Fitting apparatus and system thereof

Abstract

A fitting apparatus for installing or uninstalling a pivot joint defined by a ball of a pin and a socket for receiving the ball, the fitting apparatus comprising a frame member adapted to be attached to the socket, an actuator adapted to apply a force to the pin, and a fastening unit adapted to be attached to the frame member, the fastening unit being adapted for attaching the actuator to the frame member for applying a force to the pin to either instal or uninstall the pivot joint.

Description

FITTING APPARATUS AND SYSTEM THEREOFTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to systems (and apparatus and methods thereof) for conducting maintenance and repair procedures for machinery and vehicle components.

[0002] The invention has been devised particularly, although not necessarily solely, in relation to systems and apparatus and methods thereof for disassembling parts of vehicle components such as studs from sockets, for example, ball studs from sockets of bell cranks of steering system of vehicles.BACKGROUND ART

[0003] The following discussion of the background art is intended to facilitate an understanding of the present invention only. The discussion is not an acknowledgement or admission that any of the material referred to is or was part of the common general knowledge as at the priority date of the application.

[0004] Maintenance and repair of machinery or mechanical components of vehicles is typically a time consuming and cumbersome process. For example, the particular processes for disassembling machinery and equipment undertaken during maintenance and repair procedures can be time consuming processes; thus, the processes for disassembling machinery and equipment typically incorporate relative long delays in the maintenance and repair procedures.

[0005] In particular, disassembling particular machinery and vehicle components may require time because some of their parts may be difficult to separate from each other due to the fact that the parts may be strongly bonded together due to debris hardened between the junction of the parts, corrosion formed in the junction or deformation of the parts occurring during use of the machinery or the vehicle component.

[0006] Examples of vehicle components that require periodical revision (to ensure proper functioning to avoid any accidents) and perhaps disassembly for maintenance or repair purposes are steering systems. This is particularly true due to the relatively largeforces and impacts that are continuously applied to the steering systems during their use.

[0007] Referring to figure 1 , broadly speaking, a steering system 10 for a vehicle typically comprises a multitude of rods 12. Each rod 12 has (1 ) an end pivotally attached via a pivot joint 14 to a bell crank 16; and (2) another end pivotally attached via a pivot joint 14 to a steering knuckle arm 18. Although not shown in Figure 1 , the bell crank 16 operatively connects to a pivot shaft and the steering is moved left and right by hydraulic cylinders. This arrangement allows transferring the rotational movement of the steering wheel to the wheels of the vehicles.

[0008] Figure 2 shows a cross-section of one of the pivot joints 14.

[0009] As shown in figure 2, a particular pivot joint 14 comprises a ball joint 15 having a pin 20 for pivotally attaching an eye 21 of a second socket 22 of one end of a particular rod 12 to one of the eyes of the socket 24 of the bell crank 16. The eye 21 acts as the housing containing for example bearings 23 to allow movement of the ball joint.

[0010] Further, as can be seen in figure 2, a relative narrow gap 15 is defined between the lower surface of the socket 22 and the upper surface of the socket 24.

[0011] The pin 20 comprises a ball 26 adapted to be inserted in the socket 22 of the end of a rod 12, and a stud 28 adapted to be inserted in the socket 24 of the bell crank 16 for defining of the pivot joint 14. The pivot joint 14 comprises a fastener 29 releasably attached to the end 31 of the stud 28 of the pin 20 for securing the pivot joint 14 together. Further, the socket 22 may comprise a cap 25 for concealing the ball 26 and the bearing 23 within the socket 22. The cap 25 reduces entry of contamination and moisture into the socket 22.

[0012] Disassembly of the pivot joint 14 requires, for example, initially removing the socket 22 of the end of the rod 12 and subsequently, the stud 28 is removed from the socket 24 of the bell crank 16.

[0013] Typically, removal of the stud 28 from the socket 24 of the bell crank 16 is very difficult; this may be because of debris and / or corrosion that entered the socket 24of the bell crank 16 impeding release of the stud 28 from the socket 24. Also, deformation of the shape of the socket 24 and its inner surfaces as well as deformation of the outer surfaces of the stud 28 may also impede or at least compromise release of the stud 28 from the socket 24 of the bell crank 16 when the pivot joint 14 needs to be disassembled for replacement thereof and / or repair of the steering system.

[0014] A traditional method for removing the stud 28 from the socket 24 of the bell crank 16 usually requires heat to be applied to the bell crank 16 so as to expand the opening (taper) defined by the socket 24 along with hammer strikes to the bell crank 16 in an effort to release the stud 28. For example, a steel wedge is placed between the bell crank and the underside of the steering control arm, it is then struck with a sledge hammer repeatedly until the taper bond is broken. This presents the risk of personal injury through burning, socket / soft tissue injury from shrapnel and trauma through pinch points and poorly aimed hammer strikes. Also, this can result in eye injury as well as damage to adjacent components due to poorly placed blows.

[0015] These traditional methods are labour intensive and more importantly they are dangerous due to involving impacting the sockets 24 with tools (such as hammers) and on occasions applying heat to the sockets 24 and the bell cranks 16; thus, these traditional methods involve great risks of injury or even death.

[0016] Developing new methods for removing studs 28 from sockets 24 of the bell crank 16 has encountered difficulties that has impeded the traditional studs removal processes to evolve so as to not represent a safety risk for the operators and not be as labour intensive as the traditional methods. These difficulties are, for example, the fact that the gap 15 defined between the socket 22 and socket 24 (see figure 2) is very narrow making it difficult (in particular, in large off-Highway trucks) to apply relatively large forces between the sockets 22 and sockets 24 for removal of the strut 28. Another difficulty is the very limited workspace (defining a relatively small, confined space) that exists adjacent the steering systems 10 of vehicles due to the presence of the steering components, wheels and chassis. These difficulties amongst others make it very difficult to improve the traditional stud removal processes and therefore currently no safe and efficient stud removal process is being in use that would comply with current workplace health and safety regulations; thus, currently operators are forced to take great risks when removing of a stud 28 from a bell crank 16, whilst being located in the confinedspace comprising the steering components for applying heat and impacting with hammering tools the steering components.

[0017] The above is particularly true when trying to remove ball studs from Off- Highway trucks of the type used in high-production mining and heavy-duty environments. This is because, for example, of the relatively large loads being applied to steering systems 10 of these particular vehicles and the heavy dust and particle polluted environments in which these vehicles operate. The large loads, moisture ingress, and contamination can cause the studs 28 to be seized inside the socket 24 in welded-like conditions making removal of the studs 28 nearly impossible without the use of hammer blows or tray drop impacts and / or applying heat.

[0018] Further, applying impacts and heat for removal of the struts 28, requires that an operator be located adjacent to the ball studs 28 within, as mentioned before, a relatively small workspace space due the presence of the steering components, wheels and chassis. Working within confined small with a heat source and applying impacts to, for example, steering components is particularly unsafe due the high possibility of the operators getting burned by the heat sources and injured whilst applying the impacts to the steering components. Heating steering components can also compromise their integrity by tempering the design hardness range back to a lower tensile strength.

[0019] These factors make the stud removal process in vehicles, in particular Off- Highway trucks of the type used in high-production mining and heavy-duty environments, labour intensive unsafe and therefore do not comply with current workplace health and safety regulations.

[0020] It is against this background that the present invention has been developed.SUMMARY OF INVENTION

[0021] According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a fitting apparatus for installing or uninstalling a pivot joint defined by a ball of a pin and a socket for receiving the ball, the fitting apparatus comprising a frame member adapted to be attached to the socket, an actuator adapted to apply a force to the pin, and a fastening unit adapted to be attached to the frame member, the fastening unit being adapted for attaching the actuator to the frame member for applying a force to the pin to either instalor uninstall the pivot joint.

[0022] Preferably, the fastening unit is adapted for selectively attaching the actuator to the frame member in a plurality of manners for applying a force to the pin to either instal or uninstall the pivot joint.

[0023] Preferably, the fastening unit comprises a plurality of fastening collars attached to the actuator, the actuator comprising a cylinder assembly having a cylinder, and a piston having an end for applying the force.

[0024] In an arrangement, there are first and second fastening collars configured for securing the cylinder assembly to the frame member and receiving the stud of the pin.

[0025] Preferably, the first fastening collar is attached to the cylinder of the cylinder assembly, and the second fastening collar is attached to the piston of the cylinder assembly, permitting movement of the first and second fastening collars with respect to each other.

[0026] Preferably, the fastening collars comprise one or more grooves to accommodate variations between the stud lengths of the pin.

[0027] Preferably, the fastening collars have been configured to freely rotate when mounted to the hydraulic cylinder piston permitting orienting the hydraulic cylinder assembly once the fastening collar has been attached to the frame member.

[0028] Preferably, the fastening collars are configured symmetrically along the azimuthal angle. In this manner hydraulic cylinder assembly can be installed into the frame member a plurality of directions, such as either cylinder hose connection forward or backward, as required to suit access for connecting with the source of hydraulic fluid.

[0029] Preferably, each fastening collar comprises at least one groove indenting into the side of the fastening collars for receiving a u-shaped flange of an opening fastening end of the frame member.

[0030] Preferably, the second fastening collar comprises an upper surface configured for receiving the pin during application of the force.

[0031] Preferably, the upper surface comprises a ridge.

[0032] Preferably, a spacer is provided configured to be received by the upper surface to accommodate variations between the stud lengths of the pin.

[0033] Preferably, the spacer comprises a cavity for receiving the upper ridge of the second fastening collar.

[0034] Preferably, the frame member comprises a receiving end adapted for receiving the socket, and a fastening end adapted for fixing the actuator to the frame member.

[0035] Preferably, there is a provided a body retainer comprising a ring for attachment to the pin, the ring comprising an extension with a tag adapted to rotate.

[0036] Preferably, the receiving end comprises spring-loaded locking pin for releasably attaching the actuator to the receiving end.

[0037] Preferably, the frame member comprises a body configured as a first semi- cylindrical niche from which a second semi-cylindrical niche extends substantially perpendicularly such that the longitudinal axis of both semi-cylindrical niches coincides.

[0038] Preferably, the first semi-cylindrical niche defines the receiving end comprising an open side and closed curved side configured for snugly receiving the socket.

[0039] Preferably, the closed curved side comprises an opening for receiving the tag of the extension of the body retainer.

[0040] Preferably, the second semi-cylindrical niche comprises the fastening end.

[0041] Preferably, second semi-cylindrical niche comprises two open sides permitting installation of the actuator from both sides of the second semi-cylindrical niche.

[0042] Preferably, in the uninstallation mode, the cylinder assembly is attached to the fastening end in such a manner that the piston travels along the second semi- cylindrical niche towards the receiving end for applying the force to the ball of the pivotjoint located within the receiving end of the frame member.

[0043] Preferably, in the installation mode, the cylinder assembly is attached to the fastening end in such a manner that the cylinder is located within the second semi- cylindrical niche applying the force to the ball of the pivot joint located within the receiving end of the frame member.

[0044] Preferably, the fastening end and the receiving end of the frame member comprises, respectively, open ends (referred to as access points) for, respectively, receiving the actuator, and the socket with the ball of the pin.

[0045] Preferably, the access point of the fastening end (for receiving the actuator) faces the opposite direction than the access point of the receiving end (for receiving the socket).

[0046] Preferably, an upper open end at the receiving end provides a clearance permitting for the ejection of the ball.

[0047] Preferably, the frame member comprises handles.

[0048] Preferably, the handles comprise angled V-shaped handles.

[0049] Preferably, the V-shaped handles are configured so that the open V is angled towards the operator, providing comfort and optimised balance. When switching from assembly to disassembly (rotating the tool 180deg), the operator is presented with the perfect hand position. This shape is particularly advantageous because it provides more comfort as to compared to convention straight handles.

[0050] According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a fitting system for installing a pivot joint defined by a ball of a pin and a socket for receiving the ball, wherein the fitting system comprises a fitting apparatus according to the first aspect of the invention and an insert adapted to be mounted in the socket defining a circular barrier extending perpendicularly from the socket for surrounding the ball during installation of the pivot joint.

[0051] Preferably, the insert is configured for resting on the ball.

[0052] In an arrangement, the insert comprises a lip extending perpendicularly from the inner surface of the edge of the insert facing the ball, the lip resting on the upper surface of the ball when the insert is mounted onto the ball.

[0053] In a further arrangement, the insert comprises an O-ring abutting the inner surface of the insert to provide resistance to bearing surrounding the ball.

[0054] Preferably, the bearing comprises split shell bearing.

[0055] According to a third aspect of the invention there is provided a fitting system for uninstalling a pivot joint defined by a ball of a pin, and a socket for receiving the ball surrounded by a bearing, wherein the fitting system comprises a fitting apparatus according to the first aspect of the invention, and a capsule for containment of the bearing and the ball avoiding ejection of parts of bearing and / or the ball.

[0056] Preferably, the capsule comprises a proximal end and a distal end, the distal end comprises a flange surrounding the distal end.

[0057] Preferably, in operation, the flange is sandwiched between the frame member and the surface of the socket impeding vertical movement of the capsule during the uninstallation process of the pivot joint.

[0058] Preferably, the capsule further comprises a skirt.

[0059] Preferably, the skirt reaches into a groove defined between (1 ) the inner surface of the socket and (2) the proximal curved surface of the ball.

[0060] Preferably, the capsule comprises an indication assembly having indication signage indicating operators during the disassembly process at which stage the disassembly process currently is in.

[0061] Preferably, the indication assembly comprises a plunger having indication signage, the plunger being configured for moving within the capsule.

[0062] Preferably, the plunger comprises a piston and a rod, the piston comprises the indication signage and is configured for receiving the upper surface of the ball.

[0063] Preferably, the indication assembly comprises a cylinder adapted to receivethe rod for guiding the movement of the piston.

[0064] Preferably, a spring is contained within the cylinder for biasing the piston towards distal end of the capsule.

[0065] Preferably, the capsule comprises one or more slots permitting the indication signage to at least partially reach out of the capsule to be visualised by the operators to indicate at which stage the disassembly process currently is in.

[0066] Preferably, the capsule comprises a cylindrical body defined by a side wall, the side wall having a flange extending away from the side wall and surrounding the side wall, and a skirt to be received within the groove defined by the socket and the ball of the pin.

[0067] Preferably, the flange comprises an extension extending from the flange away from the side wall, the extension having a tap adapted to rotate to either secure the fitting apparatus to the socket or permit removing the fitting apparatus from the socket.

[0068] According to a fourth aspect of the invention there is provided a method for installing a pivot joint using the system according to the second aspect of the invention, the pivot joint comprising a socket having an eye, and a pin having a ball and an end opposite to the ball for insertion in the socket, wherein the method comprises the step of: i. defining a barrier using the insert for surrounding the ball prior installation of the pivot joint; ii. mounting the pin onto the socket so that the ball and barrier rests on the eye; iii. mounting the frame member on the socket such that the fastening end of the frame member is located opposite to the end of the pin, which is located outside of the frame member; iv. inserting the cylinder assembly into the frame member and attaching it thereto such that the cylinder moves towards the receiving end of the frame member; v. actuating the actuator for applying a force to the ball until the ball is inserted into the eye of the socket defining the pivot joint.

[0069] Preferably, the step of defining the barrier comprises surrounding the ball with the insert.

[0070] Preferably, the ball has been surrounded by the bearing prior surrounding the ball with the insert.

[0071] Preferably, the actuator is attached to the fastening end of the frame member by attaching the installation fastening collar to the fastening end of the frame member.

[0072] According to a fifth aspect of the invention there is provided a method for uninstalling a pivot joint using the system according to the third aspect of the invention, the pivot joint comprising a socket having an eye and a pin having an end and a ball opposite to the end, the ball being inserted in the socket, wherein the method comprises the step of: i. mounting the frame member onto the socket such that the lower section of the pin with its end are located within the frame member; ii. mounting the actuator onto the fastening end of the frame member such that the actuator is located outside the frame member hanging from the fastening end of the frame member; and iii. actuating the actuator for applying a force to the end of the pin until the ball is ejected from the eye of the socket uninstalling the pivot joint.

[0073] Preferably, prior mounting of the frame member onto the socket, the capsule is mounted on the socket such that the capsule may receive the ball and bearing after uninstallation of the pivot joint.

[0074] According to a sixth aspect of the invention there is provided a safety capsule for attachment to a fitting apparatus according to the first aspect of the invention, the safety capsule configured for containment of a ball of a pin and bearings surrounding the ball avoiding ejection of parts of bearing and / or the ball at extraction of pin from an eye during uninstallation mode.

[0075] Preferably, the capsule comprises a proximal end and a distal end, the distal end comprises a flange surrounding the distal end.

[0076] Preferably, in operation, the flange is sandwiched between the framemember and the surface of the socket impeding vertical movement of the capsule during the uninstallation process of the pivot joint.

[0077] Preferably, the capsule further comprises a skirt.

[0078] Preferably, the skirt reaches into a groove defined between (1 ) the inner surface of the eye and (2) the ball.

[0079] Preferably, the capsule comprises an indication assembly having indication signage indicating operators during the disassembly process at which stage the disassembly process currently is in.

[0080] Preferably, the indication assembly comprises a plunger having indication signage and is configured for moving within the capsule.

[0081] Preferably, the plunger comprises a piston and a rod, the piston comprises the indication signage and is configured for receiving the upper surface of the ball.

[0082] Preferably, the indication assembly comprises a cylinder adapted to receive the rod for guiding of the movement of the piston.

[0083] Preferably, a spring is contained within the cylinder for biasing the piston towards distal end of the capsule.

[0084] Preferably, the capsule comprises one or more slots permitting the indication signage to at least partially reach out of the capsule to be visualised by the operators to indicate at which stage the disassembly process currently is in.

[0085] Preferably, the capsule comprises a cylindrical body defined by a side wall, the side wall having a flange extending away from the side wall and surrounding the side wall, and a skirt to be received within the groove defined by the socket and the ball of the pin.

[0086] Preferably, the flange comprises an extension extending from the flange away from the side wall, the extension having a tap adapted to rotate to either secure the fitting apparatus to the eye or permit removing the fitting apparatus from the eye.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0087] Further features of the present invention are more fully described in the following description of several non-limiting embodiments thereof. This description is included solely for the purposes of exemplifying the present invention. It should not be understood as a restriction on the broad summary, disclosure or description of the invention as set out above. The description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:Figure 1 a is top perspective view of a portion of a vehicle steering system including the steering rods, bell crank and buckle arms;Figure 1 b is a top perspective of a vehicle steering system shown four pivot joints comprising each a steering stud;Figure 2 is a cross-section of a pivot joint for joining together a steering rod to the bell crank;Figure 3 is a perspective view of a particular arrangement of a fitting apparatus in installation mode in accordance with an embodiment of the invention operatively connected to the pivot joint shown in figure 2;Figure 4 is a perspective view of a particular arrangement of a fitting apparatus in removal mode in accordance with the embodiment of the invention operatively connected to the pivot joint shown in figure 2;Figure 5a is a front perspective view of the fitting apparatus in disassembled condition showing the frame member and the cylinder assembly side by side;Figure 5b is an exploded view of the cylinder assembly the fitting apparatus shown in figure 5a;Figure 6 is a front perspective view of the fitting apparatus shown in figure 6 including a detail E of the upper section of the fitting apparatus in installation mode;Figure 7 is a perspective view of a socket prior installation of the pivot jointincorporating an insert for receiving the pin and the bearing surrounding the ball of the pin;Figure 8 is a perspective view of the showing the bearing in exploded view;Figure 9 is a perspective view of the socket shown in figure 7 prior installation of the pivot joint with the insert incorporating the pin and the bearing surrounding the ball of the pin;Figures 10a and 10b are respectively a side perspective view and a front view of the fitting apparatus shown in figure 6 in removal mode;Figure 11 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the fitting apparatus in removal mode including a detail G of the upper section of the fitting apparatus showing the interior of the capsule;Figures 12 and 13 are respectively perspective views of the capsule prior installation and installed onto the eye of the socket shown in figure 7;Figure 14 is a schematic view of a system for installing and / or uninstalling pivot joints using the fitting apparatus shown in figures 3 and 4;Figure 15 is a perspective view of a second arrangement of a fitting apparatus in exploded condition in accordance with the present embodiment of the invention for being operatively connected to the pivot joint shown in figure 2;Figure 16 is a rear perspective view of the frame member (the body) of the fitting apparatus;Figure 17 is a perspective exploded view of the pin comprising the insert (the sleeve) and the body retainer;Figure 18 is a perspective exploded view of the pin inserted in the eye comprising the insert (the sleeve) and the body retainer attached to the capsule;Figure 19 is a side front perspective view of the pin inserted in the eyeattached to the frame member;Figure 20 is a perspective view of the cylinder assembly comprising a particular arrangement of a fastening collar mounted on the cylinder;Figure 21 is a perspective view of the particular arrangement of a fastening collar for mounting on the cylinder;Figure 22 is a top perspective view of a particular arrangement of a fastening insert for mounting on the fastening collar;Figure 23 is a perspective cross sectional view of the particular arrangement of the fastening insert for mounting on the cylinder;Figures 24 and 25 are perspective views of the second arrangement of the fitting apparatus in assembled condition mounted on a pin attached to the eye for, respectively, disassembly of the pin from the eye or assembly the pin onto the eye;Figures 26 to 33 are perspective views and cross-sectional views of the second arrangement of the fitting apparatus shown in figures 15 to 24 having a safety capsule in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the figures 26 to 33 illustrate the fitting apparatus when mounted on a pin attached to the eye during the process of disassembly of the pin starting from: (1 ) the pin being installed within the eye, (2) up to the location of maximum displacement of the pin after having been removed from the eye;Figures 34 and 35 are, respectively, a perspective and a cutaway view of the particular arrangement of the safety capsule shown in figure 26 to 33 in use;Figure 36 shows a particular arrangement of a spacer; andFigures 37 to 40 are perspective views and cross-sectional views of the second arrangement of the fitting apparatus shown in figure 2 (with the safety capsule in accordance with an embodiment of the invention removed for illustration purposes) incorporating a spacer located between the screwed end of the pin and a fastening unit for securing the cylinder assembly to thefitting apparatus, the figures 37 to 39 illustrate the fitting apparatus when mounted on a pin attached to the eye during the process of disassembly of the pin starting from the pin being installed to having been removed from the eye.

[0088] In the drawings like structures are referred to by like numerals throughout the several views. The drawings shown are not necessarily to scale, with emphasis instead generally being placed upon illustrating the principles of the present invention.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT(S)

[0089] Figures 3 and 4 show, respectively, a particular arrangement of a fitting apparatus 30 in installation mode and in uninstallation mode.

[0090] The fitting apparatus 30 may be used for selectively either installing or uninstalling a pivot joint such as a ball joint 15 (see figure 2) comprising the socket 22 and the ball 26 (surrounded by the bearing 23) of the pin 20 received within the eye 21 of the socket 22.

[0091] The fitting apparatus 30 in accordance with the present embodiment of the invention is particularly advantageous because the fitting apparatus 30 is configured to provide the dual function of either installing or uninstalling a ball joint 15 by simply varying the orientation of the fitting apparatus 30 without requiring major disassembly and subsequent reassembly of the fitting apparatus for permitting the fitting apparatus to operate under a different mode such as for installation of the ball joint 15 after having disassembled the ball joint 15 for repair using the fitting apparatus 30 whilst being in the uninstallation mode for disassembly of the ball joint 15.

[0092] Referring to figure 3, the fitting apparatus 30 in accordance with the present embodiment of the invention comprises a frame member 32 and an actuator 34. The actuator 34 is adapted to engage the frame member 32 for providing a driving force for either installing or uninstalling the ball joint 15.

[0093] In particular, the actuator 34 comprises a cylinder assembly 36 adapted for attachment to one end of the frame member 32 to permit displacement of its cylinder piston 39 (see figure 4) to move within the frame member 32 for applying the drivingforce to the ball 26 for either installing or uninstalling the ball joint 15.

[0094] The frame member 32 comprises a receiving end 40 adapted for receiving the socket 22, and a fastening end 42 adapted for fixing the cylinder assembly 36 to the frame member 32 permitting to displace the cylinder piston 39 to the receiving end 40 to apply the driving force to pin 20. As shown in figures 3 and 6, the receiving end 42 comprises spring-loaded locking pin for releasably attaching the cylinder assembly 36 to the receiving end 42.

[0095] As shown in figure 5a, the frame member 32 comprises a body 44 having the receiving end 40 configured as a first semi-cylindrical niche 46 from which a second semi-cylindrical niche 48 extends substantially perpendicularly such that the longitudinal axis of both semi-cylindrical niches 46 and 48 coincide.

[0096] The first semi-cylindrical niche 46 defines the receiving end 40 comprising an open side and closed curved side configured for snugly receiving the socket 22 as shown in figures 3 and 4. The second semi-cylindrical niche 48 comprises the fastening end 42 opposite to the receiving end 40.

[0097] When the fitting apparatus 30 is to be operated in the uninstallation mode, the cylinder assembly 36 is attached to the fastening end 42 in such a manner that the cylinder piston 38 travels along the second semi-cylindrical niche 48 towards the receiving end 46 for applying the driving force to the ball 26 of the ball joint 15 located within the receiving end 40 of the frame member 32 - see figure 4.

[0098] When the fitting apparatus 30 is to be operated in the installation mode, the cylinder assembly 36 is attached to the fastening end 42 in such a manner that the cylinder is located within the second semi-cylindrical niche 48 for applying the driving force to the ball 26 of the ball joint 15 located within the receiving end 40 of the frame member 32 - see figure 3.

[0099] The first and second semi-cylindrical niches 46 and 48 comprises, respectively, open ends 47 and 49 (see figure 4). The open end 47 at the receiving end 42 provides a clearance permitting for the ejection of the ball 26 during uninstallation of the ball joint 15 resulting in the pin 20 being released from the eye 21 of the socket 22 as the driving force is pushing the pin 20 for disarmament of the ball joint 15.

[0100] The open end 49 of the fastening end 42 defines a u-shaped flange 45 (see figures 3 and 4) for supporting the cylinder assembly 36 during the installation and uninstallation process of the ball joint 15.

[0101] Referring now to figure 5b showing the cylinder assembly 36 in exploded condition, the cylinder assembly 36, comprises an actuator 37 (such as a hydraulic cylinder) comprising a cylinder 38 and a cylinder piston 39 adapted to be selectively displaced between a contracted condition and an extended condition. The capacity of the actuator 37 depends on the particular use that will be given to the fitting apparatus 30. For example, hydraulic systems able to apply forces of about 30 tonnes to 50 tonnes (or of greater or lesser tonnage) may be used for separating ball joints 15 of steering systems 10 of heavy-duty vehicles.

[0102] As shown in figure 5b, the cylinder assembly 36, in addition to the actuator 37, comprises a fastening unit 51 comprising first and second fastening collars 50 (i.e. respectively, an uninstallation fastening collar 50a - the second installation collar - 50b and an installation fastening collar - the first installation collar - 50b) for securing the cylinder assembly 36 to the frame member 32. For this, the fastening collars 50 are configured for attachment to the fixing end 42 of the frame member 32.

[0103] In particular, in the arrangement shown in the figures (such as figure 5a), each fastening collar (50a and 50b) comprises a groove 52a and 52b indenting into the side of the fastening collars 50 for receiving the u-shaped flange 45 of the fastening end 42 of the frame member 32 - see also figures 3 and 4.

[0104] For installation purposes of the ball joint 26, the fastening collar 50b (the first installation collar) is slid onto the u-shaped flange 45 of the fastening end 42 (through movement of the cylinder assembly 36 into the frame member 32). In this manner, the cylinder assembly 36 is attached to the fastening end 42 as shown in figure 3.

[0105] For uninstallation purposes of the ball joint 26 the fastening collar 50a (the second installation collar) is slid onto the u-shaped flange 45 of the fastening end 42 so that the actuator 34 is located below the receiving end 42. In this manner, the cylinder assembly 36 is hanging from the fastening end 42 as shown in figure 4.

[0106] The fastening collars 50a and 50b are to be mounted on a fastening end 54of the cylinder assembly 36. For this, the fastening collar 50a comprises an opening 56 traversing longitudinally its body for permitting the cylinder piston 39 to slide through the fastening collar 50a for applying the force. The fastening collar 50b is attached to the end of cylinder piston 39. In this manner, the fastening collars 50a and 50b are arranged on the top of each other as shown in figure 5a.

[0107] The fastening collar 50a is attached to the cylinder 38 at the location comprising the opening where the cylinder piston 39 exits when the actuator 37 is moved into the extended condition.

[0108] When the fastening 50a is attached to the receiving end 42 (see figure 4), the fastening collar 50b is moved away from the actuator 37 as the cylinder piston 39 moves out of the cylinder 38. In this manner, the driving force is applied to the lower screwed end 31 of the pin 20 for uninstalling the ball joint 15. As shown in figure 5a, the fastening collar 50b comprises an upper surface 60 configured for receiving the lower screwed end 31 for application of the driving force.

[0109] In contrast, when the fastening collar 50b is attached to the receiving end 42 (see figure 3), the fastening collar 50a is moved away from the fastening collar 50b as the cylinder piston 39 moves out of the cylinder 38 permitting applying the driving force to the ball 26 of the pin 20 for installing the ball joint 15.

[0110] As shown in 5b, the cylinder assembly 36 comprises a pressing cup 62 attached to the closed end of the cylinder 38. The pressing cup 62 comprises a free end 27 for abutting the ball 26. The free end 27 is configured to be mounted onto the ball 26 of the pin 20 for applying the driving force to insert the ball 26 into the eye 21 of the socket 22 for installation of the ball joint 15.

[0111] Figures 6 to 9 relates to the process for installing the ball joint 15 via fitting system comprising the fitting apparatus 30 and an insert 64 for defining a circular barrier extending perpendicularly from the eye 21 away from the socket 22 to surround the ball 26.

[0112] As shown in figure 7, the insert 64 is mounted on the socket 22. The insert 64 is of circular configuration having a diameter substantially the same than the diameter of the eye 21 . This permits the insert 64 to rest on the socket 22 defining a circular barrierextending perpendicularly from the eye 21 away from the socket 22. The insert 64 is particularly advantageous because it maintains the pin 20 and bearing 23 together and aligned during the process of installing the ball 26 of the pin 20 into the eye of the socket 22. As shown in figures 8 and 9, the bearing 23 may be a split shell bearing 23 composed of two arcs 23a and 23b.

[0113] Subsequently, as shown in figures 8 and 9, the pin 20 is prepared by locating the bearing 23 around the ball 26 and inserting the pin 20 into the eye 21 of the socket 23 such that the ball 26 (surrounded by the bearing 23) is located within the barrier defined by the insert 64.

[0114] Referring to figure 6, the frame member 32 is then mounted onto the socket 22 with the cylinder assembly 36 being then inserted into the fame member 32. This is done by sliding the fastening collar 50b into the fastening end 42 of the frame member 32 such that the u-shape flange 45 slides in the groove 52b of the fastening collar 50b. As shown in figure 6, the frame member 32 is oriented in such a manner that the fastening end 42 is located opposite to the end 31 of the pin 20, which is located outside of the frame member 32.

[0115] At this stage, the actuator 37 is actuated via delivery of hydraulic fluid to the cylinder 48 through port 66 resulting in that the pressing cup 62 is moved into the insert 64 until the ball 26 is inserted into the eye of the socket 22 defining the ball joint 15.

[0116] Once the ball joint 15 is installed, the cylinder piston 39 is retracted into the cylinder 30 and the insert 64 may be removed from the socket 22.

[0117] In an alternative arrangement, the insert 64 is configured to rest on the ball 26 surrounded by the bearing 23 before the pin 20 (with ball 26 and bearing 23) is mounted onto the socket 22 as described in relation to figures 7 to 9. In particular, in this alternative arrangement, the insert 64 comprises a lip 65 extending perpendicularly from the inner surface of the edge of the insert 64 facing the ball 26. The presence of the lip 65 is particularly advantageous because the lip 65 will rest on the ball 26 when the insert 64 is mounted on the upper surface of the ball 26. Thus, the lip 65 prevents the insert 64 from slipping past the bearing 23 once the insert 64 is assembled around the ball 26. Also, an O-ring abutting the inner surface of the insert 64 may be included to provide resistance to the bearing 23 maintaining the assembly of the ball 26, bearing 23and insert 64 together. This facilitates the process of mounting the pin 20 (with its ball 26 surrounded by the bearing 23) onto the socket 22. Thus, a much smoother and safer process is provided as compared to locating the insert 64 first on the socket 22, and subsequently trying to mount the pin 20 with the bearing 23 onto the socket 22, requiring to properly aim the end 31 of the pin 20 so that he end 31 is inserted into the insert 64 whilst mounted on the socket as shown in figure 7.

[0118] Referring now to figures 9 to 11 , these figures relate to the process of uninstalling the ball joint 15.

[0119] As shown in figures 10a and 10b, for uninstalling the ball joint 15, the frame member 32 is mounted on the socket 22 such that the lower section of the pin 20 with its end 31 are located within the frame member 32, and the cylinder assembly 36 is located outside of the frame member 32 hanging from the fastening end 42.

[0120] Subsequently, the cylinder assembly 36 is inserted into the fame member 32 by sliding the fastening collar 50a into the fastening end 42 of the frame member 32 such that the u-shaped flange 45 slides into the groove 52a of the fastening collar 50a as shown in figure 9b. The frame member 32 is oriented in such a manner that the lower section of the pin 20 including its end 31 is located within the frame member 32.

[0121] During uninstallation, the actuator 37 is actuated via delivery of hydraulic fluid to the cylinder 38 through port 66 resulting in that the fastening collar 50b is moved towards the end 31 such the end 31 is received by the upper surface 60 of the fastening collar 50b (see figure 10b). As the cylinder piston 39 is displaced away from the cylinder 38, the driving force is applied to the pin 20 until the ball 26 is ejected from the eye 21 of the socket 22 uninstalling the ball joint 15.

[0122] Ejection of the ball 26 from the eye 21 , results in that the bearing 23 is also ejected from the socket 22. Ejection of the bearing 23, which typically has been compromised due to wear and tear or during the uninstallation process of the ball joint 15, can be a safety risk potentially injuring operators trying to uninstall the ball joint 15.

[0123] In accordance with a particular arrangement of the present embodiment of the invention, uninstallation of the ball joint 15 may be done via fitting system comprising the fitting apparatus 30 and a safety capsule 68 adapted to receive thebearing 23 and the ball 26 may be provided for containment of the bearing 23 and the ball 26 avoiding ejection of parts of bearing 23 and / or the ball 26. Figures 10 to 13 depict the use of the capsule 68.

[0124] As shown in figures 10a and 10b, the capsule 68 is mounted on the socket 22 for receiving the ball 26 with the bearing 23 after the ball joint 15 has been uninstalled resulting in that the ball 36 and bearing 23 exit the eye 21 of the socket 15 necessarily entering the capsule 68 as shown in figure 11 . This ensures that the ball 26, the bearing 23 and, if applicable, any broken-apart parts of the bearing 23 or even the ball 26 are contained within the capsule 68 keeping safe any bystanders.

[0125] As shown in figure 11 , the capsule 68 comprises a proximal end 70 and a distal end 72. In the particular arrangement shown in the figures, the distal end 72 comprises a flange 74 surrounding the distal end 72. The flange 74 extends (perpendicularly and away from the capsule 68) at a particular location being spaced from the end edge of the distal end 72.

[0126] Further, the capsule 70 shown in figure 11 comprises a cylindrical body defined by a side wall 73. As shown in figure 11 , the side wall 73 extends further beyond the flange 74 defining a skirt 76 as can be seen in figure 11 .

[0127] In this manner, the distal end 72 is configured to be received by the socket 22. In particular, the skirt 76 reaches into the groove 78 defined between (1 ) the inner surface 80 of the socket 22 defining the eye 21 and (2) the proximal curved surface 82 of the ball 26. In this manner, the capsule 68 is secured to the socket 22 impeding the capsule 68 from moving laterally along the surface 84 of the socket 22 on which the capsule 68 is mounted.

[0128] Moreover, as shown in figure 1 1 , when the frame member 32 is mounted onto the socket 22, the flange 74 is sandwiched between the frame member 32 and the surface 84 of the socket 22 impeding vertical movement of the capsule 68 during the uninstallation process of the ball joint 15.

[0129] Figures 12 and 13 show a capsule 68 mounted on the surface 84 of the socket 22. The capsule 68 comprises a cylindrical body 86 having open ends. One open end faces the ball 26 (during the uninstallation process) and the other open endcomprises a lid 88 having an opening 90 at its centre.

[0130] In operation, if - for example - the bearing 23 of the ball joint 15 needs replacement, after the capsule 68 has been mounted on the socket 22, the frame member 32 is mounted on the socket 22 as shown in figure 13.

[0131] Subsequently, the cylinder assembly 36 is attached to the frame member 32 such that the uninstallation fastening collar 50a is attached to the receiving end 42 of the frame member 32 as shown in figure 10b.

[0132] Then, the actuator 37 of the cylinder assembly 36 is activated driving the piston rod 39 (comprising at its distal end, the installation fastening collar 50b) out of the cylinder 38 towards the end 31 of the pin 20 in order to apply the driving force to the pin 20 with objective of ejecting the ball 26 (and the bearing 23) out of the eye 21 as shown in figure 11 .

[0133] At this stage, the frame member 32 may be dismounted from the socket 22 permitting removal of the capsule 68 exposing the ball 26 ejected from the eye 21 and recovery of the bearing 23.

[0134] If the objective is to reassemble the ball joint 15 with a new bearing 23, an insert 64 is located on the socket as shown in figure 7 so that it surrounds the ball 26 incorporating the new bearing 23 as shown in figure 9.

[0135] At this stage, the installation process as described earlier with reference to figures 6 to 9 may be implemented in order to reinstall the ball joint 15.

[0136] The fitting apparatus 30 is particularly advantageous because of its dual function permitting installation or uninstallation of the ball joint 15 by simply mounting the fitting apparatus 30 in different orientations without the need of cumbersome disassembling and reassembling of conventional extraction and installation apparatus of the prior art greatly delaying the maintenance process of the ball joints 15 and pivot joints 14 of steering systems 10.

[0137] Also, the fitting apparatus 30 is designed to minimise any safety risk to operators handling the maintenance process of the pivot joints 14. This is particularly true because the parts that are being removed requiring application of relatively largedriving forces are driving into a capsule 68 for containment therein.

[0138] Furthermore, in accordance with another embodiment of the invention there is provided a system 10 and method for installing and / or uninstalling ball joints using the fitting apparatus 30.

[0139] The system 92 comprises one or more fitting apparatus 30 as previously described and means 94 for operating the fitting apparatus 30 from a location spaced apart (a remote location) from the fitting apparatus 30. In a particular arrangement, the means 94 for operating the fitting apparatus 30 comprises at least (1 ) a hydraulic system 96 having a hydraulic fluid reservoir 98 fluidly connected to the actuator 34 via a hydraulic hose 100, (2) pump means 102 for delivering the hydraulic fluid to the actuator 34 and (3) control means 104 for operating the pump means 102.

[0140] Operating of the pump means 102 include (1 ) providing the hydraulic fluid to the actuator 34 to apply force to the stud 28 for removal from the socket 22 and (2) stopping the flow of the hydraulic fluid after removal of the stud 28 or if application of the force for removing the stud 28 needs to be stopped due to any unforeseen event occurring at the location of the particular fitting apparatus 30 that is being operated.

[0141] Further, the control system 104 are operatively connected to the hydraulic system 96 and the fitting apparatus 30 permitting control as well as monitoring of the stud removal process.

[0142] The control system 104 may comprise monitoring means 112 such as sensors and video cameras to permit monitoring of the fitting apparatus 30 during the stud removal process.

[0143] In a particular arrangement, the system 92 is configured to permit actuating the fitting apparatus 30 at a remote location outside the confided space including the steering components. In this particular arrangement, the hydraulic system is located at a remote location from the fitting apparatus 30 and operatively connected to the fitting apparatus via the hydraulic hose extending from the hydraulic fluid reservoir to the actuator 37. The control system 104 is adapted to interact (via wires or wireless through for example the internet or Bluetooth connection) with an interface 106 (such as computer hardware devices 108 - such as laptops, tablets or PCs and / or mobilephones 110) to permit the operator to interact remotely with the system 92 for operating the fitting apparatus 30.

[0144] Figures 15 to 33 and 37 to 40 show a second arrangement of fitting apparatus according to the present embodiment of the invention. The fitting apparatus 30 shown in figures 15 to 33 and 37 to 40 is similar to the fitting apparatus according to the first arrangement of fitting apparatus shown in figures 3 to 14 and similar reference numerals are used to identify similar parts.

[0145] The second arrangement of fitting apparatus 30 comprises a frame member 32 configured for mounting the cylinder assembly 36 onto the frame member 32 (as shown in figure 24 and 25) after the frame member 32 has been mounted onto the socket 22 (as shown in figure 19).

[0146] Furthermore, the frame member 32 permits mounting the hydraulic assembly 36 to the frame member 32 from the rear 125 of the fitting apparatus 30. This is possible because (compared to the frame member 32 of the first arrangement of the fitting apparatus 30) the fastening end 40 of the second arrangement of the fitting apparatus 30 has the access point (the opening for receiving the hydraulic assembly 36) facing the opposite direction than the access point of the receiving end 40 (the opening for receiving the socket 22). This is in contrast with the first arrangement of fitting apparatus of figures 3 and 4 depicting the first arrangement of the fitting apparatus 30 where both access points for receiving the hydraulic assembly 36 and the socket 22 face the same direction.

[0147] It is particularly advantageous that the hydraulic cylinder assembly 36 may be mounted from the rear 125. This is because the operator typically stands facing the rear 125 of the fitting apparatus 30 whilst installing the fitting apparatus 30 to the socket. This design also allows for dividing the tooling into manageable modules (e.g. body and hydraulic cylinder sub-assembly 36, as shown in figure 15) to meet mine site Manual Handling requirements.

[0148] Further, the receiving end 42 (for receiving the socket 22) for the first and second arrangements of fitting apparatus 30, comprises viewing slots 129a and 129b. However, in the second arrangement, the viewing slot 129a (see figures 16 and 19) has been configured for receiving a fastening end 136 of a body retainer 128.

[0149] The body retainer 128 is a security and safety feature, which is configured for attachment to the pin 20 and to the frame member 32 as can be seen in figures 17 to 19. This arrangement impedes the frame member 32 from slipping off from the socket 22 during operation of the fitting apparatus 30. In this respect, the insert 64 (also referred to as the guide sleeve 64) and the safety capsule 68 have been configured to receive the body retainer 128 as shown in figures 17 and 18.

[0150] The body retainer 128 comprises a ring 131 with an extension 133. The ring131 is adapted to be attached to the pin 20 / socket 22 such that the extension 133 may traverse the viewing slot 129. The end of the extension 133 comprises a tap 135, which may be rotated to either secure the fitting apparatus 30 to the pin 20 / socket 22 or permit removing the fitting apparatus 30 from the pin 20 / socket 22.

[0151] Referring now to figure 16, the frame member 32 comprises the fastening end 42 for receiving the hydraulic cylinder assembly 36 (as shown in figure 24 and 25), and a receiving end 40 for receiving the socket 22 (as shown in see figure 19).

[0152] In contrast, when compared to the first arrangement of fitting apparatus 30, as shown in figure 16, the fastening end 42 comprises now an access point 128a at the rear of the fastening end 42 for receiving the cylinder assembly 36. Further, the top 130 of the frame members 32 comprises a horseshoe shaped opening defining an opening132 for receiving the first and second fastening collars 138 as shown in figure 25.

[0153] The actuator 37 comprises the hydraulic cylinder 36 and a fastening unit 134 comprising first and second fastening collars 138a and 138b configured for securing the cylinder assembly 36 to the frame member 32 and receiving the stud of the pin 20.

[0154] As shown in figure 28, the first fastening collar 138a is attached to the cylinder of the cylinder assembly 36 and the second fastening collar 138b is attached to the piston of the cylinder assembly 36.

[0155] In particular, in the installation condition, the second fastening collar 138b is inserted in the opening 132 (see figure 16) of the frame member 32 for attaching the cylinder assembly 36 to the frame member 32.

[0156] In the uninstallation condition, the first fastening collar 138a is inserted in theopening 132 (see figure 16) of the frame member 32 for attaching the cylinder assembly 36 to the frame member 32 and the second fastening collar 138b for receiving the stud of the pin 20 - see for figure 25.

[0157] Figures 20 to 23 depict fastening collars 138a and 138b.

[0158] The first fastening collar 138a is configured for attachment to the cylinder assembly 36 permitting attachment of the cylinder assembly 36 to the frame member 32. In particular, the first fastening collar 138a comprises at least one groove 140a for sliding the first fastening collar 138a into the opening 132 permitting securing the cylinder assembly 36 to the frame member 32.

[0159] The first fastening collar 138a shown in the figures comprises a plurality of grooves 140a and 140b to accommodate variations between the stud lengths of the pin 20. For example, the studs of the CAT 785 and 789 / 793 mining trucks have difference lengths with respect to each other. Depending on the length of the stud of the pin 20 either of the grooves 140a or 140b are used for attaching the cylinder assembly 36 to the frame member 32 by sliding the free sides 142a and 142b (see figure 16) of the horseshoe shaped top 130 into the grooves 40 as shown in figures 24 and 25.

[0160] The second fastening collar 138b comprises at least one groove 140c for sliding the first fastening collar 138a into the opening 132 permitting securing the cylinder assembly 36 to the frame member 32. The second fastening collar 138b also comprises a ridge 166 extending upward from the upper surface 167 for receiving the distal end of the stud of the pin as shown in figures 22.

[0161] The second fastening collar 138b has been configured to freely rotate when mounted to the cylinder assembly 36. This facilitates installation because the hydraulic cylinder assembly 36 may be oriented for fitting to fitting apparatus 30 once the second fastening collar 138b has been attached to the frame member 32.

[0162] Further, the internal bore profile and tolerances of the fastening collar 138b have been configured and additional components added, to prevent it twisting due to the internal spring tension during piston extension and retraction.

[0163] Moreover, the fastening collars 138a and 138b comprise side slots 170 inboth sides permitting engagement of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder assembly 36 with the distal end of the stud of the pin 20.

[0164] The fastening collars 138a and 138b have been made symmetrical along the azimuthal angle. In this manner, the hydraulic cylinder assembly 36 can be installed into the frame member 32 in a plurality of directions, such as either cylinder hose connection forward or backward, as required to suit access for connecting with the source of hydraulic fluid.

[0165] Also, indicating grooves 168 were added on the collar and body for visual indication that the stud of the pin is aligned to the location / locking slot in the cylinder mount collar plate. The additional indicating grooves 168 provide visual confirmation that the assembly is correctly aligned and locked securely in position.

[0166] Moreover, the fitting apparatus 30 comprises handles 140. In the particular arrangement of the figures 15 to 25, the handles 141 comprise angled V-shaped handles 141 providing ergonomic handling when an operator is located underneath a truck. As shown in the figures the open V is angled towards the operator, providing comfort and optimised balance. When switching from assembly to disassembly (rotating the tool 180deg), the operator is presented with the perfect hand position. This shape is particularly advantageous because it provides more comfort as to compared to convention straight handles.

[0167] This is particularly advantageous because no matter in which orientation the fitting apparatus 30 is manoeuvred into, the angle enables the operator to support and lift fitting apparatus 30 into and out of position with better control and comfort. Additionally, the handles have been strategically positioned around the centre of mass for balance.

[0168] Referring now to figures 26 to 33, figures 26 to 33 illustrate operation of the fitting apparatus 30 for disassembling a pin 20 from an eye 21 . In the arrangement shown in these figures, the fitting apparatus 30 comprises a second arrangement of a safety capsule 69. As mentioned before, the safety capsule 69 is configured for containment of the bearing 23 and the ball 26 avoiding ejection of parts of bearing 23 and / or the ball 26.

[0169] The capsule 69 is configured to provide an indication in which stage the process for disassembling the pin 20 from the eye 21 is currently in. For this, the safety capsule 69 comprises an indication assembly 146 (see figures 26 and 27) having indication signage 148 indicating operators during the disassembly process at which stage the disassembly process currently is in.

[0170] In particular, the process of disassembly of the pin 20 from the eye 21 comprises several stages starting from:(a) the first stage is mounting the fitting apparatus 30 onto eye 21 whilst the pin 20 is within the eye 21 as shown in figures 26 and 27 with the indication signage 148 indicating operators that the ball 26 and bearings 23 of the pin 20 are still fully inserted in the eye 21 ;(b) the second stage is releasing of the ball 26 and bearings 23 from the eye 21 with the indication signage 148 indicating operators that the ball 26 and bearings 23 of the pin 20 have been released from the eye 21 as shown in figure 29;(c) the third stage is removing of the ball 26 and bearings 23 from the eye 21 with the indication signage 148 indicating operators that the ball 26 and bearings 23 of the pin 20 have been removed from the eye 21 as shown in figure 31 ; and(d) the fourth stage is maximum displacement of the ball 26 and bearings 23 after having been removed from the eye 21 with the indication signage 148 indicating operators that the ball 26 and bearings 23 of the pin 20 have reached the maximum displacement as shown in figure 33.

[0171] Figures 34 and 35 are, respectively, a perspective and a cutaway view of a second arrangement of the safety capsule 69.

[0172] Similar to the first arrangement of capsule 68 shown in figures 12, 13 and 18, the capsule 69 comprises a proximal end 70 and a distal end 72. In the particular arrangement shown in the figures, the distal end 72 comprises a flange 74 surrounding the distal end 72. The flange 74 extends (perpendicularly and away from the capsule69) at a particular location being spaced from the end edge of the distal end 72.

[0173] Further, the capsule 69 shown in figures 34 and 35 comprises a cylindrical body defined by a side wall 73. As shown in figure 35, the side wall 73 extends further beyond the flange 74 defining a skirt 76 as can be seen in figure 35.

[0174] As mentioned in connection with figure 11 , the skirt 76 reaches into the groove 78 defined between (1 ) the inner surface 80 of the socket 22 defining the eye 21 and (2) the proximal curved surface 82 of the ball 26. In this manner, the capsule 68 is secured to the socket 22 impeding the capsule 69 from moving laterally along the surface 84 of the socket 22 on which the capsule 69 is mounted.

[0175] Further, the flange 74 comprises an extension 133 extending from the flange 74 away from the side wall 73. The end of the extension 133 comprises a tap 135, which may be rotated to either secure the fitting apparatus 30 to the pin 20 / socket 22 or permit removing the fitting apparatus 30 from the pin 20 / socket 22.

[0176] As described before in connection with respect the body retainer 128 shown in figures 17 to 19, the extension 133 may traverse the viewing slot 1 9. The tap 135, may be rotated to either secure the fitting apparatus 30 to the pin 20 / socket 22 or permit removing the fitting apparatus 30 from the pin 20 / socket 22.

[0177] As mentioned before, the second arrangement of capsule 69 comprises an indication assembly 146. Figure 35 is a cutaway view showing the interior of the capsule 69 to illustrate the interior of the indication assembly 146 and how it operates.

[0178] As shown in figure 35, the indication assembly 146 comprises a plunger 149 having the indication signage 148 and is configured for moving within the capsule 69.By the plunger 149 selectively moving between a bottom condition and an upper condition, the plunger 149, via the indication signage 148, indicates the operators at which stage of the disassembly process currently is in.

[0179] The plunger 148 comprises a piston 150 and a rod 152. The piston 150 comprises the indication signage 148 and is configured for receiving the upper surface of the ball 26 as shown in, for example, figure 33. due the movement of the ball 26 of the pin 20 as it is released and removed from the eye 21 , the plunger 149 movestogether with the pin 20. In this manner, the location of the indication signage 148 (which moves with the piston 150) provides an indication to the operators at which location (its height) within the capsule 69 is located the pin 20, in particular the ball 26 of the pin 20.

[0180] Further, the particular arrangement of the indication assembly 146 shown in figures 34 and 35, comprises a cylinder 154 adapted to receive the rod 152 for guiding of the movement of piston 150. A spring 156 may be contained within the cylinder for biasing the piston 150 towards distal end of the capsule 69. The cylinder 154 extends from the proximal end 70 of the capsule 69 away therefrom.

[0181] Referring now to figure 34, the sides wall 73 of the capsule 69 comprises one or more slots 156 permitting the indication signage 148 to at least partially reach out of the capsule 69 to be visualised by the operators to indicate at which stage of the disassembly process currently is in.

[0182] Referring now to figures 36 to 40, these figures show how the fitting apparatus 30 may be used for removing pins 20 of different lengths. This is done by locating spacers 156 of different heights between the upper surface 167 of the collar 138b (see figure 22) and the distal end of the stud of the pin 20. In this manner, it is possible to remove a pins 20 having different lengths with respect to each other.

[0183] Figure 36 shows a particular arrangement of a spacer 156. The spacer 156 comprises a body having a proximal end 160 and a distal end 162.

[0184] The proximal end 160 is adapted to receive the screwed end of the pin 20. The distal end 162 is configured to be received by the fastening unit 134 which attaches the hydraulic cylinder assembly 36 to the frame member 32 of the fitting apparatus 32.

[0185] The distal end comprises a cavity 164 configured for receiving the fastening collar 138b (see figure 20) comprising a semi-circular ridge 166 for receiving the end of the stud of the pin 20 as can be seen in figure 37.

[0186] Figures 37 to 40 illustrate one of the spacers 156 in operation during disassembly of a pin 20 from an eye 21 .

[0187] Modifications and variations as would be apparent to a skilled addressee aredeemed to be within the scope of the present invention.

[0188] Further, it should be appreciated that the scope of the invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments disclosed.

[0189] Throughout this specification, unless the context requires otherwise, the word “comprise” or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising”, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers but not the exclusion of any other

Claims

CLAIMS1 . A fitting apparatus for installing or uninstalling a pivot joint defined by a ball of a pin and a socket for receiving the ball, the fitting apparatus comprising a frame member adapted to be attached to the socket, an actuator adapted to apply a force to the pin, and a fastening unit adapted to be attached to the frame member, the fastening unit being adapted for attaching the actuator to the frame member for applying a force to the pin to either instal or uninstall the pivot joint.

2. A fitting apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the fastening unit is adapted for selectively attaching the actuator to the frame member in a plurality of manners for applying a force to the pin to either instal or uninstall the pivot joint.

3. A fitting apparatus according to claims 1 or 2 wherein the fastening unit comprises a plurality of fastening collars attached to the actuator, the actuator comprising a cylinder assembly having a cylinder, and a piston having an end for applying the force.

4. A fitting apparatus according to claim 3 wherein there are first and second fastening collars configured for securing the cylinder assembly to the frame member and receiving the stud of the pin.

5. A fitting apparatus according to claims 3 or 4 wherein the first fastening collar is attached to the cylinder of the cylinder assembly, and the second fastening collar is attached to the piston of the cylinder assembly, permitting movement of the first and second fastening collars with respect to each other.

6. A fitting apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 5 wherein the fastening collars comprise one or more grooves to accommodate variations between the stud lengths of the pin.

7. A fitting apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 6 wherein the fastening collars have been configured to freely rotate when mounted to the hydraulic cylinder piston permitting orienting the hydraulic cylinder assembly once the fastening collar has been attached to the frame member.

8. A fitting apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 7 wherein the fastening collars are configured symmetrically along the azimuthal angle.

9. A fitting apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 8 wherein each fastening collar comprises at least one groove indenting into the side of the fastening collars for receiving a u-shaped flange of an opening fastening end of the frame member.

10. A fitting apparatus according to any one of claims 4 to 9 wherein the second fastening collar comprises an upper surface configured for receiving the pin during application of the force.

11. A fitting apparatus according to claim 10 wherein the upper surface comprises a ridge.

12. A fitting apparatus according to claims 10 or 11 wherein a spacer is provided configured to be received by the upper surface to accommodate variations between the stud lengths of the pin.

13. A fitting apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the spacer comprises a cavity for receiving the upper ridge of the second fastening collar.

14. A fitting apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims wherein any one of the preceding claims wherein the frame member comprises a receiving end adapted for receiving the socket, and a fastening end adapted for fixing the actuator to the frame member.

15. A fitting apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims wherein there is provided a body retainer comprising a ring for attachment to the pin, the ring comprising an extension with a tag adapted to rotate.

16. A fitting apparatus according to claims 14 or 15 wherein the receiving end comprises spring-loaded locking pin for releasably attaching the actuator to the receiving end.

17. A fitting apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the frame member comprises a body configured as a first semi-cylindrical niche from which a second semi-cylindrical niche extends substantially perpendicularly such that the longitudinal axis of both semi-cylindrical niches coincides.

18. A fitting apparatus according to claim 17 wherein the first semi-cylindrical niche defines the receiving end comprising an open side and closed curved side configured for snugly receiving the socket.

19. A fitting apparatus according to claim 18 wherein the closed curved side comprises an opening for receiving the tag of the extension of the body retainer.

20. A fitting apparatus according to any one of claims 17 to 19 wherein the second semi-cylindrical niche comprises the fastening end.21 . A fitting apparatus according to any one of claims 17 to 20 wherein second semi- cylindrical niche comprises two open sides permitting installation of the actuator from both sides of the second semi-cylindrical niche.

22. A fitting apparatus according to any one of claims 17 to 21 wherein in the uninstallation mode, the cylinder assembly is attached to the fastening end in such a manner that the piston travels along the second semi-cylindrical niche towards the receiving end for applying the force to the ball of the pivot joint located within the receiving end of the frame member.

23. A fitting apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 22 wherein in the installation mode, the cylinder assembly is attached to the fastening end in such a manner that the cylinder is located within the second semi-cylindrical niche applying the force to the ball of the pivot joint located within the receiving end of the frame member.

24. A fitting apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the fastening end and the receiving end of the frame member comprises, respectively, open ends (referred to as access points) for, respectively, receiving the actuator, and the socket with the ball of the pin.

25. A fitting apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 24 wherein the access point of the fastening end for receiving the actuator faces opposite to the access point of the receiving end for receiving the socket.

26. A fitting apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims wherein an upper open end at the receiving end provides a clearance permitting for the ejection of the ball.

27. A fitting apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the frame member comprises handles.

28. A fitting apparatus according to claim 27 wherein the handles comprise angled V- shaped handles.

29. A fitting apparatus according to claims 27 or 28 wherein the V-shaped handles are configured so that the open V is angled towards the operator, providing comfort and optimised balance.

30. A fitting system for installing a pivot joint defined by a ball of a pin and a socket for receiving the ball, wherein the fitting system comprises a fitting apparatus as defined in any one of claim 1 to 29 and an insert adapted to be mounted in the socket defining a circular barrier extending perpendicularly from the socket for surrounding the ball during installation of the pivot joint.31 . A fitting system according to claim 30 wherein the insert is configured for resting on the ball.

32. A fitting system according to claims 30 or 31 the insert comprises a lip extending perpendicularly from the inner surface of the edge of the insert facing the ball, the lip resting on the upper surface of the ball when the insert is mounted onto the ball.

33. A fitting system according to claims 30 or 32 wherein the insert comprises an O- ring abutting the inner surface of the insert to provide resistance to bearing surrounding the ball.

34. A fitting system according to any one of claims 30 to 33 wherein the bearing comprises split shell bearing.

35. A safety capsule for attachment to a fitting apparatus as defined in claims 1 to 29, the safety capsule configured for containment of a ball of a pin and bearings surrounding the ball avoiding ejection of parts of bearing and / or the ball at extraction of pin from an eye during uninstallation mode.

36. A safety capsule according to claim 35 wherein the capsule comprises a proximal end and a distal end, the distal end comprises a flange surrounding the distal end.

37. A safety capsule according to claim 36 in operation, the flange is sandwiched between the frame member and the surface of the socket impeding vertical movement of the capsule during the uninstallation process of the pivot joint.

38. A safety capsule according to any one of claims 35 to 37 wherein the capsule further comprises a skirt.

39. A safety capsule according to claim 38 wherein the skirt reaches into a groove defined between (1 ) the inner surface of the socket and (2) the proximal curved surface of the ball.

40. A safety capsule according to any one of claims 35 to 39 wherein the capsule comprises an indication assembly having indication signage indicating operators during the disassembly process at which stage the disassembly process currently is in.41 . A safety capsule according to claim 40 wherein the indication assembly comprises a plunger having indication signage, the plunger being configured for moving within the capsule.

42. A safety capsule according to claim 41 wherein the plunger comprises a piston and a rod, the piston comprises the indication signage and is configured for receiving the upper surface of the ball.

43. A safety capsule according to claim 42 wherein the indication assembly comprises a cylinder adapted to receive the rod of the plunger for guiding the movement of the piston.

44. A safety capsule according claim 43 wherein a spring is contained within the cylinder for biasing the piston towards distal end of the capsule.

45. A safety capsule according to any one of claims 40 to 44 wherein the capsule comprises one or more slots permitting the indication signage to at least partially reach out of the capsule to be visualised by the operators to indicate at which stage the disassembly process currently is in.

46. A safety capsule according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the capsule comprises a cylindrical body defined by a side wall, the side wall having a flange extending away from the side wall and surrounding the side wall, and a skirt to be received within the groove defined by the socket and the ball of the pin.

47. A safety capsule according to claim 46 wherein the flange comprises an extension extending from the flange away from the side wall, the extension having a tap adapted to rotate to either secure the fitting apparatus to the socket or permit removing the fitting apparatus from the socket48. A fitting system for uninstalling a pivot joint defined by a ball of a pin, and a socket for receiving the ball surrounded by a bearing, wherein the fitting system comprises a fitting apparatus as defined in any one claims 1 to 29, 30 to 34, and a safety capsule as defined in any one claims 35 to 47.

49. A method for installing a pivot joint using the system as defined in any one of claims 30 to 34, the pivot joint comprising a socket having an eye, and a pin having a ball and an end opposite to the ball for insertion in the socket, wherein the method comprises the step of: defining a barrier using the insert for surrounding the ball prior installation of the pivot joint; mounting the pin onto the socket so that the ball and barrier rests on the eye; mounting the frame member on the socket such that the fastening end of the frame member is located opposite to the end of the pin, which is located outside of the frame member; inserting the cylinder assembly into the frame member and attaching it thereto such that the cylinder moves towards the receiving end of the frame member; actuating the actuator for applying a force to the ball until the ball is inserted into the eye of the socket defining the pivot joint.

50. A method according to claim 50 wherein the step of defining the barrier comprises surrounding the ball with the insert.51 . A method according to claims 49 or 50 the ball has been surrounded by the bearing prior surrounding the ball with the insert.

52. A method according to any of claims 49 to 51 the actuator is attached to the fastening end of the frame member by attaching the second fastening collar to the fastening end of the frame member.

53. A method for uninstalling a pivot joint using the system as defined in claim 48, the pivot joint comprising a socket having an eye and a pin having an end and a ball opposite to the end, the ball being inserted in the socket, wherein the method comprises the step of: mounting the frame member onto the socket such that the lower section of the pin with its end are located within the frame member; mounting the actuator onto the fastening end of the frame member such that the actuator is located outside the frame member hanging from the fastening end of the frame member; and actuating the actuator for applying a force to the end of the pin until the ball is ejected from the eye of the socket uninstalling the pivot joint.

54. A method according to claim 53 wherein prior mounting of the frame member onto the socket, the capsule is mounted on the socket such that the capsule may receive the ball and bearing after uninstallation of the pivot joint.

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