Ai / ML services solicitation and advertisement
The AI/ML enablement requestors and servers facilitate the discovery of AI/ML services and tasks, addressing consumer unawareness by providing information on available devices and requirements, optimizing task performance for efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/077901
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-02-19
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-28
AI Technical Summary
AI/ML consumers are unaware of other devices capable of assisting with tasks like model offload, model split, or model transfer, and lack information about available AI/ML services and their requirements, leading to inefficiencies in AI/ML processing due to dynamic network and compute conditions.
Implementing AI/ML enablement requestors and servers that facilitate the discovery of AI/ML services and tasks through solicitation and advertisement processes, providing information on available consumers, tasks, requirements, and incentives, enabling efficient task performance based on preferences and availability.
Enables AI/ML consumers to discover and leverage other consumers for their tasks, optimizing task performance based on preferences for green, energy-efficient, or low-cost operations, enhancing overall AI/ML processing efficiency.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025077901_28082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
AI / ML SERVICES SOLICITATION AND ADVERTISEMENTFIELD
[0001] Various embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication and in particular, to methods, devices and computer readable storage medium for artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) services.BACKGROUND
[0002] This section introduces aspects that may facilitate a better understanding of the disclosure. Accordingly, the statements of this section are to be read in this light and are not to be understood as admissions about what is in the prior art or what is not in the prior art.
[0003] In the area of AI / ML, the network and device plays an important role. The network conditions like poor conditions and device capabilities like support of CPU, GPU or accelerator affect the performance of the AI / ML process. There are different types of AI / ML like federated learning, split learning, transfer learning. In these different learning types, the devices can perform different methods like model transfer, or split model or model offload for inference / training. It is essential for the entities to discover the AI / ML service and its requirements to join any AI / ML service. Different AI / ML processes or services like Federated Learning (FL) or Transfer Learning (TL) have different requirements. FL demands constant network Quality of Service (QoS) assurance because model updates are exchanged constantly as compared to TL where the model is transferred only when required or training is complete on the source side. There are various use cases where nodes performing AI / ML services / processes are required to split the model for training due to reasons like low compute availability, transferring the model to other nodes for training, offloading for task inference etc. This requires nodes to discover other nodes providing those services like model split, model offload or transfer etc and can perform the requested AI / ML task or service.
[0004] Consider a group of robots working on a factory floor, these robots are equipped with network and compute capabilities and connected with a 5G or 6G network. The robots perform some kind of AI / ML-related tasks as part of their job. Due to the dynamic nature of the tasks, the robots could have low compute availability on board, low power, poor network conditions etc. In order to continue the AI / ML processing of the tasks, the robot can decide various schemes depending on the tasks like model offload, split model, model inference, etc. to some edge node or other robots. To achieve this in real-time with certain AI / ML task KPIs, there is a need for the robot to discover other nodes that can provide the processing of the AI / ML tasks or services.SUMMARY
[0005] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0006] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method implemented at an AI / ML enablement requestor. In the method, the AI / ML enablement requestor transmits, to an AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service. The AI / ML enablement requestor receives, from the AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service response to the AI / ML service request. The AI / ML service request may comprise at least one of: an AI / ML type of the AI / ML service, an AI / ML service duration defining the requestor availability for the AI / ML service, or AI / ML task information for the AI / ML service. The AI / ML task information for the AI / ML service may comprise a type of AI / ML task. The type of AI / ML task may comprise at least one of:model transfer, model training, model inference, model offload, or model split.
[0007] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method implemented at an AI / ML enablement server. In the method, the AI / ML enablement server receives, from an AI / ML enablement requestor, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service. The AI / ML enablement server transmits, to the AI / ML enablement requestor, an AI / ML service response to the AI / ML service request. The AI / ML service request may comprise at least one of: an AI / ML type of the AI / ML service, an AI / ML service duration defining the requestor availability for the AI / ML service, or AI / ML task information for the AI / ML service. The AI / ML task information for the AI / ML service may comprise a type of AI / ML task. The type of AI / ML task may comprise at least one of: model transfer, model training, model inference, model offload, or model split.
[0008] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method implemented at an AI / ML enablement server. In the method, the AI / ML enablement server transmits, to an AI / ML service provider, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service. The AI / ML enablement server receives, from the AI / ML service provider, an AI / ML service response indicating a result of participation of the AI / ML service provider to the AI / ML service according to the AI / ML service request.
[0009] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method implemented at an AI / ML service provider. In the method, the AI / ML service provider receives, from an AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service. The AI / ML service provider transmits, to the AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service response indicating a result of participation of the AI / ML service provider to the AI / ML service according to the AI / ML service request.
[0010] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an AI / ML enablement requestor. The AI / ML enablement requestor comprises a transmitting unit configured to transmit, to an AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service; and a receiving unit configured to receive, from the AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service response to the AI / ML service request.
[0011] In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an AI / ML enablement server. The AI / ML enablement server comprises a receiving unit configured to receive, from an AI / ML enablement requestor, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service; and a transmitting unit configured to transmit, to the AI / ML enablement requestor, an AI / ML service response to the AI / ML service request.
[0012] In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an AI / ML enablement server. The AI / ML enablement server comprises a transmitting unit configured to transmit, to an AI / ML service provider, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service; and a receiving unit configured to receive, from the AI / ML service provider, an AI / ML service response indicating a result of participation of the AI / ML service provider to the AI / ML service according to the AI / ML service request.
[0013] In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an AI / ML service provider. The AI / ML service provider comprises a receiving unit configured to receive, from an AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service; and a transmitting unit configured to transmit, to the AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service response indicating a result of participation of the AI / ML service provider to the AI / ML service according to the AI / ML service request.
[0014] In a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an AI / ML enablement requestor. The AI / ML enablement requestor comprises a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory containing instructions executable by the processor, whereby the AI / ML enablement requestor is operative to perform the method according to the first aspect.
[0015] In a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an AI / ML enablement server. The AI / ML enablement server comprises a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory containing instructions executable by the processor, whereby the AI / ML enablement server is operative to perform the method according to the second aspect.
[0016] In an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an AI / ML enablement server. The AI / ML enablement server comprises a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory containing instructions executable by the processor, whereby the AI / ML enablement server is operative to perform the method according to the third aspect.
[0017] In a twelfth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an AI / ML service provider. The AI / ML service provider comprises a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory containing instructions executable by the processor, whereby the AI / ML service provider is operative to perform the method according to the fourth aspect.
[0018] In a thirteenth aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor of a device, cause the device to perform the method according to the first aspect.
[0019] In a fourteenth aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor of a device, cause the device to perform the method according to the second aspect.
[0020] In a fifteenth aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor of a device, cause the device to perform the method according to the third aspect.
[0021] In a sixteenth aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor of a device, cause the device to perform the method according to the fourth aspect.
[0022] With the present disclosure, AI / ML consumers can discover other consumers in the network to perform their AI / ML tasks.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] Through the more detailed description of some embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, where the same reference generally refers to the same components in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 1 shows a diagram of an example communication environment in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented.
[0025] FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a signaling flow of a process of AI / ML service solicitation in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 3 shows a diagram of another example communication environment in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented.
[0027] FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a signaling flow of a process of AI / ML service advertisement in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 5A shows a schematic diagram of a flowchart of an example method performed at the AI / ML enablement requestor in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 5B shows a schematic diagram of a flowchart of an example method performed at the AI / ML enablement server in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 5C shows a schematic diagram of a flowchart of an example method performed at the AI / ML enablement server in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 5D shows a schematic diagram of a flowchart of an example method performed at the AI / ML service provider in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a communication device in accordance with some embodiments.
[0033] FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a computer readable storage medium in accordance with some embodiments.
[0034] FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an example of a communication system in accordance with some embodiments.
[0035] FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a terminal device (e.g., UE) in accordance with some embodiments.
[0036] FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a network node in accordance with some embodiments.
[0037] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a host in accordance with some embodiments.
[0038] FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0039] Some of the embodiments contemplated herein will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Other embodiments, however, are contained within the scope of the subject matter disclosed herein, the disclosed subject matter should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided by way of example to convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art.
[0040] Generally, all terms used herein are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the relevant technical field, unless a different meaning is clearly given and / or is implied from the context in which it is used. All references to a / an / the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc. are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any methods disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless a step is explicitly described as following or preceding another step and / or where it is implicit that a step must follow or precede another step. Any feature of any of the embodiments disclosed herein may be applied to any other embodiment, wherever appropriate. Likewise, any advantage of any of the embodiments may apply to any other embodiments, and vice versa. Other objectives, features and advantages of the enclosed embodiments will be apparent from the following description.
[0041] Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present disclosure should be or are in any single embodiment of the disclosure. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the described features, advantages, and characteristics of the disclosure may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize that the disclosure may be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the disclosure.
[0042] As used herein, the terms "first" , "second" and so forth refer to different elements. The singular forms "a" and "an" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises" , "comprising" , "has" , "having" , "includes" and / or "including" as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components and the like, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. The term "based on" is to be read as "based at least in part on" . The term "one embodiment" and "an embodiment" are to be read as "at least one embodiment" . The term "another embodiment" is to be read as "at least one other embodiment" . Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0043] As used herein, the term “terminal device” refers to a device which is intended for accessing services via an access network and configured to communicate over the access network. The terminal device may be able to communicate with a network node, such as a base station, or with another terminal device by transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals. For instance, the terminal device may include, but is not limited to: a mobile phone, a smart phone, a sensor device, a meter, a vehicle, a household appliance, a medical appliance, a media player, a camera, or any type of consumer electronic, for instance, but not limited to, a television, radio, lighting arrangement, a tablet computer, a laptop, or a personal computer (PC) . The terminal device may also include a portable, pocketstorable, hand-held, computer-comprised, or vehicle-mounted mobile device, enabled to communicate voice and / or data, via a wireless connection. In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0044] As used herein, the term “network device” or “network node” refers to a device in a communication network via which a terminal device receives services from the network. The terms “network node” , “network function” may be used interchangeably. A network function can be implemented either as a network element on a dedicated hardware, as a software instance running on a dedicated hardware, or as a virtualised function instantiated on an appropriate platform, e.g., on a cloud infrastructure. The network node comprises an access network node via which a terminal device accesses an access network. Examples of access network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points) , base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and newNR NodeBs (gNBs) ) . In the following description, the terms “network device” , “network node” , “base station” and “BS” may be used interchangeably.
[0045] The network node may further comprise a core network node. Examples of core network nodes may include functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) , Mobility Management Entity (MME) , an evolved Packet Data Gateway (ePGW) , a trusted wireless local area network (WLAN) access network (TWAN) node, a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) , an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , a Session Management Function (SMF) , a Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF) , a Serving Gateway (SGW) , a Packet Gateway (PGW) , an Authentication Server Function (AUSF) , a Subscription Identifier De-concealing function (SIDF) , a Unified Data Management (UDM) , a Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP) , a Network Exposure Function (NEF) , and / or a User Plane Function (UPF) .
[0046] As used herein, the term “communication device” refers to a device capable of communications. Examples of a communication device may comprise an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) enablement requestor, an AI / ML enablement server, AI / ML service provider, and / or the like.
[0047] As used herein, the term “AI / ML enablement requestor” refers to an AI / ML Enablement consumer, an AI / ML Enablement server, an AI / ML client, User Equipment (UE) , a Vertical Application Layer (VAL) client, a VAL server, an application server, and / the like. In some embodiments, the AI / ML enablement requestor may be implemented, for example, as a terminal device, a network device, or other suitable device (s) or apparatus (s) .
[0048] As used herein, the term “AI / ML service provider” refers to an AI / ML Enablement consumer, User Equipment (UE) , an AI / ML Enablement server, an AI / ML Enablement client, a Vertical Application Layer (VAL) client, an AI / ML client, an application server, a VAL server, and / or the like. In some embodiments, the AI / ML service provider may be implemented as a terminal device, a network device, or other suitable device (s) or apparatus (s) .
[0049] In some embodiments, the AI / ML enablement server may be implemented, for example, as a network device, a server, or other suitable device (s) or apparatus (s) .
[0050] Currently the AI / ML consumers are not aware of other devices which can assist the devices to carry out their AI / ML tasks like model offload, model split or model transfer, model inference, model training and so on. Moreover, currently the AI / ML consumers are not aware of which AI / ML services are available, type of AI / ML tasks and their requirements. In addition, currently the AI / ML consumers are not aware of any method to discover other consumers, and AI / ML services, AI / ML tasks and requirements. All these issues need to be solved.
[0051] Embodiments of the present disclosure propose two solutions to provide the information related to AI / ML services, AI / ML tasks, AI / ML task requirements, AI / ML tasks incentive availability, other nodes like available consumers, consumers time availability.
[0052] The first solution is related to AI / ML Enablement consumer initiated AI / ML services solicitation. In this solution, the consumer initiates the process by sending an AI / ML service solicitation request to the AI / ML enablement layer (e.g., AI / ML enabler layer) . The AI / ML enablement layer based on the request performs the processing and sends the AI / ML service solicitation response message to the AI / ML Enablement consumers. The response message consists of the list of AI / ML services, VAL service IDs, VAL server ID, associated AI / ML service requirements for each AI / ML services, incentive availability, list of AI / ML consumers and supported tasks, available time duration, supported charging schemes. Details of the first solution will be discussed with reference to FIGS. 1 to 2.
[0053] The second solution is related to AI / ML Enablement server initiated AI / ML service advertisement. The AI / ML Enablement server (e.g., AI / ML Enabler layer) sends an AI / ML service advertisement subscribe request to the AI / ML consumers with requested AI / ML services, tasks, its requirements, etc. The consumers acknowledge the subscription request and asynchronously provides the notification to the AI / ML Enablement server. The subscription request contains immediate, periodic or event-based reporting conditions for the notification message delivery. The periodic reporting is based on the configured intervals and event-based reporting is based on the configured triggers for the AI / ML Enablement consumer like changes in battery level, change in mode of power, changes in network parameters, changes in compute utilization etc.
[0054] The notification provides the indication of AI / ML Enablement consumer to participate in the requested AI / ML service, supported task, supported compute capability, supported network capability, indication of availability defined by time duration for the AI / ML service, supported charging schemes. Details of the second solution will be discussed with reference to FIGS. 3 to 4.
[0055] Both methods provide a procedure to enable the AI / ML consumers to discover the other consumers, and AI / ML services, which can perform their AI / ML tasks and AI / ML task requirements based on their requests and preferences. With the proposed solutions, the AI / ML consumer can initiate the procedure to leverage the AI / ML enablement server or AI / ML enabler layer assistance for the discovery process of consumers and tasks / services.
[0056] For instance, the AI / ML consumers can discover the other consumers in the network to perform their AI / ML tasks, which is essential for the consumers. The AI / ML consumers can indicate their availability to perform tasks, desired time window to perform the tasks. The AI / ML consumers can indicate their preferences for other consumers to perform their AI / ML tasks with Green task performance, Energy-efficient task performance, low computational costs task performance.
[0057] More details of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be discussed below.
[0058] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the communication environment 100, a first device 110, which is also referred to as an AI / ML enablement requestor 110, can communicate with a second device 120, which is also referred to as an AI / ML enablement server 120.
[0059] As discussed above, the AI / ML enablement requestor 110 may be implemented as an AI / ML Enablement consumer, an AI / ML Enablement server, an AI / ML client, a Vertical Application Layer (VAL) client, a VAL server, an application server, and / the like. In some embodiments, the AI / ML enablement requestor may be implemented, for example, as a terminal device, a network device, or other suitable device (s) or apparatus (s) .
[0060] The AI / ML enablement server 120 may be implemented, for example, as a network device, a server, or other suitable device (s) or apparatus (s) .
[0061] It is to be understood that the deployment of devices and the numbers of devices are shown in FIG. 1 only for the purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitations. The communication environment 100 may comprise more terminal devices, network nodes. Moreover, the communication environment 100 may comprise any other devices.
[0062] Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0063] It is to be understood that the operations at the AI / ML enablement requestor 110 and the AI / ML enablement server 120 should be coordinated. In other words, the AI / ML enablement server 120 and the AI / ML enablement requestor 110 should have common understanding about configurations, parameters and so on. Such common understanding may be implemented by any suitable interactions between the AI / ML enablement server 120 and the AI / ML enablement requestor 110 or both the AI / ML enablement server 120 and the AI / ML enablement requestor 110 applying the same rule / policy.
[0064] In the following, although some operations are described from a perspective of the AI / ML enablement requestor 110, it is to be understood that the corresponding operations should be performed by the AI / ML enablement server 120. Similarly, although some operations are described from a perspective of the AI / ML enablement server 120, it is to be understood that the corresponding operations should be performed by the AI / ML enablement requestor 110. Merely for brevity, some of the same or similar contents are omitted here.
[0065] Some further example implementations will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a signaling flow of a process of AI / ML service solicitation in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 200 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1. The signaling flow 200 involves an AI / ML enablement requestor and an AI / ML enablement server. For the purpose of illustration, some example embodiments may be described with the AI / ML enablement requestor 110 and the AI / ML enablement server 120. It is to be understood that this is just for purpose of example, rather than suggesting any limitations.
[0066] In the signaling flow 200, the AI / ML enablement requestor 110 transmits (205) , to the AI / ML enablement server 120, an AI / ML service solicitation request for an AI / ML service.
[0067] Upon receiving (210) the AI / ML service solicitation request, the AI / ML enablement server 120 discovers the requested AI / ML services, AI / ML service requirements and AI / ML service providers. For example, the AI / ML Enablement server 120 may discover AI / ML task providers fulfilling the AI / ML task, AI / ML task requirements, AI / ML task preference, and so on.
[0068] In some embodiments, the AI / ML service solicitation request includes, for example, but not limited to, an AI / ML type of the AI / ML service, an AI / ML service duration defining a requestor availability for the AI / ML service, an AI / ML task container for the AI / ML service, and / or the like. It is to be understood that the above examples are just discussed for purpose of illustration, rather than suggesting any limitations. In other embodiments of the present application, the service solicitation request may include other suitable information.
[0069] In the AI / ML service solicitation request, the AI / ML type may, for example, include Horizontal Federated Learning, Vertical Federated Learning, Transfer Learning, Split Learning, and / or the like.
[0070] The AI / ML task container may, for example, include a reason for an AI / ML task, a type of AI / ML task, an AI / ML task desired KPIs like latency, an AI / ML task preference, or an AI / ML task requirement. It is to be understood that the above examples are just discussed for purpose of illustration, rather than suggesting any limitations. In some embodiments, the reason for AI / ML tasks may include one or more of the following reasons, such as a low power, minimizing energy consumption, or a high compute utilization. In some embodiments, the type of AI / ML task may include, for example, model transfer, model training, model inference, model offload, model split, or the like, either separately or in combination.
[0071] In some embodiments, the AI / ML task preference may indicate a performance criteria request to perform a task. The AI / ML task preference may include various information, such as, green task performance indicating task performance based on a green approach (es) , e.g., using a renewable energy-powered AI / ML model training, energy-efficient task performance indicating less energy consumption, energy-saving based task performance, low computational costs-based task performance, or the like, either separately or in combination.
[0072] In some embodiments, the AI / ML task requirement may include a task compute capability, and / or a network capability, and / or other related capability.
[0073] The AI / ML enablement server 120 transmits (215) an AI / ML service solicitation response to the AI / ML service solicitation request to the AI / ML enablement requestor 110.
[0074] In some embodiments, the AI / ML service solicitation response may include, for instance, a list of AIML enablement clients like UEs, a list of AI / ML types, Vertical Application Layer (VAL) service identifications (IDs) , a VAL server ID, associated AI / ML service requirements for each AI / ML type, incentive availability, a list of AI / ML task providers, supported tasks, an available service duration indicating a provider availability for the AI / ML service, an AI / ML task expected KPI, like latency, and / or the like. It is to be understood that the above examples are just discussed for purpose of illustration, rather than suggesting any limitations.
[0075] In some embodiments, the list of AI / ML task providers may include, for example, a list of identifications of the AI / ML task providers, a list of Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) of the AI / ML task providers, a list of IP addresses of the AI / ML task providers, and / or the like.
[0076] As shown in the signaling flow 200, the AI / ML enablement requestor 110 receives (220) the AI / ML service solicitation response, and may have the above related knowledge.
[0077] FIG. 3 shows a diagram of another example communication environment 300 in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the communication environment 300, a third device 310, which is also referred to as an AI / ML service provider 310, can communicate with a fourth device 320, which is also referred to as an AI / ML enablement server 320.
[0078] As discussed above, the AI / ML service provider 310 may be implemented as an AI / ML Enablement consumer, an AI / ML Enablement server, an AI / ML Enablement client, a Vertical Application Layer (VAL) client, an AI / ML client, an application server, a VAL server, and / or the like. In some embodiments, the AI / ML service provider may be implemented as a terminal device, a network device, or other suitable device (s) or apparatus (s) .
[0079] The AI / ML enablement server 320 may be implemented, for example, as a network device, a server, or other suitable device (s) or apparatus (s) .
[0080] It is to be understood that the deployment of devices and the numbers of devices are shown in FIG. 3 only for the purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitations. The communication environment 100 may comprise more terminal devices, network nodes. Moreover, the communication environment 300 may comprise any other devices.
[0081] Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0082] It is to be understood that the operations at the AI / ML service provider 310 and the AI / ML enablement server 320 should be coordinated. In other words, the AI / ML enablement server 320 and the AI / ML service provider 310 should have common understanding about configurations, parameters and so on. Such common understanding may be implemented by any suitable interactions between the AI / ML enablement server 320 and the AI / ML service provider 310 or both the AI / ML enablement server 320 and the AI / ML service provider 310 applying the same rule / policy.
[0083] In the following, although some operations are described from a perspective of the AI / ML service provider 310, it is to be understood that the corresponding operations should be performed by the AI / ML enablement server 320. Similarly, although some operations are described from a perspective of the AI / ML enablement server 320, it is to be understood that the corresponding operations should be performed by the AI / ML service provider 310. Merely for brevity, some of the same or similar contents are omitted here.
[0084] FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a signaling flow 400 of a process of AI / ML service advertisement in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 400 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 3. The signaling flow 400 involves an AI / ML service provider and an AI / ML enablement server. For the purpose of illustration, some example embodiments may be described with the AI / ML service provider 310 and the AI / ML enablement server 320. It is to be understood that this is just for purpose of example, rather than suggesting any limitations.
[0085] In the signaling flow 400, the AI / ML enablement server 320 transmits (405) , to the AI / ML service provider 310, an AI / ML service advertisement subscribe request for an AI / ML service required by an AI / ML enablement requestor.
[0086] In some embodiments, the AI / ML service advertisement subscribe request includes, for example, but not limited to, information about the AI / ML service, the information about the AI / ML service comprising at least one of: an AI / ML type, AI / ML type requirements, an AI / ML service duration, an AI / ML service incentive information at least indicating an available reward for the AI / ML service, a type of AI / ML task, an AI / ML task Key Performance Indicator (KPI) , such as a latency, AI / ML task requirements, AI / ML task performance criteria, and / or the like. It is to be understood that the above examples are just discussed for purpose of illustration, rather than suggesting any limitations. In other embodiments of the present application, the AI / ML service advertisement subscribe request may include other suitable information.
[0087] In the AI / ML service advertisement subscribe request, the AI / ML type may, for example, include Horizontal Federated Learning, Vertical Federated Learning, Transfer Learning, Split Learning, and / or like.
[0088] The AI / ML type requirements may include a network capability and / or a computing capability for the AI / ML type, and / or other related capability. The network capability may be, for example, bandwidth, jitter, latency, and so on.
[0089] The AI / ML task performance criteria may include, for instance, green task performance, energy-efficient task performance, or low computational cost performance.
[0090] The AI / ML task requirements may include, for instance, a task related computing capability, and / or a network capability, and / or other related capability.
[0091] The type of AI / ML task may include at least one of: model transfer, model training, model inference, model offload, or model split.
[0092] In some embodiments, the AI / ML service advertisement subscribe request may include, for example, an indication indicating an AI / ML service advertisement notification is to be provided immediately, or an indication indicating the AI / ML service advertisement notification is to be provided periodically, or an indication indicating the AI / ML service advertisement notification to be triggered by a configured or predefined event. In some embodiments, the configured or predefined event may be a change in battery level, a change in mode of power, a change in network parameters, a change in compute utilization, and / or the like.
[0093] The AI / ML service provider 310 receives (410) the AI / ML service advertisement subscribe request from the AI / ML enablement server. Then, the AI / ML service provider 310 acknowledges the AI / ML service advertisement subscribe request and provides the subscription response indicating the result of the acknowledgement. As shown in the signaling flow 400, the AI / ML service provider 310 transmits (415) , to the AI / ML enablement server 320, an AI / ML service subscribe response indicating a result of an acknowledgement of the AI / ML service advertisement subscribe request. The result of an acknowledgement of the AI / ML service advertisement subscribe request may indicate whether the AI / ML service provider will provide the AI / ML service.
[0094] The AI / ML enablement server 320 receives (420) the AI / ML service subscribe response from the AI / ML service provider 310. Thus, the AI / ML enablement server 320 is aware whether the AI / ML service provider 310 will provide the AI / ML service. For example, if the AI / ML service subscribe response includes an acknowledgement (ACK) , the AI / ML enablement server 320 may know that the AI / ML service provider 310 will provide the AI / ML service. On the other hand, if the AI / ML service subscribe response includes a negative acknowledgement (NACK) , the AI / ML enablement server 320 may know that the AI / ML service provider 310 will not provide the AI / ML service.
[0095] Additionally, in some embodiments, the AI / ML service provider 310 transmits (425) an AI / ML service advertisement notification to the AI / ML enablement server 320. The AI / ML enablement server 320 receives (430) the AI / ML service advertisement notification from the AI / ML service provider 310. The AI / ML service advertisement notification may indicate information about a capability of the AI / ML service provider to provide the AI / ML service.
[0096] In some embodiments, the AI / ML service advertisement notification may include, for example, an AI / ML service provider identifier, a supported AI / ML type, an indication to participate in the supported AI / ML type, a supported AI / ML task, a supported compute capability, a supported network capability, a service availability indicating a time duration for the AI / ML service, and / or the like.
[0097] In some embodiments, the AI / ML service advertisement notification is received immediately after the transmission of the AI / ML service advertisement subscribe request. Alternatively, the AI / ML service advertisement notification may be received periodically. As a further alternative, the AI / ML service advertisement notification may be received in response to a configured or predefined event. In some implementations, the configured or predefined event may include at least one of: a change in battery level, a change in mode of power, a change in network parameters, or a change in compute utilization.
[0098] It is to be understood that the above two procedures 200 and 400 are just illustrated for purpose of discussion. In some further embodiments of the present disclosure, the AI / ML enablement server may be bypassed and an AI / ML service provider and an AI / ML enablement requestor (also referred to as “AI / ML Service requestor” in some cases) may communicate directly. That is, the two procedures 200 and 400 may be performed between a first apparatus and a second apparatus. In some embodiments, the first apparatus may be an AI / ML service requestor / provider #1, and the second apparatus may be an AI / ML service requestor / provider #2.
[0099] Specifically, one or more than one AI / ML service requestor / provider #1 may transmit a solicitation request to one or more than one AI / ML Service requestor / provider#2 with the same information elements (as the AI / ML service solicitation request discussed with reference to FIG. 2) . And the one or more than one AI / ML service requestor / provider #1 may receive the solicitation response (similar to the AI / ML service solicitation response discussed with reference to FIG. 2) . This solution does not depend on the AI / ML enablement server.
[0100] On the other hand, the one or more than one AI / ML Service requestor / provider#2 receives, from the one or more than one AI / ML service requestor / provider #1, an AI / ML service solicitation request for an AI / ML service. The one or more than one AI / ML Service requestor / provider#2 transmits, to the one or more than one AI / ML service requestor / provider #1, an AI / ML service solicitation response to the AI / ML service solicitation request.
[0101] In the above embodiments, the AI / ML service solicitation request and the AI / ML service solicitation response are similar to those discussed with reference to FIG. 2.
[0102] In addition, in some example embodiments, the one or more than one AI / ML Service requestor / provider #1 may send an AI / ML service advertisement subscribe request to one or more than one AI / ML Service requestor / provider #2 and receive the subscription response and notification response from the one or more than one AI / ML Service requestor / provider #2.
[0103] Specifically, the one or more than one AI / ML Service requestor / provider #1 may transmit, to the one or more than one AI / ML Service requestor / provider #2, an AI / ML service advertisement subscribe request for an AI / ML service. The one or more than one AI / ML Service requestor / provider #1 receives, from the one or more than one AI / ML Service requestor / provider #2, an AI / ML service subscribe response indicating a result of an acknowledgement of the AI / ML service advertisement subscribe request. Furthermore, the one or more than one AI / ML Service requestor / provider #1 may receive, from the one or more than one AI / ML Service requestor / provider #2, an AI / ML service advertisement notification indicating information about a capability of the AI / ML service provider to provide the AI / ML service.
[0104] On the other hand, the one or more than one AI / ML Service requestor / provider #2 receives, from the one or more than one AI / ML Service requestor / provider #1, an AI / ML service advertisement subscribe request for an AI / ML service required by an AI / ML enablement requestor. The one or more than one AI / ML Service requestor / provider #2 transmits, to the one or more than one AI / ML Service requestor / provider #1, an AI / ML service subscribe response indicating a result of an acknowledgement of the AI / ML service advertisement subscribe request. The one or more than one AI / ML Service requestor / provider #2 may further transmit, to the one or more than one AI / ML Service requestor / provider #1, an AI / ML service advertisement notification indicating information about a capability of the AI / ML service provider to provide the AI / ML service.
[0105] In the above embodiments, the AI / ML service advertisement subscribe request, the AI / ML service subscribe response, and the AI / ML service advertisement notification are similar to those discussed with reference to FIG. 4.
[0106] FIG. 5A shows a schematic diagram of a flowchart of an example method 500A performed at the AI / ML enablement requestor in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0107] At block 511, the AI / ML enablement requestor transmits, to an AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service.
[0108] At block 512, the AI / ML enablement requestor receives, from the AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service response to the AI / ML service request.
[0109] In some embodiments, the AI / ML service request comprises at least one of: an AI / ML type of the AI / ML service, an AI / ML service duration defining a requestor availability for the AI / ML service, or AI / ML task information for the AI / ML service, either separately or in combination.
[0110] In some embodiments, the AI / ML type comprises at least one of: Horizontal Federated Learning, Vertical Federated Learning, Transfer Learning, or Split Learning.
[0111] In some embodiments, the AI / ML task information comprises at least one of: a reason for an AI / ML task, a type of AI / ML task, an AI / ML task desired KPIs like latency, an AI / ML task preference, or an AI / ML task requirement, either separately or in combination.
[0112] In some embodiments, the reason for AI / ML tasks comprises at least one of: a low power, minimizing energy consumption, or a high compute utilization.
[0113] In some embodiments, the type of AI / ML task comprises at least one of: model transfer, model training, model inference, model offload, or model split.
[0114] In some embodiments, the AI / ML task preference indicates a performance criteria request to perform a task, and the AI / ML task preference comprises at least one of: green task performance indicating task performance based on a green approach, energy-efficient task performance indicating less energy consumption, energy-saving based task performance, or low computational costs-based task performance.
[0115] In some embodiments, the AI / ML task requirement comprises at least one of: a task compute capability, or a network capability.
[0116] In some embodiments, the AI / ML service response comprises at least one of: a list of AIML enablement clients like UEs, a list of AI / ML types, Vertical Application Layer (VAL) service identifications (IDs) , a VAL server ID, associated AI / ML service requirements for each AI / ML type, incentive availability, a list of AI / ML task providers, supported tasks, an available service duration indicating a provider availability for the AI / ML service, or an AI / ML task expected KPI like latency, either separately or in combination.
[0117] In some embodiments, the list of AI / ML task providers comprises at least one of: a list of identifications of the AI / ML task providers, a list of Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) of the AI / ML task providers, or a list of IP addresses of the AI / ML task providers.
[0118] In some embodiments, the AI / ML enablement requestor comprises at least one of an AI / ML Enablement consumer, an AI / ML Enablement server, an AI / ML client, User Equipment (UE) , a Vertical Application Layer (VAL) client, a VAL server, or an application server.
[0119] FIG. 5B shows a schematic diagram of a flowchart of an example method 500B performed at the AI / ML enablement server in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0120] At block 521, the AI / ML enablement server receives, from an AI / ML enablement requestor, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service.
[0121] At block 522, the AI / ML enablement server transmits, to the AI / ML enablement requestor, an AI / ML service response to the AI / ML service request.
[0122] In some embodiments, the AI / ML service request comprises at least one of: an AI / ML type of the AI / ML service, an AI / ML service duration defining a requestor availability for the AI / ML service, or AI / ML task information for the AI / ML service, either separately or in combination.
[0123] In some embodiments, the AI / ML type comprises at least one of: Horizontal Federated Learning, Vertical Federated Learning, Transfer Learning, or Split Learning.
[0124] In some embodiments, the AI / ML task information comprises at least one of: a reason for an AI / ML task, a type of AI / ML task, an AI / ML task desired KPIs like latency, an AI / ML task preference, or an AI / ML task requirement.
[0125] In some embodiments, the reason for AI / ML tasks comprises at least one of: a low power, minimizing energy consumption, or a high compute utilization.
[0126] In some embodiments, the type of AI / ML task comprises at least one of: model transfer, model training, model inference, model offload, or model split.
[0127] In some embodiments, the AI / ML task preference indicates a performance criteria request to perform a task, and the AI / ML task preference comprises at least one of: green task performance indicating task performance based on a green approach, energy-efficient task performance indicating less energy consumption, energy-saving based task performance, or low computational costs-based task performance.
[0128] In some embodiments, the AI / ML task requirement comprises at least one of: a task compute capability, or a network capability.
[0129] In some embodiments, the AI / ML service response comprises at least one of: a list of AIML enablement clients like UEs, a list of AI / ML types, Vertical Application Layer (VAL) service identifications (IDs) , a VAL server ID, associated AI / ML service requirements for each AI / ML type, incentive availability, a list of AI / ML task providers, supported tasks, an available service duration indicating a provider availability for the AI / ML service, or an AI / ML task expected KPI like latency, either separately or in combination.
[0130] In some embodiments, the list of AI / ML task providers comprises at least one of: a list of identifications of the AI / ML task providers, a list of Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) of the AI / ML task providers, or a list of IP addresses of the AI / ML task providers.
[0131] In some embodiments, the AI / ML service provider comprises at least one of an AI / ML Enablement consumer, an AI / ML Enablement server, an AI / ML client, User Equipment (UE) , a Vertical Application Layer (VAL) client, a VAL server, or an application server.
[0132] FIG. 5C shows a schematic diagram of a flowchart of an example method 500C performed at the AI / ML enablement server in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0133] At block 531, the AI / ML enablement server transmits, to an AI / ML service provider, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service.
[0134] At block 532, the AI / ML enablement server receives, from the AI / ML service provider, an AI / ML service subscribe response indicating a result of participation of the AI / ML service provider to the AI / ML service according to the AI / ML service request.
[0135] In some embodiments, the AI / ML service request comprises information about the AI / ML service, the information about the AI / ML service comprising at least one of: an AI / ML type, AI / ML type requirements, an AI / ML service duration, an AI / ML service incentive information at least indicating an available reward for the AI / ML service, a type of AI / ML task, an AI / ML task Key Performance Indicator (KPI) , AI / ML task requirements, or AI / ML task performance criteria, either separately or in combination.
[0136] In some embodiments, the AI / ML type comprises at least one of: Horizontal Federated Learning, Vertical Federated Learning, Transfer Learning, or Split Learning.
[0137] In some embodiments, the AI / ML type requirements comprise at least one of a network capability or a computing capability for the AI / ML type.
[0138] In some embodiments, the AI / ML task performance criteria comprise at least one of green task performance, energy-efficient task performance, or low computational cost performance.
[0139] In some embodiments, the AI / ML task requirements comprise at least one of a task related computing capability or a network capability.
[0140] In some embodiments, the type of AI / ML task comprises at least one of: model transfer, model training, model inference, model offload, or model split.
[0141] In some embodiments, the AI / ML service request comprises: an indication indicating an AI / ML service advertisement notification is to be provided immediately, or an indication indicating the AI / ML service advertisement notification is to be provided periodically, or an indication indicating the AI / ML service advertisement notification to be triggered by a configured or predefined event.
[0142] In some embodiments, the result of participation of the AI / ML service provider to the AI / ML service according to the AI / ML service request indicates whether the AI / ML service provider will provide the AI / ML service.
[0143] In some embodiments, the method 500C further comprises, at block 533, receiving, from the AI / ML service provider, an AI / ML service advertisement notification indicating information about a capability of the AI / ML service provider to provide the AI / ML service.
[0144] In some embodiments, the AI / ML service advertisement notification comprises at least one of: an AI / ML Service provider identifier, a supported AI / ML type, an indication to participate in the supported AI / ML type, a supported AI / ML task, a supported compute capability, a supported network capability, a service availability indicating a time duration for the AI / ML service.
[0145] In some embodiments, the AI / ML service advertisement notification is received immediately after the transmission of the AI / ML service advertisement subscribe request, or the AI / ML service advertisement notification is received periodically, or the AI / ML service advertisement notification is received in response to a configured or predefined event.
[0146] In some embodiments, the configured or predefined event comprises at least one of: a change in battery level, a change in mode of power, a change in network parameters, or a change in compute utilization.
[0147] In some embodiments, the AI / ML service provider comprises at least one of an AI / ML Enablement consumer, an AI / ML Enablement server, an AI / ML Enablement client, User Equipment (UE) , a Vertical Application Layer (VAL) client, an AI / ML client, an application server, or a VAL server.
[0148] FIG. 5D shows a schematic diagram of a flowchart of an example method 500D performed at the AI / ML service provider in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0149] At block 541, the AI / ML service provider receives, from an AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service.
[0150] At block 542, the AI / ML service provider transmits, to the AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service response indicating a result of participation of the AI / ML service provider to the AI / ML service according to the AI / ML service request.
[0151] In some embodiments, the AI / ML service request comprises information about the AI / ML service, the information about the AI / ML service comprising at least one of: an AI / ML type, AI / ML type requirements, an AI / ML service duration, an AI / ML service incentive information at least indicating an available reward for the AI / ML service, a type of AI / ML task, an AI / ML task Key Performance Indicator (KPI) , AI / ML task requirements, or AI / ML task performance criteria, either separately or in combination.
[0152] In some embodiments, the AI / ML type comprises at least one of: Horizontal Federated Learning, Vertical Federated Learning, Transfer Learning, or Split Learning.
[0153] In some embodiments, the AI / ML type requirements comprise at least one of a network capability or a computing capability for the AI / ML type.
[0154] In some embodiments, the AI / ML task performance criteria comprise at least one of green task performance, energy-efficient task performance, or low computational cost performance.
[0155] In some embodiments, the AI / ML task requirements comprise at least one of a task related computing capability or a network capability.
[0156] In some embodiments, the type of AI / ML task comprises at least one of: model transfer, model training, model inference, model offload, or model split.
[0157] In some embodiments, the AI / ML service request comprises: an indication indicating an AI / ML service advertisement notification is to be provided immediately, or an indication indicating the AI / ML service advertisement notification is to be provided periodically, or an indication indicating the AI / ML service advertisement notification is to be triggered by a configured or predefined event, either separately or in combination.
[0158] In some embodiments, the result of participation of the AI / ML service provider to the AI / ML service according to the AI / ML service request indicates whether the AI / ML service provider will provide the AI / ML service.
[0159] In some embodiments, the method 500D further comprises, at block 543, transmitting, to the AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service advertisement notification indicating information about a capability of the AI / ML service provider to provide the AI / ML service.
[0160] In some embodiments, the AI / ML service advertisement notification comprises at least one of: an AI / ML Service provider identifier, a supported AI / ML type, an indication to participate in the supported AI / ML type, a supported AI / ML task, a supported compute capability, a supported network capability, a service availability indicating a time duration for the AI / ML service.
[0161] In some embodiments, the AI / ML service advertisement notification is received immediately after the transmission of the AI / ML service advertisement subscribe request, or the AI / ML service advertisement notification is received periodically, or the AI / ML service advertisement notification is received in response to a configured or predefined event.
[0162] In some embodiments, the configured or predefined event comprises at least one of: a change in battery level, a change in mode of power, a change in network parameters, or a change in compute utilization.
[0163] In some embodiments, the AI / ML service provider comprises at least one of an AI / ML Enablement consumer, an AI / ML Enablement server, an AI / ML Enablement client, User Equipment (UE) , a Vertical Application Layer (VAL) client, an AI / ML client, an application server, or a VAL server.Example Device and Medium
[0164] FIG. 6 shows a communication device 600 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0165] As shown in FIG. 6, the communication device 600 may comprise a processor 605 and a memory 610. The memory 610 may contain instructions 615 executable by the processor 605, whereby the communication device 600 may be operative to implement actions or operations according to any of the above-mentioned embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 and 5A-5D.
[0166] In some embodiments, the communication device 600 may operate as an AI / ML enablement requestor. In these embodiments, the communication device 600 may be operative to: transmit, to an AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service; and receive, from the AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service response to the AI / ML service request.
[0167] In some embodiments, the communication device 600 may operate as an AI / ML enablement server. In these embodiments, the communication device 600 may be operative to: receive, from an AI / ML enablement requestor, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service; and transmit, to the AI / ML enablement requestor, an AI / ML service response to the AI / ML service request.
[0168] In some embodiments, the communication device 600 may operate as an AI / ML enablement server. In these embodiments, the communication device 600 may be operative to: transmit, to an AI / ML service provider, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service; and receive, from the AI / ML service provider, an AI / ML service response indicating a result of participation of the AI / ML service provider to the AI / ML service according to the AI / ML service request.
[0169] In some embodiments, the communication device 600 may operate as an AI / ML service provider. In these embodiments, the communication device 600 may be operative to: receive, from an AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service; and transmit, to the AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service response indicating a result of participation of the AI / ML service provider to the AI / ML service according to the AI / ML service request.
[0170] The processor 605 may be any kind of processing component, such as one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs) , special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The memory 610 may be any kind of storage component, such as read-only memory (ROM) , random-access memory, cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc.
[0171] FIG. 7 shows a computer readable storage medium 700 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0172] As shown in FIG. 7, the computer readable storage medium 700 comprising instructions 615 which when executed by a processor of a device, cause the device to perform any above-mentioned embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 and 5A-5D.
[0173] The computer readable storage medium 700 may be configured to include memory such as RAM, ROM, programmable read-only memory (PROM) , erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , magnetic disks, optical disks, floppy disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, or flash drives.
[0174] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing the method 500A, 500B, 500C or 500D may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 500A, 500B, 500C or 500D. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.Example System
[0175] FIG. 8 shows an example of a communication system 800 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0176] In the example, the communication system 800 includes a telecommunication network 802 that includes an access network 804, such as a radio access network (RAN) , and a core network 806, which includes one or more core network nodes 808. The access network 804 includes one or more access network nodes, such as network nodes 810a and 810b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes 810) , or any other similar 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access nodes or non-3GPP access points. Moreover, as will be appreciated by those of skill in the art, a network node is not necessarily limited to an implementation in which a radio portion and a baseband portion are supplied and integrated by a single vendor. Thus, it will be understood that network nodes include disaggregated implementations or portions thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the telecommunication network 802 includes one or more Open-RAN (ORAN) network nodes. An ORAN network node is a node in the telecommunication network 802 that supports an ORAN specification (e.g., a specification published by the O-RAN Alliance, or any similar organization) and may operate alone or together with other nodes to implement one or more functionalities of any node in the telecommunication network 802, including one or more network nodes 810 and / or core network nodes 808.
[0177] Examples of an ORAN network node include an open radio unit (O-RU) , an open distributed unit (O-DU) , an open central unit (O-CU) , including an O-CU control plane (O-CU-CP) or an O-CU user plane (O-CU-UP) , a RAN intelligent controller (near-real time or non-real time) hosting software or software plug-ins, such as a near-real time control application (e.g., xApp) or a non-real time control application (e.g., rApp) , or any combination thereof (the adjective “open” designating support of an ORAN specification) . The network node may support a specification by, for example, supporting an interface defined by the ORAN specification, such as an A1, F1, W1, E1, E2, X2, Xn interface, an open fronthaul user plane interface, or an open fronthaul management plane interface. Moreover, an ORAN access node may be a logical node in a physical node. Furthermore, an ORAN network node may be implemented in a virtualization environment (described further below) in which one or more network functions are virtualized. For example, the virtualization environment may include an O-Cloud computing platform orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface defined by the O-RAN Alliance or comparable technologies. The network nodes 810 facilitate direct or indirect connection of user equipment (UE) , such as by connecting UEs 812a, 812b, 812c, and 812d (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs 812) to the core network 806 over one or more wireless connections.
[0178] Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors. Moreover, in different embodiments, the communication system 800 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and / or signals whether via wired or wireless connections. The communication system 800 may include and / or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and / or other similar type of system.
[0179] The UEs 812 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes 810 and other communication devices. Similarly, the network nodes 810 are arranged, capable, configured, and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with the UEs 812 and / or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunication network 802 to enable and / or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and / or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunication network 802.
[0180] In the depicted example, the core network 806 connects the network nodes 810 to one or more hosts, such as host 816. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediary networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts. The core network 806 includes one more core network nodes (e.g., core network node 808) that are structured with hardware and software components. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, network nodes, and / or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node 808. Example core network nodes include functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) , Mobility Management Entity (MME) , Home Subscriber Server (HSS) , Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , Session Management Function (SMF) , Authentication Server Function (AUSF) , Subscription Identifier De-concealing function (SIDF) , Unified Data Management (UDM) , Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP) , Network Exposure Function (NEF) , and / or a User Plane Function (UPF) .
[0181] The host 816 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network 804 and / or the telecommunication network 802, and may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. The host 816 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more service. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio / video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.
[0182] As a whole, the communication system 800 of FIG. 8 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts. In that sense, the communication system may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) ; Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) ; Long Term Evolution (LTE) , and / or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G) ; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (WiFi) ; and / or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) , Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, LiFi, and / or any low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox.
[0183] In some examples, the telecommunication network 802 is a cellular network that implements 3GPP standardized features. Accordingly, the telecommunications network 802 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunication network 802. For example, the telecommunications network 802 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and / or Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) / Massive IoT services to yet further UEs.
[0184] In some examples, the UEs 812 are configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network 804 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network 804. Additionally, a UE may be configured for operating in single-or multi-RAT or multi-standard mode. For example, a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e. being configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC) , such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio –Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) .
[0185] In the example, the hub 814 communicates with the access network 804 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE 812c and / or 812d) and network nodes (e.g., network node 810b) . In some examples, the hub 814 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs. For example, the hub 814 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network 806 for the UEs. As another example, the hub 814 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs. Commands or instructions may be received from the UEs, network nodes 810, or by executable code, script, process, or other instructions in the hub 814. As another example, the hub 814 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data. As another example, the hub 814 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a VR headset, display, loudspeaker or other media delivery device, the hub 814 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub 814 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and / or after adding additional local content. In still another example, the hub 814 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular if one or more of the UEs are low energy IoT devices.
[0186] The hub 814 may have a constant / persistent or intermittent connection to the network node 810b. The hub 814 may also allow for a different communication scheme and / or schedule between the hub 814 and UEs (e.g., UE 812c and / or 812d) , and between the hub 814 and the core network 806. In other examples, the hub 814 is connected to the core network 806 and / or one or more UEs via a wired connection. Moreover, the hub 814 may be configured to connect to an M2M service provider over the access network 804 and / or to another UE over a direct connection. In some scenarios, UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes 810 while still connected via the hub 814 via a wired or wireless connection. In some embodiments, the hub 814 may be a dedicated hub –that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to / from the UEs from / to the network node 810b. In other embodiments, the hub 814 may be a non-dedicated hub –that is, a device which is capable of operating to route communications between the UEs and network node 810b, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and / or end point for certain data channels.
[0187] FIG. 9 shows a UE 900 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, a UE refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and / or other UEs. Examples of a UE include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA) , wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage device, playback appliance, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , smart device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE) , vehicle, vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded / integrated wireless device, etc. Other examples include any UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , including a narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and / or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.
[0188] A UE may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) , vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) , vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) , or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) . In other examples, a UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the relevant device. Instead, a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller) . Alternatively, a UE may represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter) .
[0189] The UE 900 includes processing circuitry 902 that is operatively coupled via a bus 904 to an input / output interface 906, a power source 908, a memory 910, a communication interface 912, and / or any other component, or any combination thereof. Certain UEs may utilize all or a subset of the components shown in FIG. 9. The level of integration between the components may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.
[0190] The processing circuitry 902 is configured to process instructions and data and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory 910. The processing circuitry 902 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , etc. ) ; programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) , together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuitry 902 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs) .
[0191] In the example, the input / output interface 906 may be configured to provide an interface or interfaces to an input device, output device, or one or more input and / or output devices. Examples of an output device include a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. An input device may allow a user to capture information into the UE 900. Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc. ) , a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof. An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be used to provide an input device and an output device.
[0192] In some embodiments, the power source 908 is structured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet) , photovoltaic device, or power cell, may be used. The power source 908 may further include power circuitry for delivering power from the power source 908 itself, and / or an external power source, to the various parts of the UE 900 via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Delivering power may be, for example, for charging of the power source 908. Power circuitry may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to the power from the power source 908 to make the power suitable for the respective components of the UE 900 to which power is supplied.
[0193] The memory 910 may be or be configured to include memory such as random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , programmable read-only memory (PROM) , erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, flash drives, and so forth. In one example, the memory 910 includes one or more application programs 914, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and corresponding data 916. The memory 910 may store, for use by the UE 900, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
[0194] The memory 910 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID) , flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM) , synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) , external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as tamper resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) , such as a USIM and / or ISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof. The UICC may for example be an embedded UICC (eUICC) , integrated UICC (iUICC) or a removable UICC commonly known as ‘SIM card. ’ The memory 910 may allow the UE 900 to access instructions, application programs and the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied as or in the memory 910, which may be or comprise a device-readable storage medium.
[0195] The processing circuitry 902 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network using the communication interface 912. The communication interface 912 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna 922. The communication interface 912 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another UE or a network node in an access network) . Each transceiver may include a transmitter 918 and / or a receiver 920 appropriate to provide network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth) . Moreover, the transmitter 918 and receiver 920 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna 922) and may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately.
[0196] In the illustrated embodiment, communication functions of the communication interface 912 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. Communications may be implemented in according to one or more communication protocols and / or standards, such as IEEE 802.11, Code Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR) , UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, transmission control protocol / internet protocol (TCP / IP) , synchronous optical networking (SONET) , Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) , QUIC, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) , and so forth.
[0197] Regardless of the type of sensor, a UE may provide an output of data captured by its sensors, through its communication interface 912, via a wireless connection to a network node. Data captured by sensors of a UE can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another UE. The output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature) , random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors) , in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent) , in response to a request (e.g., a user initiated request) , or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient) .
[0198] As another example, a UE comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection. In response to the received wireless input the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change. For example, the UE may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input.
[0199] A UE, when in the form of an Internet of Things (IoT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, city wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare. Non-limiting examples of such an IoT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door / window sensor, a flood / moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a head-mounted display for Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR) , a wearable for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal-or item-tracking device, a sensor for monitoring a plant or animal, an industrial robot, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) , and any kind of medical device, like a heart rate monitor or a remote controlled surgical robot. A UE in the form of an IoT device comprises circuitry and / or software in dependence of the intended application of the IoT device in addition to other components as described in relation to the UE 900 shown in FIG. 9.
[0200] As yet another specific example, in an IoT scenario, a UE may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another UE and / or a network node. The UE may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, the UE may implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard. In other scenarios, a UE may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship and an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and / or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
[0201] In practice, any number of UEs may be used together with respect to a single use case. For example, a first UE might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone’s speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second UE that is a remote controller operating the drone. When the user makes changes from the remote controller, the first UE may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g. by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone’s speed. The first and / or the second UE can also include more than one of the functionalities described above. For example, a UE might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.
[0202] FIG. 10 shows a network node 1000 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and / or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunication network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points) , base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs) ) , O-RAN nodes or components of an O-RAN node (e.g., O-RU, O-DU, O-CU) .
[0203] Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. A base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units, distributed units (e.g., in an O-RAN access node) and / or remote radio units (RRUs) , sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) . Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS) .
[0204] Other examples of network nodes include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs) , base transceiver stations (BTSs) , transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell / multicast coordination entities (MCEs) , Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs) ) , and / or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs) .
[0205] The network node 1000 includes a processing circuitry 1002, a memory 1004, a communication interface 1006, and a power source 1008. The network node 1000 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc. ) , which may each have their own respective components. In certain scenarios in which the network node 1000 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components) , one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, the network node 1000 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs) . In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memory 1004 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna 1010 may be shared by different RATs) . The network node 1000 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node 1000, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node 1000.
[0206] The processing circuitry 1002 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and / or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node 1000 components, such as the memory 1004, to provide network node 1000 functionality.
[0207] In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1002 includes a system on a chip (SOC) . In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1002 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1012 and baseband processing circuitry 1014. In some embodiments, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1012 and the baseband processing circuitry 1014 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips) , boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 1012 and baseband processing circuitry 1014 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.
[0208] The memory 1004 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , mass storage media (for example, a hard disk) , removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD) ) , and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and / or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and / or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry 1002. The memory 1004 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and / or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry 1002 and utilized by the network node 1000. The memory 1004 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry 1002 and / or any data received via the communication interface 1006. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1002 and memory 1004 is integrated.
[0209] The communication interface 1006 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and / or data between a network node, access network, and / or UE. As illustrated, the communication interface 1006 comprises port (s) / terminal (s) 1016 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection. The communication interface 1006 also includes radio front-end circuitry 1018 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, the antenna 1010. Radio front-end circuitry 1018 comprises filters 1020 and amplifiers 1022. The radio front-end circuitry 1018 may be connected to an antenna 1010 and processing circuitry 1002. The radio front-end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 1010 and processing circuitry 1002. The radio front-end circuitry 1018 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection. The radio front-end circuitry 1018 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 1020 and / or amplifiers 1022. The radio signal may then be transmitted via the antenna 1010. Similarly, when receiving data, the antenna 1010 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry 1018. The digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry 1002. In other embodiments, the communication interface may comprise different components and / or different combinations of components.
[0210] In certain alternative embodiments, the network node 1000 does not include separate radio front-end circuitry 1018, instead, the processing circuitry 1002 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna 1010. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry 1012 is part of the communication interface 1006. In still other embodiments, the communication interface 1006 includes one or more ports or terminals 1016, the radio front-end circuitry 1018, and the RF transceiver circuitry 1012, as part of a radio unit (not shown) , and the communication interface 1006 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry 1014, which is part of a digital unit (not shown) .
[0211] The antenna 1010 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and / or receive wireless signals. The antenna 1010 may be coupled to the radio front-end circuitry 1018 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and / or signals wirelessly. In certain embodiments, the antenna 1010 is separate from the network node 1000 and connectable to the network node 1000 through an interface or port.
[0212] The antenna 1010, communication interface 1006, and / or the processing circuitry 1002 may be configured to perform any receiving operations and / or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna 1010, the communication interface 1006, and / or the processing circuitry 1002 may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment.
[0213] The power source 1008 provides power to the various components of network node 1000 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component) . The power source 1008 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node 1000 with power for performing the functionality described herein. For example, the network node 1000 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source 1008. As a further example, the power source 1008 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.
[0214] Embodiments of the network node 1000 may include additional components beyond those shown in FIG. 10 for providing certain aspects of the network node’s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and / or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, the network node 1000 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node 1000 and to allow output of information from the network node 1000. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node 1000.
[0215] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a host 1100, which may be an embodiment of the host 816 of FIG. 8, in accordance with various aspects described herein. As used herein, the host 1100 may be or comprise various combinations hardware and / or software, including a standalone server, a blade server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server, a virtual machine, container, or processing resources in a server farm. The host 1100 may provide one or more services to one or more UEs.
[0216] The host 1100 includes processing circuitry 1102 that is operatively coupled via a bus 1104 to an input / output interface 1106, a network interface 1108, a power source 1110, and a memory 1112. Other components may be included in other embodiments. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the devices of previous figures, such as Figures 9 and 10, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of host 1100.
[0217] The memory 1112 may include one or more computer programs including one or more host application programs 1114 and data 1116, which may include user data, e.g., data generated by a UE for the host 1100 or data generated by the host 1100 for a UE. Embodiments of the host 1100 may utilize only a subset or all of the components shown. The host application programs 1114 may be implemented in a container-based architecture and may provide support for video codecs (e.g., Versatile Video Coding (VVC) , High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) , Advanced Video Coding (AVC) , MPEG, VP9) and audio codecs (e.g., FLAC, Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) , MPEG, G. 711) , including transcoding for multiple different classes, types, or implementations of UEs (e.g., handsets, desktop computers, wearable display systems, heads-up display systems) . The host application programs 1114 may also provide for user authentication and licensing checks and may periodically report health, routes, and content availability to a central node, such as a device in or on the edge of a core network. Accordingly, the host 1100 may select and / or indicate a different host for over-the-top services for a UE. The host application programs 1114 may support various protocols, such as the HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) protocol, Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) , Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) , Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG-DASH) , etc.
[0218] FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment 1200 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized. In the present context, virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to any device described herein, or components thereof, and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components. Some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines (VMs) implemented in one or more virtual environments 1200 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device that operates as a network node, UE, core network node, or host. Further, in embodiments in which the virtual node does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node or host) , then the node may be entirely virtualized. In some embodiments, the virtualization environment 1200 includes components defined by the O-RAN Alliance, such as an O-Cloud environment orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface.
[0219] Applications 1202 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc. ) are run in the virtualization environment 1200 to implement some of the features, functions, and / or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein.
[0220] Hardware 1204 includes processing circuitry, memory that stores software and / or instructions executable by hardware processing circuitry, and / or other hardware devices as described herein, such as a network interface, input / output interface, and so forth. Software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers 1206 (also referred to as hypervisors or virtual machine monitors (VMMs) ) , provide VMs 1208a and 1208b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as VMs 1208) , and / or perform any of the functions, features and / or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein. The virtualization layer 1206 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to the VMs 1208.
[0221] The VMs 1208 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer 1206. Different embodiments of the instance of a virtual appliance 1202 may be implemented on one or more of VMs 1208, and the implementations may be made in different ways. Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV) . NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.
[0222] In the context of NFV, a VM 1208 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of the VMs 1208, and that part of hardware 1204 that executes that VM, be it hardware dedicated to that VM and / or hardware shared by that VM with others of the VMs, forms separate virtual network elements. Still in the context of NFV, a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more VMs 1208 on top of the hardware 1204 and corresponds to the application 1202.
[0223] Hardware 1204 may be implemented in a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware 1204 may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware 1204 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration 1210, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications 1202. In some embodiments, hardware 1204 is coupled to one or more radio units that each include one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas. Radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station. In some embodiments, some signaling can be provided with the use of a control system 1212 which may alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.
[0224] Although the computing devices described herein (e.g., UEs, network nodes, hosts) may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and / or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and / or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination. Moreover, while components are depicted as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components. For example, a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and / or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface. In another example, non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.
[0225] In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be provided by processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or not, the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and / or by end users and a wireless network generally.
[0226] Hereinafter, the solution will be further described as follows.Embodiments of Proposed Solution I
[0227] Embodiments of the present disclosure propose a solution for the AIML Enablement consumer to solicitate the AIML services.
[0228] AIML enablement consumers (like AIML enablement clients) discovery and selection is critical for any AIML process. It is essential for consumers to discover the AIML service first and its requirements in order to join any AIML service. For example, different services like Fed Learning or transfer learning have different requirements. Fed learning demands constant QoS assurance because model updates are exchanged constantly as compared to transfer learning where the model is transferred only when required or training is complete on the source side. There are various use cases where AIML consumers are required to split the model for training due to reasons like low compute availability, transfer model for other consumers, offload for task inference etc. This requires AIML consumers to discover other AIML consumers providing those services like model split, model offload or transfer etc and can perform the requested AIML task or service. Such discovery of consumers, and services, can be assisted by the AIML enabler layer since the AIML enabler layer has the global view of the system.
[0229] For example, consider a group of robots working on a factory floor, these robots are equipped with network and compute capabilities and connected with 5G network. The robots perform some kind of AIML-related tasks as part of their job. Due to the dynamic nature of the tasks, the robots could have low compute availability on board, low power, or poor network conditions etc. In order to do theAIML processing of the tasks, the robot could perform various things depending on the tasks like model offload, split model, model inference, etc. to some edge node or other robots. To achieve this in real-time under certain AIML task KPIs, there is a need for the robot to discover other nodes who can provide the processing of the AIML tasks. The proposed solution enables the robot to send a solicitation request with the requirements of the tasks, KPIs to the AIML enablement server to discover the AIML services like task providers.
[0230] 1. The AIML Enablement requestor (like AIML enablement client, VAL server) sends the AIML service solicitation request to the AIML Enablement server. The message includes the AIML service requirement request like AIML type, AIML service duration, AIML task container. AIML service duration defines the requestor availability for the AIML service. The AIML type like Horizontal Federated Learning, Vertical Federated Learning, Transfer Learning, Split Learning. The AIML task container includes reason for the AIML task, type of AIML task, AIML task desired KPIs like latency, AIML task preference and AIML task requirements. The type of AIML task includes model transfer, model training, model inference, model offload, model split. The AIML task requirement includes task compute capabilities like CPU, GPU, and network capabilities like bandwidth and latency. The reason for AIML tasks includes low power, minimize energy consumption, high compute utilization. The AIML task preference defines the performance criteria request to perform the task like Green task performance, Energy-efficient task performance, low computational costs task performance. Green task performance defines task performance based on green methods. e.g using a renewable energy powered AIML model training. Energy-efficient task performance indicates less energy consumption, energy-saving based task performance.
[0231] 2. The AIML Enablement server receives the request and discovers the requested AIML services, AIML service requirements and AIML service providers. The AIML Enablement server can discover AIML task providers fulfilling the AIML task, AIML task requirements and AIML task preference. It sends the AIML service solicitation response message to the AIML Enablement requestor. The response message consists of the list of AIML enablement clients like UEs, list of AIML types, VAL service IDs, VAL server ID, associated AIML service requirements for each AIML type, incentive availability, list of AIML task providers like IDs or URI, and supported tasks, available service duration, AIML task expected KPI like latency. The available service duration defines the provider availability for the AIML service.Embodiments of Proposed Solution II
[0232] Embodiments of the present disclosure propose a solution for the AIML Enablement server to advertise AIML services or AIML tasks to assist interested AIML Enablement consumers for the AIML task or services.
[0233] AIML enablement client discovery and selection is critical for any AIML process. There are use cases initiated by consumers like the AIML client performing some model offload and requiring AIML enabler server assistance to discover other consumers who can perform the task on model offload. To join any task, it is essential for other consumers to discover the AIML service first and associated information about the task like task requirements. The AIML enabler layer can facilitate such discovery of tasks for the consumers.
[0234] Pre-conditions: The AIML services and their information is available on the AIML Enablement server.
[0235] 1. The AIML Enablement server sends the AIML service advertisement subscribe request. This request contains AIML service info like AIML type, AIML type requirements, AIML service duration, AIML service incentive info, AIML task type, AIML task KPI like latency, and AIML task requirements. The AIML service incentive info defines the available reward for the AIML service.
[0236] The AIML type include Horizontal Federated Learning, Vertical Federated Learning, Transfer Learning, Split Learning and AIML type requirements define the network (e.g. bandwidth, jitter, latency) and compute capabilities for the AIML type. The AIML task requirements include task related compute capabilities and network capabilities. The type of AIML tasks include model transfer, model training, model inference, model offload, model split. The AIML Enablement server sends the subscription request to one or more than one AIML Enablement consumers registered in the AIML server. The request contains immediate, periodic or event-based reporting conditions for the notification message. The periodic reporting is based on the configured intervals and event-based reporting is based on the configured triggers for the AIML Enablement consumer like changes in battery level, change in mode of power, changes in network parameters, changes in compute utilization etc.
[0237] 2. The AIML Enablement consumer acknowledges the subscription request and provides the subscription response indicating the result of the acknowledgement.
[0238] 3. The AIML enablement consumer sends a AIML service advertisement notification to the AIML Enablement server. The notify message provides the AIML service provider identifier (e.g, URI / ID / IP address) , supported AIML type and indication to participate in the supported AIML type, supported AIML task, supported compute capability, supported network capability, service availability which is defined by time duration for the AIML service.
Claims
1.A method (500A) performed at an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) enablement requestor, comprising:transmitting (205, 511) , to an AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service; andreceiving (220, 512) , from the AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service response to the AI / ML service request;wherein the AI / ML service request comprises at least one of:an AI / ML type of the AI / ML service,an AI / ML service duration defining the requestor availability for the AI / ML service, orAI / ML task information for the AI / ML service; andwherein the AI / ML task information for the AI / ML service comprises a type of AI / ML task, the type of AI / ML task comprising at least one of:model transfer, model training, model inference, model offload, or model split.2.The method (500A) of claim 1, wherein the AI / ML task information further comprises at least one of:a reason for an AI / ML task,an AI / ML task desired KPIs like latency,an AI / ML task preference, oran AI / ML task requirement.3.The method (500A) of claim 2, wherein the AI / ML task preference indicates a performance criteria request to perform a task, and the AI / ML task preference comprises at least one of:green task performance indicating task performance based on a green approach,energy-efficient task performance indicating less energy consumption, energy-saving based task performance, orlow computational costs-based task performance.4.The method (500A) of claim 2, wherein the AI / ML task requirement comprises at least one of: a task compute capability, or a network capability.5.The method (500A) of claim 1, wherein the AI / ML service response comprises at least one of:a list of AIML enablement clients,a list of AI / ML types,Vertical Application Layer (VAL) service identifications (IDs) ,a VAL server ID,associated AI / ML service requirements for each AI / ML type,incentive availability,a list of AI / ML task providers,supported tasks,an available service duration indicating a provider availability for the AI / ML service, oran AI / ML task expected Key Performance Indicator (KPI) .6.The method (500A) of claim 5, wherein the list of AI / ML task providers comprises at least one of:a list of identifications of the AI / ML task providers,a list of Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) of the AI / ML task providers, ora list of IP addresses of the AI / ML task providers.7.The method (500A) of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the AI / ML enablement requestor comprises at least one of an AI / ML Enablement consumer, an AI / ML Enablement client, an AI / ML Enablement server, an AI / ML client, User Equipment (UE) , a Vertical Application Layer (VAL) client, or a VAL server.8.A method (500B) performed at an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) enablement server, comprising:receiving (210, 521) , from an AI / ML enablement requestor, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service; andtransmitting (215, 522) , to the AI / ML enablement requestor, an AI / ML service response to the AI / ML service request;wherein the AI / ML service request comprises at least one of:an AI / ML type of the AI / ML service,an AI / ML service duration defining a requestor availability for the AI / ML service, orAI / ML task information for the AI / ML service; andwherein the AI / ML task information for the AI / ML service comprises a type of AI / ML task, the type of AI / ML task comprising at least one of:model transfer, model training, model inference, model offload, or model split.9.The method (500B) of claim 8, wherein the AI / ML task information further comprises at least one of:a reason for an AI / ML task,an AI / ML task desired KPIs like latency,an AI / ML task preference, oran AI / ML task requirement.10.The method (500B) of claim 9, wherein the AI / ML task preference indicates a performance criteria request to perform a task, and the AI / ML task preference comprises at least one of:green task performance indicating task performance based on a green approach,energy-efficient task performance indicating less energy consumption, energy-saving based task performance, orlow computational costs-based task performance.11.The method (500B) of claim 9, wherein the AI / ML task requirement comprises at least one of: a task compute capability, or a network capability.12.The method (500B) of claim 8, wherein the AI / ML service response comprises at least one of:a list of AIML enablement clients,a list of AI / ML types,Vertical Application Layer (VAL) service identifications (IDs) ,a VAL server ID,associated AI / ML service requirements for each AI / ML type,incentive availability,a list of AI / ML task providers,supported tasks,an available service duration indicating a provider availability for the AI / ML service, oran AI / ML task expected KPI like latency.13.The method (500B) of claim 12, wherein the list of AI / ML task providers comprises at least one of:a list of identifications of the AI / ML task providers,a list of Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) of the AI / ML task providers, ora list of IP addresses of the AI / ML task providers.14.The method (500B) of claim 13, wherein the AI / ML service provider comprises at least one of an AI / ML Enablement consumer, an AI / ML Enablement server, an AI / ML client, User Equipment (UE) , a Vertical Application Layer (VAL) client, or a VAL server.15.A method (500C) performed at an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) enablement server, comprising:transmitting (405, 531) , to an AI / ML service provider, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service; andreceiving (420, 532) , from the AI / ML service provider, an AI / ML service response indicating a result of participation of the AI / ML service provider to the AI / ML service according to the AI / ML service request.16.The method (500C) of claim 15, wherein the AI / ML service request comprises information about the AI / ML service, the information about the AI / ML service comprising at least one of:an AI / ML type,AI / ML type requirements,an AI / ML service duration,an AI / ML service incentive information at least indicating an available reward for the AI / ML service,a type of AI / ML task,an AI / ML task Key Performance Indicator (KPI) ,AI / ML task requirements, orAI / ML task performance criteria.17.The method (500C) of claim 16, wherein the AI / ML type requirements comprise at least one of a network capability or a computing capability for the AI / ML type, and / orwherein the AI / ML task performance criteria comprise at least one of green task performance, energy-efficient task performance, or low computational cost performance.18.The method (500C) of claim 16, wherein the AI / ML task requirements comprise at least one of a task related computing capability or a network capability.19.The method (500C) of claim 16, wherein the type of AI / ML task comprises at least one of:model transfer, model training, model inference, model offload, or model split.20.The method (500C) of claim 15, wherein the AI / ML service request comprises:an indication indicating an AI / ML service advertisement notification is to be provided immediately, oran indication indicating the AI / ML service advertisement notification is to be provided periodically, oran indication indicating the AI / ML service advertisement notification to be triggered by a configured or predefined event.21.The method (500C) of claim 15, wherein the result of participation of the AI / ML service provider indicates whether the AI / ML service provider will provide the AI / ML service.22.The method (500C) of any of claims 15 to 21, wherein the AI / ML service provider comprises at least one of an AI / ML Enablement consumer, User Equipment (UE) , an AI / ML Enablement server, an AI / ML Enablement client, a Vertical Application Layer (VAL) client, an AI / ML client, or a VAL server.23.A method (500D) performed at an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) service provider, comprising:receiving (410, 541) , from an AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service; andtransmitting (415, 542) , to the AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service response indicating a result of participation of the AI / ML service provider to the AI / ML service according to the AI / ML service request.24.The method (500D) of claim 23, wherein the AI / ML service request comprises information about the AI / ML service, the information about the AI / ML service comprising at least one of:an AI / ML type,AI / ML type requirements,an AI / ML service duration,an AI / ML service incentive information at least indicating an available reward for the AI / ML service,a type of AI / ML task,an AI / ML task Key Performance Indicator (KPI) ,AI / ML task requirements, orAI / ML task performance criteria.25.The method (500D) of claim 24, wherein the AI / ML type requirements comprise at least one of a network capability or a computing capability for the AI / ML type, and / orwherein the AI / ML task performance criteria comprise at least one of green task performance, energy-efficient task performance, or low computational cost performance.26.The method (500D) of claim 24, wherein the AI / ML task requirements comprise at least one of a task related computing capability or a network capability.27.The method (500D) of claim 24, wherein the type of AI / ML task comprises at least one of:model transfer, model training, model inference, model offload, or model split.28.The method (500D) of claim 23, wherein the AI / ML service request comprises:an indication indicating an AI / ML service advertisement notification is to be provided immediately, oran indication indicating the AI / ML service advertisement notification is to be provided periodically, oran indication indicating the AI / ML service advertisement notification is to be triggered by a configured or predefined event.29.The method (500D) of claim 23, wherein the result of participation of the AI / ML service provider indicates whether the AI / ML service provider will provide the AI / ML service.30.The method (500D) of any of claims 23 to 29, wherein the AI / ML service provider comprises at least one of an AI / ML Enablement consumer, User Equipment (UE) , an AI / ML Enablement server, an AI / ML Enablement client, a Vertical Application Layer (VAL) client, an AI / ML client, or a VAL server.31.A communication device (600) , comprising:a processor (605) ; anda memory (610) , the memory (610) containing instructions (615) executable by the processor (615) , whereby the communication device (600) is operative to:transmit (511) , to an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) enablement server, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service; andreceive (512) , from the AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service response to the AI / ML service request;wherein the AI / ML service request comprises at least one of:an AI / ML type of the AI / ML service,an AI / ML service duration defining the requestor availability for the AI / ML service, orAI / ML task information for the AI / ML service; andwherein the AI / ML task information for the AI / ML service comprises a type of AI / ML task, the type of AI / ML task comprising at least one of:model transfer, model training, model inference, model offload, or model split.32.The communication device (600) of claim 31, wherein the communication device (600) is further operative to implement the method (500A) according to any of claims 2-7.33.A communication device (600) , comprising:a processor (605) ; anda memory (610) , the memory (610) containing instructions (615) executable by the processor (615) , whereby the communication device (600) is operative to:receive (521) , from an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) enablement requestor, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service; andtransmit (522) , to the AI / ML enablement requestor, an AI / ML service response to the AI / ML service request;wherein the AI / ML service request comprises at least one of:an AI / ML type of the AI / ML service,an AI / ML service duration defining a requestor availability for the AI / ML service, orAI / ML task information for the AI / ML service; andwherein the AI / ML task information for the AI / ML service comprises a type of AI / ML task, the type of AI / ML task comprising at least one of:model transfer, model training, model inference, model offload, or model split.34.The communication device (600) of claim 33, wherein the communication device is further operative to implement the method (500B) according to any of claims 9-14.35.A communication device (600) , comprising:a processor (605) ; anda memory (610) , the memory (610) containing instructions (615) executable by the processor (615) , whereby the communication device (600) is operative to:transmit (531) , to an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) service provider, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML; andreceive (532) , from the AI / ML service provider, an AI / ML service response indicating a result of participation of the AI / ML service provider to the AI / ML service according to the AI / ML service request.36.The communication device (600) of claim 35, wherein the communication device (600) is further operative to implement the method (500C) according to any of claims 16-22.37.A communication device (600) , comprising:a processor (605) ; anda memory (610) , the memory (610) containing instructions (615) executable by the processor (615) , whereby the communication device (600) is operative to:receive (541) , from an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) enablement server, an AI / ML service request for an AI / ML service; andtransmit (542) , to the AI / ML enablement server, an AI / ML service response indicating a result of participation of the AI / ML service provider to the AI / ML service according to the AI / ML service request.38.The communication device (600) of claim 37, wherein the communication device is further operative to implement the method (500D) according to any of claims 24-30.39.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor of a device, causes the device to perform the method according to any of claims 1-30.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
System and method for supporting artificial intelligence service in network
CN116157806A
Service level agreement-based multi-hardware accelerated inference
US20190044831A1
Intelligent layer to power cross platform, edge-cloud hybrid artificial intelligence services
US20210297494A1
Responding to machine learning requests from multiple clients
US20220076084A1