Sowing unit to deposit seeds in individual holes

Abstract

The subject-matter of the invention is a sowing unit, of the type that is linked to a tool bar that configures a seed drill applicable to the direct or traditional planting method, which is used for planting in batches of large surfaces, which is characterized by making holes in the soil and leaving a seed therein. The invention compactly integrates into a structural unit (5) a planetary gearset system (20) that, driven by an engine (6), provides two-wheel traction without weeds, while inside it houses a conventional seed dispenser (7), drop tube (47) and tool (8) comprised of a hollow boot (41) with a blade (40) that is driven by an actuator (43) to generate the hole and deposit the seed. The innovation allows for better soil conservation and reducing the power needed from the vehicle pulling the assembly.

Description

[0001] Sowing unit to deposit seeds in individual holes

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The invention is included within the scope of agricultural implements, in particular the equipment used for sowing on large extensions of land, which are generally configured with a multiplicity of sowing units and which normally have a structure pulled by a tractor of sufficient power, or by an autonomous vehicle developed for agricultural use that can perform different types of tasks.

[0004] STATE OF THE ART AND PROBLEMS TO RESOLVE

[0005] From the beginning of mechanized agriculture, sowing systems for extensive crops such as cereals (wheat, corn, barley, rye, etc.) and oilseeds (soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, safflower, etc.) have been based on pre-tilling the soil and placing the seeds with a predetermined spacing, in longitudinal furrows, with adequate space between them, depositing the seeds at a certain depth for each species and placing the seeds at a predetermined depth for each species and ensuring good contact with the soil, in order to leave it in good germinating conditions.

[0006] In these systems, the expected sowing density is obtained by combining the distance between seeds within each furrow, and the spacing between furrows. The latter is generally determined by the characteristics of the sowing unit and the traction equipment used by the system. This restriction prevents the establishment of the ideal spacing between furrows.

[0007] Another restriction of this system, which we will call “conventional,” based on the idea of sowing in furrows, is the high power consumption in the preparation of the “seedbed”. Soil tillage with primary tillage implements (plows that invert the root ball) and secondary tillage (breaking up the soil into small pieces with disc systems, tines, etc.) involves high energy expenditure and causes soil erosion.

[0008] With the arrival of no-till farming, primary and secondary tillage was eliminated. It is planted without prior preparation of the seedbed, on the remainder of the previous crop, or on the natural field. No-till farming reduced power consumption per hectare planted and had a very favorable impact on the sustainability of agricultural systems. It substantially reduced the carbon footprint, both through fuel savings, and through the recovery of organic matter from soils, which implies CO2 capture from the air through plant photosynthesis.

[0009] However, no-till farming continued to use the traditional system of planting crops by opening furrows and placing the seed in them. In the absence of previous preparation of the seedbed, it was necessary to develop the art to open these furrows on uncultivated soil, while at the same time cutting and separating the stubble or preexisting vegetation. Advances on the subject were consistent, allowing for rapid dissemination of the system.

[0010] However, this system also has a high power requirement, as it is necessary to cut the stubble and open the furrow on a field that has not been previously prepared. This led to the need to ballast the seed drills; otherwise, they would not have enough weight to cut through the plant residue and open the furrow.

[0011] This power requirement requires the use of high-powered tractors, which in turn require wheels of sufficient width and equipped with “lugs” to improve traction and reduce skidding. In addition, as a result of this requirement, a restriction appears for the narrowing of the distance between furrows. Therefore, in order to achieve the desired sowing densities, the distance between plants within each furrow is reduced.

[0012] This hinders a uniform distribution of plants, which creates several agronomic disadvantages: for a desired density of 80,000 plants per hectare, when the furrows are spaced at 52 cm apart, the seeds must be placed 20 cm apart. This non-uniform distribution leads to competition between plants, weed growth in free spaces, less use of radiation and nutrients, water evaporation, etc. The advantages of uniform spacing are well known.

[0013] A solution to reduce tractor power and soil compaction is presented in Argentine patent application “AR20220102975”, whereby a multiplicity of motive means are used to cut the accumulated stubble from the last harvest and open the furrow for the deposit of seeds and / or fertilizers, and even the covering wheel and / or the leveling wheels act as traction wheels for the unit, driving the whole assembly forward. There are also other solutions in the current state of the art which not only enable the reduction of the necessary power of the vehicle or tractor that pulls the seed drill, but also ensure the depth at which the seeds are deposited and which affect the soil less, since instead of opening a furrow to deposit them, as the previous document does, they make a hole at an equidistant distance from each other in which they deposit a single seed. Obviously, the efficiency of the system depends on the mechanical system used to produce the hole in the soil. For example, the American publication “US2020128724A1” presents a sowing system that does not produce a continuous trench, but rather uses an actuator coupled to a shaft to generate a hole to place a seed, ensuring that the tip of the seed is downward, so that the seed sprouts upward, facilitating its growth. The placement of the seeds at the same depth is ensured by controlling the length at which the shaft that generates the hole is inserted. US Patent “US8061282B2” presents an implement with a hollow tube through which seeds or fertilizer grains can be provided, whose tip ends at an angle and which acts as a tool to perforate the soil equidistantly and in the direction of advancement of the implement. The repetitive cyclical motion of the tool is driven by a cam that is rotatably mounted with respect to the machine frame. Another solution is proposed in patent application “US2022124966A1”, which has a shaft configured to create a hole in the soil for each of the seeds and a mechanism that prevents a new seed from entering until the shaft retracts after generating the hole. Patent application “AR20230101937” submitted by a distributor selecting a seed to be deposited into a hole and consisting of a self- contained, cyclic compressed air charging and tripping module has two types of interchangeable tools, a punch or drill bit that generate the hole where the seed is deposited after being selected and triggered by the distributor.

[0014] There is therefore a need to introduce innovations to reduce the pulling power of the vehicle or tractor that pulls the seed drill, to achieve more efficient sowing without affecting soil conditions as much as current sowing systems do, and to make better use of the land to be sown, either by reducing the distance between furrows by not using the usual leveling or covering wheels, or by creating new devices that create a hole in the soil.

[0015] It is therefore an aim of the invention to achieve the sowing of seeds in large plots without affecting the soil as much as the traditional sowing system does.

[0016] It is another object of the invention to reduce soil compaction by reducing the weight of the sowing equipment by avoiding ballasting the machine to ensure penetration of the sowing units and the use of lugs on the tires of the tractor pulling the seed drill.

[0017] It is another aim of the invention to reduce power consumption by avoiding stubble cutting and furrow opening, thus being able to use tractors with lower power.

[0018] It is yet another aim of the invention to achieve uniformity in sowing depth in order to ensure a more even emergence, avoiding competition between dominant and dominated plants.

[0019] And it is yet another aim of the invention to have an electronic controller that enables synchronization of the actuation of the different actuating motive means with the forward speed of the machine and the dose of seeds to be used to ensure an equidistant distance between the planted seeds.

[0020] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0021] This invention resolves the disadvantages currently present in conventional sowing systems, since it does not use the furrow opening system but a device - which can present different preferred embodiments - suitable for use with seed dispenser devices found on today's seed drills, which opens holes in the soil in which the seeds are placed individually, and at the same depth. In addition, nutrients, water, retention agents, growth promoters and soil conditioners can also be added at the point of sowing itself, making seed contact much more precise and avoiding nutrient loss by leaching (deep flushing by rainwater) in the early stages of cultivation. This happens because the roots develop from the seed, so it makes no sense to place fertilizers along a furrow at the time of seeding. Most of it will only be used when the root mass expands uniformly in the soil. At the same time, the power of the tractor pulling the machine is reduced because it is not necessary to cut the stubble, nor is it necessary to ballast the machine to ensure the opening of the sowing furrow, thus reducing soil compaction.

[0022] The object of the invention can be configured in different embodiments, and replace the classic sowing unit with a disc system and leveling wheels, or stubble cutting blade that are used in conventional sowing systems. As a result of the removal of these elements, it is also possible to reduce the spacing between furrows, and therefore, a better use of the area to be planted and an increase in the productivity of the process. A first preferred embodiment consists of a sowing unit for attaching to a tool bar of a seed drill by means of a parallelogram with a system that maintains unit contact with the soil, a structural unit being the nexus of the plurality of systems forming the invention. On the one hand, we have a soil drilling system that generates holes and deposits a seed on it as the machine advances. This system consists of a blade formed in a hollow boot that represents the tool for cutting and deforming the soil, which is attached to the stem of a linear actuator that will lower it when making a hole and raising it when not. The path of a seed to reach the hole generated by the tool is the same as the conventional one in a first section, where, from its housing in a hopper of the machine, it passes through a duct to the seed dispenser and it is released by a drop tube, the invention completes the path by connecting a flexible bellows between the end of the drop tube and the tool boot, so the seed passes through the internal channel of the boot to be lodged in the hole. The seed dispenser, downspout and linear actuator are supported by the structural unit, which is also the center of a planetary gearset system that engages with the two-wheel mallet-free sprockets that rest on the soil on each side of the tool. At the rear, and fixed to the structural unit with a chassis is a wheel that covers the hole that houses a seed with earth. The planetary gearset system is driven by an engine to generate hubless wheel drive.

[0023] Another form of invention proposes a multiplicity of tools embedded in the tires of wheels without equidistant hubs with each other, which penetrate the soil and generate the hole as the machine advances. The invention ensures that the seed is housed in the hole by synchronizing the dispenser seed delivery rate with the machine feed rate, depending on a ratio between the number of dispenser seed plate alveoli and the number of tools embedded in the hubless wheels.

[0024] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] FIG. 1 is a rear perspective left side view of the sowing unit.

[0026] FIG. 2 is an isolated view of the structural unit assembly and systems linked thereto. FIG. 3 is a front view of the isolated assembly of the preceding figure.

[0027] FIG. 4 is a side view of the insulated assembly that was removed by one of the hubless wheels to observe the drilling system tool as a whole.

[0028] FIG. 5 is an isolated view of the tool that generates the hole and deposits the seed.

[0029] FIG. 6 is an isolated and partial view of the vertical cyclic motion system of the hole generating tool. FIG. 7 is a view of the previous system isolated from the structural unit.

[0030] FIG. 8 shows the two extreme instances of the cyclical movement of the tool.

[0031] FIG. 9 is an isolated view presenting an alternative for the system that deposits the seed into the hole.

[0032] FIG. 10 presents an alternative for the hole generating system.

[0033] FIG. 11 is an isolated view of the connecting rod-crank system.

[0034] FIG. 12 is an isolated view of the planetary gearset system integrated into the structural unit.

[0035] FIG. 13 is an isolated view of the structural unit of the planetary gearset system.

[0036] FIG. 14 is a front perspective view of another form of invention for generating holes in the soil and for the seed to be deposited therein.

[0037] FIG. 15 is a partial front view of the hubless wheels of the second embodiment.

[0038] FIG. 16 is an isolated view of the tool belonging to the second embodiment.

[0039] FIG. 17 is an enlarged cut-out view to detail the tool insert.

[0040] FIG. 18 shows the procedure for varying the seed density for the second embodiment.

[0041] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0042] The invention relates to a sowing unit that makes it possible to reduce the power of the vehicle that pulls the seed drill, which is configured with a multitude of sowing units and which can be configured in different embodiments, including combining some of them. Basically the invention incorporates a device provided with a blade that moves vertically penetrating the soil with the aim of generating holes to deposit a seed therein. This device is linked to an integral structure that includes two hubless wheels, with gears inside, driven by a system of gears belonging to the structure, which also contains the seed drop duct and the support for a dispenser that delivers them. Wheel propulsion is achieved with an electric engine that moves a system gear belonging to the integral structure, and whose train engages with the internal sprocket of the hubless wheel tires.

[0043] The following figures explain in greater detail the features of the subject-matter of the invention in the different embodiments thereof.

[0044] FIG. 1 is a rear perspective side view presenting the subject-matter of the invention, in which a sowing unit (1) is observed to be affixed to a tool bar (2) of a conventional seed drill, by means of a parallelogram (3) exerting downward pressure on the sowing unit (1) to keep it in contact with the soil. The sowing unit (1) is composed of two hubless wheels (4) linked together inside them with a structural unit (5) by means of a planetary gearset system, which will be detailed below, but which is driven by an engine (6) to provide traction to the hubless wheels (4). Another function of the structural unit (5) is the support of the seed dispenser (7), which is not part of the invention and can be adapted to any of the market, is also the support of the vertical cyclic motion system that makes holes in the soil with a tool (8) that penetrates and deforms the soil, and finally it's also the support of the seed drop duct, which is detailed below, that provides the seed with a continuous path from its housing in the seed drill hopper, not shown in the figure because it is not part of the invention, which is connected to the top end of the tube (9) and at its other end to the inlet of the seed dispenser (7) until the seed is deposited in the hole generated by the tool (8). The structural unit (5) is linked to the parallelogram (3) by means of the chassis (10) formed of two steel plates, and by means of a chassis (11) of similar characteristics, it is linked to a covering wheel (12) that covers with earth the seed deposited in the hole being the last component of the sowing unit (1). The chassis union (10), structural unit (5) and chassis (11) comprise the sowing unit structural chassis (1) which is divided into three parts to give easy access to systems supported by the structural unit (5) that are inside the two hubless wheels (4) such as the dispenser feeder (7).

[0045] FIG. 2 is an isolated view of the structural unit assembly (5) and the systems linked thereto. It can be seen in more detail that the hubless wheels (4) have a sprocket (20) that is joint and perpendicular to the tire (21) of each wheel. These sprockets are part of the planetary gearset system that is integrated into the structural unit (5) and is driven by the engine (6). It can be seen that the structural unit (5) has a crib-shaped housing with the necessary measurements and anchors to support any seed dispenser (7) offered in the market. Finally, the vertical cyclic movement system of the tool (8) is seen, which we see partially but in larger size, it is also integrated into the structural unit (5).

[0046] FIG. 3 is a front view of the isolated assembly of the preceding figure, where it is clearly seen that the tool (8) that generates holes and deposits a seed therein, penetrating and exiting the soil in a cyclical manner, passes through the space between the two hubless wheels (4). We also noted that the seed inlet through the tube (9) is arranged external to the double wheel to prevent contact with them and also reduce unit mounting times, that the engine (6) is mounted perpendicularly to the side of the structural unit (5) and that it is closed between the two hubless wheels (4) to prevent dirt or objects from entering that could damage the planetary gearset system.

[0047] FIG. 4 is a side view of the insulated assembly to which one of the hubless wheels (4) was removed to observe the tool (8) of the drilling system as a whole. In this way we can see that the tool (8) is composed of a blade (40) that is formed solidarity to a boot

[0048] (41). The blade (40) penetrates the soil just at the support point of the hubless wheels

[0049] (4), everything that is at that point under those wheels, such as scrap debris, is held firmly and allows the blade to effectively cut such debris and penetrate the soil. The boot (41) is introduced into the cut produced in the soil and plastically deforms it thus forming the hole in the soil, the boot (41) is hollow to allow the seeds to pass through and as illustrated in the figure, a single seed (42) is deposited in the hole when the tool (8) is removed. It then serves to cut and deform the soil, as well as to release the seed into the hole. An electro-magnetic actuator (43) commanded by an electronic controller executes and synchronizes the vertical movement of the cyclic system to produce the holes with the tool (8) coordinated with the speed that the dispenser (7) releases seeds to ensure that when the tool (8) begins ascent, the seed (42) was housed inside the hole and not outside it. Such actuator (43) has its fixed end linked to the structural unit

[0050] (5) with an axis (44) and its movable end is linked to the boot (41) with the axis (45). The boot (41) also links the bottom end of a bellows (46) whose top end is fixed to the seed drop tube (47) that is partially seen in this figure because it is housed within the structural unit (5) mounted with two screws or setscrews (48) on each side thereof. The bellows (46) is an elastic component that maintains the continuous travel for the seed

[0051] (42) that descends down the downspout (47) and has to pass through the inside of the boot (41) to finish its travel in the hole. In order for the entire system to work rigidly and not deform with the effort generated by the soil when penetrated by the tool (8), a telescopic guide (49) located on each side and belonging to the structural unit (5) has its end linked to the boot (41).

[0052] FIG. 5 is an isolated view of the tool (8) that generates the hole and deposits the seed, with two perspectives to observe its details. FIG. 5a shows the tool (8) facing, where on said boot front face (41) is the blade (40) which in addition to being ahead of any boot surface (41), also extends below it to be the first object to contact scrap debris and the soil. This perspective allows to appreciate the upper area of the boot (41 ) where two tabs (50) are located, one on each side and belonging to the same piece, extending above the upper face, and where each of them has a through hole (51) to be fastened with a screw or bolt to the end of the telescopic guide (49), presented in the figure above. You can also see the hole (52), which is the housing of the bottom end of the bellows (46), that the seeds pass through and that will exit the boot (41) through a hole (53) located in the bottom area, as shown in FIG. 5b. This rear perspective of the tool (8) also shows that at its top it has a groove (54) where the movable end of the actuator (43) is housed, and a hole (55) through to the other side of the boot (41) where the shaft (45) passes that links both.

[0053] FIG. 6 is an isolated, partial rear perspective view of the vertical cyclic motion system of the hole generating tool, where the structural unit (5) is not only partially viewed, but also transparently depicted to show linkage to system components. In this way we can better appreciate the drop tube (47) that was barely seen in the previous figure because it is housed inside the structural unit (5) fixed with the setscrews (48). We can see the top end of the telescopic guides (49) moving within the structural unit (5), it is also better distinguished how the bottom end of them is linked, by means of a screw or bolt (60) to the outside of the tab (50) of the side of the boot (41), parallel to the bellows (46), allowing it to stretch and contract without lateral or longitudinal deformations. It is also best detailed, thanks to transparency and perspective, the actuator anchor (43) at its fixed end with the structural unit (5) via the shaft (44), and via the shaft (45) the movable end with the boot (41). In such boot, we can visualize the blade (40) and the hole (53) where the seed that is lodged in the hole exits when the tool (8) is removed.

[0054] FIG. 7 is a view of the anterior system isolated from the structural unit (5) with the same rear perspective and with the boot (41) represented transparently so that the channel (70) within it can be appreciated and through which the seed passes after having traveled the interior of the drop tube (47) and the interior of the bellows (46), which are now fully appreciated by being isolated from the structural unit (5). This channel (70) progressively reduces its area by causing the seed to exit without rebounding through the hole (53) being released into the hole, in contact with the soil and without suffering impact with the blade (40), because although it is nailed deeper than the seed, it is ahead of it in the machine's forward direction when the actuator (43) removes the tool (8) from the soil. FIG. 8 shows the two extreme instances of the cyclic movement of the tool (8), in FIG. 8a and FIG. 8b correspond to the time at which the actuator (43) reaches the maximum length at which it was programmed and calibrated so that the hole has the desired seed depth. It can be seen how it is extended and how the tool (8) penetrates the soil at the support point of the hubless wheels (4), first entering the blade (40) that generates the cut in the soil and then entering the boot (41) that forms the hole to accommodate the seed, which arrives thanks to the bellows extension (46) and the telescopic guides (49), which keep the path of the same continuous as seen in the figure. In contrast in FIG. 8c and FIG. 8d, the actuator (43) retracted by removing the tool (8) completely from the soil leaving it above the level of contact of the hubless wheels (4) with the soil. Here you can see the bellows (46) compressed and one of the telescopic guides (49) just outside the structural unit (5). To summarize, while the sowing unit advances in the direction marked with the arrow, the actuator (43) extends and retracts cyclically to generate holes with the tool (8) along a line, and coordinating the timing of seed release from the dispenser (7) obtains a row of seeded holes.

[0055] FIG. 9 is an isolated view presenting an alternative for the system that deposits the seed into the hole, which is differentiated in using a telescopic seed drop tube (90) instead of the bellows (56). The sleeve (91) of the telescoping tube (90) is externally linked thereto to prevent rebound of the seed when it descends from its interior, for the same reason, the bottom end of the sleeve (91) is internally linked to the boot (41).

[0056] FIG. 10 presents an alternative for the hole generating system, in which the actuator (53) is replaced by an engine (100) that rotates at least one crank (101) and by means of at least one connecting rod (102) linked to the boot (41) provides the vertical cyclical movement of the tool (8) to generate the hole. The connecting rod-crank system is also mounted to the structural unit (5) and for rigidity we can make it up with two cranks (102) and two cranks (101) arranged in mirror on both sides of the structural unit (5), attached to the same shaft that is rotated by the engine (100). Thanks to a radially formed slide (103) on the crank (101), the seed depth can be adjusted.

[0057] FIG. 11 is an isolated view of the crank-crank system, wherein the structural unit (5) was removed to more clearly observe the crank assembly (102) and cranks (101) arranged in mirror mode, where we can appreciate the shaft (110) linking the two cranks (101) with the engine rotation shaft (100) and also the shaft (111) linking the two cranks (102) with the boot (41).

[0058] FIG. 12 is an isolated view of the planetary gearset system integrated into the structural unit (5) that is driven by an engine (6) provides traction to the hubless wheels (4). In that figure we can see that each hubless wheel (4) has a sprocket (20) that is solidarity and perpendicular to the rim (21) of each wheel, and that are linked to the structural unit (5) by pinions, which are not seen in the figure because they are inside the unit, which are mounted on the driven axles (120) that are in turn mounted to the unit structure.

[0059] FIG. 13 is an isolated view of the structural unit (5) of the planetary gearset system that allows for detailed visualization of the gear train housed therein. This way we can see the drive gear (130) that is mounted on the engine shaft (6) that rotates clockwise to move the hubless wheels (4) in the direction of the sowing unit (1) feed. The conductive gear (130) is coplanarly linked by its teeth to the same of the driven gear (131), which rotates counterclockwise and is mounted on one of the driven shafts (120), where they are parallel to the engine shaft (6). On each of the driven shafts (120) there is a pair of gears (132) that rotate counterclockwise and that link to their teeth coplanarly with the sprockets (20) belonging to the tires (21) of the hubless wheels (4) that simultaneously rotate clockwise.

[0060] FIG. 14 is a front perspective view of another form of invention for generating holes in the soil and for the seed to be deposited therein. It consists of placing a multiplicity of tools (8) along the perimeter of the hubless wheels (4) and perpendicular to them, so that as the machine is advanced, the wheels rotate by nailing one tool (8) after another, leaving holes equidistant from one another in a linear manner. For each hole to contain a seed inside there is a relationship between the number of seed dispenser plate alveoli (7) and the number of tools (8) mounted on the wheels, as well as, between the speed of the hubless wheels (4) and the speed of the seed dispenser plate (7) so that the delivery of the seed from release by the seed dispenser (7) is coordinated, passes by gravity through the downspout (47), which in this form of invention is rigid, until it is deposited in the hole generated by tool (8) passing through the inside of it. Tool (8) is composed identically to the previous invention shape with respect to the generation of the hole and depositing the seed, this means that it is composed of the same blade (40) and the same boot (41). FIG. 15 is a partial front view of the hubless wheels (4) wherein it is appreciated that the inner side of the tires (21) has a plurality of holes (150) that serve to engage the tools (8) along their perimeter, by means of two tabs (151) formed in the boot (41), and a pair of gland studs or bolts (152) to secure the tool to the tires.

[0061] FIG. 16 is an isolated view of the tool (8) belonging to the second embodiment, where it is clearly seen that the fundamental difference in boot shaping (41) lies in the tabs (151) which in this case are perpendicular to the side faces thereof because they are linked to the tires (21) of the hubless wheels (4), not shown in this figure, through a hole (160) in each tab (151). We can see that the rest of the tool (8) has no modifications, it is still composed of the blade (40) and the boot (41) hollow with its inlet hole (52) and its outlet hole (53) so that the seed passes inside and is lodged in the hole.

[0062] FIG. 17 is an enlarged cut-out view to detail the tool insert (8), where the link between the tabs (151 ) of the boot (41 ) and the inner part of the tires (21 ) of the hubless wheels (4) is best seen, where it is seen that each bolt (152) links the hole of a tab (151) to a hole (150) of a tire (21). The figure also allows to appreciate the moment at which the hole (52) in the inside of the boot (41) aligns with the outlet of the downspout (47) so that at that time a seed, which has been falling into it, passes into the boot (41) to be released into the hole when the hubless wheels (4) advance, the tool (8) is removed from the soil and the seed is housed in the hole.

[0063] FIG. 18 shows the procedure for varying seed density, that thanks to the quick insert of the tools (8) of said invention, we can see how easy it is to change a low seed density configuration as shown in FIG. 18a, with few tools (8) mounted perpendicular to the perimeter of the hubless wheels (4), to a high seed density configuration shown in FIG. 18b, with more tools (8) mounted on hubless wheels (4). So, to vary the seed density, simply add, remove and / or move one or more tools (8) with respect to the holes (150), explained in the previous figures but not seen therein, belonging to the tires (21) of the hubless wheels (4), depending on the existing configuration and to which it is intended to be changed.

Claims

CLAIMS1 . A sowing unit for depositing seeds into individual holes, linked to a tool bar via a parallelogram and configuring a seed drill applicable to the direct or traditional planting method, powered by a tractor or autonomous vehicle in large lots, which has a mechanical structure, a covering wheel and a tool to generate the hole, characterized in that it comprises a structural unit (5) that is linked to a chassis (10) and a chassis (11),and having mounted a multiplicity of axes (120), a seed dispenser (7) related to a downspout (47), and an actuator (43) that links to a boot (41), and an engine (6) that relates to the sprockets (20) of two hubless wheels (4) and whose tires (21) are linked to a multiplicity of tools (8).

2. The sowing unit of claim 1 , characterized in that the tool (8) comprises a blade (40) linked to the boot (41).

3. The sowing unit of any of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the outlet of the seed dispenser (7) relates to the drop tube (47), the bellows (46), the hole (52), the channel (70) and the hole (53) of the boot (41).

4. The sowing unit of any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the boot (41) is linked to at least one telescopic guide (49) mounted on the structure (5), by means of at least one screw or bolt (60), with at least one hole (51) of at least one tab (50).

5. The sowing unit of any of claims 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the hole section (53) of the boot (41) is less than the hole section (52).

6. The sowing unit of claim 1 , characterized in that the output of the seed dispenser (7) is linked to the boot (41) through the sleeve (91) of the telescoping tube (90).

7. The sowing unit of claim 1 , characterized in that an engine (100), mounted on the structure (5), relates to at least one crank (101) linked to at least one connecting rod (102) which in turn, is attached to the boot (41).

8. The sowing unit of claim any of the preceding claims, characterized in that theengine (6) is linked to a gear (130) which in turn relates to a gear (131) comprised in the shaft (120) having two gears (132) which relate to the sprockets (20) comprised in the tires (21) of the hubless wheels (4).

9. The sowing unit of claim 1 , characterized in that the multiplicity of tools (8) linked to the tires (21) of the two hubless wheels (4) do so by means of at least two bolts or bolts (152) that relate at least one hole (160) of each tongue (151), to at least one hole

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