System and method for quality control

Abstract

The present invention discloses a system for controlling the quality of decoating of a coating system on a surface of a glazing panel The system comprises an emitter configured to emit an ultra-wideband signal with a frequency range between 13 MHz and 80 GHz, a receiver positioned on the opposite side of the glazing panel from the emitter, configured to receive the UWB signal emitted by the emitter after passing through the glazing panel and a power measurement unit configured to measure parameters, preferably the power, of the received UWB signal. The present invention discloses the associated method and use.

Description

System and method for quality controlDescriptionTechnical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a system and method for controlling the quality of the decoating process applied to a coating system present on the surface of a glazing panel. A decoating process is performed to enhance the electromagnetic (EM) transparency of the glazing panel. More specifically, the present invention utilizes an emitter and a receiver to assess the effectiveness of the decoating treatment by measuring the attenuation of an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) signal transmitted through the glazing panel. The frequency range of the UWB signal is between 13 MHz and 80 GHz.

[0002] The invention finds particular application in the field of glazing panels used in various industries, such as automotive, architectural, and aerospace, where the quality of the decoating process is crucial for achieving desired electromagnetic (EM) transparency.

[0003] Thus, the invention concerns multiple domains especially domains where glazing panels can be mounted on such a stationary object, for instance a building or alike, or a mobile object, for instance a vehicle, a train, a plane or alike.Background Art

[0004] In the manufacturing of glazing panels, it is often necessary to apply a coating system to the surface of the panel to enhance its properties, such as solar control, thermal insulation, or privacy. However, in certain applications, it becomes necessary to remove or partially remove the coating system to improve the EM transparency of the glazing panel. This process, known as decoating, involves selectively removing the coating system while maintaining the integrity of the underlying glass substrate.

[0005] Conventionally, the quality control of the decoating process has relied on visual inspection, where each decoated line is visually examined to ensure the desired level of decoating is achieved. This manual inspection method is time-consuming, subjective, and prone to human error. Moreover,it does not provide a quantitative assessment of the decoating quality and EM transparency, making it difficult to establish consistent standards and ensure uniformity across production batches.

[0006] Despite the widespread use of visual inspection in the quality control of decoating processes, this method has several inherent limitations. Firstly, visual inspection relies heavily on human judgment, making it subjective and prone to inconsistencies. Different inspectors may have varying interpretations of what constitutes an acceptable level of decoating, leading to discrepancies in the evaluation of the decoating quality. This subjectivity introduces a significant challenge in establishing consistent standards and ensuring uniformity across production batches.

[0007] Moreover, visual inspection is a time-consuming process, especially when dealing with large quantities of glazing panels. Each decoated line must be individually examined, increasing the overall production time and potentially causing bottlenecks in the manufacturing process. Additionally, the manual nature of visual inspection makes it labor- intensive, requiring skilled personnel to perform the evaluations. This reliance on human resources further adds to the cost and potential for errors.

[0008] Existing solutions attempting to address these limitations have focused on the use of special equipment, such as spectrophotometers or optical sensors, to quantitatively measure the EM transparency of the glazing panel. While these solutions offer more objective measurements compared to visual inspection, they still have certain drawbacks. Spectrophotometers, for example, require direct contact with the glazing panel, which can be impractical and time-consuming, especially in large- scale production settings. Optical sensors, on the other hand, may be limited in their ability to accurately capture the full range of decoating variations, particularly in complex coating systems.

[0009] Furthermore, these existing solutions often fail to provide a comprehensive assessment of the decoating quality. They primarily focus on measuring the overall transparency (optical properties) of the glazing panel without considering the specific EM transmission gain achieved by the decoating process. This limitation hinders the ability to precisely evaluate the effectiveness of the decoating treatment and may result in suboptimalEM transparency levels.

[0010] The limitations of the current state of the art become more pronounced as the demand for high-quality glazing panels with improved EM transparency continues to grow. There is a need for a reliable and efficient system and method that can objectively evaluate the quality of the decoating process, ensuring consistent and accurate results.

[0011] It is therefore an objective of the present invention to provide a system and method for controlling the quality of the decoating process applied to a coating system on a glazing panel.Summary of invention

[0012] It is an object of the present invention, in its different aspects, to alleviate the above described problems and in particular to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by providing a system and method for controlling the quality of the decoating process applied to a coating system on a glazing panel.

[0013] The invention introduces a novel approach that utilizes an emitter and a receiver to assess the EM transmission gain achieved by the decoating treatment.

[0014] Then, the present invention relates, in a first aspect, to a system for controlling the quality of decoating of a coating system on a surface of a glazing panel.

[0015] The solution as defined in the first aspect of the present invention is based on that the system comprises an emitter configured to emit an ultra- wideband (UWB) signal with a frequency range between 13 MHz and 80 GHz.

[0016] The solution as defined in the first aspect of the present invention is also based on that the system further comprises a receiver positioned on the opposite side of the glazing panel from the emitter, configured to receive the UWB signal emitted by the emitter after passing through the glazing panel. The receiver retrieves the UWB signal transmitted through the glazing panel.

[0017] The solution as defined in the first aspect of the present invention is also based on that the system further comprises a power measurementunit configured to measure the parameters of the received UWB signal.

[0018] The present invention relates, in a second aspect, to a measuring method. The measuring method is a method for measuring an UWB signal passing through a glazing panel, with a system according to the first aspect of the present invention; the method comprises following ordered steps :Al. emitting the UWB signal from one side of the glazing panel using an emitter;A2. receiving the UWB signal on the other side of the glazing panel using a receiver;A3, measuring parameters of the received UWB signal received by the receiver using a power measurement unit.

[0019] The present invention relates, in a third aspect, to a controlling method. The controlling method is for controlling the quality of decoating treatment of a coating system on a surface of a glazing panel, with a system according to the first aspect of the present invention; the method comprises following ordered steps:Bl. M easuring, before the decoating treatment, the UWB signal with the measuring method according to the second aspect of the present invention;B2. Measuring, during or after the decoating treatment, the UWB signal with the measuring method according to the second aspect of the present invention;B3. calculating a EM transmission gain based on a comparison of the parameters, preferably the power, of the received UWB signal at step Bl and step B2 using the calculator unit;B4. determining the quality of the decoating treatment based on the calculated EM transmission gain.

[0020] The present invention relates, in a fourth aspect, to a use to control the quality of a decoating treatment of a coating system on a surface of a glazing panel of an emitter configured to emit an ultra-wideband signal with a frequency range between 13 MHz and 80 GHz with a receiver positioned on the opposite side of the glazing panel from the emitter, configured to receive the UWB signal emitted by the emitter after passing through the glazing panel, with a power measurement unit configured to measureparameters of the received UWB signal; and with a calculator unit configured to calculate an EM transmission gain based on a comparison of parameters, preferably the power, of the received UWB signal before and after the decoating treatment.

[0021] Thus, in light of abovementioned drawbacks, the present invention introduces a novel system and method that addresses the limitations of the prior art. Evaluating the quality of decoating on low-E windows using cellular networks presents significant challenges due to several factors. Cellular signals are prone to time variations caused by fluctuations in network conditions, traffic, and environmental factors, leading to inconsistent measurements. Additionally, narrowband technologies like cellular, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi suffer from significant issues with multipath reflections; particularly from metallic or coated surfaces such as low-E windows. These reflections distort signal paths and lead to inaccurate data, making reliable quality assessments difficult.

[0022] To address these limitations, the present invention proposes using UWB signals, which provide several advantages over narrowband technologies. UWB operates across a much broader frequency spectrum, offering high temporal resolution and precise time-of-flight measurements. This wide bandwidth reduces the impact of multipath interference, as UWB signals are better able to differentiate between direct and reflected paths. Moreover, UWB’s short-duration pulses minimize susceptibility to signal distortion, leading to more reliable and accurate assessments of the decoating process. Overall, UWB transmission offers a robust, high- precision solution for evaluating low-E window decoating quality.

[0023] Also, by utilizing an UWB signal and comparing parameters of the UWB signal before and after the decoating treatment, the invention enables a quantitative assessment of the EM transmission gain achieved by the decoating process. This approach offers significant advantages over the conventional visual inspection method, providing a more objective, efficient, and reliable means of evaluating the quality of the decoating process ensuring consistent and accurate results while minimizing production time and costs.

[0024] The present invention in its different aspects provides a reliableand efficient means of evaluating the transmission gain achieved by the decoating process.

[0025] It is noted that the invention relates to all possible combinations of features recited in the claims or in the described embodiments.

[0026] The following description relates to train applications but it’s understood that the invention may be applicable to others fields like building, cities, streets, urban furniture, automotive or transportation applications.Brief description of the drawings

[0027] This and other aspects of the present invention will now be described in more detail, with reference to the appended drawings showing various exemplifying embodiments of the invention which are provided by way of illustration and not of limitation. The drawings are a schematic representation and not true to scale. The drawings do not restrict the invention in any way. More advantages will be explained with examples.

[0028] FIG. 1 is a schematic 3D view of a system according to the first aspect of the invention.

[0029] FIG.2 is a schematic top view of a system according to the first aspect of the invention with different positions of the receiver

[0030] FIG. 3 is a schematic 3D sectional view of a system according to the invention used on a train.

[0031] FIG. 4 represents a typical waveform of the signal received by the receiver according to the invention.

[0032] FIG. 5 illustrates a measuring method according to the second aspect of the present invention.

[0033] FIG. 6 illustrates a controlling method according to the third aspect of the present invention.Detailed description

[0034] In this document to a specific embodiment and include various changes, equivalents, and / or replacements of a corresponding embodiment. The same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.

[0035] As used herein, spatial or directional terms, such as "inner", "outer","above", "below", "top", "bottom", and the like, relate to the invention as it is shown in the drawing figures. However, it is to be understood that the invention can assume various alternative orientations and, accordingly, such terms are not to be considered as limiting. Further, all numbers expressing dimensions, physical characteristics, processing parameters, quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, and the like, used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical values set forth in the following specification and claims are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present invention. In the following description, unless otherwise specified, expression “substantially” mean to within 10%, preferably to within 5%.

[0036] Moreover, all ranges disclosed herein are to be understood to be inclusive of the beginning and ending range values and to encompass any and all subranges subsumed therein. For example, a stated range of "1 to 10" should be considered to include any and all subranges between (and inclusive of) the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10; that is, all subranges beginning with a minimum value of 1 or more, e.g. 1 to 6.1, and ending with a maximum value of 10 or less, e.g., 5.5 to 10. Further, as used herein, the terms "deposited over" or "provided over" mean deposited or provided on but not necessarily in surface contact with. For example, a coating "deposited over" a substrate does not preclude the presence of one or more other coating films of the same or different composition located between the deposited coating and the substrate.

[0037] Where the term "transparent" is used in the present description and claims, it denotes a property illustrating the average TL (light transmission) of visible light transmitted through a material in the visible spectrum of at least 1%. Preferably, transparent relates to a TL property of at least 10%. More preferably, transparent denotes a TL of at least 50%. Ideally, transparent denotes a TL of at least 70%.

[0038] Where the term “comprising” is used in the present description and claims, it does not exclude other elements or steps. Where an indefinite or definite article is used when referring to a singular noun e.g. "a" or "an", "the", this includes a plural of that noun unless something else is specificallystated. In this document, "configured to (or set to)" may be interchangeably used in hardware and software with, for example, "appropriate to", "having a capability to", "changed to", "made to", "capable of", or "designed to" according to a situation. In any situation, an expression "device configured to do" may mean that the device "can do" together with another device or component.

[0039] Furthermore, the terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking or in any other manner. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances and that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in other sequences than described or illustrated herein. When it is described that a constituent element (e.g., a first constituent element) is "(functionally or communicatively) coupled to" or is "connected to" another constituent element (e.g., a second constituent element), it should be understood that the constituent element may be directly connected to the another constituent element or may be connected to the another constituent element through another constituent element (e.g., a third constituent element).

[0040] It is an object of the present invention to alleviate the above described problems by proposing an efficient system for controlling the quality of decoating of a coating system on a surface of a glazing panel.

[0041] Especially, according to a first aspect of the invention as illustrated in FIG.l, FIG. 2 and FIG.3, the invention relates to a system 1. The system is designed to control the quality of decoating of a coating system present in a surface of a glazing panel.<glazing panel>

[0042] The glazing panel can be any glazing panel such as windows used to close an opening in a building or a vehicle.

[0043] Usually, such glazing panels comprises at least a dielectric panel. A dielectric panel is a panel that is not electrically conductive as such.

[0044] The dielectric panel can be made of a plastic-based composition or can be glass panel comprising for example at least 50 % in weight of SiO2such as glass like soda lime glass, aluminosilicate glass or borosilicate glass. The plastic-based composition can be PET, polycarbonate, PVC or any other transparent dielectric plastic-based that can be used as a panel.

[0045] Said glazing panel can be made of several panels such as laminated glazing panels and / or multiple glazing panels such as IGU, VIG, or alike.

[0046] The composition and the number of panels is not limiting the present invention as for the manufacturing method or the shape of the glazing panel.

[0047] Glazing panels have two external surfaces facing the exterior of the glazing panel.

[0048] In case of multiple glazing panels, on top of the external surfaces, there are several internal surfaces being interfaces between layers composing the multiple glazing panel.

[0049] Usually, the multiple glazing is at least partially transparent.<Coating system>

[0050] In the context of the invention, a coating system is a layer or a combination of layers applied to a surface to provide protection, improve appearance, or add functionality. Coating systems can be applied to a variety of surfaces, including glass, plastic, interlayer.

[0051] The coating system typically consists of one or more thin films or coatings that are applied to the surface of the glazing panel using various deposition techniques, such as sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, or physical vapor deposition. These coatings can be composed of different materials, such as metal oxides depending on the desired properties and performance requirements.

[0052] Usually, the purpose of the coating system is to modify the optical, thermal, or mechanical properties of the glazing panel. For example, a low- emissivity (low-e) coating can reduce heat transfer through the glazing panel, improving energy efficiency by minimizing heat loss during the winter and heat gain during the summer. Similarly, a solar control coating can selectively block or reflect certain wavelengths of solar radiation, reducing the amount of heat and glare entering the building while allowing visible light to pass through.

[0053] The problem of reduced EM transparency is mainly due to the conductive layer(s) of the coating system.<decoating>

[0054] In the context of the invention, a decoating is the process of removing or reducing the coating material of a coating system from a portion of a surface, such as a window, to create a decoated region that allows more electromagnetic signals to pass through. This is necessary to maintain high transparency of the glazing to radio frequency waves of a specified frequency range, which has become essential for modern life, especially with the huge penetration of cellular smartphones, tablets, loT (Internet of Things) devices, that require deep penetration in buildings or automotive of electromagnetic field for indoor coverage, even at high spectrum frequency up to 70 GHz.

[0055] Decoating can be performed by various methods, such as laser ablation, chemical etching, mechanical scratching, etc. A chemical etching process can require multiple steps of applying and removing the etching solution, rinsing and drying the window, etc. A mechanical scratching process can cause damage or defects to the substrate or the coating material, such as cracks, scratches, or chips. The laser ablation is a more precise method. Such decoating permits to obtain a frequency selective surface (FSS) or alike. Usually, the decoating comprises non-conductive or substantially non-conductive line segments marked in the coating system such as grid-like structures, periodic or non-periodic structures or any other structures that allow an EM wave to pass through.

[0056] The present invention also comprises an emitter 2 and a receiver 3 to enable the measurement of the parameter of the signal passing through the glazing panel. Said emitter is configured to emit an ultra-wideband (UWB) signal with a frequency range between 13 MHz and 80 GHz. This permits a high-resolution measurements, enabling the system to capture detailed information about the transmission characteristics of the glazing panel, including the attenuation caused by the coating system before and after the decoating process. This also permits good penetration capabilities, allowing the UWB signal to pass through the glazing panel and reach thereceiver on the other side. They can propagate through various materials, including glass, without significant signal degradation. This also permits a good immunity to interference, enhancing the reliability and accuracy of the measurements, as the system can utilize the UWB signal without being affected by nearby unwanted electromagnetic noise. This also permits to mitigate the impact of multipath propagation in the environment, resulting in more accurate and robust measurements of the power of the received signal.<emitter>

[0057] In some preferred embodiments, the emitter emits an UWB signal with a frequency range between 3.1 GHz and 10.6 GHz providing accuracy, reliability, and high-resolution measurements for controlling the quality of decoating of the coating system on the glazing panel.

[0058] In some preferred embodiments, the emitter can comprises a modem creating the UWB signal and at least an antenna emitting the UWB signal. In such embodiments, the modem plays a role in generating the UWB signal with the desired characteristics, such as the frequency range. It may also apply modulation techniques, encoding, and synchronization to the UWB signal, ensuring that the signal carries the necessary information and is compatible with the receiver. On the other hand, the antenna is responsible for emitting the UWB signal into the glazing panel. It converts the electrical signal from the modem into electromagnetic waves that propagate through space and penetrate the glazing panel. The antenna's design and characteristics, such as its radiation pattern and gain, determine the directionality and efficiency of the signal emission. By combining a modem and an antenna in the emitter, the system can achieve precise control over the UWB signal's characteristics and its transmission through the glazing panel. This allows for accurate measurement of the signal parameters, such as power, before and after the decoating process for example, facilitating the assessment of the EM transmission gain achieved by the decoating of the coating system on the glazing panel.

[0059] According to some embodiments, the emitter may utilize a pulsebased modulation scheme to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of signal transmission. In such embodiments, the emitter further comprises a pulsegenerator configured to generate pulses for the pulse-based modulation scheme used to emit the UWB signal.

[0060] According to some embodiments, the pulse generator can be adjustable to vary the pulse repetition rate of the generated pulses and / or can be adjustable to vary the pulse duration of the generated pulses and / or can be adjustable to vary the pulse shape of the generated pulses and / or can be adjustable to vary the pulse amplitude of the generated pulses. Preferably, the pulse generator is synchronized with the receiver to ensure proper timing for signal transmission and reception.

[0061] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the emitter can further comprise a signal processing unit configured to preprocess the UWB signal before emission. The signal processing unit may include a filter to shape the frequency spectrum of the UWB signal and / or an amplifier to enhance the power of the UWB signal and / or a modulator to apply modulation techniques to the UWB signal and / or a coding unit to encode information onto the UWB signal and / or a synchronization unit to synchronize the UWB signal with the receiver.

[0062] According to some embodiments, the emitter has an omnidirectional antenna providing almost uniform signal distribution through its surrounding space, simplified installation, enhanced measurement accuracy, flexibility, adaptability, and cost-effectiveness.

[0063] According to some other embodiments, the emitter has a directional antenna providing targeted signal transmission, increased signal intensity, reduced interference, enhanced spatial resolution, customizable coverage, and compatibility with existing systems. These advantages can contribute to improved accuracy, efficiency, and effectiveness in controlling the quality of decoating of the coating system on the glazing panel. <receiver>

[0064] According to the invention, the system further comprises a receiver 3 positioned on the opposite side of the glazing panel from the emitter. The receiver is configured to receive the UWB signal emitted by the emitter after passing through the glazing panel.

[0065] According to some embodiments, the receiver can comprise at leastan antenna receiving the UWB signal and a modem measuring parameters, such as the shape, the amplitude, the noise level and the time of flight of of the UWB signal allowing to efficiently capture and analyze the UWB signal, providing valuable information for assessing the quality of the decoating process on the glazing panel, enabling quality control, process optimization, and data analysis. Said antenna captures the electromagnetic waves carrying the UWB signal and convert them into signals that can be processed by the receiver. By adjusting the design and characteristics of said antenna, such as its gain and radiation pattern, that permits to determine its sensitivity and ability to capture the UWB signal effectively. Said modem is responsible for measuring various parameters of the received UWB signal. It performs signal processing and analysis to extract valuable information from the received signal. The modem may measure parameters such as signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, frequency content, time of arrival, and other relevant characteristics of the UWB signal. Such embodiments permits to accurately capture and analyze the characteristics of the received UWB signal. The antenna receives the UWB signal transmitted by the emitter, converting it into signals for processing. The modem measures various parameters of the received UWB signal, such as signal strength, signal-to- noise ratio, frequency content, and time of arrival. This analysis enables the assessment of the quality of the decoating process on the glazing panel, facilitating quality control, process optimization, and data analysis. The receiver's measurements provide valuable feedback for monitoring and adjusting the decoating process, ensuring consistent and reliable results. Additionally, the recorded data can be used for historical tracking, trend analysis, and performance evaluation, contributing to continuous improvement in the decoating process.

[0066] In some embodiments, the receiver can comprise a demodulator configured to extract the transmitted information from the received UWB signal. The demodulator may employ coherent demodulation techniques to recover the modulated information from the received UWB signal and / or error correction coding to enhance the reliability of the recovered information.. The demodulator may include a synchronization unit to synchronize the demodulation process with the UWB signal.

[0067] In some embodiments, the receiver may further comprise a signal processing unit configured to preprocess the received UWB signal. The signal processing unit may include a filter to remove noise and interference from the received UWB signal and / or an amplifier to enhance the power of the received UWB signal and / or a demodulator to extract the transmitted information from the received UWB signal and / or a decoding unit to decode the encoded information from the received UWB signal and / or a synchronization unit to synchronize the received UWB signal with the emitter.

[0068] According to some embodiments, the receiver may further comprise an antenna array configured to receive the UWB signal with beamforming capabilities. The antenna array may include a plurality of antenna elements that can be individually controlled to adjust the direction and shape of the received UWB signal and / or a beamforming controller to optimize the beamforming parameters for the received UWB signal.

[0069] According to some embodiments, the receiver may further comprise multiple spatially-separated antennas configured to receive multiple copies of the UWB signal. This permits to improve the quality and reliability of the system and / or to determine the angle of arrival of the incoming UWB signal.

[0070] According to some embodiments, the receiver may further comprise a power measurement unit configured to measure parameters of the received UWB signal. The power measurement unit may include a calibrated power sensor to provide accurate power measurements. The power measurement unit may include a digital signal processing unit to analyze and process the power measurements and / or a data logging unit to record and store the power measurements for further analysis.

[0071] According to some embodiments, the receiver can have an omnidirectional antenna allowing simplified setup, comprehensive signal reception, enhanced flexibility, reduced complexity, improved reliability, and cost-effectiveness and contributing to accurate and efficient assessment of the decoating quality of the coating system on the glazing panel.

[0072] In some other embodiments, the receiver can have a directional antenna allowing targeted signal reception, improved signal-to-noise ratio,enhanced spatial resolution, reduced interference, customizable coverage, and compatibility with existing systems. These advantages contribute to accurate and precise assessment of the decoating quality of the coating system on the glazing panel, particularly in specific areas of interest. This also permits to avoid reflection from the support or the environment around the receiver.

[0073] According to some embodiments, the receiver can be configured to generate a quality control map indicating the quality of the decoating across the surface of the glazing panel based on the detected variations in the first path power.<power measurement unit>

[0074] According to the invention, the system further comprises a power measurement unit 4 configured to measure parameters of the received UWB signal, preferably the power of the received UWB signal and parameters to evaluate the reliability of the measurement and to correct it, allowing accurate measurements, real-time monitoring, quality control, process optimization, alarms and notifications, data analysis and logging, communication and integration, user-friendly interface, and power control capabilities. These advantages contribute to the efficient and effective assessment and control of the power level during the decoating process on the glazing panel.

[0075] In some embodiments, the power measurement unit can further comprise a calibration module configured to calibrate the power measurements for accurate and reliable results. The calibration module may utilize known reference signals or power standards to calibrate the power measurement unit.

[0076] In some embodiments, the power measurement unit may further comprise a data analysis unit configured to analyze the power measurements and provide statistical information about the decoating process. The data analysis unit may calculate metrics such as mean power, power distribution, or power variation to assess the quality and consistency of the decoating process.

[0077] In some embodiments, the power measurement unit may furthercomprise a communication interface configured to transmit the power measurements to a central control system or a remote monitoring station. The communication interface may utilize wired or wireless communication protocols to transmit the power measurements in real-time or periodically.

[0078] In some embodiments, the power measurement unit may further comprise a threshold detection module configured to compare the power measurements with predefined thresholds and generate alarms or notifications in case of deviations. The threshold detection module may allow for adjustable threshold settings to accommodate different decoating process requirements or quality standards.

[0079] In some embodiments, the power measurement unit may further comprise a power logging unit configured to record and store the power measurements for historical tracking and analysis. The power logging unit may include a memory or storage device to store the power measurements in a structured and retrievable format.

[0080] In some embodiments, the power measurement unit may further comprise a power display unit configured to provide visual or numerical representation of the power measurements for real-time monitoring and analysis. The power display unit includes a graphical user interface (GUI) or a digital display to present the power measurements in a user-friendly and intuitive manner.

[0081] In some embodiments, the power measurement unit may further comprise a power control unit configured to adjust the power level of the UWB signal transmitted by the emitter based on the measured power. The power control unit may utilize feedback from the power measurements to dynamically regulate the emitter's power output and maintain consistent signal strength during the decoating process.<Calculator unit>

[0082] According to some embodiments, the system can further comprise a calculator unit 5 configured to calculate an EM transmission gain based on a comparison of parameters, such as the power, of the received UWB signal before and after a decoating treatment, allowing ability to provide quantitative assessment, objective evaluation, process optimization, qualitycontrol, performance monitoring, data analysis, and documentation / reporting capabilities. These advantages contribute to the efficient and effective evaluation and optimization of the decoating process's impact on signal transmission.

[0083] According to some embodiments, the calculator unit can further comprise a calibration module configured to calibrate the EM transmission gain calculation for accurate and reliable results. The calibration module may utilize known reference signals or power standards to calibrate the EM transmission gain calculation.

[0084] According to some embodiments, the calculator unit can further comprise a data analysis module configured to analyze the calculated EM transmission gain and provide statistical information about the performance of the decoating process. The data analysis module may calculate metrics such as mean transmission gain, gain distribution, or gain variation to assess the consistency and effectiveness of the decoating process.

[0085] According to some embodiments, the calculator unit can further comprise a communication interface configured to transmit the calculated EM transmission gain to a central control system or a remote monitoring station. The communication interface may utilize wired or wireless communication protocols to transmit the calculated EM transmission gain in real-time or periodically.

[0086] According to some embodiments, the calculator unit can further comprise a threshold detection module configured to compare the calculated EM transmission gain with predefined thresholds and generate alarms or notifications in case of deviations. The threshold detection module may allow for adjustable threshold settings to accommodate different decoating process requirements or quality standards.

[0087] According to some embodiments, the calculator unit can further comprise an EM transmission gain logging unit configured to record and store the calculated EM transmission gain for historical tracking and analysis. The EM transmission gain logging unit may include a memory or storage device to store the calculated EM transmission gain in a structured and retrievable format.

[0088] According to some embodiments, the calculator unit can furthercomprise an EM transmission gain display unit configured to provide visual or numerical representation of the calculated EM transmission gain for realtime monitoring and analysis. The EM transmission gain display unit may include a graphical user interface (GUI) or a digital display to present the calculated transmission gain in a user-friendly and intuitive manner.

[0089] According to some embodiments, the calculator unit can further comprise an EM transmission gain control unit configured to adjust the decoating process parameters based on the calculated EM transmission gain. The EM transmission gain control unit may utilize feedback from the calculated EM transmission gain to dynamically regulate the decoating process and maintain the desired EM transmission gain.

[0090] The calculator unit offers several advantages for controlling the quality of the decoating process on a glazing panel. It provides a quantitative assessment of the electromagnetic (EM) transmission gain by comparing the parameters, preferably the power, of the received ultra-wideband (UWB) signal before and after the decoating treatment. This objective evaluation is more reliable and consistent than conventional visual inspection methods, which are subjective and prone to human error. By automating the evaluation process, the calculator unit reduces the time and labor required for quality control. This efficiency minimizes production time and costs, making the process more streamlined and cost-effective. The calculator unit ensures accurate results by providing a detailed analysis of the EM transmission gain. This accuracy is crucial for maintaining high standards and uniformity across production batches. The system's reliance on UWB signals, which have good penetration capabilities and immunity to interference, enhances the reliability of the measurements. This reliability ensures that the quality control process is robust and dependable. Unlike existing solutions that primarily focus on measuring overall transparency, the calculator unit provides a comprehensive assessment of the decoating quality by specifically evaluating the EM transmission gain. This comprehensive approach ensures that the decoating process achieves the desired level of EM transparency.

[0091] According to some embodiments, the system can comprise a reflective element configured to reflect the UWB signal and positionedbehind the receiver oppositely to the emitter, preferably reflective element comprises a metal-based material.

[0092] According to some embodiments, the system can further comprise display unit 6 configured to display the calculated EM transmission gain.

[0093] As illustrated in FIG. 2, the system can comprise a movable means 33 configured to displace the receiver from a position 3a to a position 3b. Preferably, when the receiver can be displaced, the emitter is fixed at a defined position. The displacement is preferably performed along the glazing panel.

[0094] In some other embodiments, the system can comprise a movable means configured to displace the emitter from a first position to a second position. Preferably, when the emitter can be displaced, the receiver is fixed at a defined position. The displacement is preferably performed along the glazing panel.

[0095] According to some embodiments, allowing to signal fidelity, reduced reflections, enhanced signal-to-noise ratio, avoidance of signal deterioration and improved measurement accuracy, the receiver is 2.LT^ positioned at a minimum distance, Dr, where Dr > — r- from the glazing panel, wherein A is the minimum wavelength of the UWB signal and Lr is the length of the antenna of the receiver, and the emitter is positioned at a 2Le minimum distance, De, where De > —2from the glazing panel, wherein A is the minimum wavelength of the UWB signal and Le is the length of the antenna of the emitter. These advantages contribute to the system's ability to accurately assess the properties of the glazing panel and evaluate the effectiveness of the decoating process.

[0096] According to some preferred embodiments, the defined position of the emitter is determined based on the optimal signal transmission and reception characteristics.

[0097] According to some preferred embodiments, the receiver is configured to move substantially parallel to the surface of the glazing panel during the quality control process.

[0098] FIG. 3 illustrates some embodiments, where the system of the present invention is used in situ meaning that the system is used where the glazing unit is installed on the object and not in a factory. In this illustration,the object 100 is a train compartment.

[0099] In such embodiments, the emitter 2 is fixed on a determined position thanks to an element 21. The receiver 3 can be displace with a displacement means 111. This can permit to analyze several windows without the need to modify the position of the emitter.

[0100] In some embodiments, the emitter 2 and / or the receiver 3 can be detachably fixed with a detachable element to a window, to the frame of the window or the wall in which the window is installed. Such detachable element can be a fixed detachable element such as a suction pad, a suction cup or any other element a that allows the emitter and / or the receiver to be detachably attached to a window, to the frame of the window or the wall in which the window is installed. Such detachable element can also be a movable detachable element able to be displaced along a plane substantially parallel to the surfaces of the window.

[0101] In such embodiments, such detachable elements are designed to maintain the emitter and / or the receiver at a defined distance from the corresponding surface of the window, the surface directly facing the emitter and / or the receiver permitting to set the time of flight and / or to filter the time of flight. Such embodiments permit to improve measurement especially for window comprising at least three glass sheets.

[0102] In such embodiments, the distance between the corresponding surface and the emitter and / or the distance between the corresponding surface and the received is greater than or equal to zero, meaning that the emitter and / or the received can be against the corresponding surface of the window.

[0103] In some preferred embodiments, said displacement means can also be part of a decoating apparatus used for the decoating process. In such embodiments, the decoating apparatus comprises a laser device designed to decoat and next to the laser device the receiver 3. The laser device and the receiver can be displaced thanks to an articulated arm, as illustrated in FIG. 3, or by any other manner to displace a laser unit along a window to decoat such window.

[0104] In some embodiments, the displacements of the receiver can be stored. The localization in space (x, y, z position) and potential defect withthe decoating can also be stored. In such embodiments, if the localization and the defects are stored then the decoating process can used said positions to decoat with same or different parameters in order to ensure a correct decoating and avoiding zone 93 with unacceptable EM transparency.

[0105] According to some embodiments, the system can further comprising a motorized mechanism coupled to the receiver for controlled movement along the surface of the glazing panel.

[0106] According to some embodiments, the receiver is configured to move in a linear scanning pattern, in a raster scanning pattern, in a spiral scanning pattern or any other known scanning pattern across the surface of the glazing panel.

[0107] According to some embodiments, the receiver is further configured to detect variations in the first path power along the surface of the glazing panel.

[0108] According to some embodiments, the system can further comprise a feedback mechanism to adjust the movement of the receiver based on the detected variations in the first path power.

[0109] FIG. 4 represents a typical waveform 403a (curve with squares) of the signals received by the receiver before a decoating process, meaning while the coating system is untouched. FIG. 4 also represents a typical waveform 403b (curve with triangles) of the signals received by the receiver after a decoating process, creating a FSS, that was performed correctly.

[0110] The very first spike of the curve 403b is the pulse received from the first path. The other spikes are reflections of this pulse that reflected on elements such seats, ground, walls, •••

[0111] In FIG. 4, the three first points (Time = 101,102 and 103 ) are used to calculate the first path power. Thus, the calculated value is -98,4 dBm before the decoating process and -85,3 dBm after the decoating process. Then, it is possible to calculate that the gain, in term of EM transparency is 13dB in this embodiment.

[0112] It is also possible to measure the whole signal power meaning taking into account the first path and the reflections. The value would be less meaningful, but in case of issue with first path measurement, it would still allow to see if there is a gain or not.

[0113] The present invention permits to isolate the power measurements from reflections. Reflections can be filtered by time gating. Reflections at least 90 cm longer than first path won't influence the measurement.

[0114] According to some embodiments, the frequency (channel) of the UWB signal can be modified or selected based on the composition of the glazing panel to maximize the power difference between the signal received before and after the decoating process allowing enhanced signal sensitivity, improved signal penetration, minimized signal interference, customization for different glazing panels, increased measurement accuracy, process optimization, flexibility and adaptability, and compliance with regulatory requirements. These advantages contribute to the system's ability to accurately assess the power difference between before and after the decoating process, leading to improved process control and optimization. The modification or selection of the frequency (channel) of the UWB signal can be determined by analyzing the EM transmission characteristics of the glazing panel, including its material composition, thickness, and other relevant parameters. The modification or selection of the frequency (channel) of the UWB signal can be performed by a frequency control module within the power measurement unit, which adjusts the UWB signal generator to emit signals at the optimized frequency. The modification or selection of the frequency (channel) of the UWB signal can be based on a predetermined frequency range or a set of predefined frequencies specifically tailored for different types of glazing panels. The modification or selection of the frequency (channel) of the UWB signal can be dynamically adjusted during the decoating process based on real-time measurements and analysis of the power difference between the received signals. The modification or selection of the frequency (channel) of the UWB signal can be optimized to maximize the power difference between the received signals, thereby enhancing the accuracy and sensitivity of the transmission gain calculation. The modification or selection of the frequency (channel) of the UWB signal can be performed automatically by the system based on predefined algorithms or machine learning techniques that analyze the glazing panel's composition and determine the optimal frequency for power measurement. The modification or selection of the frequency (channel) of the UWB signal canbe accompanied by adjustments in the power level or waveform characteristics of the UWB signal to further optimize the power difference between the received signals. The modification or selection of the frequency (channel) of the UWB signal can be performed in coordination with the positioning of the receiver and emitter at the specified minimum distances from the glazing panel to maximize the power difference and minimize signal distortions or reflections. The modification or selection of the frequency (channel) of the UWB signal can be adaptable and can be reconfigured or updated based on changes in the glazing panel composition or other factors affecting the power difference between the received signals.

[0115] It is understood that according to the invention, in some embodiments, the emitter and the receiver can be swapped.

[0116] According to some embodiments, the emitter and receiver units can be designed to have identical or compatible interfaces, allowing for seamless interchangeability without requiring modifications or adjustments to the system components. the emitter and receiver units are physically detachable and can be easily disconnected and reconnected without compromising the system's functionality or measurement accuracy. The emitter and receiver units can be electronically configurable to switch roles between emitting and receiving signals, thereby enabling the system to adapt to different measurement scenarios or configurations. The emitter and receiver units can be equipped with identification mechanisms or unique identifiers that are recognized by the system, ensuring proper identification and tracking of the units' roles and preventing unauthorized swapping or tampering. The emitter and receiver units can be protected by encryption or authentication mechanisms, ensuring secure and authorized swapping of the units while preventing unauthorized access or replication of the system configuration. The emitter and receiver units can be physically or electronically sealed or tamper-proof.

[0117] In some embodiments, the emitter and receiver can communicate before the measurement to find the ideal signal power level to work with. The emitter and receiver units can communicate prior to the measurement process to determine the ideal signal power level to be used, thereby optimizing the measurement accuracy and ensuring reliable power levelassessment. The communication between the emitter and receiver units can include exchanging control signals, calibration data, or test signals to establish a suitable power level for the UWB signal transmission. The emitter unit can transmit a test signal to the receiver unit, and the receiver unit provides feedback or measurement data to the emitter unit, enabling the determination of the optimal power level for subsequent measurements. The communication between the emitter and receiver units can involve iterative adjustments of the signal power level based on the received feedback, allowing for fine-tuning and convergence towards the ideal power level. The communication between the emitter and receiver units can be facilitated by a control module or algorithm within the system, which analyzes the feedback data and adjusts the power level accordingly.

[0118] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the communication between the emitter and receiver units occurs through wired or wireless connections, enabling efficient exchange of information and coordination of the power level determination process. The communication between the emitter and receiver units can be performed automatically, without requiring manual intervention, ensuring consistent and standardized power level determination for each measurement. The communication between the emitter and receiver units can include assessing the signal quality, signal-to-noise ratio, or other relevant parameters to evaluate the suitability of the power level and make adjustments if necessary. The communication between the emitter and receiver units can be initiated during system startup or initialization, ensuring that the optimal power level is established before the actual measurement process begins. The communication between the emitter and receiver units can be protected by encryption or authentication mechanisms, ensuring secure and authorized exchange of information and preventing unauthorized access or tampering.

[0119] The present invention also provides a method 400 for measuring an UWB signal passing through a glazing panel, with a system according to the first aspect of the present invention, as illustrated in FIG. 5. This method permits to accurately measure and characterize the UWB signal transmitted through the glazing panel. This includes capturing the signal's power, frequency, waveform, and other relevant parameters. By measuring thesignal, the method provides valuable information about the signal's properties and characteristics.

[0120] The method for measuring comprises a step Al of emitting 401 the UWB signal from one side of the glazing panel using an emitter. Then, the method comprises a step A2 of receiving 402 the UWB signal on the other side of the glazing panel using a receiver followed by a step A3 of measuring 403 parameters, such as the power, of the received UWB signal received by the receiver using a power measurement unit.

[0121] As illustrated in FIG. 6, the present invention provides a method controlling the quality of a decoating treatment of a coating system on a surface of a glazing panel.

[0122] Said controlling method permits to facilitate the evaluation of the decoating process's effectiveness by measuring the signal before and after the treatment. By comparing the signal measurements, the method assesses the impact of the decoating process on the signal transmission, allowing to accurately characterize the UWB signal, evaluate the decoating process, ensure quality control, optimize the process, monitor performance, analyze data, and comply with standards. These purposes collectively contribute to the efficient and effective assessment and control of the signal transmission during the decoating process on the glazing panel and permitting the determination of the transmission gain achieved.

[0123] Said controlling method comprises a step Bl of measuring 400, before the decoating treatment, the UWB signal with the measuring method.

[0124] Then, said method comprises a step B2 of measuring 400, during or after the decoating treatment 500, the UWB signal.

[0125] Then, said controlling method comprises a step B3 of calculating 600 a transmission gain based on a comparison of parameters, such as the power, of the received UWB signal at step Bl and step B2 using the calculator unit.

[0126] After the step B3, said controlling method comprises a step B4 of determining 700 the quality of the decoating treatment based on the calculated transmission gain.

[0127] Said controlling method may serve as a quality control mechanism by monitoring and measuring the signal during the decoating process. Itensures that the signal meets the desired power levels, frequency range, and other specifications. Deviations from the expected signal parameters can trigger alarms or notifications, indicating potential issues or anomalies in the decoating process.

[0128] Said controlling method may provide data for process optimization by measuring the signal and analyzing its characteristics. The measurements can be used to fine-tune process parameters, optimize equipment settings, and improve the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the decoating process.

[0129] Said controlling method can enable real-time or periodic monitoring of the signal during the decoating process. By continuously measuring the signal, it allows for the detection of any variations, fluctuations, or abnormalities that may occur. This facilitates timely interventions or adjustments to maintain consistent and reliable signal transmission.

[0130] Said controlling method can generate data that can be analyzed to gain insights into the signal's behavior and performance. By analyzing the signal measurements, statistical metrics can be calculated, trends can be identified, and correlations with other process variables can be established. This data analysis aids in understanding the factors influencing signal transmission and optimizing the decoating process.

[0131] In some embodiments, said controlling method may comprises a step of displaying the calculated transmission gain.

[0132] In some embodiments, said controlling method may further comprises a step adjusting the decoating treatment based on the calculated transmission gain to ensure a correct decoating in real-time.

[0133] To implement the method, the glazing panel is positioned between the emitter and the receiver, and the UWB signal is transmitted through the panel. The system further includes a calculator unit that calculates the first path power, providing a reference value for comparison. By comparing the power values obtained before and after the decoating treatment, the effectiveness of the decoating process can be determined.

[0134] Said controlling method can further comprise a step of storing the values obtained before and after the decoating process in a memory unit.

[0135] Said controlling method can further comprise a step of comparingthe stored values with historical values stored in the memory unit.

[0136] Said controlling method can further comprise a step of adjusting the decoating process based on the comparison of values obtained before and after the decoating process.

[0137] Coming back to FIG. 1, the present invention permits to identify if an issue occurred during the decoating process, for example a bad decoating zone 93. In some preferred embodiments, the system is able to localize such zone 93. If needed, such zone can be decoated with the previous decoating process a second time to ensure the correct decoating. The controlling method can comprises a step of decoating said zone after the step B4.

[0138] An embodiment provides the use to control the quality of a decoating treatment of a coating system on a surface of a glazing panel of an emitter configured to emit an ultra-wideband signal with a frequency range between 13 MHz and 80 GHz with a receiver positioned on the opposite side of the glazing panel from the emitter, configured to receive the UWB signal emitted by the emitter after passing through the glazing panel, with a power measurement unit configured to measure the power of the received UWB signal; and with a calculator unit configured to calculate a transmission gain based on a comparison of the power of the received UWB signal before and after the decoating treatment.

[0139] The present invention can permit in these different aspects to ensure accurate and reliable measurements of the power level of the UWB signal before and after the decoating treatment. This accuracy is crucial for assessing the effectiveness of the treatment and determining the transmission gain achieved.

[0140] The present invention can permit in these different aspects to enable real-time monitoring of the power level and signal characteristics during the decoating process. This allows for immediate feedback and adjustments to maintain optimal power levels, signal quality, and consistent decoating performance.

[0141] The present invention can permit in these different aspects to calculate the transmission gain based on a comparison of the power of the received UWB signal before and after the decoating treatment. This provides a quantitative measure of the improvement in signal transmission, allowingfor objective evaluation and optimization of the decoating process.

[0142] The present invention can permit in these different aspects, by providing insights into the power distribution, signal characteristics, and transmission gain, to facilitate process optimization. It helps identify the most efficient decoating techniques, parameters, and equipment settings, leading to improved process efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

[0143] The present invention can permit in these different aspects to ensure quality control by monitoring the power level and signal characteristics, comparing them against predefined thresholds, and generating alarms or notifications in case of deviations. This helps maintain consistent and reliable signal transmission and ensures compliance with quality standards and regulations.

[0144] The present invention can permit in these different aspects to generate data that can be analyzed to gain insights into the decoating process, signal behavior, and performance. Statistical metrics, trends, and correlations can be derived from the data, enabling further process optimization, troubleshooting, and decision-making.

[0145] The present invention can permit in these different aspects to can be equipped with a communication interface to transmit power measurements, transmission gain, and other relevant data to a central control system or remote monitoring station. This allows for centralized data collection, analysis, and integration with other systems or processes.

[0146] The present invention can permit in these different aspects to facilitate process traceability and documentation by recording and storing power measurements, transmission gain, and other relevant data. This allows for historical tracking, performance evaluation, and reporting to stakeholders, regulatory bodies, or customers.

[0147] Thus, the present inventions permits to obtain, depending on the embodiments, accurate measurements, real-time monitoring and control, quantitative assessment of transmission gain, process optimization and efficiency, quality control and compliance, data analysis and insights, communication and integration, user-friendly interface and visualization, and / or process traceability and documentation. These advantages contribute to the efficient and effective assessment, optimization, andcontrol of the decoating process and signal transmission on the glazing panel.

[0148] Compared to existing solutions in which the measurement is based on a incident angle of the EM signal to correctly position a receiver after a decoating process at a specific point, the focus point, the present invention ensures that the decoating process is correctly performed on the whole decoated area and if the decoating process was not correctly and homogenously performed, then a part of the decoating steps can be performed again on a specific location.

Claims

ClaimsClaim 1. A system (1) for controlling the quality of decoating (92) of a coating system (91) on a surface of a glazing panel (9), comprising:- an emitter (2) configured to emit an ultra-wideband (UWB) signal with a frequency range between 13 MHz and 80 GHz;- a receiver (3) positioned on the opposite side of the glazing panel from the emitter, configured to receive the UWB signal emitted by the emitter after passing through the glazing panel;- a power measurement unit (4) configured to measure parameters of the received UWB signal, preferably the power of the received UWB signal- wherein the system further comprises a calculator unit (5) configured to calculate a transmission gain based on a comparison of the power of the received UWB signal before and after a decoating treatment (500).Claim 2. The system according to any preceding claims, wherein the emitter comprises a modem creating the UWB signal and an antenna emitting the UWB signal .Claim 3. The system according to any preceding claims, wherein the receiver comprises an antenna receiving the UWB signal and a modem measuring parameters of the UWB signal).Claim 4. The system according to claims 1 to 3, wherein the receiver is2.LT^ positioned at a minimum distance, Dr, where Dr > — r- from the glazing panel, wherein A is the wavelength of the UWB signal and Lr is the length of the antenna of the receiver, and wherein the emitter is positioned at a 2Le minimum distance, De, where De > —2from the glazing panel, wherein A is the wavelength of the UWB signal and Le is the length of the antenna of the emitter.Claim 5. The system according to any preceding claims, wherein the system comprises a movable means configured to displace the receiver.Claim 6. The system according to any claim 1 to claim 5, wherein the emitter is an omnidirectional emitter.Claim 7. The system according to any claim 1 to claim 5, wherein the emitter is a directional emitter.Claim 8. The system according to any claim 1 to claim 6, wherein the receiver is an omnidirectional receiver.Claim 9. The system according to any claim 1 to claim 6, wherein the receiver is a directional receiver.Claim 10. The system according to any preceding claims, further comprising a display unit (6) configured to display the calculated transmission gain.Claim 11. A method for measuring (400) an UWB signal passing through a glazing panel, with a system according to any preceding claims; the method comprises following ordered steps :Al. Emitting (401) the UWB signal from one side of the glazing panel using an emitter;A2. receiving (402) the UWB signal on the other side of the glazing panel using a receiver;A3, measuring (403) parameters, preferably the power, of the received UWB signal received by the receiver using a power measurement unit.Claim 12. A method for controlling the quality of a decoating treatment of a coating system on a surface of a glazing panel, with a system according to any preceding claims; the method comprises following ordered steps:Bl. M easuring (400), before the decoating treatment, the UWB signal with the method of claim 12;B2. M easuring (400), during or after the decoating treatment, theUWB signal with the method of claim 12;B3. Cal culating (600) an EM transmission gain based on a comparison of parameters, preferably the power, of the received UWB signal at step Bl and step B2 using the calculator unit;B4. Determining (700) the quality of the decoating treatment based on the calculated EM transmission gain.Claim 13. Use to control the quality of a decoating treatment of a coating system on a surface of a glazing panel of an emitter configured to emit an ultra-wideband signal with a frequency range between 13 MHz and 80 GHz with a receiver positioned on the opposite side of the glazing panel from the emitter, configured to receive the UWB signal emitted by the emitter after passing through the glazing panel, with a power measurement unit configured to measure parameters, preferably the power, of the received UWB signal; and with a calculator unit configured to calculate a transmission gain based on acomparison of parameters, preferably the power, of the received UWB signal before and after the decoating treatment.

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