Antenna, antenna array, and base station

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of antennas, and provides an antenna, an antenna array, and a base station. The antenna comprises a metasurface unit, a radiation unit, a feed balun, and a reflection plate. The radiation unit and the reflection plate are arranged opposite to and spaced from each other in a first direction; the feed balun is located between the radiation unit and the reflection plate; the metasurface unit is located on the side of the radiation unit away from the reflection plate, and a gap is formed between the metasurface unit and the radiation unit; and the metasurface unit comprises a first patch, a second patch, and an orthogonal wire, the first patch and the second patch are arranged opposite to each other in the first direction, the orthogonal wire is located between the first patch and the second patch, and a dielectric layer is provided both between the first patch and the orthogonal wire and between the second patch and the orthogonal wire. The cross-sectional dimension of the antenna is reduced while improving the performance of the antenna.

Description

Antennas, antenna arrays, and base stations Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna, an antenna array, and a base station. Background Art

[0002] Mobile communication technology has evolved through 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G, and has now reached the fifth generation (5G). 5G boasts advantages such as fast transmission speeds, wide network coverage, low power consumption, and low latency. With the widespread adoption of 5G, 700MHz base stations have been widely used. There is an urgent need for a highly efficient, compact base station antenna.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] Embodiments of the present disclosure include an antenna, an antenna array, and a base station.

[0005] On the one hand, an antenna is provided, which includes a metasurface unit, a radiating unit, a feed balun and a reflector, wherein the radiating unit and the reflector are opposite to and spaced apart from each other along a first direction, the feed balun is located between the radiating unit and the reflector, the metasurface unit is located on the side of the radiating unit away from the reflector, and a gap is provided between the metasurface unit and the radiating unit; the metasurface unit includes a first patch, a second patch and an orthogonal trace, the first patch and the second patch are opposite to each other along the first direction, the orthogonal trace is located between the first patch and the second patch, and a dielectric layer is provided between the first patch and the orthogonal trace, and between the second patch and the orthogonal trace.

[0006] In some embodiments, along the first direction, the distance between the metasurface unit and the radiation unit is [0.05, 0.075]*λ, where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave at the center frequency of the antenna.

[0007] In some embodiments, along the first direction, the distance between the metasurface unit and the radiation unit is greater than or equal to 18.5 mm and less than or equal to 32 mm.

[0008] In some embodiments, the reflecting plate includes a central area and an edge area, the edge area surrounds the central area, the radiation unit is located in the central area on the orthographic projection of the reflecting plate, and the metasurface unit is located in the edge area on at least a portion of the orthographic projection of the reflecting plate.

[0009] In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the metasurface unit on the reflective plate does not overlap with the central area.

[0010] In some embodiments, an orthographic projection of the metasurface unit on the reflective plate and the central area have an overlapping area, and the overlapping area is located at the edge of the central area.

[0011] In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the metasurface unit is located within the range of the reflective plate.

[0012] In some embodiments, the edge of the metasurface unit away from the geometric center of the radiation unit is flush with the outer edge of the reflective plate.

[0013] In some embodiments, the antenna includes a plurality of the metasurface units, and the plurality of the metasurface units are arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner relative to the geometric center of the radiation unit.

[0014] In some embodiments, the plurality of metasurface units form a plurality of metasurface arrays, each of the metasurface arrays includes a plurality of the metasurface units, and the plurality of metasurface arrays are arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner relative to the geometric center of the radiation unit.

[0015] In some embodiments, the plurality of metasurface units within the same metasurface array are arranged along the outer edge of the reflective plate.

[0016] In some embodiments, the multiple metasurface arrays include a first array and a second array, the reflective plate includes a first edge and a second edge relative to each other, the multiple metasurface units in the first array are arranged along the first edge, and the multiple metasurface units in the second array are arranged along the second edge.

[0017] In some embodiments, the multiple metasurface arrays further include a third array and a fourth array, the third array being located between the first array and the geometric center of the radiation unit, and the fourth array being located between the second array and the geometric center of the radiation unit.

[0018] In some embodiments, the reflective plate further includes a third edge and a fourth edge relative to each other, the first edge and the second edge extend along the second direction, and the third edge and the fourth edge extend along the third direction, the metasurface array includes a first unit and a second unit, the first unit is located at the third edge, the second unit is located at the fourth edge, and the metasurface unit is not provided between the first unit and the second unit.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first patch and the second patch are shaped like a square, a circle, a hexagon, an octagon, or an irregular shape; and / or, the orthogonal traces include a first trace and a second trace that are orthogonal and electrically connected.

[0020] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a plurality of parasitic branches, which are arranged at intervals around the periphery of the radiation unit and are symmetrically arranged relative to the geometric center of the radiation unit.

[0021] In some embodiments, the reflective plate includes a first edge, the first edge and the parasitic branch both extend along a second direction, and along the second direction, a length of the parasitic branch is less than or equal to a length of the first edge.

[0022] In some embodiments, the reflective plate further includes a second edge opposite to the first edge, and the parasitic branch includes a first branch and a second branch, the orthographic projection of the first branch on the reflective plate is located at the first edge, and the orthographic projection of the second branch on the reflective plate is located at the second edge.

[0023] In some embodiments, an isolation strip is connected to the side of the first edge and the second edge facing the radiation unit, and the parasitic branch is located between the isolation strip and the super-plane unit.

[0024] In some embodiments, the edge of the parasitic branch facing the metasurface unit is flush with the plane where the radiation unit is located.

[0025] On the other hand, an antenna array is provided, comprising a plurality of the antennas described above, and the plurality of antennas are arranged in an array.

[0026] In some embodiments, a separation wall is provided between two adjacent antennas, and the separation wall is connected to a side of the reflector facing the radiation unit.

[0027] On the other hand, a base station is provided, which includes the antenna or the antenna array.

[0028] The antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a reflector, a radiation unit and a metasurface unit, wherein the metasurface unit is located on the side of the radiation unit away from the reflector, and a gap is provided between the metasurface unit and the radiation unit. The metasurface unit includes a first patch, a second patch and an orthogonal trace, wherein the first patch and the second patch are arranged relative to each other along a first direction, the orthogonal trace is located between the first patch and the second patch, and a dielectric layer is provided between the first patch and the orthogonal trace, and between the second patch and the orthogonal trace. The metasurface unit has high transmittance, and can improve the standing wave, directivity and gain of the antenna, and the distance between the metasurface unit and the radiation unit in the embodiment of the present disclosure is smaller than the distance between the metasurface structure and the radiation unit in the related art, thereby reducing the cross-sectional size of the antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present disclosure. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0030] FIG1 is a perspective schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] FIG2 is a view taken along the direction A of FIG1 ;

[0032] FIG3 is a B-direction view of FIG1 ;

[0033] FIG4 is a perspective schematic diagram of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] FIG5 is a perspective schematic diagram of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] FIG6 is a perspective schematic diagram of an antenna in the related art;

[0036] FIG7 is a standing wave simulation diagram of the antenna shown in FIG6;

[0037] FIG8 is a simulation diagram of the directivity coefficient of the antenna shown in FIG6;

[0038] FIG9 is a vertical plane radiation pattern of the antenna shown in FIG6;

[0039] FIG10 is a horizontal plane radiation pattern of the antenna shown in FIG6;

[0040] FIG11 is a top view of a metasurface unit in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] FIG12 is a cross-sectional view of a metasurface unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] FIG13 shows several possible shapes of the first patch in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] FIG14 shows several possible shapes of orthogonal traces in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] FIG15 is a diagram showing the positional relationship between orthogonal traces and dielectric layers in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] FIG16 is a simulation diagram of the transmission amplitude of the metasurface unit shown in FIG11 ;

[0046] FIG17 is a top view of a reflector according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] FIG18 is a schematic diagram of a projection of a metasurface unit on a reflective plate in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] FIG19 is a schematic diagram of another projection of a metasurface unit on a reflective plate in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] FIG20 is a standing wave simulation diagram of the antenna shown in FIG5 ;

[0050] FIG21 is a simulation diagram of the directivity coefficient of the antenna shown in FIG5 ;

[0051] FIG22 is a vertical plane radiation pattern of the antenna shown in FIG5 ;

[0052] FIG23 is a horizontal plane radiation pattern of the antenna shown in FIG5;

[0053] FIG24 is a top view of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] FIG25 is a D-direction view of FIG24;

[0055] FIG26 is a C-direction view of FIG24;

[0056] FIG27 is a perspective schematic diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0057] FIG28 is a side view of FIG27;

[0058] FIG29 is a standing wave simulation diagram of the antenna shown in FIG27;

[0059] FIG30 is a simulation diagram of the directivity coefficient of the antenna shown in FIG27;

[0060] FIG31 is a vertical plane radiation pattern of the antenna shown in FIG27;

[0061] FIG32 is a horizontal plane radiation pattern of the antenna shown in FIG27;

[0062] FIG33 is a top view of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0063] FIG34 is a standing wave simulation diagram of the antenna shown in FIG33;

[0064] FIG35 is a simulation diagram of the directivity coefficient of the antenna shown in FIG33;

[0065] FIG36 is a vertical plane radiation pattern of the antenna shown in FIG33;

[0066] FIG37 is a horizontal plane radiation pattern of the antenna shown in FIG33;

[0067] FIG38 is a top view of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0068] FIG39 is a standing wave simulation diagram of the antenna shown in FIG38;

[0069] FIG40 is a simulation diagram of the directivity coefficient of the antenna shown in FIG38;

[0070] FIG41 is a vertical plane radiation pattern of the antenna shown in FIG38;

[0071] FIG42 is a horizontal plane radiation pattern of the antenna shown in FIG38;

[0072] FIG43 is a perspective schematic diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0073] FIG44 is a standing wave simulation diagram of the antenna shown in FIG43;

[0074] FIG45 is a simulation diagram of the directivity coefficient of the antenna shown in FIG43;

[0075] FIG46 is a vertical plane radiation pattern of the antenna shown in FIG43;

[0076] FIG47 is a horizontal plane radiation pattern of the antenna shown in FIG43;

[0077] FIG48 is a perspective schematic diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0078] FIG49 is a standing wave simulation diagram of the antenna shown in FIG48;

[0079] FIG50 is a simulation diagram of the directivity coefficient of the antenna shown in FIG48;

[0080] FIG51 is a vertical plane radiation pattern of the antenna shown in FIG48;

[0081] FIG52 is the horizontal plane radiation pattern of the antenna shown in FIG48. Specific embodiments

[0082] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0083] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, words such as "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" are used to distinguish between identical or similar items with substantially the same functions and effects. This is only for the purpose of clearly describing the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features.

[0084] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, “a plurality of” means two or more, and “at least one” means one or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0085] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as “upper” and “lower” are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present disclosure and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present disclosure.

[0086] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna that can be used in a base station as a base station antenna. For example, this antenna can be used in a 700MHz base station, and the operating frequency band of the 700MHz base station is 703MHz to 803MHz, with a center frequency of 753MHz. It should be noted that the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to use in a 700MHz base station, but can also be used in base stations of other operating frequency bands, or in other wireless communication devices other than base stations. The embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit the application scenario of the antenna. For the convenience of description, the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is described in detail below using an antenna applied to a 700MHz base station as an example.

[0087] Figure 1 is a perspective schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 2 is a view taken along the direction A of Figure 1 , and Figure 3 is a view taken along the direction B of Figure 1 . As shown in Figures 1 to 3 , the antenna includes a radiating element 30, a feed balun 20, and a reflector 10. The radiating element 30 and the reflector 10 are arranged opposite and spaced apart along a first direction Z, with the feed balun 20 located between the radiating element 30 and the reflector 10. The feed balun 20 is used to feed power to the radiating element 30, which is used to radiate electromagnetic waves into free space. The reflector 10 is used to reflect the electromagnetic waves emitted by the radiating element 30 to control the radiation direction of the electromagnetic waves.

[0088] The antenna can be a dual-polarized antenna. In this case, the radiation unit 30 can include two pairs of dipoles.

[0089] Exemplarily, continuing to refer to FIGS. 1 and 3, the radiation unit 30 includes four conductive rings, and the four conductive rings are symmetrically arranged around the geometric center O of the radiation unit 30, so that the four conductive rings are arranged in a "field" shape. Two adjacent conductive rings along the inclined direction shown in FIG. 3 (two conductive rings located at the diagonals of the "field") form a pair of dipoles, and the remaining two conductive rings form another pair of dipoles. The midlines of the two pairs of dipoles are orthogonal and both pass through the geometric center O of the radiation unit 30.

[0090] Among them, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the shape of the conductive ring is taken as an example of a chamfered square for illustration. In actual application, the shape of the conductive ring can also be an ellipse, a hexagon, an octagon, etc. The embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the shape of the conductive ring.

[0091] In actual application, the conductive ring can be made of metal materials such as copper and aluminum.

[0092] Exemplarily, the radiation unit 30 further includes a substrate, and the four conductive rings are arranged on the surface of the substrate. For example, the four conductive rings are arranged on the surface of the substrate away from the radiation plate. The substrate can be made of an insulating material, and the substrate is used to support and connect the four conductive rings. When preparing the radiation unit 30, four conductive rings can be formed on the surface of the substrate through a patterning process.

[0093] Among them, the tangent of the dielectric loss angle of the substrate can be 0.0013, and the relative dielectric constant of the substrate can be 3. For example, the substrate can adopt Rogers RO3003 material. The thickness of the substrate can be 0.762 mm.

[0094] Exemplarily, the radiation aperture of the radiation unit 30 is 0.28λ to 0.4λ, such as 0.28λ, 0.3λ, 0.32λ, 0.35λ, 0.38λ, 0.4λ, etc., where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave at the center frequency point of the antenna. When the center frequency point of the antenna is 753 MHz, the radiation aperture of the radiation unit 30 is 112 mm to 160 mm, for example, the radiation aperture is 137 mm.

[0095] The reflector 10 can be made of metal materials such as copper and aluminum.

[0096] Exemplarily, the orthographic projection of the geometric center O of the radiation unit 30 on the reflector 10 is located at the geometric center of the reflector 10.

[0097] Exemplarily, the reflector 10 is rectangular in shape, has a length of 0.75λ to 0.9λ, a width of 0.55λ to 0.7λ, and a thickness of 1.5mm to 3.5mm. For example, the reflector 10 has a size of 340mm*260**2mm.

[0098] The feeding balun 20 is used to feed power to the radiating element 30. For example, the feeding balun 20 feeds power to the radiating element 30 in a coupled feeding manner.

[0099] The height d2 of the feed balun 20 is 0.18λ to 0.24λ. For example, the height d2 of the feed balun 20 is 80 mm.

[0100] Exemplarily, the feed balun 20 includes two orthogonal substrates, on which traces are formed, and the traces are coupled to the radiation unit 30 for feeding.

[0101] Figure 4 is a perspective schematic diagram of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 4, the antenna may further include an isolation strip 60. The isolation strip 60 is made of a conductive material (e.g., a metal material such as copper or aluminum) and is located outside the radiating element 30. When the antenna forms an antenna array, the isolation strip 60 can improve the isolation of the antenna.

[0102] In practical applications, the antenna may include a plurality of isolation strips 60 , which are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the radiation unit 30 . For example, the plurality of isolation strips 60 are symmetrically arranged relative to the geometric center O of the radiation unit 30 .

[0103] For example, with continued reference to FIG4 , when the reflector 10 is rectangular, the reflector 10 includes a first edge 1 and a second edge 2 that are opposite to each other, and the antenna includes two isolation strips 60, one of which is connected to the first edge 1 and the other is connected to the second edge 2. The first edge 1 and the second edge 2 can be the long sides of the rectangular reflector 10 or the short sides of the rectangular reflector 10.

[0104] The isolation strip 60 may be connected to the reflective plate 10 , for example, the isolation strip 60 is connected to a side of the reflective plate 10 facing the radiation unit 30 .

[0105] Illustratively, the reflective plate 10 is provided with an inserting port, the isolation strip 60 is inserted into the inserting port to achieve positioning of the isolation strip 60, and then the isolation strip 60 and the reflective plate 10 are connected by screws to achieve fixation of the isolation strip 60.

[0106] Of course, the isolation strip 60 can also be fixedly connected to the reflective plate 10 in other ways. For example, the isolation strip 60 and the reflective plate 10 are connected by welding. For another example, when the isolation strip 60 and the reflective plate 10 are made of the same material, the isolation strip 60 and the reflective plate 10 are integrally formed, and the edge of the reflective plate 10 is bent to form the isolation strip 60.

[0107] The length of the isolation strip 60 (the dimension along the third direction Y shown in FIG4 ) can be equal to the length of the first edge 1, or less than the length of the first edge 1, or greater than the length of the first edge 1. The height of the isolation strip 60 can be 20 mm to 35 mm, for example, the height of the isolation strip 60 is any value selected from 20 mm, 22 mm, 25 mm, 28 mm, 30 mm, and 35 mm, or a value within a range consisting of any two values.

[0108] In actual application, a suitable height value of the isolation strip 60 can be selected according to parameters such as the antenna gain, front-to-back ratio, and cross-polarization ratio.

[0109] Figure 5 is a perspective schematic diagram of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 5, in addition to the antenna shown in Figure 4, the antenna may further include a radome 70. This radome 70 is located on the side of the radiating element 30 away from the reflector 10 and is used to protect the antenna components, including the radiating element 30, the feed balun 20, and the reflector 10. In actual use, the radome 70 may completely cover the other antenna components, with a gap between the radome 70 and the radiating element 30.

[0110] For example, the dielectric loss tangent of the radome 70 is 0.002, and the relative dielectric constant of the radome 70 is 3. For example, the material of the radome 70 is Arlon AD300A. The thickness of the radome 70 may be 3 mm.

[0111] Figure 6 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna in the related art, Figure 7 is a simulation diagram of a standing wave of the antenna shown in Figure 6, Figure 8 is a simulation diagram of the directivity coefficient of the antenna shown in Figure 6, Figure 9 is a vertical radiation pattern of the antenna shown in Figure 6, and Figure 10 is a horizontal radiation pattern of the antenna shown in Figure 6. The vertical plane is the YZ plane shown in Figure 6, and the horizontal plane is the XZ plane shown in Figure 6.

[0112] As shown in FIG. 6, the antenna in the related art includes a reflector 10, an isolation strip 60, a feed balun 20, a radiation unit 30, and an antenna cover 70. Among them, the size of the reflector 10 is 340 mm * 260 mm * 2 mm, the size of the isolation strip 60 is 260 mm * 35 mm, the height of the feed balun 20 (the dimension along the first direction Z) is 80 mm, the conductive ring in the radiation unit 30 is in a "field" shape and is chamfered, the radiation aperture is 137 mm, the materials of the substrate in the radiation unit 30 and the carrier board in the feed balun 20 are both Rogers RO3003 with a thickness of 0.762 mm, and the material of the antenna cover 70 is Arlon AD300A with a thickness of 3 mm.

[0113] As shown in FIG. 7, the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the antenna shown in FIG. 6 is less than 1.35. As shown in FIG. 8, the directivity coefficient D of the antenna shown in FIG. 6 is from 8.45 dBi to 8.79 dBi, and the gain is from 8.37 dBi to 8.66 dBi. As shown in FIG. 9, the vertical plane wave width of the antenna shown in FIG. 6 is from 73° to 75°. As shown in FIG. 10, the horizontal plane wave width of the antenna shown in FIG. 6 is from 62° to 66°.

[0114] As can be seen from FIGS. 6 to 10, the performance of the antenna in the related art (such as standing wave, directivity, and gain) cannot well meet the requirements for antennas at the present stage.

[0115] In order to improve the performance of the antenna, an antenna provided with a metasurface structure is proposed in the related art. That is, a metasurface structure is provided on the side of the radiation unit 30 away from the reflector 10, and there is a gap between the metasurface structure and the radiation unit 30 (for example, the spacing between the metasurface structure and the radiation unit 30 along the first direction Z is from λ / 4 to λ / 3). Although setting the metasurface structure improves the performance of the antenna, it will cause an increase in the profile size of the antenna, which is not conducive to the miniaturization and integration of the antenna.

[0116] In view of this, continuing to refer to FIGS. 1 to 5, the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a metasurface unit 40. The metasurface unit 40 is located on the side of the radiation unit 30 away from the reflector 10, and there is a gap between the metasurface unit 40 and the radiation unit 30. The metasurface unit 40 can improve the standing wave, directivity, and gain of the antenna, and the distance between the metasurface unit 40 and the radiation unit 30 is less than the distance between the metasurface structure and the radiation unit 30 in the related art. That is, the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure reduces the profile size of the antenna on the premise of improving the standing wave, directivity, and gain of the antenna.

[0117] FIG11 is a top view of a metasurface unit 40 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG12 is a cross-sectional view of a metasurface unit 40 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG11 and FIG12 , the metasurface unit 40 includes a first patch 41, a second patch 43, and an orthogonal trace 42. The first patch 41 and the second patch 43 are arranged relative to each other along a first direction Z. The orthogonal trace 42 is located between the first patch 41 and the second patch 43. A dielectric layer 44 is provided between the first patch 41 and the orthogonal trace 42, and between the second patch 43 and the orthogonal trace 42. In FIG11 , the orthogonal trace 42 is blocked by the dielectric layer 44 and the first patch 41, and therefore the orthogonal trace 42 is represented by a dotted line.

[0118] The first patch 41 is a thin conductive sheet and can be made of a conductive material, such as a metal material such as copper or aluminum. For example, the first patch 41 can be formed by depositing a metal material on the dielectric layer 44 .

[0119] Figure 13 shows several possible shapes for the first patch 41 in the disclosed embodiment. As shown in Figures 13 (a) to (d), the shape of the first patch 41 can be a square, circle, hexagon, octagon, or other centrally symmetrical shape. Of course, the shape of the first patch 41 can also be other irregular shapes. When the shape of the first patch 41 is an irregular shape, the first patch 41 can be a centrally symmetrical shape or a non-centrally symmetrical shape.

[0120] 11 , the edge of the first patch 41 can be retracted relative to the edge of the dielectric layer 44 by a certain distance D to meet the requirements of high transmittance design. In practical applications, the distance D can be flexibly set according to actual needs.

[0121] The geometric center of the first patch 41 may coincide with the geometric center of the dielectric layer 44. For example, when both the first patch 41 and the dielectric layer 44 are square, the intersection of the two diagonals of the first patch 41 coincides with the intersection of the two diagonals of the dielectric layer 44. For another example, when the first patch 41 is circular and the dielectric layer 44 is square, the center of the first patch 41 coincides with the intersection of the two diagonals of the dielectric layer 44.

[0122] Exemplarily, the first patch 41 and the dielectric layer 44 are both square, and two diagonal lines of the first patch 41 coincide with two diagonal lines of the dielectric layer 44 .

[0123] For example, when the first patch 41 is square, the side length of the first patch 41 may be 0.8 to 0.9 times the side length of the dielectric layer 44. For example, the size of the first patch 41 is 72 mm*72 mm; when the first patch 41 is circular, the diameter of the first patch 41 is 72 mm.

[0124] Exemplarily, the thickness of the first patch 41 is 17 μm or 35 μm.

[0125] The dielectric layer 44 may be made of a dielectric material, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 44 may be 2 to 6. For example, the material of the dielectric layer 44 may be a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) substrate, a glass substrate, or the like. For example, the material of the dielectric layer 44 is NY6200ANT, which has a relative dielectric constant of 4.38 and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.0065.

[0126] The dielectric layer 44 includes a first dielectric layer 44a and a second dielectric layer 44b. The first dielectric layer 44a is located between the first patch 41 and the orthogonal trace 42, and the second dielectric layer 44b is located between the second patch 43 and the orthogonal trace 42. The material, shape, and size of the first dielectric layer 44a and the second dielectric layer 44b can be the same or different. In the disclosed embodiment, the first dielectric layer 44a and the second dielectric layer 44b are provided with the same material, shape, and size.

[0127] The shape of the first dielectric layer 44 a may be the same as or different from the shape of the first patch 41 .

[0128] Illustratively, when the dielectric layer 44 is rectangular, the side length of the dielectric layer 44 may be 0.15λ to 0.3λ, such as 0.15λ, 0.18λ, 0.2λ, 0.25λ, 0.28λ, or 0.3λ.

[0129] Illustratively, the thickness of the first dielectric layer 44a and the second dielectric layer 44b is 0.5 mm to 2 mm, such as any value among 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.8 mm, 2 mm, or a value in a range consisting of any two values.

[0130] Exemplarily, the first dielectric layer 44 a and the second dielectric layer 44 b are square in shape and have a size of 80 mm*80 mm. The thickness of the first dielectric layer 44 a and the second dielectric layer 44 b are both 1.016 mm.

[0131] The orthogonal traces 42 are located between the first dielectric layer 44a and the second dielectric layer 44b. The orthogonal traces 42 include a first trace 42a and a second trace 42b located in the same plane. The first trace 42a and the second trace 42b are orthogonal and electrically connected. The orthogonal traces 42 can improve the transmittance of the metasurface unit 40.

[0132] FIG14 illustrates several possible shapes of the orthogonal traces 42 in the disclosed embodiment. As shown in FIG14(e), the orthogonal traces 42 can be in the shape of a cross, where the first trace 42a and the second trace 42b are orthogonal to each other at their midpoint and electrically connected. As shown in FIG14(f), based on FIG14(e), arrows are provided at both ends of the first trace 42a and the second trace 42b. Of course, the orthogonal traces 42 can also be other variations of the above-mentioned (e) and (f), which will not be listed here. It is sufficient that the orthogonal traces 42 include the first trace 42a and the second trace 42b that are orthogonal to each other at their midpoint and electrically connected.

[0133] FIG15 is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the orthogonal traces 42 and the dielectric layer 44 in the embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG15 , the ends of the first trace 42a and the second trace 42b in the orthogonal trace 42 can be flush with the edge of the dielectric layer 44 to facilitate the preparation of the orthogonal trace 42. Of course, the ends of the first trace 42a and the second trace 42b can be retracted a certain distance relative to the edge of the dielectric layer 44.

[0134] Exemplarily, when the dielectric layer 44 is in a square shape, the ends of the first trace 42 a and the second trace 42 b are located at the midpoint of the edge of the dielectric layer 44 .

[0135] The orthographic projection of the first patch 41 on the dielectric layer 44 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the orthogonal trace 42 on the dielectric layer 44. For example, with continued reference to FIG11 , the geometric center of the first patch 41 coincides with the geometric center of the orthogonal trace 42.

[0136] The orthogonal traces 42 may be made of a conductive material, such as a metal material such as copper, aluminum, etc. For example, the orthogonal traces 42 may be formed by depositing a metal material on the dielectric layer 44 .

[0137] The width of the first and second traces 42a, 42b can be 2 mm to 10 mm. For example, the width of the first and second traces 42a, 42b can be any value selected from 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, and 10 mm, or a range consisting of any two values. In practical applications, the width of the first and second traces 42a, 42b can be selected based on the transmittance of the metasurface unit 40.

[0138] By way of example, the thickness of the orthogonal trace 42 may be 17 μm or 35 μm.

[0139] The second patch 43 is a thin conductive sheet and can be made of a conductive material, such as a metal material such as copper or aluminum. For example, the second patch 43 can be formed by depositing a metal material on the dielectric layer 44 .

[0140] The shape of the second patch 43 can be a centrally symmetrical shape such as a square, a circle, a hexagon, an octagon, etc. Of course, the shape of the second patch 43 can also be other irregular shapes. When the shape of the second patch 43 is an irregular shape, the second patch 43 can be a centrally symmetrical shape or a non-centrally symmetrical shape.

[0141] The edge of the second patch 43 can be retracted a certain distance relative to the edge of the dielectric layer 44 to meet the requirements of high transmittance design. In actual application, the distance can be flexibly set according to actual needs.

[0142] The geometric center of the second patch 43 may coincide with the geometric center of the dielectric layer 44. For example, when the second patch 43 and the dielectric layer 44 are both square, the intersection of the two diagonals of the second patch 43 coincides with the intersection of the two diagonals of the dielectric layer 44. For another example, when the second patch 43 is circular and the dielectric layer 44 is square, the center of the second patch 43 coincides with the intersection of the two diagonals of the dielectric layer 44.

[0143] Exemplarily, the second patch 43 and the dielectric layer 44 are both square, and two diagonal lines of the second patch 43 coincide with two diagonal lines of the dielectric layer 44 .

[0144] For example, when the second patch 43 is square, the side length of the second patch 43 may be 0.8 to 0.9 times the side length of the dielectric layer 44. For example, the size of the second patch 43 is 72 mm*72 mm; when the second patch 43 is circular, the diameter of the second patch 43 is 72 mm.

[0145] Exemplarily, the thickness of the second patch 43 is 17 μm or 35 μm.

[0146] The material, shape, and thickness of the second patch 43 and the first patch 41 may be the same or different.

[0147] Exemplarily, when the first patch 41 and the second patch 43 have the same shape, the orthographic projections of the first patch 41 and the second patch 43 on the dielectric layer 44 completely overlap.

[0148] FIG16 is a simulation diagram of the transmission amplitude of the metasurface unit 40 shown in FIG11 . The parameters of the metasurface unit 40 during the simulation are as follows: the first dielectric layer 44 a and the second dielectric layer 44 b are made of NY6200ANT and have dimensions of 80 mm*80 mm*1.016 mm; the first patch 41 and the second patch 43 are made of copper, have a thickness of 35 μm, and have dimensions of 72 mm*72 mm; and the first trace 42 a and the second trace 42 b are made of copper, have a thickness of 35 μm, and have a width of 2 mm.

[0149] As shown in Figure 16, in the 703MHz to 803MHz frequency band, the transmission amplitude MagS21 of the metasurface unit 40 is 0.8 to 0.98. Therefore, the metasurface unit 40 has high transmittance, which is beneficial to improving the gain of the antenna.

[0150] The antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a reflector 10, a radiating unit 30, and a metasurface unit 40. The metasurface unit 40 is located on a side of the radiating unit 30 away from the reflector 10, and a gap is provided between the metasurface unit 40 and the radiating unit 30. The metasurface unit 40 includes a first patch 41, a second patch 43, and an orthogonal trace 42. The first patch 41 and the second patch 43 are arranged relative to each other along a first direction Z. The orthogonal trace 42 is located between the first patch 41 and the second patch 43. A dielectric layer 44 is provided between the first patch 41 and the orthogonal trace 42, and between the second patch 43 and the orthogonal trace 42. The metasurface unit 40 can improve the standing wave, directivity, and gain of the antenna. Compared with the antenna in the related art, the distance between the metasurface unit 40 and the radiating unit 30 is smaller than the distance between the metasurface structure and the radiating unit 30, thereby reducing the cross-sectional size of the antenna.

[0151] Continuing with FIG. 2 , in some embodiments, along the first direction Z, the distance d1 between the metasurface unit 40 and the radiating unit 30 is [0.05, 0.075]*λ, where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave at the center frequency of the antenna. For example, the distance d1 between the metasurface unit 40 and the radiating unit 30 is any value selected from 0.05λ, 0.055λ, 0.06λ, 0.065λ, 0.07λ, and 0.075λ, or a value within a range consisting of any two values.

[0152] For example, the center frequency of the antenna is 753 MHz, and the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave at the center frequency is 400 mm, so the distance between the metasurface unit 40 and the radiation unit 30 is 20 mm to 30 mm.

[0153] 2 , in some embodiments, along the first direction Z, the distance d1 between the metasurface unit 40 and the radiation unit 30 is greater than or equal to 18.5 mm and less than or equal to 32 mm. For example, the distance d1 between the metasurface unit 40 and the radiation unit 30 is any value selected from 18.5 mm, 19 mm, 20 mm, 22 mm, 25 mm, 28 mm, 30 mm, and 32 mm, or a value within a range consisting of any two of these values.

[0154] Figure 17 is a top view of a reflector 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The area within the dashed box is the central area 10a, and the area between the dashed box and the outer edge of the reflector 10 is the edge area 10b. As shown in Figure 17, in some embodiments, the reflector 10 includes a central area 10a and an edge area 10b. The orthographic projection of the radiation unit 30 on the reflector 10 is located in the central area 10a, and the edge area 10b surrounds the central area 10a.

[0155] The central region 10a and the edge region 10b are two virtual regions demarcated on the reflector 10, and there may be no structural boundary between them. For example, the region enclosed by the outer edges of the orthographic projections of the radiation units 30 on the reflector 10 is the central region 10a, and the region between the outer edges of the central region 10a and the outer edges of the reflector 10 is the edge region 10b. In other words, the orthographic projections of the radiation units 30 on the reflector 10 are all located within the central region 10a.

[0156] For example, with continued reference to FIG17 , when the radiation unit 30 is a square, the central area 10 a is a square, and the edge area 10 b is a “mouth” shape.

[0157] When at least part of the metasurface unit 40's orthographic projection on the reflector 10 is located in the center area 10a, there is an overlap between the metasurface unit 40 and the radiating element 30, causing the metasurface unit 40 to block the radiating element 30, reducing the antenna gain. The larger the area of ​​the metasurface unit 40's orthographic projection on the reflector 10 located in the center area 10a, the more the metasurface unit 40 blocks the radiating element 30, and the lower the antenna gain.

[0158] Compared with the case where the orthographic projection of the metasurface unit 40 on the reflector 10 is completely located in the central area 10a, when at least part of the orthographic projection of the metasurface unit 40 on the reflector 10 is located in the edge area 10b, the shielding of the radiation unit 30 by the metasurface unit 40 is reduced, thereby improving the gain of the antenna.

[0159] When at least a portion of the orthographic projection of the metasurface unit 40 on the reflector 10 is located in the edge region 10b, the remaining portion of the orthographic projection of the metasurface unit 40 on the reflector 10 may be located in the edge region 10b or in the center region 10a. That is, the orthographic projection of the metasurface unit 40 on the reflector 10 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the radiation unit 30 on the reflector 10, or only partially overlaps.

[0160] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of a projection of the super surface unit 40 on the reflective plate 10 in an embodiment of the present disclosure. The area within the dotted box in Figure 18 is the central area 10a, the area between the dotted box and the outer edge of the reflective plate 10 is the edge area 10b, and the gray-filled area is the positive projection of the super surface unit 40 on the reflective plate 10.

[0161] As shown in Figure 18, in some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the metasurface unit 40 on the reflector 10 does not overlap with the central region 10a. That is, the orthographic projection of the metasurface unit 40 on the reflector 10 is completely within the edge region 10b. In this case, there is no overlapping area between the metasurface unit 40 and the radiating element 30, which reduces the shielding effect of the metasurface unit 40 on the radiating element 30 and improves the gain of the antenna.

[0162] In practical applications, the orthographic projection of the metasurface unit 40 on the reflective plate 10 can be as close as possible to the edge of the reflective plate 10 , thereby reducing the shielding of the radiation path of the radiation unit 30 by the metasurface unit 40 .

[0163] Figure 19 is another projection schematic diagram of the super surface unit 40 on the reflective plate 10 in an embodiment of the present disclosure. The area within the dotted box in Figure 19 is the central area 10a, the area between the dotted box and the outer edge of the reflective plate 10 is the edge area 10b, the gray-filled area is a partial area of ​​the orthographic projection of the super surface unit 40 on the reflective plate 10, and the square-filled area is the area where the orthographic projection of the super surface unit 40 on the reflective plate 10 overlaps with the central area 10a.

[0164] When the orthographic projection of the metasurface unit 40 on the reflector 10 overlaps with the central area 10a, the metasurface unit 40 and the radiating element 30 overlap, affecting the antenna gain. Therefore, as shown in FIG19 , when the orthographic projection of the metasurface unit 40 on the reflector 10 overlaps with the central area 10a, the overlapping area is located at the edge of the central area 10a. This reduces the overlap between the metasurface unit 40 and the radiating element 30, thereby improving the antenna gain.

[0165] Here, the overlapping area being located at the edge of the central area 10a means that the overlapping area is within the central area 10a and close to the edge of the central area 10a. For example, the smaller the size of the overlapping area along the second direction X, the closer the overlapping area is to the edge of the central area 10a.

[0166] Continuing to refer to Figures 18 and 19, the orthographic projection of the metasurface unit 40 on the reflector 10 can be located within the range of the reflector 10, which reduces the projection size of the antenna in the XY plane and is conducive to miniaturization of the antenna.

[0167] Continuing with reference to FIG18 , in some embodiments, the edge of the metasurface unit 40 that is away from the geometric center of the radiating unit 30 is flush with the outer edge of the reflector 10. In this case, provided that the orthographic projection of the metasurface unit 40 on the reflector 10 is within the range of the reflector 10, the distance between the metasurface unit 40 and the radiating unit 30 is the farthest, which can reduce the shielding of the radiating unit 30 by the metasurface unit 40, thereby improving the gain of the antenna.

[0168] Figure 19 is a top view of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 19 , the antenna may include multiple metasurface units 40, which are arranged centrally and symmetrically with respect to the geometric center O of the radiating unit 30. Figure 19 illustrates two metasurface units 40 as an example. In actual applications, the number of metasurface units 40 may also be four, six, eight, ten, twelve, etc. The embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit the number of metasurface units 40.

[0169] The metasurface unit 40 is arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner relative to the geometric center O of the radiation unit 30, so that the environment of the radiation unit 30 in the left and right directions shown in Figure 19 can remain consistent, thereby improving the symmetry of the antenna.

[0170] Continuing with reference to Figures 1, 3, 4, 18, and 19, in some embodiments, multiple metasurface units 40 form multiple metasurface arrays, each metasurface array including multiple metasurface units 40, and the multiple metasurface arrays are arranged centrally and symmetrically with respect to the geometric center O of the radiating element 30. The multiple metasurface units 40 forming multiple metasurface arrays can improve the standing wave of the antenna and enhance the directivity coefficient and gain.

[0171] The metasurface array may be a linear array, that is, a plurality of metasurface units 40 in the metasurface array are arranged at intervals along a line.

[0172] For example, a plurality of metasurface units 40 form two 1*3 metasurface arrays. 1*3 means that the metasurface array includes a column of metasurface units 40, each of which includes three metasurface units 40 spaced apart along the third direction Y. One of the 1*3 metasurface arrays is located on one side of the radiation unit 30, and the other 1*3 metasurface array is located on the other side of the radiation unit 30.

[0173] Continuing with FIG18 , in some embodiments, multiple metasurface units 40 within the same metasurface array are arranged along the outer edge of the reflector 10. Under the premise that the orthographic projection of the metasurface unit 40 on the reflector 10 is within the range of the reflector 10, the multiple metasurface units 40 are arranged along the edge of the reflector 10, so that the distance between the metasurface unit 40 and the radiating unit 30 is relatively large, which can reduce the shielding of the radiating unit 30 by the metasurface unit 40, thereby improving the gain of the antenna.

[0174] For example, continuing to refer to Figure 3, the multiple metasurface arrays include a first array A1 and a second array A2, the reflective plate 10 includes a first edge 1 and a second edge 2 relative to each other, the multiple metasurface units 40 in the first array A1 are arranged along the first edge 1, and the multiple metasurface units 40 in the second array A2 are arranged along the second edge 2.

[0175] For example, the first array A1 includes three metasurface units 40 spaced apart along the first edge 1, and the second array A2 includes three metasurface units 40 spaced apart along the second edge 2. In this case, the orthographic projection of the metasurface array on the reflector 10 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the radiation unit 30 on the reflector 10.

[0176] Figure 20 is a simulation diagram of the standing wave of the antenna shown in Figure 5, Figure 21 is a simulation diagram of the directivity coefficient of the antenna shown in Figure 5, Figure 22 is the vertical radiation pattern of the antenna shown in Figure 5, and Figure 23 is the horizontal radiation pattern of the antenna shown in Figure 5. The difference between the antenna shown in Figure 5 and the antenna shown in Figure 6 is that the antenna shown in Figure 5 is equipped with two 1*3 metasurface arrays, and the distance d1 between the metasurface unit 40 and the radiating unit 30 is 20 mm.

[0177] As shown in Figures 20 to 23, the standing wave VSWR is less than 1.30, the directivity coefficient D is 8.75dBi-8.84dBi, the gain is 8.53dBi-8.70dBi, the vertical wave width is 71° to 74°, and the horizontal wave width is 55° to 62°. Compared with the simulated structure of the antenna shown in Figure 6, it can be seen that the high-frequency standing wave of the antenna shown in Figure 5 is significantly improved, and the directivity coefficient D is also improved. For example, at 703MHz, the directivity coefficient D increases by 0.29dB and the gain increases by 0.16dB.

[0178] Figure 24 is a top view of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 25 is a view taken along the direction D of Figure 24 , and Figure 26 is a view taken along the direction C of Figure 24 . As shown in Figures 24 to 26 , the antenna may further include parasitic stubs 50, which are made of a conductive material (e.g., a metal material such as copper or aluminum) and are located outside the radiating element 30. The parasitic stubs 50 can interact with the radiating element 30 to improve the antenna's directivity and gain.

[0179] In practical applications, the antenna may include a plurality of parasitic branches 50 , which are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the radiation unit 30 . For example, the plurality of parasitic branches 50 are symmetrically arranged relative to the geometric center O of the radiation unit 30 .

[0180] For example, with continued reference to FIG25 , when the reflector 10 is rectangular, the reflector 10 includes a first edge 1 and a second edge 2 that are opposite to each other, and the antenna includes two parasitic branches 50, one of which is located above the first edge 1 and the other of which is located above the second edge 2. The first edge 1 and the second edge 2 can be the long sides or the short sides of the rectangular reflector 10.

[0181] The parasitic branch 50 may be connected to the reflector 10 , for example, the parasitic branch 50 is connected to a side of the reflector 10 facing the radiation unit 30 .

[0182] For example, the antenna may further include a fixing bracket, one end of which is used to fix the parasitic branch 50, and the other end of which is connected to the reflector 10. For example, the reflector 10 is provided with an insertion port, and the other end of the fixing bracket is inserted into the insertion port to position the fixing bracket, and then the fixing bracket and the reflector 10 are connected by screws to fix the fixing bracket.

[0183] Of course, the parasitic branch 50 can also be fixed in other ways, for example, the parasitic branch 50 is connected to the radome 70, or the parasitic branch 50 is connected to the radiation unit 30. The embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit the fixing method of the parasitic branch 50.

[0184] The extending direction of the parasitic stub 50 may be the same as the extending direction of the first edge 1. For example, both the first edge 1 and the parasitic stub 50 extend along the third direction Y.

[0185] 25 and 26 , the length L1 of the parasitic stub 50 can be equal to the length L2 of the first edge 1, or the length L1 of the parasitic stub 50 can be less than the length L2 of the first edge 1. When the length L2 of the parasitic stub 50 is less than the length L2 of the first edge 1, when the antennas form an antenna array, the parasitic stubs 50 in different antennas are less likely to short-circuit.

[0186] For example, the length L1 of the parasitic stub 50 may be 0.95 to 0.98 times the length L2 of the first edge 1, that is, L1 = (0.95-0.98) * L2. For example, the length L1 of the parasitic stub 50 is 255 mm.

[0187] Exemplarily, the height H2 of the parasitic branch 50 is 5 mm to 15 mm, for example, the height H2 of the parasitic branch 50 is any value among 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm, 14 mm, 15 mm, or a value in a range consisting of any two values.

[0188] In actual application, a suitable height value H2 of the parasitic branch 50 may be selected according to the performance requirements of the antenna.

[0189] 25 , in some embodiments, the parasitic branch 50 may include a first branch 51 and a second branch 52 , wherein the orthographic projection of the first branch 51 on the reflective plate 10 is located at the first edge 1 , and the orthographic projection of the second branch 52 on the reflective plate 10 is located at the second edge 2 .

[0190] A gap needs to be provided between the parasitic branch 50 and the radiating unit 30. When the orthographic projections of the first branch 51 and the second branch 52 on the reflector 10 are located at the edge of the reflector 10, the projection size of the antenna in the XY plane is reduced while ensuring that there is a gap between the parasitic branch 50 and the radiating unit 30.

[0191] 24 and 25 , the parasitic branch 50 is positioned between the isolation strip 60 and the metasurface unit, and a gap is provided between the parasitic branch 50 and the metasurface unit 40, as well as between the parasitic branch 50 and the isolation strip 60. Placing the parasitic branch 50 between the isolation strip 60 and the metasurface unit 40 fully utilizes the internal space of the antenna, making the antenna more compact and smaller in size.

[0192] Continuing to refer to FIG. 25 , in some embodiments, the edge of the parasitic branch 50 facing the metasurface unit 40 is flush with the plane where the radiation unit 30 is located, which can improve the gain of the antenna.

[0193] The "flush" here means roughly flush, and the edge of the parasitic branch 50 facing the metasurface unit 40 and the plane where the radiation unit 30 is located may also have a small size offset, for example, the offset distance is less than or equal to 2 mm.

[0194] FIG27 is a perspective schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG28 is a side view of FIG27 . As shown in FIG27 and FIG28 , the antenna may further include an antenna cover 70, which is located on a side of the metasurface unit 40 away from the reflector 10. The distance d2 between the antenna cover 70 and the metasurface unit 40 may be greater than or equal to 5 mm. For example, the distance d2 between the antenna cover 70 and the metasurface unit 40 is any value selected from 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, and 10 mm, or a value within a range consisting of any two values.

[0195] Exemplarily, as shown in FIG28 , the cross-sectional size of the antenna (the size along the first direction Z) can be 0.25λ to 0.3λ. For example, the size of the antenna along the first direction Z is 103.5 mm. Compared with the antenna in the related art, the cross-sectional size of the antenna is reduced.

[0196] Figure 29 is a simulation diagram of the standing wave of the antenna shown in Figure 27, Figure 30 is a simulation diagram of the directivity coefficient of the antenna shown in Figure 27, Figure 31 is a vertical radiation pattern of the antenna shown in Figure 27, and Figure 32 is a horizontal radiation pattern of the antenna shown in Figure 27. The simulation parameters for the antenna shown in Figure 27 differ from those for the antenna shown in Figure 5 in that the antenna shown in Figure 27 includes two parasitic branches 50, with a length L1 of 255 mm and a height H2 of 10 mm. All other parameters remain the same.

[0197] As shown in Figures 29 to 32, the standing wave VSWR of the antenna shown in Figure 27 is less than 1.20, the directivity coefficient D is 8.82dBi to 8.24dBi, the gain is 8.62dBi to 9.09dBi, the vertical surface wave width is 70° to 73°, and the horizontal surface wave width is 54° to 60°. It can be seen that the standing wave of the antenna has been improved (especially in the low-frequency band) and the directivity coefficient D has been further improved. Compared with the antenna in the related art shown in Figure 6, the standing wave of the antenna has been improved from VSWR<1.35 to VSWR<1.2, the directivity coefficient D of the antenna unit has been increased by 0.37dB to 0.45dB, and the corresponding gain has been increased by 0.25dB to 0.43dB.

[0198] Figure 33 is a top view of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 33, the first array A1 and the second array A2 may also include two metasurface units 40. For example, the middle metasurface unit 40 in the aforementioned 1*3 metasurface array can be removed to obtain a 1*2 metasurface array. This can reduce the shielding of the radiating element 30 by the metasurface array.

[0199] Exemplarily, the reflective plate 10 includes a third edge 3 and a fourth edge 4 relative to each other, the first edge 1 and the second edge 2 extend along the second direction X, the third edge 3 and the fourth edge 4 extend along the third direction Y, and the metasurface array includes a first unit and a second unit, the first unit is located at the third edge 3, the second unit is located at the fourth edge 4, and no metasurface unit 40 is provided between the first unit and the second unit.

[0200] Exemplarily, at this time, the distance d1 between the metasurface unit 40 and the radiation unit 30 is 25 mm.

[0201] Figure 34 is a simulation diagram of the standing wave of the antenna shown in Figure 33, Figure 35 is a simulation diagram of the directivity coefficient of the antenna shown in Figure 33, Figure 36 is the vertical radiation pattern of the antenna shown in Figure 33, and Figure 37 is the horizontal radiation pattern of the antenna shown in Figure 33. The simulation parameters of the antenna shown in Figure 33 are roughly the same as those of the antenna shown in Figure 27, with the difference that the metasurface unit 40 located in the middle of the metasurface array is removed from the antenna shown in Figure 33, and the distance between the metasurface unit 40 and the radiating unit 30 is changed from 20 mm to 25 mm. All other conditions remain the same.

[0202] As shown in Figures 34 to 37, the antenna's standing wave VSWR is less than 1.29, the directivity coefficient D ranges from 8.85dBi to 9.18dBi, the gain ranges from 8.75dBi to 9.07dBi, the vertical wave width ranges from 69° to 72°, and the horizontal wave width ranges from 55° to 60°. This shows that using the metasurface array shown in Figure 33 can improve standing waves, while simultaneously increasing the directivity coefficient D by 0.38dB to 0.4dB and the gain by 0.36dB to 0.41dB.

[0203] FIG38 is a top view of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG38 , in some embodiments, the plurality of metasurface arrays further include a third array A3 and a fourth array A4, wherein the third array A3 is located between the first array A1 and the geometric center O of the radiating element 30, and the fourth array A4 is located between the second array A2 and the geometric center O of the radiating element 30.

[0204] Exemplarily, at this time, the distance d1 between the metasurface unit 40 and the radiation unit 30 is 20 mm.

[0205] Exemplarily, the orthographic projections of the first array A1 and the second array A2 on the reflective plate 10 do not overlap with the central area 10a, and the orthographic projections of the third array A3 and the fourth array A4 on the reflective plate 10 partially overlap with the central area 10a, and the overlapping area is located at the edge of the central area 10a.

[0206] Figure 39 is a simulation diagram of the standing wave of the antenna shown in Figure 38, Figure 40 is a simulation diagram of the directivity coefficient of the antenna shown in Figure 38, Figure 41 is the vertical radiation pattern of the antenna shown in Figure 38, and Figure 42 is the horizontal radiation pattern of the antenna shown in Figure 38. The simulation parameters for the antenna shown in Figure 38 are substantially the same as those for the antenna shown in Figure 33, with the difference being that the antenna shown in Figure 33 also includes a third array A3 and a fourth array A4. All other conditions remain the same.

[0207] As shown in Figures 39 to 42, the antenna's standing wave VSWR is less than 1.25, and the directivity coefficient D increases from 8.75dBi to 9.30dBi, then to 8.39dBi to 9.04dBi. The vertical wave width is 65° to 71°, and the horizontal wave width is 56° to 63°. This shows that the antenna shown in Figure 38 can improve standing waves, with the directivity coefficient increased by 0.3dBi to 0.51dBi, and the gain at mid- and high-frequency points is increased (up to 0.38dB).

[0208] An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an antenna array, which includes multiple antennas arranged in an array.

[0209] Figure 43 is a perspective schematic diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, as shown in Figure 43, the antenna array is arranged in a 1*3 arrangement, for example, three antennas 100 are arranged along the third direction Y.

[0210] Figure 44 is a simulation diagram of standing waves for the antenna array shown in Figure 43, Figure 45 is a simulation diagram of the directivity coefficient of the antenna array shown in Figure 43, Figure 46 is a vertical radiation pattern for the antenna array shown in Figure 43, and Figure 47 is a horizontal radiation pattern for the antenna array shown in Figure 43. During the simulation, the parameters of antenna 100 in the antenna array shown in Figure 43 were the same as those of antenna 100 shown in Figure 27.

[0211] As shown in Figures 44 to 47, the antenna array has a standing wave VSWR of less than 1.24, a directivity coefficient D of 12.93dBi to 13.78dBi, a gain of 12.48dBi to 13.59dBi, a vertical wave width of 25° to 27°, and a horizontal wave width of 55° to 62°. Compared with the related art antenna 100 shown in Figure 6, the antenna array has improved both the standing wave and directivity coefficient D. The standing wave has been improved from VSWR < 1.36 to VSWR < 1.24, and the directivity coefficient D has been increased by 0.4dBi to 0.51dBi.

[0212] FIG48 is a perspective schematic diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG48 , in some embodiments, a partition wall 80 is provided between two adjacent antennas 100 , and the partition wall 80 is connected to the side of the reflector 10 facing the radiation unit 30 .

[0213] The isolation wall 80 is made of a conductive material (eg, metal materials such as copper and aluminum) and is located outside the radiation unit 30 . The isolation wall 80 can improve the isolation between the antennas 100 in the antenna array.

[0214] In actual application, the antenna array includes a plurality of isolation walls 80 , and the plurality of isolation walls 80 are arranged along the third direction Y.

[0215] 48 , when the reflector 10 is rectangular, the reflector 10 includes opposing third and fourth edges 3 and 4, each of which is provided with a partition wall 80. The third and fourth edges 3 and 4 are perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the multiple antennas 100.

[0216] The isolation wall 80 may be connected to the reflective plate 10 , for example, the isolation wall 80 is connected to a side of the reflective plate 10 facing the radiation unit 30 .

[0217] Illustratively, the reflective plate 10 is provided with an insertion port, the isolation wall 80 is inserted into the insertion port to achieve positioning of the isolation wall 80, and then the isolation wall 80 and the reflective plate 10 are connected by screws to achieve fixation of the isolation strip 60.

[0218] Of course, the isolation wall 80 can also be fixedly connected to the reflective plate 10 in other ways. For example, the isolation wall 80 and the reflective plate 10 are connected by welding.

[0219] The length of the isolation wall 80 (the dimension along the third edge 3 ) may be smaller than the length of the third edge 3 .

[0220] Exemplarily, the length of the isolation wall 80 is 0.4λ to 0.6λ. For example, the length of the isolation wall 80 is any value among 0.4λ, 0.45λ, 0.5λ, 0.55λ, 0.6λ, or a value in a range consisting of any two values.

[0221] Illustratively, the height of the isolation wall 80 (along the dimension perpendicular to the reflector plate 10 ) is 0.25 to 0.75 times the height of the feed balun 20 .

[0222] Exemplarily, the size of the isolation wall 80 is 200 mm*40 mm.

[0223] Figure 49 is a simulation diagram of standing waves for the antenna array shown in Figure 48, Figure 50 is a simulation diagram of the directivity coefficient of the antenna array shown in Figure 48, Figure 51 is the vertical radiation pattern of the antenna array shown in Figure 48, and Figure 52 is the horizontal radiation pattern of the antenna array shown in Figure 48. The parameters of the antenna array shown in Figure 48 during simulation are generally consistent with those of the antenna array shown in Figure 43, with the difference being that the antenna array shown in Figure 48 also includes multiple isolation walls 80, each measuring 200 mm by 40 mm.

[0224] As shown in Figures 49 to 52, antenna 100 has a standing wave VSWR of less than 1.31, a directivity coefficient D of 13.02-13.82 dBi, a gain of 12.61-13.66 dBi, a vertical beamwidth of 25°-27°, and a horizontal beamwidth of 55°-63°. This indicates that the installation of isolation wall 80 further improves the directivity and gain of the antenna array by approximately 0.1 dB.

[0225] The embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a base station, which includes the above-mentioned antenna 100, or the base station includes the above-mentioned antenna array. The base station involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure can also be called a radio access network (RAN) device. The base station can be a base station (base transceiver station, BTS) in global system of mobile communication (GSM) or code division multiple access (CDMA), or a base station (nodeB, NB) in wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA), or an evolutionary node B (eNB or eNodeB) in long term evolution (LTE), or a relay station or access point, or a base station in a 5G network, or a base station in a future communication system, etc., which is not limited here.

[0226] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, but the scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this disclosure should be included in the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present disclosure should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises a metasurface unit, a radiation unit, a feed balun, and a reflector, wherein the radiation unit and the reflector are arranged opposite to each other and spaced apart along a first direction, the feed balun is located between the radiation unit and the reflector, the metasurface unit is located on a side of the radiation unit away from the reflector, and a gap is provided between the metasurface unit and the radiation unit; The metasurface unit includes a first patch, a second patch and an orthogonal trace. The first patch and the second patch are arranged relative to each other along the first direction. The orthogonal trace is located between the first patch and the second patch. A dielectric layer is provided between the first patch and the orthogonal trace, and between the second patch and the orthogonal trace.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein Along the first direction, the distance between the metasurface unit and the radiation unit is [0.05, 0.075]*λ, where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave at the center frequency of the antenna.

3. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein Along the first direction, the distance between the metasurface unit and the radiation unit is greater than or equal to 18.5 mm and less than or equal to 32 mm.

4. The antenna according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: The reflecting plate includes a central area and an edge area, the edge area surrounds the central area, the radiation unit's orthographic projection on the reflecting plate is located in the central area, and the metasurface unit is located in at least a part of the orthographic projection of the reflecting plate in the edge area.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, wherein The orthographic projection of the metasurface unit on the reflective plate does not overlap with the central area. The antenna according to claim 4 , wherein: There is an overlapping area between the orthographic projection of the metasurface unit on the reflective plate and the central area, and the overlapping area is located at the edge of the central area.

7. The antenna according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein: The orthographic projection of the metasurface unit on the reflective plate is located within the range of the reflective plate.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, wherein The edge of the metasurface unit away from the geometric center of the radiation unit is flush with the outer edge of the reflection plate.

9. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: The antenna includes a plurality of the metasurface units, and the plurality of the metasurface units are arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner relative to the geometric center of the radiation unit.

10. The antenna according to claim 9, wherein The plurality of metasurface units form a plurality of metasurface arrays, each of the metasurface arrays includes a plurality of the metasurface units, and the plurality of metasurface arrays are arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner relative to the geometric center of the radiation unit. The antenna according to claim 10 , wherein: The multiple metasurface units in the same metasurface array are arranged along the outer edge of the reflective plate.

12. The antenna according to claim 11, wherein The multiple metasurface arrays include a first array and a second array, the reflective plate includes a first edge and a second edge relative to each other, the multiple metasurface units in the first array are arranged along the first edge, and the multiple metasurface units in the second array are arranged along the second edge.

13. The antenna according to claim 12, wherein The multiple metasurface arrays also include a third array and a fourth array, the third array is located between the first array and the geometric center of the radiation unit, and the fourth array is located between the second array and the geometric center of the radiation unit.

14. The antenna according to claim 11, wherein The reflective plate also includes a third edge and a fourth edge relative to each other, the first edge and the second edge extend along the second direction, and the third edge and the fourth edge extend along the third direction. The metasurface array includes a first unit and a second unit, the first unit is located at the third edge, the second unit is located at the fourth edge, and the metasurface unit is not provided between the first unit and the second unit.

15. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein The shapes of the first patch and the second patch are square, circular, hexagonal, octagonal or irregular; and / or the orthogonal traces include a first trace and a second trace that are orthogonal and electrically connected.

16. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein: The antenna further includes a plurality of parasitic branches, which are arranged at intervals on the periphery of the radiation unit and are arranged symmetrically relative to the geometric center of the radiation unit.

17. The antenna according to claim 16, wherein The reflective plate includes a first edge. The first edge and the parasitic branch both extend along a second direction. Along the second direction, the length of the parasitic branch is less than or equal to the length of the first edge.

18. The antenna according to claim 17, wherein The reflective plate further includes a second edge opposite to the first edge, and the parasitic branch includes a first branch and a second branch. The orthographic projection of the first branch on the reflective plate is located at the first edge, and the orthographic projection of the second branch on the reflective plate is located at the second edge.

19. The antenna according to claim 18, wherein An isolation strip is connected to one side of the first edge and the second edge facing the radiation unit, and the parasitic branch is located between the isolation strip and the super plane unit.

20. The antenna according to claim 19, wherein The edge of the parasitic branch facing the super-surface unit is flush with the plane where the radiation unit is located.

21. An antenna array, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of antennas according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the plurality of antennas are arranged in an array.

22. The antenna array according to claim 22, wherein: An isolation wall is provided between two adjacent antennas, and the isolation wall is connected to a side of the reflector facing the radiation unit.

23. A base station, characterized in that: Comprising the antenna according to claims 1 to 20, or comprising the antenna array according to claim 21 or 22.

Images