Grid-connection and grid-disconnection switching apparatus and power supply system

Abstract

Provided in the present application are a grid-connection and grid-disconnection switching apparatus (14) and a power supply system (10). The grid-connection and grid-disconnection switching apparatus (14) comprises a controller, an auxiliary power source (15), a connection-disconnection control apparatus (14a) and an integrated switch apparatus (16), wherein the auxiliary power source (15) is electrically connected to the integrated switch apparatus (16) by means of the connection-disconnection control apparatus (14a); the auxiliary power source (15) is used for outputting a direct-current control signal to the integrated switch apparatus (16); the integrated switch apparatus (16) comprises a housing, and a first contact assembly and a second contact assembly which are integrated into the housing, the first contact assembly being used for connecting a power converter (13) and a protective grounding wire, and the second contact assembly being used for connecting the power converter (13) and a power grid; and the controller is used for controlling the state of the connection-disconnection control apparatus (14a) on the basis of the condition of the power grid, such that the first contact assembly and the second contact assembly collaboratively act to realize grid-connection and grid-disconnection switching. The integrated switch apparatus (16) of the present application can integrate a protective grounding relay and a grid-connection and grid-disconnection relay, thereby simplifying the signal control over the grid-connection and grid-disconnection switching apparatus (14).

Description

On-grid and off-grid switching devices and power supply systems

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on February 29, 2024, with application number 202410235143.4, and priority to the Chinese patent application entitled “On-grid and off-grid switching device and power supply system”, all contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of electric power technology, and in particular to an on-grid and off-grid switching device and a power supply system. Background Art

[0003] The backup box used in smart photovoltaic solutions can switch between on-grid and off-grid modes. Conventional backup boxes contain separate components, such as a protective grounding relay and an on-grid / off-grid switching relay. These components each require a low-voltage control signal to operate, resulting in complex control and feedback signals. Furthermore, due to timing differences between the various control signals and manufacturing variations between components, these components cannot switch accurately and synchronously to meet the system's rapid switching requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide an on-grid and off-grid switching device and a power supply system, which can improve control consistency and meet the needs of rapid system switching.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an on-grid and off-grid switching device, comprising a controller, an auxiliary power supply, an on-off control device, and an integrated switch device; the auxiliary power supply is electrically connected to the integrated switch via the on-off control device, and the auxiliary power supply is used to output a DC control signal to the integrated switch device; the integrated switch device comprises a housing, a first contact assembly, and a second contact assembly, wherein the first contact assembly and the second contact assembly are both mounted on the housing, and each of the first contact assembly and the second contact assembly comprises a movable contact and a static contact that can contact or separate from each other; the first contact assembly is used to connect the power converter to the protective grounding wire, and the second contact assembly is used to connect the power converter to the power grid; wherein the power converter is also used to connect to a load, and the load is connected between the power converter and the integrated switch device. The second contact assembly can specifically be used to connect the phase line or live line of the power converter, such as phase A / phase B / phase C.

[0006] The controller is configured to control the switching of the states of the first and second contact assemblies mounted on the housing, i.e., the states of the first and second contact assemblies can be switched and remain opposite to each other after the switching. For example, in the current state, the first contact assembly is in contact with the static contact, while the second contact assembly is in a separated state. After the states are switched, the first contact assembly is in a separated state with the static contact, while the second contact assembly is in contact with the static contact. It should be noted that the switching of the states of the first and second contact assemblies can occur simultaneously or nearly simultaneously.

[0007] When the power grid fails, the controller is used to control the on-off control device to be in a first state, so that the moving contact and the static contact of the first contact assembly of the integrated switch device are in contact, and the moving contact and the static contact of the second contact assembly are separated, so as to disconnect the power converter from the power grid and connect the power converter to the protective grounding wire, so that the power converter is connected to the load, so that the power converter can supply power to the load; when the power grid operates normally, the controller is used to control the on-off control device to be in a second state, so that the moving contact and the static contact of the first contact assembly of the integrated switch device are separated, and the moving contact and the static contact of the second contact assembly are in contact, so as to connect the power converter to the power grid and disconnect the power converter from the protective grounding wire, so that the power converter and the power grid are connected to the load, so that the power converter or the power grid can supply power to the load.

[0008] In the embodiments of the present application, by integrating functions such as a protective grounding relay, a grid-connecting / off-grid relay, and a bypass switch into an integrated switch device, and by requiring only a single control signal for operation, the complexity of the control and feedback signals is greatly simplified. By reducing or avoiding timing differences between different control signals and manufacturing errors between different components, control consistency is improved, enabling more precise and synchronous fulfillment of the system's rapid switching requirements and reducing costs.

[0009] In one implementation of the first aspect, the integrated switch device further includes a third contact assembly, the third contact assembly being configured to connect between the N line of the power converter and the power grid, the third contact assembly including a movable contact and a stationary contact that can contact or separate from each other. The states of the first contact assembly and the second contact assembly mounted on the housing are controlled to switch with each other, and the states of the first contact assembly and the third contact assembly mounted on the housing are controlled to switch with each other, i.e., the state of the first contact assembly and the state of the third contact assembly can be switched and remain opposite after switching. That is, the states of the first contact assembly, the second contact assembly, and the third contact assembly can all be switched, and after switching, the state of the first contact assembly is opposite to the states of the second contact assembly and the third contact assembly.

[0010] In one implementation of the first aspect, the controller is specifically configured to, when a power grid fault occurs, control the on-off control device to transmit a first DC signal to the integrated switch device; and when the power grid operates normally, control the on-off control device to transmit a second DC signal to the integrated switch device. The first DC signal and the second DC signal are output signals of the DC control signal after passing through the on-off control device, and the current directions of the first DC signal and the second DC signal are opposite. Specifically, the on-off control device may include multiple switching transistors, and generate a forward or reverse DC control signal by controlling the on and off states of the multiple switching transistors. For example, the controller is specifically configured to: when the power grid fault occurs, send a first pulse signal to the on-off control device to control the on and off states of the multiple switching transistors, causing the on-off control device to transmit the first DC signal to the integrated switch device; and when the power grid operates normally, send a second pulse signal to the on-off control device to control the on and off states of the multiple switching transistors, causing the on-off control device to transmit the second DC signal to the integrated switch device.

[0011] In the embodiment of the present application, the integrated switch device may be a magnetic latching switch. For the magnetic latching switch, the controller sends different pulse signals to the on / off control device, which causes the auxiliary power supply to send different DC signals to the integrated switch device through the on / off control device, thereby causing the integrated switch device to generate corresponding actions and achieve on-grid and off-grid switching.

[0012] In an implementation of the first aspect, the on-off control device includes a first switch; and the controller is specifically configured to: control the first switch to be disconnected when the power grid fails; and control the first switch to be closed when the power grid operates normally.

[0013] In the embodiment of the present application, the integrated switch device may be an electrically held switch. For the electrically held switch, the controller controls the on / off switching of the first switch, thereby enabling the integrated switch device to receive or not receive a DC control signal from the auxiliary power supply, thereby causing the integrated switch device to perform corresponding operations and implement on-grid and off-grid switching.

[0014] In an implementation of the first aspect, when the power grid fails, controlling the on-off control device to be in a first state includes: when the voltage of the power grid is less than or equal to a threshold value, controlling the on-off control device to be in the first state; when the power grid operates normally, controlling the on-off control device to be in a second state includes: when the voltage of the power grid is greater than the threshold value, controlling the on-off control device to be in the second state.

[0015] In the embodiment of the present application, the state of the grid can be determined by detecting the voltage of the grid, and then the state of the on-off control device can be controlled, thereby controlling the integrated switch device to produce corresponding actions and realize on-grid and off-grid switching.

[0016] In an implementation of the first aspect, the integrated switch device includes a drive device and a drive rod installed on the shell, the drive device is connected to the drive rod, the drive device is electrically connected to the auxiliary power supply through the on-off control device, and the drive rod is connected to both the first contact assembly and the second contact assembly; the drive device is used to: when the on-off control device is in the first state, drive the drive rod to move, so that the drive rod drives the moving contact of the first contact assembly to contact with the static contact and simultaneously drives the moving contact of the second contact assembly to separate from the static contact; when the on-off control device is in the second state, drive the drive rod to move, so that the drive rod drives the moving contact of the first contact assembly to separate from the static contact and simultaneously drives the moving contact of the second contact assembly to contact with the static contact.

[0017] In an embodiment of the present application, by setting up a driving device and a driving rod, one driving device can be controlled by a low-voltage control signal, and the two groups of contacts can be driven to move in coordination by the driving rod, thereby simplifying the complexity of the control signal and the feedback signal, and making the structure of the integrated switching device relatively simple.

[0018] In an implementation of the first aspect, the driving rod includes a first driving rod and a second driving rod, the first driving rod and the second driving rod are respectively connected to opposite sides of the driving device, the first driving rod is connected to the first contact assembly, and the second driving rod is connected to the second contact assembly; when the on-off control device is in the first state, the driving device is specifically used to drive the first driving rod and the second driving rod to move simultaneously, so that the first driving rod drives the moving contact of the first contact assembly to contact with the static contact, and at the same time, the second driving rod drives the moving contact of the second contact assembly to separate from the static contact; when the on-off control device is in the second state, the driving device is specifically used to drive the first driving rod and the second driving rod to move simultaneously, so that the first driving rod drives the moving contact of the first contact assembly to separate from the static contact, and at the same time, the second driving rod drives the moving contact of the second contact assembly to contact with the static contact.

[0019] In the embodiment of the present application, two driving rods are provided so that each driving rod is connected to and drives a group of contact assemblies. The two groups of contact assemblies can be opened and closed by the movement of the two driving rods, thereby achieving on-grid and off-grid switching.

[0020] In an implementation of the first aspect, the integrated switch device further includes a third contact assembly, the third contact assembly being configured to be connected between the N line of the power converter and the power grid, the third contact assembly including a movable contact and a stationary contact that can contact or separate from each other; the first drive rod is also connected to the third contact assembly; when the on-off control device is in the first state, the drive device is specifically configured to drive the first drive rod and the second drive rod to move simultaneously, such that the first drive rod drives the movable contact of the first contact assembly to contact the stationary contact and drives the movable contact of the third contact assembly to separate from the stationary contact, while simultaneously causing the second drive rod to drive the movable contact of the second contact assembly to separate from the stationary contact; when the on-off control device is in the second state, the drive device is specifically configured to drive the first drive rod and the second drive rod to move simultaneously, such that the first drive rod drives the movable contact of the first contact assembly to separate from the stationary contact and drives the movable contact of the third contact assembly to contact from the stationary contact, while simultaneously causing the second drive rod to drive the movable contact of the second contact assembly to contact from the stationary contact.

[0021] In an embodiment of the present application, by setting a third contact assembly in the integrated switch device and connecting the first contact assembly and the third contact assembly with the first driving rod, the first contact assembly and the third contact assembly can be driven to open and close by the first driving rod, thereby facilitating on-grid and off-grid switching for the load connected to the N line.

[0022] In an implementation of the first aspect, when the on-off control device is in the first state, the driving device is specifically used to drive the first driving rod to move along the first direction, and simultaneously drive the second driving rod to move along the second direction, wherein the second direction is opposite to the first direction; when the on-off control device is in the second state, the driving device is specifically used to drive the first driving rod to move along the second direction, and simultaneously drive the second driving rod to move along the first direction; along the second direction, the static contact of the first contact assembly, the moving contact of the first contact assembly, the moving contact of the third contact assembly, the static contact of the third contact assembly, the static contact of the second contact assembly, and the moving contact of the second contact assembly are arranged in sequence.

[0023] In the embodiment of the present application, by arranging the moving and static contacts of the first contact assembly, the second contact assembly and the third contact assembly in the above manner, it is convenient to realize the linkage of the moving and static contacts of the three groups of contact assemblies through the linkage of the first drive rod and the second drive rod, thereby realizing on-grid and off-grid switching.

[0024] In an implementation of the first aspect, the driving device includes an electromagnet and a bracket, the electromagnet includes an armature, the armature is installed on the bracket, and the opposite sides of the bracket are respectively connected to the first drive rod and the second drive rod; the electromagnet is used to make the armature move forward when the on-off control device is in the first state, so that the armature drives the bracket to rotate relative to the shell, so that the bracket drives the first drive rod and the second drive rod to move simultaneously, so that the first drive rod drives the moving contact of the first contact assembly to contact with the static contact, and at the same time, the second drive rod drives the moving contact of the second contact assembly to separate from the static contact; the electromagnet makes the armature move in the opposite direction when the on-off control device is in the second state, and the armature drives the bracket to rotate in the opposite direction relative to the shell, so that the bracket drives the first drive rod and the second drive rod to move simultaneously, so that the first drive rod drives the moving contact of the first contact assembly to separate from the static contact, and at the same time, the second drive rod drives the moving contact of the second contact assembly to contact with the static contact.

[0025] In the embodiment of the present application, by using an electromagnet in the integrated switch for low-voltage control, the integrated switch device can be made into a relay.

[0026] In an implementation of the first aspect, the integrated switch device further includes a third contact assembly, which is used to be connected between the N line of the power converter and the power grid, and the third contact assembly includes a movable contact and a stationary contact that can contact or separate from each other; the drive rod is also connected to the third contact assembly; when the on-off control device is in the first state, the drive device is specifically used to drive the drive rod to move, so that the drive rod drives the movable contact of the first contact assembly to contact with the stationary contact, and drives the movable contact of the third contact assembly to separate from the stationary contact, and at the same time, the drive rod drives the movable contact of the second contact assembly to separate from the stationary contact; when the on-off control device is in the second state, the drive device is specifically used to drive the drive rod to move, so that the drive rod drives the movable contact of the first contact assembly to separate from the stationary contact, and drives the movable contact of the third contact assembly to contact with the stationary contact, and at the same time, the drive rod drives the movable contact of the second contact assembly to contact with the stationary contact.

[0027] In the embodiment of the present application, a single driving rod can be used to connect and drive three groups of contact assemblies to act in coordination to achieve on-grid and off-grid switching.

[0028] In an implementation of the first aspect, when the on-off control device is in the first state, the driving device is specifically used to drive the driving rod to move along a first direction; when the on-off control device is in the second state, the driving device is specifically used to drive the driving rod to move along a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction are opposite directions to each other; along the first direction, the moving contact of the first contact assembly, the static contact of the first contact assembly, the static contact of the third contact assembly, the moving contact of the third contact assembly, the static contact of the second contact assembly, and the moving contact of the second contact assembly are arranged in sequence.

[0029] In the embodiment of the present application, by arranging the movable and static contacts of the first contact assembly, the second contact assembly and the third contact assembly in the above manner, it is convenient to realize the linkage of the movable and static contacts of the three groups of contact assemblies through the movement of a single driving rod, thereby realizing on-grid and off-grid switching.

[0030] In an implementation of the first aspect, the third contact assembly has a smaller opening distance than the second contact assembly. By making the opening distance of the third contact assembly smaller than the opening distance of the second contact assembly, the N line can be closed first and opened later.

[0031] In one implementation of the first aspect, the integrated switch device includes a linear motor, the drive device is the fixed portion of the linear motor, and the drive rod is the movable portion of the linear motor. In this embodiment of the present application, by using a linear motor to drive the contact assembly in the integrated switch, the product form of the integrated switch device can be expanded to meet product needs.

[0032] In an implementation of the first aspect, the shell is provided with a through hole, and the integrated switch device includes an exposed portion, which passes through the through hole and is exposed outside the shell; the exposed portion is used to drive the driving device to generate mechanical movement under the action of an external force, so that the moving contact and the static contact of the first contact assembly are separated, and at the same time, the moving contact and the static contact of the second contact assembly are contacted, so as to connect the power converter with the power grid and disconnect the power converter from the protective grounding wire, so that the power grid supplies power to the load.

[0033] In the embodiment of the present application, an exposed portion is provided in the integrated switch device so that personnel can operate the exposed portion to disconnect from the grid, thereby integrating the function of a bypass switch into the integrated switch device.

[0034] In an implementation of the first aspect, there are at least two integrated switch devices, which are connected in series. Connecting two integrated switch devices in series can meet safety regulations and replace contactors in the system, thereby simplifying system structure and deployment costs.

[0035] In one implementation of the first aspect, the on-grid and off-grid switching device further includes a circuit board. The integrated switch device is disposed on and electrically connected to the circuit board. The integrated switch device is configured to electrically connect to the protective ground wire, the phase line of the power converter, the phase line of the power grid, and the load via the circuit board. By disposing the integrated switch device on the circuit board, the integrated switch device becomes a board-mounted switch, eliminating cables for the integrated switch device, simplifying wiring, and reducing its size.

[0036] In one implementation of the first aspect, the auxiliary power supply is disposed on and electrically connected to the circuit board, and the auxiliary power supply is configured to be electrically connected to the power converter and the power grid via the circuit board. Placing the auxiliary power supply on the circuit board can save cables, simplify wiring, and reduce size.

[0037] In one implementation of the first aspect, the output end of the power converter includes a first phase line, a second phase line, and a third phase line; the integrated switch device includes three second contact assemblies, the three second contact assemblies being respectively connected between the first phase line and the power grid, between the second phase line and the power grid, and between the third phase line and the power grid; the load is connected to the first phase line, the second phase line, and the third phase line; the controller is specifically configured to: when the power grid fails, control the on-off control device to a first state so that the moving contact and the static contact of the first contact assembly of the integrated switch device are in contact, and the moving contacts and the static contacts of the three second contact assemblies are simultaneously separated; when the power grid operates normally, control the on-off control device to a second state so that the moving contact and the static contact of the first contact assembly of the integrated switch device are separated, and the moving contacts and the static contacts of the three second contact assemblies are simultaneously in contact. This embodiment enables the integrated switch to connect a three-phase load, meeting product requirements.

[0038] In one implementation of the first aspect, the output end of the power converter further includes an N line, and the integrated switch device further includes a third contact assembly; the third contact assembly is configured to be connected between the N line of the power converter and the power grid; the load is also connected to the N line; and the controller is configured to: when the power grid fails, control the on-off control device to a first state so that the moving contact and the static contact of the first contact assembly of the integrated switch device contact, the moving contact and the static contact of the third contact assembly are separated, and the moving contact and the static contact of the second contact assembly are separated; when the power grid operates normally, control the on-off control device to a second state so that the moving contact and the static contact of the first contact assembly of the integrated switch device are separated, the moving contact of the third contact assembly is in contact with the static contact, and the moving contact of the second contact assembly is in contact with the static contact. This embodiment enables the integrated switch to connect a three-phase + N load, meeting product requirements.

[0039] In the second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a power supply system, comprising a power converter and an on-grid switching device as described in any one of the above items, wherein the power converter is used to connect a DC power supply and convert the DC power of the DC power supply into AC power, and the power converter is also used to connect to the power grid through the on-grid switching device.

[0040] In the embodiments of the present application, the integrated switch device within the on-grid / off-grid switching device integrates the functions of a protective grounding relay, an on-grid / off-grid relay, and a bypass switch, and operates with only one control signal. This greatly simplifies the complexity of the control and feedback signals. This reduces or eliminates timing differences between different control signals and manufacturing errors between different components, thereby improving control consistency, enabling more precise and synchronous fulfillment of the system's rapid switching requirements, and also reducing costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a photovoltaic system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of power supply by an energy storage converter according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional backup power box working scenario;

[0044] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a working scenario of a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a working scenario of the integrated switch device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the integrated switch device and the circuit board;

[0047] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the integrated switch device;

[0048] Figures 8 and 9 are both schematic diagrams of the exploded structure of the integrated switch device;

[0049] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of some components in the integrated switch device;

[0050] FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of the integrated switch device shown in FIG7 in direction A;

[0051] FIG12 illustrates the structure of the first housing of the integrated switch device from another perspective;

[0052] 13 and 14 are schematic structural diagrams of the second housing of the integrated switch device at different viewing angles;

[0053] FIG15 is a schematic structural diagram of a partition of an integrated switchgear;

[0054] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the electromagnet, bracket and baffle of the integrated switch device;

[0055] FIG17 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the assembly shown in FIG16;

[0056] 18 and 19 are schematic structural diagrams of the bracket of the integrated switch device at different viewing angles;

[0057] FIG20 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnet cover of an integrated switch device;

[0058] FIG21 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the first armature, the second armature, the permanent magnet, the magnet cover and the bracket of the integrated switch device;

[0059] FIG22 is a schematic top view showing the positional relationship between the assembly structure shown in FIG21 and the first and second magnetic yokes of the electromagnet;

[0060] FIG23 is a schematic structural diagram of a first driving rod of an integrated switch device;

[0061] FIG24 is a schematic structural diagram of a second driving rod of the integrated switch device;

[0062] 25 and 26 are schematic diagrams of the assembly structure of the electromagnet, bracket, first driving rod, second driving rod and partition of the integrated switch device at different viewing angles;

[0063] FIG27 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the contact assembly in the integrated switch device;

[0064] FIG28 is a schematic structural diagram of the contact assembly shown in FIG27 in the direction B;

[0065] FIG29 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of each contact assembly and the first drive rod and the second drive rod in the integrated switch device;

[0066] FIG30 and FIG31 are schematic diagrams of the assembly structure of the structure shown in FIG29 and the second housing;

[0067] FIG32 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the structure shown in FIG30 and the electromagnet, the bracket and the baffle;

[0068] FIG33 is a schematic top view of the assembly structure shown in FIG32 ;

[0069] FIG34 is a structural diagram illustrating a driving condition of a contact assembly by a driving rod in an integrated switch device;

[0070] FIG35 is another schematic top view of the assembly structure shown in FIG32;

[0071] FIG36 is another structural schematic diagram illustrating how the driving rod in the integrated switch device drives the contact assembly;

[0072] Figure 37 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the linear motor, various contact assemblies and circuit board in the integrated switch device of another embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] The on-grid and off-grid switching device and power supply system provided in this application can be applied to different application scenarios, such as photovoltaic power supply scenarios, energy storage power supply scenarios, etc.

[0074] FIG1 exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a photovoltaic system. Referring to FIG1 , the photovoltaic system may include a photovoltaic array 110 , a power converter 120 , a power grid 130 , and a load 140 .

[0075] As shown in Figure 1, a photovoltaic array 110 can be schematically formed by connecting one or more photovoltaic modules 1101. For example, photovoltaic array 110 may include multiple parallel photovoltaic strings, each of which includes multiple series-connected photovoltaic modules 1101. In one embodiment, a photovoltaic system may also generate photovoltaic power using a single photovoltaic module 1101 or a single photovoltaic string, without forming photovoltaic array 110. The following description uses a photovoltaic system using photovoltaic array 110 to generate photovoltaic power as an example.

[0076] As shown in FIG1 , the power converter 120 includes an inverter circuit 1201 (ie, a DC / AC conversion circuit). The DC power generated by the photovoltaic array 110 is converted into AC power by the power converter 120 through DC / AC conversion and then transmitted to the grid 130 or the load 140 .

[0077] As shown in Figure 1, in some photovoltaic-storage fusion scenarios, the photovoltaic system may further include an energy storage device 150, and the power converter 120 may further include a DC / DC conversion circuit 1202. The energy storage device 150 may be connected to the DC / DC conversion circuit 1202. The electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic array 110 may be boosted or bucked by the DC / DC conversion circuit 1202 and then used to charge the energy storage device 150. When the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic array 110 is insufficient to supply power to the grid 130 / load 140, the electrical energy stored in the energy storage device 150 may be transmitted to the grid 130 / load 140 via the DC / DC conversion circuit 1202 and the inverter circuit 1201 within the power converter 120.

[0078] In the embodiment of the present application, the photovoltaic array 110 and the energy storage device 150 can both be referred to as direct current power sources.

[0079] When the load 140 is an important load (backup), it is necessary to ensure continuous power supply so that the important load can draw power from the photovoltaic side or the energy storage side, and can also draw power from the grid side, to achieve dual power supply for the important load. In this scenario, the photovoltaic system may further include an on-grid and off-grid switching device 160, which is used to connect the power converter 120 and the grid 130, and the load 140 is connected between the power converter 120 and the on-grid and off-grid switching device 160. In the embodiment of the present application, it can be considered that the power converter 120 and the on-grid and off-grid switching device 160 participate in forming a power supply system, or that the power supply system includes the power converter 120 and the on-grid and off-grid switching device 160. The power supply system can connect a DC power supply to the grid 130 to achieve dual power supply for the load 140. The on-grid and off-grid switching device 160 is used to achieve on-grid and off-grid switching, that is, automatically switching between on-grid mode and off-grid mode.

[0080] When the power grid is operating normally, the on-grid and off-grid switching device 160 can be in the on-grid mode, so that the load 140 is connected to both the power converter 120 and the power grid 130. Schematically, the voltage of the DC power supply can be higher than the voltage of the power grid. Therefore, when the DC power supply can provide electrical energy, the DC power supply supplies power to the load 140, rather than the power grid 130 supplying power to the load 140, which can reduce electricity costs. When the DC power supply cannot provide electrical energy (for example, the photovoltaic array 110 cannot output electrical energy, or the energy storage device 150 does not have enough electrical energy), the power grid 130 supplies power to the load 140. Therefore, the grid-connected mode can ensure that the load 140 is not disconnected from power.

[0081] When a power grid failure occurs, the on-grid switching device 160 can be switched to off-grid mode to disconnect the power converter 120 from the power grid 130, thereby disconnecting the DC power supply from the power grid 130 and ensuring that maintenance personnel can safely perform maintenance on the power grid 130. In off-grid mode, the load 140 is disconnected from the power grid and electrically connected to the DC power supply. When the DC power supply is capable of providing power, it can supply power to the load 140. It is understood that in extreme cases, the DC power supply may be unable to provide power after switching to off-grid mode, but this does not affect maintenance personnel's maintenance of the power grid 130.

[0082] Please refer to Figure 2, which is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the energy storage converter (Power Conversion System, PCS) provided in an embodiment of the present application. In the PCS power supply scenario, the power converter 120 provided in the present application can be a PCS, which is respectively connected to the AC power grid 130, the energy storage device 150 and the AC load 141. The PCS is also called a bidirectional converter, which can include an inverter circuit 1201 (DC-AC) and a rectifier circuit 1203 (AC-DC), which can convert DC power into AC power, or convert AC power into DC power. The bidirectional converter can obtain AC power from the power grid 130, and convert it into DC power through the rectifier circuit 1203 and charge the energy storage device 150. The bidirectional converter can also convert the DC power of the energy storage device 150 into AC power through the inverter circuit 1201, and transmit the AC power to the AC load 141 or the power grid 130. Furthermore, the energy storage device 150 can also power the DC load 142.

[0083] In a photovoltaic-storage fusion scenario, the energy storage device 150 can also be charged by obtaining direct current (DC) from the photovoltaic array 110. The power converter 120 can also include a DC / DC conversion circuit 1202. The energy storage device 150 can be connected to the DC / DC conversion circuit 1202. The electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic array 110 can be converted by the DC / DC conversion circuit 1202 to a higher or lower voltage before being used to charge the energy storage device 150. When the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic array 110 is insufficient to supply power to the grid 130 / load 140, the electrical energy stored in the energy storage device 150 can be transmitted to the grid 130 / AC load 141 via the DC / DC conversion circuit 1202 and the inverter circuit 1201 within the power converter 120.

[0084] As shown in FIG2 , for scenarios where the AC load 141 is an important load, the photovoltaic system may further include an on-grid / off-grid switching device 160. The on-grid / off-grid switching device 160 is used to connect the power converter 120 to the grid 130, and the AC load 141 is connected between the power converter 120 and the on-grid / off-grid switching device 160. The on-grid / off-grid switching device 160 is used to implement on-grid / off-grid switching.

[0085] When the grid is operating normally, the on-grid switching device 160 is in on-grid mode, connecting the AC load 141 to both the power converter 120 and the grid 130. This allows the AC load 141 to draw power from both the photovoltaic side or the energy storage side, as well as the grid side, thus providing dual power supply for the AC load 141. When the grid fails, the on-grid switching device 160 switches to off-grid mode, disconnecting the power converter 120 from the grid 130, thereby disconnecting the DC power supply from the grid 130 and ensuring that maintenance personnel can safely inspect and repair the grid 130. In the photovoltaic system of FIG2 , the design and operating procedures associated with the on-grid switching device 160 are the same as those described above and will not be repeated here.

[0086] It will be understood that the above are merely illustrative examples of the application scenarios of the embodiments of the present application and are not exhaustive. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the application scenarios.

[0087] In the embodiment of the present application, the hardware form of the on-grid and off-grid switching device 160 includes but is not limited to a backup power box, a distribution box, etc.

[0088] Figure 3 shows a typical power backup box operating scenario. A, B, and C represent three phase lines, respectively. Phase A can also be called the first phase line, phase B can also be called the second phase line, and phase C can also be called the third phase line. N represents the neutral line, PE represents the protective earthing (PE) line, and PEN represents the protective neutral line. The N and PE lines can be combined into a single PEN line. As shown in Figure 3, the power backup box includes an auxiliary power supply 1, a PE relay 2, a bypass switch 3, a grid-connection and off-grid relay 4, and a contactor 5.

[0089] The auxiliary power supply 1 can draw power from both sides, either from the power supply side or from the grid. The power supply side may include a DC power source such as a photovoltaic string (or photovoltaic array) and an energy storage device, as well as a power converter. The power converter is electrically connected to the photovoltaic string (or photovoltaic array) and the energy storage device. The auxiliary power supply 1 may include an AC-DC conversion circuit. The auxiliary power supply 1 may convert the AC power output by the power converter or the grid into DC power, and provide DC control signals to the PE relay 2, the on-grid and off-grid relay 4, and the contactor 5, respectively, to control their closing or disconnection.

[0090] Two PE relays 2 can be connected in series and connected to the PE line. These two PE relays 2 control whether the power supply side is grounded. A grid-connected / off-grid relay 4 and a contactor 5 are connected in series and can be connected between the power converter and the power grid. The grid-connected / off-grid relay 4 and contactor 5 control the connection and disconnection between the power converter and the power grid. A load 6 can be connected between the power converter and the grid-connected / off-grid relay 4.

[0091] Bypass switch 3 is connected in parallel across the on / off-grid relay 4 and contactor 5. Bypass switch 3 functions as a bypass: Under normal circumstances, bypass switch 3 remains in the off state, and the on / off-grid relay 4 and contactor 5 control the connection and disconnection between the power converter and the grid. In some cases, bypass switch 3 can be manually closed, short-circuiting (or bypassing) the on / off-grid relay 4 and contactor 5, allowing load 6 to draw power from the grid through bypass switch 3 (explained below).

[0092] When the power grid fails, the backup box can operate in off-grid mode, the PE relay 2 is closed, and the off-grid relay 4 and the contactor 5 are both disconnected, and the power supply side supplies power to the load 6.

[0093] When the power grid returns to normal, the backup power box switches to grid-connected mode, the PE relay 2 is disconnected, the grid-connected relay 4 and the contactor 5 are closed, and the load 6 is connected to both the power converter and the grid to achieve dual power supply.

[0094] The dual-power system consisting of a power converter and a power grid requires single-point grounding. That is, when the power converter's neutral point is grounded, the grid's neutral point remains ungrounded. Conversely, when the grid's neutral point is grounded, the power converter's neutral point remains ungrounded. Otherwise, the dual-power system will have two grounding points. The potential difference between the two grounding points can cause circulating currents, ultimately leading to power system anomalies. Single-point grounding requires interlocking of the PE relay 2, the on-grid relay 4, and the contactor 5. That is, when the PE relay 2 is closed, the on-grid relay 4 and contactor 5 must also be opened; conversely, when the PE relay 2 is opened, the on-grid relay 4 and contactor 5 must also be closed.

[0095] In addition, when the power supply side cannot supply power, or the PE relay 2, the grid-connecting and off-grid relay 4 and the contactor 5 are all faulty, the bypass switch 3 can be manually closed to make the bypass switch 3 play a bypass role, thereby allowing the load 6 to draw power from the grid through the bypass switch 3.

[0096] Based on the above description, it can be understood that the PE relay 2, grid-connected and off-grid relay 4, and contactor 5 in the conventional backup power box require the auxiliary power supply 1 to send DC control signals to control their operation, resulting in more complex control signals and feedback signals. Due to the timing differences of different control signals and device manufacturing errors, the switching actions of the above devices cannot accurately and synchronously meet the system's rapid switching requirements. In addition, the bypass switch 3, contactor 5 and other devices are large in size and are all connected by cables, resulting in a large backup box, complex wiring, and difficulty in automated mass production.

[0097] In view of this, the embodiments of the present application provide an on-grid and off-grid switching device and a power supply system, which can improve the above-mentioned defects of conventional backup power boxes. Detailed description is given below.

[0098] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing a working scenario of the power supply system 10 according to an embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that Figure 4 is merely an illustrative example and does not limit the actual product architecture.

[0099] As shown in FIG4 , the power supply system 10 may include a DC power supply and a power converter 13. The DC power supply may include a photovoltaic array 11 and an energy storage device 12. The power converter 13 is electrically connected to both the photovoltaic array 11 and the energy storage device 12. The power converter 13 includes, but is not limited to, an inverter and a PCS. The DC power generated by the photovoltaic array 11 may be input into the power converter 13, converted into AC power by the power converter 13, and then output to the load 6. The excess DC power generated by the photovoltaic array 11 may be converted by the power converter 13 and stored in the energy storage device 12. When electrical energy is needed, the power converter 13 may convert the DC power of the energy storage device 12 into AC power and output it to the load 6.

[0100] In other embodiments, the electric energy stored in the energy storage device 12 is not limited to coming from the photovoltaic array 11 , and may also come from other new energy power generation methods such as wind power generation.

[0101] As shown in Figure 4, the output side of the power converter 13 can be connected to the PEN line, and the PEN line can be divided into the PE line and the N line. In another example, the output side of the power converter 13 can be directly connected to the PE line and the N line respectively, rather than dividing the PE line and the N line from the PEN line.

[0102] As shown in Figure 4, the power supply system 10 may further include an on-grid switching device 14, which is connected to both the PE line and the N line. The on-grid switching device 10 may include, but is not limited to, a backup power box, a distribution box, and the like.

[0103] As shown in Figure 4 , the on-grid / off-grid switching device 14 may include an auxiliary power supply 15, an on / off control device 14a, an integrated switch device 16, a controller, a voltage sensor, a circuit board, and the like. The auxiliary power supply 15, on / off control device 14a, integrated switch device 16, the controller, and the voltage sensor are all arranged on the circuit board. The circuit board can be connected to the power converter 13, the load 6, and the power grid via terminals and cables, thereby enabling the integrated switch device 16 to connect to the power converter 13, the load 6, and the power grid. It should be understood that the components of the on-grid / off-grid switching device 14 described above are merely exemplary. Depending on actual needs, the on-grid / off-grid switching device 14 may include more or fewer components. For example, the on-grid / off-grid switching device 14 may not include a voltage sensor or a circuit board.

[0104] As shown schematically in Figure 4, an auxiliary power supply 15 can be electrically connected to the power converter 13 and the power grid. The auxiliary power supply 15 can receive AC power from the power converter 13 or the power grid, thereby implementing a backup power supply design. The auxiliary power supply 15 can include an AC-DC circuit that converts the AC power from the power converter 13 or the power grid into DC power. The auxiliary power supply 15 is electrically connected to the integrated switch device 16 via an on / off control device 14a. The auxiliary power supply 15 can provide a DC control signal to the integrated switch device 16, which is used to control the closing and opening of the integrated switch device 16.

[0105] In one embodiment, an auxiliary power supply 15 may be provided on the power supply side and the grid side, respectively. The input end of one auxiliary power supply 15 may be connected to the power converter 13, the input end of the other auxiliary power supply 15 may be connected to the grid, and the output ends of both auxiliary power supplies 15 may be connected to the integrated switch device 16. In another embodiment, one auxiliary power supply 15 may be provided, the first input end of the auxiliary power supply 15 may be connected to the power converter 13, the second input end of the auxiliary power supply 15 may be connected to the grid, and the output end of the auxiliary power supply 15 may be connected to the integrated switch device 16.

[0106] In one embodiment, the auxiliary power supply 15 does not receive AC power from the power converter 13 or the power grid and then converts the AC power into DC power, but can receive DC power from the photovoltaic array 11, the energy storage device 12 or other DC power sources and provide a DC control signal to the integrated switching device 16.

[0107] In the embodiment of the present application, the on-off control device 14a is a switching device, which may include, for example, a signal relay or a power electronic switch (such as a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) or an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). The on-off control device 14a is used to change state under the control of the controller, thereby controlling the operation of the integrated switching device 16, which will be described in detail below.

[0108] As shown in FIG4 , integrated switch device 16 is connected between power converter 13 and the power grid. The side where integrated switch device 16 is electrically connected to power converter 13 can be referred to as the power supply side, and the side where integrated switch device 16 is electrically connected to the power grid can be referred to as the power grid side. Load 6 is connected between power converter 13 and integrated switch device 16.

[0109] The integrated switch device 16 shown in Figure 4 can be adapted to a three-phase load 6 that needs to be connected to the N line. Referring to Figure 4, the integrated switch device 16 may include a first contact assembly, a second contact assembly, and a third contact assembly (described below) arranged in the same housing, wherein: the first contact assembly is used to connect the PE line, and the first contact assembly is represented by switch Kpe. The second contact assembly is used to connect the phase line, such as the A phase line (or the first phase line), the B phase line (or the second phase line), or the C phase line (or the third phase line). Schematically, there can be three second contact assemblies, represented by switches Ka, Kb, and Kc, respectively. Switch Ka can be connected to the A phase line, switch Kb can be connected to the B phase line, and switch Kc can be connected to the C phase line. The third contact assembly is used to connect the N line, and the third contact assembly is represented by switch Kn.

[0110] It is understood that the integrated switch device 16 can also accommodate three-phase loads not connected to the neutral line, as well as single-phase loads. For example, as shown in FIG5 , load 62 is a three-phase load not connected to the neutral line. It can be connected to the A-phase line, the B-phase line, and the C-phase line, respectively. Load 62 can be electrically connected to switches Ka, Kb, and Kc of the integrated switch device 16. Load 61 is a single-phase load. For example, load 61 can be connected to the C-phase line and the neutral line, respectively. Load 61 can be electrically connected to switches Kc and Kn of the integrated switch device 16.

[0111] In addition, as shown in FIG5 , multiple (e.g., two) integrated switch devices 16 can be connected in series in the on-grid switching device 14. This ensures a larger switching distance, meets safety regulations, and enhances control reliability. In other embodiments, as needed, the on-grid switching device of the present application embodiment may include only one integrated switch device 16.

[0112] In other embodiments, the integrated switch device may not include a third contact assembly, and the integrated switch device may have three second contact assemblies, each of which is connected to the A-phase line, the B-phase line, and the C-phase line, respectively. The integrated switch device can accommodate a three-phase load without a neutral line. Alternatively, the integrated switch device may include a third contact assembly, and the integrated switch device may have one second contact assembly, which can be connected to any one of the A-phase line, the B-phase line, and the C-phase line. The integrated switch device can be connected to a single-phase load.

[0113] In one embodiment, the integrated switch device 16 may be a magnetic latching switch. The state of the integrated switch device 16 is triggered by different DC control signals. The integrated switch device 16 relies on the magnetic field of the permanent magnet in the integrated switch device 16 to maintain the state, and can maintain the state even after power is removed. For example, when the integrated switch device 16 receives a first DC signal, the integrated switch device 16 is in one state, and the integrated switch device 16 can maintain this state after power is removed. When the integrated switch device 16 receives a second DC signal, the integrated switch device 16 is in another state, and the integrated switch device 16 can maintain this state after power is removed.

[0114] In another embodiment, the integrated switch device 16 can be an electrically maintained switch. This requires the device to maintain current flow, meaning it must continuously receive a DC control signal to maintain its state. If power is lost, the device switches state. Specifically, the device maintains current flow in one state and disconnects current flow in another. The following describes the embodiments of this application using the integrated switch device 16 shown in FIG. 4 as an example.

[0115] The controller in the on-grid switching device 14 is electrically connected to both the voltage sensor and the on / off control device 14a. The voltage sensor is used to detect the grid voltage. The controller is used to determine whether the grid voltage is less than or equal to a threshold value based on the detection result of the voltage sensor. The threshold value can be determined based on actual needs, for example, 70% of the rated voltage value.

[0116] 4 , when the grid voltage is less than or equal to the threshold, it means that a grid fault occurs and the off-grid switching device 14 needs to enter the off-grid mode, so the controller can control the on-off control device 14a to be in the first state.

[0117] In one embodiment, the integrated switch device 16 may be a magnetic latching switch. The on / off control device 14a may include multiple switches. The controller may send a first pulse signal to the on / off control device 14a to place the on / off control device 14a in a first state. The first pulse signal may be, for example, a square wave, and is used to control the on / off switching of the multiple switches. For example, the first pulse signal may turn on some switches in the on / off control device 14a and turn off others. At this point, the DC control signal output by the auxiliary power supply 15 passes through the on / off control device 14a and becomes a first DC signal, which is input to the integrated switch device 16. In response to this first DC signal, the integrated switch device 16 operates to close switch Kpe and open switches Ka, Kb, Kc, and Kn. The closing of switch Kpe and the opening of switches Ka, Kb, and Kc may occur simultaneously or substantially simultaneously, i.e., the closing of the first contact assembly and the opening of the second contact assembly may occur simultaneously or substantially simultaneously. At this point, the integrated switch device 16 operates in off-grid mode.

[0118] Alternatively, in another embodiment, the integrated switch device 16 is an electrically maintained switch. The on-off control device 14a may include a first switch. The controller may control the first switch to be disconnected, and when the first switch is disconnected, the on-off control device 14a is in a first state. When the on-off control device 14a is in the first state, the integrated switch device 16 cannot receive the DC control signal output by the auxiliary power supply 15. At this time, the integrated switch device 16 activates, closing switch Kpe and disconnecting switches Ka, Kb, Kc, and Kn. The closing of switch Kpe and the disconnection of switches Ka, Kb, and Kc may occur simultaneously or substantially simultaneously, even if the first contact assembly is closed and the second contact assembly is disconnected simultaneously or substantially simultaneously. At this time, the integrated switch device 16 operates in off-grid mode.

[0119] 4 , when the grid voltage is greater than the threshold, it means that the grid is normal and the on-grid and off-grid switching device 14 needs to be switched to the grid-connected mode, so the controller can control the on-off control device 14a to be in the second state.

[0120] If the integrated switch device 16 is a magnetic latching switch, the on-off control device 14a may include multiple switches, and the controller may send a second pulse signal to the on-off control device 14a to place the on-off control device 14a in a second state. The second pulse signal may be, for example, a square wave, and is used to control the on-off or off-off state of the multiple switches. For example, the second pulse signal may turn on some switches in the on-off control device 14a and turn off others. The switches that are turned on in the on-off control device 14a upon receiving the second pulse signal may be different from the switches that are turned on in the on-off control device 14a upon receiving the first pulse signal; and the switches that are turned off in the on-off control device 14a upon receiving the second pulse signal may be different from the switches that are turned off in the on-off control device 14a upon receiving the first pulse signal. In this case, the DC control signal output by the auxiliary power supply 15 becomes a second DC signal after passing through the on-off control device 14a. The current direction of the second DC signal is opposite to that of the first DC signal, and the second DC signal is input into the integrated switch device 16. In response to the second DC signal, the integrated switch device 16 operates to open switch Kpe and close switches Ka, Kb, Kc, and Kn. The opening of switch Kpe and the closing of switches Ka, Kb, and Kc may occur simultaneously or substantially simultaneously, i.e., the first contact assembly opens and the second contact assembly closes simultaneously or substantially simultaneously. At this point, the integrated switch device 16 operates in grid-connected mode.

[0121] In the case where the integrated switch device 16 is an electrically maintained switch, the on / off control device 14a may include a first switch, and the controller may control the first switch to close. When the first switch is closed, the on / off control device 14a is in a second state. When the on / off control device 14a is in the second state, the integrated switch device 16 is capable of receiving a DC control signal output by the auxiliary power supply 15. In this state, the integrated switch device 16 responds to the DC control signal, opening switch Kpe and closing switches Ka, Kb, Kc, and Kn. The opening of switch Kpe and the closing of switches Ka, Kb, and Kc may occur simultaneously or substantially simultaneously, even if the first contact assembly is opened and the second contact assembly is closed simultaneously or substantially simultaneously. In this state, the integrated switch device 16 operates in a grid-connected mode. The aforementioned controller determining whether the grid voltage is less than or equal to a threshold based on the detection results of the voltage sensor, and thereby determining whether the grid is faulty or operating normally, is merely an example and does not limit the present embodiments. The present embodiments may employ any suitable method to detect the grid status.

[0122] It is easy to understand from the above description that the integrated switch device 16 integrates the functions of the PE relay and the on-grid and off-grid relay in the conventional solution. The above on-grid and off-grid switching process will be further described below.

[0123] As shown in Figure 4, schematically, the integrated switch device 16 can have an exposed portion, and the structure of the exposed portion can be, for example, a handle (which will be described below). The exposed portion can be operated to disconnect the switch Kpe, and the switches Ka, Kb, Kc, and Kn are all closed to connect the power converter 13 to the grid and open the connection between the power converter 13 and the PE line, so that the grid supplies power to the load 6, realizing the bypass function. Among them, the disconnection of the switch Kpe and the closing of the switches Ka, Kb, and Kc can occur simultaneously or substantially simultaneously. Therefore, the integrated switch device 16 can also integrate the function of the bypass switch in the conventional solution. In other embodiments, the integrated switch device 16 may not be provided with an exposed handle, but can still be manually operated to realize the bypass function (for example, manually operated using a tool); or, the integrated switch device 16 may not have a bypass function.

[0124] As described above, since the integrated switch device 16 can integrate the functions of the conventional PE relay, grid-connected / off-grid relay, bypass switch, etc., and only requires one control signal to operate, the complexity of the control and feedback signals is greatly simplified. By reducing or avoiding the timing differences between different control signals and the manufacturing errors between different components, the control consistency can be improved, the system's rapid switching requirements can be met more accurately and synchronously, and costs can be saved. The integrated design of the integrated switch device 16 is conducive to reducing its size.

[0125] Illustratively, the integrated switch device 16 can be a board-mounted switch, meaning it can be soldered onto a circuit board. This eliminates the need for cable connections, simplifies wiring, and facilitates automated mass production. In another embodiment, depending on product requirements, the on-grid switching device 14 may not include a circuit board. Instead, the integrated switch device 16 may be connected to the power converter and the grid via cables. The auxiliary power supply 15 may also not be located on the circuit board.

[0126] Furthermore, the integrated integrated switch device 16 simplifies the auxiliary power supply 15. For example, since the auxiliary power supply 15 only needs to output a DC control signal to the integrated switch device 16, the auxiliary power supply 15 needs to output fewer voltage levels, resulting in a simpler circuit structure. In contrast, in conventional solutions, the auxiliary power supply 1 needs to output different voltages to the PE relay 2, the on-grid relay 4, and the contactor 5, respectively. This results in a larger number of voltage levels required to be output by the auxiliary power supply 15, and a more complex circuit structure. For another example, the auxiliary power supply 15 only needs to output one DC control signal, and interlocking is achieved by relying on the internal structure of the integrated switch device 16 (described below). This simplifies both the circuit structure and the mechanical structure of the auxiliary power supply 15. However, in conventional solutions, the auxiliary power supply 1 needs to output two "interlocking" signals to drive the PE relay 2, the on-grid relay 4, and the contactor 5, respectively, resulting in a more complex circuit structure and mechanical structure of the auxiliary power supply 1.

[0127] Furthermore, by designing the integrated switch device 16, the grid-connected and off-grid switching device 14 can meet safety regulations, eliminating the need for a contactor. For example, the contact assembly in the integrated switch device 16 can have a larger opening distance, such as greater than or equal to 2.5 mm; and / or at least two integrated switch devices 16 can be connected in series.

[0128] The mechanical structure of the integrated switch device 16 in the on-grid and off-grid switching device 14 will be described in detail below.

[0129] Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the assembled structure of the integrated switch device 16 and the circuit board 30 in the on-grid and off-grid switching device 14. Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the three-dimensional structure of the integrated switch device 16.

[0130] 4 and 6 , the circuit board 30 is provided with a circuit electrically connected to the phase line of the power converter 13 , the neutral line of the power converter 13 , the phase line of the grid, the neutral line of the grid, the PE line and the load 6 .

[0131] 6 and 7 , the terminals of the integrated switch device 16 can be welded to the circuit board 30. For example, the static contact terminal 251, the movable contact terminal 252, the movable contact terminal 261, the static contact terminal 262, the static contact terminal 271, the movable contact terminal 272, the static contact terminal 281, the movable contact terminal 282, the static contact terminal 291, and the movable contact terminal 292 can all be welded to the circuit board 30. The integrated switch device 16 can be electrically connected to the phase line of the power converter 13, the N line of the power converter 13, the phase line of the power grid, the N line of the power grid, the PE line, and the load 6 through the circuit board 30.

[0132] 8 and 9 are schematic diagrams of the exploded structure of the integrated switch device 16 , and FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of some components in the integrated switch device 16 .

[0133] As shown in Figures 8 to 10, the integrated switch device 16 may include a first housing 17, an electromagnet 19, a baffle 20, a bracket 21, a first drive rod 22, a second drive rod 23, a partition 24, a contact assembly 25, a contact assembly 26, a contact assembly 27, a contact assembly 28, a contact assembly 29, and a second housing 18. The electromagnet 19, the bracket 21, and the baffle 20 may be located on one side of the thickness direction of the partition 24 (e.g., the upper side in the perspective of Figure 9), and the contact assembly 25, the contact assembly 26, the contact assembly 27, the contact assembly 28, and the contact assembly 29 may be located on the other side of the thickness direction of the partition 24 (e.g., the lower side in the perspective of Figure 9). The first shell 17 and the second shell 18 can cooperate with each other and accommodate the electromagnet 19, the baffle 20, the bracket 21, the first driving rod 22, the second driving rod 23, the partition 24, the contact assembly 25, the contact assembly 26, the contact assembly 27, the contact assembly 28 and the contact assembly 29.

[0134] In this embodiment, the electromagnet 19 and the bracket 21 can be collectively referred to as a drive device, the first drive rod 22 and the second drive rod 23 can be collectively referred to as a drive rod, and the drive device and the drive rod can be collectively referred to as a control device. The contact assembly 25 can also be referred to as a first contact assembly, the contact assemblies 27, 28, and 29 can all be referred to as second contact assemblies, and the contact assembly 26 can also be referred to as a third contact assembly.

[0135] FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of the integrated switch device 16 shown in FIG7 along the A direction. In order to clearly show the internal structure, the first shell 17 and the second shell 18 are represented by dotted lines.

[0136] As shown in Figure 11, schematically, with the partition 24 as the boundary, the integrated switch device 16 can have a double-layer three-dimensional structure, with the electromagnet 19 located on the upper layer and the contact assemblies located on the lower layer. This double-layer layout can avoid the defects of the conventional solution where the electromagnet and the contact assembly are arranged on the same layer, such as the longer product length, the longer driving rod size, and the insufficient movement reliability. In addition, the electromagnet 19 is a low-voltage circuit, and the contact assemblies are relatively high-voltage circuits. By separating the low-voltage circuit from the high-voltage circuit through the partition, the influence of the heat of the high-voltage circuit on the low-voltage circuit can be reduced or avoided, and the coil action drift caused by the heat of the electromagnet 19 can be improved (the resistance of the coil of the electromagnet 19 will fluctuate with temperature changes, and the resistance fluctuation will cause the magnetic attraction to fluctuate, and then the action drift will occur), thereby ensuring the action accuracy and reliability of the electromagnet 19 and the integrated switch device 16.

[0137] In this embodiment, for example, contact assembly 25 and contact assembly 26 can be used as contact assemblies to connect the PE line and the N line, respectively. In this case, the current on contact assembly 25 and contact assembly 26 is relatively small, and the heat generated is relatively small. Contact assembly 27, contact assembly 28, and contact assembly 29 can be used as contact assemblies to connect the A phase line, the B phase line, and the C phase line, respectively. In this case, the current on contact assembly 27, contact assembly 28, and contact assembly 29 is relatively large, and the heat generated is relatively large.

[0138] As shown in Figure 11, a two-dimensional coordinate system can be constructed within the integrated switch device 16, with the horizontal axis X roughly parallel to the partition 24, and four quadrants can be constructed. In conjunction with Figures 8, 9, and 11, the first housing 17, bracket 21, partition 24, and second housing 18 can enclose a cavity 16a (which may be referred to as a heat dissipation cavity 16a), which can be located in the first quadrant. The partition 24 has multiple through-holes (described below) that connect to the heat dissipation cavity 16a. Hot air from the third and fourth quadrants can rise to the heat dissipation cavity 16a through the through-holes in the partition 24, and the heat within the heat dissipation cavity 16a can be dissipated through appropriate means. The electromagnet 19 can be roughly located in the second quadrant, which can also be referred to as the control space. The contact assemblies 25 and 26 are roughly located in the third quadrant, which can also be referred to as the high-voltage, low-power space. Contact assemblies 27, 28, and 29 are generally located in the fourth quadrant, which can also be referred to as the high-voltage, high-power space. Because contact assemblies 27, 28, and 29, which generate relatively high heat, are located farther from electromagnet 19, electromagnet 19 is less susceptible to heat. Furthermore, this four-quadrant layout improves space utilization within integrated switchgear 16.

[0139] Figure 10 illustrates the structure of the first shell 17 from another perspective. As shown in Figure 12, the first shell 17 can be roughly a square cover-shaped structure with one end open. Schematically, a number of teeth 17c can be formed on the side wall of the first shell 17, and grooves are formed between adjacent teeth 17c. A buckle 17b can also be formed on the side wall of the first shell 17, and the buckle 17b can be formed on two opposite side walls, for example. A groove 17d can be formed on the bottom wall of the first shell 17, and there can be two grooves 17d, for example. A hole 17e can also be formed on the bottom wall of the first shell 17, and the hole 17e can be, for example, a blind hole. A through hole 17a can also be formed on the bottom wall of the first shell 17, and the shape of the through hole 17a can be, for example, roughly a parallelogram. The above-mentioned structural features of the first shell 17 are used to cooperate with other components, which will be further explained below. It can be understood that the structure of the first shell 17 described above is merely an example and is not a limitation of the embodiments of the present application.

[0140] Figures 13 and 14 are schematic diagrams of the structure of the second shell 18 from different perspectives. As shown in Figures 13 and 14, the second shell 18 can be roughly a square cover-like structure with one end open. Schematically, a number of slots 18a can be formed on the sidewalls of the second shell 18. These slots 18a can be relatively shallow and spaced relatively far apart from the bottom wall of the second shell 18. A plurality of through holes 18c, for example, ten through holes 18c, can also be formed on one sidewall of the second shell 18. One end of a through hole 18c (for example, the upper end in Figure 13) can extend through the sidewall, while the other opposite end of the through hole 18c (for example, the lower end in Figure 13) can be adjacent to the bottom wall. A snap 18b can also be formed on the sidewalls of the second shell 18. The snap 18b can, for example, be formed on two opposing sidewalls. The second shell 18 can also be formed with a plurality of retaining structures 18d. These retaining structures 18d can be protruding from the bottom wall, and at least a portion of the retaining structures 18d can be connected to the sidewall. This embodiment does not limit the specific structure of the limiting structure 18d. A portion of the limiting structure 18d can enclose a plurality of spaces 18e together with the side wall, for example, five spaces 18e. A plurality of serrated structures 18f can also be formed on the second shell 18. The serrated structure 18f can be composed of a plurality of teeth (or bosses) arranged in sequence. The serrated structure 18f can be connected to the limiting structure 18d and / or the side wall, for example. The design of the serrated structure 18f can increase the contact area between the second shell 18 and the air, thereby improving the heat dissipation capacity. It can be understood that the structure of the second shell 18 described above is merely an example and is not a limitation of the embodiment of the present application.

[0141] The above description of the housing of the integrated switch device 16 as comprising a first housing 17 and a second housing 18 is merely an example and does not limit the embodiments of the present application. In fact, the housing of the integrated switch device 16 can be designed as needed and can include more or fewer components.

[0142] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the partition 24. As shown in Figure 15, the partition 24 can be roughly in the shape of a square plate. Schematically, a plurality of bosses 24a can be formed on the edge of the partition 24, and grooves are formed between adjacent bosses 24a. Holes 24b, holes 24d and a plurality of through holes 24e can be provided in the partition 24. Hole 24b can be, for example, a square through hole or a square blind hole, and there can be two holes 24b. Hole 24d can be, for example, a circular through hole or a circular blind hole. The plurality of through holes 24e can be arranged in an array, for example. Several notches 24c can also be formed on the edge of the partition 24, for example, ten notches 24c are formed. It can be understood that the structure of the partition 24 described above is merely an example and is not a limitation of the embodiments of the present application. In another embodiment, the partition 24 may not be provided in the integrated switch device 16.

[0143] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of the assembled structure of the electromagnet 19, the bracket 21 and the baffle 20, and FIG17 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the assembly shown in FIG16.

[0144] As shown in Figures 16 and 17, the electromagnet 19 may include a shaft 197, a first gasket 192, a first magnetic yoke 193, a second gasket 198, a second magnetic yoke 196, a coil 191, a first armature 195a, a second armature 195b, a permanent magnet 199, and a magnet cover 194. The first gasket 192 and the first magnetic yoke 193 may be fixedly connected, both of which may be fixed to one end of the shaft 197; the second gasket 198 and the second magnetic yoke 196 may be fixedly connected, both of which may be fixed to the other end of the shaft 197. The ends of the first magnetic yoke 193 and the second magnetic yoke 196 may be bent toward each other, and a gap may be formed between the ends of the first magnetic yoke 193 and the ends of the second magnetic yoke 196, thereby forming an opening 19a. The coil 191 may be fixed to the shaft 197 and located between the first gasket 192 and the second gasket 198.

[0145] Figures 18 and 19 are schematic diagrams of the structure of the bracket 21 from different perspectives. As shown in Figures 18 and 19, the bracket 21 may include a first wall 21b, a second wall 21f, and a third wall 21c. The third wall 21c connects the first wall 21b and the second wall 21f, forming a roughly U-shaped structure. The first wall 21b and the third wall 21c may be substantially perpendicular, and the second wall 21f and the third wall 21c may be substantially perpendicular. The third wall 21c may be provided with a positioning post 21e and a positioning post 21g, each of which may have a gap between them. Both the positioning post 21e and the positioning post 21g may be located between the first wall 21b and the second wall 21f, with a gap between the positioning post 21e and the first wall 21b and the second wall 21f, and a gap between the positioning post 21g and the first wall 21b and the second wall 21f. Both the positioning post 21e and the positioning post 21g may have a positioning hole 21h. A rotating shaft 21d may also be provided on the side of the third wall 21c facing away from the positioning hole 21h, and the rotating shaft 21d is also the rotation axis of the bracket 21. Schematically, the bracket 21 may also include a handle 21a, which may be connected to the first wall 21b, and located on the side of the first wall 21b facing away from the third wall 21c. The handle 21a is at a certain distance from the rotating shaft 21d, or the handle 21a may be located on one side of the rotation axis of the bracket 21. In other embodiments, the handle 21a may also be connected to the second wall 21f. Or, depending on product requirements, the handle 21a may not be provided. It will be understood that the structure of the bracket 21 described above is merely an example and is not a limitation of the embodiments of the present application.

[0146] 16 and 17 , the blocking piece 20 may be mounted on the handle 21 a and may move along with the handle 21 a (described below).

[0147] FIG20 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the magnet cover 194. As shown in FIG20, the magnet cover 194 can be roughly Y-shaped. The magnet cover 194 can include a positioning post 194a, a positioning post 194b, and a positioning post 194d. The positioning post 194b and the positioning post 194d can be connected to form a roughly U-shape. The positioning post 194b and the positioning post 194d can be connected to the same end of the positioning post 194a. The end of the positioning post 194b facing away from the positioning post 194a and the end of the positioning post 194d facing away from the positioning post 194a can both be provided with a positioning pin 194c. It will be understood that the structure of the magnet cover 194 described above is merely an example and does not limit the embodiments of the present application.

[0148] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the first armature 195a, the second armature 195b, the permanent magnet 199, the magnet cover 194, and the bracket 21. As shown in Figures 17, 18, 20, and 21, the first armature 195a, the permanent magnet 199, the second armature 195b, and the magnet cover 194 can all be installed between the first wall 21b and the second wall 21f of the bracket 21. The first wall 21b, the first armature 195a, the second armature 195b, and the second wall 21f can be arranged in sequence. Illustratively, the first armature 195a can be located within the gap between the first wall 21b and the positioning post 21e, and the second armature 195b can be located within the gap between the second wall 21f and the positioning post 21e. The permanent magnet 199 can be installed within the gap between the positioning post 21e and the positioning post 21g, and between the first armature 195a and the second armature 195b. The magnet cover 194 is positioned between the first armature 195a and the second armature 195b. The locating pin 194c on the locating post 194b of the magnet cover 194 can be inserted into the locating hole 21h on the locating post 21e of the bracket 21, so that the locating post 194b mates with the locating post 21e. The locating pin 194c on the locating post 194d of the magnet cover 194 can be inserted into the locating hole 21h on the locating post 21g of the bracket 21, so that the locating post 194d mates with the locating post 21g. The magnet cover 194 can cover the permanent magnet 199. Thus, the magnet cover 194, the first armature 195a, and the second armature 195b together cover the permanent magnet 199.

[0149] Figure 22 illustrates, from a top-down perspective, the positional relationship between the assembly structure shown in Figure 21 and the first and second yokes 193, 196 of the electromagnet 19. As shown in Figures 21 and 22, the first armature 195a and the second armature 195b can both be located near the opening 19a. The first armature 195a can be located on the side of the opening 19a away from the coil 191, while the second armature 195b can be located on the side of the opening 19a closer to the coil 191. The first armature 195a and the second armature 195b can both be adjacent to the first and second yokes 193, 196. The magnet cover 194 and the permanent magnet 199 covered by the magnet cover 194 can be located approximately within the opening 19a. The rotating shaft 21d of the bracket 21 can form a rotational fit with the hole 24d on the partition 24 (to be described below).

[0150] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first drive rod 22. As shown in Figure 23, the first drive rod 22 can include a first portion 22a, a second portion 22b, and a third portion 22c, which are connected in sequence. The first portion 22a and the third portion 22c can be located on opposite sides of the second portion 22b. The first portion 22a and the second portion 22b can form an angle that is approximately 90 degrees. The third portion 22c and the second portion 22b can form an angle that is approximately 90 degrees. For example, there can be two third portions 22c, with a certain distance between the two third portions 22c.

[0151] As shown in Figure 23, schematically, the first portion 22a may be provided with a groove 22d, which may extend along the length of the first portion 22a and may or may not extend through the first portion 22a. The third portion 22c may be provided with a groove 22e, which may extend along the length of the third portion 22c and may or may not extend through the third portion 22c. It will be understood that the structure of the first drive rod 22 described above is merely an example and does not limit the embodiments of the present application. For example, the first drive rod 22 may have only one third portion 22c; the first drive rod 22 may not have grooves 22d and / or 22e.

[0152] In the embodiment of the present application, the first drive rod 22 is used to connect the drive device to the first contact assembly and, in one embodiment, may also connect to the third contact assembly. The structure of the first drive rod 22 described above is merely an example and is not intended to limit the embodiment of the present application. In practice, the structure of the first drive rod 22 can be designed as needed, as long as it can achieve the aforementioned connection function.

[0153] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second drive rod 23. As shown in Figure 24, the second drive rod 23 can include a first portion 23a, a second portion 23b, and a third portion 23c, which are connected in sequence. The first portion 23a and the third portion 23c can be located on opposite sides of the second portion 23b. The first portion 23a and the second portion 23b can form an angle that is approximately 90 degrees. The third portion 23c and the second portion 23b can form an angle that is approximately 90 degrees. For example, there can be three third portions 23c, with a certain distance between each adjacent third portion 23c.

[0154] As shown in Figure 24 , schematically, the first portion 23a may be provided with a groove 23d, which may extend along the length of the first portion 23a and may or may not extend through the first portion 23a. The third portion 23c may be provided with a groove 23e, which may extend along the length of the third portion 23c and may or may not extend through the third portion 23c. It will be understood that the structure of the second drive rod 23 described above is merely an example and does not limit the embodiments of the present application. For example, the second drive rod 23 may have only one or two third portions 23c; the second drive rod 23 may not have grooves 23d and / or 23e.

[0155] In the embodiment of the present application, the second drive rod 23 is used to connect the drive device and the second contact assembly. The structure of the second drive rod 23 described above is merely an example and is not intended to limit the embodiment of the present application. In practice, the structure of the second drive rod 23 can be designed as needed, as long as it can achieve the aforementioned connection function.

[0156] FIG25 and FIG26 are schematic diagrams of the assembly structure of the electromagnet 19, the bracket 21, the first driving rod 22, the second driving rod 23 and the partition plate 24 at different viewing angles, respectively.

[0157] As shown in Figures 25 and 26, the electromagnet 19 and the bracket 21 can be located on one side of the partition 24, both in an area of ​​the partition 24 where the through-hole 24e is not provided. That is, the through-hole 24e, the electromagnet 19, and the bracket 21 can be located in different areas of the partition 24. As shown in conjunction with Figures 15 and 26, the first gasket 192 and the second gasket 198 of the electromagnet 19 can be inserted into the two holes 24b of the partition 24 to secure the electromagnet 19 to the partition 24. As shown in conjunction with Figures 15 and 21, the rotating shaft 21d of the bracket 21 can be inserted into the hole 24d of the partition 24, and the rotating shaft 21d can rotate within the hole 24d.

[0158] As shown in Figures 25 and 26, the first drive rod 22 and the second drive rod 23 can be located on opposite sides of the bracket 21. As shown in Figure 25, schematically, the first portion 22a of the first drive rod 22 can be located on the same side of the partition 24 as the bracket 21, and the second portion 22b and the third portion 22c of the first drive rod 22 can be located on the other side of the partition 24. One side of the first wall 21b of the bracket 21 can extend into the groove 22d of the first portion 22a. As shown in Figure 26, schematically, the first portion 23a of the second drive rod 23 can be located on the same side of the partition 24 as the bracket 21, and the second portion 23b and the third portion 23c of the second drive rod 23 can be located on the other side of the partition 24. The other side of the first wall 21b of the bracket 21 can extend into the groove 23d of the first portion 23a.

[0159] FIG27 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the contact assembly in the integrated switch device 16 , and FIG28 is a schematic diagram of the B-direction structure of the contact assembly shown in FIG27 .

[0160] As shown in Figures 27 and 28, the contact assembly 25 may include a static contact terminal 251 and a static contact 255 thereon. The contact assembly 25 may also include a moving contact terminal 252, a reed 253 and a moving contact 254, one end of the reed 253 may be fixed to the moving contact terminal 252, and the other end of the reed 253 may be connected to the first drive rod 22 (to be described below). The moving contact 254 may be fixed on the reed 253. Schematically, there may be multiple static contacts 255 and moving contacts 254, for example, two. The multi-contact design can improve the current carrying capacity of the contact assembly. When a large current is flowing, the current can be shunted, thereby reducing damage to the contacts. It can also improve the surge resistance of the contact assembly. In other embodiments, depending on product requirements, both the static contact 255 and the moving contact 254 can be one.

[0161] As shown in Figures 27 and 28, the contact assembly 26 may include a moving contact terminal 261, a reed 265 and a moving contact 264. One end of the reed 265 can be fixed to the moving contact terminal 261, and the other end of the reed 265 can be connected to the first drive rod 22 (to be explained below). The moving contact 264 can be fixed on the reed 265. The contact assembly 26 can also include a static contact terminal 262 and a static contact 263 thereon. Schematically, there can be multiple, for example two, static contacts 263 and moving contacts 264. The multi-contact design can improve the current carrying capacity of the contact assembly. When a large current is flowing, the current can be shunted, thereby reducing damage to the contacts. It can also improve the surge resistance of the contact assembly. In other embodiments, depending on product requirements, both the static contact 263 and the moving contact 264 can be one.

[0162] As shown in FIG28 , the contact assembly 25 and the contact assembly 26 can be roughly bilaterally symmetrical. The contact surface of the stationary contact 255 (the surface in contact with the movable contact 254, and so on below) and the contact surface of the stationary contact 263 can be arranged facing each other. The movable contact terminal 252 and the spring 253, as well as the movable contact terminal 261 and the spring 265, can be located between the stationary contact terminal 251 and the stationary contact terminal 262. To make contact between the contacts of the contact assembly 25, that is, to make contact between the movable contact 254 and the stationary contact 255 (or to close the contact assembly 25, and so on below), the spring 253 can drive the movable contact 254 to move away from the contact assembly 26. To close the contact assembly 26, the spring 265 can drive the movable contact 264 to move away from the contact assembly 25. This design allows for interlocking of contact assembly 25 and contact assembly 26. That is, when contact assembly 25 is closed, contact assembly 26 can be disconnected (or the contacts are separated, i.e., the movable contact 264 is separated from the stationary contact 263, and so on); when contact assembly 25 is disconnected, contact assembly 26 can be closed. Schematically, one of contact assembly 25 and contact assembly 26 can be connected to the PE line, and the other can be connected to the N line. For example, contact assembly 25 can be connected to the PE line, and contact assembly 26 can be connected to the N line; alternatively, contact assembly 25 can be connected to the N line, and contact assembly 26 can be connected to the PE line. The contact assembly connected to the PE line can correspond to the first contact assembly described above, and the contact terminal connected to the N line can correspond to the third contact assembly described above.

[0163] As shown in Figures 27 and 28, the contact assembly 27 may include a stationary contact terminal 271 and a stationary contact 275 thereon. The contact assembly 27 may also include a moving contact terminal 272, a reed 274, and a moving contact 273. One end of the reed 274 may be fixed to the moving contact terminal 272, and the other end of the reed 274 may be connected to the second drive rod 23 (described below). The moving contact 273 may be fixed to the reed 274. The reed 274 and the moving contact 273 may be located between the stationary contact terminal 271 and the moving contact terminal 272. Illustratively, there may be multiple stationary contacts 275 and multiple moving contacts 273, for example, two. This multi-contact design can improve the current carrying capacity of the contact assembly. It can shunt current when high current is flowing, thereby reducing contact damage. It can also improve the contact assembly's surge resistance. In other embodiments, depending on product requirements, there may be only one stationary contact 275 and one moving contact 273.

[0164] As shown in FIG28 , schematically, the end of the stationary contact terminal 271 away from the stationary contact 275 (referred to as the welding end, and similarly hereinafter), the movable contact 273 (and the stationary contact 275), and the end of the reed 274 fixed to the movable contact terminal 272 (referred to as the fixed end) can be arranged sequentially, with the welding end and the fixed end located on opposite sides of the movable contact 273. This design allows current in the stationary contact terminal 271 and the reed 274 to flow in the same direction, so that the electromotive force (when current flows through two closely spaced conductors, two conductors with current in the same direction attract each other, while two conductors with current in opposite directions repel each other; this force of attraction or repulsion is referred to as electromotive force) between the stationary contact terminal 271 and the stationary contact 275, and the reed 274 and the movable contact 273, becomes an attractive force, which helps reduce the risk of contact welding (to be described below).

[0165] As shown in Figure 28, schematically, the stationary contact terminal 271, the spring 274, and the movable contact terminal 272 can be arranged in sequence. The welding end of the stationary contact terminal 271 and the welding end of the movable contact terminal 272 can be located on the same side. The movable contact terminal 272 and the spring 274 can be bent and connected, and the angle between the two can be an acute angle, thereby connecting the movable contact terminal 272 and the spring 274 to form a nearly U-shaped structure. This design allows the current on the movable contact terminal 272 and the spring 274 to flow in opposite directions, so that the electric force between the movable contact terminal 272 and the spring 274 is a repulsive force, which helps to reduce the risk of contact welding (to be described below). In other embodiments, the welding end of the movable contact terminal 272 may not be located on the same side as the welding end of the stationary contact terminal 271, and the angle between the movable contact terminal 272 and the spring may not be an acute angle, for example, it can be approximately a right angle or an obtuse angle.

[0166] As shown in Figures 27 and 28, the structures of contact assembly 28 and contact assembly 29 may be substantially identical to those of contact assembly 27, and will not be repeated here. Specifically, contact assembly 28 may include a stationary contact terminal 281 and a stationary contact point 285 thereon, as well as a movable contact terminal 282, a spring 284, and a movable contact point 283; contact assembly 29 may include a stationary contact terminal 291 and a stationary contact point 295 thereon, as well as a movable contact terminal 292, a spring 294, and a movable contact point 293.

[0167] In this embodiment, contact assemblies 27 to 29 can each be connected to a phase line. For example, contact assembly 27 can be connected to phase line A, contact assembly 28 can be connected to phase line B, and contact assembly 29 can be connected to phase line C. Contact assemblies 27 to 29 can all correspond to the second contact assembly described above.

[0168] In this embodiment, for example, the contact assembly connecting the neutral line can have a smaller opening distance (i.e., the minimum distance between the moving and stationary contacts in the disconnected state) while the contact assembly connecting the phase line can have a larger opening distance. For example, the opening distance of contact assembly 26 can be smaller, while the opening distances of contact assemblies 27 through 29 (the opening distances of all three contact assemblies can be equal) can be larger. In other embodiments, this design of different opening distances can be omitted.

[0169] FIG29 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of each contact assembly, the first drive rod 22 , and the second drive rod 23 .

[0170] In this embodiment, the static contact terminal and the static contact point of each contact assembly may be collectively referred to as a static contact assembly, and the movable contact terminal, the spring and the movable contact point may be collectively referred to as a movable contact assembly.

[0171] As shown in Figures 28 and 29 , the movable contact assembly of the contact assembly 25 and the movable contact assembly of the contact assembly 26 can both be connected to the first drive rod 22. Illustratively, the end of the spring 253 of the contact assembly 25, which is away from the movable contact terminal 252, can be fixed in a groove 22e of one third portion 22c of the first drive rod 22; and the end of the spring 265 of the contact assembly 26, which is away from the movable contact terminal 261, can be fixed in a groove 22e of another third portion 22c of the first drive rod 22.

[0172] As shown in Figures 28 and 29 , the movable contact assemblies of contact assemblies 27 to 29 can all be connected to the second drive rod 23. Illustratively, the end of the spring 274 of contact assembly 27 not fixed to the movable contact terminal 272, the end of the spring 284 of contact assembly 28 not fixed to the movable contact terminal 282, and the end of the spring 294 of contact assembly 29 not fixed to the movable contact terminal 292 can be respectively fixed in a groove 23e of a third portion 23c of the second drive rod 23.

[0173] Figures 30 and 31 respectively illustrate the assembly structure diagram of the structure shown in Figure 29 and the second shell 18 from different perspectives. In order to clearly show the first drive rod 22 and the second drive rod 23, Figure 31 represents the first drive rod 22 and the second drive rod 23 with shadows.

[0174] As shown in Figures 13, 14, 29, and 30, each contact assembly can be installed in the second housing 18 and can occupy a space 18e in the second housing 18. The static contact terminal and the movable contact terminal of each contact assembly can extend through the through hole 18c to the outside of the second housing 18. For example, the contact assembly 25 can occupy the leftmost space 18e in Figure 30, and the static contact terminal 251 and the movable contact terminal 252 of the contact assembly 25 can each extend through a through hole 18c to the outside of the second housing 18.

[0175] 13 , 14 and 31 , each contact assembly can cooperate with the limiting structure 18 d of the second housing 18 . The limiting structure 18 d has a limiting effect on the contact assembly, thereby ensuring reliable assembly of the contact assembly.

[0176] As shown in Figures 29 and 30 , the first drive rod 22 can be installed in the second housing 18, the second portion 22b and the third portion 22c of the first drive rod 22 can both be located within the second housing 18, and the first portion 22a of the first drive rod 22 can be exposed outside the second housing 18. The second drive rod 23 can be installed in the second housing 18, the second portion 23b and the third portion 23c of the second drive rod 23 can both be located within the second housing 18, and the first portion 23a of the second drive rod 23 can be exposed outside the second housing 18.

[0177] Figure 32 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the structure shown in Figure 30 with the electromagnet 19, the bracket 21 and the baffle 20. Figure 33 illustrates the assembly structure shown in Figure 32 from a top view, wherein the second housing 18 is omitted for clarity.

[0178] As shown in Figure 32, the partition 24 can cooperate with the second shell 18 and cover the opening of the second shell 18. In combination with Figures 13, 15 and 32, schematically, a boss 24a of the partition 24 can be correspondingly inserted into a slot 18a of the second shell 18, and a notch 24c of the partition 24 can be aligned with a through hole 18c of the second shell 18. One end of the first wall 21b of the bracket 21 can cooperate with the first portion 22a of the first drive rod 22, and the other end of the first wall 21b can cooperate with the first portion 23a of the second drive rod 23. Schematically, as shown in Figure 33, one end of the first wall 21b can be inserted into the groove 22d of the first portion 22a, and the other end of the first wall 21b can be inserted into the groove 23d of the first portion 23a.

[0179] The assembly between the electromagnet 19, the bracket 21, the baffle 20 and the partition 24 has been described above and will not be repeated here.

[0180] As shown in conjunction with Figure 32 and Figure 8 , the buckle 17b of the first housing 17 can be engaged with the buckle 18b of the second housing 18, and the first housing 17 can press the partition 24, reliably securing the partition 24 between the first and second housings 17 and 18. Illustratively, a tooth 17c of the first housing 17 can be sequentially inserted into a notch 24c and a through-hole 18c. Each tooth 17c can contact a contact terminal. For example, one tooth 17c can contact the stationary contact terminal 251, and another tooth 17c can contact the movable contact terminal 252. Thus, the first housing 17 can press against each contact terminal, reliably retaining them within the second housing 18.

[0181] As shown in conjunction with Figure 12 , the end of the first gasket 192 of the electromagnet 19 facing away from the partition 24 and the end of the first yoke 193 facing away from the partition 24 can be inserted into a groove 17d of the first housing 17. The end of the second gasket 198 of the electromagnet 19 facing away from the partition 24 and the end of the second yoke 196 facing away from the partition 24 can be inserted into another groove 17d of the first housing 17. The positioning post 194a of the magnetic cover 194 can be inserted into the hole 17e of the first housing 17. This allows the first housing 17 to position the electromagnet 19, securely securing it between the first housing 17 and the partition 24. As shown in Figures 7 and 8 , the handle 21a can be passed through the through hole 17a of the first housing 17 to the outside of the first housing 17. As shown in Figure 8 , the blocking piece 20 can be located within the first housing 17, blocking the through hole 17a to prevent foreign matter from entering the integrated switch device 16 and ensure its reliability.

[0182] The structure of the integrated switch device 16 has been described in detail above. The following describes the working principle of the integrated switch device 16. For ease of description, the integrated switch device 16 is taken as a magnetic latching switch as an example.

[0183] Schematically, the contact assembly 25 may correspond to the first contact assembly (switch Kpe, or PE line switch) in FIG. 4 , and the static contact terminal 251 and the moving contact terminal 252 may be electrically connected to the PE line through the circuit board 30 .

[0184] Schematically, the contact assembly 26 may correspond to the third contact assembly (switch Kn, or N line switch) in FIG. 4 , and the moving contact terminal 261 and the static contact terminal 262 may be electrically connected to the N line through the circuit board 30 .

[0185] Schematically, the contact assembly 27 may correspond to a second contact assembly (switch Ka) in FIG. 4 , which may be referred to as an A-phase line switch, and the static contact terminal 271 and the moving contact terminal 272 may be electrically connected to the A-phase line through the circuit board 30 .

[0186] Schematically, schematically, the contact assembly 28 can correspond to a second contact assembly (switch Kb) in Figure 4, and the second contact assembly can be called a B-phase line switch, and the static contact terminal 281 and the moving contact terminal 282 can be electrically connected to the B-phase line through the circuit board 30.

[0187] Schematically, schematically, the contact assembly 29 can correspond to a second contact assembly (switch Kc) in Figure 4, and the second contact assembly can be called a C-phase line switch, and the static contact terminal 291 and the moving contact terminal 292 can be electrically connected to the C-phase line through the circuit board 30.

[0188] Referring to Figures 4 and 33 , when a power grid failure occurs, the auxiliary power supply 15 can send a first DC signal to the integrated switch device 16 via the control device 14a, causing a first current (e.g., a forward current) to flow through the coil 191 of the electromagnet 19. Schematically, the first magnetic yoke 193 can be magnetically attracted to the first armature 195a, and the second magnetic yoke 196 can be magnetically attracted to the second armature 195b. It can be assumed that both the first armature 195a and the second armature 195b are moving in a forward direction. The first armature 195a and the second armature 195b can drive the bracket 21 to rotate counterclockwise, so that the bracket 21 can drive the first drive rod 22 to move in the first direction and simultaneously drive the second drive rod 23 to move in the second direction. The first drive rod 22 and the second drive rod 23 can move simultaneously or substantially simultaneously. The first direction and the second direction are opposite to each other.

[0189] FIG34 illustrates how the first drive rod 22, moving in a first direction, drives the movable contact assemblies of contact assembly 25 and contact assembly 26, and how the second drive rod 23, moving in a second direction, drives the movable contact assemblies of contact assemblies 27 through 29. FIG34 also illustrates a circuit board 30.

[0190] As shown in Figure 34, the first driving rod 22 can drive the reed 253 and the reed 265 to move along the first direction, so that the moving contact 254 contacts the static contact 255, thereby closing the contact assembly 25; and separating the moving contact 264 from the static contact 263, thereby disconnecting the contact assembly 26.

[0191] As shown in FIG34 , the second drive rod 23 can drive the springs 274, 284, and 294 to move in the second direction, thereby separating the movable contact 273 from the stationary contact 275, thereby disconnecting the contact assembly 27; separating the movable contact 283 from the stationary contact 285, thereby disconnecting the contact assembly 28; and separating the movable contact 293 from the stationary contact 295, thereby disconnecting the contact assembly 29. The separation of the movable contact 273 from the stationary contact 275, the movable contact 283 from the stationary contact 285, and the movable contact 293 from the stationary contact 295, and the contact between the movable contact 254 and the stationary contact 255 can occur simultaneously or substantially simultaneously.

[0192] Because the first drive rod 22 and the second drive rod 23 can move synchronously, the integrated switch device 16 can close the contact assembly 25 and open the contact assemblies 26 to 29, thereby achieving interlocking of the contact assembly 25 with the contact assemblies 26 to 29. As can be understood from FIG34 and FIG4 , when the contact assembly of the integrated switch device 16 is in the state shown in FIG34 , the switch Kpe of the integrated switch device 16 is closed, and the switches Kn, Ka, Kb, and Kc are all open, thus enabling the integrated switch device 16 to operate in an off-grid mode.

[0193] As shown in conjunction with Figures 4 and 35 , when the power grid is operating normally, the auxiliary power supply 15 can send a second DC signal to the integrated switch device 16 via the on / off control device 14a, causing the coil 191 of the electromagnet 19 to flow a second current (e.g., a reverse current). Schematically, the first magnetic yoke 193 can be magnetically attracted to the second armature 195b, and the second magnetic yoke 196 can be magnetically attracted to the first armature 195a. It can be assumed that the first armature 195a and the second armature 195b both move in opposite directions. The first armature 195a and the second armature 195b can drive the bracket 21 to rotate clockwise, so that the bracket 21 can drive the first drive rod 22 to move in the second direction and simultaneously drive the second drive rod 23 to move in the first direction. The first drive rod 22 and the second drive rod 23 can move simultaneously or substantially simultaneously.

[0194] FIG36 illustrates how the first drive rod 22, moving in the second direction, drives the movable contact assemblies of contact assembly 25 and contact assembly 26, and how the second drive rod 23, moving in the first direction, drives the movable contact assemblies of contact assemblies 27 through 29. FIG36 also illustrates a circuit board 30.

[0195] As shown in Figure 36, the first driving rod 22 can drive the spring 253 and the spring 265 to move along the second direction, so that the moving contact 254 and the static contact 255 are separated, thereby disconnecting the contact assembly 25; and making the moving contact 264 contact with the static contact 263, thereby closing the contact assembly 26.

[0196] As shown in FIG36 , the second drive rod 23 can drive the reed 274, the reed 284, and the reed 294 to move in the first direction, so that the movable contact 273 contacts the stationary contact 275, thereby closing the contact assembly 27; the movable contact 283 contacts the stationary contact 285, thereby closing the contact assembly 28; and the movable contact 293 contacts the stationary contact 295, thereby closing the contact assembly 29. The contact between the movable contact 273 and the stationary contact 275, the movable contact 283 and the stationary contact 285, and the movable contact 293 and the stationary contact 295, and the separation of the movable contact 254 and the stationary contact 255 can occur simultaneously or substantially simultaneously.

[0197] Because the first drive rod 22 and the second drive rod 23 can move synchronously, the integrated switch device 16 can achieve the opening of the contact assembly 25 and the closing of the contact assemblies 26 to 29, thereby achieving the interlocking of the contact assembly 25 with the contact assemblies 26 to 29. Combining FIG36 with FIG4 , it can be understood that when the contact assembly of the integrated switch device 16 is in the state shown in FIG36 , the switch Kpe of the integrated switch device 16 is open, and the switches Kn, Ka, Kb, and Kc are all closed, so that the integrated switch device 16 can operate in the grid-connected mode.

[0198] In summary, the mechanical movement of electromagnet 19, bracket 21, first drive rod 22, and second drive rod 23 drives the contact assembly to open and close, enabling integrated switch device 16 to switch between on-grid and off-grid operation. It is easy to understand that integrated switch device 16 integrates the functions of a conventional PE relay and an on-grid and off-grid relay.

[0199] As shown in conjunction with Figures 32, 35, and 4, it is easy to understand from the above description that handle 21a can be operated to rotate bracket 21 clockwise, thereby disconnecting switch Kpe of integrated switch device 16 and closing switches Kn, Ka, Kb, and Kc. This connects power converter 13 to the grid and opens the connection between power converter 13 and the PE line, allowing the grid to supply power to load 6, thus achieving a bypass function. The disconnection of switch Kpe and the closing of switches Ka, Kb, and Kc can occur simultaneously or substantially simultaneously. Therefore, integrated switch device 16 can also integrate the functions of a conventional bypass switch. Furthermore, since handle 21a is exposed, it is easy to observe and can serve as an indicator of the status of each contact assembly.

[0200] In addition, schematically, the contact assembly in the integrated switching device 16 can have a larger opening distance, such as the opening distance can be greater than or equal to 2.5 mm; and / or, at least two integrated switching devices 16 can be connected in series, which can meet safety regulations and eliminate the need for contactors in the on-grid switching device 14.

[0201] As shown in Figures 34 and 36, schematically, the opening distance of the contact assembly corresponding to the N-line switch (for example, contact assembly 26) can be smaller than the opening distance of the contact assembly corresponding to the phase-line switch (contact assembly 27 to contact assembly 29). Therefore, when switching to the grid-connected mode, the contact assembly corresponding to the N-line switch can be closed first, and the contact assembly corresponding to the phase-line switch can be closed later; when switching to the off-grid mode, the contact assembly corresponding to the phase-line switch can be disconnected first, and the contact assembly corresponding to the N-line switch can be disconnected later. This design can avoid "zero failure" and the occurrence of load burning. In other embodiments, as needed, the "first close and then open" design of the N-line switch can be omitted, and the N-line switch and the phase-line switch can be closed and disconnected at the same time.

[0202] Illustratively, the contact assembly corresponding to the N-line switch (e.g., contact assembly 26) can remain normally on. That is, the movable contact terminal and the corresponding stationary contact terminal of the N-line switch can remain conductive, regardless of the contact state between the movable and stationary contacts. For example, as shown in FIG36 , a conductive portion can be arranged on the circuit board 30 to connect the movable contact terminal and the stationary contact terminal, thereby achieving normally on contact for the contact assembly corresponding to the N-line switch. This design can meet the needs of some products that require a normally on N-line switch. It will be appreciated that this design is not required.

[0203] In this embodiment, contact assemblies 27 through 29 corresponding to the phase line switches can carry high currents. As described above, by designing the relative positions of the stationary contact terminals, stationary contacts, reeds, movable contacts, and movable contact terminals, contact assemblies 27 through 29 can ensure that the current in the stationary contact terminals and the reeds flows in the same direction, creating an attractive force between the stationary contact terminals and the stationary contacts, the reeds, and the movable contacts. Alternatively, current in the movable contact terminals and the reeds can flow in opposite directions, creating a repulsive force between the movable contact terminals and the reeds.

[0204] As shown in FIG36 , taking the contact assembly 27 as an example, by arranging the welding end of the stationary contact terminal 271 away from the stationary contact 275, the movable contact 273, and the fixed end of the reed 274 fixed to the movable contact terminal 272 in sequence, so that the welding end and the fixed end can be located on opposite sides of the movable contact 273, the current on the stationary contact terminal 271 and the reed 274 can flow in the same direction, so that the electromotive force between the stationary contact terminal 271 and the stationary contact 275, and the reed 274 and the movable contact 273 is an attractive force. By connecting the movable contact terminal 272 and the reed 274 into a substantially U-shaped structure, the current on the movable contact terminal 272 and the reed 274 can flow in opposite directions, so that the electromotive force between the movable contact terminal 272 and the reed 274 is a repulsive force. Schematically, three dotted lines with arrows in FIG36 respectively illustrate the current flow directions on the static contact terminal 271, the reed 274 and the moving contact terminal 272. It can be understood that this is merely an example and does not limit the actual current flow direction.

[0205] During the closing process of the contact assembly 27, when a high current is flowing through the contact assembly 27, the aforementioned attractive and repulsive forces maintain reliable contact between the movable contact 273 and the stationary contact 275, making them difficult to separate. Since the contacts are difficult to separate, arcing is unlikely to occur between the contacts, thereby preventing the arcing energy from welding the movable contact 273 and the stationary contact 275. It is also understood that the movable contact terminal 272 also exerts a repulsive force on the stationary contact terminal 271 and the stationary contact 275. However, since the movable contact terminal 272 is relatively far from the stationary contact terminal 271 and the stationary contact 275, the repulsive force exerted by the movable contact terminal 272 on the stationary contact terminal 271 and the stationary contact 275 is relatively small and can be ignored.

[0206] In this embodiment, a low current can flow through contact assembly 25 corresponding to the PE line switch and contact assembly 26 corresponding to the N line switch. During the closing process of contact assembly 25 and contact assembly 26, the currents in the static contact terminal and the reed are reversed, and the electromotive force between the static contact terminal and the reed is repulsive. However, because the electromotive force caused by the low current is relatively small and less likely to cause welding, contact assembly 25 and contact assembly 26 do not need to be designed like contact assembly 27. It is understood that in other embodiments, depending on product requirements, contact assembly 25 and / or contact assembly 26 may also be designed similarly to contact assembly 27 to avoid welding.

[0207] The integrated switch device 16 of this embodiment can be considered an integrated relay. The permanent magnet 199 in the electromagnet 19 provides magnetic force. When the control signal to the integrated switch device 16 is interrupted, the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 199 maintains the position of the first armature 195a and the second armature 195b, thereby maintaining the current state of each contact terminal. Therefore, the integrated switch device 16 with the permanent magnet 199 can be considered a magnetic latching relay. In other embodiments, the permanent magnet 199 can be eliminated, and the control signal can be continuously sent to the integrated switch device to maintain the current state of each contact terminal. Such an integrated switch device can be considered an electric latching relay.

[0208] In one embodiment, the structure and arrangement of the first, second, and third contact assemblies can be rationally designed, with the first drive rod 22 connecting the first contact assembly and the second drive rod 23 connecting the second and third contact assemblies. Therefore, the first drive rod 22 only drives the first contact assembly to make contact or separate, while the second drive rod 23 drives the second and third contact assemblies to make contact or separate.

[0209] In one embodiment, the integrated switch device may not have a third contact assembly, with the first drive rod 22 connected to the first contact assembly and the second drive rod 23 connected only to the second contact assembly. Thus, the first drive rod 22 drives the contacts of the first contact assembly to make contact or separate, while the second drive rod 23 drives the contacts of the second contact assembly to make contact or separate.

[0210] In one embodiment, other drive devices can be used to replace the electromagnet 19 and the bracket 21. For example, the drive device can include a motor and a gear, and the output shaft of the motor is connected to the gear. A portion of the first drive rod 22 and a portion of the second drive rod 23 can both be made into racks, and the two racks can be respectively located on opposite sides of the gear and both mesh with the gear. When the motor is working, the gear can rotate in both directions, thereby driving the first drive rod 22 and the second drive rod 23 to move in both directions, realizing and switching off the grid. Alternatively, the gear can be omitted and the bracket 21 can be retained, the output shaft of the motor being connected to the bracket 21, and the bracket 21 being connected to the first drive rod 22 and the second drive rod 23.

[0211] In another embodiment of the present application, a linear motor may be used as a control device to replace the electromagnet 19, the bracket 21, the first drive rod 22, and the second drive rod 23 to drive each contact assembly, as will be described below.

[0212] FIG37 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the linear motor 101 , various contact assemblies, and the circuit board 107 in the integrated switch device 100 according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0213] As shown in Figure 37, the linear motor 101 may include a fixed portion 101a and a movable portion 101b. The fixed portion 101a may include a stator, etc., and the movable portion 101b may include a mover (or slider), etc. The fixed portion 101a can drive the movable portion 101b to move in a first direction and a second direction. In this embodiment, the driving device in the control device is the fixed portion 101a, and the driving rod in the control device is the movable portion 101b.

[0214] As shown in FIG37 , the contact assembly 102, the contact assembly 103, the contact assembly 104, the contact assembly 105, and the contact assembly 106 can be arranged sequentially along the movable portion 101 b. The spring 102 a of the contact assembly 102, the spring 103 a of the contact assembly 103, the spring 104 a of the contact assembly 104, the spring 105 a of the contact assembly 105, and the spring 106 a of the contact assembly 106 can all be fixedly connected to the movable portion 101 b. For example, the structures of the contact assemblies 103, 104, 105, and 106 can be identical.

[0215] As shown in FIG37 , for the contact assembly 102 and the contact assembly 103, schematically, the moving contact 102b of the contact assembly 102, the static contact 102c of the contact assembly 102, the static contact 103b of the contact assembly 103 and the moving contact 103c of the contact assembly 103 can be arranged in sequence along the moving part 101b.

[0216] In this embodiment, the contact assembly 102 can be referred to as a first contact assembly. The contact assembly 102 can be connected to the PE line through the circuit board 107. The contact assembly 102 can correspond to the switch Kpe in FIG. 4 and can serve as a PE line switch of the integrated switch device 100.

[0217] In this embodiment, contact assembly 103 can be referred to as a third contact assembly, and contact assembly 104, contact assembly 105, and contact assembly 106 can each be referred to as a second contact assembly. Contact assembly 103, contact assembly 104, contact assembly 105, and contact assembly 106 can be electrically connected to the neutral line, phase A line, phase B line, and phase C line, respectively, via circuit board 107. Contact assembly 103, contact assembly 104, contact assembly 105, and contact assembly 106 can correspond to switch Kn, switch Ka, switch Kb, and switch Kc, respectively, in FIG4 . Contact assembly 103 can serve as the neutral line switch of integrated switch device 100, contact assembly 104 can serve as the phase A line switch of integrated switch device 100, contact assembly 105 can serve as the phase B line switch of integrated switch device 100, and contact assembly 106 can serve as the phase C line switch of integrated switch device 100.

[0218] Referring to Figures 4 and 37, when the power grid fails, schematically, the auxiliary power supply 15 can send a first DC signal to the linear motor 101 through the on-off control device 14a, and the fixed part 101a will drive the moving part 101b to move in the first direction, and the moving part 101b will drive the reed 102a, reed 103a, reed 104a, reed 105a and reed 106a to move in the first direction, so that the moving contact 102b contacts the static contact 102c, and the moving contact 103c is separated from the static contact 103b, the moving contact 104c is separated from the static contact 104b, the moving contact 105c is separated from the static contact 105b, and the moving contact 106c is separated from the static contact 106b. The contact between movable contact 102b and stationary contact 102c, as well as the separation between movable contact 104c and stationary contact 104b, movable contact 105c and stationary contact 105b, and movable contact 106c and stationary contact 106b, can occur simultaneously or substantially simultaneously. Therefore, the PE line switch in integrated switch device 100 is closed, while the N line switch, the A phase line switch, the B phase line switch, and the C phase line switch are disconnected. At this point, integrated switch device 100 can operate in off-grid mode.

[0219] Referring to Figures 4 and 37, when the power grid is operating normally, schematically, the auxiliary power supply 15 can send a second DC signal to the linear motor 101 through the on-off control device 14a, and the fixed part 101a will drive the moving part 101b to move in the second direction, and the moving part 101b will drive the reed 102a, reed 103a, reed 104a, reed 105a and reed 106a to move in the second direction, so that the moving contact 102b is separated from the static contact 102c, and the moving contact 103c is in contact with the static contact 103b, the moving contact 104c is in contact with the static contact 104b, the moving contact 105c is in contact with the static contact 105b, and the moving contact 106c is in contact with the static contact 106b. The separation of movable contact 102b and stationary contact 102c, as well as the contact between movable contact 104c and stationary contact 104b, movable contact 105c and stationary contact 105b, and movable contact 106c and stationary contact 106b, can occur simultaneously or substantially simultaneously. Therefore, the PE line switch in integrated switchgear 100 is disconnected, while the N line switch, phase A line switch, phase B line switch, and phase C line switch are closed. At this point, integrated switchgear 100 can operate in grid-connected mode.

[0220] In one embodiment, during the process of switching to the off-grid mode, the moving contact 103c and the static contact 103b can be separated later, and the moving contact 104c and the static contact 104b, the moving contact 105c and the static contact 105b, and the moving contact 106c and the static contact 106b can be separated first; during the process of switching to the grid-connected mode, the moving contact 103c and the static contact 103b can be contacted first, and the moving contact 104c and the static contact 104b, the moving contact 105c and the static contact 105b, and the moving contact 106c and the static contact 106b can be contacted later, thereby realizing the "first close, then open" design of the N-line switch. In another embodiment, the "make first, then break" design of the N-line switch may not be used, and the moving contact 103c and the static contact 103b, the moving contact 104c and the static contact 104b, the moving contact 105c and the static contact 105b, and the moving contact 106c and the static contact 106b may be in contact or separated at the same time.

[0221] In summary, the linear motor 101 can drive the contact assembly to generate an opening and closing action, so that the integrated switch device 100 can achieve on-grid and off-grid switching. It is easy to understand that the integrated switch device 100 integrates the functions of a conventional PE relay and an on-grid and off-grid relay.

[0222] Illustratively, the integrated switch device 100 can also include a bypass function. For example, a handle can be provided on the movable portion 101b, and the bypass function can be achieved by operating the handle. Thus, the integrated switch device 100 can also integrate the functions of a conventional bypass switch. Furthermore, the handle can be exposed for easy observation and can serve as an indicator of the status of each contact assembly.

[0223] Illustratively, the contact assembly in the integrated switch device 100 can have a larger opening distance, such as the opening distance can be greater than or equal to 2.5 mm; and / or, at least two integrated switch devices 100 can be connected in series, which can meet safety regulations and eliminate the need for contactors in the on-grid and off-grid switching device.

[0224] In other embodiments, other control devices can be used in place of linear motor 101. For example, the control device may include a motor, a gear, and a drive rod. The output shaft of the motor is connected to the gear. A portion of the drive rod may be formed into a rack, which meshes with the gear. When the motor is operating, the gear rotates in both directions, thereby moving the drive rod in both directions, achieving on-grid and off-grid switching.

[0225] In the above embodiment, the interlocking function of the integrated switch device can be used to implement on-grid and off-grid switching. As needed, the interlocking function of the integrated switch device can also be used in other scenarios, such as controlling the working sequence of different devices and cross-powering different devices.

[0226] For example, in a motor operating status alarm scenario, the first contact assembly of the integrated switch device no longer connects to the PE line but can be electrically connected to the motor. This first contact assembly can be referred to as the primary circuit. The second contact assembly can be electrically connected to the indicator light. This second contact assembly can be referred to as the secondary circuit or signal circuit. When the first contact assembly is closed and the second contact assembly is open, the motor operates and the indicator light turns off. When the first contact assembly is open and the second contact assembly is closed, the motor stops and the indicator light turns on.

[0227] Alternatively, for coordinated control of two lamps, the first contact assembly of the integrated switch device no longer connects to the PE line. Instead, it can be electrically connected to the first lamp, and the second contact assembly can be electrically connected to the second lamp. When the first contact assembly is closed and the second contact assembly is open, the first lamp lights up and the second lamp turns off; when the first contact assembly is open and the second contact assembly is closed, the first lamp turns off and the second lamp lights up.

[0228] For ease of understanding, the relevant technical terms involved in the embodiments of this application are explained and described below.

[0229] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" refers to two or more.

[0230] The terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the technical features indicated. A feature designated "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0231] The term "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connect" can mean either a detachable or non-detachable connection; a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and a mechanical or electrical connection. The term "fixed" should also be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean either a direct fixation or an indirect fixation through an intermediate medium.

[0232] The directional terms mentioned in the embodiments of this application, such as "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "side," "top," and "bottom," are merely references to directions in the accompanying drawings. These directional terms are intended to better and more clearly illustrate and understand the embodiments of this application, and are not intended to explicitly or implicitly indicate that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed or operate in a specific orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application.

[0233] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified, "and / or" is simply a description of an association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone.

[0234] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A grid-connected and off-grid switching device, characterized in that: Including controller, auxiliary power supply, on-off control device and integrated switch device; The auxiliary power supply is electrically connected to the integrated switch through the on-off control device, and the auxiliary power supply is used to output a DC control signal to the integrated switch device; The integrated switch device includes a housing, a first contact assembly and a second contact assembly, wherein the first contact assembly and the second contact assembly are both mounted on the housing, and each of the first contact assembly and the second contact assembly includes a movable contact and a stationary contact that can contact or separate from each other; The first contact assembly is used to connect the power converter to a protective grounding wire, and the second contact assembly is used to connect the power converter to the power grid; wherein the power converter is further used to connect to a load, and the load is connected between the power converter and the integrated switch device; The controller is used to: Controlling the states of the first contact assembly and the second contact assembly mounted on the housing to switch between each other; When the power grid fails, the on-off control device is controlled to be in a first state, so that the movable contact and the static contact of the first contact assembly of the integrated switch device are in contact, and the movable contact and the static contact of the second contact assembly are separated, so as to disconnect the power converter from the power grid and connect the power converter to the protective grounding wire, so that the power converter is connected to the load; When the power grid is operating normally, the on-off control device is controlled to be in the second state so that the moving contact and the static contact of the first contact assembly of the integrated switch device are separated, and the moving contact and the static contact of the second contact assembly are brought into contact, so as to connect the power converter with the power grid and disconnect the power converter from the protective grounding wire, so that the power converter and the power grid are connected to the load.

2. The on-grid and off-grid switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller is specifically used for: When the power grid fails, controlling the on-off control device to transmit a first DC signal to the integrated switch device; When the power grid operates normally, controlling the on-off control device to transmit a second DC signal to the integrated switch device; The first DC signal and the second DC signal are output signals of the DC control signal after passing through the on-off control device, and the current directions of the first DC signal and the second DC signal are opposite.

3. The on-grid and off-grid switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The on-off control device includes a first switch; The controller is specifically used for: When the power grid fails, controlling the first switch to disconnect; When the power grid operates normally, the first switch is controlled to be closed.

4. The on-grid and off-grid switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: When the power grid fails, controlling the on-off control device to be in the first state includes: when the voltage of the power grid is less than or equal to a threshold, controlling the on-off control device to be in the first state; When the power grid operates normally, controlling the on-off control device to be in the second state includes: when the voltage of the power grid is greater than the threshold, controlling the on-off control device to be in the second state.

5. The on-grid and off-grid switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The integrated switch device includes a drive device and a drive rod mounted on the housing, the drive device is connected to the drive rod, the drive device is electrically connected to the auxiliary power supply through the on / off control device, and the drive rod is connected to both the first contact assembly and the second contact assembly; The driving device is used for: When the on / off control device is in the first state, the driving rod is driven to move, so that the driving rod drives the movable contact of the first contact assembly to contact with the static contact and simultaneously drives the movable contact of the second contact assembly to separate from the static contact; When the on / off control device is in the second state, the driving rod is driven to move, so that the driving rod drives the movable contact and the static contact of the first contact assembly to separate and simultaneously drives the movable contact and the static contact of the second contact assembly to contact.

6. The on-grid and off-grid switching device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The driving rod includes a first driving rod and a second driving rod, the first driving rod and the second driving rod are respectively connected to opposite sides of the driving device, the first driving rod is connected to the first contact assembly, and the second driving rod is connected to the second contact assembly; When the on / off control device is in the first state, the driving device is specifically configured to drive the first driving rod and the second driving rod to move simultaneously, so that the first driving rod drives the movable contact of the first contact assembly to contact with the static contact, and simultaneously drives the movable contact of the second contact assembly to separate from the static contact; When the on-off control device is in the second state, the driving device is specifically used to drive the first driving rod and the second driving rod to move simultaneously, so that the first driving rod drives the movable contact and the static contact of the first contact assembly to separate, and at the same time the second driving rod drives the movable contact and the static contact of the second contact assembly to contact.

7. The on-grid and off-grid switching device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The integrated switch device further includes a third contact assembly, the third contact assembly being used to connect between the N line of the power converter and the power grid, the third contact assembly including a movable contact and a static contact that can contact or separate from each other; The first driving rod is also connected to the third contact assembly; When the on / off control device is in the first state, the driving device is specifically configured to drive the first driving rod and the second driving rod to move simultaneously, so that the first driving rod drives the movable contact of the first contact assembly to contact with the static contact, and drives the movable contact of the third contact assembly to separate from the static contact, and simultaneously causes the second driving rod to drive the movable contact of the second contact assembly to separate from the static contact; When the on-off control device is in the second state, the driving device is specifically used to drive the first driving rod and the second driving rod to move simultaneously, so that the first driving rod drives the movable contact and the static contact of the first contact assembly to separate, and drives the movable contact and the static contact of the third contact assembly to contact, and at the same time, the second driving rod drives the movable contact and the static contact of the second contact assembly to contact.

8. The on-grid and off-grid switching device according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the on / off control device is in the first state, the driving device is specifically configured to drive the first driving rod to move in a first direction, and simultaneously drive the second driving rod to move in a second direction, wherein the second direction is opposite to the first direction; When the on / off control device is in the second state, the driving device is specifically configured to drive the first driving rod to move along the second direction, and simultaneously drive the second driving rod to move along the first direction; Along the second direction, the static contact of the first contact assembly, the movable contact of the first contact assembly, the movable contact of the third contact assembly, the static contact of the third contact assembly, the static contact of the second contact assembly and the movable contact of the second contact assembly are arranged in sequence.

9. The on-grid and off-grid switching device according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that: The driving device includes an electromagnet and a bracket, the electromagnet includes an armature, the armature is mounted on the bracket, and opposite sides of the bracket are respectively connected to the first driving rod and the second driving rod; The electromagnet is used to cause the armature to move forward when the on / off control device is in the first state, so that the armature drives the bracket to rotate relative to the housing, so that the bracket drives the first drive rod and the second drive rod to move simultaneously, so that the first drive rod drives the movable contact of the first contact assembly to contact with the static contact, and simultaneously causes the second drive rod to drive the movable contact of the second contact assembly to separate from the static contact; When the on-off control device is in the second state, the electromagnet causes the armature to move in the opposite direction, and the armature drives the bracket to rotate in the opposite direction relative to the housing, so that the bracket drives the first drive rod and the second drive rod to move simultaneously, so that the first drive rod drives the movable contact and the static contact of the first contact assembly to separate, and at the same time, the second drive rod drives the movable contact and the static contact of the second contact assembly to contact.

10. The on-grid and off-grid switching device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The integrated switch device further includes a third contact assembly, the third contact assembly being used to connect between the N line of the power converter and the power grid, the third contact assembly including a movable contact and a static contact that can contact or separate from each other; The driving rod is also connected to the third contact assembly; When the on / off control device is in the first state, the driving device is specifically configured to drive the driving rod to move, so that the driving rod drives the movable contact of the first contact assembly to contact with the static contact, and drives the movable contact of the third contact assembly to separate from the static contact, and at the same time, the driving rod drives the movable contact of the second contact assembly to separate from the static contact; When the on-off control device is in the second state, the driving device is specifically used to drive the driving rod to move, so that the driving rod drives the movable contact and the static contact of the first contact assembly to separate, and drives the movable contact and the static contact of the third contact assembly to contact, and at the same time, the driving rod drives the movable contact and the static contact of the second contact assembly to contact.

11. The on-grid and off-grid switching device according to claim 10, characterized in that: When the on / off control device is in the first state, the driving device is specifically used to drive the driving rod to move along the first direction; When the on / off control device is in the second state, the driving device is specifically configured to drive the driving rod to move in a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction are opposite directions to each other; Along the first direction, the movable contact of the first contact assembly, the static contact of the first contact assembly, the static contact of the third contact assembly, the movable contact of the third contact assembly, the static contact of the second contact assembly and the movable contact of the second contact assembly are arranged in sequence.

12. The on-grid and off-grid switching device according to claim 7, 8, 10 or 11, characterized in that: The opening distance of the third contact assembly is smaller than the opening distance of the second contact assembly.

13. The on-grid and off-grid switching device according to claim 5, 10, 11 or 12, characterized in that: The integrated switching device includes a linear motor, the driving device is a fixed part of the linear motor, and the driving rod is a moving part of the linear motor.

14. The on-grid and off-grid switching device according to any one of claims 5 to 13, characterized in that: The shell is provided with a through hole, and the integrated switch device includes an exposed portion, which passes through the through hole and is exposed outside the shell; the exposed portion is used to drive the driving device to generate mechanical movement under the action of an external force, so that the moving contact and the static contact of the first contact assembly are separated, and at the same time, the moving contact and the static contact of the second contact assembly are contacted, so as to connect the power converter with the power grid and disconnect the power converter from the protective grounding wire, so that the power grid supplies power to the load.

15. The on-grid and off-grid switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that: There are at least two integrated switch devices, and the at least two integrated switch devices are connected in series.

16. The on-grid and off-grid switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that: The on-grid and off-grid switching device also includes a circuit board. The integrated switch device is arranged on the circuit board and electrically connected to the circuit board. The integrated switch device is used to be electrically connected to the protective grounding wire, the phase line of the power converter, the phase line of the power grid and the load through the circuit board.

17. The on-grid and off-grid switching device according to claim 16, characterized in that: The auxiliary power supply is provided on the circuit board and is electrically connected to the circuit board. The auxiliary power supply is used to be electrically connected to the power converter and the power grid through the circuit board.

18. The on-grid and off-grid switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that: The output end of the power converter includes a first phase line, a second phase line, and a third phase line; the integrated switch device includes three second contact assemblies, and the three second contact assemblies are respectively used to connect between the first phase line and the power grid, between the second phase line and the power grid, and between the third phase line and the power grid; the load is connected to the first phase line, the second phase line, and the third phase line; The controller is specifically used for: When the power grid fails, controlling the on-off control device to be in a first state so that the movable contact and the static contact of the first contact assembly of the integrated switch device are in contact, and the movable contacts and the static contacts of the three second contact assemblies are separated at the same time; When the power grid operates normally, the on-off control device is controlled to be in the second state so that the moving contact and the static contact of the first contact assembly of the integrated switch device are separated, and the moving contacts and the static contacts of the three second contact assemblies are in contact at the same time.

19. The on-grid and off-grid switching device according to claim 18, characterized in that: The output end of the power converter further includes an N line, and the integrated switch device further includes a third contact assembly; the third contact assembly is used to be connected between the N line of the power converter and the power grid; the load is also connected to the N line; The controller is specifically used for: When the power grid fails, the on-off control device is controlled to be in a first state, so that the movable contact and the static contact of the first contact assembly of the integrated switch device are in contact, the movable contact and the static contact of the third contact assembly are separated, and the movable contact and the static contact of the second contact assembly are separated; When the power grid is operating normally, the on-off control device is controlled to be in the second state so that the moving contact and the static contact of the first contact assembly of the integrated switch device are separated, the moving contact of the third contact assembly is in contact with the static contact, and the moving contact of the second contact assembly is in contact with the static contact.

20. A power supply system, characterized in that: It comprises a power converter and the on-grid and off-grid switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the power converter is used to connect a DC power supply and convert the DC power of the DC power supply into AC power, and the power converter is also used to connect to the power grid through the on-grid and off-grid switching device.

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