Combination of modulation techniques applied to multiple spatial streams

Abstract

A method related to an UEQM technique, among various examples of the present disclosure, can be related to the generation of a signal (SIG) field including a user field. For example: a station (STA) of a wireless LAN system can receive an SIG field including a first information field that indicates a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) index, and a second information field related to an unequal modulation (UEQM) pattern; the SIG field can be included in a first protocol data unit (PPDU); the first information field can have a value for the MCS index indicating at least one from among 64 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), 256 QAM, 1024 QAM, and 4096 QAM based on a 1 / 2 code rate; and the UEQM pattern can be applied to a plurality of spatial streams including a first spatial stream and a second spatial stream.

Description

A combination of modulation techniques applied to multiple spatial streams

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless LAN system, and more particularly, to an improved method and device related to UEQM (unequal modulation) of a wireless LAN system.

[0002] Wireless local area networks (WLANs) have been improved in various ways. For example, the Extreme High Throughput (EHT) standard can utilize newly proposed increased bandwidth, an improved PHY layer protocol data unit (PPDU) structure, improved sequences, and Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) techniques. The EHT standard can also be referred to as the IEEE 802.11be standard.

[0003] The EHT specification supports high throughput and high data rates, which may include wide bandwidth (e.g., 160 / 320 MHz), 16 streams, and / or multi-link (or multi-band) operation.

[0004] In the EHT specification, wide bandwidth (e.g., 160 / 240 / 320 MHz) can be used to achieve high throughput. Preamble puncturing and multiple RU transmissions can also be used to efficiently utilize bandwidth.

[0005] WLAN systems can be further improved through the Ultra High Reliability (UHR) standard. The UHR system, also known as the IEEE 802.11bn standard, aims to support ultra-high reliability when transmitting signals to STAs. To achieve this, various technologies are being considered for UHR systems, including high throughput, low latency, and extended range support.

[0006] WLAN systems perform media access based on primary channels. For example, information about a primary channel with a bandwidth of 20 MHz is transmitted to multiple STAs via management frames, and any STA attempting to exchange frames can access the primary channel.

[0007] To improve spectral efficiency in new wireless LAN systems, new MCS levels, indices, and parameters may be considered. If improvements are made to existing MCS techniques, improved technologies may be required for various communications, such as downlink and uplink.

[0008] Additionally, new wireless LAN systems can apply unequal modulation (UEQM) technology to improve the SNR gap between different spatial streams. Applying improved UEQM techniques may require improved technology for various communications, such as downlink and uplink.

[0009] This specification proposes various signaling techniques related to improved MCS techniques and / or UEQM techniques.

[0010] Among the various examples of the present specification, a method related to the UEQM technique may relate to the generation of a signal (SIG) field including a user field. For example, a station (STA) of a wireless LAN system may receive a signal (SIG) field including a first information field indicating a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) index and a second information field related to an unequal modulation (UEQM) pattern. For example, the SIG field may be included in a first protocol data unit (PPDU). For example, the first information field may have a value for an MCS index indicating at least one of 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), 256 QAM, 1024 QAM, and 4096 QAM based on a 1 / 2 code rate. For example, the UEQM pattern may be applied to a plurality of spatial streams including a first spatial stream and a second spatial stream. For example, the first information field may have a value indicating an MCS index applied to the first spatial stream. For example, the constellation index applied to the second spatial stream may be determined based on a combination of the first information field and the second information field. For example, the constellation index applied to the second spatial stream may be at least one order lower than the constellation index applied to the first spatial stream.

[0011] This specification proposes a signaling technique for conveying information about improved MCS techniques and / or improved UEQM patterns when these techniques are applied in uplink or downlink. This allows STAs supporting uplink or downlink to accurately support the improved MCS techniques and / or UEQM techniques.

[0012] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a transmitting device and / or a receiving device of the present specification.

[0013] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the structure of a wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0014] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a general link setup process.

[0015] Figure 4 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-link (ML).

[0016] Figure 5 illustrates a PPDU transmitted / received by an STA of this specification.

[0017] Figure 6 is a diagram showing the layout of resource units (RUs) used for 20MHz PPDU.

[0018] Figure 7 is a diagram showing the layout of resource units (RUs) used for 40MHz PPDU.

[0019] Figure 8 is a diagram showing the layout of resource units (RUs) used for 80MHz PPDU.

[0020] Figure 9 shows the operation according to UL-MU.

[0021] Figure 10 shows an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 2.4 GHz band.

[0022] Figure 11 illustrates an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 5 GHz band.

[0023] Figure 12 illustrates an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 6 GHz band.

[0024] Figure 13 shows an example of a header of a MAC frame.

[0025] FIG. 14 illustrates a modified example of a transmitting device and / or a receiving device of the present specification.

[0026] Figures 15 and 16 are drawings illustrating an imbalance that occurs for at least one SS.

[0027] Figure 17 shows an example of a user field proposed in this specification.

[0028] Figure 18 is an example of a procedure flowchart related to this specification.

[0029] Figure 19 is an example of a procedure flowchart related to this specification.

[0030] As used herein, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, as used herein, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, as used herein, "A, B or C" can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0031] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0032] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Additionally, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted identically to "at least one of A and B".

[0033] In addition, parentheses used in this specification may mean "for example". Specifically, when it is indicated as "control information (UHR-Signal field)", the "UHR-Signal field" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In other words, the "control information" in this specification is not limited to the "UHR-Signal field", and the "UHR-Signal field" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In addition, even when it is indicated as "control information (UHR-Signal field)", the "UHR-Signal field" may be proposed as an example of "control information".

[0034] Additionally, as used herein, "a / an" can mean "at least one" or "one or more." Additionally, terms ending in "(s)" can mean "at least one" or "one or more."

[0035] Additionally, the expressions "based on" or "on the basis of" or "according to" used herein mean "based at least in part on" and not "based solely on".

[0036] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0037] The following examples of this specification can be applied to various wireless communication systems. For example, the following examples of this specification can be applied to wireless local area network (WLAN) systems. For example, the present specification can be applied to the IEEE 802.11a / g / n / ac / ax / be / bn standards. In addition, the examples of this specification can be applied to the Ultra High Reliability (UHR) standard or the next-generation wireless LAN standard that enhances IEEE 802.11bn. In addition, the examples of this specification can be applied to mobile communication systems. For example, the examples of this specification can be applied to mobile communication systems based on Long Term Evolution (LTE) and its evolution based on the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard.

[0038] In order to explain the technical features of this specification, the technical features to which this specification can be applied are described below.

[0039] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a transmitting device and / or a receiving device of the present specification.

[0040] An example of FIG. 1 can perform various technical features described below. FIG. 1 relates to at least one STA (station). For example, the STA (110, 120) of the present specification may also be referred to by various names such as a mobile terminal, a wireless device, a Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU), a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Station (MS), a Mobile Subscriber Unit, or simply a user. The STA (110, 120) of the present specification may also be referred to by various names such as a network, a base station, a Node-B, an access point (AP), a repeater, a router, a relay, etc. The STA (110, 120) of the present specification may also be referred to by various names such as a receiving apparatus, a transmitting apparatus, a receiving STA, a transmitting STA, a receiving device, a transmitting device, etc.

[0041] For example, STA (110, 120) may perform the role of an AP (access point) or a non-AP role. That is, STA (110, 120) of the present specification may perform the functions of an AP and / or a non-AP. In the present specification, AP may also be indicated as an AP STA.

[0042] The STA (110, 120) of this specification can support various communication standards other than the IEEE 802.11 standard. For example, it can support communication standards according to the 3GPP standard (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR standard). In addition, the STA of this specification can be implemented in various devices such as mobile phones, vehicles, and personal computers. In addition, the STA of this specification can support communication for various communication services such as voice calls, video calls, data communications, and autonomous driving (Self-Driving, Autonomous-Driving).

[0043] In this specification, STA (110, 120) may include a medium access control (MAC) and a physical layer interface for a wireless medium that follow the provisions of the IEEE 802.11 standard.

[0044] Based on the sub-drawing (a) of Fig. 1, STA (110, 120) is described as follows.

[0045] The first STA (110) may include a processor (111), a memory (112), and a transceiver (113). The illustrated processor, memory, and transceiver may each be implemented as separate chips, or at least two blocks / functions may be implemented through a single chip.

[0046] The transceiver (113) of the first STA performs signal transmission and reception operations. Specifically, it can transmit and receive IEEE 802.11 packets (e.g., IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be, etc.).

[0047] For example, the first STA (110) can perform the intended operation of the AP. For example, the processor (111) of the AP can receive a signal through the transceiver (113), process the received signal, generate a transmission signal, and perform control for signal transmission. The memory (112) of the AP can store a signal received through the transceiver (113) (i.e., a reception signal) and store a signal to be transmitted through the transceiver (i.e., a transmission signal).

[0048] For example, the second STA (120) can perform the intended operation of a non-AP STA. For example, the transceiver (123) of the non-AP performs signal transmission and reception operations. Specifically, it can transmit and receive IEEE 802.11 packets (e.g., IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be, etc.).

[0049] For example, the processor (121) of the Non-AP STA can receive a signal through the transceiver (123), process the received signal, generate a transmission signal, and perform control for signal transmission. The memory (122) of the Non-AP STA can store a signal received through the transceiver (123) (i.e., a reception signal) and store a signal to be transmitted through the transceiver (i.e., a transmission signal).

[0050] For example, in the specification below, the operation of a device indicated as AP may be performed in the first STA (110) or the second STA (120). For example, if the first STA (110) is an AP, the operation of the device indicated as AP may be controlled by the processor (111) of the first STA (110), and a related signal may be transmitted or received through a transceiver (113) controlled by the processor (111) of the first STA (110). In addition, control information related to the operation of the AP or a transmission / reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory (112) of the first STA (110). In addition, when the second STA (110) is an AP, the operation of the device indicated as an AP is controlled by the processor (121) of the second STA (120), and a related signal can be transmitted or received through a transceiver (123) controlled by the processor (121) of the second STA (120). In addition, control information related to the operation of the AP or the transmission / reception signal of the AP can be stored in the memory (122) of the second STA (110).

[0051] For example, in the specification below, the operation of a device indicated as a non-AP (or User-STA) may be performed in the STA (110) or the second STA (120). For example, if the second STA (120) is a non-AP, the operation of the device indicated as a non-AP may be controlled by the processor (121) of the second STA (120), and a related signal may be transmitted or received through a transceiver (123) controlled by the processor (121) of the second STA (120). In addition, control information related to the operation of the non-AP or the transmission / reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory (122) of the second STA (120). For example, if the first STA (110) is a non-AP, the operation of a device indicated as a non-AP is controlled by the processor (111) of the first STA (110), and a related signal may be transmitted or received through a transceiver (113) controlled by the processor (111) of the first STA (120). In addition, control information related to the operation of the non-AP or the transmission / reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory (112) of the first STA (110).

[0052] In the following specification, devices called (transmitting / receiving) STA, first STA, second STA, STA1, STA2, AP, first AP, second AP, AP1, AP2, (transmitting / receiving) Terminal, (transmitting / receiving) device, (transmitting / receiving) apparatus, network, etc. may refer to the STA (110, 120) of FIG. 1. For example, devices indicated as (transmitting / receiving) STA, first STA, second STA, STA1, STA2, AP, first AP, second AP, AP1, AP2, (transmitting / receiving) Terminal, (transmitting / receiving) device, (transmitting / receiving) apparatus, network, etc. without specific drawing symbols may also refer to the STA (110, 120) of FIG. 1. For example, in the example below, the operation of various STAs transmitting and receiving signals (e.g., PPPDU) may be performed by the transceiver (113, 123) of FIG. 1. In addition, in the example below, the operation of various STAs generating transmission and reception signals or performing data processing or calculations in advance for transmission and reception signals may be performed by the processor (111, 121) of FIG. 1.For example, an example of an operation for generating a transmission / reception signal or performing data processing or operation in advance for a transmission / reception signal may include 1) an operation for determining / obtaining / configuring / computing / decoding / encoding bit information of a subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in a PPDU, 2) an operation for determining / configuring / obtaining time resources or frequency resources (e.g., subcarrier resources) used for a subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in a PPDU, 3) an operation for determining / configuring / obtaining a specific sequence (e.g., a pilot sequence, an STF / LTF sequence, an extra sequence applied to SIG) used for a subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in a PPDU, 4) a power control operation and / or a power saving operation applied to an STA, 5) an operation related to determining / obtaining / configuring / computing / decoding / encoding an ACK signal, etc. Additionally, in the examples below, various information (e.g., information related to fields / subfields / control fields / parameters / power, etc.) used by various STAs for determining / acquiring / configuring / computing / decoding / encoding transmission / reception signals can be stored in the memory (112, 122) of FIG. 1.

[0053] The device / STA of the sub-drawing (a) of the above-described FIG. 1 can be modified as in the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1. Hereinafter, the STA (110, 120) of the present specification will be described based on the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1.

[0054] For example, the transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 may perform the same function as the transceiver illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 described above. For example, the processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 may include a processor (111, 121) and a memory (112, 122). The processor (111, 121) and the memory (112, 122) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 may perform the same function as the processor (111, 121) and the memory (112, 122) illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 described above.

[0055] The mobile terminal, wireless device, Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU), User Equipment (UE), Mobile Station (MS), Mobile Subscriber Unit, user, user STA, network, Base Station, Node-B, Access Point (AP), repeater, router, relay, receiving device, transmitting device, receiving STA, transmitting STA, receiving Device, transmitting Device, receiving Apparatus, and / or transmitting Apparatus described below may refer to the STA (110, 120) illustrated in the sub-drawings (a) / (b) of FIG. 1, or may refer to the processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1. That is, the technical feature of the present specification may be performed in the STA (110, 120) illustrated in the sub-drawings (a) / (b) of FIG. 1, or may be performed only in the processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in the sub-drawings (b) of FIG. 1. For example, the technical feature that the transmitting STA transmits a control signal may be understood as a technical feature that the control signal generated in the processor (111, 121) illustrated in the sub-drawings (a) / (b) of FIG. 1 is transmitted through the transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in the sub-drawings (a) / (b) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the technical feature that the transmitting STA transmits a control signal may be understood as a technical feature that the control signal to be transmitted to the transceiver (113, 123) is generated in the processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in the sub-drawings (b) of FIG. 1.

[0056] For example, the technical feature of a receiving STA receiving a control signal can be understood as a technical feature of a control signal being received by a transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the technical feature of a receiving STA receiving a control signal can be understood as a technical feature of a control signal received by a transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 being acquired by a processor (111, 121) illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the technical feature of a receiving STA receiving a control signal can be understood as a technical feature of a control signal received by a transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 being acquired by a processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG.

[0057] Referring to the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1, software code (115, 125) may be included in the memory (112, 122). The software code (115, 125) may include instructions that control the operation of the processor (111, 121). The software code (115, 125) may be included in various programming languages.

[0058] The processor (111, 121) or processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in FIG. 1 may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, a logic circuit, and / or a data processing device. The processor may be an application processor (AP). For example, the processor (111, 121) or processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in FIG. 1 may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a modem (modulator and demodulator). For example, the processor (111, 121) or processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in FIG. 1 may be a SNAPDRAGON® series processor manufactured by Qualcomm®, an EXYNOS® series processor manufactured by Samsung®, an A series processor manufactured by Apple®, a HELIO® series processor manufactured by MediaTek®, an ATOM® series processor manufactured by INTEL®, or an enhanced processor thereof.

[0059] In this specification, uplink may mean a link for communication from a non-AP STA to an AP STA, and uplink PPDU / packet / signal, etc. may be transmitted through the uplink. In addition, in this specification, downlink may mean a link for communication from an AP STA to a non-AP STA, and downlink PPDU / packet / signal, etc. may be transmitted through the downlink.

[0060] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the structure of a wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0061] The upper part of Figure 2 shows the structure of the infrastructure BSS (basic service set) of IEEE (institute of electrical and electronic engineers) 802.11.

[0062] Referring to the top of FIG. 2, the wireless LAN system may include one or more infrastructure BSSs (200, 205) (hereinafter, BSS). The BSSs (200, 205) are a collection of APs and STAs, such as an access point (AP) 225 and a station (STA1, 200-1), that have successfully synchronized and can communicate with each other, and are not a concept that designates a specific area. The BSS (205) may also include one or more STAs (205-1, 205-2) that can be associated with one AP (230).

[0063] A BSS may include at least one STA, an AP (225, 230) providing a distribution service, and a distribution system (DS, 210) connecting multiple APs.

[0064] A distributed system (210) can connect multiple BSSs (200, 205) to implement an extended service set (ESS) 240. An ESS (240) can be used as a term to indicate a network formed by connecting one or more APs through the distributed system (210). APs included in a single ESS (240) can have the same SSID (service set identification).

[0065] The portal (portal, 220) can act as a bridge to connect a wireless LAN network (IEEE 802.11) to another network (e.g., 802.X).

[0066] In a BSS such as the upper part of Fig. 2, a network between APs (225, 230) and a network between APs (225, 230) and STAs (200-1, 205-1, 205-2) can be implemented. However, it may also be possible to establish a network and perform communication between STAs without an AP (225, 230). A network that establishes a network and performs communication between STAs without an AP (225, 230) is defined as an ad-hoc network or an independent basic service set (IBSS).

[0067] The bottom of Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing IBSS.

[0068] Referring to the bottom of Fig. 2, the IBSS is a BSS that operates in ad-hoc mode. Since the IBSS does not include an AP, there is no centralized management entity. That is, in the IBSS, the STAs (250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, 255-5) are managed in a distributed manner. In the IBSS, all STAs (250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, 255-5) can be mobile STAs, and access to the distributed system is not permitted, forming a self-contained network.

[0069] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a general link setup process.

[0070] In step S310, the STA may perform a network discovery operation. This network discovery operation may include scanning by the STA. That is, for the STA to access the network, it must find a network it can join. Before joining a wireless network, the STA must identify compatible networks. The process of identifying networks in a specific area is called scanning. Scanning methods include active scanning and passive scanning.

[0071] Figure 3 illustrates a network discovery operation that includes an active scanning process as an example. In active scanning, an STA performing scanning transmits a probe request frame to discover which APs exist in the vicinity while moving between channels and waits for a response. A responder transmits a probe response frame to the STA that transmitted the probe request frame in response to the probe request frame. Here, the responder may be the STA that last transmitted a beacon frame in the BSS of the channel being scanned. In a BSS, the AP transmits the beacon frame, so the AP becomes the responder. In an IBSS, the STAs within the IBSS take turns transmitting beacon frames, so the responder is not constant. For example, an STA that transmits a probe request frame on channel 1 and receives a probe response frame on channel 1 can store BSS-related information included in the received probe response frame and move to the next channel (e.g., channel 2) to perform scanning (i.e., transmitting and receiving probe requests / responses on channel 2) in the same manner.

[0072] Although not shown in the example of FIG. 3, the scanning operation can also be performed in a passive scanning manner. An STA performing scanning based on passive scanning can wait for a beacon frame while moving between channels. A beacon frame is one of the management frames in IEEE 802.11. It announces the presence of a wireless network and is periodically transmitted so that the scanning STA can find the wireless network and participate in the wireless network. In the BSS, the AP periodically transmits the beacon frame, and in the IBSS, the STAs within the IBSS take turns transmitting the beacon frame. When the scanning STA receives a beacon frame, it stores the information about the BSS included in the beacon frame and moves to another channel, recording the beacon frame information on each channel. An STA that receives a beacon frame can store the BSS-related information included in the received beacon frame, move to the next channel, and perform scanning on the next channel in the same manner.

[0073] An STA that discovers a network can perform an authentication process through step S320. This authentication process may be referred to as the first authentication process to clearly distinguish it from the security setup operation of step S340 described below. The authentication process of S320 may include a process in which the STA transmits an authentication request frame to the AP, and the AP responds by transmitting an authentication response frame to the STA. The authentication frame used for the authentication request / response corresponds to a management frame.

[0074] The authentication frame may include information such as an authentication algorithm number, an authentication transaction sequence number, a status code, a challenge text, a Robust Security Network (RSN), and a Finite Cyclic Group.

[0075] An STA can transmit an authentication request frame to an AP. The AP can determine whether to grant authentication to the STA based on the information contained in the received authentication request frame. The AP can provide the result of the authentication process to the STA via an authentication response frame.

[0076] A successfully authenticated STA may perform an association process based on step S330. The association process includes a process in which the STA transmits an association request frame to the AP, and the AP transmits an association response frame to the STA in response. For example, the association request frame may include information related to various capabilities, such as a beacon listen interval, a service set identifier (SSID), supported rates, supported channels, RSN, mobility domain, supported operating classes, a Traffic Indication Map Broadcast request, and interworking service capabilities. For example, the association response frame may contain information related to various capabilities, status codes, Association ID (AID), supported rates, Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) parameter sets, Received Channel Power Indicator (RCPI), Received Signal to Noise Indicator (RSNI), mobility domains, timeout interval (association comeback time), overlapping BSS scan parameters, TIM broadcast response, QoS maps, etc.

[0077] In step S340, the STA may perform a security setup process. The security setup process of step S340 may include, for example, a process of setting up a private key through a four-way handshaking using an Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frame.

[0078] Figure 4 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-link (ML).

[0079] As illustrated in FIG. 4, multiple multi-link devices (MLDs) can communicate over a remote link. The MLDs can be categorized into AP MLDs including multiple AP STAs and non-AP MLDs including multiple non-AP STAs. That is, the AP MLD can include affiliated APs (i.e., AP STAs), and the non-AP MLD can include affiliated STAs (i.e., non-AP STAs, or user-STAs).

[0080] A multilink may include a first link and a second link, and different channels / subchannels / frequency resources may be allocated to the first and second links. The first and second multilinks may be identified through a link ID of 4 bits (or other n bits). The first and second links may be configured in the same 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, or 6 GHz band. Alternatively, the first link and the second link may be configured in different bands.

[0081] The AP MLD of FIG. 4 includes three affiliated APs. In the example of FIG. 4, AP1 may operate in the 2.4 GHz band, AP2 may operate in the 5 GHz band, and AP3 may operate in the 6 GHz band. In the example of FIG. 4, the first link in which AP1 and non-AP1 operate may be defined as a channel / subchannel / frequency resource within the 2.4 GHz band. Furthermore, in the example of FIG. 4, the second link in which AP2 and non-AP2 operate may be defined as a channel / subchannel / frequency resource within the 5 GHz band. Furthermore, in the example of FIG. 4, the third link in which AP3 and non-AP3 operate may be defined as a channel / subchannel / frequency resource within the 6 GHz band.

[0082] In the example of FIG. 4, AP1 may initiate a multi-link setup procedure (ML setup procedure) by transmitting an Association Request frame to non-AP STA1. In the example of FIG. 4, non-AP STA1 may transmit an Association Response frame in response to the Association Request frame. Each AP (e.g., AP1 / 2 / 3) illustrated in FIG. 4 may be identical to the AP illustrated in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 2, and each non-AP (e.g., non-AP1 / 2 / 3) illustrated in FIG. 4 may be identical to the STA (i.e., user-STA or non-AP STA) illustrated in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 2.

[0083] The specific features of this specification are not limited to the specific features of FIG. 4. That is, the number of links can be defined in various ways, and multiple links can be defined in various ways within at least one band.

[0084] FIG. 5 illustrates a PPDU (physical protocol data unit or physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit) transmitted / received by an STA of this specification.

[0085] The STA (e.g., AP STA, non-AP STA, AP MLD, non-AP MLD) of the present specification can transmit and / or receive the PPDU of FIG. 5. The PPDU described in the present specification may have, for example, the structure of FIG. 5. In addition, the PPDU described in the present specification may be called by various names such as a transmission PPDU, a reception PPDU, a first type PPDU, or an Nth type PPDU, etc. The PPDU described in the present specification can be used in a WLAN system defined according to IEEE 802.11bn and / or a next-generation WLAN system that improves IEEE 802.11bn.

[0086] The PPDU of FIG. 5 may be related to various PPDU types used in a UHR system. For example, the example of FIG. 5 may be used for at least one of a single-user (SU) mode / type / transmission, a multi-user (MU) mode / type / transmission, and a null data packet (NDP) mode / type / transmission related to channel sounding. For example, if the example of FIG. 5 is related to NDP, the Data field illustrated may be omitted. If the PPDU of FIG. 5 is used for a trigger-based (TB) mode, the UHR-SIG of FIG. 5 may be omitted. In other words, an STA that has received a trigger frame for UL-MU (Uplink-MU) communication may transmit a PPDU with the UHR-SIG omitted in the example of FIG. 5.

[0087] In FIG. 5, L-STF or UHR-LTF may be called a preamble or physical preamble, and may be generated / transmitted / received / acquired / decoded in the physical layer (included in the transmitting / receiving STA).

[0088] Each block illustrated in Fig. 5 may be called a field / subfield / signal, etc. The names of these fields / subfields / signals may be, as illustrated in Fig. 5, L-STF (legacy short training field), L-LTF (legacy long training field), L-SIG (legacy signal), RL-SIG (repeated L-SIG), U-SIG (Universal Signal), UHR-SIG (UHR-signal), etc.

[0089] The subcarrier spacing of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and UHR-SIG fields in FIG. 5 may be set to 312.5 kHz, and the subcarrier spacing of the UHR-STF, UHR-LTF, and Data fields may be set to 78.125 kHz. That is, the tone index (or subcarrier index) of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and UHR-SIG fields may be expressed in units of 312.5 kHz, and the tone index (or subcarrier index) of the UHR-STF, UHR-LTF, and Data fields may be expressed in units of 78.125 kHz.

[0090] In the PPDU of Fig. 5, L-LTF and L-STF may be identical to conventional fields (e.g., non-HT LTF and non-HT STF defined in conventional WLAN standards).

[0091] The L-SIG field of FIG. 5 may include, for example, 24 bits of bit information. For example, the 24 bits of information may include a 4 bit Rate field, a 1 bit Reserved bit, a 12 bit Length field, a 1 bit Parity bit, and a 6 bit Tail bit. For example, the 12 bit Length field may include information about the length or time duration of the PPDU. For example, the value of the 12 bit Length field may be determined based on the type of the PPDU. For example, if the PPDU is a non-HT (non-High Throughput), HT (High Throughput), VHT (Very High Throughput) PPDU, or an EHT (extremely high throughput) PPDU or UHR PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as a multiple of 3. For example, if the PPDU is a HE PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as "a multiple of 3 + 1" or "a multiple of 3 + 2". In other words, for non-HT, HT, VHT PPDU, EHT PPDU, UHR PPDU, the value of the Length field can be determined as a multiple of 3, and for HE (High Efficiency) PPDU, the value of the Length field can be determined as "a multiple of 3 + 1" or "a multiple of 3 + 2". In other words, the Length field in an UHR PPDU is set to a value satisfying the condition that the remainder is zero when LENGTH is divided by 3.

[0092] For example, (non-AP and AP) STAs can apply BCC encoding based on a code rate of 1 / 2 to the 24 bits of information in the L-SIG field. Then, the transmitting STA can obtain 48 BCC coded bits. BPSK modulation can be applied to the 48 coded bits to generate 48 BPSK symbols. The transmitting STA can map the 48 BPSK symbols to positions excluding the pilot subcarriers {subcarrier index -21, -7, +7, +21} and the DC subcarrier {subcarrier index 0}. As a result, the 48 BPSK symbols can be mapped to subcarrier indices -26 to -22, -20 to -8, -6 to -1, +1 to +6, +8 to +20, and +22 to +26. The transmitting STA can additionally map the signal {-1, -1, -1, 1} to the subcarrier indices {-28, -27, +27, +28}. The above signal can be used for channel estimation for the frequency domain corresponding to {-28, -27, +27, +28}.

[0093] For example, (non-AP and AP) STA can generate RL-SIG, which is generated in the same manner as L-SIG. BPSK modulation can be applied to RL-SIG. Receiving (non-AP and AP) STA can determine whether the received PPDU is a HE PPDU, EHT PPDU, or UHR PPDU based on the presence of RL-SIG. In other words, if RL-SIG is present, receiving (non-AP and AP) STA can determine whether the received PPDU is one of HE PPDU, EHT PPDU, or UHR PPDU. In other words, if RL-SIG is not present, receiving (non-AP and AP) STA can determine whether the received PPDU is one of non-HT PPDU, HT PPDU, or VHT PPDU. In other words, the RL-SIG field is a repeat of the L-SIG field and is used to differentiate an UHR PPDU from a non-HT PPDU, HT PPDU, and VHT PPDU.

[0094] After the RL-SIG in Fig. 5, a U-SIG (Universal SIG) may be inserted. The U-SIG may be called by various names such as the first SIG field, the first SIG, the first type SIG, the control signal, the control signal field, the first (type) control signal, the common control field, and the common control signal.

[0095] A U-SIG can contain N bits of information and can include information for identifying the type of EHT PPDU. For example, a U-SIG can be formed based on two symbols (e.g., two consecutive OFDM symbols). Each symbol (e.g., an OFDM symbol) for a U-SIG can have a duration of 4 microseconds. Each symbol of a U-SIG can be used to transmit 26 bits of information. For example, each symbol of a U-SIG can be transmitted and received based on 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones.

[0096] For example, A bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) can be transmitted through U-SIG, and the first symbol of U-SIG can transmit the first X bits of information (e.g., 26 uncoded bits) out of the total A bit information, and the second symbol of U-SIG can transmit the remaining Y bits of information (e.g., 26 uncoded bits) out of the total A bit information. For example, the transmitting STA can obtain 26 uncoded bits included in each U-SIG symbol. The transmitting STA can perform convolutional encoding (i.e., BCC encoding) based on a rate of R=1 / 2 to generate 52 coded bits, and perform interleaving on the 52 coded bits. The transmitting STA can perform BPSK modulation on the interleaved 52 coded bits to generate 52 BPSK symbols allocated to each U-SIG symbol. A single U-SIG symbol can be transmitted based on 56 tones (subcarriers) from subcarrier index -28 to subcarrier index +28, excluding DC index 0. The 52 BPSK symbols generated by the transmitting STA can be transmitted based on the remaining tones (subcarriers) excluding the pilot tones -21, -7, +7, and +21.

[0097] For example, A bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) transmitted by U-SIG may include a CRC field (e.g., a 4-bit long field) and a tail field (e.g., a 6-bit long field). The CRC field and the tail field may be transmitted through the second symbol of the U-SIG. The CRC field may be generated based on 26 bits allocated to the first symbol of the U-SIG and the remaining 16 bits excluding the CRC / tail field within the second symbol, and may be generated based on a conventional CRC calculation algorithm. In addition, the tail field may be used to terminate the trellis of the convolutional decoder and may be set to, for example, "000000".

[0098] The A bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) transmitted by the U-SIG (or U-SIG field) can be divided into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits. For example, the size of the version-independent bits can be fixed or variable. For example, the version-independent bits can be assigned only to the first symbol of the U-SIG, or the version-independent bits can be assigned to both the first symbol and the second symbol of the U-SIG. For example, the version-independent bits and the version-dependent bits can be called by various names, such as the first control bit and the second control bit.

[0099] For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include a 3-bit PHY version identifier. For example, the 3-bit PHY version identifier may include information related to the PHY version of the transmitted and received PPDU. For example, a first value (e.g., a value of 000) of the 3-bit PHY version identifier may indicate that the transmitted and received PPDU is an EHT PPDU. In addition, a second value (e.g., a value of 001) of the 3-bit PHY version identifier may indicate that the transmitted and received PPDU is an UHR PPDU.

[0100] In other words, when the (AP / non-AP) STA transmits an EHT PPDU, it can set the 3-bit PHY version identifier to the first value. In other words, the receiving (AP / non-AP) STA can determine that the received PPDU is an EHT PPDU based on the PHY version identifier having the first value, and can determine that the received PPDU is an UHR PPDU based on the PHY version identifier having the second value.

[0101] For example, the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include a 1-bit UL / DL flag field. The first value of the 1-bit UL / DL flag field relates to UL communication, and the second value of the UL / DL flag field relates to DL communication.

[0102] For example, the version-independent bits of U-SIG may contain information about the length of the TXOP and information about the BSS color ID.

[0103] For example, if a UHR PPDU is classified into various types (e.g., a type related to SU transmission (performed based on UL or DL), a type related to DL transmission, a type related to NDP transmission, a type related to DL non-MU-MIMO, a type related to DL MU-MIMO, a type related to Multi-AP operation, a type related to CBF (Coordinated beamforming), SR (Spatial Reuse), a type related to C-OFDMA (Coordinated OFDMA), a type related to C-TDMA (Coordinated TDMA)), information about the type of the EHT PPDU (e.g., 2-bit or 3-bit information) can be included in the version-dependent bits of the U-SIG.

[0104] For example, U-SIG may include 1) a bandwidth field including information about bandwidth, 2) a field including information about a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) technique applied to UHR-SIG, 3) an indication field including information about whether a dual subcarrier modulation (DCM) technique is applied to UHR-SIG, 4) a field including information about the number of symbols used for UHR-SIG, 5) a field including information about whether UHR-SIG is generated over the entire band, 6) a field including information about the type of UHR-LTF / STF, and 7) a field indicating the length of UHR-LTF and the CP length.

[0105] Preamble puncturing may be applied to the PPDU of FIG. 5. Preamble puncturing refers to applying puncturing to a portion of the entire bandwidth of the PPDU (e.g., the secondary 20 MHz band). For example, when an 80 MHz PPDU is transmitted, the STA applies puncturing to the secondary 20 MHz band within the 80 MHz band, and can transmit the PPDU only through the primary 20 MHz band and the secondary 40 MHz band.

[0106] For example, the pattern of preamble puncturing can be preset. For example, when the first puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing can be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when the second puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing can be applied only to one of the two secondary 20 MHz bands included in the secondary 40 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when the third puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing can be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band). For example, when the fourth puncturing pattern is applied, a primary 40 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band) may be present, and puncturing may be applied to at least one 20 MHz channel that does not belong to the primary 40 MHz band.

[0107] Information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU may be included in the U-SIG and / or UHR-SIG. For example, the first field of the U-SIG may include information regarding the contiguous bandwidth of the PPDU, and the second field of the U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU.

[0108] For example, U-SIG and UHR-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing based on the following method. If the bandwidth of the PPDU exceeds 80 MHz, the U-SIG may be individually configured in units of 80 MHz. For example, if the bandwidth of the PPDU is 160 MHz, the PPDU may include a first U-SIG for the first 80 MHz band and a second U-SIG for the second 80 MHz band. In this case, the first field of the first U-SIG may include information regarding the 160 MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the first U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (i.e., information regarding the preamble puncturing pattern). Additionally, the first field of the second U-SIG may include information about a 160 MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the second U-SIG may include information about preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (i.e., information about a preamble puncturing pattern). Meanwhile, the UHR-SIG consecutive to the first U-SIG may include information about preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (i.e., information about a preamble puncturing pattern), and the UHR-SIG consecutive to the second U-SIG may include information about preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (i.e., information about a preamble puncturing pattern).

[0109] Additionally or alternatively, U-SIG and UHR-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing based on the following methods. U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing for all bands (i.e., information regarding preamble puncturing patterns). That is, UHR-SIG may not include information regarding preamble puncturing, and only U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing (i.e., information regarding preamble puncturing patterns).

[0110] U-SIGs can be configured in 20 MHz units. For example, if an 80 MHz PPDU is configured, U-SIGs can be duplicated. That is, four identical U-SIGs can be included within an 80 MHz PPDU. PPDUs exceeding the 80 MHz bandwidth can contain different U-SIGs.

[0111] The UHR-SIG of FIG. 5 may include control information for a receiving STA. The UHR-SIG may be transmitted via at least one symbol, and each symbol may have a length of 4 us. Information regarding the number of symbols used for the UHR-SIG may be included in the U-SIG.

[0112] UHR-SIG provides additional signals to the U-SIG field to enable STAs to interpret / decode UHR PPDUs. The UHR-SIG field may contain U-SIG overflow bits that are common to all users. The UHR-SIG field also contains resource allocation information, allowing STAs to look up resources used in fields containing data fields / UHR-STF / UHR-LTF (i.e., UHR modulated fields of an UHR PPDU).

[0113] The frequency resources of the UHR-LTF, UHR-STF, and data fields illustrated in FIG. 5 can be determined based on RUs (resource units) defined by multiple subcarriers / tones. That is, the UHR-LTF, UHR-STF, and data fields of this specification can be transmitted / received through RUs (resource units) defined by multiple subcarriers / tones.

[0114] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the layout of resource units (RUs) used for a 20 MHz PPDU. That is, the UHR-LTF, UHR-STF, and / or data fields included in the 20 MHz PPDU can be transmitted / received through at least one of the various RUs defined in FIG. 6.

[0115] As shown at the top of Fig. 6, 26 units (i.e., units corresponding to 26 tones) can be arranged. Six tones can be used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 20 MHz band, and five tones can be used as a guard band in the rightmost band of the 20 MHz band. In addition, seven DC tones can be inserted in the center band, i.e., the DC band, and 26 units corresponding to 13 tones can exist on each side of the DC band. In addition, 26 units, 52 units, and 106 units can be allocated to other bands. Each unit can be allocated for a receiving station, i.e., a user.

[0116] Meanwhile, the RU arrangement of FIG. 6 is utilized not only in a situation for multiple users (MUs) but also in a situation for a single user (SU), in which case it is possible to use one 242-unit as shown at the bottom of FIG. 4, in which case three DC tones can be inserted.

[0117] In the example of Fig. 6, RUs of various sizes, such as 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, and 242-RU, are proposed. Since the specific sizes of these RUs can be expanded or increased, the present embodiment is not limited to the specific size of each RU (i.e., the number of corresponding tones). In this specification, N-RU may be represented as N-tone RU, etc. For example, 26-RU may be represented as 26-tone RU.

[0118] Figure 7 is a diagram showing the layout of resource units (RUs) used for 40MHz PPDU.

[0119] As in the example of Fig. 6 where RUs of various sizes were used, the example of Fig. 7 can also use 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, etc. In addition, 5 DC tones can be inserted at the center frequency, 12 tones can be used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 40 MHz band, and 11 tones can be used as a guard band in the rightmost band of the 40 MHz band.

[0120] Additionally, as illustrated, 484 RUs may be used when used for a single user. Meanwhile, the specific number of RUs may be changed, as in the example of FIG. 6.

[0121] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating the layout of resource units (RUs) used for an 80MHz PPDU. The layout of resource units (RUs) used in this specification may vary. For example, the layout of resource units (RUs) used in the 80MHz band may vary.

[0122] Figure 9 illustrates an operation according to UL-MU. As illustrated, a transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can acquire a TXOP (925) by performing channel access through contending (i.e., backoff operation) and transmit a trigger frame (930). That is, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can transmit a PPDU including a trigger frame (930). When a PPDU including a trigger frame is received, a TB (trigger-based) PPDU is transmitted after a delay of SIFS.

[0123] TB PPDUs (941, 942) are transmitted at the same time and can be transmitted from multiple STAs (e.g., User STAs) whose AIDs are indicated in the Trigger frame (930). The ACK frame (950) for the TB PPDU can be implemented in various forms. For example, the ACK frame (950) for the TB PPDU can be implemented in the form of a BA (block ACK).

[0124] In FIG. 9, transmission(s) of a Trigger Frame (930), TB PPDU (941, 942) and / or ACK frame (950) can be performed within a TXOP (925).

[0125] Figure 10 shows an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 2.4 GHz band.

[0126] The 2.4 GHz band may be referred to by other names, such as the first band (band). Furthermore, the 2.4 GHz band may refer to a frequency range in which channels with a center frequency adjacent to 2.4 GHz (e.g., channels with a center frequency between 2.4 and 2.5 GHz) are used / supported / defined.

[0127] The 2.4 GHz band may include multiple 20 MHz channels. The 20 MHz within the 2.4 GHz band may have multiple channel indices (e.g., indices 1 through 14). For example, the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel assigned channel index 1 may be 2.412 GHz, the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel assigned channel index 2 may be 2.417 GHz, and the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel assigned channel index N may be (2.407 + 0.005*N) GHz. The channel indices may be referred to by various names, such as channel numbers. The specific numerical values ​​of the channel indices and center frequencies may change.

[0128] Figure 10 exemplarily illustrates four channels within the 2.4 GHz band. The illustrated first frequency region (1010) to fourth frequency region (1040) may each include one channel. For example, the first frequency region (1010) may include channel 1 (a 20 MHz channel having an index of 1). In this case, the center frequency of channel 1 may be set to 2412 MHz. The second frequency region (1020) may include channel 6. In this case, the center frequency of channel 6 may be set to 2437 MHz. The third frequency region (1030) may include channel 11. In this case, the center frequency of channel 11 may be set to 2462 MHz. The fourth frequency region (1040) may include channel 14. In this case, the center frequency of channel 14 may be set to 2484 MHz.

[0129] Figure 11 illustrates an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 5 GHz band.

[0130] The 5 GHz band may be referred to by other names, such as a second band / band, etc. The 5 GHz band may refer to a frequency range in which channels with center frequencies greater than or equal to 5 GHz and less than 6 GHz (or less than 5.9 GHz) are used / supported / defined. Alternatively, the 5 GHz band may include multiple channels between 4.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz. The specific figures shown in FIG. 11 are subject to change.

[0131] Multiple channels within the 5 GHz band include Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII)-1, UNII-2, UNII-3, and ISM. UNII-1 may be referred to as UNII Low. UNII-2 may include frequency ranges called UNII Mid and UNII-2Extended. UNII-3 may be referred to as UNII-Upper.

[0132] Within the 5 GHz band, multiple channels can be configured, and the bandwidth of each channel can be variously configured, such as 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz. For example, the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range within UNII-1 and UNII-2 can be divided into eight 20 MHz channels. The 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into four channels through a 40 MHz frequency domain. The 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into two channels through an 80 MHz frequency domain. Alternatively, the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into one channel through a 160 MHz frequency domain.

[0133] Figure 12 illustrates an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 6 GHz band.

[0134] The 6 GHz band may also be referred to by other names, such as the third band / band. The 6 GHz band may refer to the frequency range in which channels with center frequencies above 5.9 GHz are used, supported, or defined. The specific figures shown in Figure 12 are subject to change.

[0135] For example, the 20 MHz channel of FIG. 12 can be defined from 5.940 GHz. Specifically, the leftmost channel among the 20 MHz channels of FIG. 12 can have an index of 1 (or channel index, channel number, etc.), and a center frequency of 5.945 GHz can be assigned. That is, the center frequency of the indexed channel N can be determined as (5.940 + 0.005*N) GHz.

[0136] Accordingly, the indexes (or channel numbers) of the 20 MHz channels of FIG. 12 are 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69, 73, 77, 81, 85, 89, 93, 97, 101, 105, 109, 113, 117, 121, 125, 129, 133, 137, 141, 145, 149, 153, 157, 161, 165, 169, 173, 177, 181, 185, 189, 193, It can be 197, 201, 205, 209, 213, 217, 221, 225, 229, 233. Also, according to the (5.940 + 0.005*N) GHz rule mentioned above, the indices of the 40 MHz channels in Fig. 12 can be 3, 11, 19, 27, 35, 43, 51, 59, 67, 75, 83, 91, 99, 107, 115, 123, 131, 139, 147, 155, 163, 171, 179, 187, 195, 203, 211, 219, 227.

[0137] Below, the structure and types / subtypes of MAC frames are described.

[0138] Fig. 13 illustrates an example of a header of a MAC frame. As illustrated, the MAC frame may include a frame control field / information of 2 octets in length, a duration field / information of 2 octets in length, a RA (Receiver Address) field / information of 6 octets in length, and a TA (Transmitter Address) field / information of 6 octets in length. As illustrated in Fig. 13, the four fields may be consecutive to each other. The MAC header of Fig. 13 may be modified in various ways, and a new field may be inserted between the four illustrated fields, or at least one of the illustrated fields may be omitted.

[0139] The MAC header illustrated in Fig. 13 may be positioned at the very front of a MAC frame. That is, the MAC frame may include a MAC header as illustrated in Fig. 13 and MAC body fields / information subsequent to the MAC header. The MAC frame including the MAC header of Fig. 13 is inserted / included in the data field of the PPDU (e.g., UHR PPDU) illustrated in Fig. 5.

[0140] The MAC frames included in the data field of the PPDU of this specification can be classified into various types. For example, the MAC frames of this specification can be classified into control frames, management frames, and data frames.

[0141] For example, the management frame includes Association Request, Association Response, Reassociation Request, Reassociation Response, Probe Request, Probe Response, Beacon, Disassociation, Authentication, and Deauthentication frames / signals defined in conventional WLAN. For the management frame, the values ​​of the type fields (B3 and B2) in FIG. 13 are set to 00. In addition, the values ​​of the subtype fields (B7, B6, B5, B4) in FIG. 13 are as follows: Association Request (0000), Association Response (0001), Reassociation Request (0010), Reassociation Response (0011), Probe Request (0100), Probe Response (0101), Beacon (1000), Disassociation (1010), Authentication (1011), Deauthentication (1100).

[0142] For example, the control frame includes Trigger Beamforming Report Poll, NDP Announcement (NDPA), Control Frame Extension, Control Wrapper, Block Ack Request (BlockAckReq), Block Ack (BlockAck), PS-Poll, RTS, CTS, Ack, and CF-End frames / signals defined in conventional WLAN. For the control frame, the value of the type field (B3 and B2) in FIG. 13 is set to 01. Also, the values ​​of the subtype fields (B7, B6, B5, B4) of FIG. 13 are as follows: Trigger (0010), Beamforming Report Poll (0100), NDP Announcement (0101), Control Frame Extension (0110), Control Wrapper (0111), BlockAckReq (1000), BlockAck (1001), PS-Poll (1010), RTS (1011), CTS (1100), Ack (1101), CF-End (1110).

[0143] For example, the data frame includes (QoS) Data, (QoS) Null, etc. defined in conventional WLAN. For the management frame, the value of the type field (B3 and B2) of Fig. 13 is set to 10.

[0144] The MAC frame / signal used in this specification can be identified through the type field / information and subtype field / information described above. For example, the "trigger frame" in this specification can mean a MAC frame in which the type bits B3 and B2 bits in the frame control field of the MAC header are set to 01, and the subtype bits B7, B6, B5, B4 bits in the frame control field are also set to 0010. Various MAC frames described in this specification are inserted / included in the data fields of various PPDUs (e.g., HE / VHT / HE / EHT / UHR PPDUs).

[0145] FIG. 14 illustrates a modified example of a transmitting device and / or a receiving device of the present specification.

[0146] The devices (e.g., AP STA, non-AP STA) illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4 may be modified as illustrated in FIG. 14. The transceiver (630) of FIG. 14 may be identical to the transceivers (113, 123) of FIG. 1. The transceiver (630) of FIG. 14 may include a receiver and a transmitter.

[0147] The processor (610) of FIG. 14 may be identical to the processor (111, 121) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the processor (610) of FIG. 14 may be identical to the processing chip (114, 124) of FIG. 1.

[0148] The memory (150) of FIG. 14 may be the same as the memory (112, 122) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the memory (150) of FIG. 14 may be a separate external memory different from the memory (112, 122) of FIG. 1.

[0149] Referring to FIG. 14, a power management module (611) manages power to a processor (610) and / or a transceiver (630). A battery (612) supplies power to the power management module (611). A display (613) outputs results processed by the processor (610). A keypad (614) receives input to be used by the processor (610). The keypad (614) may be displayed on the display (613). A SIM card (615) may be an integrated circuit used to securely store an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) and an associated key used to identify and authenticate a subscriber in a mobile phone device, such as a mobile phone or computer.

[0150] Referring to FIG. 14, the speaker (640) can output sound-related results processed by the processor (610). The microphone (641) can receive sound-related input to be used by the processor (610).

[0151] Next Wi-Fi (beyond 11be) aims to support ultra-high reliability (UHR) when transmitting signals to STAs. To support this UHR, various technologies are being considered, including high throughput, low latency, and extended range. To achieve this, additional MCS may be considered to improve throughput by increasing spectral efficiency during signal transmission and reception. Additionally or alternatively, unequal modulation (UEQM) technology may be considered. UEQM technology is a technology that considers SNR imbalance across two or more spatial streams (SSs) during MIMO / beamforming transmission. For example, UEQM technology can refer to a technique that utilizes different modulations (e.g., different constellation mappings) for each SS.

[0152] For example, this specification may propose various technical features related to UEQM technology. Such UEQM technology may be used together with an enhanced / improved MCS set proposed in this specification. Additionally or alternatively, the MCS set proposed in this specification may be used independently of the UEQM technology. That is, the technical operations related to the MCS set of this specification may operate independently of the UEQM technology, and the operations related to the UEQM technology of this specification may operate independently of the MCS set proposed in this specification.

[0153] Below, UEQM technology is described.

[0154] For example, in MIMO / Beamforming transmission, since a signal is transmitted using a beamforming matrix formed based on singular value decomposition (SVD), when transmitting a signal using multiple spatial streams (SS), the MIMO gain or SNR may be concentrated on a limited number of SSs, including the first SS (e.g., the 1st SS). In other words, an imbalance may occur in which the MIMO gain or SNR is concentrated only on at least one SS (or some SSs) including the first SS.

[0155] Below, we explain the imbalance that occurs for a specific SS (e.g., some SS including the first SS) based on channel information formed based on SVD.

[0156]

[0157] The singular values ​​(e.g., singular values) of the diagonal matrix of Equation 1 are arranged in descending order of non-zero values. Therefore, when using multiple spatial streams (SS) in this way, a difference in SNR occurs between the SS (spatial streams).

[0158] Figures 15 and 16 are diagrams illustrating an imbalance occurring for at least one SS. An example of Figures 15 and 16 is that when two SSs or four SSs are used at 80 MHz, the first SS (1 st It is related to the SNR difference between the first SS and the remaining SS (e.g., 2nd / 3rd / 4th SS).

[0159] For example, as illustrated in Fig. 15, when Nss (i.e., Number of SS) is 2, the range of the SNR gap between the first SS and the second SS is 7 to 15 dB, and the median value is approximately 10 dB. For example, as illustrated in Fig. 16, when Nss is 4, it can be seen that the second SS has a difference of approximately 5 dB, the third SS has a difference of 11 dB, and the fourth SS has a difference of 18 dB based on the median value.

[0160] As described above, when MIMO / beamforming transmission is performed based on multiple SSs, it can be confirmed that an SNR gap occurs between SSs (spatial streams). Since each SS has a different SNR, when transmitting a signal by applying the same MCS during MIMO / beamforming transmission, the signal transmission efficiency may decrease due to the SNR gap. Therefore, it is technically advantageous to consider the SNR gap for each SS during MIMO or beamforming transmission and apply different modulations suitable for the SNR of each SS. In other words, by applying UEQM, it is possible to apply modulations suitable for the individual SNRs of SSs (spatial streams), and based on this, signal transmission efficiency and throughput can be improved.

[0161] For example, UEQM in this specification means applying a first MCS technique to a first SS and applying a second MCS technique to a second SS. For example, the first MCS technique may be the same as or different from the second MCS technique. In other words, MCS techniques applied to different SSs can be individually set. For example, a plurality of MCS techniques related to UEQM (e.g., the first MCS technique and the second MCS technique) can be configured / set based on the same code rate. For example, a plurality of MCS techniques related to UEQM (e.g., the first MCS technique and the second MCS technique) can be based on a constellation mapping technique / technology that is based on the same code rate, but is individually set.

[0162] In other words, when applying different modulations to different SSs (e.g., applying the first MCS technique to the first SS and the second MCS technique to the second SS), the code rate can be fixed to the same value as described above to reduce implementation complexity without requiring an additional encoder. Accordingly, multiple MCS techniques (e.g., the first MCS technique and the second MCS technique) can be based on the same code rate, but can apply modulations (i.e., constellation mapping techniques / techniques) that are individually set.

[0163] For example, the UEQM described below can be used for SU / MU transmission (or reception), SU-MIMO / MU-MIMO / non-MU-MIMO transmission (or reception), and OFDMA / non-OFDMA transmission (or reception). Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM described below can be applied to RUs of various sizes (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242 / 484 / 996 / n*996-tone RUs). For example, the UEQM described below can be applied to RRUs (regular RUs), DRUs (distributed RUs), and / or MRUs (e.g., small / large size MRUs).

[0164] For example, a new set of MCS parameters (or indices / levels) can be defined with respect to the UEQM of this specification (or independently of the UEQM). For example, a new combination of code rate and modulation (i.e., constellation mapping) that was not previously applied can be defined, as follows.

[0165] For example, with respect to the UEQM of this specification, the MCS parameter set based on code rate 1 / 2 may be at least one of the following MCS parameters.

[0166] 1A parameter: 1 / 2 + 64 QAM

[0167] 2A parameter: 1 / 2 + 256 QAM

[0168] 3A parameter: 1 / 2 + 1024 QAM

[0169] 4A parameter: 1 / 2 + 4096 QAM

[0170] For example, with respect to the UEQM of this specification, a set of MCS parameters based on code rate 2 / 3 may be at least one of the following MCS parameters.

[0171] 1B parameter: 2 / 3 + QPSK

[0172] 2B parameter: 2 / 3 + 16 QAM

[0173] 3B parameter: 2 / 3 + 256 QAM

[0174] 4B parameter: 2 / 3 + 1024 QAM

[0175] Parameter 5B: 2 / 3 + 4096 QAM

[0176] For example, with respect to the UEQM of this specification, the MCS parameter set based on code rate 5 / 6 may be at least one of the following MCS parameters.

[0177] 1C parameter: 5 / 6 + 16 QAM

[0178] The various parameters described above can be used for UEQM. Additionally or alternatively, the various parameters described above can be used independently of UEQM. For example, at least one of the various MCS parameters described above can be allocated / used for a single SS (spatial stream) in relation to SU / OFDMA transmission / reception.

[0179] Among the various MCS parameters described above, it is also possible to utilize only some of the MCS parameters considering throughput gain and spectral efficiency. For example, the following four MCS parameters can be additionally used in the IEEE 802.11bn system (or UHR system). Additionally or alternatively, the following four MCS parameters can also be additionally used in the next-generation WLAN / WIFI system that further improves the IEEE 802.11bn system. The following four MCS parameters can be called by various names such as extended / enhanced / improved / UHR-MCS parameter / index, etc. The number of extended MCS parameters can be four or more.

[0180] Additionally or alternatively, examples of Extended MCS parameters proposed in the present specification may be QPSK-2 / 3, 16QAM-2 / 3, 16QAM-5 / 6, 256QAM-2 / 3. In addition to the 16 MCS parameters (MCS0 to MCS15 in Table 1 below) proposed in conventional wireless LAN standards, four Extended MCS parameters of the present specification are represented in a table as follows. Additionally or alternatively, Modulation related to MCS parameters / indexes / levels in Table 1 below and the present specification may mean constellation mapping, and may mean, for example, BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM, 1024QAM, and / or 4096QAM. Additionally or alternatively, in Table 1 below and in the present specification, code rate represents the ratio of the actual information bit length k to the encoded codeword length n, and may be expressed as, for example, k / n, and may mean, for example, 1 / 2, 3 / 4, 2 / 3, and / or 5 / 6.

[0181] MCS indexModulationCode rateMCS0BPSK1 / 2MCS1QPSK1 / 2MCS2QPSK3 / 4MCS316QAM1 / 2MCS416QAM3 / 4MCS564QAM2 / 3MCS664QAM3 / 4MCS764QAM5 / 6MCS8256QAM3 / 4MCS9256QAM5 / 6MCS101024QAM 3 / 4MCS111024QAM5 / 6MCS124096QAM3 / 4MCS134096QAM5 / 6MCS14BPSK-DCM+DUP1 / 2MCS15BPSK-DCM1 / 2MCS16QPSK2 / 3MCS1716QAM2 / 3MCS1816QAM5 / 6MCS19256QAM2 / 3

[0182] The four newly proposed MCS parameters compared to the conventional ones are expressed as MCS16 to MCS19 in Table 1. The order of the various MCS parameters expressed in Table 1 may be changed in consideration of various factors such as data rate and / or throughput.

[0183] For example, various MCS parameters of this specification can be expressed as 5-bit bits. The 5-bit bits can be included in various fields, such as a user field included in a user specific field or a user information info field within a trigger frame. For example, a plurality of parameters / indices, including the parameters / indices of MCS0 to MCS19 described above, can be indicated by the following 5-bit values. The following 5 bits can be included in various locations.

[0184] 5-bit valueMCS index00000MCS000001MCS100010MCS200011MCS300100MCS400101MCS500110MCS600111MCS701000MCS801001MCS901010 MCS1001011MCS1101100MCS1201101MCS1301110MCS1401111MCS1510000MCS1610001MCS1710010MCS1810011MCS1910100 ~11111Reserved

[0185] The contents of Table 2 above can be varied in various ways. For convenience of explanation, the 5-bit value of Table 2 can be expressed as being located from the Nth bit to the N+4th bit. For example, there may be no change in the 5-bit configuration related to MCS0 to MCS15 in Table 2. However, for MCS16 (QPSK-2 / 3) in Table 2, the MSB of the 5 bits (e.g., the N+4th bit) may be configured as 1, and the remaining 4 bits of the 5 bits (e.g., the Nth bit to the N+3rd bit) may be configured as the same value as QPSK-1 / 2 (e.g., '1' or 0001). Also, in Table 2, for MCS17 (16QAM-2 / 3), the MSB of the 5 bits (e.g., the N+4th bit) may be configured as 1, and the remaining 4 bits (e.g., the Nth bit to the N+3rd bit) of the 5 bits may be configured as '3' or 0011. Also, in Table 2, for MCS18 (16QAM-5 / 6), the MSB of the 5 bits (e.g., the N+4th bit) may be configured as 1, and the remaining 4 bits (e.g., the Nth bit to the N+3rd bit) of the 5 bits may be configured as '4' or 0100. In addition, for MCS19 (256QAM-2 / 3) in Table 2, the MSB of the 5 bits (e.g., the N+4th bit) may be configured as 1, and the remaining 4 bits (e.g., the Nth bit to the N+3rd bit) of the 5 bits may be configured as '7' or 0111.

[0186] Below, UEQM technology / transmission is described in relation to MCS parameters.

[0187] For example, UEQM transmission can be considered when NSS is 1, 2, 3, or 4. Additionally, the number of NSS can be varied in general. UEQM transmission can support different numbers of NSS for DL ​​transmission and UL transmission. For example, UEQM related to DL can support up to 4 NSS, UEQM related to UL can support up to 2 / 3 / 4 NSS. For example, UEQM related to DL can support up to 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 NSS, UEQM related to UL can support up to 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 NSS.

[0188] For example, Table 3 below relates to UEQM supporting up to 4 NSSs. For example, if 2 NSSs are supported, a modulation (i.e., constellation mapping) indicated by M may be applied to the first SS as shown in the table below. In this case, a modulation (i.e., constellation mapping) indicated by M-1 or M-2 may be applied to the second SS.

[0189] For example, if three NSSs are supported, the modulation indicated by M (i.e., constellation mapping) may be applied to the first SS, as shown in the table below. In this case, the modulation indicated by M or M-1 (i.e., constellation mapping) may be applied to the second SS. In this case, the modulation indicated by M-1 or M-2 (i.e., constellation mapping) may be applied to the third SS.

[0190] For example, if up to 4 Nss are supported, the modulation for the 1st / 2nd / 3rd / 4th SS can be set / configured based on M, M-1, and M-2 in the manner shown in Table 3 below based on the above-described method.

[0191] Total Nss1st ss2nd ss3rd ss4th ss2ssMM-1 MM-2 3ssMMM-1 MMM-2 MM-1M-2 4ssMMMM-1MMMM-2MMM-1M-2

[0192] Applying individual constellations to different SSs, as described above, can be called UEQM. For example, when UEQM is applied, the constellations (or constellation indices / parameters) applied to different SSs can be identical. However, even when UEQM is applied, it is desirable for the code rates applied to different SSs to be identical.

[0193] With respect to the above UEQM pattern field, the M is a constellation index indicated by a separate MCS field (e.g., a 5-bit field included in a SIG field or a Trigger frame, etc.), and the M-1 may be a constellation that is one order lower than M, and the M-2 may be a constellation that is two orders lower than M. For example, if M is 4096QAM, M-1 may mean 1024QAM, and M-2 may mean 256QAM. For example, if M is 1024QAM, M-1 may mean 256QAM, and M-2 may mean 64QAM. For example, if M is 256QAM, M-1 may mean 64QAM, and M-2 may mean 16QAM. For example, M could mean 16QAM, M-1 could mean QPSK, and M-2 could mean BPSK. For example, if M is QPSK, M-1 could mean BPSK.

[0194] The example in Table 3 above can be varied in various ways. For example, when two spatial streams are used, the pattern of UEQM does not necessarily have to be {M, M-1} or {M, M-2}. That is, when the constellation index for the first SS is M, the constellation index for the second SS does not have to be M-1 or M-2, and the constellation index for the second SS can be determined in various ways.

[0195] In other words, various MCS combinations are possible. Below, various combinations of MCS indices / parameters applicable to 64 QAM and higher are described.

[0196] Below, the case where Nss=2 and code rate(R)=1 / 2 is explained.

[0197] SS1SS2RCase 1A64BPSK1 / 2Case 2A256641 / 2Case 3A256161 / 2Case 4A256QPSK1 / 2Case 5A256BPSK1 / 2Case 6A10242561 / 2Case 7A1024641 / 2Case 8A1024161 / 2Case 9A1024QPSK1 / 2Case 10A1024BPSK1 / 2Case 11A409610241 / 2Case 12A40962561 / 2Case 13A4096641 / 2Case 14A4096161 / 2Case 15A4096QPSK1 / 2Case 16A4096BPSK1 / 2

[0198] For reference, in Tables 4 to 15, 64 represents 64QAM, 256 represents 256QAM, 1024 represents 1024QAM, and 4096 represents 4096QAM. Furthermore, in the tables, R represents the corresponding code rate. Furthermore, in the tables, SS1 to SS4 represent the first to fourth spatial streams.

[0199] For example, the pattern of UEQM can be determined based on at least one of Case 1A to Case 16A in Table 4. For example, only some of the 16 combinations defined in Table 4 may be used, or all 16 combinations may be used.

[0200] Additionally or alternatively, if the MCS indicated by a separate MCS field (e.g., a 5-bit field included in a SIG field or a Trigger frame, etc.) is 64QAM-1 / 2 code rate, the 64QAM-1 / 2 code rate may be applied to the first SS and the BSPK-1 / 2 code rate may be applied to the second SS, as shown in Table 4. In other words, the STA may support Case 1A.

[0201] Additionally or alternatively, when the MCS indicated by a separate MCS field (e.g., a 5-bit field included in a SIG field or a Trigger frame, etc.) is 256QAM-1 / 2 code rate, at least one of Case 2A to Case 5A in Table 4 may be applied. The present specification proposes an information field related to a UEQM pattern. Based on the information field related to the UEQM pattern, at least one of Case 2A to Case 5A may be selected. Additionally or alternatively, only at least one preset combination of Case 2A to Case 5A may be used. Accordingly, even if there is no information field related to the UEQM pattern, at least one of Case 2A to Case 5A may be used according to a preset rule.

[0202] Additionally or alternatively, if the MCS indicated by a separate MCS field (e.g., a 5-bit field included in a SIG field or a Trigger frame, etc.) is 1024QAM-1 / 2 code rate, at least one of Cases 6A to 10A in Table 4 may be applied. At least one of Cases 6A to 10A may be selected based on an information field related to the UEQM pattern proposed in the present specification, or may be selected according to a preset rule.

[0203] Additionally or alternatively, if the MCS indicated by a separate MCS field (e.g., a 5-bit field included in a SIG field or a Trigger frame, etc.) is 4096QAM-1 / 2 code rate, at least one of Cases 11A to 16A in Table 4 may be applied. At least one of Cases 11A to 16A may be selected based on an information field related to the UEQM pattern proposed in the present specification, or may be selected according to a preset rule.

[0204] Additionally, or when Nss = 2, the range of the SNR difference between spatial streams is 7 to 15 dB, so considering the SNR gap, any combination other than the combination of 1024 / 4096 QAM and QPSK / BPSK (e.g., the combinations of Case 9A, Case 10A, Case 15A, and Case 16A) can be used for UEQM.

[0205] Various examples in this specification are also applicable when code rate = 2 / 3 and Nss=2.

[0206] SS1SS2RCase 1B64162 / 3Case 2B64QPSK2 / 3Case 3B256642 / 3Case 4B256162 / 3Case 5B256QPSK2 / 3Case 6B10242562 / 3Case 7B1024642 / 3Case 8B1024162 / 3Case 9B1024QPSK2 / 3Case 10B409610242 / 3Case 11B40962562 / 3Case 12B4096642 / 3Case 13B4096162 / 3Case 14B4096QPSK2 / 3

[0207] For example, the pattern of UEQM may be determined based on at least one of Case 1B to Case 14B in Table 5. For example, only some of the 14 combinations defined in Table 5 may be used, or all 14 combinations may be used.

[0208] Additionally or alternatively, if the MCS indicated by a separate MCS field (e.g., a 5-bit field included in a SIG field or a Trigger frame, etc.) is 64QAM-2 / 3 code rate, at least one of Case 1B to Case 2B in Table 5 may be selected (e.g., based on a preset rule or an information field related to the UEQM pattern, etc.).

[0209] Additionally or alternatively, if the MCS indicated by a separate MCS field (e.g., a 5-bit field included in a SIG field or a Trigger frame, etc.) is 256QAM-2 / 3 code rate, at least one of Cases 3B to 5B in Table 5 may be selected (e.g., based on a preset rule or an information field related to the UEQM pattern, etc.).

[0210] Additionally or alternatively, if the MCS indicated by a separate MCS field (e.g., a 5-bit field included in a SIG field or a Trigger frame, etc.) is 1024QAM-2 / 3 code rate, at least one of Cases 6B to 9B in Table 5 may be selected (e.g., based on a preset rule or an information field related to the UEQM pattern, etc.).

[0211] Additionally or alternatively, if the MCS indicated by a separate MCS field (e.g., a 5-bit field included in a SIG field or a Trigger frame, etc.) is 4096QAM-2 / 3 code rate, at least one of Cases 10B to 14B in Table 5 may be selected (e.g., based on a preset rule or an information field related to the UEQM pattern, etc.).

[0212] As another example, UEQM transmission can be performed using any combination of 1024QAM / 4096QAM and QPSK, excluding the combination of 1024QAM / 4096QAM and QPSK, considering the SNR gap per SS. For example, UEQM can be applied using any combination except Case 9B and Case 14B in Table 5.

[0213] Various examples in this specification are also applicable when code rate = 3 / 4 and Nss=2.

[0214] SS1SS2RCase 1C256643 / 4Case 2C256163 / 4Case 3C256QPSK3 / 4Case 4C10242563 / 4Case 5C1024643 / 4Case 6C1024163 / 4Case 7C1024QPSK3 / 4Case 8C409610243 / 4Case 9C40962563 / 4Case 10C4096643 / 4Case 11C4096163 / 4Case 12C4096QPSK3 / 4

[0215] For example, the pattern of UEQM may be determined based on at least one of Case 1C to Case 12C in Table 6. For example, only some of the 12 combinations defined in Table 6 may be used, or all 12 combinations may be used.

[0216] Additionally or alternatively, if the MCS indicated by a separate MCS field (e.g., a 5-bit field included in a SIG field or a Trigger frame, etc.) is 256QAM-3 / 4 code rate, at least one of Case 1C to Case 3C in Table 6 may be selected (e.g., based on a preset rule or an information field related to the UEQM pattern, etc.).

[0217] Additionally or alternatively, if the MCS indicated by a separate MCS field (e.g., a 5-bit field included in a SIG field or a Trigger frame, etc.) is 1024QAM-3 / 4 code rate, at least one of Case 4C to Case 7C in Table 6 may be selected (e.g., based on a preset rule or an information field related to the UEQM pattern, etc.).

[0218] Additionally or alternatively, if the MCS indicated by a separate MCS field (e.g., a 5-bit field included in a SIG field or a Trigger frame, etc.) is 4096QAM-3 / 4 code rate, at least one of Case 8C to Case 12C in Table 5 may be selected (e.g., based on a preset rule or an information field related to the UEQM pattern, etc.).

[0219] As another example of the combination defined above, UEQM transmission can be performed using any combination except the combination of 1024QAM / 4096QAM+QPSK, taking into account the SNR gap between SSs.

[0220] Various examples in this specification are also applicable when code rate = 5 / 6 and Nss=2.

[0221] SS1SS2RCase 1D64165 / 6Case 2D256645 / 6Case 3D256165 / 6Case 4D10242565 / 6Case 5D1024645 / 6Case 6D1024165 / 6Case 7D409610245 / 6Case 8D40962565 / 6Case 9D4096645 / 6Case 10D4096165 / 6

[0222] The technical features applied to Tables 4 through 6 can also be applied to Table 7. In other words, the UEQM pattern can be determined based on at least one of Cases 1D through 10D in Table 7. For example, only some of the ten combinations defined in Table 7 may be used, or all ten combinations may be used.

[0223] Additionally or alternatively, if the MCS indicated by a separate MCS field (e.g., a 5-bit field included in a SIG field or a Trigger frame, etc.) is 64QAM-5 / 6 code rate, Case 1D of Table 6 may be selected (e.g., based on a preset rule or an information field related to the UEQM pattern, etc.).

[0224] Additionally or alternatively, if the MCS indicated by a separate MCS field (e.g., a 5-bit field included in a SIG field or a Trigger frame, etc.) is 256QAM-5 / 6 code rate, at least one of Case 2D to Case 3D in Table 7 may be selected (e.g., based on a preset rule or an information field related to the UEQM pattern, etc.).

[0225] Additionally or alternatively, if the MCS indicated by a separate MCS field (e.g., a 5-bit field included in a SIG field or a Trigger frame, etc.) is 1024QAM-5 / 6 code rate, at least one of Case 4D to Case 6D in Table 7 may be selected (e.g., based on a preset rule or an information field related to the UEQM pattern, etc.).

[0226] Additionally or alternatively, if the MCS indicated by a separate MCS field (e.g., a 5-bit field included in a SIG field or a Trigger frame, etc.) is 4096QAM-5 / 6 code rate, at least one of Cases 7D to 10D in Table 7 may be selected (e.g., based on a preset rule or an information field related to the UEQM pattern, etc.).

[0227] Below, the case where NSS = 3 is described. When Nss = 3, the modulation combinations for each SS can be considered as follows, taking into account the snr gap for each stream. At this time, the use of the same modulation order for each SS in the above combinations may be restricted.

[0228] Below, the case of NSS=3 and code rate 1 / 2 is explained.

[0229] The technical features applicable to Tables 4 to 7 described above also apply equally to Table 8 below. Accordingly, any duplicate description of Table 8 is omitted.

[0230] SS1SS2SS3RCase 1E16QPSKBPSK1 / 2Case 2E6416BPSK1 / 2Case 3E64QPSKBPSK1 / 2Case 4E25664161 / 2Case 5E25664QPSK1 / 2Case 6E25664BPSK1 / 2Case 7E25616QPSK1 / 2Case 8E25616BPSK1 / 2Case 9E256QPSKBPSK1 / 2Case 10E1024256641 / 2Case 11E1024256161 / 2Case 12E1024256QPSK1 / 2Case 13E1024256BPSK1 / 2Case 14E102464161 / 2Case 15E102464QPSK1 / 2Case 16E102464BPSK1 / 2Case 17E102416QPSK1 / 2Case 18E102416BPSK1 / 2Case 19E409610242561 / 2Case 20E40961024641 / 2Case 21E40961024161 / 2

[0231] In the example of Table 8, modulation combinations in which the SNR gap between the first SS and the second SS differs by more than 15 dB can be excluded.

[0232] The following describes the case where NSS=3 and code rate 2 / 3. The technical characteristics applicable to Tables 4 through 7 described above also apply to Table 9 below. Accordingly, any duplicate description of Table 9 is omitted.

[0233] SS1SS2SS3RCase 1F6416QPSK2 / 3Case 2F25664162 / 3Case 3F25664QPSK2 / 3Case 4F25616QPSK2 / 3Case 5F1024256642 / 3Case 6F1024256162 / 3Case 7F1024256QPSK2 / 3Case 8F102464162 / 3Case 9F102464QPSK2 / 3Case 10F102416QPSK2 / 3Case 11F409610242562 / 3Case 12F40961024642 / 3Case 13F40961024162 / 3Case 14F4096256642 / 3Case 15F4096256162 / 3Case 16F4096256QPSK2 / 3Case 17F409664162 / 3Case 18F409664QPSK2 / 3

[0234] In the above example, 2 / 3+QPSK can be restricted to avoid overlap with 3 / 4+QPSK, and in this case, any combination except for applying QPSK to SS3 can be used for UEQM.

[0235] The following describes the case where NSS=3 and code rate 3 / 4. The technical characteristics applicable to Tables 4 through 7 described above also apply to Table 10 below. Accordingly, any duplicate description of Table 10 is omitted.

[0236] SS1SS2SS3RCase 1G25664163 / 4Case 2G25664QPSK3 / 4Case 3G25616QPSK3 / 4Case 4G1024256643 / 4Case 5G1024256163 / 4Case 6G1024256QPSK3 / 4Case 7G102464163 / 4Case 8G102464QPSK3 / 4Case 9G102416QPSK3 / 4Case 10G409610242563 / 4Case 11G40961024643 / 4Case 12G40961024163 / 4Case 13G4096256643 / 4Case 14G4096256163 / 4Case 15G4096256QPSK3 / 4Case 16G409664163 / 4Case 17G409664QPSK3 / 4

[0237] The following describes the case where NSS=3 and code rate 5 / 6. The technical characteristics applicable to Tables 4 through 7 described above also apply to Table 11 below. Accordingly, any duplicate description of Table 11 is omitted.

[0238] SS1SS2SS3RCase 1H25664165 / 6Case 2H1024256645 / 6Case 3H1024256165 / 6Case 4H102464165 / 6Case 5H409610242565 / 6Case 6H40961024645 / 6Case 7H40961024165 / 6Case 8H4096256645 / 6Case 9H4096256165 / 6Case 10H409664165 / 6

[0239] Below, the case of NSS = 4 is explained. For example, when Nss = 4, the use of the same modulation order for each SS in the modulation combination may be restricted.

[0240] The following describes the case where NSS=4 and code rate 1 / 2. The technical characteristics applicable to Tables 4 through 7 described above also apply to Table 12 below. Accordingly, any duplicate description of Table 12 is omitted.

[0241] SS1SS2SS3SS4RCase 1I6416QPSKBPSK1 / 2Case 2I2566416QPSK1 / 2Case 3I2566416BPSK1 / 2Case 4I25664QPSKBPSK1 / 2Case 5I25616QPSKBPSK1 / 2Case 6I102425664161 / 2Case 7I102425664QPSK1 / 2Case 8I102425616QPSK1 / 2Case 9I10246416QPSK1 / 2Case 10I40961024256641 / 2Case 11I40961024256161 / 2Case 12I409625664161 / 2

[0242] The following describes the case where NSS=4 and code rate 2 / 3. The technical characteristics applicable to Tables 4 through 7 described above also apply to Table 13 below. Accordingly, any duplicate description of Table 13 is omitted.

[0243] SS1SS2SS3SS4RCase 1J102425664162 / 3Case 2J40961024256642 / 3Case 3J40961024256162 / 3Case 4J409625664162 / 3

[0244] The following describes the case where NSS=4 and code rate 3 / 4. The technical characteristics applicable to Tables 4 through 7 described above also apply to Table 14 below. Accordingly, any duplicate description of Table 14 is omitted.

[0245] SS1SS2SS3SS4RCase 1K2566416QPSK3 / 4Case 2K102425664163 / 4Case 3K102425664QPSK3 / 4Case 4K102425616QPSK3 / 4Case 5K10246416QPSK3 / 4Case 6K40961024256643 / 4Case 7K40961024256163 / 4Case 8K4096102464163 / 4Case 9K409625664163 / 4

[0246] The following describes the case where NSS=4 and code rate 5 / 6. The technical characteristics applicable to Tables 4 through 7 described above also apply to Table 15 below. Accordingly, any duplicate description of Table 15 is omitted.

[0247] SS1SS2SS3SS4RCase 1L102425664165 / 6Case 2L40961024256645 / 6Case 3L40961024256165 / 6Case 4L409625664165 / 6

[0248] The above described modulation combination is an example, and unlike this, the modulation combination for UEQM is an example, and when Nss = N, the number of SS using the same modulation order in UEQM (i.e., M) can be between 0 and N-1, where N has a value greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 8.

[0249] For example, there exists a case where M = any one of 0 to N-1 (where 3≤ N≤8). For example, when Nss = 3, the number of SSs that can have the same modulation order in the modulation combination for UEQM, M, is 2, and at this time, a higher modulation order that SS2 and SS3 (e.g., 1024QAM) can be applied to SS1, and the same modulation order (e.g., 256QAM) can be applied to SS2 and SS3.

[0250] In other words, various MCS combinations are possible. Below, various combinations of MCS indices / parameters applicable to 64 QAM and higher are described.

[0251] The combination of MCS indexes / parameters proposed in the above-described example may be indicated by various fields. For example, the combination of MCS indexes / parameters may be indicated by at least one field included in a User info field included in a Trigger frame. The Trigger frame may include a Common info field, a Special User info field, and / or an EHT / UHR variant user info field. The EHT / UHR variant user info field may include user specific information related to an EHT user STA and a UHR user STA.

[0252] Additionally or alternatively, the combination of the MCS index / parameter may be indicated by a signal field included in the downlink PPDU. An example in which the combination of the MCS index / parameter proposed in this specification is indicated by the user field is described below.

[0253] Fig. 17 shows an example of a user field proposed in the present specification. For example, the example of Fig. 17 may be included in a SIG field. For example, the SIG field may be called by various names such as UHR / EHT / first / second SIG field. For example, the SIG field may be included in a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) of various PHY versions, and may be included in the PPDU illustrated in Fig. 5, for example. For example, the PPDU may further include a U-SIG (Universal) field. For example, as illustrated in Fig. 5, the SIG (signal) field (e.g., UHR-SIG field) may be continuous with the U-SIG field. For example, the SIG (signal) field (e.g., UHR-SIG field) may include additional control information for interpreting the PPDU (or Data field or RU). For example, the SIG (signal) field (e.g., UHR-SIG field) may include a common field and a user specific field. For example, the user specific field may include one or two user fields. Additionally or alternatively, one user specific field may include one or two user fields of FIG. 17. For example, the user field may be related to various communication techniques. Specifically, the user field may be a user field for non-MU-MIMO communication or a user field for MU-MIMO communication. Additionally or alternatively, the user field of FIG. 17 may be a non-MU-MIMO (multi-user multiple input multiple output) user field.

[0254] Additionally or alternatively, the user field may include a 1-bit long unequal modulation (UEQM) information field and a 2-bit long UEQM pattern field consecutive to the UEQM information field. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM information field may include information related to whether UEQM is applied. In other words, information regarding whether UEQM is applied / supported to a PPDU including the UEQM information field (e.g., an (UHR) PPDU transmitted to a non-AP STA via DL) may be included in the UEQM information field. In other words, the UEQM information field may include information regarding whether UEQM is applied over a different spatial stream. In other words, the UEQM information field may include information regarding whether UEQM is applied over a plurality of spatial streams (or two, three, or four spatial streams) related to a SIG including the user field (or a PPDU including the user field, or a Data field related to the user field, or a Resource Unit related to the user field). In other words, the UEQM information field may include information regarding whether UEQM is applied over a plurality of spatial streams (or two, three, or four spatial streams) applied to a Data field decoded / interpreted based on the user field. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM information field may have a first value based on whether UEQM is applied over different spatial streams.

[0255] Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may include information related to a UEQM pattern applied to at least two spatial streams. For example, the UEQM pattern field may indicate at least one of the combinations of Case 1A to Case 16A in Table 4. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may indicate at least one of the combinations of Case 1B to Case 14B in Table 5. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may indicate at least one of the combinations of Case 1C to Case 12C in Table 6. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may indicate at least one of the combinations of Case 1D to Case 10D in Table 7. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may indicate at least one of the combinations of Case 1E to Case 21E in Table 8. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may indicate at least one of the combinations of Case 1F to Case 18F in Table 9. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may indicate at least one of the combinations of Case 1G to Case 17G in Table 10. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may indicate at least one of the combinations of Case 1H to Case 10H in Table 11. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may indicate at least one of the combinations of Case 1I to Case 12I in Table 12. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may indicate at least one of the combinations of Case 1J to Case 4J in Table 13. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may indicate at least one of the combinations of Case 1K to Case 9K in Table 14.Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may indicate at least one of the combinations of Case 1L to Case 4L in Table 15.

[0256] Additionally or alternatively, the user field of the present specification may further include an 11-bit STA (station) ID field and an MCS field that is continuous with the STA ID field and has a length of 5 bits. Specifically, the user field of the present specification may include an 11-bit STA-ID field and a 5-bit MCS field as illustrated in FIG. 24.

[0257] Additionally or alternatively, the 5-bit MCS field may have a value for an MCS index indicating at least one of 64 QAM (Quadrature amplitude modulation), 256 QAM, 1024 QAM, and 4096 QAM based on a 1 / 2 code rate. Additionally or alternatively, the 5-bit MCS field may indicate an MCS index for a first SS (e.g., SS1 of Tables 4 to 15). In this case, constellations (indexes) for a second SS (e.g., SS2 of Tables 4 to 15), a third SS (e.g., SS3 of Tables 4 to 15), and a fourth SS (e.g., SS4 of Tables 4 to 15) may be indicated by the UEQM pattern field. In other words, the constellation index applied to at least one of the second SS to the fourth SS may be indicated by a combination of the 5-bit MCS field and the UEQM pattern field. In this case, it may be preferable that the constellation index applied to at least one of the second SS to the fourth SS is at least one order lower than the constellation index applied to the first SS.

[0258] Additionally or alternatively, the user field of the present specification may further include a 3-bit long NSS field (e.g., B16 to B18 of FIG. 17) consecutive to the MCS field, wherein the NSS field may include information regarding the number of spatial streams. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM information field (e.g., B19 of FIG. 17) may be consecutive to the NSS field (e.g., B16 to B18 of FIG. 17).

[0259] Additionally or alternatively, the STA ID field may be included in B0 to B10 of the user field, the MCS field may be included in B11 to B15 of the user field, the NSS field may be included in B16 to B18 of the user field, the UEQM information field may be included in B19 of the user field, and the UEQM pattern field may be included in B20 to B21 of the user field.

[0260] Additionally or alternatively, when the UEQM information field (e.g., B19 of FIG. 17) is set to a first value (e.g., 1), the user field may include a 2-bit long UEQM pattern field (e.g., B20 and B21 of FIG. 17) consecutive to the UEQM information field.

[0261] Additionally or alternatively, when the UEQM information field (e.g., B19 of FIG. 17) is set to the second value (e.g., 0), the user field may not include a 2-bit long UEQM pattern field (e.g., B20 and B21 of FIG. 17), but may include a 1-bit long Beamformed field (e.g., B20 of FIG. 17) and a 1-bit long coding field (e.g., B21 of FIG. 17). In other words, the user field of the present specification may exclude a 1-bit long Beamformed field (e.g., B20 of FIG. 17) and a 1-bit long coding field (e.g., B21 of FIG. 17) from the user field based on the UEQM information field (e.g., B19 of FIG. 17) having the first value (e.g., 1).

[0262] For example, the Beamformed field may include information regarding whether a beamforming steering matrix is ​​applied. For example, the coding field may include information regarding whether a binary convolutional code (BCC) or a low density parity check (LDPC) is applied to a data field (or resource unit) related to the user field.

[0263] Figure 18 is an example of a procedure flowchart related to the present specification. The illustrated procedure may be performed by an Access Point (AP), a non-AP, an AP Multi-link Device (AP MLD), or a non-AP MLD.

[0264] As illustrated, a SIG field may be generated according to step S1810. In other words, the SIG field may be encoded / defined / set / configured according to an example of the present specification.

[0265] Since the SIG field associated with step S1810 can be included in various PPDUs, step S1810 can also be expressed as a step of generating / encoding / define / setting / configuring a PPDU (or preamble or UHR preamble) containing the corresponding SIG field.

[0266] The SIG field related to step S1810 may be any one of the various SIG fields described above (e.g., the SIG field illustrated in FIG. 17). For example, the SIG field related to step S1810 may be called by various names such as UHR / EHT / first / second SIG field. For example, the SIG field may be included in a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) of various PHY versions, for example, may be included in the PPDU illustrated in FIG. 5. For example, the PPDU may further include a U-SIG (Universal) field. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the SIG (signal) field (e.g., UHR-SIG field) may be continuous with the U-SIG field. For example, the SIG (signal) field (e.g., UHR-SIG field) may include additional control information for interpreting the PPDU (or Data field or RU). For example, the SIG (signal) field (e.g., UHR-SIG field) may include a common field and a user specific field. For example, the user specific field may include one or two user fields.

[0267] Additionally or alternatively, the SIG field associated with step S1810 may include a user field as described in FIG. 17.

[0268] Additionally or alternatively, the SIG field associated with step S1810 may include at least one user field. For example, a user specific field may include one or two user fields associated with step S1810.

[0269] Additionally or alternatively, the user field may include a 1-bit unequal modulation (UEQM) information field and a 2-bit UEQM pattern field. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may be continuous with the UEQM information field.

[0270] Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM information field may include information regarding whether UEQM is applied. In other words, information regarding whether UEQM is applied / supported to a PPDU including the UEQM information field (e.g., an (UHR) PPDU transmitted to a non-AP STA via DL) may be included in the UEQM information field. In other words, the UEQM information field may include information regarding whether UEQM is applied over a different spatial stream. In other words, the UEQM information field may include information regarding whether UEQM is applied over a plurality of spatial streams (or two, three, or four spatial streams) associated with a SIG including the user field (or a PPDU including the user field, or a Data field associated with the user field, or a Resource Unit associated with the user field). In other words, the UEQM information field may include information regarding whether UEQM is applied over multiple spatial streams (or two, three, or four spatial streams) that are applied to a Data field that is decoded / interpreted based on the user field. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM information field may have a first value based on whether UEQM is applied over different spatial streams.

[0271] Additionally or alternatively, the SIG field or the user field may be included in a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU). The PPDU may be a PPDU of various PHY versions, as described above, and may be, for example, a PPDU as illustrated in FIG. 5.

[0272] Additionally or alternatively, the user field related to step S1810 may further include an STA (station) ID field having an 11-bit length and an MCS field having a 5-bit length that is continuous with the STA ID field. Specifically, the user field related to step S1810 may include an STA-ID field having an 11-bit length and an MCS field having a 5-bit length, as illustrated in FIG. 24.

[0273] Additionally or alternatively, the MCS field (e.g., 5 bits long) may be referred to as a first information field. Additionally or alternatively, the MCS field or the first information field may have a value indicating an MCS index applied to the first spatial stream. For example, the MCS field or the first information field may have a value for an MCS index indicating at least one of 64 QAM (Quadrature amplitude modulation), 256 QAM, 1024 QAM, and 4096 QAM based on a 1 / 2 code rate.

[0274] Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may be referred to as a second information field. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may include information related to a constellation index applied to two spatial streams. Additionally or alternatively, the constellation index applied to the second spatial stream (or the second to third spatial streams, or the second to fourth spatial streams) may be determined based on a combination of the first information field and the second information field. For example, it may be preferable that the constellation index applied to the second spatial stream (or the second to third spatial streams, or the second to fourth spatial streams) is at least one order lower than the constellation index applied to the first spatial stream.

[0275] Additionally or alternatively, the constellation indices applied to the first to fourth spatial streams may be various combinations of the MCS indices / parameters indicated in any one of Tables 4 to 15. In this case, the various combinations of the MCS indices / parameters indicated in any one of Tables 4 to 15 may be indicated by the first information field and the second information field. For example, the constellation index applied to the first spatial stream (or SS1) may be determined solely based on the first information field. For example, the constellation index applied to the second spatial stream (or the second to third spatial streams, or the second to fourth spatial streams) may be determined based on a combination of the first information field and the second information field.

[0276] Additionally or alternatively, the user field associated with step S1810 may further include a 3-bit long NSS field contiguous to the MCS field, wherein the NSS field may include information regarding the number of spatial streams.

[0277] Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM information field associated with step S1810 may be continuous with the NSS field.

[0278] Additionally or alternatively, the STA ID field may be included in B0 to B10 of the user field. Additionally or alternatively, the MCS field may be included in B11 to B15 of the user field. Additionally or alternatively, the NSS field may be included in B16 to B18 of the user field. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM information field may be included in B19 of the user field. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may be included in B20 to B21 of the user field.

[0279] Additionally or alternatively, if the UEQM information field has a first value based on that UEQM is applied over a different spatial stream, the user field may exclude a 1-bit long Beamformed field and a 1-bit long coding field from the user field based on the UEQM information field having the first value. Specifically, as described in the example of FIG. 24, if the UEQM information field (e.g., B19 of FIG. 24) is set to a second value (e.g., 0), the user field may not include a 2-bit long UEQM pattern field (e.g., B20 and B21 of FIG. 24), but may include a 1-bit long Beamformed field (e.g., B20 of FIG. 24) and a 1-bit long coding field (e.g., B21 of FIG. 24).

[0280] Additionally or alternatively, the user field may be a non-MU-MIMO (multi-user multiple input multiple output) user field.

[0281] As illustrated, the SIG field may be transmitted according to step S1820.

[0282] Since the SIG field related to the S1820 step can be included in various PPDUs, the S1820 step can also be expressed as a step of transmitting / forwarding / sending a PPDU (or preamble or UHR preamble) containing the corresponding SIG field.

[0283] Figure 19 is an example of a procedure flowchart related to the present specification. The illustrated procedure may be performed by an Access Point (AP), a non-AP, an AP Multi-link Device (AP MLD), or a non-AP MLD.

[0284] As illustrated, a SIG field may be received according to step S1910. For example, the SIG field may include at least one user field. For example, the SIG field or the user field of step S1910 may be identical to the SIG field or the user field described in step S1810 and / or FIG. 17.

[0285] Since the SIG field associated with step S1910 can be included in various PPDUs, step S1910 can also be expressed as a step of receiving a PPDU (or preamble or UHR preamble) containing the corresponding SIG field.

[0286] As illustrated, the PPDU may be interpreted based on the SIG field according to step S1920. For example, the process of performing step S1920 may include a process of interpreting / decoding the data field of the PPDU and a process of interpreting / decoding at least one RU (resource unit) included in the PPDU (or data field). Accordingly, step S1920 may be expressed as a process of interpreting / decoding the PPDU, the data field, and / or the RU based on the SIG field.

[0287] The technical features of the present disclosure may be implemented by various devices. The devices of the present disclosure may be the devices described in FIG. 1 / FIG. 14. The devices of the present disclosure may include at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor, the computer memory storing instructions for performing operations based on execution by the at least one processor.

[0288] For example, the processor may be a processor described in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 14. That is, as described above, the processor of the present specification may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a modem (modulator and demodulator). The processor may include not only computers having various architectures such as single / multiprocessor architecture, sequential (Von Neumann) / parallel architecture, but also specialized circuits such as FPGAs, ASICs, signal processing devices, and other devices. For example, the processor of the present specification may be a SNAPDRAGON® series processor manufactured by Qualcomm®, an EXYNOS® series processor manufactured by Samsung®, an A series processor manufactured by Apple®, a HELIO® series processor manufactured by MediaTek®, an ATOM® series processor manufactured by INTEL®, or a processor that enhances the same.

[0289] For example, the instructions may refer to computer program instructions executed by the at least one processor. The (computer program) instructions provide logic and / or routines that enable the technical features of the present specification to be performed by the processor. The at least one processor can load and execute a computer program by reading the at least one memory.

[0290] The computer program(s) defined by the above instructions may be delivered to the device (e.g., STA) of the present specification via an appropriate delivery mechanism. The delivery mechanism may be, for example, a computer-readable storage medium, a computer program product, a memory device, a recording medium such as a CD-ROM or DVD, or a product tangibly embodying the computer program. The delivery mechanism may be a signal configured to reliably transmit the computer program via a wireless or electrical connection.

[0291] The above (computer program) instructions may include software or firmware for a programmable processor (e.g., programmable content of a hardware device whether instructions for a processor, or configuration settings for a fixed-function device, gate array or programmable logic device, etc.).

[0292] For example, the memory may be the memory described in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 14. That is, as described above, the memory of the present specification may store control information related to the operation of the STA of the present specification or information about signals transmitted and received by the STA (e.g., PPDU including management / control / data frames).

[0293] The technical features of this specification may be implemented in at least one computer-readable recording medium (CRM). The CRM includes instructions that are executed by at least one processor as described above. The instructions stored in the CRM may be computer program instructions as described above.

[0294] The device of the present disclosure may further include a transceiver. The transceiver may be operably connectable to the memory / processor, etc. The transceiver may be the transceiver illustrated in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 14.

[0295] The technical features of this specification described above are applicable to various applications and business models. For example, the technical features described above can be applied to wireless communication in devices that support artificial intelligence (AI).

[0296] Artificial intelligence (AI) is the study of artificial intelligence or the methodologies for creating it, while machine learning (ML) defines various problems in the field of AI and studies the methodologies for solving them. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves performance on a task through consistent experience.

[0297] An artificial neural network (ANN) is a model used in machine learning. It can refer to a model with problem-solving capabilities, comprised of artificial neurons (nodes) formed by the connection of synapses. An ANN can be defined by the connection patterns between neurons in different layers, the learning process that updates model parameters, and the activation function that generates output values.

[0298] An artificial neural network may include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer contains one or more neurons, and the artificial neural network may include synapses connecting neurons. In an artificial neural network, each neuron can output a function value of an activation function based on input signals, weights, and biases received through the synapses.

[0299] Model parameters are parameters determined through learning, including synaptic connection weights and neuron biases. Hyperparameters are parameters that must be set before learning in machine learning algorithms, including the learning rate, number of iterations, mini-batch size, and initialization function.

[0300] The goal of artificial neural network training can be seen as determining model parameters that minimize a loss function. The loss function can be used as an indicator for determining optimal model parameters during the artificial neural network training process.

[0301] Machine learning can be classified into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning depending on the learning method.

[0302] Supervised learning refers to a method for training an artificial neural network when given labels for the training data. The labels can refer to the correct answer (or output value) that the artificial neural network must infer when the training data is input to the artificial neural network. Unsupervised learning can refer to a method for training an artificial neural network when the training data is not given labels. Reinforcement learning can refer to a learning method in which an agent defined within a given environment is trained to select actions or action sequences that maximize the cumulative reward in each state.

[0303] Machine learning implemented with a deep neural network (DNN) containing multiple hidden layers among artificial neural networks is also called deep learning, and deep learning is a subset of machine learning. Hereinafter, the term "machine learning" is used to encompass deep learning.

[0304] Additionally, the above-described technical features can be applied to wireless communication of robots.

[0305] A robot can be defined as a machine that automatically performs or operates a given task based on its own capabilities. Specifically, a robot capable of perceiving its environment, making independent judgments, and performing actions can be called an intelligent robot.

[0306] Robots can be categorized into industrial, medical, household, and military applications based on their intended use or field. Robots are equipped with actuators or motors, enabling them to perform various physical actions, such as moving robot joints. Furthermore, mobile robots incorporate wheels, brakes, and propellers into their actuators, enabling them to move on the ground or fly in the air.

[0307] Additionally, the above-described technical features can be applied to devices that support extended reality.

[0308] Extended reality is a general term for virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). VR technology presents real-world objects and backgrounds as CG images only, AR technology presents virtual CG images over images of real objects, and MR technology is a computer graphics technology that blends and combines virtual objects with the real world.

[0309] MR technology is similar to AR in that it presents both real and virtual objects simultaneously. However, while AR uses virtual objects to complement real objects, MR uses virtual and real objects on an equal footing.

[0310] XR technology can be applied to HMD (Head-Mount Display), HUD (Head-Up Display), mobile phones, tablet PCs, laptops, desktops, TVs, digital signage, etc., and devices to which XR technology is applied can be called XR devices.

Claims

1. Receive a SIG (signal) field including a first information field indicating an MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) index and a second information field related to an UEQM (unequal modulation) pattern by a STA (Station). The above SIG field is included in the first PPDU (protocol data unit), The first information field has a value for an MCS index indicating at least one of 64 QAM (Quadrature amplitude modulation), 256 QAM, 1024 QAM, and 4096 QAM based on a 1 / 2 code rate, The above UEQM pattern is applied to a plurality of spatial streams including a first spatial stream and a second spatial stream, A step in which the first information field has a value indicating an MCS index applied to the first spatial stream; and By the STA, the first PPDU is interpreted based on the SIG field, The constellation index applied to the second spatial stream is determined based on the first information field and the second information field, The constellation index applied to the second spatial stream is at least one order lower than the constellation index applied to the first spatial stream. Including method.

2. In paragraph 1, The same code rate is applied to the first spatial stream and the second stream, method.

3. In paragraph 1, The above second information field has a length of 2 bits, When the second information field has the first value, the constellation index applied to the second spatial stream is one order lower than the constellation index applied to the first spatial stream, If the second information field has a second value, the constellation index applied to the second spatial stream is two orders lower than the constellation index applied to the first spatial stream. method.

4. In paragraph 1, The first spatial stream and the second spatial stream are used for the first PPDU or are used for the second PPDU solicited by the first PPDU. method.

5. In paragraph 1, The above plurality of spatial streams further include a third spatial stream, The constellation index applied to the third spatial stream is determined based on the first information field and the second information field, The constellation index applied to the third spatial stream is at least one order lower than the constellation index applied to the second spatial stream. method.

6. In paragraph 1, The above STA is an AP (Access Point), non-AP, AP MLD (AP Multi-link Device), or non-AP MLD. method.

7. At least one processor; and At least one computer memory operable to said at least one processor, said memory storing instructions for performing operations based on being executed by said at least one processor, The instructions of at least one computer memory are: Receive a SIG (signal) field including a first information field indicating an MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) index and a second information field related to an UEQM (unequal modulation) pattern, The above SIG field is included in the first PPDU (protocol data unit), The first information field has a value for an MCS index indicating at least one of 64 QAM (Quadrature amplitude modulation), 256 QAM, 1024 QAM, and 4096 QAM based on a 1 / 2 code rate, The above UEQM pattern is applied to a plurality of spatial streams including a first spatial stream and a second spatial stream, The first information field has a value indicating an MCS index applied to the first spatial stream; and Interpret the first PPDU based on the above SIG field, The constellation index applied to the second spatial stream is determined based on the first information field and the second information field, The constellation index applied to the second spatial stream is at least one order lower than the constellation index applied to the first spatial stream. Performing an action STA(Station).

8. In the 7th paragraph, the command of at least one computer memory performs an operation related to any one of the 2nd to 6th paragraphs. STA.

9. A SIG (signal) field is configured by a STA (Station) including a first information field indicating an MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) index and a second information field related to an UEQM (unequal modulation) pattern. The above SIG field is included in the first PPDU (protocol data unit), The first information field has a value for an MCS index indicating at least one of 64 QAM (Quadrature amplitude modulation), 256 QAM, 1024 QAM, and 4096 QAM based on a 1 / 2 code rate, The above UEQM pattern is applied to a plurality of spatial streams including a first spatial stream and a second spatial stream, A step in which the first information field has a value indicating an MCS index applied to the first spatial stream; and By the above STA, the above SIG field is transmitted, The constellation index applied to the second spatial stream is determined based on the first information field and the second information field, The constellation index applied to the second spatial stream is at least one order lower than the constellation index applied to the first spatial stream. Including method.

10. In the 9th paragraph, the command of at least one computer memory performs an operation related to any one of the 2nd to 6th paragraphs. STA.

11. At least one processor; and At least one computer memory operable to said at least one processor, said memory storing instructions for performing operations based on being executed by said at least one processor, The instructions of at least one computer memory are: A SIG (signal) field is configured including a first information field indicating an MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) index and a second information field related to an UEQM (unequal modulation) pattern. The above SIG field is included in the first PPDU (protocol data unit), The first information field has a value for an MCS index indicating at least one of 64 QAM (Quadrature amplitude modulation), 256 QAM, 1024 QAM, and 4096 QAM based on a 1 / 2 code rate, The above UEQM pattern is applied to a plurality of spatial streams including a first spatial stream and a second spatial stream, The first information field has a value indicating an MCS index applied to the first spatial stream; and Transmit the above SIG field, The constellation index applied to the second spatial stream is determined based on the first information field and the second information field, The constellation index applied to the second spatial stream is at least one order lower than the constellation index applied to the first spatial stream. Performing an action STA(Station).

12. In the 11th paragraph, the command of at least one computer memory performs an operation related to any one of the 2nd to 6th paragraphs. STA.

13. At least one processor; and At least one computer-readable medium containing instructions based on being executed by at least one processor, By STA (Station), a SIG (signal) field including a first information field indicating an MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) index and a second information field related to an UEQM (unequal modulation) pattern is received, The above SIG field is included in the first PPDU (protocol data unit), The first information field has a value for an MCS index indicating at least one of 64 QAM (Quadrature amplitude modulation), 256 QAM, 1024 QAM, and 4096 QAM based on a 1 / 2 code rate, The above UEQM pattern is applied to a plurality of spatial streams including a first spatial stream and a second spatial stream, A step in which the first information field has a value indicating an MCS index applied to the first spatial stream; and By the STA, the first PPDU is interpreted based on the SIG field, The constellation index applied to the second spatial stream is determined based on the first information field and the second information field, The constellation index applied to the second spatial stream is at least one order lower than the constellation index applied to the first spatial stream. Performing actions that include Recording medium.

14. In the 13th paragraph, the recording medium performs an operation related to any one of the clauses to 6. Recording medium.

Images