pattern design will be described.

[0040] Feature 1 (Comb Pattern): RSs are arranged at predetermined intervals in the frequency direction. By applying the comb pattern, both frequency reuse and full bandwidth can be achieved. However, the comb pattern may narrow the estimation range of TOA (time of arrival of PRS / SRS).

[0041] Feature 2 (Staggered comb pattern): To overcome the above problem (Feature 1), a staggered comb pattern has been proposed, which can obtain a full range since no side peaks occur in the cross-correlation function.

[0042] Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern of Feature 2. As shown in Fig. 4, in Feature 2, the position (start position) of the comb pattern in the frequency direction is shifted by one subcarrier in each symbol.

[0043] In FIG. 4, each square represents one resource element (RE), that is, one symbol and one subcarrier resource. The horizontal direction represents time, and the vertical direction represents frequency. This also applies to other figures showing RS patterns unless otherwise specified. Also, FIG. 4 shows an RS pattern of 14 symbols (1 slot) and 12 subcarriers (1 RB).

[0044] Feature 3 (Permuted staggered comb pattern): A pattern is proposed that distributes the time-frequency grid more evenly, so that the accumulated signal contains increasingly denser symbols.

[0045] Fig. 5 is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern of Feature 3. As shown in Fig. 5, in Feature 3, the position (start position) of the comb pattern in the frequency direction is different for each symbol. The position (start position) of the comb pattern in the frequency direction is shifted in a different direction for each symbol.

[0046] (Analysis) In wireless sensing / ISAC for 5G-A (Advanced) / 6G, distance sensing of targets (non-communicating / communicating UEs) is one of the requirements. To achieve good performance in sensing range (i.e., large distance without ambiguity) and sensing resolution / accuracy (i.e., large effective bandwidth), it is necessary to appropriately design sensing signals / RS patterns. For example, NR PRS designed for positioning of communicating UEs may be applied as sensing RSs.

[0047] In the NR Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), the size of the downlink PRS resource in the time domain is set to L to achieve full coverage. PRS Then, comb size K comb PRS L PRS ≧K comb PRS must be satisfied. PRS ,K comb PRS} may be, for example, any of {2,2}, {4,2}, {6,2}, {12,2}, {4,4}, {12,4}, {6,6}, {12,6}, and {12,12}. Here, the following issues, Observation 1 and Observation 2, can be considered. Observation 1: NR PRS requirement L PRS ≧K comb PRSincreases the duration (i.e., delay). Observation 2: The positioning function is independent of the PDSCH / PUSCH transmission. The occupied time-frequency resources are very large, resulting in a very large overhead.

[0048] The NR PRS is a candidate RS for sensing. However, using the NR PRS directly for sensing may result in large overhead and may not be optimal for the ISAC system. Therefore, it is preferable to achieve full sensing coverage (i.e., a large ambiguity removal distance) with low overhead.

[0049] To reduce the impact of sensing on the communication system, it is preferable to design a low-overhead sensing RS. However, a low-overhead sparse RS causes ambiguity, which affects the sensing coverage. Therefore, it is preferable to eliminate the ambiguity (multi-peak autocorrelation) and achieve the expected sensing range.

[0050] Range ambiguity can be resolved if the comb sizes of two RSs are co-prime. For example, RSs with comb sizes 1 and N, RSs with comb sizes N and N+1, and RSs with comb sizes N-1 and N+1 (when N is an even number) are possible. Existing NR RSs (including NR PRSs) typically consider one comb size for one configuration, and the comb sizes available for different configurations are not co-prime.

[0051] Therefore, we apply two comb patterns RS and consider that the comb sizes are relatively prime. When the ambiguity function for each distance is graphed, there is only one common peak in the ambiguity function for each comb size. This common peak is used for distance estimation. Note that in the case of SCS 15 kHz, no range ambiguity occurs in an area with a radius of 10 km. Also, the ambiguity performance is the same with comb size 1, but the lobe width is much narrower (i.e., higher accuracy).

[0052] It is preferable to adopt the sensing method of the embodiment described below in the sensing RS design to reduce the overhead with the same sensing performance.

[0053] Therefore, the present inventors have conceived a method for improving the performance of wireless sensing.

[0054] Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0055] (Various Reinterpretations) In the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "( )" in a sentence may indicate an explanation of the word immediately preceding it (for example, an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, a supplementary explanation, etc. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "[ ]" in a sentence may be interpreted including the word in the meaning of the entire sentence, or may be interpreted excluding (ignoring) the word in the meaning of the entire sentence. Note that "( )" and "[ ]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than those mentioned above.

[0056] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0057] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0058] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0059] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0060] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0061] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0062] In the present disclosure, the terms mute, drop, abort, cancel, puncture, rate match, postpone, do not transmit, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0063] In the present disclosure, location, positioning, position, position measurement, position estimation, measurement value, estimated value, measurement result, sensing, sensing information, measurement quantity, measurement content, and measurement type may be read interchangeably.

[0064] In the present disclosure, the terms object, sensing object, sensing target, target, target, non-UE target, UE target, and sensing target may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the sensing target may have communication capability or may not have communication capability. In the present disclosure, the sensing target may include a UE. In the present disclosure, the terms UE target, target with communication capability, target device, and UE may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms non-UE target and target without communication capability may be interchangeable.

[0065] In the present disclosure, the terms "first signal," "communication signal," "RS," "radar signal," "communication and radar hybrid signal," "integrated signal," "ISAC signal," "sensing signal," and "signal transmitted by a transmitter" may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms "second signal," "echo signal," "signal impacted by an object," "signal reflected by an object," "signal refracted by an object," "signal diffracted by an object," "signal transmitted and received by a sensing transceiver," and "signal received by a receiver" may be interchangeable.

[0066] In the present disclosure, base station (BS), NG-RAN node, gNB, ng-eNB, NG-RAN, RAN, network (NW), TRP, TP, and RP may be read interchangeably.

[0067] In the present disclosure, the wireless communication method and the sensing method may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0068] In the present disclosure, RS and RSs may be interchangeable. Localization, location detection, and location estimation may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, defining XX, configuring / instructing XX, and receiving configuration / instruction of XX by a UE may be interchangeable.

[0069] Note that the sensing in the present disclosure may be the monostatic sensing or bistatic sensing described above (for example, FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, or 3B). That is, a UE or a base station transmits an RS (sensing RS) in the present disclosure, and the echo signal of the RS is received by the same or a different UE or base station. The UE in the present disclosure may refer to UE1 or UE2 in the above figures. The base station in the present disclosure may refer to gNB1 or gNB2 in the above figures. In the present disclosure, the UE and base station (gNB) may be interchangeable.

[0070] The TRS may be a CSI-RS (periodic CSI-RS) in an NZP CSI-RS resource set configured with TRS information (upper layer parameter trs-Info).

[0071] (Wireless communication method) A first UE (UE1 or UE2) / base station (gNB1 or gNB) receives a configuration related to a sensing RS. The first UE (UE1 or UE2) / base station (gNB1 or gNB) determines an arrangement of the sensing RS and transmits the sensing RS in the determined arrangement, and a second UE (UE1 or UE2) / base station (gNB1 or gNB) receives an echo signal from a target. The second UE / base station may receive the configuration related to the sensing RS from the first UE / base station in advance.

[0072] An overview of the sensing RS of the present disclosure will be described below.

[0073] 6A and 6B are diagrams illustrating examples of RS patterns in the present disclosure. (a) in Fig. 6A illustrates an RS pattern for NR PRS, in which one OFDM symbol with a comb size of 1 is substantially arranged in one slot. The overhead in (a) is assumed to be OH1 = 1 / 14.

[0074] 6(b) and 6(c) show new RS patterns used in the sensing of the present disclosure, in which two comb patterns RS with relatively prime comb sizes are applied. In FIG. 6(b), RSs with comb sizes 4 and 5 are alternately arranged for each symbol. In this case, the overhead is OH2 = 45% × OH1. In FIG. 6(c), RSs with comb sizes 6 and 7 are alternately arranged for each symbol. In this case, the overhead is OH3 = 31% × OH3.

[0075] Although Fig. 6(a) and Fig. 6(b) and (c) have the same unambiguous coverage and estimation accuracy, Fig. 6(b) and (c) have smaller overhead than Fig. 6(a) as mentioned above.

[0076] As described above, in the present disclosure, in order to reduce overhead, it is considered to apply two or more comb RSs as sensing RSs, arrange RSs with relatively prime comb sizes, and perform sensing.

[0077] First Embodiment In the first embodiment, a two-step RS-based sensing method that enables high-accuracy range estimation with low overhead will be described. A UE / base station determines the placement of a first sensing signal (RS) using a first comb size (step 1), determines the placement of a second sensing signal (RS) using a second comb size larger than the first comb size (step 2), and transmits the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal to a target. The comb size indicates the placement interval of the RS in the frequency direction (e.g., the number of SCSs). This two-step sensing method will be specifically described below.

[0078] <<Example of Two-Step Sensing>> Step 1: UE performs coarse localization based on RS with small comb size and bandwidth in frequency domain. Full coverage (by beam sweeping) is required for target detection and coarse localization.

[0079] Step 2: Accurate localization based on RS with large comb size and large bandwidth in frequency domain, which may or may not use the coarsely estimated location (or potential area) from step 1.

[0080] 7 is a diagram showing an example of a sensing RS pattern in step 1 and step 2 in the first embodiment. In the RS pattern used in step 1, the comb size K comb is 1, and the bandwidth (BW) used is 4 Subcarrier spacing (SCS). In the RS pattern used in step 2, the comb size K comb is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and the bandwidth (BW) is 8, 12, 16, 20 or 24 SCS.

[0081] The effective SCS of the sensing RS is SCS S =K comb *SCS. The length of the sensing RS is N rs Then, the occupied bandwidth of the sensing RS is BW=N rs *SCS S =N rs *K comb *Denoted as SCS.

[0082] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of target location using step 1 and step 2 in the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 8, the sensing distance interval corresponds to the comb size (the interval in the frequency direction of the RS). The box A in FIG. 8 indicates the potential distance (potential position) of the target, where a wide A indicates a large estimation error, and a narrow A indicates a small estimation error. The box B indicates the correct target position. However, if only step 2 is used, the UE may detect an incorrect target. However, by performing a rough distance estimation that eliminates ambiguity using step 1, the ambiguity of step 2 can be eliminated, and an accurate estimation result can be obtained.

[0083] The selection / combination of step 1 and step 2 is determined based on sensing requirements related to range coverage (or unambiguous distance) and distance estimation accuracy. For a service that requires large range coverage but low distance estimation accuracy, only step 1 is sufficient. For a service that requires small range coverage but high distance estimation accuracy, only step 2 is sufficient. For a service that requires both wide range coverage and high distance estimation accuracy, both step 1 and step 2 are necessary, and the processing order of step 1 and step 2 is free. In other words, step 2 may be performed after step 1, or step 1 may be performed after step 2, and similar sensing results will be obtained.

[0084] The UE may determine the number of comb sizes to use based on sensing requirements (e.g., range coverage / distance estimation accuracy). For example, the UE may increase the number of comb sizes to use as the distance estimation accuracy requirement increases.

[0085] That is, the UE may decide, based on the sensing requirements, whether to transmit only a first sensing signal using a first comb size, to transmit only a second sensing signal using a second comb size larger than the first comb size, or to transmit the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal.

[0086] <<RS Applied to Two-Step Sensing>> Multiple RSs with different patterns (e.g., comb sizes) and different effective bandwidths may be applied for two-step sensing. Ambiguity performance is limited by an RS with a small comb size, while resolution and accuracy performance are limited by an RS with a large bandwidth. Compared to the conventional method of setting one RS pattern for one sensing measurement, using multiple RS patterns with different settings for one measurement can improve ambiguity performance, resolution, and accuracy performance. For example, RS1 with a comb size of 2 and an effective bandwidth of 2 BW and RS2 with a comb size of 4 and an effective bandwidth of 2 BW may be used for one sensing measurement.

[0087] <<<Option 1>>> The UE may receive multiple configurations for resource sets and RSs for each sensing measurement. For example, two resource sets and two RSs (with different comb sizes / different bandwidths) may be configured / instructed for one sensing measurement. Only one sensing measurement result is reported or exchanged for these two resource sets and RSs.

[0088] <<<<Option 2>>> The UE may receive one configuration for resource (set) and RS for each sensing measurement. In this case, multiple sensing measurements may be jointly used to sense one target. For example, two sensing measurements and their associated resource (set) / RS may be configured / instructed to the UE, and the two sensing measurements may be jointly used to estimate one target. Note that the base station (BS) may decide whether to use multiple measurements without notifying the UE / cooperative BS. The time relationship between the multiple configurations may also be flexibly configured.

[0089] <<<Option 3>>> RS may be redefined to meet multiple comb sizes and bandwidth requirements. This option may be combined with the second to fourth example embodiments.

[0090] <<<<Variations of Options 1 and 2>>> Relationship in the time domain: Multiple configurations of resource [sets] and RSs may have the same period in the time domain, or may have the same or different periods. Multiple configurations of resource [sets] and RSs are preferably in consecutive slots / symbols, but may also be in non-consecutive slots / symbols.

[0091] Relationship in the frequency domain: The comb size of the first configuration of resources [set] and RSs may be larger (or smaller) than the second configuration of resources [set] and RSs. The number of BW / REs in the frequency domain of the first configuration of resources [set] and RSs may be equal to or larger (or smaller) than the number of BW / REs of the second configuration of resources [set] and RSs.

[0092] Relationships in the spatial domain: Multiple configurations for a resource [set] and RS may have the same QCL relationship (i.e., may be QCLed by the same RS), or may have the same or different QCL relationships (i.e., may be QCLed by the same or different RSs).

[0093] According to this embodiment, by using multiple RS patterns with different settings in one measurement, it is possible to improve ambiguity performance, resolution, and accuracy performance.

[0094] Second Embodiment A UE designs L combination patterns of sensing RSs, each with a different comb size. comb,1 ,...K comb,L This embodiment corresponds to option 3 of the first embodiment. As described above, it is preferable that the comb sizes of the multiple sensing RSs used simultaneously are mutually prime. Examples of comb sizes that can be used will be specifically described below.

[0095] For example, if the comb size is K comb,1 The RS pattern of is applied in step 1 of the first embodiment, and the comb size is K comb,2 ,...K comb,Lmay be applied to step 2 of the first embodiment.

[0096] <<Option 1>> L comb patterns RS with comb size K comb,1 ,...K comb,L It is preferable that K be coprime to achieve full range coverage. For example, when L=2, the following examples 1 to 4 are possible. The comb pattern RS means an arrangement pattern in which RSs are arranged at predetermined intervals in at least a part of a predetermined frequency range. Example 1: K comb,1 = 1 (i.e., no comb), K comb,2 >=1. That is, all integers are relatively prime to 1. Example 2: K comb,2 =K comb,1 +1 (K comb,1 >= 1). That is, adjacent integers are mutually prime. Example 3: K comb,2 =K comb,1 +2 (K comb,1 >=1, K comb,1 is any odd number). In other words, adjacent odd numbers are mutually prime. Example 4: K comb,1 = 2 and K comb,2 is an odd integer. That is, all odd integers are relatively prime to 2.

[0097] It should be noted that when three or more comb sizes are applied, all comb sizes may be relatively prime, or at least two comb sizes may be relatively prime. The UE may determine whether all comb sizes are relatively prime based on sensing requirements.

[0098] 9 is a diagram showing Example 1 of the RS pattern of the second embodiment. The comb size of the first RS pattern is K comb,1 = 1, and the comb size of the second RS pattern is K comb,2 = 4. As in Figure 8, the box A in Figure 9 indicates the potential distance (potential position) of the target, and the box B indicates the correct position of the target. The same applies to the other figures.

[0099] 10 is a diagram showing Example 2 of the RS pattern of the second embodiment. The comb size of the first RS pattern is K comb,1 = 3, and the comb size of the second RS pattern is Kcomb,2 =4.

[0100] 11 is a diagram showing Example 3 of the RS pattern of the second embodiment. The comb size of the first RS pattern is K comb,1 = 3, and the comb size of the second RS pattern is K comb,2 =5.

[0101] 12 is a diagram showing an example of a combination of RS patterns according to the second embodiment. In FIG. 12, when one comb size (co prime with) is one of 1 to 5, a combination of comb sizes that are relatively prime (K comb,1 ,K comb,2 ) is shown.

[0102] <<Option 2>> L RS combs of size K comb,1 ,...,K comb,L can be any integer, as long as they are not exactly the same. That is, for any i and j, K comb,i ≠K comb,j is.

[0103] The sequence of L comb patterns RS may be generated independently or jointly.

[0104] The RS combination patterns may be generated at the OFDM symbol level (see the third embodiment) / slot level (see aspect 4-4). The number of comb pattern RSs is L, and the set of supported comb sizes is X. comb,i , (K comb,1 ,...,K comb,L At least one of the combinations of (a) and (b) may be predefined in the specification, may be configured / instructed to the UE by signaling defined in aspect 3-4, or may be based on the UE capability information sent by the UE.

[0105] According to this embodiment, the ambiguity performance, resolution, and precision performance can be improved by using RS patterns of disjoint comb sizes for one measurement.

[0106] <Third embodiment> A UE / base station may determine the arrangement of sensing signals (RSs) using a first RS pattern (regular RS pattern) in which RSs are distributed at regular frequency intervals using a specific comb size, or a second RS pattern (irregular RS pattern) in which RSs are not spaced at regular frequency intervals, and transmit a signal using the first RS pattern or the second RS pattern to a target.

[0107] The third embodiment may be combined with the first and second embodiments. That is, a UE / base station may determine a first sensing signal (RS) arrangement using a first comb size (step 1), determine a second sensing signal (RS) arrangement using a second comb size larger than the first comb size (step 2), and transmit the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal to a target. A regular RS pattern or an irregular RS pattern may be applied to the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal. The first comb size and the second comb size may be relatively prime.

[0108] <<Aspect 3-1>> The frequency domain resources of L comb-pattern RSs in one sensing RS will be described.

[0109] Based on whether consecutive REs are occupied by sensing RSs, a regular sensing RS pattern and an irregular sensing RS pattern may be defined.

[0110] The regular sensing RS pattern is such that all REs have a specific comb size K comb,i This means a pattern that is uniformly distributed (at a fixed frequency interval) by

[0111] The irregular sensing RS pattern is a group-based comb pattern RS with a comb size K. comb,i N RS,i REs are defined for one RB (or a portion of an RB) rather than the entire bandwidth, and all REs are distributed unevenly across the entire bandwidth.

[0112] The following parameters may be defined for the frequency domain resource of the sensing RS consisting of L comb RSs: Number of RBs with RSs N RB,i or the total number of REs with RS, N RE,i (i=1,..,L) The number of REs that sense the RS in one RB, N RS,i , comb size K comb,i , (i=1,..,L). In the case of a regular sensing RS pattern, N RS,i *K comb,i ≧12, (N RS,i -1)K comb,i < 12. In the case of irregular sensing RS patterns, N RS,i *K comb,i <12 is true.

[0113] N RB,i , N RE,i At least one of the above may be set / instructed based on aspects 3-4. comb,i and N RS,i The setting / instruction of N is related to the sensing RS pattern. In the case of a regular sensing RS pattern, based on aspect 3-4, RS,i Or comb size K comb,i In case of irregular sensing RS pattern, either N RS,i and K. comb,i Both may be set / instructed based on aspects 3-4.

[0114] 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of an irregular sensing RS pattern. In the irregular sensing RS pattern, there are consecutive REs with no RS (NO RS). In FIG. 13, a comb size K comb,i The RS pattern of k = 2 is distributed, and no RS is arranged in other frequency domains. In all RBs (entire bandwidth) of the second symbol, the comb size is K comb,i =3 RS patterns are distributed.

[0115] 14 is a diagram showing an example of a regular sensing RS pattern. In the regular sensing RS pattern, RSs are regularly distributed in all RBs (full bandwidth). In FIG. 14, the comb size K comb,i = 2 RS patterns are distributed, and in all RBs (full bandwidth) of the second symbol, K comb,i =3 RS patterns are distributed.

[0116] In Fig. 13 and Fig. 14, the total number of REs having RS is N RE,i =N RS,i *N RB,i In addition, the effective BW is 12N RB,i This becomes:

[0117] According to this aspect, for example, an irregular sensing pattern in which RSs are not arranged in some areas can be used to flexibly accommodate cases in which other RSs are arranged. Furthermore, by using a regular sensing RS pattern, it is possible to improve sensing accuracy.

[0118] <<Aspect 3-2>> A combination pattern in the frequency domain of L comb pattern RSs that form one sensing RS will be described.

[0119] Option 1: The L comb pattern RSs may occupy the same bandwidth, which provides the same range resolution and accuracy for the same bandwidth, but with a larger overhead.

[0120] Fig. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of an RS pattern in Option 1 of Aspect 3-2. In Fig. 15, the effective BW is the same in two symbols (1 RB), but the number of REs (the number of REs having sensing RSs) is different (6 RE, 4 RE).

[0121] Option 2: L comb-pattern RSs may occupy the same number of REs. In this case, the same frequency reuse is possible for the two comb-pattern RSs. The sequence lengths of the two comb-pattern RSs are the same. For example, the maximum frequency reuse ratio (i.e., K comb,1 *K comb,2In order to achieve this, both CDM and offset methods may be used together. comb,1 ,K comb,2 ) or less, the offset method may be used.

[0122] Figure 16 is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern of option 2 of aspect 3-2. In the regular RS of Figure 16, the number of REs (the number of REs having a sensing RS) is the same (12 REs) in two symbols, but the effective BWs are different (2 RBs, 3 RBs). In the irregular RS of Figure 16, the number of REs (the number of REs having a sensing RS) is the same (4 REs) in two symbols, but the effective BWs are different (8 subcarriers, 1 RB).

[0123] Option 3: L comb-pattern RSs may occupy different numbers of REs and different bandwidths. In this case, the flexibility of selecting the comb size and bandwidth of the two comb-pattern RSs increases. For example, if the available bandwidths for the symbols in one slot are different, Option 1, NR PRS, may not work, but Option 3 is workable.

[0124] Fig. 17 is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern of Option 3 of Aspect 3-2. In the regular sensing RS pattern of Fig. 17, the number of REs (the number of REs having a sensing RS) is different (6 RE, 8 RE) and the effective BW is also different (1 RB, 2 RB) in two symbols. In the irregular sensing RS pattern of Fig. 17, the number of REs (the number of REs having a sensing RS) is different (3 RE, 4 RE) and the effective BW is also different (6 subcarriers, 1 RB) in two symbols.

[0125] For options 1 to 3, the UE may be explicitly instructed, but RE,i ,N RS,i ,N RB,i ,K comb,i It may also be implicitly indicated via

[0126] Variations: Frequency reuse may be used as multiple orthogonal sensing RS ports, used for different sensing transmitters within one cell, or allocated to adjacent cells to reduce interference. Options 1-3 differ in frequency reuse factor and frequency reuse method as shown in the examples.

[0127] Fig. 18 is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern in a variation of aspect 3-2. A UE / base station may allocate signals from multiple ports in one symbol. In Fig. 18, three RS ports are allocated in one symbol. Comb size 1 is applied to symbol 1, and comb size 3 is applied to symbol 2, and the frequency domain is reused by three RS ports in one RB. CDM may be applied to each port.

[0128] 18, the RS of port 2 of symbol 2 is offset upward by 3 RE from the RS of port 2 of symbol 1. This allows the same number of RSs of ports 1 to 3 to be placed in symbol 2 within the same bandwidth as symbol 1.

[0129] Fig. 19 is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern in a variation of aspect 3-2. In Fig. 19, six RS ports are arranged in one symbol. A comb size of 2 is applied to symbol 1, and a comb size of 3 is applied to symbol 2, thereby reusing the frequency domain by six RS ports in one RB. In symbol 1, CDM may be applied to ports 1 and 2 and ports 3 and 4, and in symbol 2, CDM may be applied to ports 1, 2, and 3 and ports 4, 5, and 6.

[0130] 19, the RS at port 3 of symbol 2 is offset upward by 6 RE relative to the RS at port 3 of symbol 1. This allows the same number of RSs at ports 1 to 6 to be placed in the same bandwidth in symbol 2 as in symbol 1.

[0131] In FIGS. 18 and 19, the RSs at different ports may be of different types or may be of the same type.

[0132] <<Aspect 3-3>> To form one sensing RS, frequency offsets of L comb-pattern RSs may be defined.

[0133] frequency offset k offset,i , i=1,...,L considers L comb patterns RS, which may be the same or different.

[0134] For a regular sensing RS pattern, for I=1,...,L, the frequency offset is smaller than (or less than or equal to) the comb size. That is, k offset,i ∈{0,1,…,K comb,i -1}.

[0135] 20A and 20B are diagrams showing examples of regular sensing RS patterns of aspect 3-3. In FIG. 20A, in each symbol, the comb size K comb = 2 is applied and the offset is 1. That is, the offset in each comb pattern RS is the same. In FIG. 20B, in symbol 1, comb size K comb = 2 is applied and the offset is 1. In symbol 2, comb size K comb = 3 is applied and the offset is 2, i.e. the offset in each comb pattern RS is different.

[0136] For irregular sensing RS patterns, partial REs after combing are effectively occupied to detect RSs in one RB, and the frequency offset is larger than the comb size. offset,i ∈{0,1,…,11-(N RS,i -1)K comb,i} where N RS,i represents the number of REs with RS in one RB.

[0137] 21A, 21B, and 21C are diagrams showing examples of irregular sensing RS patterns in aspect 3-3. In FIG. 21A, in symbol 1, the comb size K comb = 2 is applied and the offset is 5. In symbol 2, comb size K comb =3 is applied and the offset is 0.

[0138] In FIG. 21B, in symbol 1, comb size K comb = 1 is applied and the offset is 2. In symbol 2, comb size K comb = 3 is applied and the offset is 0. That is, the offset in each comb pattern RS is different.

[0139] In FIG. 21C, in symbol 1, comb size K comb = 1 is applied and the offset is 8. In symbol 2, comb size K comb =3 is applied and the offset is 0.

[0140] As described above, in FIGS. 21A, 21B, and 21C, in the irregular RS arrangement, the frequency offset is larger than the comb size.

[0141] In Options 2 and 3 of Aspect 3-2, two comb pattern RSs occupy different effective bandwidths. In this case, the relative RB offsets between the L comb pattern RSs can be defined as koffset,RB,i,...,koffset,RB,L-1.

[0142] The range of values ​​for koffset,RB,i is related to the total number of RBs occupied by the L comb patterns RS. For example, equation (1) holds. Here, ceil((N RS,i k comb,i ) / 12) indicates the number of RBs substantially occupied by the i-th comb pattern RS.

[0143]

[0144] Frequency offset k in one RB offset,i and the relative RB offset koffset,RB,i can be jointly used for a regular sensing RS pattern. Note that in the case of an irregular sensing RS pattern, the total number of RBs occupied by the L comb-shaped RSs may be the same as that in Option 2 of Aspect 3-2.

[0145] 22A to 22D are diagrams showing examples of relative RB offsets between two comb-pattern RSs. Fig. 22A corresponds to option 1 of aspect 3-2 having an irregular sensing RS pattern, and shows an example where the effective bandwidth of the RS pattern for each symbol is the same and there is no relative RB offset. Fig. 22B to 22D correspond to options 2 and 3 of aspect 3-2 having a regular sensing RS pattern, and show examples where the effective bandwidth of the RS pattern for each symbol is different and there is a relative RB offset.

[0146] <<Aspect 3-4>> Relevant parameters and configuration / instruction signaling for the sensing RS in the frequency domain will be described.

[0147] At least one of the following parameters may be defined for a composite sensing RS in the frequency domain. A UE / base station may receive at least one of the following parameters through upper layer signaling / physical layer signaling. The parameter names are not limited to those shown below. The number L of comb-pattern RSs for forming one sensing RS is given by the parameter sensingRS-ComposedRsNum. The sensing RS pattern (regular or irregular) of the L comb-pattern RSs is given by the parameter sensingRS-Pattern. The comb size K of the L comb RSs comb,1 ,K comb,2 ,...,K comb,L is given by the parameter sensingRS-CombSizeN. The number of RBs sensing RS, N RB,1 ,...,N RB,L , the total number of REs sensing the RS, N RE,1 ,...,N RE,L is given by the parameter sensingRS-Bandwidth. The number of REs that detect RS in one RB, N RS,1 ,...,N RS,L is given by the parameter sensingRS-NumRePerRB. Frequency offset k offset,1 ,...,k offset,Lis given by the sensingRS-ReOffset parameter. The relative RB offsets koffset,RB,i,...,koffset,RB,L are given by the sensingRS-RbOffset parameter.

[0148] The parameters of the L comb-shaped RSs may be configured jointly or separately. In the case of joint configuration, for example, one parameter corresponds to multiple values ​​(e.g., two or more values ​​of the above-mentioned L, RS pattern index, comb size, number of RBs, number of REs, frequency offset, and relative RB offset). In this case, a table indicating the relationship between parameters and values ​​may be defined in the specifications, or may be configured in the UE / base station in advance by higher layer signaling.

[0149] If they are configured separately, the BS may determine L without informing the UE / cooperative BS. If different settings are configured, the measurement / feedback / UE behavior will be different. The time relationship between multiple settings may also be flexibly configured.

[0150] If only one comb pattern RS is set (ie, L=1), the existing sensing method may be applied.

[0151] Regarding the configuration / instruction parameters (related parameters) related to this embodiment as described above, at least one of the following signaling may be applied: - In gNB-to-UE bistatic sensing and UE monostatic sensing, the UE may receive configuration / instruction including related parameters for each sensing channel / signal measurement resource from the gNB via SIB / DCI / RRC / MAC CE or from the LMF / Sensing Function (SF) via LPP. - In the case of UE1-to-UE2 bistatic sensing, UE2 may receive configuration / instruction including related parameters for each sensing channel / signal measurement resource from the gNB via SIB / DCI / RRC / MAC CE, from the LMF / SF via LPP, or from UE1 via sidelink. In the case of gNB1-to-gNB2 bistatic sensing, gNB2 may receive configuration / instruction including relevant parameters for each sensing channel / signal measurement resource from gNB1 via Xn or from LMF / SF via NRPPa. In the case of UE-to-gNB bistatic sensing, gNB may receive configuration / instruction including relevant parameters for each sensing channel / signal measurement resource from LMF / SF via NRPPa.

[0152] Variations: Partial parameters may be predefined in the specification, may be set / indicated by the signaling mentioned above, or may be set depending on the UE capability information.

[0153] Note that the frequency domain design of the third embodiment may be applied with TDM or FDM. For example, the following Option 1 or 2 may be applied. Option 1 (TDM): By using the OFDM symbol-level combined sensing RS of the fourth embodiment and the slot-level combined sensing RS of the fifth embodiment, multiple comb-pattern RSs are combined with one sensing RS in a TDM manner. Option 2 (FDM): Multiple comb-pattern RSs are combined with one sensing RS in an FDM manner, either explicitly or implicitly. For example, the relative RB offset of L sensing RSs is koffset,RB,i≧koffset,RB,i−1+BW i-1 Meet the following.

[0154] According to the third embodiment, the design in the frequency domain (offset in the frequency direction, gap, etc.) can be flexibly set, and therefore sensing can be performed appropriately according to sensing requirements, etc.

[0155] Fourth Embodiment A description will be given of the formation and setting of one sensing RS in which L comb pattern RSs per slot are combined in the time domain.

[0156] For example, a UE / base station (gNB) may place a first pattern sensing signal (comb pattern RS1) using a first comb size and a second pattern sensing signal (comb pattern RS2) using a second comb size larger than the first comb size in different time domains, and transmit the first pattern sensing signal and the second pattern sensing signal to a target.

[0157] For example, at least two OFDM symbols may be used for L comb-pattern RSs in one slot, i.e., L≧2, but the following example will be described for the case where L=2.

[0158] For each comb pattern RS, a staggered pattern and a permuted staggered pattern may also be considered, and similarly, for two comb patterns RS, a staggered pattern and a permuted staggered pattern may also be considered.

[0159] Fig. 23 is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern according to the fourth embodiment. Fig. 23 shows an example of an RS pattern in which a comb-pattern RS1 and a comb-pattern RS2 are combined.

[0160] For example, two or four comb patterns RS1(L RS,1 =2 or 4), two or three comb patterns RS2 (L RS,2 1 shows an example of a staggered pattern using RS1 (=2 or 3). That is, the comb pattern RS1 of the first symbol is shifted in a specific frequency direction for each symbol, thereby forming multiple RS patterns (multiple symbols).

[0161] Also, for example, four comb patterns RS1(L RS,1 =4) and three comb patterns RS2 (L RS,2 1 shows a permuted staggered pattern using a 1-symbol comb pattern (RS1 = 3). That is, the comb pattern RS1 of the first symbol is shifted in a specific frequency direction in the next symbol, and then in the opposite frequency direction in the symbol after that, and this is repeated to form multiple RS patterns (multiple symbols).

[0162] Also, for example, the combined RSA is RS,1 =4 permutation houndstooth pattern comb patterns RS1 and L RS,2 The pattern is a direct combination of the comb pattern RS2 of the permuted houndstooth pattern of ∇ = 3. RS,1 =4 permutation houndstooth pattern comb patterns RS1 and L RS,2This pattern is a combination of comb pattern RS2, which is a permutation houndstooth pattern of 0.5, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.14, 1.15, 1.16, 1.17,

[0163] <<Aspect 4-1>> Formation of one sensing RS in which L (L≧2) comb pattern RSs per slot are combined in the time domain will be described.

[0164] <<<<Option 1>>> Consecutive OFDM symbols may be used for the L comb pattern RSs. In this case, L start,i The first symbol (start position) of the sensing RS in the slot L RS,1 ,…,L RS,L may be defined as the size of the sensing RS resource in the time domain for each of the L comb-pattern RSs. The UE may receive the configuration of the initial symbol and the size of each sensing RS resource through upper layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0165] 24A is a diagram showing an example of Option 1 of Aspect 4-1. In FIG. 24A, the start position (l start =2), size of comb pattern RS1 (L RS,1 = 4) and the size of comb pattern RS2 (L RS,2 =3) are defined respectively.

[0166] <<<<Option 2>>> OFDM symbols that are not consecutive in the time direction may be used for the L comb-pattern RSs. In this case, for example, Option 2-1 or 2-2 may be applied.

[0167] Option 2-1: L start,i is the first symbol of the i-th comb pattern RS in the slot, L RS,i and are defined as the time domain sensing RS resource sizes of the i-th comb-pattern RS, respectively. The UE may receive the first symbol of each comb-pattern RS and the size of each sensing RS resource configuration via upper layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0168] Compared to Option 2-2, even if the gap between adjacent comb patterns RS is not constant, appropriate settings can be made.

[0169] FIG. 24B is a diagram showing an example of Option 2-1 of Aspect 4-1. In FIG. 24B, the start position (l start,1 = 2), the starting position of comb pattern RS2 (l start,2 =9), size of comb pattern RS1 (L RS,1 = 4) and the size of comb pattern RS2 (L RS,2 =3) are defined respectively.

[0170] Option 2-2: L start Let L be the first symbol of the sensing RS in the slot. gap The gap between adjacent comb patterns RS, L RS,1 ,…,L RS,L may be defined as the size of the sensing RS resource in the time domain for each of the L comb-pattern RSs. The UE may receive the configuration of the first symbol of the sensing RS, the gap between adjacent comb-pattern RSs, and the size of each sensing RS resource through upper layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0171] When the number of comb patterns RS is large and the gap between adjacent comb patterns RS is constant, the number of setting parameters can be reduced compared to option 2-1.

[0172] L gap may be set to a different value for each gap between the comb patterns RS (L gap,1 ,…,L gap,n ) In this case, it is also applicable to the case where the gaps between the comb patterns RS are not constant.

[0173] FIG. 24C is a diagram showing an example of Option 2-2 of Aspect 4-1. In FIG. 24C, the start position (l start,1 = 2), the gap between adjacent comb patterns RS (l gap =3), size of comb pattern RS1 (L RS,1 = 4) and the size of comb pattern RS2 (L RS,2=3) are defined respectively.

[0174] Option 2 allows more flexible configuration of sensing RS resources than Option 1. In addition, the valid time is longer, which improves speed estimation performance.

[0175] <<<Others>>> Fig. 25 is a diagram showing another example of aspect 4-1. As in the example of Fig. 25, L comb patterns RS may be alternately used and combined for each symbol.

[0176] <<Aspect 4-2>> Formation of one sensing RS using time domain resources of L (L≧2) comb-pattern RSs per slot will be described.

[0177] For the time domain resources of the sensing RS, the repetition and muting methods defined in the NR PRS may be reused.

[0178] For example, when a sensing RS with two comb pattern RSs is used in each slot, the UE may receive at least one setting of the sensing RS / sensing RS resource set period, sensing RS resource / sensing RS resource set offset, sensing RS resource slot offset, repetition factor, repetition interval, and muting repetition factor through upper layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0179] Fig. 26 is a diagram showing an example of RS resources in aspect 4-2. As shown in Fig. 26, the resource index indicates the index of the sensing RS resource. Since the repetition factor of resource index #1 is set to 2, it is repeated twice. In addition, as described above, the offset of the sensing RS resource, the offset of the sensing RS resource set, the repetition interval (resource time gap), the period of the sensing RS resource set, etc. are set.

[0180] As the RS pattern for resource index #1 (e.g., slots 3, 5, 13, and 15) in Figure 26, either an RS pattern using TDM for two comb-pattern RSs (e.g., Figure 24A) or an RS pattern using FDM (e.g., Figure 27 described below) may be used.

[0181] 27 is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern using FDM for two comb patterns RS. RS,1 = 4) and comb pattern RS2 (L RS,2 =3) is multiplexed in the frequency direction.

[0182] For example, TDM and FDM may be used in combination. For example, if there are four comb patterns, comb patterns RS1 and RS2 may be multiplexed by TDM, comb patterns RS1 and RS3 may be multiplexed by FDM, comb patterns RS2 and RS4 may be multiplexed by FDM, and comb patterns RS3 and RS4 may be multiplexed by TDM.

[0183] <<Aspect 4-3>> This section describes a muting bit pattern design for a combined sensing RS at the OFDM symbol level. A UE / base station may determine whether to mute a sensing signal (RS) located within a specific time region based on a muting bit set for the specific time region. For example, the muting bit may be set in the UE by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling to mute the sensing RS when a channel / signal other than the sensing RS is transmitted.

[0184] <<<<Option 1>>> Each binary bit of the muting bit pattern is defined and used for one sensing RS resource set instance level (period) (e.g., 10 slots). A muting bit repetition factor may be further defined for the sensing RS resource set instance level. The muting bit repetition factor means the number of times the same muting bit is repeated.

[0185] 28A and 28B are diagrams illustrating examples of RS patterns in Option 1 of Aspect 4-3. In FIG. 28A and FIG. 28B, resource indexes #t1 and #t2 are indices of transmission instances of sensing RS resources, and resource indexes #m1 and #m2 are muting instances of sensing RS resources.

[0186] Note that the sensing RS is transmitted in the slots of resource indexes #t1 and #t2, and is muted (not transmitted) in the slots of resource indexes #m1 and #m2. Also, a muting bit of 1 means that muting is not performed, and a muting bit of 0 means that muting is performed. These definitions are the same in other figures.

[0187] In FIG. 28A, the muting bit pattern is [1 0], and the instance-level muting bit pattern of the sensing RS resource set is [1 0 1 0 1 0...].

[0188] In FIG. 28B, the muting bit pattern is [1 0], the muting bit repetition factor is 2, and the instance-level muting bit pattern of the sensing RS resource set is [1 1 0 0...].

[0189] Option 2: Each binary bit of a muting bit pattern is defined and used for one sensing RS resource (including one slot of one sensing RS). If a repetition factor is considered for the sensing RS resource, the effective muting bit pattern is also repeated.

[0190] 29A is a diagram illustrating an example of an RS pattern of Option 2 of Aspect 4-3. In FIG. 29A, the muting bit pattern is [0 1], the muting bit repetition factor is 2, and the muting bit pattern of the sensing RS repetition level is [0 0 1 1...].

[0191] <<<Options 1 and 2>>> If both options 1 and 2 are configured, the UE may perform a bitwise AND / OR operation on the muting bit patterns of option 1 and option 2 to determine the final muting bit pattern, and apply the resulting bits as muting bits.

[0192] Fig. 29B is a diagram showing examples of RS patterns of options 1 and 2 of aspect 4-3. In Fig. 29B, the muting bit pattern in option 1 is [1 0], and the muting bit pattern of the sensing RS repetition level in option 2 is [0 0 1 1...]. In other words, the result of performing an AND operation on the muting bits in Fig. 28A and the muting bits in Fig. 29A is applied.

[0193] <<<Option 3>>> Each binary bit of the muting bit pattern may be defined and used for one comb pattern RS of one sensing RS resource [set].

[0194] For example, if one sensing RS resource includes two comb pattern RSs, the muting bit pattern requires two binary bits. The muting bit pattern at the comb pattern RS level enables flexible selection and combination of multiple comb pattern RSs, enabling the two steps of the first embodiment.

[0195] A repetition factor of the muting bits may be further defined for at least one of the RS resource set instance level and RS resource level detection. When the repetition factor is considered for detecting RS resources, the valid muting bit pattern may also be repeated.

[0196] 30A is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern for option 3 of aspect 4-3. In FIG. 30A, the muting bit pattern is [1 0]. This means that, for example, in slots with resource indexes #t1 and #t2, comb pattern RS1 is used for sensing, and comb pattern RS2 is muted (not used).

[0197] <<<Option 1 / 2 / 3>>> Option 1, Option 2 and Option 3 may be applied in combination. For example, when multiple options are configured in a UE, a bitwise AND / OR operation may be performed on the muting bit patterns of Option 1, Option 2 and Option 3 to determine the final muting bit pattern.

[0198] Figure 30B is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern combining option 1 and option 3 of aspect 4-3. In Figure 30B, the muting bit pattern of option 3 is [1 0], and the muting bit pattern of option 1 is [1 0], and an AND operation is applied. That is, as shown in Figure 28A, the instance-level muting bit pattern of the sensing RS resource set of option 1 is [1 0 1 0], and slots 13, 15, 16, 18, 33, 35, 36, and 38 are muted by the AND operation with the muting bits in Figure 30A.

[0199] Figure 30C is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern combining option 2 and option 3 of aspect 4-3. In Figure 30C, the muting bit pattern of option 3 is [1 0], and the muting bit pattern of option 2 is [0 1], and an AND operation is applied. That is, as shown in Figure 29A, the muting bit pattern of the sensing RS repetition level of option 2 is [0 0 1 1...], and slots 3, 5, 13, 15, 23, 25, 33, and 35 are muted by the AND operation with the muting bits in Figure 30A.

[0200] 31A to 31D are diagrams showing examples of RS patterns in slots in Option 3 of Aspect 4-3. A bit “1” means that the corresponding sensing RS (comb pattern RS) is used, and a bit “0” means that the corresponding sensing RS (comb pattern RS) is not used (muted).

[0201] That is, Fig. 31A shows a muting bit pattern [1 0], which means that comb pattern RS1 is used and comb pattern RS2 is muted. Fig. 31B shows a muting bit pattern [0 1], which means that comb pattern RS1 is muted and comb pattern RS2 is used. Fig. 31C shows a muting bit pattern [1 1], which means that comb pattern RS1 is used and comb pattern RS2 is used. Fig. 31D shows a muting bit pattern [0 0], which means that comb pattern RS1 is muted and comb pattern RS2 is muted.

[0202] <<Aspect 4-4>> Related parameters and configuration / instruction signaling for OFDM symbol level joint sensing RS will be described. The UE may receive at least one of the following parameters through higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0203] The UE / base station may receive at least one of the following parameters for time domain pattern configuration / instruction: First symbol l of the sensing RS in the slot start,1 ,…,l start,L , the gap between the first symbol and the symbol l start,1 ,l gap,1 ,…,l gap,L-1 is given by the parameter sensingRS-ResourceSymbolOffset. start If only one is configured, consecutive OFDM symbols may be used, similar to option 1 of aspect 4-1. The size of the sensing RS resource in the time domain, L RS,1 ,…,L RS,L is given by the parameter sensingRS-NumSymbols. RS,iand k comb,,i A combination of values ​​may be provided by a particular parameter.

[0204] The UE / base station may receive at least one of the following parameters for configuring / indicating the time domain resource (set): - The periodicity and slot offset may be given by one parameter sensingRS-Periodicity-and-ResourceSetSlotOffset, or may be given as separate parameters such as sensingRS-Periodicity and sensingRS-ResourceSetSlotOffset. - The sensing RS resource slot offset may be given by the parameter sensingRS-ResourceSlotOffset. - The repetition factor may be given by the parameter sensingRS-ResourceRepetitionFactor. - The muting repetition factor may be given by the parameter sensingRS-MutingBitRepetitionFactor. - The time gap may be given by the parameter sensingRS-ResourceTimeGap.

[0205] Regarding the configuration / instruction parameters (related parameters) related to this embodiment as described above, at least one of the following signaling may be applied: - In gNB-to-UE bistatic sensing and UE monostatic sensing, the UE may receive configuration / instruction including related parameters for each sensing channel / signal measurement resource from the gNB via SIB / DCI / RRC / MAC CE or from the LMF / Sensing Function (SF) via LPP. - In the case of UE1-to-UE2 bistatic sensing, UE2 may receive configuration / instruction including related parameters for each sensing channel / signal measurement resource from the gNB via SIB / DCI / RRC / MAC CE, from the LMF / SF via LPP, or from UE1 via sidelink. In the case of gNB1-to-gNB2 bistatic sensing, gNB2 may receive configuration / instruction including relevant parameters for each sensing channel / signal measurement resource from gNB1 via Xn or from LMF / SF via NRPPa. In the case of UE-to-gNB bistatic sensing, gNB may receive configuration / instruction including relevant parameters for each sensing channel / signal measurement resource from LMF / SF via NRPPa.

[0206] Variations: Partial parameters may be predefined in the specification, may be set / indicated by the signaling mentioned above, or may be set depending on the UE capability information.

[0207] Variation: The parameters of the L comb pattern RSs may be commonly defined / configured for multiple comb pattern RSs, or may be individually defined / configured. If individually configured, the BS can determine L without notifying the UE / cooperative BS. If the definitions / configurations are different, the measurement, feedback, and UE behavior will be different. The time relationship between multiple configurations may also be flexibly configured.

[0208] <Example of Sensing RS in Sensing RS Resource> An example of mapping of sensing RS resources to physical resources is shown below for the second embodiment, the third embodiment, and aspects 4-1 and 4-4. Note that the UE may receive at least one of the following parameters by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling. The parameter names are not limited to those shown below.

[0209] For each configured sensing RS resource, the sensing receiver (cooperative BS or UE) determines the sequence r of the i-th comb-pattern RS. i (m) is the coefficient β senseRS,i and the resource element (k,l) is scaled by p,u It is assumed that the α k,l (p,u) =β senseRS,i r i (m) m=0,1,... k=mK comb,i +((12koffset,RB,i+k offset,i +k')modK comb,i ) l=l start,i ,l start,i +1,...,l start,i +L RS,i -1

[0210] In relation to the above formula, the following conditions may be met: Resource element (k, l) p,uis within the resource block occupied by the sensing RS resource configured by the sensing receiver (cooperative BS or UE). Symbol l is not used by the SS / PBCH block used by the serving cell for sensing RSs transmitted from the same serving cell or by SS / PBCH blocks from non-serving cells. The time-frequency location of the SS / PBCH block is provided to the sensing receiver (cooperative BS or UE) by higher layers for sensing RSs transmitted from the same non-serving cell. Note that in 5G-A or 6G wireless sensing, this condition may be relaxed, as described in the seventh embodiment. The slot number satisfies the conditions in Aspect 4-2 and Aspect 4-3. The comb pattern RS index i satisfies the condition in Option 3 of Aspect 4-3. If the ith comb pattern RS is muted as discussed in Option 3 of Aspect 4-3, the above generation and mapping to physical resources is also muted. Antenna port p=6000. The number L≧1 of comb pattern RSs for forming one sensing RS is given by the parameter sensingRS-ComposedRsNum. start,1 is the first symbol of the i-th comb parameter RS ​​sensing in a slot, and is given by the parameter sensingRS-ResourceSymbolOffset. The size l of the i-th comb RS of one sensing RS resource in the time domain RS,1 ≦K comb,i is given by the parameter sensingRS-NumSymbols. Comb size K comb,i is given by the sensing RS resource parameter sensingRS-CombSizeN-AndReOffset. Resource RB offset K offset,RB,i is obtained from the parameter sensingRS-RbOffset. Resource-element offset K offset,i is obtained from the sensingRS-ReOffset parameter. The quantity k' is designed for permutations.

[0211] <Example of Sensing RS in Sensing RS Resource> Based on aspect 4-2, aspect 4-3, and aspect 4-4, an example of "mapping of sensing RS to slots in a sensing RS resource set" is shown below.

[0212] For a sensing RS resource in the sensing RS resource set, the sensing receiver (cooperative BS or UE) may assume that the sensing RS resource is transmitted if the slot number and frame number satisfy at least one of the following equations and conditions:

[0213]

[0214] The condition is at least one of the following: The parameters sensingRS-MutingOption1, sensingRS-MutingOption2, and sensingRS-MutingOption3 are not provided. The parameter sensingRS-MutingOption1 is not provided in the bitmap {b 1}, but the bitmap {b 2} and bitmap {b 3} is not provided, and bit b i 1 is set. ・The parameter sensingRS-MutingOption2 is set to the bitmap {b 2}, but the bitmap {b 1} and bitmap {b 3} is not provided, and bit b i 2 is set. ・The parameter sensingRS-MutingOption3 is set to the bitmap {b 3}, but the bitmap {b 1} and bitmap {b 2} is not provided, and bit b i 3 is set. Bitmap {b 1} and bitmap {b 2} are both provided, but the bitmap {b 3} is not provided, and bit b i 1 and b i 2 Both are set. 1} and bitmap {b 3} are both provided, but the bitmap {b 2} is not provided, and bit b i 1 and b i 3 Both are set. 2} and bitmap {b 3} are both provided, but the bitmap {b 1} is not provided, and bit b i 2 and b i 3 Both are set. 1} and bitmap {b 2} and bitmap {b 3} are provided, and bit b i 1and b i 2 and b i 3 All of the above are set.

[0215] Hereafter, bit b i 1 , b i 2 , b i 3 and related parameters will be explained.

[0216] b i 1 is the bit in the bitmap given by the parameter sensingRS-MutingOption1. K is the size of the bitmap. i is given by the following formula:

[0217]

[0218] b i 2 is the bit in the bitmap given by the parameter sensingRS-MutingOption2, K is the size of the bitmap, and i is given by the following formula:

[0219]

[0220] b, which is length L i 3 is given by the parameter sensingRS-MutingOption3, and b i 3 is included in the bitmap defined for the i-th comb RS of one sensing RS resource, and L (L≧1) is the number of comb pattern RSs that form one sensing RS given by the parameter sensingRS-ComposedRsNum.

[0221] Period T per sensingRS and slot offset T offset sensingRS ∈{0,1,...,T per sensingRS-1} is given by the parameter sensingRS-Periodicity-and-ResourceSetSlotOffset.

[0222] Sensing RS resource slot offset T offset,res sensingRS is given by the parameter sensingRS-ResourceSlotOffset.

[0223] Repetition factor T rep sensingRS is given by the parameter sensingRS-ResourceRepetitionFactor.

[0224] Muting repetition factor T muting sensingRS is given by the parameter sensingRS-MutingBitRepetitionFactor.

[0225] Time gap T gap sensingRS is given by the parameter sensingRS-ResourceTimeGap.

[0226] According to the fourth embodiment, the design in the time domain (offset in the time direction, gap, etc.) can be flexibly set, so that sensing can be performed appropriately according to sensing requirements, etc.

[0227] <Fifth Embodiment> <<Aspect 5-1>> The time-frequency domain patterns and parameters of slot-level composite sensing RS will be described. One comb pattern RS is used in one slot, and the comb pattern sizes are relatively prime.

[0228] For example, comb pattern size K comb,1 The RSs are inserted into the sensing RS resource set #1, and the comb pattern size is K comb,2 The RSs #1 and #2 are inserted into sensing RS resource set #2, and sensing based on RSs #1 and #2 can achieve full-range coverage with low overhead.

[0229] For a time domain pattern of L slots, the UE may receive at least one of the following parameters: L may refer to the number of comb pattern RSs: First symbol (offset) l of the sensing RS in a slot of L slots start,1 ,…,l start,L is given by the parameter sensingRS-ResourceSymbolOffset. The size of the sensing RS resource in the time domain, L RS,1 ,…,L RS,L is given by the parameter sensingRS-NumSymbols. Also, L RS,i ,K comb,i A combination of values ​​of the time gap between adjacent slots, l gap,1 ,…,l gap,L-1 is given by the parameter sensingRS-ResourceSlotOffset.

[0230] The parameters defined in aspect 3-4 may be used to set the frequency domain.

[0231] Fig. 32 is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern of aspect 5-1. In Fig. 32, sensing RS resource #1 is arranged in slots with slot numbers 3, 5, 13, and 15, and sensing RS resource #2 is arranged in slots with slot numbers 6, 8, 16, and 18. The offset, time gap, value of L, etc. are set as shown in the figure.

[0232] However, the comb size of RS for slot numbers 3, 6, 13, and 16 (for example, K com,1 ) and the comb size of RS for slot numbers 5, 8, 15, and 18 (for example, K com,2 ) may be different from K. comb,1 =3,K comb,2 = 4. The comb size may refer to an equivalent comb size, for example, the comb size of a houndstooth RS pattern or the comb size of a replacement RS pattern.

[0233] <<Aspect 5-2>> The periodicity of the sensing RS / sensing RS resource set, the sensing RS resource set offset, the sensing RS resource slot offset, and the time gap between repetitions (repetition interval) described in the fourth embodiment may also be applied to this aspect. The repetition factor and repetition pattern of the composite sensing RS at the slot level can be designed.

[0234] Option 1: Repetition may be performed at one comb pattern RS level. For example, if a repetition factor of 2 is defined, the two comb patterns RS are in the order of (comb pattern RS1, comb pattern RS1, comb pattern RS2, comb pattern RS2). That is, at least one of comb pattern RS1 and comb pattern RS2 may be repeatedly transmitted.

[0235] 33A is a diagram illustrating an example of an RS pattern in option 1 of aspect 5-2. In FIG. 33A, sensing RS resource #1 is arranged in slots with slot numbers 2, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 16, and 19, and the comb size (for example, K comb,1 ) and the comb size of RS for slot numbers 6, 9, 16, and 19 (for example, K comb,2 ) may be different from the RSs in slot numbers 12 and 15. For example, the RSs in slot numbers 16 and 19 are repeatedly transmitted. The RSs in slot numbers 12 and 16 are used as one sensing RS, and the RSs in slot numbers 15 and 19 are used as one sensing RS.

[0236] Option 2: Repetition may be performed at the level of one sensing RS (including multiple comb patterns RS). For example, if a repetition factor of 2 is defined, the order of two comb patterns RS is (comb pattern RS1, comb pattern RS2, comb pattern RS1, comb pattern RS2). That is, the combination of comb pattern RS1 and comb pattern RS2 may be repeatedly transmitted.

[0237] 33B is a diagram illustrating an example of an RS pattern in option 2 of aspect 5-2. In FIG. 33B, sensing RS resource #1 is arranged in slots with slot numbers 2, 3, 6, 7, 12, 13, 16, and 17, and the comb size (e.g., K comb,1 ) and the comb size of RS for slot numbers 3, 7, 13, and 17 (for example, K comb,2 ) may be different. For example, one sensing RS is used for the RSs in slot numbers 12 and 13, and one sensing RS is used for the RSs in slot numbers 16 and 17. Transmission is repeated in units of that sensing RS.

[0238] <<Aspect 5-3>> A slot-level muting option for composite sensing RS will now be described. A muting bit may be set in the UE by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling to mute the sensing RS when a channel / signal other than the sensing RS is transmitted.

[0239] Option 1: Each binary bit of the muting bit pattern is defined and used for one sensing RS resource set instance level (e.g., 10 slots). A muting bit repetition factor may be further defined for the sensing RS resource set instance level.

[0240] 34A and 34B are diagrams showing examples of RS patterns of option 1 of aspect 5-3. In FIGS. 34A and 34B, resource indexes #t1 and #t2 are indexes of transmission instances of sensing RS resources, and resource indexes #m1 and #m2 are muting instances of sensing RS resources. That is, in slots of resource indexes #t1 and #t2, sensing RS is transmitted, and in slots of resource indexes #m1 and #m2, sensing RS is muted (not transmitted). Note that comb size index #1 is K comb,1 means that comb size index #2 is K comb,2The other points are the same as option 1 of aspect 4-3.

[0241] <<<<Option 2>>> Each binary bit of the muting bit pattern is defined and used for one sensing RS resource, which includes multiple slots of one sensing RS (e.g., two slots in the example), rather than one slot as in the NR PRS. If a repetition element is considered for the sensing RS resource, the muting bit pattern is also repeated.

[0242] This differs from Muting Option 2 of Aspect 4-3 in that the design of the two comb pattern RSs means that each muting bit is used for two slots of one sensing RS resource.

[0243] 35A is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern of Option 2 of Aspect 5-3. In FIG. 35A, the muting bit pattern is [0 1], the muting bit repetition factor is 2, and the muting bit pattern of the sensing RS repetition level is [0 1].

[0244] <<<Options 1 and 2>>> If both options 1 and 2 are configured, the UE may perform a bitwise AND / OR operation on the muting bit patterns of option 1 and option 2 to determine the final muting bit pattern, and apply the resulting bits as muting bits.

[0245] Fig. 35B is a diagram showing examples of RS patterns of options 1 and 2 of aspect 5-3. In Fig. 35B, the muting bit pattern in option 1 is [1 0], and the muting bit pattern of the sensing RS repetition level in option 2 is [0 1]. In other words, the result of performing an AND operation on the muting bits in Fig. 34A and the muting bits in Fig. 35A is applied.

[0246] <<<Option 3>>> Each binary bit of the muting bit pattern may be defined and used for one comb pattern RS in one slot.

[0247] For example, if one sensing RS includes two combination pattern RSs of two slots, two binary bits are required in the muting bit pattern.

[0248] The muting bit pattern at the comb pattern RS level can enable flexible selection and combination of multiple comb patterns RS and the two steps of the first embodiment.

[0249] A repetition factor of the muting bits may be further defined for at least one of the RS resource set instance level and RS resource level detection. When the repetition factor is considered for detecting RS resources, the valid muting bit pattern may also be repeated.

[0250] FIG. 36 is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern of option 3 of aspect 5-3. In FIG. 36, the muting bit pattern is [1 0]. Sensing. The instances (#t1, #t2) of the sensing RS resource to be transmitted and the instances (#m1, #m2) of the sensing RS resource to be muted are set alternately. Also, comb size indexes #1 and #2 are set alternately. Therefore, in this example, K comb,1 The sensing RS is transmitted, and K comb,2 The sensing RS is muted.

[0251] <<<Options 1, 2, 3>>> When multiple options are set, at least one of a bitwise AND operation and an OR operation may be performed on the muting bit patterns of option 1, option 2, and option 3 to determine the final muting bit pattern.

[0252] The repetition method defined in Option 1 and Option 2 in Aspect 5-2 does not affect the options related to muting, but may affect the generation of muting bits for each option.

[0253] For example, in the case where the repetition factor is 2 in option 1 in aspect 5-2 and the muting bit pattern is [0 1] in option 3 in aspect 5-3, the effective muting bit pattern is

[0011] .

[0254] In the case where the repetition factor is 2 in option 2 in aspect 5-2 and the muting bit pattern is [0 1] in option 3 in aspect 5-3, the effective muting bit pattern is

[0101] .

[0255] <<Aspect 5-4>> Related parameters and configuration / instruction signaling for slot-level combined sensing RS are defined. The UE / base station may receive at least one of the following parameters through higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0256] At least one of the following parameters may be defined: - The periodicity and slot offset may be given by one parameter sensingRS-Periodicity-and-ResourceSetSlotOffset. Alternatively, separate parameters for the periodicity and offset may be defined, such as sensingRS-Periodicity and sensingRS-ResourceSetSlotOffset. - The sensing RS resource slot offset may be given by the parameter sensingRS-ResourceSlotOffset. - The repetition factor may be specified by the parameter sensingRS-ResourceRepetitionFactor. - The muting repetition factor may be given by the parameter sensingRS-MutingBitRepetitionFactor. - The time gap may be specified by the parameter sensingRS-ResourceTimeGap. - The muting option and muting bit pattern are given by at least one of the parameters sensingRS-MutingOption1 and sensingRS-MutingOption2.

[0257] Regarding the parameters sensingRS-MutingOption1 and sensingRS-MutingOption2, any of the following conditions may be met: The parameters sensingRS-MutingOption1 and sensingRS-MutingOption2 are not provided. The parameter sensingRS-MutingOption1 is a bitmap {b 1}, but the bitmap {b 2} is not provided, and bit {b i 1} is set. ・The parameter sensingRS-MutingOption2 is set to the bitmap {b 2}, but the bitmap {b 1} is not provided, and bit {b i 2} is set. Bitmap {b 1}, the parameter sensingRS-MutingOption1 and the bitmap {b 2}, both sensingRS-MutingOption2 corresponding to bit {b i 1} and {b i 2} are both set.

[0258] Regarding the configuration / instruction parameters (related parameters) related to this embodiment as described above, at least one of the following signaling may be applied: - In gNB-to-UE bistatic sensing and UE monostatic sensing, the UE may receive configuration / instruction including related parameters for each sensing channel / signal measurement resource from the gNB via SIB / DCI / RRC / MAC CE or from the LMF / Sensing Function (SF) via LPP. - In the case of UE1-to-UE2 bistatic sensing, UE2 may receive configuration / instruction including related parameters for each sensing channel / signal measurement resource from the gNB via SIB / DCI / RRC / MAC CE, from the LMF / SF via LPP, or from UE1 via sidelink. In the case of gNB1-to-gNB2 bistatic sensing, gNB2 may receive configuration / instruction including relevant parameters for each sensing channel / signal measurement resource from gNB1 via Xn or from LMF / SF via NRPPa. In the case of UE-to-gNB bistatic sensing, gNB may receive configuration / instruction including relevant parameters for each sensing channel / signal measurement resource from LMF / SF via NRPPa.

[0259] Variations: Partial parameters may be predefined in the specification, may be set / indicated by the signaling mentioned above, or may be set depending on the UE capability information.

[0260] According to the fifth embodiment, the design in the time domain (offset in the time direction, gap, etc.) can be flexibly set, so that sensing can be performed appropriately according to sensing requirements, etc.

[0261] Sixth Embodiment In order to realize the slot-level sensing RS of the fifth embodiment using a PRS, it is necessary to design an extension of the PRS function. A PRS may be used as the sensing RS of the first to fifth embodiments.

[0262] For example, the base station may arrange PRSs of a first pattern using a first comb size and PRSs of a second pattern using a second comb size larger than the first comb size in different time regions, and transmit the PRSs of the first pattern and the PRSs of the second pattern to a target. The UE may receive the PRSs of the first pattern and the PRSs of the second pattern using the second comb size larger than the first comb size in different time regions via the target and detect the target.

[0263] <<Aspect 6-1>> A more flexible PRS pattern may be defined based on at least one of the examples described below, which makes it possible to realize the slot-level sensing RS of the fifth embodiment by the PRS.

[0264] For example, a new comb size K is added to {1,3,7,14}. comb PRS (PRS comb size) may be added. For example, K comb PRS ∈{1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, 14}, and the maximum comb size may be 14, so that the PRS spans all 14 OFDM symbols in one slot. comb PRS The maximum comb size may be set to 12 in ∈{1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 12} to avoid combs that span across RBs. Note that the comb pattern RS of {2, 4, 6, 12} is supported in NR PRS. Note that the existing comb pattern sizes of NR PRS are not mutually prime.

[0265] In addition to the combinations defined in NR positioning, the size of the downlink PRS resource in the time domain L PRS <K comb PRS A new combination {L PRS ,K comb PRS} may be added. Note that in NR PRS, L PRS ≧K comb PRS The sensing technique in this disclosure allows for an equivalent comb size greater than 1, and L PRS ≧K comb PRS For example, the new combination {L PRS <K comb PRS} may include, for example, {1,2}, {1,4}, {2,4}, {1,6}, {2,6}, {3,6}, {4,6}, {5,6}, etc.

[0266] K comb PRS is, for example, K comb,1 or K comb,2 That is, K comb,1 is the size of the downlink PRS resource in the time domain of the corresponding RS pattern L PRS,1 It may be larger than K comb,2 is the size of the downlink PRS resource in the time domain of the corresponding RS pattern L PRS,2 It may be larger.

[0267] <<Aspect 6-2>> A combination configuration of PRS patterns for L slots within one resource may be set.

[0268] The slot-level definition of the fifth embodiment may be reused for PRS. The PRS patterns of L slots in one resource may be configured / instructed jointly or individually. The difference from the NR PRS configuration is the slot-level resource mapping in Aspect 5-1 / 5-2 and the muting bit pattern in Option 2 of Aspect 5-3.

[0269] <<Aspect 6-3>> Parameters and settings for PRS enhancement may be defined as follows.

[0270] <<<Option 1>>> At least one of the settings of the new comb size, new combination, and new slot level of Aspect 6-1 and Aspect 6-2 may be applied to the existing PRS. In other words, the same design and parameters may be used for either NR positioning or 5G-A / 6G sensing.

[0271] Related parameters (e.g., parameters defined in Aspects 5-1 / 5-2 / 5-3) may be set / indicated via higher layer parameters such as NR PRS, or may be set / indicated via parameters for sensing defined in Aspect 5-4.

[0272] If a parameter is set / indicated via a higher layer parameter, such as NR PRS for downlink positioning, the gNB also needs to inform the UE whether the measurement is for the UE's own positioning or for targets around the UE. For example, a new higher layer parameter for downlink positioning, "dl-PRS-MeasureFunction", may be added.

[0273] <<<Option 2>>> The functionality of the NR PRS may be defined as "target sensing" and "UE positioning." The new (and existing NR PRS) comb size and combination in aspect 6-1 and the new slot-level settings in aspect 6-2 are used exclusively for the "target sensing" functionality. The PRS definitions (in NR or future releases) of parameter values ​​and slot settings are reused for the "UE positioning" functionality.

[0274] For the "UE positioning" function, the parameters and signaling of higher layers defined in NR may be reused. For the "target sensing" function, the parameters and signaling defined in the fifth embodiment may be taken into consideration. The function may be configured / instructed together with or separately from the related parameters.

[0275] Partial parameters (e.g., at least one of L, comb size, and a combination of comb sizes) may be predefined by a specification, configured / indicated to the UE by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or according to UE capability information.

[0276] The parameters of the L PRSs may be jointly defined and configured, or may be configured individually. In the case of separate configuration, the BS may determine L without informing the UE / cooperative BS. When different configurations are performed, at least one of measurement, feedback, and UE behavior may be different. The time relationship between multiple configurations may also be flexibly configured.

[0277] According to the sixth embodiment, the PRS can be used not only for UE positioning but also for target sensing. PRS <K comb PRS} combination can be allowed to reduce the duration (i.e. delay).

[0278] <Seventh Embodiment> <<NR RS>> The comb size of the NR RS is one of {1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48}. For example, the following RSs are used for each comb size. RS with comb size 1: PSS / SSS. RS with comb size 2: DMRS type 1, Remote Interference Management (RIM)-RS, SRS, PRS. RS with comb size 4: CSI-RS for tracking (TRS), PRS, SRS. RS with comb size 6: PRS. RS with comb size 12: 1 CSI-RS and PRS per RB. RS with comb size 24: 1 CSI-RS every 2 RBs, CP-OFDM PT-RS. RS with comb size 48: PT-RS with CP-OFDM.

[0279] The available bandwidths of NR RS (from narrowband to wideband) are defined as follows: PSS / SSS: 128 subcarriers (periodic transmission and sensing). RIM-RS: 96 RBs for SCS 15 kHz, 48 or 96 RBs for SCS 30 kHz (used for periodic / aperiodic transmission and sensing). CSI-RS, DMRS, PT-RS, SRS: Bandwidth of activated BWP (dynamically changes based on communication requirements). DMRS, PTRS: Opportunistic sensing (on-demand sensing. For example, DMRS supports transmission using a method different from periodic / aperiodic). PRS: 24 to 272 PRBs (periodic / aperiodic positioning and sensing).

[0280] The comb size and available bandwidth are jointly selected to obtain good sensing coverage and sensing resolution / accuracy. Small PSS / SSS comb size and narrow bandwidth: wide range coverage, low accuracy. Remote Interference Management (RIM)-RS: wide sensing range, low accuracy. DMRS Type 1: wide range coverage, flexible accuracy (poor accuracy based on activated BWP, or poor accuracy). CSI-RS: medium range coverage, flexible accuracy (poor accuracy, or accuracy based on activated BWP). SRS, PRS: wide coverage, high accuracy (high overhead).

[0281] In order to reduce the impact of sensing functions on the communication system, we consider how to utilize existing NR RSs for sensing and achieve good performance in terms of sensing coverage and estimation resolution / accuracy.

[0282] In addition to defining a new RS in the fifth embodiment, a slot-level sensing RS can be realized by combining existing NR RSs (e.g., PRS, PSS / SSS, CSI-RS, DMRS, SRS, RIM-RS, etc.).

[0283] <<Aspect 7-1>> A combination of NR RS (PSS / SSS, CSI-RS, RIM-RS) and a new sensing comb pattern RS may be applied.

[0284] Based on the analysis of NR RS, it can be seen that existing NR RS have the disadvantages of small bandwidth (poor accuracy) or large comb pattern size (poor coverage). DMRS has both good accuracy and coverage, but only supports opportunistic sensing.

[0285] To achieve both sensing accuracy and coverage, it is conceivable to add a new comb pattern RS to a different NR RS using the same principle as the sensing method of the present disclosure. For example, an RS with a small comb size and narrow bandwidth, such as a PSS / SSS or RIM-RS, and a new RS with a large comb size and wide bandwidth may be configured jointly for sensing. Alternatively, an RS with a large comb size and wide bandwidth, such as a CSI-RS, and an RS with a small comb size and narrow bandwidth may be configured jointly. The RS used together with the new RS may be referred to as a cooperative NR RS.

[0286] The comb size of the new RSs used in combination is preferably relatively prime to that of the cooperative NR RSs. For example, a combination of PSS / SSS / RIM-RSs and new RSs with comb sizes of 6, 12, or 24 may be applied. Or, a combination of CSI-RSs and new RSs with comb sizes of 1, 2, or 4 may be applied.

[0287] The parameters of the new RS may be configured / instructed separately / jointly with the cooperating NR RS. The relevant parameters of the new comb pattern RS may include at least one of the index of the starting symbol, the symbol size, the comb size, the frequency offset, and the resource (bandwidth, slot). If the new cooperating RS is configured / instructed jointly with the cooperating NR RS, the relative offset of the new cooperating RS from the NR RS may also be defined.

[0288] For cooperative NR RSs, at least one of relevant parameters including comb size, bandwidth, period, new functions for sensing etc. of existing NR RSs, and relevant measurements for sensing / communication (e.g., range, velocity, angle, delay-Doppler-angle map etc.) may be defined and configured / instructed.

[0289] <<Aspect 7-2>> A combination of NR RSs (PSS / SSS, CSI-RS, DMRS, SRS, RIM-RS, PRS) with different comb sizes for sensing will be described.

[0290] In terms of reducing sensing overhead and the impact on the communication system to meet sensing requirements, we describe some recommended configurations for RS combinations based on the comb size and bandwidth of RSs that can be configured and the sensing method.

[0291] For BS-based sensing methods (BS monostatic, BS1-to-BS2, and BS-to-UE bistatic sensing), the following RS configurations may be applied. That is, a base station transmits the following RSs, and echo signals may be received by that base station, other base stations, or UEs: PSS / SSS, DMRS type 1 with small bandwidth, RIM-RS, PRS with small comb size and small bandwidth, and TRS with small bandwidth are used for full (or large) sensing coverage. CSI-RS and PRS with large comb size and large bandwidth are used to obtain accurate estimation performance.

[0292] For UE-based sensing methods (UE monostatic, UE1-to-UE2, UE-to-BS bistatic sensing), the following RS configurations may be applied: a UE transmits the following RSs, and echo signals may be received by the UE, other UEs, or the base station: SRS and DMRS with small comb size and small bandwidth are used for full (or large) sensing coverage; SRS with large comb size is used for accurate estimation (e.g., used for positioning functions, etc.).

[0293] DMRS may be used only for opportunistic sensing.

[0294] If more resources can be allocated to an existing RS for sensing, for example, if an RS with a large bandwidth and a small comb size is already configured for communication purposes, that RS may be used directly for sensing. For example, the following cases can be considered: - RSs with a large bandwidth, such as DMRS, PRS, SRS, and TRS, may be used alone for sensing with good coverage and accuracy. - PSS / SSS, RIM-RS, and CSI-RS have high coverage or high accuracy. Therefore, they may be used together with other RSs.

[0295] To reuse existing RSs defined in the communication system for sensing, the comb patterns may not be disjoint, in which case the unambiguous distance (or range coverage) is limited to RSs with small comb sizes and the distance estimation error is limited to RSs with large bandwidths.

[0296] FIG. 37 is a diagram showing an example of a combination of RSs in aspect 7-2. Specifically, FIG. 37 shows a recommended example of a combination of NR RSs that achieves good sensing coverage / accuracy performance and low overhead. The RSs in A are NR RSs with a small comb size and a small bandwidth, which achieves good coverage performance. The RSs in B are NR RSs with a large bandwidth and a large comb size, which achieves good estimation performance with low overhead. In other words, a combination of the RSs in A and the RSs in B is recommended.

[0297] <<<Option 1>>> In all sensing schemes, the joint sensing algorithm is executed at the server, or at BS1 in the case of BS1-to-UE / UE-to-BS1 / BS1-to-BS2 bistatic sensing. The combination of multiple NR RSs is implicitly realized, and the parameters and measurements of the multiple NR RSs are configured / instructed separately.

[0298] Option 2: The joint sensing algorithm is implemented at BS2 in the BS1-to-BS2 case and at the UE in the BS1-to-UE case. The combination of multiple NR RSs is explicitly implemented, and the parameters and measurements of the multiple NR RSs are jointly configured / commanded.

[0299] <<<Option 3>>> Regardless of the joint sensing algorithm and sensing method, the combination of multiple NR RSs is explicitly realized, and the parameters and measurements of the multiple NR RSs are set / commanded jointly or individually.

[0300] The parameters may include at least comb size, bandwidth, period, new functionality of existing NR RS for sensing, etc. The measurements may be for sensing (in addition to communication), such as at least one of range, velocity, angle, delay-Doppler-angle map, etc.

[0301] In order to explicitly configure / indicate multiple NR RSs for sensing, a new parameter may be defined and configured / indicated. For example, a new parameter called sensingRS-combination indicating a combination of sensing RSs may be defined, and may be set to a value such as {'PSS / SSS,CSI-RS', 'PSS / SSS,PRS', 'RIM-RS,CSI-RS', 'RIM-RS,PRS'}.

[0302] The above parameters (related parameters) may be configured / instructed based on the sensing method as follows: - In gNB-to-UE bistatic sensing and UE monostatic sensing, the UE may receive a configuration / instruction including related parameters for each sensing channel / signal measurement resource from the gNB via SIB / DCI / RRC / MAC CE or from the LMF / Sensing Function (SF) via LPP. - In the case of UE1-to-UE2 bistatic sensing, UE2 may receive a configuration / instruction including related parameters for each sensing channel / signal measurement resource from the gNB via SIB / DCI / RRC / MAC CE, from the LMF / SF via LPP, or from UE1 via sidelink. In the case of gNB1-to-gNB2 bistatic sensing, gNB2 may receive configuration / instruction including relevant parameters for each sensing channel / signal measurement resource from gNB1 via Xn or from LMF / SF via NRPPa. In the case of UE-to-gNB bistatic sensing, gNB may receive configuration / instruction including relevant parameters for each sensing channel / signal measurement resource from LMF / SF via NRPPa.

[0303] <Supplementary Information> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information to the UE [from a Network (NW) (e.g., a Base Station (BS))] (in other words, reception of any information from the BS by the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0304] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0305] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0306] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0307] <<Notification of Information from UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE [to the NW] (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0308] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader.

[0309] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0310] Furthermore, any information in the above-described embodiments may be notified from the UE periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0311] <<Regarding Application of Each Embodiment>> In a UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the above-mentioned embodiments may be applied (used) when one or more of the following conditions are met: - a higher layer parameter indicating the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is configured; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on related higher layer parameters; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is specified / activated / triggered by a MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS; - a specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is reported or supported; - the application of the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0312] The specific UE capability may indicate at least one of the following. Note that "whether" and "doing" may be read interchangeably: - supporting the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information; - whether the UE supports a two-step RS-based sensing method; - whether the UE supports multiple configurations of resources / resource sets and RSs per sensing measurement configuration; - whether the UE supports reporting one measurement result for multiple sensing measurement configurations; - whether the UE supports measurement of multiple combination pattern RSs for sensing; - whether the UE supports a new composite sensing RS design; - whether the UE supports slot-level composite sensing RS; - whether the UE supports PRS extension; - whether the UE supports combination, configuration, and measurement based on multiple NR RSs; - whether any comb size (X comb,i ) the number L of comb patterns RS to support;

[0313] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a BWP, a component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0314] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0315] If the above conditions are not met, the UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0316] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding the first and second embodiments of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having: a control unit that determines an arrangement of first sensing signals using a first comb size and determines an arrangement of second sensing signals using a second comb size larger than the first comb size; and a transmission unit that transmits the first sensing signals and the second sensing signals to a target. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal described in Supplementary Note 1, wherein the control unit determines whether to transmit only the first sensing signals, only the second sensing signals, or both the first sensing signals and the second sensing signals based on sensing requirements. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal described in Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the first comb size and the second comb size are relatively prime.

[0317] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding the third embodiment of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having: a control unit that determines an arrangement of sensing signals using a first pattern in which sensing signals are distributed at regular frequency intervals using a specific comb size, or a second pattern in which the frequency intervals of the sensing signals are not regular; and a transmission unit that transmits the sensing signals to a target. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein, when the second pattern is used, a signal pattern of the first comb size is distributed in a part of the frequency range of the first symbol, no signals are arranged in other frequency ranges, and a signal pattern of the second comb size is distributed in the entire frequency range of the second symbol. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the control unit arranges signals from multiple ports in one symbol. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any of Supplements 1 to 3, wherein the frequency offset in the first pattern is smaller than the comb size and the frequency offset in the second pattern is larger than the comb size.

[0318] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding the fourth and fifth embodiments of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having: a control unit that arranges sensing signals of a first pattern using a first comb size and sensing signals of a second pattern using a second comb size larger than the first comb size in different time domains; and a transmission unit that transmits the sensing signals of the first pattern and the sensing signals of the second pattern to a target. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal described in Supplementary Note 1, in which the control unit determines whether to mute the sensing signals arranged in a specific time domain based on a muting bit set in the specific time domain. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal described in Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, in which the control unit performs an AND operation or an OR operation on multiple muting bits set in a specific time domain and determines whether to mute the sensing signals arranged in the specific time domain based on the operation result. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Supplementary Note 1 to Supplementary Note 3, wherein the transmitting unit repeatedly transmits the sensing signal of the first pattern, the sensing signal of the second pattern, or a combination of the sensing signal of the first pattern and the sensing signal of the second pattern.

[0319] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding the sixth and seventh embodiments of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having: a receiver that receives Positioning Reference Signals (PRS) of a first pattern using a first comb size and PRS of a second pattern using a second comb size larger than the first comb size via a target in different time domains; and a transmitter that detects the target. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the first comb size is larger than a size of PRS resources of the first pattern in the time domain, and the second comb size is larger than a size of PRS resources of the second pattern in the time domain. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the receiving unit receives at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), a Remote Interference Management (RIM)-RS, and a Tracking Reference Signal (TRS) together with the PRS of the first pattern or the PRS of the second pattern.

[0320] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0321] 38 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), or the like.

[0322] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0323] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0324] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0325] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The location, number, shape, size, etc. of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as the base station 10.

[0326] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize multi-input multi-output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or may be formed by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called, for example, a supercell) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called, for example, subcells). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell with a quasi-static / dynamically variable physical range. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0327] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0328] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0329] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0330] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0331] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0332] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0333] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0334] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0335] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0336] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0337] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0338] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0339] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0340] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0341] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0342] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0343] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0344] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0345] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0346] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0347] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0348] (Base Station) Fig. 39 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0349] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0350] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0351] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0352] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0353] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0354] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0355] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0356] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0357] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0358] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0359] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0360] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.

[0361] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0362] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0363] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0364] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0365] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a radio unit (RU), a distributed unit (DU), and a central unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level functions of the physical layer (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level functions of the physical layer (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement the functions of the PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer.

[0366] In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may include a single device that realizes all of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU, or may include multiple devices that each realize some of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may be interchangeably read as RU / DU / CU.

[0367] The control unit 110 may determine the arrangement of the first sensing signals using a first comb size, and may determine the arrangement of the second sensing signals using a second comb size that is larger than the first comb size.

[0368] The transceiver unit 120 may transmit the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal to a target.

[0369] The control unit 110 may determine the arrangement of the sensing signals using a first pattern in which the sensing signals are distributed at regular frequency intervals using a specific comb size, or a second pattern in which the frequency intervals of the sensing signals are not regular.

[0370] The transceiver 120 may transmit the sensing signal to a target.

[0371] The control unit 110 may place the sensing signal of a first pattern using a first comb size and the sensing signal of a second pattern using a second comb size larger than the first comb size in different time domains.

[0372] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the sensing signal of the first pattern and the sensing signal of the second pattern to a target.

[0373] The control unit 110 may place a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) of a first pattern using a first comb size and a PRS of a second pattern using a second comb size larger than the first comb size in different time domains.

[0374] The transceiver unit 120 may transmit the PRS of the first pattern and the PRS of the second pattern to a target.

[0375] (User terminal) Fig. 40 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0376] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0377] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0378] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0379] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0380] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0381] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0382] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0383] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0384] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0385] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0386] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0387] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0388] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0389] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0390] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0391] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0392] Note that the transmitting section and receiving section of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0393] The transceiver unit 220 may perform at least one of the operations of the transmitter or receiver units described above.

[0394] The control unit 210 may perform at least one of the operations of the control unit described above.

[0395] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0396] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0397] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 41 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0398] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0399] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0400] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0401] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0402] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0403] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0404] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0405] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0406] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0407] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0408] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0409] In addition, the devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be realized by the above-mentioned functional block / hardware configuration.

[0410] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0411] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0412] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0413] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0414] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0415] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0416] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0417] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0418] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0419] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0420] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0421] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0422] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0423] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0424] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0425] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0426] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0427] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0428] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0429] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0430] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0431] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0432] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0433] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0434] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0435] With respect to any information (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) described in the present disclosure, even if not specifically stated in the above embodiments, any first device (e.g., UE / base station) may notify any second device (e.g., base station / UE) of information indicating / specifying (or relating to) the value of the any information.

[0436] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0437] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0438] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0439] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0440] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0441] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0442] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0443] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0444] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Furthermore, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0445] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0446] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0447] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0448] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) property," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0449] In the present disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0450] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. The "spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and the TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and the spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0451] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0452] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0453] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0454] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0455] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0456] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0457] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0458] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0459] 42 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0460] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0461] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0462] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0463] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0464] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0465] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0466] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0467] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0468] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0469] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0470] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0471] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0472] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0473] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0474] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0475] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0476] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0477] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0478] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0479] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0480] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some kind of action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0481] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0482] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ..." or "do ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ..." or "does not ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0483] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0484] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0485] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0486] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0487] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0488] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0489] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with "i-th" (i is an arbitrary integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0490] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0491] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may also be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after a time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0492] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0493] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A terminal having: a control unit that arranges sensing signals of a first pattern using a first comb size and sensing signals of a second pattern using a second comb size larger than the first comb size in different time domains; and a transmission unit that transmits the sensing signals of the first pattern and the sensing signals of the second pattern to a target.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit determines whether to mute the sensing signal arranged within a specific time region based on a muting bit set in the specific time region.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit performs an AND or OR operation on a plurality of muting bits set in a specific time region, and determines whether to mute the sensing signal arranged within the specific time region based on the operation result.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting unit repeatedly transmits the sensing signal of the first pattern, the sensing signal of the second pattern, or a combination of the sensing signal of the first pattern and the sensing signal of the second pattern.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising: a step of arranging a sensing signal of a first pattern using a first comb size and a sensing signal of a second pattern using a second comb size larger than the first comb size in different time domains; and a step of transmitting the sensing signal of the first pattern and the sensing signal of the second pattern to a target.

6. A base station having: a control unit that arranges sensing signals of a first pattern using a first comb size and sensing signals of a second pattern using a second comb size larger than the first comb size in different time domains; and a transmission unit that transmits the sensing signals of the first pattern and the sensing signals of the second pattern to a target.

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