Electronic device

Abstract

The present application provides an electronic device. The electronic device comprises an antenna. The antenna comprises a first radiator, a second radiator and a third radiator. The antenna uses parts of a conductive frame as the radiators. The first radiator, the second radiator and the third radiator can be used for jointly generating a first resonance, and the resonance frequency band of the first resonance comprises a first frequency band. When a user uses the electronic device to communicate in the first frequency band, and holds the parts of the electronic device around the radiators of the antenna, the antenna still has good radiation characteristics, and the communication performance of the electronic device is not affected.

Description

An electronic device

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on February 29, 2024, with application number 202410233289.5 and application name “An Electronic Device”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of wireless communications, and in particular to an electronic device. Background Art

[0003] As demand for high-speed data transmission increases, the industrial design (ID) trend of electronic devices is toward larger screens and multiple cameras. This significantly reduces antenna clearance, limiting layout space.

[0004] Currently, the communication frequency bands of electronic devices will continue to coexist for a long time, including the third-generation wireless systems (3G), fourth-generation wireless systems (4G), and fifth-generation wireless systems (5G), requiring an increasing number of antennas.

[0005] Because electronic devices require multiple antennas to accommodate multiple frequency bands, the conductive parts of their bezels often serve as radiators for these antennas. Consequently, when using an electronic device, a user's fingers may sometimes grip the insulating gaps in the bezel. Because insulating gaps typically have strong electric fields and the human body absorbs electromagnetic waves, gripping near these gaps can degrade the radiation performance of the antennas located there (e.g., reduce efficiency). Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present application provides an electronic device including an antenna. The antenna comprises a portion of a conductive frame as a radiator. When a user holds the electronic device around the radiator, the antenna still has good radiation characteristics.

[0007] In a first aspect, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a floor; a frame, the frame comprising a first position, a second position, a third position, and a fourth position arranged in sequence, the frame being coupled to the floor at the first position and the third position, the frame having a first insulating gap and a second insulating gap at the second position and the fourth position; an antenna, the antenna comprising: a first radiator, a second radiator, and a third radiator, the first radiator comprising a conductive portion of the frame between the first position and the second position, the second radiator comprising a conductive portion of the frame between the second position and the third position, the third radiator comprising a conductive portion of the frame between the third position and the fourth position, and at least one of the first radiators Part, at least part of the second radiator, at least part of the third radiator are spaced apart from the floor; the antenna also includes a feeding circuit, one of the first radiator, the second radiator and the third radiator includes a feeding point, the feeding circuit is coupled to the feeding point to feed the radio frequency signal of the first frequency band, the first frequency band includes any communication frequency band within 1700MHz-2700MHz; wherein the physical length L1 of the first radiator, the physical length L2 of the second radiator and the physical length L3 of the third radiator are greater than or equal to 5mm and less than or equal to 30mm; the first radiator, the second radiator and the third radiator are used to jointly generate a first resonance, and the resonant frequency band of the first resonance includes the first frequency band.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present application, the antenna operates in a first frequency band (for example, the resonance point of the first resonance). When the user holds it near the radiator (for example, the first insulating gap), the radiation characteristics of the antenna are less affected, and the electronic device still has good communication characteristics.

[0009] For example, the tangential component of the electric field generated by the antenna near the first insulating gap (second position) in the resonant frequency band of the first resonance (for example, the resonant point of the first resonance) is reduced (for example, the component parallel to the human body when the user holds it, or the component parallel to the extension direction of the first radiator or the extension direction of the second radiator). Therefore, when the user holds it near the radiator (for example, the first insulating gap), the radiation characteristics of the antenna are less affected (compared with the normal component of the electric field, the human body absorbs more of the tangential component of the electric field, and the antenna radiation characteristics are more reduced) (for example, radiation efficiency).

[0010] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, at the resonance point of the first resonance, the current on the first radiator and the current on the second radiator are opposite, and the current on the second radiator and the current on the third radiator are opposite.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first radiator and the second radiator may form a structure similar to a slot antenna, and the second radiator and the third radiator may form a structure similar to a wire antenna (eg, a T-shaped antenna).

[0012] At the resonance point of the first resonance, the current on the first radiator and the current on the second radiator can be understood as being generated by the slot DM mode, and the current on the second radiator and the current on the third radiator can be understood as being generated by the line CM mode.

[0013] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the first radiator, the second radiator, and the third radiator are further used to jointly generate a second resonance, and the resonance point frequency of the second resonance is lower than the resonance point frequency of the first resonance; at the resonance point of the second resonance, the current on the first radiator and the current on the second radiator are in the same direction, and the current on the second radiator and the current on the third radiator are in opposite directions.

[0014] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the first radiator, the second radiator, and the third radiator are further used to jointly generate a third resonance, and the resonance point frequency of the third resonance is higher than the resonance point frequency of the first resonance; at the resonance point of the third resonance, the current on the first radiator and the current on the second radiator are in opposite directions, and the current on the second radiator and the current on the third radiator are in the same direction.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present application, by combining the above-mentioned multiple different modes, the tangential component of the electric field generated near the first insulating gap when the electronic device communicates in the first frequency band can be further increased. When the user holds it near the first insulating gap, it will not absorb a large amount of radiation, so that the antenna still has good radiation characteristics, and the communication performance of the electronic device will not be greatly affected.

[0016] The first radiator and the second radiator may form a structure similar to a slot antenna, and the second radiator and the third radiator may form a structure similar to a wire antenna (eg, a T-shaped antenna).

[0017] At the resonance point of the second resonance, the current on the first radiator and the current on the second radiator can be understood as being generated by the slot CM mode, and the current on the second radiator and the current on the third radiator can be understood as being generated by the line CM mode.

[0018] At the resonance point of the third resonance, the current on the first radiator and the current on the second radiator can be understood to be generated by the slot DM mode, and the current on the second radiator and the current on the third radiator can be understood to be generated by the line DM mode.

[0019] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the physical length L1 of the first radiator, the physical length L2 of the second radiator, and the physical length L3 of the third radiator satisfy: L1×50%≤L2≤L1×200%, and L1×50%≤L3≤L1×200%, and L2×50%≤L3≤L2×200%.

[0020] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the physical length L1 of the first radiator, the physical length L2 of the second radiator, and the physical length L3 of the third radiator satisfy: L1×80%≤L2≤L1×120%, and L1×70%≤L3≤L1×150%, and L2×70%≤L3≤L2×150%.

[0021] According to an embodiment of the present application, the physical length L1 of the first radiator, the physical length L2 of the second radiator, and the physical length L3 of the third radiator can be determined based on actual production or design (for example, the internal layout of the electronic device). The electrical length of the first radiator, the electrical length of the second radiator, and the electrical length of the third radiator can be adjusted by the loaded electronic components, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0022] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the antenna further includes a first grounding member; wherein, the frame is coupled to the floor through the first grounding member at the third position, and the width of the connection between the first grounding member and the frame is less than or equal to 6 mm.

[0023] According to an embodiment of the present application, the frame can be grounded at the third position through a first grounding member. The width of the connection between the first grounding member and the frame is less than or equal to 6 mm, so that the third radiator can be well excited.

[0024] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the electronic device further includes a middle frame, the middle frame includes the border and a middle plate, and the first grounding member, the border, and the middle plate are integrally formed.

[0025] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the second radiator includes the feeding point.

[0026] According to an embodiment of the present application, when the feeding point is located at the second radiator, in the first frequency band, the antenna has a higher gain, the current distribution on the radiator is more uniform, and the directivity coefficient of the antenna is lower.

[0027] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a distance between the feeding point and the first insulating gap is less than or equal to 5 mm.

[0028] According to the embodiment of the present application, as the feeding point moves toward the second position, it is beneficial to miniaturize the second radiator.

[0029] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna further includes a first electronic element; wherein the first radiator includes a first connection point, and the first electronic element is coupled between the first connection point and the floor.

[0030] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, a distance between the first connection point and the first insulating gap is less than or equal to 5 mm.

[0031] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna further includes a second electronic element; wherein the third radiator includes a second connection point, and the second electronic element is coupled between the second connection point and the floor.

[0032] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, a distance between the second connection point and the first insulating gap is less than or equal to 5 mm.

[0033] According to the embodiment of the present application, the second resonance is mainly generated by the first radiator, the first resonance is mainly generated by the second radiator, and the third resonance is mainly generated by the third radiator.

[0034] The first electronic component can be used to change the electrical length of the first radiator, thereby adjusting the resonance frequency of the second resonance. The second electronic component can be used to change the electrical length of the third radiator, thereby adjusting the resonance frequency of the third resonance.

[0035] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the electronic device further includes a sub-board and a camera module; wherein, at least a portion of the sub-board is located between the third radiator and the camera module, and the second electronic component is located on the surface of the sub-board facing the third radiator or the camera module.

[0036] According to an embodiment of the present application, in an electronic device, since a camera module is arranged near the third radiator and the distance between the third radiator and the camera module is relatively close, a sub-board can be arranged between the third radiator and the camera module, thereby setting a second electronic component on the surface of the sub-board.

[0037] In one embodiment, the daughter board is a flexible circuit board FPC, which has a thinner thickness and is more convenient to be arranged between the third radiator and the camera module.

[0038] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the distance between the third radiator and the camera module is less than or equal to 3 mm.

[0039] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the frame includes a first side and a second side, the physical length of the first side is greater than or equal to the physical length of the second side; the second position is located on the first side, and the distance between the first insulating gap and the second side in the extension direction of the first side is greater than or equal to 10 mm and less than or equal to 30 mm.

[0040] According to an embodiment of the present application, when the distance between the first insulating gap and the second side is greater than or equal to 10 mm and less than or equal to 30 mm, when the user holds the electronic device horizontally (for example, playing games or taking pictures), the user's fingers are roughly located near the first insulating gap. Due to the structure of the antenna, the radiation characteristics of the antenna will not be significantly reduced in this case.

[0041] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the border includes a first side and a second side, the physical length of the first side is greater than or equal to the physical length of the second side; the first position, the second position, the third position and the fourth position are located on the first side.

[0042] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the frame is a metal frame; wherein the first insulating gap is a first break on the frame, the second insulating gap is a second break on the frame, and insulating material is provided in the first break and the second break.

[0043] According to an embodiment of the present application, when the frame is a metal frame, when the user's fingers hold the frame near the insulating gap, the radiation characteristics of the antenna are more affected.

[0044] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first frequency band includes a Wi-Fi frequency band or a BT frequency band.

[0045] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first frequency band may also include at least part of the middle band (MB) (1710MHz-2170MHz) in the long term evolution technology (LTE), and / or at least part of the high band (HB) (2300MHz-2690MHz), for example, B1 (1920MHz-1980MHz), B3 (1710MHz-1785MHz) and B7 (2500MHz-2570MHz) in LTE.

[0046] In the aforementioned antenna, within the resonant frequency band of the first resonance (e.g., the resonant point of the first resonance), strong currents flow through the first, second, and third radiators, and the current is not concentrated on a single radiator. Consequently, the antenna has a low directivity coefficient, thereby enabling the electronic device to have good communication performance in all directions. For example, when the first frequency band is the 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi band, the electronic device has good omnidirectionality and has good transmission performance for Wi-Fi signals in all directions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0048] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a line common mode and the corresponding current and electric field distribution provided by the present application.

[0049] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a line differential mode and the corresponding current and electric field distribution provided by the present application.

[0050] FIG4 is a diagram showing the structure of the slot common mode provided by the present application and the corresponding distribution of current, electric field, and magnetic current.

[0051] FIG5 is a diagram showing the structure of the slot differential mode provided by the present application and the corresponding distribution of current, electric field, and magnetic current.

[0052] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a usage scenario of an electronic device 10 provided in this application.

[0053] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0054] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0055] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0056] FIG. 10 is a simulation result of the S parameters of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG. 8 .

[0057] FIG. 11 shows simulation results of the radiation efficiency of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG. 8 .

[0058] FIG12 is a schematic diagram showing the current distribution of the antenna 200 at the second resonance point in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG8 .

[0059] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing current distribution of the antenna 200 at the first resonance point in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG. 8 .

[0060] FIG14 is a schematic diagram showing the current distribution of the antenna 200 at the third resonance point in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG8 .

[0061] FIG15 is a schematic diagram showing the electric field distribution of the antenna 200 at the second resonance point in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG8 .

[0062] FIG16 is a schematic diagram showing the electric field distribution of the antenna 200 at the first resonance point in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG8 .

[0063] FIG17 is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution of the antenna 200 at the third resonance point in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG8 .

[0064] FIG. 18 is a directional pattern generated by the antenna 200 at the first resonance point in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG. 8 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] The following explains the terms that may appear in the embodiments of the present application.

[0066] It should be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein is simply a term used to describe the existence of three possible relationships between related objects. For example, "A and / or B" can represent the existence of A alone, the existence of both A and B, and the existence of B alone. Furthermore, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0067] When used in this application, "within the range of...", unless it is specifically stated that the end value is not included, it is assumed that both end values ​​of the range are included. For example, in the range of 1 to 5, the two values ​​1 and 5 are included.

[0068] Coupling: can be understood as direct coupling and / or indirect coupling, and "coupling connection" can be understood as direct coupling connection and / or indirect coupling connection. Direct coupling can also be referred to as "electrical connection", which is understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as the form in which different components in the circuit structure are connected through physical lines such as printed circuit board (PCB) copper foil or wires that can transmit electrical signals; "indirect coupling" can be understood as two conductors being electrically conductive in an airless / non-contact manner. In one embodiment, indirect coupling can also be referred to as capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by forming an equivalent capacitance through coupling between the gap between two conductive parts.

[0069] Component / device: includes at least one of lumped component / device and distributed component / device.

[0070] Lumped component / device: This refers to all components whose size is much smaller than the wavelength relative to the circuit's operating frequency. For a signal, the component's characteristics remain constant at all times, regardless of frequency.

[0071] Distributed components / devices: Unlike lumped components, if the size of the component is similar to or larger than the wavelength relative to the circuit operating frequency, then when the signal passes through the component, the characteristics of each point of the component itself will vary due to changes in the signal. At this time, the component as a whole cannot be regarded as a single entity with fixed characteristics, but should be called a distributed component.

[0072] Capacitance: This can be understood as lumped capacitance and / or distributed capacitance. Lumped capacitance refers to capacitive components, such as capacitors; distributed capacitance (or distributed capacitance) refers to the equivalent capacitance formed by two conductive parts separated by a certain gap.

[0073] Inductance: This can be understood as lumped inductance and / or distributed inductance. Lumped inductance refers to inductive components, such as inductors; distributed inductance (or distributed inductance) refers to the equivalent inductance formed by a conductive element of a certain physical length.

[0074] Radiator: A device in an antenna used to receive / send electromagnetic wave radiation. In some cases, the narrow meaning of "antenna" is the radiator, which converts the guided wave energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into guided wave energy, used to radiate and receive radio waves. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or guided wave energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator via the feeder line, where it is converted into a certain polarized electromagnetic wave energy and radiated in the desired direction. The receiving radiator converts the electromagnetic wave energy of a certain polarization from a specific direction in space into modulated high-frequency current energy and transmits it to the receiver input via the feeder line.

[0075] The radiator may include a conductor with a specific shape and size, such as a wire or sheet, etc., and the present application does not limit the specific shape. In one embodiment, the linear radiator can be simply referred to as a wire antenna. In one embodiment, the linear radiator can be implemented by a conductive frame, and can also be called a frame antenna. In one embodiment, the linear radiator can be implemented by a bracket conductor, and can also be called a bracket antenna. In one embodiment, the wire diameter (for example, including thickness and width) of the linear radiator, or the radiator of the wire antenna is much smaller than the wavelength (for example, the wavelength of the medium) (for example, less than 1 / 16 of the wavelength), and the physical length can be comparable to the wavelength (for example, the wavelength of the medium) (for example, the physical length is about 1 / 8 of the wavelength, or 1 / 8 to 1 / 4, or 1 / 4 to 1 / 2, or longer). The main forms of wire antennas include dipole antennas, half-wave oscillator antennas, monopole antennas, loop antennas, and inverted F antennas (also known as IFA, Inverted F Antenna). For example, for a dipole antenna, each dipole antenna typically includes two radiating branches, and each branch is fed by a feeding portion from the feeding end of the radiating branch. For example, an inverted-F antenna (IFA) can be regarded as a monopole antenna with a ground path added. The IFA antenna has a feeding point and a grounding point, and is called an inverted-F antenna because its side view is an inverted-F shape. In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a microstrip antenna, or a patch antenna, such as a planar inverted-F antenna (also known as a PIFA, Planar Inverted F Antenna). In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may be implemented by a planar conductor (such as a conductive sheet or a conductive coating, etc.). In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a conductive sheet, such as a copper sheet, etc. In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a conductive coating, such as a silver paste, etc. The shape of the sheet radiator includes circular, rectangular, annular, etc., and the present application does not limit the specific shape. The structure of a microstrip antenna generally consists of a dielectric substrate, a radiator, and a floor, wherein the dielectric substrate is arranged between the radiator and the floor.

[0076] The radiator may also include a slot or slit formed in a conductor, for example, a closed or semi-closed slot or slit formed in a grounded conductor surface. In one embodiment, a slotted or slit radiator may be referred to as a slot antenna or slot antenna. In one embodiment, the radial dimension (e.g., including the width) of the slot or slit of the slot antenna / slot antenna is much smaller than the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., less than 1 / 16 of the wavelength), and the physical length may be comparable to the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., the physical length is approximately 1 / 8 of the wavelength, or 1 / 8 to 1 / 4, or 1 / 4 to 1 / 2, or longer). In one embodiment, a radiator with a closed slot or slit may be referred to as a closed slot antenna. In one embodiment, a radiator with a semi-closed slot or slit (e.g., a closed slot or slit with an additional opening) may be referred to as an open slot antenna. In some embodiments, the slot is elongated. In some embodiments, the physical length of the slot is approximately half a wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength). In some embodiments, the physical length of the slot is approximately an integer multiple of the wavelength (e.g., one dielectric wavelength). In some embodiments, the slot can be fed with a transmission line spanning one or both sides, thereby exciting a radio frequency electromagnetic field in the slot and radiating electromagnetic waves into space. In one embodiment, the radiator of a slot antenna or slot antenna can be implemented as a conductive frame with both ends grounded, also known as a frame antenna. In this embodiment, the slot antenna or slot antenna can be considered to include a linear radiator spaced from the floor and grounded at both ends, thereby forming a closed or semi-enclosed slot or slot. In one embodiment, the radiator of a slot antenna or slot antenna can be implemented as a bracket conductor with both ends grounded, also known as a bracket antenna.

[0077] The feed circuit is a combination of all circuits used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency signals. The feed circuit may include a transceiver and an RF front end circuit. In some cases, the "feed circuit" is understood in a narrow sense as a radio frequency chip (RFIC, Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit), and the RFIC can be considered to include an RF front end chip and a transceiver. The feed circuit has the function of converting radio waves (e.g., radio frequency signals) and electrical signals (e.g., digital signals). Generally, it is considered to be part of the radio frequency.

[0078] In some embodiments, the electronic device may also include a test socket (or RF socket or RF test socket). This test socket can be used to insert a coaxial cable and test the characteristics of the RF front-end circuit or antenna radiator through the cable. The RF front-end circuit can be considered as the circuit portion coupled between the test socket and the transceiver.

[0079] In some embodiments, the RF front-end circuit may be integrated into a RF front-end chip in the electronic device, or the RF front-end circuit and the transceiver may be integrated into a RF chip in the electronic device.

[0080] It should be understood that any two of the first / second / ...Nth feeding circuits in the present application can share the same transceiver, for example, transmitting signals through a radio frequency channel in a transceiver (for example, a port (pin) of a radio frequency chip); they can also share a radio frequency front-end circuit, for example, processing signals through a tuning circuit or amplifier in a radio frequency front-end.

[0081] It should also be understood that two feeding circuits in the first / second / ...Nth feeding circuit in the present application usually correspond to two radio frequency test sockets in the electronic device.

[0082] A matching circuit is a circuit used to adjust the radiation characteristics of an antenna. In one embodiment, the matching circuit is coupled between the feed circuit and the corresponding radiator. In another embodiment, the matching circuit is coupled between the test socket and the radiator. Typically, the matching circuit is a combination of circuits coupled between the radiator and the ground plane. In one embodiment, the matching circuit may include a tuning circuit and / or electronic components, and the tuning circuit may be an electronic component used to switch the coupling connection of the radiator. The matching circuit performs impedance matching and / or frequency tuning functions. Generally, it is considered to be part of the antenna.

[0083] The grounding structure / feeding structure may include a connector, such as a metal spring, through which the radiator is coupled to the floor / feeding structure is coupled to the feeding circuit. In some embodiments, the feeding structure may include a transmission line / feeding line, and the grounding structure may include a grounding wire.

[0084] End / Point: The "end / point" in the terms "first end / second end / feeding end / grounding end / feeding point / grounding point / connection point" of an antenna radiator should not be narrowly understood as an endpoint or end physically disconnected from other radiators. It can also be considered as a point or segment on a continuous radiator. In one embodiment, an "end / point" may include a connection / coupling area on an antenna radiator that couples to other conductive structures. For example, a feeding end / feeding point may be a coupling area on an antenna radiator that couples to a feeding structure or feeding circuit (e.g., an area facing a portion of the feeding circuit). In another example, a grounding end / grounding point may be a connection / coupling area on an antenna radiator that couples to a grounding structure or grounding circuit. Open End, Closed End: In some embodiments, open end and closed end refer to, for example, whether or not the antenna is grounded. A closed end is grounded, while an open end is not. In some embodiments, open end and closed end refer to, for example, other conductive bodies. A closed end is electrically connected to other conductive bodies, while an open end is not electrically connected to other conductive bodies. In one embodiment, an open end may also be referred to as a floating end, a free end, an open end, or an open circuit end. In one embodiment, the closed end may also be referred to as a ground end or a short-circuit end. It should be understood that in some embodiments, other conductors may be coupled to each other through the open end to transfer coupling energy (which may be understood as transferring current).

[0085] In some embodiments, the "closed end" can also be understood from the perspective of current distribution. The closed end or the grounded end can be understood as a point with larger current on the radiator, or as a point with smaller electric field on the radiator. In one embodiment, the current distribution characteristics of larger current / smaller electric field can be maintained by coupling electronic devices (for example, capacitors, inductors, etc.) through the closed end. In one embodiment, the current distribution characteristics of larger current / smaller electric field can be maintained by opening a gap at or near the closed end (for example, a gap filled with insulating material).

[0086] In some embodiments, the understanding of "open end" can also be viewed from the perspective of current distribution. The open end or floating end can be understood as a point with low current on the radiator, or as a point with high electric field on the radiator. In one embodiment, coupling electronic devices (for example, capacitors, inductors, etc.) through the open end can maintain the current distribution characteristics of the low current point / high electric field point.

[0087] It should be understood that coupling the radiator end at a gap (from the perspective of the radiator structure, it is similar to the radiator at the opening of the open end or the suspended end) with electronic devices (for example, capacitors, inductors, etc.) can make the radiator end a point with larger current / smaller electric field. In this case, it should be understood that the radiator end at the gap is actually a closed end or a grounded end, etc.

[0088] The “suspended radiator” mentioned in the embodiments of the present application means that the radiator is not directly connected to the feed line / feed branch and / or the ground line / ground branch, but is fed and / or grounded through indirect coupling.

[0089] It should be understood that the "suspended" in "suspended end" and "suspended radiator" does not mean that there is no structure around the radiator to support it. In one embodiment, the suspended radiator can be, for example, a radiator disposed on the inner surface of the insulating back cover.

[0090] The current same direction / reverse direction mentioned in the embodiments of the present application should be understood as the direction of the main current on the conductor on the same side is the same direction / reverse direction. For example, when stimulating a unidirectional distributed current on a conductor that is bent or ring-shaped (for example, the current path is also bent or ring-shaped), it should be understood that, for example, the main currents stimulated on the conductors on both sides of the ring conductor (for example, a conductor surrounding a gap, on the conductors on both sides of the gap) are opposite in direction, which still falls within the definition of the unidirectional distributed current in the embodiments of the present application. In one embodiment, the current same direction on a conductor can refer to the current on the conductor having no reversal point. In one embodiment, the current reverse on a conductor can refer to the current on the conductor having at least one reversal point. In one embodiment, the current same direction on two conductors can refer to the current on both conductors having no reversal point and flowing in the same direction. In one embodiment, the current reverse on two conductors can refer to the current on both conductors having no reversal point and flowing in opposite directions. The current same direction / reversal on multiple conductors can be understood accordingly.

[0091] Resonance / resonance frequency: The resonant frequency is also called the resonance frequency. The resonant frequency can have a frequency range, that is, the frequency range in which resonance occurs. The frequency corresponding to the strongest resonance point is the center frequency point frequency. The return loss characteristic of the center frequency can be less than -20dB. It should be understood that, unless otherwise specified, the antenna / radiator mentioned in this application produces a "first / second... resonance", where the second resonance should be the fundamental mode resonance generated by the antenna / radiator, or in other words, the lowest frequency resonance generated by the antenna / radiator. It should be understood that the antenna / radiator can generate one or more antenna modes according to the specific design, and each antenna mode can generate a corresponding fundamental mode resonance.

[0092] Resonant frequency band: The range of the resonant frequency is the resonant frequency band. The return loss characteristic of any frequency point in the resonant frequency band can be less than -6dB or -5dB.

[0093] Communication frequency band / operating frequency band: Regardless of the type of antenna, it always operates within a certain frequency range (bandwidth). For example, an antenna that supports the B40 frequency band operates between 2300MHz and 2400MHz, or in other words, the antenna's operating frequency band includes the B40 frequency band. The frequency range that meets the required specifications can be considered the antenna's operating frequency band.

[0094] The resonant frequency band and the operating frequency band may be the same, or may partially overlap. In one embodiment, one or more resonant frequency bands of the antenna may overlap one or more operating frequency bands of the antenna.

[0095] Electrical length: It can refer to the ratio of physical length (i.e. mechanical physical length or geometric physical length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave. The electrical length can satisfy the following formula:

[0096] Where L is the physical length and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0097] Wavelength: Or operating wavelength, this can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, if the center frequency of the B1 uplink frequency band (resonant frequency 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, the operating wavelength can be the wavelength calculated using 1955MHz. "Operating wavelength" is not limited to the center frequency; it can also refer to the wavelength corresponding to a non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or operating frequency band.

[0098] It should be understood that the wavelength of the radiation signal in air can be calculated as follows: (wavelength in air, or wavelength in vacuum) = speed of light / frequency, where frequency is the frequency of the radiation signal (MHz), and the speed of light can be taken as 3×10 8 m / s. The wavelength of the radiation signal in the medium can be calculated as follows: Wherein, ε is the relative dielectric constant of the medium. The wavelength in the embodiments of the present application generally refers to the dielectric wavelength, which can be the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency, or the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming that the center frequency of the B1 uplink frequency band (resonant frequency is 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, the wavelength can be the dielectric wavelength calculated using the frequency of 1955MHz. Not limited to the center frequency, "dielectric wavelength" can also refer to the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or the working frequency band. For ease of understanding, the dielectric wavelength mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be simply calculated by the relative dielectric constant of the medium filled on one or more sides of the radiator.

[0099] Antenna system efficiency (total efficiency): refers to the ratio of input power to output power at the antenna port.

[0100] Antenna radiation efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated by an antenna into space (i.e., the power effectively converted into electromagnetic waves) to the active power input to the antenna. Active power input to the antenna = antenna input power minus power loss; power loss primarily includes return loss and metal ohmic loss and / or dielectric loss. Radiation efficiency measures the antenna's radiation capability, and both metal loss and dielectric loss contribute to it.

[0101] Those skilled in the art will understand that efficiency is generally expressed as a percentage, which has a corresponding conversion relationship with dB. The closer the efficiency is to 0 dB, the better the efficiency of the antenna.

[0102] Antenna return loss: This can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port by the antenna circuit to the antenna port's transmitted power. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated from the antenna into space, and the greater the antenna's radiation efficiency. The larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated from the antenna into space, and the lower the antenna's radiation efficiency.

[0103] Antenna return loss can be expressed using the S11 parameter, a type of S parameter. S11 represents the reflection coefficient and characterizes the antenna's transmission efficiency. The S11 parameter is typically negative. A smaller S11 parameter indicates lower antenna return loss and less energy reflected back from the antenna itself, meaning more energy actually enters the antenna and higher system efficiency. A larger S11 parameter indicates greater antenna return loss and lower system efficiency.

[0104] It should be noted that in engineering, an S11 value of -6dB is generally used as a standard. When the S11 value of an antenna is less than -6dB, it can be considered that the antenna can work normally, or the antenna can be considered to have good transmission efficiency.

[0105] Antenna pattern: Also known as radiation pattern. It is a graph showing how the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the antenna's radiation field changes with direction at a certain distance from the antenna (far field). It is usually represented by two mutually perpendicular plane patterns passing through the antenna's direction of maximum radiation.

[0106] Antenna patterns typically have multiple radiation beams. The beam with the strongest radiation intensity is called the main lobe, while the remaining beams are called side lobes. Among the side lobes, those in the opposite direction of the main lobe are also called back lobes.

[0107] Beamwidth: This refers to the range of angles within a first angle range relative to the top of the electronic device (e.g., the z-direction) where the gain of the antenna's pattern is greater than or equal to a threshold. This first angle is the beamwidth. When the first angle is large, for example, greater than or equal to 60°, the antenna is considered to have a wide beam and exhibit good radiation characteristics within this angle range.

[0108] Directivity: Also known as the directivity of an antenna, it refers to the ratio of the maximum power density to the average power density in the antenna pattern at a certain distance from the antenna (far field). It is a dimensionless ratio greater than or equal to 1. It can be used to indicate the energy radiation characteristics of an antenna. A larger directivity indicates that the antenna radiates more energy in a certain direction and the energy radiation is more concentrated.

[0109] Antenna Gain: This is used to measure how well an antenna radiates input power. Generally, the narrower the main lobe of an antenna pattern and the smaller the side lobes, the higher the antenna gain.

[0110] Antenna polarization direction: At a given point in space, the electric field strength E (vector) is a function of time t. As time passes, the endpoints of the vector periodically trace a trajectory in space. If this trajectory is straight and perpendicular to the ground, it is called vertical polarization. If it is horizontal to the ground, it is called horizontal polarization. If this trajectory is elliptical or circular and rotates clockwise or to the right as viewed along the propagation direction, it is called right-hand circular polarization (RHCP). If it rotates counterclockwise or to the left as viewed along the propagation direction, it is called left-hand circular polarization (LHCP).

[0111] Ground (GND): can generally refer to at least a part of any grounding layer, grounding plate, or grounding metal layer in an electronic device (such as a mobile phone), or at least a part of any combination of any of the above grounding layers, grounding plates, or grounding components, etc. "Ground" can be used for grounding components in an electronic device. In one embodiment, "ground" can be the grounding layer of a circuit board of an electronic device, or it can be the grounding plate formed by the middle frame of the electronic device, or the grounding metal layer formed by the metal film under the screen. In one embodiment, the circuit board can be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12 to 14-layer board having 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or an element separated and electrically insulated by a dielectric layer or insulating layer such as fiberglass, polymer, etc. In one embodiment, the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a grounding layer, and a routing layer, and the routing layer and the grounding layer are electrically connected through vias. In one embodiment, components such as a display, touch screen, input buttons, transmitter, processor, memory, battery, charging circuit, and system-on-chip (SoC) structures can be mounted on or connected to a circuit board, or electrically connected to a trace layer and / or ground layer in the circuit board. For example, a radio frequency source can be located on a trace layer.

[0112] Any of the above-mentioned grounding layers, grounding plates, or grounding metal layers are made of a conductive material. In one embodiment, the conductive material can be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass, and alloys thereof, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil and tin-plated copper on an insulating substrate, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, a graphite-coated substrate, a copper-plated substrate, a brass-plated substrate, and an aluminum-plated substrate. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the grounding layer / grounding plate / grounding metal layer can also be made of other conductive materials.

[0113] Grounding refers to coupling to the ground / floor in any manner. In one embodiment, grounding can be achieved through physical grounding, such as physical grounding at a specific location on the frame using a portion of the midframe's structural components (or referred to as a physical ground). In one embodiment, grounding can be achieved through device grounding, such as through a series or parallel connection of a capacitor, inductor, or resistor (or referred to as a device ground).

[0114] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0115] As shown in FIG1 , electronic device 10 may include a cover 13, a display / module 15, a printed circuit board (PCB) 17, a middle frame 19, and a rear cover 21. It should be understood that in some embodiments, cover 13 may be a glass cover or may be replaced with a cover made of other materials, such as a PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) material.

[0116] The cover plate 13 may be disposed closely against the display module 15 , and may be mainly used to protect the display module 15 and prevent dust.

[0117] In one embodiment, the display module 15 may include a liquid crystal display panel (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display panel, or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel, etc., which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0118] The middle frame 19 mainly supports the entire device. FIG1 shows that the PCB 17 is arranged between the middle frame 19 and the back cover 21. It should be understood that in one embodiment, the PCB 17 can also be arranged between the middle frame 19 and the display module 15. This embodiment of the present application does not limit this. The printed circuit board PCB 17 can be made of a flame-resistant material (FR-4) dielectric board, a Rogers dielectric board, a mixed dielectric board of Rogers and FR-4, and so on. Here, FR-4 is a code for a grade of flame-resistant material, and the Rogers dielectric board is a high-frequency board. Electronic components, such as radio frequency chips, are carried on the PCB 17. In one embodiment, a metal layer can be provided on the printed circuit board PCB 17. The metal layer can be used to ground the electronic components carried on the printed circuit board PCB 17, and can also be used to ground other components, such as bracket antennas, frame antennas, etc. The metal layer can be called a floor, a grounding plate, or a grounding layer. In one embodiment, the metal layer can be formed by etching metal on the surface of any layer of the dielectric board in the PCB 17. In one embodiment, the metal layer used for grounding can be provided on the side of the printed circuit board PCB 17 near the middle frame 19. In one embodiment, the edge of the printed circuit board PCB 17 can be considered the edge of its ground layer. In one embodiment, the metal middle frame 19 can also be used to ground the aforementioned components. The electronic device 10 may also have other floor / grounding plates / grounding layers, as previously described and will not be further described here.

[0119] Due to the compactness of electronic devices, a floor / grounding plate / grounding layer is typically provided within a 0-2mm internal space from the inner surface of the frame (for example, the printed circuit board, midframe, screen metal layer, battery, etc. can all be considered part of the floor). In one embodiment, a dielectric is filled between the frame and the floor, and the length and width of the rectangle enclosed by the inner surface contour of the dielectric filling can be simply considered the length and width of the floor. Alternatively, the length and width of the rectangle enclosed by the contour of all conductive parts within the frame can be considered the length and width of the floor.

[0120] The electronic device 10 may further include a battery (not shown). The battery may be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the back cover 21, or between the middle frame 19 and the display module 15, and this is not limited in this embodiment of the present application. In some embodiments, the PCB 17 is divided into a main board and a sub-board, and the battery may be disposed between the main board and the sub-board. The main board may be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the upper edge of the battery, and the sub-board may be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the lower edge of the battery.

[0121] In one implementation, the frame 11, which primarily comprises a conductive material, can be referred to as a conductive frame or metal frame of the electronic device 10, and is suitable for use in industrial designs (IDs) with a metallic appearance. In one implementation, the outer surface of the frame 11 is primarily made of a conductive material, such as a metal material, thereby creating the appearance of a metallic frame. In these implementations, the conductive portion of the frame 11, including the outer surface, can serve as an antenna radiator for the electronic device 10 and is generally referred to as a frame antenna.

[0122] In another implementation, the outer surface of the frame 11 is primarily composed of a non-conductive material, such as plastic, creating a non-metallic frame appearance suitable for non-metallic IDs. In one implementation, the inner surface of the frame 11 may include a conductive material, such as metal. In this implementation, the conductive portion of the inner surface of the frame 11 can serve as an antenna radiator for the electronic device 10. It should be understood that the radiator (or, in other words, the conductive material on the inner surface) disposed on the inner surface of the frame 11 can be positioned adjacent to the non-conductive material of the frame 11 to minimize the volume occupied by the radiator and to be closer to the exterior of the electronic device 10, achieving better signal transmission. This can also be referred to as a frame antenna. It should be noted that the antenna radiator being positioned adjacent to the non-conductive material of the frame 11 means that the antenna radiator can be positioned closely to the inner surface of the non-conductive material, embedded within the non-conductive material, or positioned close to the inner surface of the non-conductive material, for example, with a small gap between the antenna radiator and the inner surface of the non-conductive material. It should be understood that both the conductive and non-conductive materials can be considered part of the frame 11.

[0123] It should be understood that there may be an insulating gap on the frame 11, and the conductive part of the frame between the two insulating gaps or the insulating gap and the grounding point serves as a radiator, thereby forming a frame antenna. When the frame 11 is formed of a conductive material such as metal, the insulating gap can be understood as a gap opened in the frame 11 filled with non-metallic material (insulating material). In this case, the gap is visible on the exterior surface. When the outer surface of the frame 11 is a non-conductive material, the insulating gap can be understood as a gap formed between two sections of radiators on the inner surface of the frame 11. Non-metallic material (insulating material) may be provided in the gap, or non-metallic material may not be provided, for example, it may be filled with air. In this case, the gap is not visible on the exterior surface.

[0124] The middle frame 19 may include a border 11, and the middle frame 19 including the border 11 is an integral part that can support the electronic devices in the whole machine. The cover 13 and the back cover 21 are respectively covered along the upper and lower edges of the border to form a shell or housing (housing) of the electronic device. In one embodiment, the cover 13, the back cover 21, the border 11 and / or the middle frame 19 can be collectively referred to as the shell or housing of the electronic device 10. It should be understood that "shell or housing" can be used to refer to part or all of any one of the cover 13, the back cover 21, the border 11 or the middle frame 19, or to part or all of any combination of the cover 13, the back cover 21, the border 11 or the middle frame 19.

[0125] The frame 11 can at least partially serve as an antenna radiator to transmit and receive radio frequency signals. A gap can exist between this portion of the frame serving as the radiator and the rest of the middle frame 19 to ensure a good radiation environment for the antenna radiator. In one embodiment, the middle frame 19 can have an aperture in this portion of the frame serving as the radiator to facilitate antenna radiation.

[0126] Alternatively, the frame 11 may not be considered as part of the middle frame 19. In one embodiment, the frame 11 may be connected to the middle frame 19 and formed as one piece. In another embodiment, the frame 11 may include a protrusion extending inward to be connected to the middle frame 19, for example, by means of a shrapnel, screws, welding, etc. The protrusion of the frame 11 can also be used to receive a feed signal, so that at least a portion of the frame 11 serves as a radiator of the antenna to receive / transmit radio frequency signals. There may be a gap between this part of the frame that serves as the radiator and the middle frame 19, thereby ensuring that the antenna radiator has a good radiation environment, so that the antenna has a good signal transmission function.

[0127] The back cover 21 can be made of metal, non-conductive materials such as glass or plastic, or a combination of conductive and non-conductive materials. In one embodiment, the conductive back cover 21 can replace the middle frame 19 and integrate with the frame 11 to support the electronic components within the device.

[0128] In one embodiment, the middle frame 19 and / or the conductive parts in the back cover 21 can serve as a reference ground for the electronic device 10, wherein the frame 11, PCB 17, etc. of the electronic device can be grounded through electrical connection with the middle frame.

[0129] The antenna of electronic device 10 may also be disposed within the housing, such as a bracket antenna or millimeter-wave antenna (not shown in FIG1 ). The clearance for the antenna disposed within the housing can be provided by a slot / opening in any of the middle frame, and / or the frame, and / or the back cover, and / or the display screen, or by a non-conductive gap / aperture formed between any of these. The antenna clearance ensures the antenna's radiation characteristics. It should be understood that the antenna clearance can be a non-conductive area formed by any conductive component within electronic device 10, through which the antenna radiates signals to the outside world. In one embodiment, antenna 40 may be in the form of an antenna based on a flexible printed circuit (FPC), an antenna based on laser-direct-structuring (LDS), or a microstrip disk antenna (MDA). In one embodiment, the antenna may also be a transparent structure embedded within the screen of electronic device 10, such that the antenna is a transparent antenna unit embedded within the screen of electronic device 10.

[0130] FIG. 1 only schematically illustrates some components of the electronic device 10 , and the actual shapes, sizes, and structures of these components are not limited by FIG. 1 .

[0131] It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, the surface where the display screen of the electronic device is located can be considered as the front surface, the surface where the back cover is located can be considered as the back surface, and the surface where the frame is located can be considered as the side surface.

[0132] First, the four antenna modes involved in this application will be introduced from Figures 2 to 5. Among them, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the common mode mode of an antenna provided by this application and the corresponding current and electric field distribution. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the differential mode mode of another antenna provided by this application and the corresponding current and electric field distribution. The antenna radiator in Figures 2 and 3 is open at both ends, and its common mode mode and differential mode can be called a line common mode mode and a line differential mode mode, respectively. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the common mode mode of an antenna provided by this application and the corresponding current, electric field, and magnetic current distribution. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the differential mode mode of another antenna provided by this application and the corresponding current, electric field, and magnetic current distribution. The antenna radiator in Figures 4 and 5 is coupled to the ground at both ends to achieve grounding, and its common mode mode and differential mode can be called a slot common mode mode and a slot differential mode mode, respectively.

[0133] It should be understood that the "common mode" or "CM mode" in this application includes the line common mode mode and the slot common mode mode, and the "differential mode mode" or "DM mode" in this application includes the line differential mode mode and the slot differential mode mode, which can be specifically determined according to the structure of the antenna.

[0134] It should be understood that the "common-differential mode" or "CM-DM mode" in this application refers to the line common mode and line differential mode generated on the same radiator, or refers to the slot common mode and slot differential mode generated on the same radiator, which can be specifically determined according to the structure of the antenna.

[0135] 1. Common mode (CM) mode

[0136] (a) in Figure 2 shows that the radiator of the antenna 40 is open at both ends and is connected to a feeding circuit (not shown) at the middle position 41. In one embodiment, the feeding form of the antenna 40 adopts symmetrical feed. The feeding circuit can be connected to the middle position 41 of the antenna 40 through a feeding line 42. It should be understood that symmetrical feeding can be understood as one end of the feeding circuit being connected to the radiator and the other end being coupled to the floor for grounding, wherein the connection point between the feeding circuit and the radiator (feeding point) is located at the center of the radiator. The center of the radiator can be, for example, the midpoint of the geometric structure, or the midpoint of the electrical length (or an area within a certain range near the above midpoint).

[0137] The middle position 41 of the antenna 40 may be, for example, the geometric center of the antenna, or the midpoint of the electrical length of the radiator. For example, the connection between the feed line 42 and the antenna 40 covers the middle position 41 .

[0138] (b) in FIG2 shows the current and electric field distribution of the antenna 40. As shown in (b) in FIG2, the current is distributed in opposite directions on both sides of the middle position 41, for example, symmetrically; the electric field is distributed in the same direction on both sides of the middle position 41. As shown in (b) in FIG2, the current at the feed line 42 is distributed in the same direction. Based on the same direction distribution of the current at the feed line 42, the feeding shown in (a) in FIG2 can be called line CM feeding. Based on the opposite distribution of the current on both sides of the connection between the radiator and the feed line 42, the antenna mode shown in (b) in FIG2 can be called a line CM mode (also referred to as a CM mode for short, for example, for a linear antenna, the CM mode refers to a line CM mode). The current and electric field shown in (b) in FIG2 can be respectively referred to as the current and electric field of the line CM mode.

[0139] The current is stronger at the center 41 of the antenna 40 (the highest current point is near the center 41 of the antenna 40) and weaker at both ends of the antenna 40, as shown in FIG2(b). The electric field is weaker at the center 41 of the antenna 40 and stronger at both ends of the antenna 40.

[0140] 2. Line differential mode (DM) mode

[0141] As shown in Figure 3(a), the left and right ends of the two radiators of antenna 50 are open, and a feed circuit is connected at a center position 51. In one embodiment, antenna 50 uses an anti-symmetrical feed. One end of the feed circuit is connected to one of the radiators via a feed line 52, and the other end of the feed circuit is connected to the other radiator via a feed line 52. Center position 51 can be the geometric center of antenna 50 or the gap formed between the radiators.

[0142] It should be understood that the "center-antisymmetric feeding" mentioned in this application can be understood as the positive and negative poles of the feed unit being connected to two connection points near the aforementioned midpoint of the radiator. In one embodiment, the signals output by the positive and negative poles of the feed unit have the same amplitude but opposite phases, for example, a phase difference of 180°±10°.

[0143] (b) in FIG3 shows the current and electric field distribution of the antenna 50. As shown in (b) in FIG3, the current is distributed in the same direction on both sides of the middle position 51 of the antenna 50, for example, in an antisymmetric distribution; the electric field is distributed in opposite directions on both sides of the middle position 51. As shown in (b) in FIG3, the current at the feed line 52 is distributed in opposite directions. Based on the opposite distribution of the current at the feed line 52, the feeding shown in (a) in FIG3 can be called line DM feeding. Based on the current being distributed in the same direction on both sides of the connection between the radiator and the feed line 52, the antenna mode shown in (b) in FIG3 can be called a line DM mode (it can also be simply referred to as a DM mode. For example, for a linear antenna, the DM mode refers to a line DM mode). The current and electric field shown in (b) in FIG3 can be respectively referred to as the current and electric field of the line DM mode.

[0144] The current is strong at the center 51 of the antenna 50 (the current is strong near the center 51 of the antenna 50) and weak at both ends of the antenna 50, as shown in FIG3(b). The electric field is weak at the center 51 of the antenna 50 and strong at both ends of the antenna 50.

[0145] It should be understood that the antenna radiator can be understood as a metal structural member that generates radiation, and the number of the radiator can be one, as shown in FIG2 , or two, as shown in FIG3 , which can be adjusted according to actual design or production needs. For example, for the line CM mode, two radiators can be used as shown in FIG3 , with the two ends of the two radiators arranged opposite to each other and separated by a gap. A symmetrical feeding method is adopted at the two ends close to each other, for example, the same feed source signal is fed into the two ends of the two radiators close to each other, and an effect similar to the antenna structure shown in FIG2 can also be obtained. Correspondingly, for the line DM mode, one radiator can be used as shown in FIG2 , with two feeding points set in the middle of the radiator and an antisymmetric feeding method is adopted. For example, if two symmetrical feeding points on the radiator are fed with signals with the same amplitude and opposite phases, an effect similar to the antenna structure shown in FIG3 can also be obtained.

[0146] 3. Line CM-DM mode

[0147] FIG2 and FIG3 above respectively show that when both ends of the radiator are open, a line CM mode and a line DM mode are generated by adopting different feeding methods.

[0148] When the antenna uses asymmetric feeding (the feeding point is offset from the center of the radiator, including side feeding or offset feeding), or the radiator's grounding point (where it couples with the floor) is asymmetric (the grounding point is offset from the center of the radiator), the antenna can simultaneously produce a first resonance and a second resonance, corresponding to the linear CM mode and the linear DM mode, respectively. For example, the first resonance corresponds to the linear CM mode, with the current and electric field distributions shown in Figure 2(b). The second resonance corresponds to the linear DM mode, with the current and electric field distributions shown in Figure 3(b).

[0149] 4. Slot CM mode

[0150] The radiator of the antenna 60 shown in FIG4(a) has a hollowed-out slot or gap 61, or the radiator of the antenna 60 and the ground (e.g., a floor, which can be a PCB) can enclose the slot or slot 61. The slot 61 can be formed by cutting a groove in the floor. An opening 62 is provided on one side of the slot 61, and the opening 62 can be specifically located in the middle of the side. The middle of the side of the slot 61 can be, for example, the geometric midpoint of the antenna 60, or the midpoint of the electrical length of the radiator, for example, the area of ​​the opening 62 on the radiator covers the middle of the side. The opening 62 can be connected to the feed circuit, and antisymmetric feeding can be used. It should be understood that antisymmetric feeding can be understood as the positive and negative poles of the feed circuit being connected to the two ends of the radiator respectively. The signals output by the positive and negative poles of the feed circuit have the same amplitude and opposite phase, for example, a phase difference of 180°±10°.

[0151] Figure 4(b) shows the current, electric field, and magnetic current distribution of antenna 60. As shown in Figure 4(b), the current on the conductor surrounding slot 61 (e.g., the floor and / or radiator 60) is distributed in the same direction around slot 61. The electric field is distributed in opposite directions on either side of the center of slot 61, and the magnetic current is distributed in opposite directions on either side of the center of slot 61. As shown in Figure 4(b), the electric field at opening 62 (e.g., the feed point) is in the same direction, and the magnetic current at opening 62 (e.g., the feed point) is in the same direction. Based on the same direction of the magnetic current at opening 62 (the feed point), the feeding shown in Figure 4(a) can be referred to as slot CM feeding. Based on the same direction of current on the radiator on either side of opening 62 (e.g., antisymmetric distribution), or based on the same direction of current on the conductor surrounding slot 61 around slot 61, the antenna pattern shown in Figure 4(b) can be referred to as a slot CM mode (or simply CM mode, for example, for a slot antenna, the CM mode refers to the slot CM mode). The electric field, current, and magnetic flow distributions shown in FIG4( b ) can be referred to as the electric field, current, and magnetic flow of the slot CM mode.

[0152] The magnetic field is weak in the middle of the antenna 60 and strong at both ends of the antenna 60. The electric field is strong in the middle of the antenna 60 (the highest point of the electric field is near the middle of the antenna 60) and weak at both ends of the antenna 60, as shown in FIG4(b).

[0153] 5. Slot DM mode

[0154] As shown in (a) of FIG5 , the radiator of the antenna 70 has a hollowed-out slot or gap 72, or the radiator of the antenna 70 and the ground (e.g., a floor, which can be a PCB) enclose the slot or slot 72. The slot 72 can be formed by cutting a slot in the floor. The middle position 71 of the slot 72 is connected to the feed circuit, and symmetrical feeding is adopted. It should be understood that symmetrical feeding can be understood as one end of the feed circuit being connected to the radiator and the other end being coupled to the floor for grounding, wherein the connection point between the feed circuit and the radiator (feeding point) is located at the center of the radiator. The center of the radiator can be, for example, the midpoint of the geometric structure, or the midpoint of the electrical length (or an area within a certain range near the above midpoint). The middle position of one side of the slot 72 is connected to the positive pole of the feed circuit, and the middle position of the other side of the slot 72 is connected to the negative pole of the feed circuit. The middle position of the side of the slot 72 can be, for example, the middle position of the slot antenna 60 / the middle position of the ground, such as the geometric midpoint of the slot antenna, or the midpoint of the electrical length of the radiator, such as the connection between the feeding circuit and the radiator covering the middle position 51 of the side.

[0155] Figure 5(b) shows the current, electric field, and magnetic flux distribution of antenna 70. As shown in Figure 5(b), on the conductor surrounding slot 72 (such as the floor and / or radiator 60), the current is distributed around slot 72 and in opposite directions on either side of the center of slot 72. The electric field is distributed in the same direction on either side of center 71, and the magnetic flux is distributed in the same direction on either side of center 71. The magnetic flux at the feed circuit is distributed in opposite directions (not shown). Due to the opposite distribution of magnetic flux at the feed circuit, the feeding shown in Figure 5(a) can be referred to as slot DM feeding. Due to the opposite current distribution (e.g., symmetrical distribution) on either side of the connection between the feed circuit and the radiator, or due to the opposite current distribution (e.g., symmetrical distribution) around slot 71, the antenna pattern shown in Figure 5(b) can be referred to as a slot DM mode (or simply DM mode, for example, for a slot antenna, the DM mode refers to the slot DM mode). The electric field, current, and magnetic flux distribution shown in Figure 5(b) can be referred to as the electric field, current, and magnetic flux of the slot DM mode.

[0156] The current is weak in the middle of the antenna 70 and strong at both ends of the antenna 70. The electric field is strong in the middle of the antenna 70 (the highest point of the electric field is near the middle of the antenna 60) and weak at both ends of the slot antenna 70, as shown in Figure 5(b).

[0157] It should be understood that the radiator of the antenna can be understood as a metal structure that generates radiation (for example, including a part of the floor), which can include an opening, as shown in FIG4 , or can be a complete ring, as shown in FIG5 , and can be adjusted according to actual design or production needs. For example, for the slot CM mode, a complete ring radiator can be used as shown in FIG5 , and two feeding points are set in the middle position of the radiator on one side of the slot 61 and an anti-symmetric feeding method is adopted. For example, signals with the same amplitude and opposite phases are fed into the two ends of the original opening position, and an effect similar to the antenna structure shown in FIG4 can also be obtained. Correspondingly, for the slot DM mode, a radiator including an opening can be used as shown in FIG4 , and a symmetrical feeding method is adopted at both ends of the opening position. For example, the same feed source signal is fed into the two ends of the radiator on both sides of the opening, and an effect similar to the antenna structure shown in FIG5 can also be obtained.

[0158] 6. Slot CM-DM mode.

[0159] FIG4 and FIG5 above respectively show that the slot structure generates a slot CM mode and a slot DM mode respectively by using different feeding methods.

[0160] When the antenna uses asymmetric feeding (the feeding point deviates from the center, including side feeding or offset feeding), or the slot opening on one side is asymmetric (the opening deviates from the center of that side), the antenna can simultaneously produce a first resonance and a second resonance, corresponding to the slot CM mode and slot DM mode, respectively. For example, the first resonance corresponds to the slot CM mode, with the current, electric field, and magnetic flux distributions shown in Figure 4(b). The second resonance corresponds to the slot DM mode, with the current, electric field, and magnetic flux distributions shown in Figure 5(b).

[0161] Since the above antenna structures can both generate two operating modes (with symmetrical or antisymmetrical electric field distribution) in which the electric fields are orthogonal (the product of the electric fields in the far field is zero (integrated orthogonal)), the isolation between the two operating modes of this antenna structure is good, and it can be applied to multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna systems in electronic devices.

[0162] At the same time, when the two antenna structures operate in two working modes (electric fields are symmetrically distributed or antisymmetrically distributed) in which the electric fields are orthogonal (the product of the electric fields in the far field is zero (integrated orthogonal)), there is also good isolation between the two antenna structures, and they can be used as sub-units in the MIMO antenna system in electronic devices.

[0163] It should be understood that the two antenna structures can be understood as antenna structures fed with signals by a first feed circuit and a second feed circuit, respectively. The first feed circuit and the second feed circuit are different. In an electronic device, the first feed circuit and the second feed circuit can be different radio frequency channels in a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC).

[0164] Currently, the communication frequency bands of the electronic device 10 will continue to coexist with multiple frequency bands, such as 3G, 4G, and 5G, for a long time to come, requiring an increasing number of antennas. Because the electronic device 10 needs to be equipped with multiple antennas to accommodate the coexistence of multiple frequency bands, the conductive parts of the frame of the electronic device 10 typically serve as radiators for the multiple antennas.

[0165] When a user uses electronic device 10, the radiation performance of the antenna in the grip area deteriorates (e.g., its efficiency decreases). For example, when a user holds electronic device 10 horizontally (e.g., when taking a photo), as shown in FIG6 , the user's finger is typically located near an insulation gap. Because insulation gaps typically have a strong electric field, and the human body absorbs some electromagnetic waves, the radiation performance of the antenna in the insulation gap deteriorates (e.g., its efficiency decreases), resulting in poor communication performance of electronic device 10.

[0166] An embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device including an antenna. The antenna comprises a portion of a conductive frame as a radiator. When a user holds the electronic device around the radiator, the antenna still has good radiation characteristics.

[0167] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0168] As shown in FIG. 7 , the electronic device 10 includes a frame 11 , an antenna 200 , and a floor 300 .

[0169] At least a portion of the frame 11 is spaced apart from the floor 300. The frame 11 includes a first position 201, a second position 202, a third position 203, and a fourth position 204 that are sequentially arranged.

[0170] The frame 11 is coupled to the floor 300 at the first position 201 and the third position 203. The frame 11 defines a first insulating gap and a second insulating gap at the second position 202 and the fourth position 204.

[0171] In one embodiment, the width of the first insulating gap is greater than or equal to 0.2 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm. It should be understood that the width of the gaps provided on the frame in the embodiments of the present application can be within the above ranges. For the sake of brevity, they are not detailed here. The "width of the insulating gap" should be understood as the dimension extending in the direction between two sections of conductive material (e.g., two radiators).

[0172] The antenna 200 includes a first radiator 210 , a second radiator 220 , and a third radiator 230 .

[0173] The first radiator 210 includes a conductive portion of the frame 11 between the first position 201 and the second position 202. At least a portion of the first radiator 210 is spaced apart from the floor 300.

[0174] The second radiator 220 includes a conductive portion of the frame 11 between the second position 202 and the third position 203. At least a portion of the second radiator 220 is spaced apart from the floor 300.

[0175] The third radiator 230 includes a conductive portion of the frame 11 between the third position 203 and the fourth position 204. At least a portion of the third radiator 230 is spaced apart from the floor 300.

[0176] Antenna 200 also includes a feed circuit 240. One of first radiator 210, second radiator 220, and third radiator 230 includes a feed point 221, and feed circuit 240 is coupled to feed point 221. Feed circuit 240 is configured to feed a radio frequency signal in a first frequency band. In one embodiment, the first frequency band includes any communication frequency band between 1700 MHz and 2700 MHz.

[0177] The physical length L1 of the first radiator 210 is greater than or equal to 5 mm and less than or equal to 30 mm. In one embodiment, the physical length L2 of the second radiator 220 is greater than or equal to 5 mm and less than or equal to 30 mm. In one embodiment, the physical length L3 of the third radiator 230 is greater than or equal to 5 mm and less than or equal to 30 mm.

[0178] In one embodiment, the physical length L1 of the first radiator 210 , the physical length L2 of the second radiator 220 , and the physical length L3 of the third radiator 230 satisfy: L1×50%≤L2≤L1×200%, L1×50%≤L3≤L1×200%, and L2×50%≤L3≤L2×200%.

[0179] It should be understood that the physical length L1 of the first radiator 210 can be understood as the length of the conductive portion between the first position 201 and the first insulating gap (the second position 202 ) in the extension direction (eg, z direction) of the frame 11 .

[0180] The coupling of the frame 11 at the first position 201 to the floor 300 can be achieved by a metal spring or a connecting rib structure between the frame and the middle plate. When a metal component such as a metal spring is used, the distance between the first position 201 and the first insulating gap can be understood as the distance measured from the center of the metal spring. When a connecting rib structure between the frame and the middle plate is used, the distance between the first position 201 and the first insulating gap can be understood as the distance measured from the edge of the connecting rib structure closest to the radiator. In the embodiments of the present application, the distances between the coupling positions with the floor can be understood accordingly.

[0181] Moreover, when the first position 201 and the first insulating gap (second position 202) are respectively located on different sides of the frame 11, for example, located on the first side and the second side that intersect at an angle, the physical length L1 of the first radiator 210 can be understood as the sum of the length in the extension direction of the first side and the length in the extension direction of the second side. In the embodiment of the present application, it can be understood accordingly.

[0182] The physical length L2 of the second radiator 220 may be understood as the length of the conductive portion between the third position 203 and the first insulating gap (the second position 202 ) in the extension direction (eg, the z direction) of the frame 11 .

[0183] The physical length L3 of the third radiator 230 may be understood as the length of the conductive portion between the third position 203 and the second insulating gap (fourth position 204 ) in the extension direction (eg, z direction) of the frame 11 .

[0184] Meanwhile, the physical length L1 of the first radiator 210, the physical length L2 of the second radiator 220, and the physical length L3 of the third radiator 230 can be determined according to actual production or design (for example, determined by the internal layout of the electronic device 10). The electrical length of the first radiator 210, the electrical length of the second radiator 220, and the electrical length of the third radiator 230 can be adjusted by the loaded electronic components, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0185] The first radiator 210, the second radiator 220 and the third radiator 230 are used to jointly generate a first resonance, wherein the resonance frequency band of the first resonance includes the first frequency band mentioned above.

[0186] According to an embodiment of the present application, in the above-mentioned antenna 200, when operating in the first frequency band (for example, the resonance point of the first resonance), when the user holds it near the radiator (for example, the first insulating gap), the radiation characteristics of the antenna 200 are less affected, and the electronic device 10 still has good communication characteristics.

[0187] For example, the tangential component of the electric field generated by the antenna 200 near the first insulating gap (second position 202) in the resonant frequency band of the first resonance (for example, the resonant point of the first resonance) is reduced (for example, the component parallel to the human body when the user holds it, or the component parallel to the extension direction of the first radiator 210 or the extension direction of the second radiator 220). Therefore, when the user holds it near the radiator (for example, the first insulating gap), the radiation characteristics of the antenna 200 are less affected (compared with the normal component of the electric field, the human body absorbs more of the tangential component of the electric field, and the antenna radiation characteristics are more reduced) (for example, radiation efficiency).

[0188] In one embodiment, the first frequency band may include a wireless network communication technology (Wi-Fi) frequency band (e.g., a 2.4G frequency band). In one embodiment, the 2.4G frequency band may include 2.4 GHz to 2.4835 GHz. In one embodiment, the first frequency band may include Bluetooth wireless technology (Bluetooth, BT) (2.4 GHz to 2.4835 GHz). In one embodiment, the first frequency band may include an L1 frequency band in a global positioning system (GPS) that may include 1575.42 MHz ± 1.023 MHz.

[0189] In one embodiment, the first frequency band may include at least part of the middle band (MB) (1710MHz-2170MHz) in long term evolution (LTE) technology, and / or at least part of the high band (HB) (2300MHz-2690MHz), for example, B1 (1920MHz-1980MHz), B3 (1710MHz-1785MHz) and B7 (2500MHz-2570MHz) in LTE.

[0190] According to an embodiment of the present application, in the antenna 200 described above, in the resonant frequency band of the first resonance (e.g., the resonant point of the first resonance), the first radiator 210, the second radiator 220, and the third radiator 230 all have strong currents, and the current is not concentrated on a single radiator. The antenna 200 has a low directivity coefficient, thereby enabling the electronic device 10 to have good communication performance in all directions. For example, when the first frequency band is the 2.4G band of Wi-Fi, the electronic device 10 has good omnidirectionality and has good transmission performance for Wi-Fi signals in all directions.

[0191] In one embodiment, at the resonance point of the first resonance, the current on the first radiator 210 and the current on the second radiator 220 are opposite to each other, and the current on the second radiator 220 and the current on the third radiator 230 are opposite to each other.

[0192] It should be understood that since the frame 11 is coupled to the floor 300 at the first position 201 and the third position 203, and the first insulating gap and the second insulating gap are opened at the second position 202 and the fourth position 204, the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 can form a structure similar to a slot antenna, and the second radiator 220 and the third radiator 230 can form a structure similar to a wire antenna (for example, a T-shaped antenna).

[0193] At the first resonance point, the currents on the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 can be understood as being generated by the slot DM mode in the above embodiment. The currents on the second radiator 220 and the third radiator 230 can be understood as being generated by the line CM mode in the above embodiment.

[0194] In one embodiment, the first resonance is mainly generated by the second radiator 220 .

[0195] It should be understood that the first resonance being primarily generated by the second radiator 220 can be understood as meaning that the electrical length of the second radiator 220 has a significant influence on the resonant frequency of the first resonance. For example, the first resonance being primarily generated by the second radiator 220 can be understood as meaning that, when the electrical length of the second radiator 220 changes, the resonant frequency of the first resonance shifts more significantly than when the electrical length of the first radiator 210 or the electrical length of the third radiator 230 undergoes the same change. In the embodiments of the present application, for simplicity of discussion, the term "resonance primarily generated by the corresponding radiator" can be understood accordingly.

[0196] In one embodiment, the first radiator 210, the second radiator 220 and the third radiator 230 can also be used to jointly generate the first resonance and the second resonance. The resonance point frequency of the second resonance is lower than the resonance point frequency of the first resonance.

[0197] The frequency difference between the second resonance point frequency and the first resonance point frequency is less than or equal to 700 MHz. In one embodiment, the frequency difference between the second resonance point frequency and the first resonance point frequency is less than or equal to one third of the first resonance point frequency.

[0198] According to an embodiment of the present application, when the first resonance and the second resonance generated by the antenna 200 have the above-mentioned relationship, the tangential component of the electric field generated near the first insulating gap (second position 202) in the resonant frequency band of the first resonance (for example, the resonant point of the first resonance) is further increased. Therefore, when the user holds it near the radiator (for example, the first insulating gap), the radiation characteristics of the antenna 200 are less affected (for example, the radiation efficiency).

[0199] In one embodiment, the second resonance is mainly generated by the first radiator 210 .

[0200] In one embodiment, at the resonance point of the second resonance, the current on the first radiator 210 and the current on the second radiator 220 are in the same direction, and the current on the second radiator 220 and the current on the third radiator 230 are in opposite directions.

[0201] It should be understood that since the frame 11 is coupled to the floor 300 at the first position 201 and the third position 203, and the first insulating gap and the second insulating gap are opened at the second position 202 and the fourth position 204, the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 can form a structure similar to a slot antenna, and the second radiator 220 and the third radiator 230 can form a structure similar to a wire antenna (for example, a T-shaped antenna).

[0202] At the second resonance point, the currents on the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 can be understood as being generated by the slot CM mode in the above embodiment. The currents on the second radiator 220 and the third radiator 230 can be understood as being generated by the line CM mode in the above embodiment.

[0203] According to an embodiment of the present application, by combining the above-mentioned multiple different modes, when the first resonance and the second resonance have the above-mentioned relationship, the tangential component of the electric field generated near the first insulating gap when the electronic device 10 communicates in the first frequency band can be further increased. When the user holds it near the first insulating gap, it will not absorb a large amount of radiation, so that the antenna 200 still has good radiation characteristics, and the communication performance of the electronic device 10 will not be greatly affected.

[0204] In one embodiment, the first radiator 210, the second radiator 220 and the third radiator 230 can also be used to jointly generate the first resonance and the third resonance. The resonance point frequency of the first resonance is lower than the resonance point frequency of the third resonance.

[0205] The frequency difference between the resonance point frequency of the first resonance and the resonance point frequency of the third resonance is less than or equal to 300 MHz. In one embodiment, the frequency difference between the resonance point frequency of the first resonance and the resonance point frequency of the third resonance is less than or equal to one sixth of the resonance point frequency of the first resonance.

[0206] According to an embodiment of the present application, when the first resonance and the third resonance generated by the antenna 200 have the above-mentioned relationship, the tangential component of the electric field generated near the first insulating gap (second position 202) in the resonant frequency band of the first resonance (for example, the resonance point of the first resonance) is further increased. Therefore, when the user holds it near the radiator (for example, the first insulating gap), the radiation characteristics of the antenna 200 are less affected (for example, the radiation efficiency).

[0207] In one embodiment, the third resonance is mainly generated by the third radiator 230 .

[0208] In one embodiment, at the resonance point of the third resonance, the current on the first radiator 210 and the current on the second radiator 220 are in opposite directions, and the current on the second radiator 220 and the current on the third radiator 230 are in the same direction.

[0209] It should be understood that since the frame 11 is coupled to the floor 300 at the first position 201 and the third position 203, and the first insulating gap and the second insulating gap are opened at the second position 202 and the fourth position 204, the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 can form a structure similar to a slot antenna, and the second radiator 220 and the third radiator 230 can form a structure similar to a wire antenna (for example, a T-shaped antenna).

[0210] At the third resonance point, the currents on the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 can be understood as being generated by the slot DM mode in the above embodiment. The currents on the second radiator 220 and the third radiator 230 can be understood as being generated by the line DM mode in the above embodiment.

[0211] According to an embodiment of the present application, by combining the above-mentioned multiple different modes, when the first resonance and the third resonance have the above-mentioned relationship, the tangential component of the electric field generated near the first insulating gap when the electronic device 10 communicates in the first frequency band can be further increased. When the user holds it near the first insulating gap, it will not absorb a large amount of radiation, so that the antenna 200 still has good radiation characteristics, and the communication performance of the electronic device 10 will not be greatly affected.

[0212] In one embodiment, the first radiator 210, the second radiator 220, and the third radiator 230 can also be used to jointly generate the first resonance, the second resonance, and the third resonance. The resonance point frequency of the second resonance is lower than the resonance point frequency of the first resonance. The resonance point frequency of the first resonance is lower than the resonance point frequency of the third resonance.

[0213] It should be understood that the description in the above embodiments is also applicable to the situation where the first radiator 210, the second radiator 220 and the third radiator 230 can also be used to jointly generate the above-mentioned first resonance, the above-mentioned second resonance and the above-mentioned third resonance, for example, the frequency difference between the resonance point of the first resonance, the current distribution at the resonance point of the second resonance or the resonance point of the third resonance, for the sake of brevity of the discussion, they will not be repeated one by one.

[0214] According to an embodiment of the present application, when the first resonance, second resonance and third resonance generated by the antenna 200 have the above-mentioned relationship, the tangential component of the electric field generated near the first insulating gap (second position 202) in the resonant frequency band of the first resonance (for example, the resonance point of the first resonance) is further increased. Therefore, when the user holds it near the radiator (for example, the first insulating gap), the radiation characteristics of the antenna 200 are less affected (for example, the radiation efficiency).

[0215] It should be understood that, for the sake of simplicity, this embodiment only uses the example of the first radiator 210, the second radiator 220, and the third radiator 230 jointly generating the second resonance and the third resonance as an example. It should be understood that in other embodiments of the present application, the first radiator 210, the second radiator 220, and the third radiator 230 can also be used to jointly generate the first resonance and the second resonance, or to jointly generate the first resonance and the third resonance, and the following description of the second resonance and the third resonance is also applicable.

[0216] In one embodiment, the physical length L1 of the first radiator 210 , the physical length L2 of the second radiator 220 , and the physical length L3 of the third radiator 230 satisfy: L1×80%≤L2≤L1×120%, and L1×70%≤L3≤L1×150%, and L2×70%≤L3≤L2×150%.

[0217] It should be understood that when the physical length L1 of the first radiator 210, the physical length L2 of the second radiator 220 and the physical length L3 of the third radiator 230 meet the above conditions, the frequency difference between the resonance point frequency of the second resonance and the resonance point frequency of the first resonance, and / or the frequency difference between the resonance point frequency of the first resonance and the resonance point frequency of the third resonance can be made roughly within the above range (the frequency difference between the resonance point frequency of the second resonance and the resonance point frequency of the first resonance is less than or equal to 700 MHz, and the frequency difference between the resonance point frequency of the first resonance and the resonance point frequency of the third resonance is less than or equal to 300 MHz), so that in the resonance frequency band of the first resonance (for example, the resonance point of the first resonance), the tangential component of the electric field generated by the antenna 200 near the first insulating gap (second position 202) is further increased.

[0218] In one embodiment, the second radiator 220 includes a feeding point 221 .

[0219] It should be understood that when the feeding point 221 is located at the second radiator 220 , in the first frequency band, the antenna 200 has a higher gain, the current distribution on the radiator is more uniform, and the directivity coefficient of the antenna 200 is lower.

[0220] In one embodiment, the antenna 200 further includes a first electronic component 231 , as shown in FIG8 . The first radiator 210 includes a first connection point 211 , and the first electronic component 231 is coupled between the first connection point 211 and the ground plane 300 .

[0221] In one embodiment, the antenna 200 further includes a second electronic component 232 . The third radiator 230 includes a second connection point 212 , and the second electronic component 232 is coupled between the second connection point 212 and the ground plane 300 .

[0222] The first electronic component 231 can be used to change the electrical length of the first radiator 210, thereby adjusting the resonance frequency of the second resonance. The second electronic component 232 can be used to change the electrical length of the third radiator 230, thereby adjusting the resonance frequency of the third resonance.

[0223] In one embodiment, the distance between the first connection point 211 and the second position 202 (the physical length of the first radiator 210) is less than or equal to one third of the physical length of the first radiator 210. In one embodiment, the distance between the first connection point 211 and the second position 202 (the physical length of the first radiator 210) is less than or equal to 5 mm.

[0224] It should be understood that as the first connection point 211 approaches the second position 202 , a stronger electric field distribution is present at the first insulating gap, which can enable the electrical length of the resonant point frequency of the second resonance to have a larger adjustment range.

[0225] In one embodiment, the distance between the second connection point 212 and the fourth position 204 (the physical length of the third radiator 210) is less than or equal to one-third of the physical length of the third radiator 230. In one embodiment, the distance between the second connection point 212 and the fourth position 204 (the physical length of the third radiator 210) is less than or equal to 5 mm.

[0226] It should be understood that as the second connection point 212 approaches the fourth position 204 , a stronger electric field distribution is present at the second insulating gap, which can allow the resonant point frequency of the third resonance to have a larger adjustment range.

[0227] In one embodiment, the distance between the feed point 221 and the second position 202 (the physical length of the second radiator 220) is less than or equal to one third of the physical length of the second radiator 220. In one embodiment, the distance between the feed point 221 and the second position 202 (the physical length of the second radiator 220) is less than or equal to 5 mm.

[0228] It should be understood that as the feeding point 221 moves toward the second position 202 , it is beneficial to miniaturize the second radiator 220 .

[0229] In one embodiment, the antenna 200 may further include a first grounding member 241. The frame may be grounded at the third position 203 via the first grounding member 241. The width of the connection between the first grounding member 241 and the frame 11 is less than or equal to 6 mm, so that the third radiator 230 can be well excited.

[0230] In one embodiment, electronic device 10 further includes a middle frame, which includes a frame 11 and a middle plate, wherein the middle plate is electrically connected to floor 300. In one embodiment, first grounding member 241 is connected between frame 11 and the middle plate and is integrally formed with the frame 11 and the middle plate. In one embodiment, first grounding member 241 is a connecting rib structure.

[0231] It should be understood that the grounding point and / or connection point can be implemented by a metal spring or a rib structure connecting the metal spring to the middle plate of the middle frame. When a metal component such as a metal spring is used, the distance between the grounding point and / or connection point and other points or ends on the radiator can be understood as the distance measured from the center of the metal spring. When a rib structure connecting the metal spring to the middle plate of the middle frame is used, the distance between the grounding point and / or connection point and other points or ends on the radiator can be understood as the distance measured from the edge of one end of the rib structure.

[0232] In one embodiment, grounding can be achieved through a second grounding member at the first position 201. The width of the second grounding member connected to the frame 11 is greater than or equal to 1 mm, so that the antenna 200 has good isolation from other antennas.

[0233] In one embodiment, the second grounding member is a connecting rib structure. In one embodiment, the first grounding member 241, the second connecting member, the frame 11 and the middle plate are integrally formed.

[0234] In one embodiment, the electronic device 10 further includes a daughter board 251 and a camera module 252 , as shown in FIG9 .

[0235] At least a portion of the sub-board 251 is located between the camera module 252 and the third radiator 230. The second electronic component 232 is located on a surface of the sub-board 251 facing the third radiator 230 or the camera module 252.

[0236] It should be understood that in the electronic device 10, since the camera module 252 is arranged near the third radiator 230, the distance between the third radiator 230 and the camera module 252 is relatively close, a sub-board can be arranged between the third radiator 230 and the camera module 252, thereby setting the second electronic component 232 on the surface of the sub-board.

[0237] In one embodiment, the distance between the third radiator 230 and the camera module 252 is less than or equal to 3 mm.

[0238] It should be understood that the sub-board 251 can be inserted into the slot formed by the third radiator 230 and the camera module 252 to save space. Inserting the sub-board 251 into the slot can be understood as the size of the sub-board 251 in the thickness direction of the electronic device 10 (for example, the x-direction) being larger than the size of the sub-board 251 between the third radiator 230 and the camera module 252 (for example, the size of the sub-board 251 in the direction extending perpendicular to the first side 131 (for example, the z-direction)).

[0239] In one embodiment, the daughter board 251 is a flexible printed circuit (FPC).

[0240] In one embodiment, the frame 11 includes a first side 131 and a second side 132 intersecting the first side 131 at an angle, as shown in FIG9 . The physical length of the first side 131 is greater than the physical length of the second side 132. In one embodiment, the second side 132 can be understood as a short side of the electronic device 10. When the electronic device 10 is a foldable electronic device including multiple housings, the second side 132 can be understood as a short side of the electronic device 10 when the electronic device 10 is in a folded state.

[0241] It should be understood that the second side 132 may be the top side or the bottom side of the electronic device 10. The top side / bottom side of the electronic device 10 may be understood as the top / bottom side in normal use, for example, the top / bottom side of a desktop or graphical user interface (GUI) in a mobile phone.

[0242] In one embodiment, the second position 202 may be located at the first side 131. A distance L4 between the first insulating gap and the second side 132 in the extension direction (eg, z direction) of the first side 131 is greater than or equal to 10 mm and less than or equal to 30 mm.

[0243] It should be understood that when the distance L4 between the first insulating gap and the second edge 132 is greater than or equal to 10 mm and less than or equal to 30 mm, when the user holds the electronic device 10 horizontally (for example, playing games or taking pictures), the user's fingers are roughly located near the first insulating gap. Due to the structure of the antenna 200, the radiation characteristics of the antenna 200 will not be significantly reduced in this case.

[0244] In one embodiment, the first position 201, the second position 202, the third position 203, and the fourth position 204 are all located on the first side 131. In one embodiment, the first position 201 is located on the second side 132. The second position 202, the third position 203, and the fourth position 204 are all located on the first side 131.

[0245] It should be understood that the first position 201 can be located on the first side 131 or the second side 132 according to actual production or design, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this. For the sake of simplicity, the first position 201 is only located on the first side 131 as an example for explanation.

[0246] Figures 10 and 11 are schematic diagrams showing simulation results of antenna 200 in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 8. Figure 10 shows the simulation results of the S parameters of antenna 200 in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 8. Figure 11 shows the simulation results of the radiation efficiency of antenna 200 in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 8.

[0247] It should be understood that for the sake of simplicity, in the embodiments of the present application, only the first frequency band including the 2.4G frequency band (2.4GHz-2.4835GHz) of Wi-Fi is used as an example for description.

[0248] As shown in FIG10 , the antenna resonates near 2.2 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 2.6 GHz. The resonance near 2.2 GHz may correspond to the second resonance in the above embodiment, the resonance near 2.4 GHz may correspond to the first resonance in the above embodiment, and the resonance near 2.6 GHz may correspond to the third resonance in the above embodiment.

[0249] When the user holds the electronic device horizontally, the resonance point of the second resonance shifts to around 2 GHz, and the resonance point of the first resonance and the resonance point of the third resonance are substantially the same.

[0250] It should be understood that in the S-parameter diagram shown in FIG10 , only three relatively obvious resonances (with relatively deep resonance points) are used as an example for explanation.

[0251] In actual production or design, the S-parameter graph produces one relatively obvious resonance (the first resonance) and one or two resonances with shallower resonance points (the second resonance and / or the third resonance). Alternatively, the S-parameter graph produces one relatively obvious resonance (the first resonance) and one or two relatively less obvious resonances (the second resonance and / or the third resonance). When the second resonance or the third resonance is close to the first resonance (the resonance point frequency satisfies the frequency difference described in the above embodiment), the electric field generated near the first insulation gap can have a strong tangential component.

[0252] Alternatively, in actual production or design, only one relatively obvious resonance (the first resonance) may be generated in the S-parameter graph. Alternatively, two relatively obvious resonances (the first resonance, the second resonance, or the third resonance) may be generated in the S-parameter graph. For the sake of brevity, we will not elaborate on each of these.

[0253] As shown in FIG11 , when the user holds the electronic device horizontally, in the first frequency band, the radiation efficiency decreases by about 1.2 dB, and the antenna still has good radiation efficiency.

[0254] Figures 12 to 14 are schematic diagrams of current distribution in the antenna 200 of the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 8. Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of current distribution in the antenna 200 of the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 8 at the second resonance point. Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of current distribution in the antenna 200 of the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 8 at the first resonance point. Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of current distribution in the antenna 200 of the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 8 at the third resonance point.

[0255] As shown in FIG12 , at the second resonance point (2.216 GHz), the current on the first radiator 210 and the current on the second radiator 220 are in the same direction, and the current on the second radiator 220 and the current on the third radiator 230 are in opposite directions.

[0256] The first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 can form a structure similar to a slot antenna, and the current flowing through the first radiator 210 and the current flowing through the second radiator 220 can be understood as being generated by the slot CM mode in the above-described embodiment. The second radiator 220 and the third radiator 230 can form a structure similar to a wire antenna (e.g., a T-shaped antenna), and the current flowing through the second radiator 220 and the current flowing through the third radiator 230 can be understood as being generated by the wire CM mode in the above-described embodiment.

[0257] As shown in FIG. 13 , at the resonance point of the first resonance (2.4 GHz), the current on the first radiator 210 and the current on the second radiator 220 are opposite to each other, and the current on the second radiator 220 and the current on the third radiator 230 are opposite to each other.

[0258] The first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 may form a structure similar to a slot antenna, and the current on the first radiator 210 and the current on the second radiator 220 may be understood to be generated by the slot DM mode in the above-mentioned embodiment. The second radiator 220 and the third radiator 230 may form a structure similar to a wire antenna (e.g., a T-shaped antenna), and the current on the second radiator 220 and the current on the third radiator 230 may be understood to be generated by the wire CM mode in the above-mentioned embodiment.

[0259] As shown in FIG. 14 , at the third resonance point (2.58 GHz), the current on the first radiator 210 and the current on the second radiator 220 are in opposite directions, and the current on the second radiator 220 and the current on the third radiator 230 are in the same direction.

[0260] The first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 may form a structure similar to a slot antenna, and the current on the first radiator 210 and the current on the second radiator 220 may be understood to be generated by the slot DM mode in the above-mentioned embodiment. The second radiator 220 and the third radiator 230 may form a structure similar to a wire antenna (e.g., a T-shaped antenna), and the current on the second radiator 220 and the current on the third radiator 230 may be understood to be generated by the wire DM mode in the above-mentioned embodiment.

[0261] Figures 15 to 17 are schematic diagrams of the electric field distribution of antenna 200 in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 8. Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution of antenna 200 in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 8 at the second resonance point. Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution of antenna 200 in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 8 at the first resonance point. Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution of antenna 200 in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 8 at the third resonance point.

[0262] As shown in Figures 15 to 17, compared with the resonance points of the second resonance and the first resonance, the tangential component (for example, the component parallel to the z direction) of the electric field generated near the first insulating gap (second position 202) at the resonance point of the first resonance is the smallest.

[0263] Therefore, when the electronic device operates in the first frequency band and the user holds it near the antenna (for example, the first insulating gap), the radiation characteristics of the antenna are less affected (compared with the normal component of the electric field, the human body absorbs more of the tangential component of the electric field, and the antenna radiation characteristics decrease more significantly) (for example, radiation efficiency), and the antenna can still have good radiation characteristics.

[0264] FIG. 18 is a directional pattern generated by the antenna 200 at the first resonance point in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG. 8 .

[0265] As shown in Figure 18, since there is a strong current on the first radiator, the second radiator and the third radiator, the current is not concentrated on a single radiator, and the directivity coefficient of the antenna is only 3.4dBi. The antenna has a low directivity coefficient, so that the electronic device has good communication performance in all directions.

[0266] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: floor; A frame, wherein the frame includes a first position, a second position, a third position and a fourth position arranged in sequence, The frame is coupled to the floor at the first position and the third position, and the frame is provided with a first insulating gap and a second insulating gap at the second position and the fourth position; An antenna, comprising: a first radiator, a second radiator, and a third radiator, wherein the first radiator includes a conductive portion of the frame between the first position and the second position, the second radiator includes a conductive portion of the frame between the second position and the third position, and the third radiator includes a conductive portion of the frame between the third position and the fourth position, and at least a portion of the first radiator, at least a portion of the second radiator, and at least a portion of the third radiator are spaced apart from the floor; a feeding circuit, wherein one of the first radiator, the second radiator, and the third radiator includes a feeding point, and the feeding circuit is coupled to the feeding point to feed a radio frequency signal in a first frequency band, wherein the first frequency band includes any communication frequency band within a range of 1700 MHz to 2700 MHz; The physical length L1 of the first radiator, the physical length L2 of the second radiator, and the physical length L3 of the third radiator are all greater than or equal to 5 mm and less than or equal to 30 mm; The first radiator, the second radiator, and the third radiator are configured to jointly generate a first resonance, and a resonance frequency band of the first resonance includes the first frequency band.

2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein At the resonance point of the first resonance, the current on the first radiator and the current on the second radiator are in opposite directions, and the current on the second radiator and the current on the third radiator are in opposite directions.

3. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein: The first radiator, the second radiator and the third radiator are further configured to jointly generate a second resonance, wherein a resonance point frequency of the second resonance is lower than a resonance point frequency of the first resonance; At the resonance point of the second resonance, the current on the first radiator and the current on the second radiator are in the same direction, and the current on the second radiator and the current on the third radiator are in opposite directions.

4. The electronic device according to claim 3, wherein: The first radiator, the second radiator and the third radiator are further configured to jointly generate a third resonance, wherein a resonance point frequency of the third resonance is higher than a resonance point frequency of the first resonance; at a resonance point of the third resonance, a current on the first radiator and a current on the second radiator are in opposite directions, and a current on the second radiator and a current on the third radiator are in the same direction.

5. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The physical length L1 of the first radiator, the physical length L2 of the second radiator, and the physical length L3 of the third radiator satisfy: L1×50%≤L2≤L1×200%, L1×50%≤L3≤L1×200%, and L2×50%≤L3≤L2×200%.

6. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The physical length L1 of the first radiator, the physical length L2 of the second radiator, and the physical length L3 of the third radiator satisfy: L1×80%≤L2≤L1×120%, and L1×70%≤L3≤L1×150%, and L2×70%≤L3≤L2×150%.

7. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The antenna further includes a first grounding member; The frame is coupled to the floor through the first grounding piece at the third position, and a width of the connection between the first grounding piece and the frame is less than or equal to 6 mm.

8. The electronic device according to claim 7, wherein: The electronic device further includes a middle frame, which includes the frame and a middle plate. The first grounding member, the frame and the middle plate are integrally formed.

9. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The second radiator includes the feeding point.

10. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The distance between the feeding point and the first insulating gap is less than or equal to 5 mm.

11. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The antenna further includes a first electronic component; The first radiator includes a first connection point, and the first electronic component is coupled between the first connection point and the floor.

12. The electronic device according to claim 11, wherein: The distance between the first connection point and the first insulating gap is less than or equal to 5 mm.

13. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: The antenna further includes a second electronic component; The third radiator includes a second connection point, and the second electronic component is coupled between the second connection point and the floor.

14. The electronic device according to claim 13, wherein: The distance between the second connection point and the first insulating gap is less than or equal to 5 mm.

15. The electronic device according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that: The electronic device further includes a daughter board and a camera module; At least a portion of the sub-board is located between the third radiator and the camera module, and the second electronic component is located on the surface of the sub-board facing the third radiator or the camera module.

16. The electronic device according to claim 15, characterized in that The distance between the third radiator and the camera module is less than or equal to 3 mm.

17. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that: The border includes a first side and a second side, and the physical length of the first side is greater than or equal to the physical length of the second side; The second position is located at the first side, and a distance between the first insulating gap and the second side in an extending direction of the first side is greater than or equal to 10 mm and less than or equal to 30 mm.

18. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that: The border includes a first side and a second side, and the physical length of the first side is greater than or equal to the physical length of the second side; The first position, the second position, the third position, and the fourth position are located on the first side.

19. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that: The frame is a metal frame; The first insulating gap is a first break on the frame, and the second insulating gap is a second break on the frame. Insulating material is provided in the first break and the second break.

20. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that: The first frequency band includes a Wi-Fi frequency band or a BT frequency band.

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