Hose

Abstract

This hose comprises: an inner tube; a plurality of reinforcement layers laminated on an outer surface of the inner tube; and an outer surface layer formed on a surface of the plurality of reinforcement layers. The plurality of reinforcement layers are constituted by a combination of a wire reinforcement layer, which uses a single wire as a metal reinforcement material, and a steel cord reinforcement layer, which uses a steel cord formed by twisting a plurality of filaments as a metal reinforcement material. The plurality of reinforcement layers include outer reinforcement layers closer to the outer surface layer, and inner reinforcement layers closer to the inner tube. At least the innermost inner reinforcement layer among the inner reinforcement layers, or at least the outermost outer reinforcement layer among the outer reinforcement layers, is constituted by the wire reinforcement layer.

Description

hose

[0001] The present disclosure relates to hoses.

[0002] High-pressure hoses that are flexible and resistant to high pressure are used in construction machinery, machine tools, automotive power steering, measuring instruments, and the like.

[0003] High-pressure hoses generally consist of an inner rubber layer surrounded by multiple reinforcing layers, often made of solid wire, solid steel filament, or fibers such as nylon or polyester.

[0004] Steel cord, which requires time and effort to twist steel filaments, has not been commonly used as a reinforcing material for high-pressure hoses, due in part to the fact that high strength and flexibility are not required to the same extent as in tires.

[0005] However, hydraulic hoses used in construction machinery and the like are required to withstand even higher pressures as hydraulic systems have become increasingly pressure-sensitive in recent years.

[0006] High-pressure hoses require even higher pressure resistance, but there is a limit to how much strength and flexibility a single wire (steel filament) can provide. For this reason, it is desirable to use steel cords, which are made by twisting together steel filaments used to reinforce tires, in high-pressure hoses.

[0007] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-220290 describes an embodiment in which a layer of braided steel cords is used on the surface of a pressure-resistant reinforcing layer of a hose in order to suppress elongation in response to a tensile load.

[0008] Furthermore, International Publication WO2018 / 164082 describes an embodiment in which the winding directions of the steel cords in each layer are set in different directions to improve the impact resistance of the hose.

[0009] An object of the present disclosure is to prevent hose breakage while improving the pressure resistance of the hose compared to conventional techniques.

[0010] One aspect of the present disclosure is a hose comprising an inner pipe, a plurality of reinforcing layers laminated on the outer surface of the inner pipe, and an outer surface layer formed on the surface of the plurality of reinforcing layers, wherein the plurality of reinforcing layers are constituted by a combination of wire reinforcing layers using a single wire as a metal reinforcing material and steel cord reinforcing layers using a steel cord made of a plurality of filaments twisted together as a metal reinforcing material, and the plurality of reinforcing layers include an outer reinforcing layer closer to the outer surface layer and an inner reinforcing layer closer to the inner pipe, and at least the innermost inner reinforcing layer of the inner reinforcing layers or at least the outermost outer reinforcing layer of the outer reinforcing layers is constituted by the wire reinforcing layer.

[0011] According to the present disclosure, it is possible to improve the pressure resistance of the hose while suppressing breakage of the hose compared to conventional techniques.

[0012] FIG. 1 is a view showing the structure of a hose of a first embodiment, with a partially cutaway perspective view showing the internal state. FIG. 2 is a view showing the structure of a hose of a second embodiment, with a partially cutaway perspective view showing the internal state. FIG. 3 is a view showing the structure of a hose of a third embodiment, with a partially cutaway perspective view showing the internal state. FIG. 4A is a plan view of a steel cord. FIG. 4B is a transverse cross-sectional view of the steel cord. FIG. 4C is a plan view of a wire. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a hose of the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a hose of the second embodiment. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a hose of the third embodiment. FIG. 8A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view partially showing a state before a hose fitting is fixed to an end of the hose by crimping (caulking). FIG. 8B is a longitudinal cross-sectional view partially showing a state after a hose fitting is fixed to an end of the hose by crimping (caulking). FIG. 9 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the deformed state of a hose fixed to a hose fitting. FIG. 10 is a graph showing the pressure bearing rates of each of a plurality of reinforcing layers determined by simulation. FIG. 11A is a diagram illustrating Example 1. FIG. 11B is a diagram illustrating Example 1. FIG. 11C is a diagram illustrating Example 2. FIG. 11D is a diagram illustrating Example 3. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between strain ε and stress σ. FIG. 13A is a diagram illustrating how the pressure of a fluid flowing through a hose is transmitted in the radial direction of the hose. FIG. 13B is a diagram illustrating how the pressure of a fluid flowing through a hose is transmitted in the radial direction of the hose. FIG. 13C is a diagram illustrating how the pressure of a fluid flowing through a hose is transmitted in the radial direction of the hose. FIG. 13D is a diagram illustrating how the pressure of a fluid flowing through a hose is transmitted in the radial direction of the hose. FIG. 14A is a diagram illustrating the twist direction of filaments constituting a steel cord. FIG. 14B is a diagram illustrating the twist direction of filaments constituting a steel cord. FIG. 14C is a graph with the horizontal axis representing torsion and the vertical axis representing the relative value of breaking strength. FIG. 15A is a diagram illustrating the winding direction of a steel cord. FIG. 15B is a diagram illustrating the winding direction of a steel cord. Fig. 16A is a diagram used to explain the seventh embodiment, Fig. 16B is a diagram used to explain the sixth embodiment, and Fig. 17 is a diagram used to explain the sixth embodiment.FIG. 18 is a graph used to explain the seventh embodiment. FIG. 19A is a diagram used to explain the eighth embodiment. FIG. 19B is a diagram used to explain the eighth embodiment. FIG. 19C is a diagram used to explain the eighth embodiment. FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an information processing system. FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of an information processing device. FIG. 22 is a functional block diagram showing the functional configuration of an information processing device. FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an example of a trained neural network model. FIG. 24 is a flowchart showing learning processing. FIG. 25 is a flowchart showing estimation processing shown in FIG.

[0013] Hereinafter, an embodiment of a hose according to the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0014] (First embodiment)

[0015] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a hose 10 according to a first embodiment, with a portion cut away to show the internal state.

[0016] 4A and 4B show a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the steel cord 110, respectively, and FIG. 4C shows a plan view of the wire 120.

[0017] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the hose 10 of the first embodiment.

[0018] The hose 10 can be used in any application for passing high pressure fluid, such as hydraulic oil.

[0019] The hose 10 is composed of an inner tube 11, a plurality of (e.g., four) reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S laminated sequentially outward on the outer surface of the inner tube 11, and an outer surface layer 12 formed on the outer surfaces of these plurality of reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S.

[0020] The inner tube 11, the multiple reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, and the outer surface layer 12 are each arranged coaxially with the central axis 10C of the hose 10 in the longitudinal direction.

[0021] Intermediate layers 13, 14, and 15 are interposed between the plurality of reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S, respectively.

[0022] The inner pipe 11 is made of, for example, rubber, resin, etc., and a high-pressure fluid such as hydraulic oil flows through the inside of the inner pipe 11. The inner pipe 11 functions as a member that ensures airtightness of the flowing fluid.

[0023] The plurality of reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S function as members for retaining the pressure of the fluid.

[0024] The intermediate layers 13, 14, 15 are made of, for example, rubber, resin, adhesive, etc., and function as members that prevent wear due to contact between the reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S.

[0025] The outer surface layer 12 is made of, for example, rubber, resin, etc., and functions as a member that protects the reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S from the external environment and ensures the design of the hose 10.

[0026] The multiple reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S are composed of a combination of a wire reinforcing layer 120S using a single wire 120 as the metal reinforcing material and a steel cord reinforcing layer 110S using a steel cord 110 made by twisting together multiple (e.g., three) filaments 111 as the metal reinforcing material.

[0027] The plurality of reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S include an outer reinforcing layer 10U on the side closer to the outer surface layer 12 and an inner reinforcing layer 10L on the side closer to the inner tube 11.

[0028] The outer reinforcing layer 10U is configured to include a wire reinforcing layer 120S, and the inner reinforcing layer 10L is configured to include a steel cord reinforcing layer 110S.

[0029] In the wire reinforcing layer 120S, a single wire 120 is wound spirally along the longitudinal direction of the hose 10.

[0030] In the steel cord reinforcing layer 110S, the steel cord 110 is wound spirally along the longitudinal direction of the hose 10.

[0031] The outer reinforcement layer 10U is configured to include a pair of wire reinforcement layers (120S, 120S) in which the spiral directions of the wire 120 are different. The inner reinforcement layer 10L is configured to include a pair of steel cord reinforcement layers (110S, 110S) in which the spiral directions of the steel cord 110 are different. Here, "having different spiral directions" includes a mode in which the spiral directions are symmetrical with respect to an axis perpendicular to the central axis 10C of the hose 10 in the longitudinal direction.

[0032] 8A and 8B are partial longitudinal cross-sectional views showing the state before and after the hose fitting 20 is fixed to the end of the hose 10 by crimping (caulking), respectively.

[0033] The hose fitting 20 includes a core fitting 21 and a fastener 22 having a claw for fastening. The portion fastened by the fastener 22 is indicated by a dashed line K.

[0034] The claws of the fastener 22 bite into the outer surface layer 12 and the outermost reinforcing layer 4S of the hose 10, thereby fixing the hose 10 to the hose fitting 20.

[0035] FIG. 9 shows a longitudinal cross section of the hose 10 fixed to the hose fitting 20 in a deformed state.

[0036] FIG. 10 is a graph showing the pressure bearing ratios of the plurality of reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S obtained by simulation.

[0037] As shown in FIG. 10, when an internal pressure corresponding to a fluid pressure is applied to the hose 10, the pressure bearing rate tends to increase as the reinforcing layer is closer to the inside (2S, 1S).

[0038] Second Embodiment

[0039] Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the structure of the hose 10 of the second embodiment, with a portion cut away to show the internal state. Fig. 6 shows a cross section of the hose 10 of the second embodiment.

[0040] In the second embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations are omitted where appropriate, and only the parts that differ from the first embodiment are explained.

[0041] In the hose 10 of the second embodiment, the outer reinforcing layer 10U is configured to include a steel cord reinforcing layer 110S, and the inner reinforcing layer 10L is configured to include a wire reinforcing layer 120S. The rest of the configuration of the hose 10 is similar to that of the hose 10 of the first embodiment.

[0042] (Third embodiment)

[0043] Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the structure of a hose 10 according to a third embodiment, with a part broken away to show the internal state in a perspective view. Fig. 7 shows a cross section of the hose 10 according to the third embodiment.

[0044] In the third embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations are omitted where appropriate, and only the parts that differ from the first embodiment are explained.

[0045] In the hose 10 of the third embodiment, the outer reinforcing layer 10U is configured to include a steel cord reinforcing layer 110S, and the inner reinforcing layer 10L is configured to include a steel cord reinforcing layer 110S. The rest of the configuration of the hose 10 is similar to that of the hose 10 of the first embodiment.

[0046] (Effects common to the first, second and third embodiments)

[0047] By using the steel cord reinforcing layer 110S as the reinforcing layer of the hose 10, it is possible to impart high strength and flexibility to a high-pressure hose that requires even higher pressure resistance in response to such requirements.

[0048] (Effects of the first embodiment)

[0049] The effects of the first embodiment will be described.

[0050] In the hose 10 of the first embodiment, wire 120, which has a larger diameter than filament 111, is used as the reinforcing material for the outermost reinforcing layer 4S of the hose 10. Therefore, even if an external force caused by crimping by the claws of the fastener 22 acts on the outer surface layer 12 and the outermost reinforcing layer 4S of the hose 10, the possibility of breakage is lower than in a hose using steel cord with a smaller filament diameter in the outermost reinforcing layer. This allows the desired pressure resistance of the hose 10 to be maintained.

[0051] Thus, the hose 10 of the first embodiment can withstand external forces caused by crimping while ensuring high strength and flexibility, and can maintain pressure resistance.

[0052] (Effects of the second embodiment)

[0053] The effects of the second embodiment will be described.

[0054] In the hose 10 of the second embodiment, wire 120, which has a larger filament diameter and less elongation than steel cord 110, is used as the reinforcing material for the inner reinforcing layers 1S, 2S of the hose 10. Therefore, even if internal pressure corresponding to fluid pressure acts on the inner reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, which have a high pressure bearing rate, the possibility of breakage is lower compared to a hose using steel cord, which has a smaller filament diameter and greater elongation, in the innermost reinforcing layer. This allows the hose 10 to maintain its desired pressure resistance.

[0055] Thus, the hose 10 of the second embodiment can withstand high fluid pressure while ensuring high strength and flexibility, and can maintain pressure resistance.

[0056] (Modification of the first embodiment)

[0057] In the first embodiment, the outer reinforcing layers 4S, 3S are formed as a pair of wire reinforcing layers (120S, 120S) in which the spiral directions of the wires 120 are different.

[0058] However, this is just one example, and it is sufficient that at least the outermost outer reinforcing layer 4S is the wire reinforcing layer 120S. For example, the reinforcing layer 3S can be omitted, and a reinforcing layer structure of three layers 1S, 2S, and 4S can be used, with the outermost outer reinforcing layer 4S being the wire reinforcing layer 120S, and the inner reinforcing layers 1S and 2S including a pair of steel cord reinforcing layers (110S, 110S) in which the spiral directions of the steel cords 110 are different.

[0059] Alternatively, the reinforcement layer may be structured to have four layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S, with the outermost outer reinforcement layer 4S being a wire reinforcement layer 120S, and each of the reinforcement layers 1S, 2S, and 3S including a steel cord reinforcement layer 110S as an inner reinforcement layer.

[0060] Furthermore, six layers 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5S, and 6S can be laminated from the inside to the outside of the hose 10, with the outer reinforcing layers 6S and 5S being a pair of wire reinforcing layers (120S, 120S) in which the spiral directions of the wire 120 are different, and the inner reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S can be configured to include two pairs of steel cord reinforcing layers (110S, 110S), (110S, 110S) in which the spiral directions of the steel cord 110 are different.

[0061] Furthermore, in the case of a structure of six reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5S, and 6S, at least the outermost outer reinforcing layer 6S should be the wire reinforcing layer 120S.

[0062] Furthermore, in the case of a six-layer reinforcing layer structure of 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5S, and 6S, the outer reinforcing layers 6S and 5S can be a pair of wire reinforcing layers (120S, 120S) having wires 120 wound in different spiral directions, and the reinforcing layers 3S and 4S of the inner reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S can be configured to include a pair of steel cord reinforcing layers (110S, 110S) having steel cords 110 wound in different spiral directions, and the reinforcing layers 1S and 2S can be configured to include a pair of wire reinforcing layers (120S, 120S) having wires 120 wound in different spiral directions. Such a hose 10 can achieve the effects of both the first and second embodiments.

[0063] The same applies to the case where the hose 10 is configured to include seven or more reinforcing layers.

[0064] In addition, in the embodiment, the steel cord reinforcing layer 110S is formed by winding the steel cord 110 in a spiral shape, but the steel cord reinforcing layer 110S may also be formed by braiding the steel cord 110.

[0065] (Modification of the second embodiment)

[0066] In the second embodiment, the inner reinforcing layers 1S and 2S are a pair of wire reinforcing layers (120S, 120S) in which the spiral directions of the wire 120 are different.

[0067] However, this is just one example, and it is sufficient that at least the innermost inner reinforcing layer IS is the wire reinforcing layer 120S. For example, the reinforcing layer 2S may be omitted, and a reinforcing layer structure of three layers 1S, 3S, and 4S may be used, with the innermost inner reinforcing layer IS being the wire reinforcing layer 120S, and the outer reinforcing layers 4S and 3S being configured to include a pair of steel cord reinforcing layers (110S, 110S) in which the spiral directions of the steel cords 110 are different.

[0068] Alternatively, the reinforcement layer may be structured to have four layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S, with the innermost inner reinforcement layer 1S being a wire reinforcement layer 120S, and each of the reinforcement layers 4S, 3S, and 2S including a steel cord reinforcement layer 110S as an outer reinforcement layer.

[0069] Furthermore, six layers 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5S, and 6S can be laminated from the inside to the outside of the hose 10, with the inner reinforcing layers 1S and 2S being a pair of wire reinforcing layers (120S, 120S) in which the spiral directions of the wire 120 are different, and the outer reinforcing layers 6S, 5S, 4S, and 3S being two pairs of steel cord reinforcing layers (110S, 110S), (110S, 110S) in which the spiral directions of the steel cord 110 are different.

[0070] Furthermore, in the case of a structure of six reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5S, and 6S, at least the innermost inner reinforcing layer 1S should be the wire reinforcing layer 120S.

[0071] Furthermore, in the case of a six-layer reinforcing layer structure of 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5S, and 6S, the inner reinforcing layers 1S and 2S can be a pair of wire reinforcing layers (120S and 120S) having wires 120 wound in different spiral directions, and the reinforcing layers 4S and 3S of the outer reinforcing layers 6S, 5S, 4S, and 3S can be configured to include a pair of steel cord reinforcing layers (110S and 110S) having steel cords 110 wound in different spiral directions, and the reinforcing layers 6S and 5S can be configured to include a pair of wire reinforcing layers (120S and 120S) having wires 120 wound in different spiral directions. Such a hose 10 combines the effects of the first embodiment with the effects of the second embodiment.

[0072] The same applies to the case where the hose 10 is configured to include seven or more reinforcing layers.

[0073] In the second embodiment, the steel cord reinforcing layer 110S is formed by winding the steel cord 110 in a spiral shape, but the steel cord reinforcing layer 110S may also be formed by braiding the steel cord 110.

[0074] (Fourth embodiment)

[0075] The fourth embodiment can be implemented in combination with the other embodiments.

[0076] In the fourth embodiment, the same components as those in the other embodiments are given the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations are omitted where appropriate, and only the parts that differ from the other embodiments are explained.

[0077] The fourth embodiment can be combined with, for example, the third embodiment.

[0078] 13A and 13B show how the pressure of a fluid flowing through the hose 10 is transmitted in the radial direction of the hose 10. As shown in Figures 13A and 13B, the pressure acting on the innermost reinforcing layer 1S is transmitted to the adjacent outer reinforcing layer 2S via the reinforcing layer 1S.

[0079] 12 compares the characteristics LN1 and LN3 (hereinafter simply referred to as the characteristics) showing the relationship between the strain ε and the stress σ of a steel cord 110 and a wire 120 having similar strength. The steel cord 110 is characterized by a slower rise in the stress σ until it reaches the inflection point P1 compared to the wire 120, and by a larger strain ε value ε1.

[0080] (Comparative Example)

[0081] 13C conceptually shows the pressure sharing ratios of the reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S of the hose 10 of the comparative example. In the hose 10 of the comparative example, the steel cords 110 of the reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S have the same characteristic LN1.

[0082] In the steel cord 110, the stress σ rises slowly until it reaches the inflection point P1, and therefore the outer reinforcing layers (e.g., 3S and 4S) are unable to fully bear the pressure of the inner reinforcing layers (e.g., 1S and 2S). This increases the tendency for the stress applied to the inner reinforcing layers to be higher than that of the outer reinforcing layers. This increases the risk of the steel cord 110 prematurely breaking, starting from the inner reinforcing layers (e.g., 1S and 2S).

[0083] (Present embodiment)

[0084] In this embodiment, the outer reinforcing layer and the inner reinforcing layer of the hose 10 have different characteristics indicating the relationship between strain and stress of the steel cord 110. In the hose 10 of this embodiment, the inner reinforcing layers, for example, reinforcing layers 1S and 2S, have the characteristic shown by LN1 in Fig. 12, and the outer reinforcing layers, for example, reinforcing layers 3S and 4S, have the characteristic shown by LN2 in Fig. 12.

[0085] The inflection points of the characteristics LN1 and LN2 are denoted by P1 and P2, respectively, and the corresponding values ​​of the strain ε and stress σ are denoted by ε1, ε2, σ1, and σ2, respectively.

[0086] That is, the value ε2 of strain ε of the steel cords 110 of the outer reinforcing layers 3S, 4S until the predetermined stress σ2 corresponding to the inflection point P2 is reached is relatively smaller than the value ε1 of strain ε of the steel cords 110 of the inner reinforcing layers 1S, 2S until the predetermined stress σ1 corresponding to the inflection point P1 is reached. In other words, the steel cords 110 of the outer reinforcing layers 3S, 4S have a faster rise to the inflection point P2, and the strain of the outer reinforcing layers 3S, 4S becomes low.

[0087] FIG. 13D conceptually shows the pressure sharing ratios of the reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S of the hose 10 of this embodiment.

[0088] In this embodiment, the pressure sharing rates of the reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S are more equalized than those of the comparative example shown in Figure 13C. In the hose 10 of this embodiment, the outer reinforcing layers 3S and 4S are displaced toward the diameter reduction side, which facilitates pressure transmission to the adjacent outer reinforcing layers 3S and 4S via the inner reinforcing layers 1S and 2S, allowing the outer reinforcing layers to fully bear the pressure of the inner reinforcing layers. This alleviates the tendency for the inner reinforcing layers to be subjected to higher stress than the outer reinforcing layers, i.e., the tendency for the stress sharing rate to increase as the reinforcing layer becomes more inward, and the pressure sharing rate is equalized among the reinforcing layers. This prevents premature breakage of the steel cord 110 originating from the inner reinforcing layer.

[0089] The characteristics indicating the relationship between strain and stress of the steel cords 110 may be changed stepwise for each of the reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S. For example, as shown in Fig. 12, the characteristics of the steel cords 110 of the reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S may be changed stepwise to LN1, LN11, LN12, and LN2, respectively.

[0090] Below, examples of the fourth embodiment will be described.

[0091] Example 1

[0092] 11A and 11B are diagrams illustrating Example 1. Fig. 11A shows a cross section of a steel cord 110 in an outer reinforcing layer, for example, reinforcing layers 3S and 4S. Fig. 11B shows a cross section of a steel cord 110 in an inner reinforcing layer, for example, reinforcing layers 1S and 2S.

[0093] If the value of the ratio RS of the total cross-sectional area of ​​the filaments 111 to the cross-sectional area of ​​the circumscribed circle 110A of the steel cords 110 of the outer reinforcing layers 3S and 4S (referred to as the circumscribed cross-sectional area) is defined as RS1, and the value of the ratio RS of the steel cords 110 of the inner reinforcing layers 1S and 2S is defined as RS2, then:

[0094] RS1>RS2...(1)

[0095] There is a relationship between

[0096] By increasing the value of the ratio RS of the steel cord 110, it is possible to shift the characteristic indicating the relationship between strain and stress of the steel cord 110 from LN1 to LN2.

[0097] That is, the hose 10 of Example 1 is configured so that the value RS1 of the ratio RS of the steel cords 110 in the outer reinforcing layers 4S and 3S, which are closer to the outer surface layer 12 among the multiple reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S, is relatively larger than the value RS2 of the ratio RS of the steel cords 110 in the inner reinforcing layers 1S and 2S, which are closer to the inner tube 11. Specifically, the steel cords 110 in the outer reinforcing layers 4S and 3S may have a closed structure in which the gaps between the filaments 111 are closed by adjusting the twist of the filaments 111, for example, and the steel cords 110 in the inner reinforcing layers 1S and 2S may have an open structure in which the gaps between the filaments 111 are opened by adjusting the twist of the filaments 111, for example.

[0098] Example 2

[0099] In the first embodiment, the value of the ratio RS may be changed stepwise for each of the reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S.

[0100] For example, as shown in FIG. 11C, each of the reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S can be made of steel cords 110 in which the value of the ratio RS increases stepwise toward the outer side of the reinforcing layer.

[0101] Example 3

[0102] FIG. 11C shows a steel cord 110 in which a core filament 111C is disposed at the center or approximately the center when viewed in cross section.

[0103] By changing a steel cord 110 that does not have a core filament 111C into a steel cord 110 that has a core filament 111C, it is possible to shift the characteristic that indicates the relationship between strain and stress of the steel cord 110 from LN1 to LN2.

[0104] For example, each of the reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S can be constructed by using steel cords 110 in the outer reinforcing layers 3S and 4S that have core filaments 111C arranged therein, and steel cords 110 in the inner reinforcing layers 1S and 2S that do not have core filaments 111C arranged therein.

[0105] Example 4

[0106] By reducing the number of twists of the steel cord 110, it is possible to shift the characteristic showing the relationship between strain and stress of the steel cord 110 from LN1 to LN2.

[0107] For example, the number of twists of the steel cords 110 in the outer reinforcing layers 3S and 4S can be made smaller than the number of twists of the steel cords 110 in the inner reinforcing layers 1S and 2S to form each of the reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S.

[0108] Example 5

[0109] By reducing the number of filaments 111 that make up the steel cord 110, it is possible to shift the characteristic that indicates the relationship between strain and stress of the steel cord 110 from LN1 to LN2.

[0110] For example, each of the reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S can be constructed by making the number of filaments 111 constituting the steel cords 110 of the outer reinforcing layers 3S and 4S less than the number of filaments 111 constituting the steel cords 110 of the inner reinforcing layers 1S and 2S.

[0111] The above-described first to fifth embodiments may be combined as appropriate.

[0112] Furthermore, the following method can be used to equalize the contribution rate of each reinforcing layer.

[0113] - Adjust the reinforcing angle of each reinforcing layer and design the outer reinforcing layer so that it shrinks in diameter when pressurized.

[0114] - Change the material of the reinforcing layer.

[0115] - Change the filament diameter and wire diameter of the reinforcing material of each reinforcing layer.

[0116] - A single wire 120 is used for the outer reinforcing layer.

[0117] It is also possible to combine these methods for equalizing the pressure sharing rate of each reinforcing layer with each of Examples 1 to 5 as appropriate.

[0118] Fifth Embodiment

[0119] The fifth embodiment can be implemented in combination with each of the other embodiments.

[0120] In the fifth embodiment, the same components as those in the other embodiments are given the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations are omitted where appropriate, and only the parts that differ from the other embodiments are explained.

[0121] The fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 14A and 14B and FIGS. 15A and 15B.

[0122] 14A and 14B are diagrams illustrating the twist direction of the filaments 111 that make up the steel cord 110. FIG.

[0123] FIG. 14A shows a Z twist (left twist) and FIG. 14B shows an S twist (right twist).

[0124] As shown in FIG. 14A , when the filaments 111 of the steel cord 110 are twisted in a Z twist, the twist direction RZ of the filaments 111 is rightward relative to the axis of the steel cord 110 .

[0125] As shown in FIG. 14B , when the filaments 111 of the steel cord 110 are twisted in an S twist, the twist direction RS of the filaments 111 is leftward with respect to the axis of the steel cord 110 .

[0126] 15A and 15B are diagrams illustrating the winding direction of the steel cord 110. FIG.

[0127] FIG. 15A shows Z-winding (right-hand winding) and FIG. 15B shows S-winding (left-hand winding).

[0128] 15A , when the steel cord 110 is wound in a Z-winding manner around the central axis 10C of the hose 10 in the longitudinal direction, the winding direction VZ of the steel cord 110 is to the right of the central axis 10C of the hose 10 in the longitudinal direction. For example, the steel cord 110 is wound to the right of the central axis 10C of the hose 10 in the longitudinal direction at a static angle of 54.7°.

[0129] 15B , when the steel cord 110 is wound in an S-winding manner along the central axis 10C of the hose 10 in the longitudinal direction, the winding direction VS of the steel cord 110 is to the left of the central axis 10C of the hose 10 in the longitudinal direction. For example, the steel cord 110 is wound to the left of the central axis 10C of the hose 10 in the longitudinal direction at a static angle of 54.7°.

[0130] 15A and 15B, for the sake of explanation, the winding direction is shown as a representative example of one steel cord 110.

[0131] For example, the reinforcing layers 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S of the third embodiment are wound with the steel cord 110 in an S-winding, Z-winding, S-winding, and Z-winding pattern, respectively.

[0132] By adjusting the twisting directions RZ, RS of the steel cord 110 and the winding directions VZ, VR of the steel cord 110, the steel cord 110 can be twisted in a direction in which the twist of the filaments 111 is untwisted or in a direction in which the twist of the filaments 111 is tightened.

[0133] Here, twisting refers to a phenomenon in which the steel cord 110 is distorted by a force acting in the circumferential direction of the steel cord 110 .

[0134] The untwisting direction is the direction of twisting in the negative direction from the amount of twist (e.g., 0) previously imparted to the steel cord 110. The tightening direction is the direction of twisting in the positive direction from the amount of twist (e.g., 0) previously imparted to the steel cord 110.

[0135] In FIG. 14C, the horizontal axis represents the torsion (circumference / m) and the vertical axis represents the relative value of the breaking strength.

[0136] The unit of the horizontal axis (circles / m) is the amount of twist (twist rotation) of the steel cord 110 per meter.

[0137] Twisting occurs during the manufacturing process of spirally winding the steel cord 110. If twisting occurs in the steel cord 110, there is a risk that the breaking strength and breaking elongation will decrease.

[0138] In this embodiment, the amount of twist imparted to the steel cord 110 of the manufactured hose 10 is kept within a predetermined range, taking into account the twisting that occurs during the manufacturing process, thereby increasing the pressure resistance of the hose 10 and improving its durability.

[0139] Generally, the twist that occurs in the steel cord 110 when the steel cord 110 is wound is determined by the rotation direction of the braiding machine face plate.

[0140] The high-pressure hose 10 has multiple (mainly 2 to 8) reinforcing layers. Each reinforcing layer is wound in a spiral direction that is opposite to the adjacent reinforcing layer. Therefore, when considering twisting of the steel cord 110, it is necessary to adjust the amount of twist while paying attention to the spiral direction when winding.

[0141] In the hose 10 of this embodiment, the twist of the steel cords 110 in each reinforcing layer falls within a predetermined numerical range. The predetermined numerical range is set depending on the application and required performance of the hose 10. There are two twisting directions: a tightening direction in which the steel cords 110 are twisted further than the twist previously imparted to the steel cords 110, and an untwisting direction in which the steel cords 110 are loosened.

[0142] Example 6

[0143] Example 6 is a hose 10 twisted in a direction that tightens the twist. The hose 10 of Example 6 can flexibly respond to tensile loads, although there is a slight decrease in strength of the steel cords 110. Therefore, this is suitable when it is desired to improve the fluid response and vibration absorption of the hose 10.

[0144] When such required characteristics are required, it is desirable that the twist imparted to the steel cords 110 of the hose 10 be aligned in the direction in which the twist is tightened in each reinforcing layer.

[0145] Furthermore, the limiting amount of twist in the twist tightening direction differs depending on the structure of the steel cord 110. If the twist in the twist tightening direction exceeds the limiting twist value, the steel cord 110 may experience structural collapse, such as the generation of tight clumps.

[0146] Therefore, it is desirable to set the twist tightening limit of the steel cord 110 under conditions that do not cause structural collapse and do not cause a decrease in strength below 80% in relative strength, as shown in FIG. 14C.

[0147] When the steel cord 110 is taken out of the hose 10 and the twist in the direction in which the steel cord 110 is twisted and tightened is defined as Nf, Nf is given by

[0148] Nf<15 (times / m)...(2)

[0149] It is desirable that the value is within the range of

[0150] By adjusting the twisting directions RZ, RS of the steel cord 110 and the winding directions VZ, VR of the steel cord 110, the steel cord 110 can be twisted in the direction in which it is twisted tightly.

[0151] The steel cord 110 can be twisted by a desired amount in the direction of tightening the twist by adjusting the twist direction RS and winding direction VS of the steel cord 110. Also, the steel cord 110 can be twisted by a desired amount in the direction of tightening the twist by adjusting the twist direction RZ and winding direction VZ of the steel cord 110.

[0152] The twisting causes the steel cords 110 to shrink, which increases the change in the hose diameter when pressurized, which tends to improve vibration absorption when pressurized.

[0153] However, if too much twisting is applied in the tightening direction, the breaking strength will decrease, the pressure resistance will decrease, and lumps will occur.

[0154] In particular, the limit value at which structural collapse occurs is also affected by conditions such as the tension applied to the steel cord 110. For this reason, it is desirable to confirm the desired amount of twist through a prior evaluation that takes into account the actual conditions of use.

[0155] Example 7

[0156] On the other hand, by twisting the steel cord 110 in the untwisting direction, the flexibility of the steel cord 110 is improved and the inherent breaking strength of the steel cord 110 can be fully exerted. This makes it possible to provide a high-pressure, flexible hose 10 to the market. It is desirable to set the magnitude of the twist in the untwisting direction between the amount of twist previously provided in the steel cord 110 and zero.

[0157] However, even in the untwisting direction, structural collapse such as unraveling can occur. For this reason, even in the untwisting direction, it is desirable to confirm the desired amount of twist through a prior evaluation that takes into account the actual use conditions.

[0158] Furthermore, when twisting the steel cord 110 in the direction of untwisting, it is possible to know in advance the amount of twist that will occur during manufacturing and add extra twist to the steel cord 110 during manufacturing, taking that amount into account.

[0159] It is desirable to apply the untwisting twist to all of the steel cords 110 in each reinforcing layer depending on the application and required characteristics of the hose 10. However, in order to balance the product performance, it is also possible to apply both the tightening twist and the untwisting twist depending on each reinforcing layer.

[0160] When the steel cord 110 is taken out of the hose 10 and the twist in the direction in which the steel cord 110 untwists is defined as Nr, Nr is given by

[0161] Nr<15 (times / m)...(3)

[0162] It is desirable to keep it within the range of

[0163] The steel cord 110 can be twisted in the untwisting direction by adjusting the twisting direction RZ of the steel cord 110 and the winding direction VS of the steel cord 110. Furthermore, the steel cord 110 can be twisted in the untwisting direction by adjusting the twisting direction RS of the steel cord 110 and the winding direction VZ of the steel cord 110.

[0164] In the hose 10 of Example 7, the flexibility of the steel cord 110 is improved, and the flexibility of the hose 10 can be improved.

[0165] Furthermore, since the decrease in breaking strength due to the direction of untwisting is minimal, the pressure resistance of the hose 10 is ensured.

[0166] However, if too much twist is applied in the untwisting direction, there is a risk that the steel cord 110 will come apart. For this reason, it is desirable to limit the untwisting twist amount Nr to less than 15 (turns / m).

[0167] Sixth Embodiment

[0168] The sixth embodiment can be implemented in combination with each of the other embodiments.

[0169] In the sixth embodiment, the same components as those in the other embodiments are given the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations are omitted where appropriate, and only the parts that differ from the other embodiments are described.

[0170] The sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 16A, 16B and 17. FIG.

[0171] The steel cord 110 may be wound around the winding surface of the hose 10 in a state where the steel cord 110 is undulated.

[0172] 16B shows the relationship between the amplitude L of the swells 110W of the steel cord 110 occurring on the wound surface of the hose 10 and the wire diameter d of the steel cord 110. The ratio L / d of the amplitude L of the swells 110W to the wire diameter d of the steel cord 110 defines the area of ​​the hose wound surface per steel cord 110 where the swells 110W occur.

[0173] The upper diagram of Fig. 17 shows an ideal winding surface of the hose 10, without any undulations 110W of the steel cords 110. The number of steel cords 110 placed per unit length in the direction of the central axis 10C of the hose 10 on the ideal winding surface of the hose is defined as N (pieces).

[0174] The lower diagram of Fig. 17 shows the winding surface of the hose 10 where undulations 110W occur in the steel cords 110. The number of steel cords 110 per unit length in the direction of the central axis 10C of the hose 10 on the hose winding surface where the steel cords 110 with undulations 110W are wound is approximated to N x A (pieces). Here, A is

[0175] 0<A<1...(4)

[0176] is a coefficient in the range of

[0177] When swells 110W occur in the steel cord 110, the area of ​​the hose-wrapped surface per steel cord 110 increases (the coefficient A decreases and the ratio L / d increases), thereby reducing the placement density of the steel cord 110. As the placement density of the steel cord 110 decreases, the pressure resistance of the hose 10 decreases.

[0178] The relationship between the coefficient A and the ratio L / d for satisfying the standard value (100%) of the pressure resistance performance of the hose 10 was calculated, and the following was found:

[0179] 1<L / d≦1.25 (5)

[0180] 0.8<A≦1 (6)

[0181] It has become clear that the waviness 110W of the steel cord 110 should be suppressed so that the steel cord 110 is continuously braided on the winding surface of the hose 10 so as to satisfy the relationship.

[0182] In the hose 10 of this embodiment, the ratio L / d of the amplitude L of the swell 110W to the wire diameter d of the steel cord 110 is within the range of 1 < L / d ≦ 1.25, so that the standard value (100%) of pressure resistance performance is guaranteed.

[0183] Seventh Embodiment

[0184] The seventh embodiment can be implemented in combination with each of the other embodiments.

[0185] In the seventh embodiment, the same components as those in the other embodiments are given the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations are omitted where appropriate, and only the parts that differ from the other embodiments are explained.

[0186] The seventh embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 16A, 16B and 18. FIG.

[0187] The steel cord 110 may be wound around the winding surface of the hose 10 in a state where clumps have formed in the steel cord 110 .

[0188] The clumps are generated due to excessive twisting of the steel cord 110. The breaking strength and pressure resistance decrease depending on the number of clumps generated.

[0189] 16A shows the relationship between the length L in the wire width direction of the steel cord 110 at a location where a lump 110E occurs and the wire diameter d of the steel cord 110. The ratio L / d of the length L in the wire width direction of the lump 110E to the wire diameter d of the steel cord 110 defines the size of the lump 110E.

[0190] Fig. 17 is a graph showing the experimentally determined correlation LM between the number M (pieces / m) of agglomerates 110E and burst pressure P (%). The unit (pieces / m) means the number of agglomerates 110E per meter of steel cord 110. The burst pressure P (%) is the burst pressure measured in units of MPa converted into a percentage. A burst pressure P (%) of 80% or more was evaluated as meeting the standard value (100%).

[0191] The ratio L / d is

[0192] 1.25<L / d...(7)

[0193] Those satisfying the above criteria were counted as Dama 110E.

[0194] From FIG. 17, in order to ensure the standard value of the pressure resistance performance of the hose 10 (the burst pressure P (%) is 80% or more, the standard value (100%)), the number M of the clumps 110E is set as follows:

[0195] 0<M≦14 (pcs / m)...(8)

[0196] It can be seen that it is sufficient to keep it within the range of

[0197] In the hose 10 of this embodiment, the number M of the lumps 110E is within the range of 0 < M ≦ 14 (pieces / m), so it is expected that the standard value (100%) of pressure resistance performance will be guaranteed.

[0198] Eighth Embodiment

[0199] The eighth embodiment can be implemented in combination with each of the other embodiments.

[0200] In the eighth embodiment, the same components as those in the other embodiments are given the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations are omitted where appropriate. Only the parts that differ from the other embodiments will be described.

[0201] The eighth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

[0202] FIG. 19A shows the steel cord 110 wound around the winding surface of the hose 10.

[0203] During the manufacture of hose 10, the rubber layer of inner tube 11 is formed, for example, on a mandrel by an extruder, and the steel cords 110 of reinforcing layer 1S are continuously braided onto the wound surface of inner tube 11 by a braiding machine at a braiding angle close to the theoretical rest angle of 54.7° relative to the direction of central axis 10C of hose 10. The same applies to the other reinforcing layers 2S, 3S, and 4S.

[0204] (Comparative Example)

[0205] However, if the steel cord 110 is twisted or lumpy, the braiding angle may become smaller or larger than the desired braiding angle, and the desired braiding angle may not be obtained, resulting in a large change in the braiding angle.

[0206] 19B shows the braiding angle θ of the steel cord 110. The braiding angle θ is expressed as an angle of inclination relative to the direction of the central axis 10C of the hose 10.

[0207] If the braiding angle θ of the steel cords 110 is 40° or less, when pressure is applied to the hose 10, the hose diameter increases and the hose length contracts, but the changes in diameter and length are significantly large. As a result, the load increases locally at the locations where the braiding angle θ is 40° or less. When pressure is applied, each part of the hose 10 is displaced in the direction returning to the original angle, and this behavior becomes significant, which significantly increases the likelihood of wear of the rubber constituting the intermediate layers 13, 14, 15, etc., and of the steel cords 110 rubbing against each other.

[0208] Similarly, when the braiding angle θ of the steel cords 110 is 60° or more, when pressure is applied to the hose 10, the hose diameter contracts and the hose 10 elongates, but the changes in diameter and length are significantly large. As a result, the load increases locally at locations where the braiding angle θ is 60° or more. Since each portion of the hose 10 is displaced in the direction returning to the original angle when pressure is applied, similarly, wear of the rubber constituting the intermediate layers 13, 14, 15, etc. and rubbing between the steel cords 110 are significantly more likely to occur.

[0209] In this way, when the braiding angle θ of the steel cords 110 is 40° or less or 60° or more, the behavior of each part of the hose 10 when pressurized becomes significant, and once that threshold is reached, wear of the rubber and the like and friction between the steel cords 110 become significantly more likely to occur.

[0210] As a result, the pressure resistance of the hose 10 may not be maintained, and various parts may be damaged prematurely.

[0211] (Present embodiment)

[0212] In the hose 10 of this embodiment, the braiding angle θ of the steel cord 110 is

[0213] 40°<θ<60°...(9)

[0214] The braiding angle θ is adjusted so that it falls within the range of θ.

[0215] Therefore, even if the steel cord 110 is twisted, the pressure resistance of the hose 10 is not impaired, and the desired pressure resistance of the hose 10 can be maintained, while preventing premature breakage of each part of the hose 10. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the pressure resistance of the hose 10 can be improved and the durability of the hose 10 can be increased compared to the conventional technology.

[0216] FIG. 19C illustrates exemplary braiding angles θ1 and θ2 (where θ1<θ2) at arbitrary locations 110α and 110β of the steel cord 110 shown in FIG. 19A.

[0217] The difference θ2-θ1 between the braiding angles θ1 and θ2 at the respective locations 110α and 110β of the steel cord 110 is

[0218] 0°<θ2-θ1<5° (10)

[0219] It is desirable that the braiding angle θ is adjusted so that the braiding is performed within the range of θ.

[0220] In this way, by adjusting the braiding angle θ so that the difference θ2 - θ1 between the braiding angles θ1 and θ2 at each location 110α, 110β of the steel cord 110 falls within the range of 0° < θ2 - θ1 < 5°, it is possible to further suppress the deterioration of the pressure resistance performance of the hose 10.

[0221] The structure of the steel cord used in one embodiment of the present disclosure is not particularly limited. For example, the steel cord may have a 1×N structure (N is an integer of 2 or more) formed by twisting together N filaments, an M+N structure in which N sheath filaments (N is an integer greater than 1) are spirally twisted around M core filaments (M is an integer of 1 or more) (the core filaments may be twisted or bundled without twisting), or a multi-twist structure in which multiple 1×N or M+N structures are twisted together. It is also preferable that the cord be a monofilament that is pulled parallel to one another without being twisted.

[0222] The filaments constituting the above-mentioned steel cord satisfy the following formula: 4000-2000X≦Y≦4500-2000X, where X (mm) is the diameter of the filament and Y (MPa) is the tensile strength of the filament.

[0223] From the viewpoint of fatigue resistance, the hardness of the surface layer of the filament constituting the above-mentioned steel cord is preferably 90 to 110% of the hardness of the inner layer, and particularly preferably 100%. The hardness can be measured, for example, by Vickers hardness. The surface layer of the filament refers to the layer extending from the outermost surface to a depth of 0.01 mm, and the inner layer refers to the layer extending further inside. The hardness of the surface layer can be measured at a depth of 0.005 mm from the outermost surface, and the hardness of the inner layer can be measured at a depth of 0.04 mm or deeper.

[0224] The steel filaments constituting the above-mentioned steel cord may be steel filaments derived from recycled iron.

[0225] The raw material of the recycled iron is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include scrap iron, steel cords extracted from tires, etc. ２ From the viewpoint of reducing emissions, recycled iron obtained from an electric furnace (electric furnace steelmaking method) is preferred.

[0226] The steel filaments derived from recycled iron preferably have an N (nitrogen) element content of 60 ppm to 200 ppm by mass, a C (carbon) element content of 0.7 to 1.0% by mass, a Cu (copper) element content of 0.01 to 0.4% by mass, and a Cr (chromium) element content of 0.05 to 0.3% by mass. Such steel filaments can be produced using, as a raw material, general recycled iron having an N (nitrogen) element content of 60 ppm to 200 ppm by mass, a C (carbon) element content of 0.7 to 1.0% by mass, a Cu (copper) element content of 0.01 to 0.4% by mass, and a Cr (chromium) element content of 0.05 to 0.3% by mass. Such steel filaments do not require advanced refining during production, and therefore the production process is not complicated. Furthermore, such steel filaments can reduce energy consumption during production and also reduce CO２ This is also preferable from an environmental perspective, as it reduces emissions.

[0227] The steel filaments derived from recycled iron preferably contain iron as the main component and have an Fe (iron) element content of 98% by mass or more.

[0228] Ninth Embodiment

[0229] In this embodiment, an information processing system will be described as an example in which an information processing device is connected to a sensor attached to a hose via a communication line such as various networks in order to predict the life of the hose.

[0230] FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an information processing system.

[0231] 1, the information processing system according to this embodiment includes an information processing device 1000 and a sensor 2000. The information processing device 1000 and the sensor 2000 are connected via a network 3000 such as the Internet. However, the information processing device 1000 and the sensor 2000 do not necessarily need to be connected via the network 3000, and may be directly connected without going through the network 3000 using a wireless standard or the like.

[0232] The information processing device 1000 is a computer such as a server, and acquires data related to a prediction target and predicts the lifespan of the prediction target. In this embodiment, the prediction target is a hose 10 used in, for example, a work machine of a construction machine 2100 such as a hydraulic excavator. The sensor 2000 is attached to the hose 10.

[0233] The sensor 2000 acquires hose data including at least one of dynamic load data relating to the dynamic load on the hose 10 in response to the movement of the hose 10, temperature load data relating to the temperature load on the hose 10, and natural frequency data relating to the natural frequency of the hose 10.

[0234] The sensor 2000 is, for example, an acceleration sensor, and detects, as hose data, the acceleration of the hose 10 that sways in response to the operation of the construction machine 2100. The sensor 2000 also detects longitudinal or radial strain of the hose 200 as hose data. The sensor 2000 also detects the temperature of the hose 10. The temperature may be measured inside or outside the hose 10, or may be the temperature of a hose fitting 20 to which the hose 10 is attached. When the temperature is measured by the sensor 2000, the information processing device 1000 calculates an integrated or cumulative value of the temperature applied to the hose 10 as the temperature load applied to the hose 10, and acquires this as hose data. The integrated or cumulative value may be calculated or measured by the sensor 2000, rather than by the information processing device 1000. The sensor 2000 also detects, as hose data, the natural frequency of the hose 10 that sways in response to the operation of the construction machine 2100.

[0235] Next, the hardware configuration of the information processing device 1000 will be described.

[0236] FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of an information processing device.

[0237] 21 , the information processing device 1000 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 1010, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 1020, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 1030, a storage 1040, an input unit 1050, a display unit 1060, and a communication interface (communication I / F) 1070. The components are connected to each other via a bus 1080 so as to be able to communicate with each other.

[0238] The CPU 1010 is a central processing unit that executes various programs and controls each component. That is, the CPU 1010 reads programs from the ROM 1020 or storage 1040 and executes the programs using the RAM 1030 as a work area. The CPU 1010 controls the above components and performs various arithmetic processing in accordance with the programs recorded in the ROM 1020 or storage 1040.

[0239] The ROM 1020 stores various programs and various data. The RAM 1030 temporarily stores programs or data as a working area. The storage 1040 is configured with a hard disk drive (HDD) or a solid state drive (SSD), etc., and stores various programs including an operating system and various data. In this embodiment, the ROM 1020 or the storage 1040 stores an information processing program 1090 and a trained model 1100 for estimating the lifespan of the hose 10.

[0240] The input unit 1050 includes a pointing device such as a mouse and a keyboard, and is used to input various types of information. The display unit 1060 is, for example, a liquid crystal display, and displays various types of information. The display unit 1060 may employ a touch panel system and function as the input unit 1050.

[0241] The communication interface 1070 is an interface for communicating with other devices such as the sensor 220, and uses standards such as FDDI and Wi-Fi (registered trademark).

[0242] Next, the functional configuration of the information processing device 1000 will be described.

[0243] FIG. 22 is a functional block diagram showing the functional configuration of the information processing device.

[0244] As shown in FIG. 22 , the information processing device 1000 is functionally configured to include a collection unit 1510, a learning data storage unit 1520, a learning unit 1530, a model storage unit 1540, a reception unit 1550, and an estimation unit 1560.

[0245] The collection unit 1510 collects learning data that is a pair of past hose data and hose lifespan data corresponding to the past hose data. As described above, the hose data includes at least one of dynamic load data related to the dynamic load applied to the hose 10 in response to the movement of the hose 10, temperature load data related to the temperature load applied to the hose 10, and natural frequency data related to the natural frequency of the hose 10.

[0246] The dynamic load data, temperature load data, and natural frequency data can be acquired from a sensor 2000 attached to the hose 10 for learning. The collection unit 1510 further acquires lifespan data obtained as a result of continued use of the hose 10 to which the sensor 2000 that acquired at least one of the dynamic load data, temperature load data, and natural frequency data is attached. An example of the lifespan data is the length of time until the hose 10 is damaged or the length of time until the hose 10 is actually replaced after continued use.

[0247] The collection unit 1510 sets the thus acquired pairs of hose data and lifespan data as learning data. The collection unit 1510 may acquire learning data in which hose data and lifespan data are paired in advance, instead of acquiring the hose data and lifespan data individually.

[0248] The learning data storage unit 1520 stores a plurality of pieces of learning data collected by the collection unit 1510 .

[0249] The learning unit 1530 receives hose data as input and constructs a neural network model for estimating lifespan data corresponding to the hose data, based on multiple learning data. Hereinafter, the trained neural network model will be referred to as a trained model.

[0250] Specifically, the trained model takes as input data hose data including at least one of dynamic load data related to the dynamic load on the hose 10 in response to the movement of the hose 10, temperature load data related to the temperature load on the hose 10, and natural frequency data related to the natural frequency of the hose 10, and takes as output data lifespan data related to the lifespan of the hose 10 (see FIG. 23 ). Deep learning can be used as an example of a learning algorithm, and a neural network model is constructed such that when hose data of training data is input, lifespan data of the training data is output.

[0251] The reason why a neural network model can be constructed or trained in this way is that there is a certain correlation between the hose data and the life data.

[0252] Next, the correlation between the hose data and the life data will be described.

[0253] A case where the hose data includes dynamic load data will be described.

[0254] The dynamic load data represents dynamic loads, such as acceleration or strain, applied to the hose 10. The dynamic loads, such as acceleration or strain, applied to the hose 10 correlate with the deterioration of the rubber or resin contained in the hose 10. For example, as the rubber or resin deteriorates, the acceleration or strain decreases even if the hose 10 continues to be used in the same way. Furthermore, as the deterioration of the rubber or resin progresses, a change point appears, such as a decrease in the rate of change of acceleration. If left unattended, the hose 10 will develop a malfunction, such as a liquid leak, and the hose 10 will reach the end of its lifespan. Even if no malfunction, such as a liquid leak, actually occurs, the hose 10 is often replaced in consideration of the end of its lifespan. Thus, the dynamic load data correlates with the degree of deterioration of the hose 10, and therefore also correlates with the lifespan of the hose 10.

[0255] A case where the hose data includes temperature load data will be described.

[0256] The temperature load data represents the temperature load on the hose 10. The temperature load on the hose 10 is, for example, the integral value of the temperature applied to the hose 10. The greater the cumulative amount of temperature applied to the hose 10, the greater the deterioration of the rubber or resin contained in the hose 10. As the cumulative amount of temperature increases and the deterioration of the rubber or resin progresses, the hose 10 will eventually develop a defect such as a liquid leak, and the hose 10 will reach the end of its life. Note that even if no defect such as a liquid leak actually occurs, the hose 10 is often replaced in consideration of the end of its life. In this way, the temperature load data is correlated with the degree of deterioration of the hose 10, and therefore is also correlated with the life of the hose 10.

[0257] A case where the hose data includes natural frequency data will be described.

[0258] The natural frequency data represents the natural frequency of the hose 10 when it vibrates. The natural frequency of the hose 10 correlates with the deterioration of the rubber, resin, etc. contained in the hose 10. For example, the more the rubber or resin deteriorates, the higher the natural frequency becomes, even if the hose 10 continues to be used in the same way. As the deterioration of the rubber or resin progresses, a change point appears, such as a decrease in the rate of change of the natural frequency. If left unattended, the hose 10 will develop problems such as liquid leakage, and the hose 10 will reach the end of its life. Note that even if no liquid leakage actually occurs, the hose 10 is often replaced in consideration of the end of its life. In this way, the natural frequency data correlates with the degree of deterioration of the hose 10, and therefore also correlates with the lifespan of the hose 10.

[0259] The model storage unit 1540 stores the trained model.

[0260] The receiving unit 1550 receives hose data related to the hose 10 that is the subject of estimation. The hose data includes at least one of dynamic load data related to a dynamic load acting on the hose 10 in accordance with the movement of the hose 10 that is the subject of estimation, temperature load data related to a temperature load acting on the hose 10, and natural frequency data related to the natural frequency of the hose 10.

[0261] The estimation unit 106 uses the trained model stored in the model storage unit 1540 to estimate lifespan data corresponding to the hose data received by the reception unit 1550. The estimation unit 1560 can output the lifespan based on the estimated lifespan data to the screen of the display unit 1060 or another user terminal, for example, as the remaining usable period of the hose 10 being estimated or the replacement time of the hose 10 being estimated.

[0262] Next, specific processing performed by the information processing device 1000 configured as described above will be described.

[0263] First, in the information processing device 1000, the CPU 1010 reads out a learning program, which is part of the information processing program 1090, from the ROM 1020 or the storage 1040, loads it into the RAM 1030, and executes it, thereby performing the learning process shown in FIG.

[0264] In step S101 , the CPU 1010 functions as the collection unit 1510 to collect learning data, which is a pair of hose data and lifespan data corresponding to the hose data, and store the data in the learning data storage unit 1520 .

[0265] In step S102, the CPU 1010, as the learning unit 1530, inputs the hose data based on multiple learning data, constructs and learns a neural network model for estimating the lifespan data corresponding to the hose data, stores the model in the model memory unit 1540, and terminates the learning process.

[0266] Next, in the information processing device 1000, the CPU 1010 reads out an estimation program, which is part of the information processing program 1090, from the ROM 1020 or the storage 1040, and loads it into the RAM 1030 and executes it, thereby performing the estimation process shown in FIG.

[0267] In step S201, the CPU 1010 functions as the reception unit 1550 to receive hose data relating to the hose 10 that is the subject of estimation, input by the user.

[0268] In step S202, the CPU 1010, functioning as the estimation unit 1560, estimates lifespan data corresponding to the received hose data using the trained model stored in the model storage unit 1540, and then ends the estimation process. The user can refer to the estimated lifespan data to check when to replace the hose 10, etc.

[0269] In this way, by performing processing and inputting hose data into the trained model, it is possible to predict lifespan data. As a result, the user can know the lifespan of the hose 10 and can replace the hose 10 at the appropriate time or prepare for replacement.

[0270] In the above embodiments, the term "processor" refers to a processor in a broad sense, and includes a general-purpose processor (e.g., a CPU) and a dedicated processor (e.g., a GPU: Graphics Processing Unit, an ASIC: Application Specific Integrated Circuit, an FPGA: Field Programmable Gate Array, a programmable logic device, etc.).

[0271] Furthermore, the operations of the processors in the above embodiments may be performed not only by a single processor but also by multiple processors located at physically separate locations working together. Furthermore, the order of the operations of the processors is not limited to the order described in the above embodiments, and may be changed as appropriate.

[0272] Furthermore, although the "system" in this embodiment is described as being composed of multiple devices as an example, it may also be composed of a single device that has some of the functions of the multiple devices.

[0273] The processing performed by the information processing device 1000 according to the above embodiment may be software-based, hardware-based, or a combination of both. The processing performed by the information processing device 1000 may be stored as a program on a storage medium and distributed.

[0274] Next, the following notes are disclosed regarding this embodiment.

[0275] <Supplementary Note 1> [1] A hose comprising an inner pipe, a plurality of reinforcing layers laminated on the outer surface of the inner pipe, and an outer surface layer formed on the surface of the plurality of reinforcing layers, wherein the plurality of reinforcing layers are constituted by a combination of a wire reinforcing layer using a single wire as a metal reinforcing material and a steel cord reinforcing layer using a steel cord formed by twisting a plurality of filaments together as a metal reinforcing material, and the plurality of reinforcing layers include an outer reinforcing layer closer to the outer surface layer and an inner reinforcing layer closer to the inner pipe, and at least the innermost of the inner reinforcing layers is constituted by the wire reinforcing layer.

[0276] [2] The hose described in [1], wherein the single wire is wound spirally along the longitudinal direction of the hose, the steel cord is wound spirally along the longitudinal direction of the hose, the inner reinforcing layer is composed of one wire reinforcing layer or a pair of wire reinforcing layers in which the wire has a different spiral direction, and the outer reinforcing layer is composed of at least a pair of steel cord reinforcing layers in which the steel cord has a different spiral direction.

[0277] <Supplementary Note 2> [1] A hose comprising an inner pipe, a plurality of reinforcing layers laminated on the outer surface of the inner pipe, and an outer surface layer formed on the surface of the plurality of reinforcing layers, wherein the plurality of reinforcing layers are constituted by a combination of a wire reinforcing layer using a single wire as a metal reinforcing material and a steel cord reinforcing layer using a steel cord made of a plurality of filaments twisted together as a metal reinforcing material, and the plurality of reinforcing layers include an outer reinforcing layer closer to the outer surface layer and an inner reinforcing layer closer to the inner pipe, and at least the outermost of the outer reinforcing layers is constituted by the wire reinforcing layer.

[0278] [2] The hose described in [1], wherein the single wire is wound spirally along the longitudinal direction of the hose, the steel cord is wound spirally along the longitudinal direction of the hose, the outer reinforcing layer is composed of one wire reinforcing layer or a pair of wire reinforcing layers in which the wire has a different spiral direction, and the inner reinforcing layer is composed of at least a pair of steel cord reinforcing layers in which the steel cord has a different spiral direction.

[0279] All publications, patent applications, and technical standards mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent application, or technical standard was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

[0280] In addition, the disclosures of Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2024-036301 filed on March 8, 2024 and 2024-036308 filed on March 8, 2024 are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Claims

1. A hose comprising an inner pipe, a plurality of reinforcing layers laminated on the outer surface of the inner pipe, and an outer surface layer formed on the surface of the plurality of reinforcing layers, wherein the plurality of reinforcing layers are constituted by a combination of wire reinforcing layers using a single wire as a metal reinforcing material and steel cord reinforcing layers using a steel cord made of a plurality of filaments twisted together as a metal reinforcing material, and the plurality of reinforcing layers include an outer reinforcing layer closer to the outer surface layer and an inner reinforcing layer closer to the inner pipe, and at least the innermost inner reinforcing layer of the inner reinforcing layers or at least the outermost outer reinforcing layer of the outer reinforcing layers is constituted by the wire reinforcing layer.

2. A hose as set forth in claim 1, wherein the single wire is wound spirally along the longitudinal direction of the hose, the steel cord is wound spirally along the longitudinal direction of the hose, the inner reinforcing layer is made up of one wire reinforcing layer or a pair of wire reinforcing layers in which the wire has a different spiral orientation, and the outer reinforcing layer is made up of at least a pair of steel cord reinforcing layers in which the steel cord has a different spiral orientation.

3. A hose as set forth in claim 1, wherein the single wire is wound spirally along the longitudinal direction of the hose, the steel cord is wound spirally along the longitudinal direction of the hose, the outer reinforcing layer is made up of one wire reinforcing layer or a pair of wire reinforcing layers in which the wire has a different spiral orientation, and the inner reinforcing layer is made up of at least a pair of steel cord reinforcing layers in which the steel cord has a different spiral orientation.

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