Enhancements for the exposure of value-add location information

Abstract

Systems and methods are presented herein for determining and providing enhanced location information in a communication network. The method may comprise receiving, at a location management server (LMS) and from another server, a request for enhanced location information associated with a user equipment (UE). The method may comprise sending, to the another server and based on authorizing the subscription request, an indication that the LMS will send enhanced location information associated with the UE to the another server. The method may comprise determining, at one or more time intervals, basic location information associated with the UE. The method may comprise determining, based at least in part on the basic location information associated with the UE, enhanced location information associated with the UE. The method may comprise sending, to the another server, the enhanced location information associated with the UE.

Description

ENHANCEMENTS EOR THE EXPOSURE OF VALUE-ADD LOCATIONINFORMATIONCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application Number 63 / 554,514 filed February 16, 2024, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.BACKGROUND

[0002] Applications are becoming increasingly more complex and various mechanisms have been designed to assist with quicker development of the applications. One such mechanism is the introduction of different functional layers within (or adjacent to) the application layer to separate functions that may be accessed via application programming interfaces or APIs. 3GPP defines a Service Enabler Architecture Layer for Verticals (SEAL) to provide a horizontal layer in which common services are made available to vertical applications. Common services offered by SEAL comprise location management, group management, configuration management, identity management, key management, and network resource management. Vertical Application Layer (VAL) client(s) may access SEAL services, which transports the application traffic to VAL servers over the SEAL layer. Location management may be implemented at least in part by a location management client (LMC) on a user equipment (UE). The UE may receive requests from VAL clients via the LM-C interface and at least one of obtain or provide location information from or to a location management server (LMS) via a LM-UU interface. The LMS may comprise interfaces to VAL servers and third-party LMSs through, for example, LM-S and LM-3P interfaces. The LMS may comprise interfaces to a 3GPP network system to obtain location information to render services associated with the LMSSUMMARY

[0003] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to limitations that solve any or all disadvantages noted in any part of this disclosure.

[0004] The present disclosure defines systems and methods for determining and providing fused location information to enhance basic location information services. Fused location information may be provided and exposed to application servers and clients to provide value-add location information derived from existing basic location information. The Fused Location Function (FLF) within location management servers may enable the derivation of value-add location information to enhance basic location information that may expose additional insights into the location information. The fused location information may also include information on target UEs and inbound UEs the application servers and clients may be interested in.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0005] Figure 1 shows an example system application layer architecture model.

[0006] Figure 2 shows an example on-network functional model for location management.

[0007] Figure 3 shows an example procedure for subscribing to a value-add location information system.

[0008] Figure 4 shows an example user interface.

[0009] Figure 5A shows an example communications system.

[0010] Figure 5B shows an example apparatus configured for wireless communications.

[0011] Figure 5C shows an example system.

[0012] Figure 5D shows an example system.

[0013] Figure 5E shows an example system.

[0014] Figure 5F shows an example system.

[0015] Figure 5G shows an example system.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Methods and apparatuses are described herein for determining and providing value-add location information in a communication network.

[0017] The following abbreviations may be used herein:

[0018] Application Layer Architecture

[0019] Applications are becoming increasingly more complex and various mechanisms have been designed to assist with quicker development of the applications. One such mechanism is the introduction of different functional layers within (or adjacent to) the application layer to separate functions that may be accessed via application programming interfaces or APIs. Figure 1 shows an example of a generalized application layer architecture that separates application development into three distinct layers: application-specific, vertical application enabler, and (common) service layers. At the bottom of the application stack is the (common) service layer, which provides common or horizontal services to all applications. The services may include location management, group management, configuration management, and security aspects for application development. Above the service layer is the vertical application enabler layer, which is a layer that manages services for a specific vertical application such as autonomous vehicles, drones, loT, gaming, etc. At the top of the application stack is the application-specific layer which serves specific applications within a vertical application. This layer contains custom or business logic for a particular application and may be provided by various service providers in a vertical application domain. One goal of this three-layered approach is to abstract common services for all applications to the vertical application enabler and service layers to simplify application development for faster deployments of the applications.

[0020] The architecture shown in Figure 1 is based on a client-server communication model. One or more client applications on devices may communicate with one or more server applications on application servers. Note that server applications may reside in one or more application servers. The client application and server application of each layer communicate with each other between the devices and application servers. The application-specific client and server may communicate with client and server applications at any of the lower layers, respectively. For example, an application-specific client may communicate with the client application at either the vertical application enabler or service layers. A network between the client and server applications provides the medium for communication. The network may be a cellular network such as a mobile operator network or the network may be a broadband service provider network providing access to the internet for client and server applications.

[0021] It is worth noting that the architecture shown in Figure 1 may also apply to publish-subscribe and subscription-notification communication models. It is also worth noting that for decentralized deployments in which devices communicate directly with other devices, server functionality may reside on a device rather than on the application servers. For this case, devices may communicate with one another such that one device may function as a client and another device may function as a server.

[0022] Location Management Services

[0023] 3 GPP has defined a Service Enabler Architecture Layer for Verticals (SEAL) to provide a horizontal layer in which common services are made available to vertical applications. Common services offered by SEAL are location management, group management, configuration management, identity management, key management, and network resource management. Vertical Application Layer (VAL) client(s) accesses SEAL services, which transports the application traffic to VAL servers over the SEAL layer.

[0024] Location management is one of the common horizontal services that SEAL offers and Figure 2 shows a functional model for the service. A Location Management Client (LMC) on a User Equipment (UE) receives requests from VAL clients via the LM-C interface and obtains and / or provides location information from / to a Location Management Server (LMS) through the LM-UU interface. The LMS has interfaces to VAL servers and third-party LMSs through LM-S and LM-3P interfaces, respectively. The LMS also has interfaces (T8 / N33 and Le) to the 3GPP network system to further obtain location information to render its services. Within the LMS, afused location function may aggregate location information from multiple sources to provide more accurate UE location information and other value-add services. A fused location function within the location management server may provide value-add services derived from basic location information that may be exposed to application servers and clients.

[0025] The location management functional model of SEAL describes various methods for VAL application servers and clients to obtain location information of UEs or groups of UEs. Basic location information may be provided through various existing procedures such as location reporting, location information subscription, monitoring location deviation, and location area monitoring. The information provided by these procedures may be fused together to provide value-add location information that may be exposed to service providers to assist with determining the efficacy of their services relative to location as well as offloading the computation and management of these information from the service providers.

[0026] One such value-add location information that may be exposed to service providers to provide insights into the utilization of their service is location density and related information. A service provider may specify one or more target areas to obtain enhance location information for those areas. The location management server may fuse the location information from the target areas available in SEAL and the 5G network to generate location density in two or three dimensions while including flow information of UEs into and out of the target areas as well as density distribution information. Other enhancements to location information such as information on target UEs within the target areas as well as inbound UEs moving toward the target areas may also be exposed to provide value-add location services. This exposure of location density and other value-add information may help service providers determine how to target their services.

[0027] Fused location information may be provided and exposed to application servers and clients to provide value-add location information derived from existing basic location information. The Fused Location Function (FLF) within location management servers may enable the derivation of value-add location information to enhance basic location information that may expose additional insights into the location information. The fused location information may also include information on target UEs and inbound UEs the application servers and clients may be interested in.

[0028] A method may be described for a location management server to:

[0029] 1) Receive a request for sending notifications of value-add location information. The request may comprise one or more of a requestor identifier, a service identifier, one or more target areas, one or more target UEs, a location QoS, a reporting period, and one or more reporting events.

[0030] 2) Determine one or more target areas from information received in the request.

[0031] 3) Obtain a list of UEs in the one or more target areas from one or more of existing location reports, a 5G network, an analytics server, other location management servers, and / or application servers.

[0032] 4) Obtain locations from one or more location management clients.

[0033] 5) Determine the value-add location information of UEs in the target area: wherein value-add location information may comprise one or more of location density information, target UE information, and inbound UE information; wherein location density information comprises one or more of location density, density distribution, inflow and outflow rates, a net flow rate, minimum and maximum density of UEs, minimum and maximum flow rates, average density of UEs and average flow rate, and an accuracy value; wherein target UE information comprises one or more of a UE identifier, location change condition, time UE is in the target area, times UE enter the target area, and times UE exits the target area; wherein inbound UE information comprises one or more of a UE identifier, a UE location, and a UE velocity

[0034] 6) Send a notification with the value-add location information for the target area according to the configuration for reporting period and / or reporting events. The notification may comprise one or more of a subscription identifier, location report identifier, a trigger event, a target area, and the value-add location information.

[0035] A location management server may utilize the fused location function shown in Figure 2 to aggregate available location information within the SEAL layer and the 5G network to provide exposure of value-add location information to application servers and clients. One such value-add service may be the generation of location density information and related information such as inflow, outflow, net flow rate and density distribution. In addition, the location density information may include information about target UEs that application servers and clients may be interested in. For example, application servers and clients may be interested in the time a UE remains in a target area as well as the entrance and exit times of the UE. Figure3 shows an example procedure of a location management server fusing basic location information to generate location density information that may be exposed to application servers and clients. Note that the terms value-add location information and enhance location information both refer to the enhancements to location information exposure that is proposed in this disclosure and is used interchangeably.

[0036] Figure 3 describes an example procedure for subscribing to a value-add location information service.

[0037] Step 1 : A requestor, e.g. a VAL server, makes a subscription request to a location management server to receive notifications of value-add location information such as density of UEs in a target area. Additional value-add location information about target UEs and inbound UEs in or near a target area may also be provided. The VAL server may provide in the request a requestor identifier, a service identifier, a target area(s), a list of target UEs, location QoS, a reporting period, and reporting events. The subscription parameters provided in the request is summarized in Table 1.Table 1 - Value-Add Location Information Subscription Parameters

[0038] Reporting events may be specified that the location management server notifies the requestor when certain events that are of interest to the requestor occur. An example may bethe rate of inflow UEs into a target area exceeding a certain threshold, e.g. (inflow UEs > threshold), to indicate the flow of UEs during certain times in a day, week, or month. Another flow rate related example may be defined as (net flow rate < 0) to indicate more UEs have exited the target area than UEs that entered the target area. A third example may be a target UE moving from one target area to another target area that can be specified as e.g., (UE ID <> area A and UE ID = area B or UE ID = areaarea B). A fourth example may be a target UE leaving a target area prematurely and specified as e.g., (UE ID in area <= time duration). Other examples may be envisioned such that the location management server may track other types of events of UE location change to notify the requestor.

[0039] Step 2: The location management server authorizes the request to determine if the requestor is able to obtain the enhanced location exposure information. The location management server may save the information from the request in a local context associated with the requestor identifier and assign a subscription identifier associated with the subscription. Additionally and / or alternatively, local configurations may be provided for the value-add location information service. The local configurations may be a location update interval (e.g. that may be derived from the location QoS), a threshold for determining the existence of clusters within the target area to determine density distribution, etc. The local configurations may be provided to the location management server via policy configuration requests which the location management server receives from other entities in the system (e.g., VAL servers, 0AM functions and services, etc ).

[0040] Step 3 : The location management server sends a response to the value-add location information subscription request with a status of success or failure. If the status is deemed successful, the location management server may include a subscription identifier to be sent in future location density notification reports to associate the reports with the subscription.

[0041] Step 4: Using the information from the subscription request, the location management server may determine the target area for determining the enhance location information. The location management server may need to first translate the target area information into a format that is suitable for obtaining location information from the 5G network and from other sources. If a geometric shape was provided with a location of interest such as a set of one or more GPS coordinates or civic addresses representing the points of a polygon or perimeter for an area of interest, the location management server may also need to derive thetarget area. If a VAL service area ID was provided, the location management server may retrieve the VAL service area associated with the VAL service area ID internally or from another location management server.

[0042] During the target area translation, the location management server may generate multiple geographic areas corresponding to the target area according to the definitions of the 5G network. Location information from each of the geographic area may be fused together to generate location density and other related information provided for the value-add service.

[0043] The location management server may also determine an inbound area encompassing the target area to provide value-add information of UEs moving towards the target area and with a corresponding velocity. The inbound area may be an area that is outside the target area for which the location management server may monitor to determine UEs that may be moving towards the target area. The location management server may obtain the inbound UE’s location and velocity to assist with making the determination. This information may be used in drones and / or vehicular applications for traffic management.

[0044] Step 5: The location management server may obtain basic location information from available location services in the SEAL layer. Examples include procedures such as location reporting, location information subscription, monitoring location deviation, and location area monitoring. Additionally and / or alternatively, the location management server may also access monitoring events APIs available in the 5G network to obtain location information for the target UEs and UEs in a target area.

[0045] Parameters for the location procedures may be derived from the information provided by the requestor. For example, the requested location, notification interval, update interval or time between location reports, positioning method, location report triggering criteria, location accuracy, and other parameters may be determined based on the target areas, target UEs, location QoS, and reporting events that was provided. The location management server may make multiple location requests for one or more target UEs, target / geographic areas, and inbound areas.

[0046] Step 6: The location management server may also request statistics and predictions from analytics servers that may assist with the determination of enhance location information such as density and associated information such as inflow and outflow of UEs, the net flow rate, and information about target and inbound UEs. For example, the locationmanagement server may monitor UE mobility information provided by the 5G network. Tn addition, the location management server may also obtain basic location information from other location management servers that may service location management clients of interests, e.g. in target UEs. Similar to step 5, parameters for analytics requests may be derived from the information provided by the requestor.

[0047] Step 7: The location management server may obtain location information from individual location management clients of the target UEs and other UEs that are in the target and / or inbound areas to verify location information of the UEs or to obtain more current location information directly from the location management clients. The location management server may make an on-demand location information request to receive location information reports from location management clients or the location management server may perform a configuration update of location reporting interval from the location management clients. The location management server may use the Location QoS and Reporting period parameters to determine an update rate for location reporting by the location management clients. The location management server may obtain additional context information from location management clients, and the location management server may factor the additional context information from the location management clients into the location density results generated by the location management server. For example, the location management server may receive information regarding the identifiers of the types of services and / or VAL clients that are installed and / or in use on the UE, location monitoring consent information, or network and / or service provider affiliation information.

[0048] Step 8: The location management server may fuse together the location information from steps 5 to 7 to generate location density and related information for the target area determined in step 4. The location density may be represented as both a scalar value such as the total number of UEs in the target area and a rate value expressed in terms of the square area. For cases where altitude information is applicable, the location management server may be able to separate density determination according to altitude values, e.g. determine location density value and rate per floor of a building. For cases where the location management server obtains information regarding the identifiers of the types of services and / or VAL clients that are installed and / or in use on the UE, the location management server may compare this to the service identifiers and / or target UE information the location management server receives in the requestfrom the VAL server defined in step 1 . Based on this comparison, the location management server may provide a location density for a subset of UEs of interest to the VAL server (e.g., only UEs which have a particular type of VAL client which is compatible with the VAL server).

[0049] In addition to location density, the location management server may determine the inflow and outflow rates of UEs into and out of the target area as well as the net flow rate. The flow rate values may be determined based on a location update interval, which may be different from and occurring at a more frequent rate than the reporting period.

[0050] Another location density information that may be fused from location information obtained from steps 5 to 7 is the density distribution of UEs in the target area. The distribution of UEs in the target area may be spread uniformly across the target area or the distribution may be scattered randomly. The UEs may even be concentrated together in certain areas while other areas are sparsely populated. As a result, the location management server may be able to classify the density distribution of UEs as uniform, random, or clustered in the target area. For clustered UEs, the location management server may be able to provide finer grain location information regarding where in the target area the cluster is located (e.g., a sub-area defined within the target area such as a smaller geo-fenced area defined by a set of polygon coordinates or defined by a central location point of a cluster and a radial distance spanning outward from this central point). The density distribution of UEs may be useful for application servers and clients to assess where their services are being used or the target areas and / or cluster areas for which to advertise their services.

[0051] Other statistical information may also be derived from available location information such as the minimum and maximum location density in the target area during the reporting period and the average location density during the same period. Similarly, the minimum, maximum, and average flow rate may also be provided. If the reporting period is configured at periodic times, the location density information may show trends over an extended period of time, e.g. the peaks and bottoms of UEs in the target area over a day, weekend, or week. The location management server may also associate a timestamp with the maximum and minimum location density information to provide more value-add information.

[0052] If the request from step 1 includes target UEs, the location management server may track the times each UE enters and exits the target area as well as the total time the UE remained within the target area. This information may be useful to application servers that areproviding a service to the target UEs. For example, the amount of time a target UE remains in the target area coupled with the activities the target UE performs while within the target area may provide utilization of the service by the target UE.

[0053] Another value-add location information the location management server may provide is information of inbound UEs moving towards a target area. The information may be useful in drones and vehicular applications for traffic management. For these cases, the location management server may obtain location information of an area outside the target area and identify UEs that are moving towards the target area using velocity, altitude, and range direction. The location management server may specify an inbound area (e.g. relative to the target area) in steps 5 to 7 to obtain a list of UEs that may be considered inbound to the target area. In the absence of velocity, altitude, and range direction, the location management server may even be able to use location of the UEs to determine whether the UE is moving towards the target area. Additionally and / or alternatively, the information of inbound UEs may be retrieved from existing location service and the location management server may then request the velocity of the inbound UEs from the 5G network.

[0054] In summary, the location management server may fuse information from available location information in the SEAL layer, the 5G network, location management clients, analytics servers, and other application servers (e.g. other location management servers) to derive valueadd location information.

[0055] Step 9: At the configured reporting period or the triggering of reporting events, the location management server may send a notification message to the requestor. The notification message may include a subscription identifier, a location density report identifier, the target area, location density information including the location density values as listed in Table 2, target UE information, inbound UE information, and a timestamp for the report. The location density report identifier may have a numerical component or other enumerations to identify the report from other subsequent reports. For example, the location density report identifier may have a numerical value associated with it to indicate the order of the report among a sequence of reports. An accuracy value may be provided by the location management server to indicate the degree of accuracy for the location density information. The accuracy value may be determined from the age of the location information obtained from various sources and / or accuracy information provided by the corresponding sources. For example, location information reportsfrom the 5G network may comprise an accuracy component for which the location management server may assess accuracy from. The accuracy may also factor if analytics were use in the location report based on the confidence level of the analytics.Table 2 - Value- Add Location Information Notification Elements

[0056] As shown by the procedure of Figure 3, the location management server may obtain location information from multiple sources. The location management server may fuse the location information from the multiple sources to generate value-add location information such as location density and related flow information, information about target UEs within the target area, and information about inbound UEs that may be approaching the target area. Each of the value-add location information may provide additional insights and trends above existing location information.

[0057] Systems and methods are proposed herein for enhancements to value-add location information. For example, the method described in Figure 3 may comprise receiving, at a location management server (LMS) and from a requesting server, a request for enhanced location information associated with at least one of a target area or a target user equipment (UE). The method may further comprise receiving, from an application server and in response to a request from the LMS, first location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE and analytics information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE. The method may further comprise receiving, from a 5G network and in response to a request from the LMS, second location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE. The method may further comprise receiving, from one or more location management clients and in response to a request from the LMS, third location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE. The method may further comprise determining, based on the first location information, the second location information, the third location information, and the analytics information, enhanced location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE. The method may further comprise sending, to the requesting server, the enhanced location information.

[0058] The enhanced location information of the method described in Figure 3 may further comprise one or more of: a density of UEs in the target area; indications of UEs outside of the target area that are inbound to the target area, comprising at least one of a location or a velocity of the UEs outside of the target area; a flow rate of UEs into and out of the target area; a density distribution of the UEs in the target area; a rate of periodic change of the density of the UEs; a rate of periodic change of the flow rate of the UEs into and out of the target area; a time associated with the target UE entering the target area, a time associated with the target UE exiting the target area, and a total time the target UE spent in the target area; an accuracyindicator associated with enhanced location information derived at least in part from the analytics information; and activities performed by the target UE in the target area.

[0059] The method described in Figure 3 may further comprise authorizing the request from the requesting server for enhanced location information associated with the at least one of the target area or the target UE. The method may comprise determining an identifier associated with the request; and associating the identifier with the enhanced location information.

[0060] The method described in Figure 3 may further comprise determining, based on receiving one or more of updated first location information, updated second location information, updated third location information, or updated analytics information associated with the at least one of the target area or the target UE, updated enhanced location information. The method may further comprise determining, based on the enhanced location information, a presence of a reporting event. The method may further comprise sending, based on the presence of the reporting event associated with the enhanced location information, the updated enhanced location information to the requesting server.

[0061] The method described in Figure 3 may further comprise wherein a reporting event comprises one or more of: a density of UEs in the target area exceeding an upper threshold; the density of UEs in the target area falling below a lower threshold; an outflow rate of UEs from the target area exceeding an outflow threshold; an inflow rate of UEs from the target area exceeding an inflow threshold; an indication of the outflow rate exceeding the inflow rate; an indication of the target UE moving from the target area to a second target area; an indication of the target UE leaving the target area prematurely; and a quantity of inbound UEs exceeding an inbound UE threshold.

[0062] The method described in Figure 3 may further comprise determining a reporting period associated with sending enhanced location information to the requesting server. The method may further comprise determining, based on the reporting period, updated enhanced location information; and sending, based on the reporting period, the updated enhanced location information to the requesting server.

[0063] The method described in Figure 3 may further comprise wherein the request from the requesting server comprises an indication of the target area comprising one or more of a list of civic addresses, one or more Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates, or a service area identifier. The method may further comprise determining, based on a capability of the 5Gnetwork, a translated indication of the target area. The method may further comprise sending, to the 5G network, the translated indication of the target area.

[0064] The method described in Figure 3 may further comprise wherein the one or more location management clients are located at the target UE.

[0065] The method described in Figure 3 may further comprise wherein the one or more location management clients are located at UEs located at the target area.

[0066] The method described in Figure 3 may further comprise wherein the request for enhanced location information comprises a request for enhanced location information associated with a plurality of target UEs. The method may further comprise sending, to a plurality of target UE location management clients, each target UE location management client located at one of the plurality of target UEs, a request for fourth location information associated with the plurality of target UEs. The method may further comprise receiving, from the plurality of target UEs, the fourth location information. The method may further comprise sending, to the requesting server, additional enhanced location information, wherein the additional enhanced location information is determined at least in part by the fourth location information received from the plurality of target UEs.

[0067] The steps described in Figure 3 may be performed by a device. The device may comprise one or more processors. The device may comprise memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to take a plurality of actions. The device may receive, from a requesting server, a request for enhanced location information associated with at least one of a target area or a target user equipment (UE). The device may receive, from an application server and in response to a request from the device, first location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE and analytics information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE. The device may receive, from a 5G network and in response to a request from the device, second location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE. The device may receive, from one or more location management clients and in response to a request from the device, third location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE. The device may determine, based on the first location information, the second location information, the third location information, and the analytics information, enhanced locationinformation associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE. The device may send, to the requesting server, the enhanced location information.

[0068] The device described in Figure 3 may further comprise wherein the enhanced location information comprises one or more of: a density of UEs in the target area; indications of UEs outside of the target area that are inbound to the target area, comprising at least one of a location or a velocity of the UEs outside of the target area; a flow rate of UEs into and out of the target area; a density distribution of the UEs in the target area; a rate of periodic change of the density of the UEs; a rate of periodic change of the flow rate of the UEs into and out of the target area; a time associated with the target UE entering the target area, a time associated with the target UE exiting the target area, and a total time the target UE spent in the target area; an accuracy indicator associated with enhanced location information derived at least in part from the analytics information; and activities performed by the target UE in the target area.

[0069] The device described in Figure 3 may further authorize the request from the requesting server for enhanced location information associated with the at least one of the target area or the target UE. The device may determine an identifier associated with the request. The device may associate the identifier with the enhanced location information.

[0070] The device described in Figure 3 may determine, based on receiving one or more of updated first location information, updated second location information, updated third location information, or updated analytics information associated with the at least one of the target area or the target UE, updated enhanced location information. The device may determine, based on the enhanced location information, a presence of a reporting event. The device may send, based on the presence of the reporting event associated with the enhanced location information, the updated enhanced location information to the requesting server.

[0071] The device described in Figure 3 may comprise one or more reporting events. Reporting events may comprise one or more of: a density of UEs in the target area exceeding an upper threshold; the density of UEs in the target area falling below a lower threshold; an outflow rate of UEs from the target area exceeding an outflow threshold; an inflow rate of UEs from the target area exceeding an inflow threshold; an indication of the outflow rate exceeding the inflow rate; an indication of the target UE moving from the target area to a second target area; an indication of the target UE leaving the target area prematurely; and a quantity of inbound UEs exceeding an inbound UE threshold.

[0072] The device described in Figure 3 may determine a reporting period associated with sending enhanced location information to the requesting server. The device may determine, based on the reporting period, updated enhanced location information. The device may send, based on the reporting period, the updated enhanced location information to the requesting server.

[0073] The device described in Figure 3 may further receive the request from the requesting server comprising an indication of the target area, and the indication of the target area may comprise one or more of a list of civic addresses, one or more Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates, or a service area identifier. The device may determine, based on a capability of the 5G network, a translated indication of the target area. The device may further send, to the 5G network, the translated indication of the target area.

[0074] The device described in Figure 3 may comprise wherein the one or more location management clients are located at the target UE.

[0075] The device described in Figure 3 may wherein the one or more location management clients are located at UEs located at the target area.

[0076] The device described in Figure 3 may further comprise receiving a request for enhanced location information associated with a plurality of target UEs, and the device may send, to a plurality of target UE location management clients, each target UE location management client located at one of the plurality of target UEs, a request for fourth location information associated with the plurality of target UEs. The device may receive, from the plurality of target UEs, the fourth location information. The device may send, to the requesting server, additional enhanced location information, wherein the additional enhanced location information is determined at least in part by the fourth location information received from the plurality of target UEs.

[0077] User Interface

[0078] Figure 4 depicts an example graphical user interface that may be generated in an application server receiving value-add location information from a location management server. The information may be organized according to three general categories: target UE information, inbound UE information, and location density information. The information within each category may represent the information shown in Table 2. A report identifier and a timestamp, both of which are not shown in the figure, may also be included in the GUI.

[0079] Figure 5 A illustrates one embodiment of an example communications system 100 in which the methods and apparatuses described and claimed herein may be embodied. As shown, the example communications system 100 may comprise wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, 102e, 102f, and / or 102g (which generally or collectively may be referred to as WTRU 102), a radio access network (RAN) 103 / 104 / 105 / 103b / l 04b / l 05b, a core network 106 / 107 / 109, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, , other networks 112, and V2X server (or ProSe function and server) 113, though it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, 102e, 102f, 102g may be any type of apparatus or device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. Although each WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, 102e, 102f, 102g is depicted in Figures 5A-5E as a hand-held wireless communications apparatus, it is understood that with the wide variety of examples contemplated for 5G wireless communications, each WTRU may comprise or be embodied in any type of apparatus or device configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals, including, by way of example only, user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a tablet, a netbook, a notebook computer, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, consumer electronics, a wearable device such as a smart watch or smart clothing, a medical or eHealth device, a robot, industrial equipment, a drone, a vehicle such as a car, truck, train, or airplane, and the like.

[0080] The communications system 100 may also include a base station 114a and a base station 114b. Base stations 114a may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the core network 106 / 107 / 109, the Internet 110, and / or the other networks 112. Base stations 114b may be any type of device configured to wiredly and / or wirelessly interface with at least one of the RRHs (Remote Radio Heads) 118a, 118b, TRPs (Transmission and Reception Points) 119a, 119b, and / or RSUs (Roadside Units) 120a and 120b to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the core network 106 / 107 / 109, the Internet 110, the other networks 112, and / or V2X server (or ProSe function and server) 113. RRHs 118a, 118b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRU 102c, to facilitate access to one or more communication networks,such as the core network 106 / 107 / 109, the Internet 110, and / or the other networks 112. TRPs 119a, 119b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRU 102d, to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the core network 106 / 107 / 109, the Internet 110, and / or the other networks 112. RSUs 120a and 120b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRU 102e or 102f, to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the core network 106 / 107 / 109, the Internet 110, the other networks 112, and / or V2X server (or ProSe function and server) 113. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B, an eNode B, a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0081] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 103 / 104 / 105, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc. The base station 114b may be part of the RAN 103b / l 04b / l 05b, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc. The base station 114a may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). The base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wired and / or wireless signals within a particular geographic region, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). The cell may further be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in an embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, e.g., one for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology and, therefore, may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell.

[0082] The base stations 114a may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over an air interface 115 / 116 / 117, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, cmWave, mmWave, etc.). The air interface 115 / 116 / 117 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0083] The base stations 114b may communicate with one or more of the RRHs 118a, 118b, TRPs 119a, 119b, and / or RSUs 120a and 120b, over a wired or air interface 115b / l 16b / l 17b, which may be any suitable wired (e.g., cable, optical fiber, etc.) or wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, cmWave, mmWave, etc.). The air interface 115b / l 16b / l 17b may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0084] The RRHs 118a, 118b, TRPs 119a, 119b and / or RSUs 120a, 120b, may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102c, 102d, 102e, 102f over an air interface 115c / l 16c / l 17c, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, cmWave, mmWave, etc.). The air interface 115c / l 16c / l 17c may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0085] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, 102e, 102f, and / or 102g may communicate with one another over an air interface 115d / l 16d / l 17d (not shown in the figures), which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, cmWave, mmWave, etc.). The air interface 115d / l 16d / l 17d may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0086] More specifically, as noted above, the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 103 / 104 / 105 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, or RRHs 118a, 118b, TRPs 119a, 119b and RSUs 120a, 120b, in the RAN 103b / l 04b / l 05b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d, 102e, 102f, may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 115 / 116 / 117 or 115c / l 16c / l 17c respectively using wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0087] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, or RRHs 118a, 118b, TRPs 119a, 119b, and / or RSUs 120a, 120b, in the RAN 103b / l 04b / l 05b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d, may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 115 / 116 / 117 or 115c / l 16c / l 17crespectively using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A). In the future, the air interface 115 / 116 / 117 may implement 3GPP NR technology. The LTE and LTE-A technology includes LTE D2D and V2X technologies and interface (such as Sidelink communications, etc.) The 3 GPP NR technology includes NR V2X technologies and interface (such as Sidelink communications, etc.)

[0088] In an embodiment, the base station 114a in the RAN 103 / 104 / 105 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, or RRHs 118a, 118b, TRPs 119a, 119b and / or RSUs 120a, 120b, in the RAN 103b / 104b / 105b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d, 102e, 102f may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.16 (e.g., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 IX, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.

[0089] The base station 114c in Figure llAmay be a wireless router, Home Node B, Home eNode B, or access point, for example, and may utilize any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as a place of business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, and the like. In an embodiment, the base station 114c and the WTRUs 102e, may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114c and the WTRUs 102d, may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, the base station 114c and the WTRUs 102e, may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell. As illustrated in Figure 11 A, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114c may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the core network 106 / 107 / 109.

[0090] The RAN 103 / 104 / 105 and / or RAN 103b / 104b / 105b may be in communication with the core network 106 / 107 / 109, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. For example, the core network 106 / 107 / 109 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication.

[0091] Although not illustrated in Figure 5A, it will be appreciated that the RAN 103 / 104 / 105 and / or RAN 103b / 104b / 105b and / or the core network 106 / 107 / 109 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 103 / 104 / 105 and / or RAN 103b / l 04b / l 05b or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 103 / 104 / 105 and / or RAN 103b / 104b / 105b, which may be utilizing an E-UTRA radio technology, the core network 106 / 107 / 109 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing a GSM radio technology.

[0092] The core network 106 / 107 / 109 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, 102e to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include circuit-switched telephone networks that provide plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP) and the internet protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired or wireless communications networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another core network connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 103 / 104 / 105 and / or RAN 103b / l 04b / l 05b or a different RAT.

[0093] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities, e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, and 102e may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links. For example, the WTRU 102e illustrated in Figure 5 A may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114c, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0094] Figure 5B is a block diagram of an example apparatus or device configured for wireless communications in accordance with the embodiments illustrated herein, such as for example, a WTRU 102. As illustrated in Figure 5B, the example WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 113, a di splay / touchpad / indicators 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and other peripherals 138. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment. Also, embodimentscontemplate that the base stations 114a and 114b, and / or the nodes that base stations 114a and 114b may represent, such as but not limited to transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B, a site controller, an access point (AP), a home node-B, an evolved home node-B (eNodeB), a home evolved node-B (HeNB), a home evolved node-B gateway, and proxy nodes, among others, may include some or all of the elements depicted in Figure 5B and described herein.

[0095] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGAs) circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. While Figure 5B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0096] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to, or receive signals from, a base station (e.g., the base station 114a) over the air interface 115 / 116 / 117. For example, in an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example. In yet an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0097] In addition, although the transmit / receive element 122 is depicted in Figure 5B as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 115 / 116 / 117.

[0098] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate the signals that are to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate the signals that are received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as UTRA and IEEE 802.11, for example.

[0099] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to, and may receive user input data from, the speaker / mi crophone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad / indicators 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad / indicators 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, any type of suitable memory, such as the non-removable memory 130 and / or the removable memory 132. The nonremovable memory 130 may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In an embodiment, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0100] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control the power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0101] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or in lieu of, the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information over the air interface 115 / 116 / 117 from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) and / or determine its location based on the timing of the signals being received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by way of any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0102] The processor 118 may further be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include various sensors such as an accelerometer, biometrics (e.g., finger print) sensors, an e- compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photographs or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port or other interconnect interfaces, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, and the like.

[0103] The WTRU 102 may be embodied in other apparatuses or devices, such as a sensor, consumer electronics, a wearable device such as a smart watch or smart clothing, a medical or eHealth device, a robot, industrial equipment, a drone, a vehicle such as a car, truck, train, or airplane. The WTRU 102 may connect to other components, modules, or systems of such apparatuses or devices via one or more interconnect interfaces, such as an interconnect interface that may comprise one of the peripherals 138.

[0104] Figure 5C is a system diagram of the RAN 103 and the core network 106 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 103 may employ a UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 115. The RAN 103 may also be in communication with the core network 106. As illustrated in Figure 5C, the RAN 103 may include Node-Bs 140a, 140b, 140c, which may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 115. The Node-Bs 140a, 140b, 140c may each be associated with a particular cell (not shown) within the RAN 103. The RAN 103 may also include RNCs 142a, 142b. It will be appreciated that the RAN 103 may include any number of Node-Bs and RNCs while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0105] As illustrated in Figure 5C, the Node-Bs 140a, 140b may be in communication with the RNC 142a. Additionally, the Node-B 140c may be in communication with the RNC 142b. The Node-Bs 140a, 140b, 140c may communicate with the respective RNCs 142a, 142b via an lub interface. The RNCs 142a, 142b may be in communication with one another via an lur interface. Each of the RNCs 142a, 142b may be configured to control the respective Node-Bs 140a, 140b, 140c to which it is connected. In addition, each of the RNCs 142a, 142b may be configured to carry out or support other functionality, such as outer loop power control, loadcontrol, admission control, packet scheduling, handover control, macro-diversity, security functions, data encryption, and the like.

[0106] The core network 106 illustrated in Figure 5C may include a media gateway (MGW) 144, a mobile switching center (MSC) 146, a serving GPRS support node (SGSN) 148, and / or a gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) 150. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the core network 106, it will be appreciated that any one of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the core network operator.

[0107] The RNC 142a in the RAN 103 may be connected to the MSC 146 in the core network 106 via an luCS interface. The MSC 146 may be connected to the MGW 144. The MSC 146 and the MGW 144 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit- switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices.

[0108] The RNC 142a in the RAN 103 may also be connected to the SGSN 148 in the core network 106 via an luPS interface. The SGSN 148 may be connected to the GGSN 150. The SGSN 148 and the GGSN 150 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet- switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0109] As noted above, the core network 106 may also be connected to the networks 112, which may include other wired or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0110] Figure 5D is a system diagram of the RAN 104 and the core network 107 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the core network 107.

[0111] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In an embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNode-B 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.

[0112] Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the uplink and / or downlink, and the like. As illustrated in Figure 5D, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another over an X2 interface.

[0113] The core network 107 illustrated in Figure 5D may include a mobility management gateway (MME) 162, a serving gateway 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway 166. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the core network 107, it will be appreciated that any one of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the core network operator.

[0114] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in the RAN 104 via an SI interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may also provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM or WCDMA.

[0115] The serving gateway 164 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in the RAN 104 via the SI interface. The serving gateway 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The serving gateway 164 may also perform other functions, such as anchoring user planes during inter-eNode B handovers, triggering paging when downlink data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0116] The serving gateway 164 may also be connected to the PDN gateway 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0117] The core network 107 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the core network 107 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit- switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the corenetwork 107 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the core network 107 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the core network 107 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the networks 112, which may include other wired or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0118] Figure 5E is a system diagram of the RAN 105 and the core network 109 according to an embodiment. The RAN 105 may be an access service network (ASN) that employs IEEE 802.16 radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 117. As will be further discussed below, the communication links between the different functional entities of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, the RAN 105, and the core network 109 may be defined as reference points.

[0119] As illustrated in Figure 5E, the RAN 105 may include base stations 180a, 180b, 180c, and an ASN gateway 182, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 105 may include any number of base stations and ASN gateways while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The base stations 180a, 180b, 180c may each be associated with a particular cell in the RAN 105 and may include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 117. In an embodiment, the base stations 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the base station 180a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a. The base stations 180a, 180b, 180c may also provide mobility management functions, such as handoff triggering, tunnel establishment, radio resource management, traffic classification, quality of service (QoS) policy enforcement, and the like. The ASN gateway 182 may serve as a traffic aggregation point and may be responsible for paging, caching of subscriber profiles, routing to the core network 109, and the like.

[0120] The air interface 117 between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and the RAN 105 may be defined as an R1 reference point that implements the IEEE 802.16 specification. In addition, each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c may establish a logical interface (not shown) with the core network 109. The logical interface between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and the core network 109 may be defined as an R2 reference point, which may be used for authentication, authorization, IP host configuration management, and / or mobility management.

[0121] The communication link between each of the base stations 180a, 180b, and 180c may be defined as an R8 reference point that includes protocols for facilitating WTRU handovers and the transfer of data between base stations. The communication link between the base stations 180a, 180b, 180c and the ASN gateway 182 may be defined as an R6 reference point. The R6 reference point may include protocols for facilitating mobility management based on mobility events associated with each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0122] As illustrated in Figure 5E, the RAN 105 may be connected to the core network 109. The communication link between the RAN 105 and the core network 109 may defined as an R3 reference point that includes protocols for facilitating data transfer and mobility management capabilities, for example. The core network 109 may include a mobile IP home agent (MIP-HA) 184, an authentication, authorization, accounting (AAA) server 186, and a gateway 188. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the core network 109, it will be appreciated that any one of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the core network operator.

[0123] The MIP-HA may be responsible for IP address management, and may enable the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c to roam between different ASNs and / or different core networks. The MIP-HA 184 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The AAA server 186 may be responsible for user authentication and for supporting user services. The gateway 188 may facilitate interworking with other networks. For example, the gateway 188 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. In addition, the gateway 188 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the networks 112, which may include other wired or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0124] Although not illustrated in Figure 5E, it will be appreciated that the RAN 105 may be connected to other ASNs and the core network 109 may be connected to other core networks. The communication link between the RAN 105 the other ASNs may be defined as an R4 reference point, which may include protocols for coordinating the mobility of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c between the RAN 105 and the other ASNs. The communication link betweenthe core network 109 and the other core networks may be defined as an R5 reference, which may include protocols for facilitating interworking between home core networks and visited core networks.

[0125] The core network entities described herein and illustrated in Figures 5A, 5C, 5D, and 5E are identified by the names given to those entities in certain existing 3GPP specifications, but it is understood that in the future those entities and functionalities may be identified by other names and certain entities or functions may be combined in future specifications published by 3 GPP, including future 3 GPP NR specifications. Thus, the particular network entities and functionalities described and illustrated in Figures 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, and 5E are provided by way of example only, and it is understood that the subject matter disclosed and claimed herein may be embodied or implemented in any similar communication system, whether presently defined or defined in the future.

[0126] Figure 5F is a block diagram of an exemplary computing system 90 in which one or more apparatuses of the communications networks illustrated in Figures 5A, 5C, 5D and 5E may be embodied, such as certain nodes or functional entities in the RAN 103 / 104 / 105, Core Network 106 / 107 / 109, PSTN 108, Internet 110, or Other Networks 112. Computing system 90 may comprise a computer or server and may be controlled primarily by computer readable instructions, which may be in the form of software, wherever, or by whatever means such software is stored or accessed. Such computer readable instructions may be executed within a processor 91, to cause computing system 90 to do work. The processor 91 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGAs) circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 91 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the computing system 90 to operate in a communications network. Coprocessor 81 is an optional processor, distinct from main processor 91, that may perform additional functions or assist processor 91. Processor 91 and / or coprocessor 81 may receive, generate, and process data related to the methods and apparatuses disclosed herein.

[0127] In operation, processor 91 fetches, decodes, and executes instructions, and transfers information to and from other resources via the computing system’s main data-transfer path, system bus 80. Such a system bus connects the components in computing system 90 and defines the medium for data exchange. System bus 80 typically includes data lines for sending data, address lines for sending addresses, and control lines for sending interrupts and for operating the system bus. An example of such a system bus 80 is the PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus.

[0128] Memories coupled to system bus 80 include random access memory (RAM) 82 and read only memory (ROM) 93. Such memories include circuitry that allows information to be stored and retrieved. ROMs 93 generally contain stored data that cannot easily be modified. Data stored in RAM 82 may be read or changed by processor 91 or other hardware devices. Access to RAM 82 and / or ROM 93 may be controlled by memory controller 92. Memory controller 92 may provide an address translation function that translates virtual addresses into physical addresses as instructions are executed. Memory controller 92 may also provide a memory protection function that isolates processes within the system and isolates system processes from user processes. Thus, a program running in a first mode may access only memory mapped by its own process virtual address space; it cannot access memory within another process’s virtual address space unless memory sharing between the processes has been set up.

[0129] In addition, computing system 90 may contain peripherals controller 83 responsible for communicating instructions from processor 91 to peripherals, such as printer 94, keyboard 84, mouse 95, and disk drive 85.

[0130] Display 86, which is controlled by display controller 96, is used to display visual output generated by computing system 90. Such visual output may include text, graphics, animated graphics, and video. The visual output may be provided in the form of a graphical user interface (GUI). Display 86 may be implemented with a CRT-based video display, an LCD-based flat-panel display, gas plasma-based flat-panel display, or a touch-panel. Display controller 96 includes electronic components required to generate a video signal that is sent to display 86.

[0131] Further, computing system 90 may contain communication circuitry, such as for example a network adapter 97, that may be used to connect computing system 90 to an external communications network, such as the RAN 103 / 104 / 105, Core Network 106 / 107 / 109, PSTN 108, Internet 110, or Other Networks 112 of Figures 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, and 5E, to enable thecomputing system 90 to communicate with other nodes or functional entities of those networks. The communication circuitry, alone or in combination with the processor 91, may be used to perform the transmitting and receiving steps of certain apparatuses, nodes, or functional entities described herein.

[0132] Figure 5G illustrates one embodiment of an example communications system 111 in which the methods and apparatuses described and claimed herein may be embodied. As shown, the example communications system 111 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) A, B, C, D, E, F, a base station, a V2X server, and a RSUs A and B, though it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. One or several or all WTRUs A, B, C, D, E can be out of range of the network (for example, in the figure out of the cell coverage boundary shown as the dash line). WTRUs A, B, C form a V2X group, among which WTRU A is the group lead and WTRUs B and C are group members. WTRUs A, B, C, D, E, F may communicate over Uu interface or Sidelink (PC5) interface.

[0133] It is understood that any or all of the apparatuses, systems, methods and processes described herein may be embodied in the form of computer executable instructions (e.g., program code) stored on a computer-readable storage medium which instructions, when executed by a processor, such as processors 118 or 91, cause the processor to perform and / or implement the systems, methods and processes described herein. Specifically, any of the steps, operations or functions described herein may be implemented in the form of such computer executable instructions, executing on the processor of an apparatus or computing system configured for wireless and / or wired network communications. Computer readable storage media include volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any non-transitory (e g., tangible or physical) method or technology for storage of information, but such computer readable storage media do not include signals. Computer readable storage media include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other tangible or physical medium which may be used to store the desired information and which may be accessed by a computing system.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A method compri sing : receiving, at a location management server (LMS) and from a requesting server, a request for enhanced location information associated with at least one of a target area or a target user equipment (UE); receiving, from an application server and in response to a request from the LMS, first location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE and analytics information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE; receiving, from a 5G network and in response to a request from the LMS, second location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE; receiving, from one or more location management clients and in response to a request from the LMS, third location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE; determining, based on the first location information, the second location information, the third location information, and the analytics information, enhanced location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE; and sending, to the requesting server, the enhanced location information.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the enhanced location information comprises one or more of: a density of UEs in the target area; indications of UEs outside of the target area that are inbound to the target area, comprising at least one of a location or a velocity of the UEs outside of the target area; a flow rate of UEs into and out of the target area; a density distribution of the UEs in the target area; a rate of periodic change of the density of the UEs; a rate of periodic change of the flow rate of the UEs into and out of the target area; a time associated with the target UE entering the target area, a time associated with the target UE exiting the target area, and a total time the target UE spent in the target area; an accuracy indicator associated with enhanced location information derived at least in part from the analytics information; andactivities performed by the target UE in the target area.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: authorizing the request from the requesting server for enhanced location information associated with the at least one of the target area or the target UE; determining an identifier associated with the request; and associating the identifier with the enhanced location information.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining, based on receiving one or more of updated first location information, updated second location information, updated third location information, or updated analytics information associated with the at least one of the target area or the target UE, updated enhanced location information; determining, based on the enhanced location information, a presence of a reporting event; and sending, based on the presence of the reporting event associated with the enhanced location information, the updated enhanced location information to the requesting server.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein a reporting event comprises one or more of: a density of UEs in the target area exceeding an upper threshold; the density of UEs in the target area falling below a lower threshold; an outflow rate of UEs from the target area exceeding an outflow threshold; an inflow rate of UEs from the target area exceeding an inflow threshold; an indication of the outflow rate exceeding the inflow rate; an indication of the target UE moving from the target area to a second target area; an indication of the target UE leaving the target area prematurely; and a quantity of inbound UEs exceeding an inbound UE threshold.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining a reporting period associated with sending enhanced location information to the requesting server;determining, based on the reporting period, updated enhanced location information; and sending, based on the reporting period, the updated enhanced location information to the requesting server.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the request from the requesting server comprises an indication of the target area comprising one or more of a list of civic addresses, one or more Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates, or a service area identifier, further comprising: determining, based on a capability of the 5G network, a translated indication of the target area; and sending, to the 5G network, the translated indication of the target area.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more location management clients are located at the target UE.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more location management clients are located at UEs located at the target area.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the request for enhanced location information comprises a request for enhanced location information associated with a plurality of target UEs, further comprising; sending, to a plurality of target UE location management clients, each target UE location management client located at one of the plurality of target UEs, a request for fourth location information associated with the plurality of target UEs; receiving, from the plurality of target UEs, the fourth location information; and sending, to the requesting server, additional enhanced location information, wherein the additional enhanced location information is determined at least in part by the fourth location information received from the plurality of target UEs.

11. A device comprising: one or more processors; andmemory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to: receive, from a requesting server, a request for enhanced location information associated with at least one of a target area or a target user equipment (UE); receive, from an application server and in response to a request from the device, first location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE and analytics information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE; receive, from a 5G network and in response to a request from the device, second location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE; receive, from one or more location management clients and in response to a request from the device, third location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE; determine, based on the first location information, the second location information, the third location information, and the analytics information, enhanced location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE; and send, to the requesting server, the enhanced location information.

12. The device of claim 11, wherein the enhanced location information comprises one or more of: a density of UEs in the target area; indications of UEs outside of the target area that are inbound to the target area, comprising at least one of a location or a velocity of the UEs outside of the target area; a flow rate of UEs into and out of the target area; a density distribution of the UEs in the target area; a rate of periodic change of the density of the UEs; a rate of periodic change of the flow rate of the UEs into and out of the target area; a time associated with the target UE entering the target area, a time associated with the target UE exiting the target area, and a total time the target UE spent in the target area; an accuracy indicator associated with enhanced location information derived at least in part from the analytics information; and activities performed by the target UE in the target area.

13. The device of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the device to: authorize the request from the requesting server for enhanced location information associated with the at least one of the target area or the target UE; determine an identifier associated with the request; and associate the identifier with the enhanced location information.

14. The device of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the device to: determine, based on receiving one or more of updated first location information, updated second location information, updated third location information, or updated analytics information associated with the at least one of the target area or the target UE, updated enhanced location information; determine, based on the enhanced location information, a presence of a reporting event; and send, based on the presence of the reporting event associated with the enhanced location information, the updated enhanced location information to the requesting server.

15. The device of claim 14, wherein a reporting event comprises one or more of: a density of UEs in the target area exceeding an upper threshold; the density of UEs in the target area falling below a lower threshold; an outflow rate of UEs from the target area exceeding an outflow threshold; an inflow rate of UEs from the target area exceeding an inflow threshold; an indication of the outflow rate exceeding the inflow rate; an indication of the target UE moving from the target area to a second target area; an indication of the target UE leaving the target area prematurely; and a quantity of inbound UEs exceeding an inbound UE threshold.

16. The device of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the device to:determine a reporting period associated with sending enhanced location information to the requesting server; determine, based on the reporting period, updated enhanced location information; and send, based on the reporting period, the updated enhanced location information to the requesting server.

17. The device of claim 11, wherein the request from the requesting server comprises an indication of the target area comprising one or more of a list of civic addresses, one or more Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates, or a service area identifier, and wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the device to: determine, based on a capability of the 5G network, a translated indication of the target area; and send, to the 5G network, the translated indication of the target area.

18. The device of claim 11, wherein the one or more location management clients are located at the target UE.

19. The device of claim 11, wherein the one or more location management clients are located at UEs located at the target area.

20. The device of claim 11, wherein the request for enhanced location information comprises a request for enhanced location information associated with a plurality of target UEs, and wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the device to: send, to a plurality of target UE location management clients, each target UE location management client located at one of the plurality of target UEs, a request for fourth location information associated with the plurality of target UEs; receive, from the plurality of target UEs, the fourth location information; and send, to the requesting server, additional enhanced location information, wherein the additional enhanced location information is determined at least in part by the fourth location information received from the plurality of target UEs.ABSTRACTSystems and methods are presented herein for determining and providing enhanced location information in a communication network. The method may comprise receiving, at a location management server (LMS) and from another server, a request for enhanced location information associated with a user equipment (UE). The method may comprise sending, to the another server and based on authorizing the subscription request, an indication that the LMS will send enhanced location information associated with the UE to the another server. The method may comprise determining, at one or more time intervals, basic location information associated with the UE. The method may comprise determining, based at least in part on the basic location information associated with the UE, enhanced location information associated with the UE. The method may comprise sending, to the another server, the enhanced location information associated with the UE.What is claimed is:

1. A method compri sing : receiving, at a location management server (LMS) and from a requesting server, a request for enhanced location information associated with at least one of a target area or a target user equipment (UE); receiving, from an application server and in response to a request from the LMS, first location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE and analytics information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE; receiving, from a 5G network and in response to a request from the LMS, second location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE; receiving, from one or more location management clients and in response to a request from the LMS, third location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE; determining, based on the first location information, the second location information, the third location information, and the analytics information, enhanced location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE; and sending, to the requesting server, the enhanced location information.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the enhanced location information comprises one or more of: a density of UEs in the target area; indications of UEs outside of the target area that are inbound to the target area, comprising at least one of a location or a velocity of the UEs outside of the target area; a flow rate of UEs into and out of the target area; a density distribution of the UEs in the target area; a rate of periodic change of the density of the UEs; a rate of periodic change of the flow rate of the UEs into and out of the target area; a time associated with the target UE entering the target area, a time associated with the target UE exiting the target area, and a total time the target UE spent in the target area; an accuracy indicator associated with enhanced location information derived at least in part from the analytics information; andactivities performed by the target UE in the target area.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: authorizing the request from the requesting server for enhanced location information associated with the at least one of the target area or the target UE; determining an identifier associated with the request; and associating the identifier with the enhanced location information.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining, based on receiving one or more of updated first location information, updated second location information, updated third location information, or updated analytics information associated with the at least one of the target area or the target UE, updated enhanced location information; determining, based on the enhanced location information, a presence of a reporting event; and sending, based on the presence of the reporting event associated with the enhanced location information, the updated enhanced location information to the requesting server.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein a reporting event comprises one or more of: a density of UEs in the target area exceeding an upper threshold; the density of UEs in the target area falling below a lower threshold; an outflow rate of UEs from the target area exceeding an outflow threshold; an inflow rate of UEs from the target area exceeding an inflow threshold; an indication of the outflow rate exceeding the inflow rate; an indication of the target UE moving from the target area to a second target area; an indication of the target UE leaving the target area prematurely; and a quantity of inbound UEs exceeding an inbound UE threshold.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining a reporting period associated with sending enhanced location information to the requesting server;determining, based on the reporting period, updated enhanced location information; and sending, based on the reporting period, the updated enhanced location information to the requesting server.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the request from the requesting server comprises an indication of the target area comprising one or more of a list of civic addresses, one or more Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates, or a service area identifier, further comprising: determining, based on a capability of the 5G network, a translated indication of the target area; and sending, to the 5G network, the translated indication of the target area.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more location management clients are located at the target UE.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more location management clients are located at UEs located at the target area.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the request for enhanced location information comprises a request for enhanced location information associated with a plurality of target UEs, further comprising; sending, to a plurality of target UE location management clients, each target UE location management client located at one of the plurality of target UEs, a request for fourth location information associated with the plurality of target UEs; receiving, from the plurality of target UEs, the fourth location information; and sending, to the requesting server, additional enhanced location information, wherein the additional enhanced location information is determined at least in part by the fourth location information received from the plurality of target UEs.

11. A device comprising: one or more processors; andmemory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to: receive, from a requesting server, a request for enhanced location information associated with at least one of a target area or a target user equipment (UE); receive, from an application server and in response to a request from the device, first location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE and analytics information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE; receive, from a 5G network and in response to a request from the device, second location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE; receive, from one or more location management clients and in response to a request from the device, third location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE; determine, based on the first location information, the second location information, the third location information, and the analytics information, enhanced location information associated with at least one of the target area or the target UE; and send, to the requesting server, the enhanced location information.

12. The device of claim 11, wherein the enhanced location information comprises one or more of: a density of UEs in the target area; indications of UEs outside of the target area that are inbound to the target area, comprising at least one of a location or a velocity of the UEs outside of the target area; a flow rate of UEs into and out of the target area; a density distribution of the UEs in the target area; a rate of periodic change of the density of the UEs; a rate of periodic change of the flow rate of the UEs into and out of the target area; a time associated with the target UE entering the target area, a time associated with the target UE exiting the target area, and a total time the target UE spent in the target area; an accuracy indicator associated with enhanced location information derived at least in part from the analytics information; and activities performed by the target UE in the target area.4013. The device of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the device to: authorize the request from the requesting server for enhanced location information associated with the at least one of the target area or the target UE; determine an identifier associated with the request; and associate the identifier with the enhanced location information.

14. The device of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the device to: determine, based on receiving one or more of updated first location information, updated second location information, updated third location information, or updated analytics information associated with the at least one of the target area or the target UE, updated enhanced location information; determine, based on the enhanced location information, a presence of a reporting event; and send, based on the presence of the reporting event associated with the enhanced location information, the updated enhanced location information to the requesting server.

15. The device of claim 14, wherein a reporting event comprises one or more of: a density of UEs in the target area exceeding an upper threshold; the density of UEs in the target area falling below a lower threshold; an outflow rate of UEs from the target area exceeding an outflow threshold; an inflow rate of UEs from the target area exceeding an inflow threshold; an indication of the outflow rate exceeding the inflow rate; an indication of the target UE moving from the target area to a second target area; an indication of the target UE leaving the target area prematurely; and a quantity of inbound UEs exceeding an inbound UE threshold.

16. The device of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the device to:41determine a reporting period associated with sending enhanced location information to the requesting server; determine, based on the reporting period, updated enhanced location information; and send, based on the reporting period, the updated enhanced location information to the requesting server.

17. The device of claim 11, wherein the request from the requesting server comprises an indication of the target area comprising one or more of a list of civic addresses, one or more Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates, or a service area identifier, and wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the device to: determine, based on a capability of the 5G network, a translated indication of the target area; and send, to the 5G network, the translated indication of the target area.

18. The device of claim 11, wherein the one or more location management clients are located at the target UE.

19. The device of claim 11, wherein the one or more location management clients are located at UEs located at the target area.

20. The device of claim 11, wherein the request for enhanced location information comprises a request for enhanced location information associated with a plurality of target UEs, and wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the device to: send, to a plurality of target UE location management clients, each target UE location management client located at one of the plurality of target UEs, a request for fourth location information associated with the plurality of target UEs; receive, from the plurality of target UEs, the fourth location information; and send, to the requesting server, additional enhanced location information, wherein the additional enhanced location information is determined at least in part by the fourth location information received from the plurality of target UEs.42

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