Methods for making methyl methacrylate and methods for dispersing polymer asphaltenes in a solution
By dispersing polymer asphaltenes using fatty acid amides in the MMA production process, the method addresses the issue of frequent clean-outs in acid strippers, achieving extended operation and cost savings.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/084917
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-02
AI Technical Summary
The accumulation of polymer asphaltenes in acid strippers during the production of methyl methacrylate leads to frequent and costly clean-outs, disrupting the manufacturing process and posing safety and environmental concerns.
A method involving the use of fatty acid amides or fatty acid esters as treatment products to disperse polymer asphaltenes in the MMA production process, maintaining them in solution for extended periods and preventing agglomeration, thereby reducing the need for frequent clean-outs.
The method effectively delays the need for cleaning the acid stripper by keeping polymer asphaltenes dispersed and agglomerated for up to 60 days, allowing for prolonged operation and reducing downtime and costs.
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Abstract
Description
METHODS FOR MAKING METHYL METHACRYLATE AND METHODS FOR DISPERSING POLYMER ASPHALTENES IN A SOLUTIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to methods for preparing or making methyl methacrylate. The present invention further relates to methods for dispersing polymer asphaltenes in a solution, such as resulting from the production of methyl methacrylate. The present invention further relates to solutions utilized in the production of methyl methacrylate or solutions that are formed from the production of methyl methacrylate.BACKGROUND
[0002] Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is used, in part, for producing polymers and copolymers with other polymerizable compounds. For instance, polymethyl methacrylate acrylic plastics (PMMA) are formed from MMA. MMA is also used for the production of copolymers, such as methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS) , used for instance as a modifier for PVC.
[0003] MMA is presently manufactured by several industrial methods, the principal one being the acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) route, using acetone and hydrogen cyanide as raw materials. The intermediate ACH is then converted with sulfuric acid to a sulfate ester of the methacrylamide. Then, the ester is subject to a methanolysis that results, at least in part, ammonium bisulfate and MMA.
[0004] When using the ACH route in the production of MMA, various byproducts, side reactions, spent components, and non-reactive components are present or produced. Various steps are taken to generally remove major portions of these non-MMA products so that a substantially pure MMA (e.g., over 95%, over 99%pure by weight) can be recovered. One of the byproducts or products from one or more side reactions has been identified as polymer asphaltenes. Polymer asphaltenes include primarily methyl methacrylate polymers, methacrylic acid, methacrylamide or any combinations thereof. The polymer asphaltenes generally form or are present during MMA formation (i.e., when MMA is actually formed in the process) . The polymer asphaltenes tend to be separated in part or primarily separated from the MMA during one of the separation steps where a solution containing the MMA is primarily separated from a solution containing at least water and spent sulfuric acid, which further contains most, if not substantially all, of the polymer asphaltenes. The problem here is that the polymer asphaltene is generally recovered along with the spent acid water or spent sulfuric acid or acid residue and water in a column, such as in an acid stripper. Once in a collection tank or acid stripper, the polymer asphaltene begins to significantly separate from the acid water to form a separate layer and this becomes even more a problem upon separation of the spent acid from the water. The polymer asphaltene eventually agglomerates and / or settles out of solution and floats to the top of a stripper (e.g., acid stripper) and eventually the stripper needs to be cleaned out due to this accumulation in the stripper. The need to clean out the stripper can either force the manufacturer to stop production or use a standby stripper and then clean out the primary stripper. The need to clean out the acid stripper can occur regularly, which is time consuming and costly to the manufacturer, especially in view of the safety and environmental concerns. In some manufacturing plants, the need to clean out the stripper can occur every 10 to 15 days, which is undesirable.
[0005] In view of the foregoing, there is a need to prolong or delay the need to clean out the acid stripper holding water or acid water (and / or other parts of the process that can accumulate with polymer asphaltenes) for as long as possible. Thus, it would be desirable to improve the process of making MMA such that the polymer asphaltenes are better controlled or treated so that the need to clean out the acid stripper (and / or other parts of the process) is greatly delayed so as to avoid the time consuming and costly task of cleaning the acid stripper (and / or other parts of the process, e.g., piping and / or one or more reactors upstream of the acid stripper) . The present invention provides these solutions including providing methods and formulations to better address these problems.SUMMARY
[0006] A feature of the present invention is to provide a method of producing MMA that can delay the need to clean out the acid stripper due to accumulation of polymer asphaltenes in the acid stripper.
[0007] Another feature of the present invention is to provide an improvement in keeping the polymer asphaltenes dispersed in the acid water for a longer period of time.
[0008] Another feature of the present invention is to provide an improvement in keeping the polymer asphaltenes dispersed in one or more process streams in an MMA process, such as for a longer period of time (as compared to no treatment) .
[0009] A further feature of the present invention is to provide a method of producing MMA that permits treating the polymer asphaltenes that are formed during MMA formation, such that the polymer asphaltenes are better dispersed in solution and / or dispersed in solution for a longer period of time (as compared to no treatment) .
[0010] An additional feature of the present invention is to provide a means to treat the polymer asphaltenes such that the polymer asphaltenes are less agglomerated and / or less sticky and / or more dispersed in solution (as compared to no treatment) .
[0011] Additional features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention will be realized and obtained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the written description and appended claims.
[0012] To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purposes of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the present invention relates to a method for preparing methyl methacrylate. The method includes at least the steps of hydrolyzing acetone cyanohydrin in the presence of at least sulfuric acid to form a first solution that includes a sulfate ester of a methacrylamide. The method further includes reacting the sulfate ester of the methacrylamide with at least methanol to form a second solution that includes at least methyl methacrylate, ammonium bisulfate, and polymer asphaltenes. The method further includes mixing or combining a treatment product with i) the second solution and / or ii) to a precursor (s) thereof before formation of the second solution and / or iii) a part of the second solution. The treatment product includes at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester. The method further includes recovering at least a portion of the methyl methacrylate from the second solution.
[0013] The method of forming the MMA can further include the additional step (s) of separating the second solution to an upper layer and a lower layer (e.g., a part of the second solution) , wherein the upper layer includes a majority by weight of the methyl methacrylate, based on weight of the second solution, and the lower layer includes water, spent sulfuric acid, and polymer asphaltenes.
[0014] The method can further include mixing or combining additional treatment product with the lower layer after separating from the upper layer. The additional treatment product can be the same or different from the earlier treatment product, but still includes at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester. The mixing or combining of the additional treatment product with the lower layer after separating from the upper layer can be done during an acid stripping process of the lower layer in a column, for instance, with the application of steam.
[0015] As an option, the treatment product further includes at least one surfactant, such as a hydrophilic surfactant, with or without at least one aqueous solvent.
[0016] The present invention further relates to a method to disperse polymer asphaltenes in a solution (e.g., a MMA containing fluid, an aqueous solution or water or acid water) . The method includes combining or mixing at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester to the solution. As an option, the solution comprises spent sulfuric acid, water, and the polymer asphaltenes, and optionally methyl methacrylate and optionally methanol.
[0017] The present invention further relates to a solution comprising at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester, sulfuric acid, water, and polymer asphaltenes dispersed in the solution, and optionally methyl methacrylate and optionally methanol.
[0018] The present invention can also extend to the production of other alkyl methacrylates besides methyl methacrylate.
[0019] The present invention can also extend to the production of MMA or alkyl methacrylates that use alternative routes besides the ACH route, where the alternative route results in the formation of polymer asphaltenes.
[0020] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are only intended to provide a further explanation of the present invention, as claimed.
[0021] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate some of the embodiments of the present invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present invention.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0022] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an exemplary production setup for making MMA of the present invention.
[0023] FIG. 2 is a diagram of a further exemplary production setup for making crude MMA of the present invention.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] The present invention relates to improved methods of producing alkyl methacrylates, such as methyl methacrylate (MMA) . While most of the disclosure that follows is directed to methyl methacrylate and its production (a preferred embodiment) , it is to be understood that the present invention extends to alkyl methacrylates and methods to make the same, where polymer asphaltene formation occurs.
[0025] The present invention is primarily addressing the problem of polymer asphaltene formation during the MMA manufacturing process. More specifically, the present invention provides a novel modification of the MMA manufacturing process, where at least one treatment product is utilized to treat one or more product streams and / or reaction streams or precursors thereof such that the polymer asphaltenes that form during the MMA manufacturing process are treated so that the polymer asphaltenes (or at least a portion thereof) are better dispersed in solution, and / or more dispersed in solution, and / or are maintained in solution for longer period of time without breaking (or separating) from the solution and forming a separate layer such as an upper layer, and / or are less agglomerated in the solution, and / or are less sticky (e.g., less adhering to surfaces) ; or any combinations thereof. The ‘streams’ can encompass conveying hardware such as pipes, lines, and encompass receiving or holding tanks, columns, storage vessels, and the like.
[0026] With the present invention, the polymer asphaltene is either more fully dispersed in solution (a larger or large percentage is dispersed based on total polymer asphaltene present) and / or stays dispersed for a period of time that permits longer or extended operation of the MMA production process.
[0027] In making the MMA, the conventional steps and standard MMA producing facility set-up can be followed and adopted for the present invention except importantly that the process further includes one or more treatment steps where one or more reaction streams (and / or one or more product streams and / or one or more precursors thereof) are treated with the treatment product of the present invention as further described herein. The ‘streams’ can encompass conveying hardware such as pipes, lines, and encompass receiving or holding tanks, columns, storage vessels, and the like.
[0028] In making the MMA, a conventional process utilized, as an option, in the present invention is known in the industry as the acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) route or cyanohydrin route. In this process, ACH can be produced by condensation of acetone and hydrogen cyanide. The ACH is then hydrolyzed in the presence of an acid, which is typically sulfuric acid and the reaction produces a sulfate ester of the methacrylamide. The sulfate ester of the methacrylamide is then reacted with an alkyl alcohol, which is typically methanol, when MMA is desired. This reaction is also referred to as a methanolysis of the sulfate ester. The reaction with the methanol results in the formation of MMA and ammonium bisulfate and byproducts as described herein. Some of the primary reactions are as follows: (CH3) 2CO + HCN → (CH3) 2C (OH) CN (CH3) 2C (OH) CN + H2SO4 → (CH3) 2C (OSO3H) C (O) NH2.
[0029] In more detail, the sulfate ester of the amide is initially produced as an adduct with sulfuric acid ( (CH3) 2C (OSO3H) C (O) NH2. H2SO4) , and the acid is removed in a heating or cracking step. The sulfate ester is then methanolyzed (reacted with methanol) :
[0030] (CH3) 2C (OSO3H) C (O) NH2 + CH3OH → CH2 =C (CH3) C (O) OCH3 + NH4HSO4.
[0031] The processes and systems as described, for instance, in US2010 / 0069662 and US 2008 / 194875 (both incorporated in their entirety by reference herein) can be used herein along with the utilization of the present invention’s treatment product as described herein.
[0032] One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for preparing methyl methacrylate. The method comprises, consists of, consists essentially of, or includes several steps, including hydrolyzing acetone cyanohydrin in the presence of at least sulfuric acid to form a first solution comprising a sulfate ester of a methacrylamide.
[0033] The method further includes reacting the sulfate ester of the methacrylamide with at least methanol to form a second solution that comprises, consists of, or includes methyl methacrylate, ammonium bisulfate, and polymer asphaltenes. This step can be considered esterifying a reaction mixture comprising methacrylamide and at least one alkyl alcohol in the presence of a mixture of water and sulfuric acid to produce alkyl methacrylate (e.g., MMA) .
[0034] The method further includes adding, mixing, or combining a treatment product with i) the second solution and / or ii) a precursor thereof before formation of the second solution, and / or iii) a part of the second solution (e.g., a part separated by a separation step or reaction) , where the treatment product comprises, or consists of, or includes at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester.
[0035] The method further includes recovering at least a portion of the methyl methacrylate from the second solution.
[0036] The method of the present invention can further include the step of separating the second solution to an upper layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer comprises a majority by weight of the methyl methacrylate (over 50 wt%, over 60%, over 70 wt%, over 80 wt%, over 90 wt%, over 95 wt%, over 98 wt%) , based on weight of the second solution, and the lower layer comprises water, spent sulfuric acid, and at least a portion of the polymer asphaltenes produced during the production of the MMA. The lower layer can comprise a majority of the polymer asphaltene present / produced (e.g., over 50 wt%, over 60%, over 70 wt%, over 80 wt%, over 90 wt%, over 95 wt%, over 98 wt%) , based on total weight of the polymer asphaltenes present in the second solution.
[0037] The method of the present invention can include utilizing the treatment product at one or at several locations in the process of making the MMA.
[0038] For instance, the method can further include adding, mixing, and / or combining additional treatment product with the lower layer after separating from the upper layer. The additional treatment product can be the same or different from the treatment product used earlier in the method. Whether the same or different, the additional treatment product is or includes the at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester.
[0039] The adding, mixing, and / or combining of the additional treatment product with the lower layer after separating from the upper layer can be achieved during an acid stripping process of the lower layer in a column or flotation vessel, for instance, with the application of steam.
[0040] With the acid stripping process, the lower layer, due to the acid stripping process, can be separated into i) a lower fraction that comprises or includes an acid residue, water, and at least a portion of the polymer asphaltenes and ii) a volatile portion.
[0041] The polymer asphaltenes are generally produced due to a side reaction during the formation of the MMA monomer or compound. The polymer asphaltenes comprise, consist of, or include a methyl methacrylate polymer, and / or a methacrylic acid, and / or a methacrylic amide, or any combinations thereof.
[0042] The polymer asphaltenes can comprise or include at least 50%by weight of methyl methacrylate polymers, based on the total weight of the polymer asphaltenes present. This amount can be at least 60 wt%, at least 70 wt%, at least 80 wt%, or at least 90 wt%, such as from 50 wt%to 95 wt%. It is an option to have a process that results in less than 50 wt%of methyl methacrylate polymers as part of components of the polymer asphaltenes.
[0043] During the process of forming MMA and upon MMA formation, the polymer asphaltenes are generally initially present as a liquid amongst the product stream (s) or reaction streams due to the high temperatures utilized in the process, such as about 100 deg C or higher. The polymer asphaltenes can, in part, be present as particulates or agglomerates in one or more of the process streams or become solids (e.g., solid particulates or agglomerates) . The recovery of the acid water can generally occur in one or more acid strippers. Once the acid water is in the acid stripper column, for instance, from the acid stripping step, without use of the treatment product of the present invention, the polymer asphaltenes will generally fall out of solution or form a layer on the solution and / or phase separate such that the polymer asphaltenes float to the acid water surface or water surface in the acid stripper. This occurrence can even begin earlier before the acid stripper column / process and can begin at the ester reactor where MMA formation occurs and thereafter. This results in a buildup on the surface of pipeline or equipment and after time, the buildup, in prior processes, reaches a buildup point in the acid stripper (and possibly earlier in the process) where there is no longer any room to separate the polymer asphaltenes from the acid water and / or there is a large amount (volume) of the polymer asphaltenes in acid water and this interferes with the ability of one or more pumps to transport the acid water or other fluid to optional downstream process operations. An amount of polymer asphaltenes with the acid water can interfere with transport and / or further processing, for instance, due to the viscosity or density of the material being pumped. When this buildup occurs, the facility needs, if available, to switch to a standby or back up acid stripper, so that the primary or first acid stripper can be shut down and cleaned of the polymer asphaltenes. With the present invention, the need to shut down the acid stripper and switch to a standby or back up acid stripper can be greatly delayed thus reducing the number of times that a switch operation and / or clean out are required. This ability to delay the need to switch and clean out are achieved due to the treatment product maintaining the polymer asphaltenes better dispersed and / or more dispersed (greater amount dispersed) , or maintained in solution without breaking or without forming a layer on the solution for a much longer period of time, unlike past techniques used.
[0044] For instance, with the present invention, the polymer asphaltenes (at least a portion thereof) can be capable of remaining primarily dispersed in solution in the lower fraction for at least 15 days at 110 deg C and 1.1 atm, or at least 20 days, or least 25 days, or at least 30 days, or at least 35 days, or at least 40 days, or at least 45 days, or at least 40 days, or at least 45 days, or at least 50 days, or at least 55 days, or at least 60 days at 110 deg C and 1.1 atm, such as from 15 days to 60 days. By remaining primarily dispersed in solution, the polymer asphaltenes do not separate and form a layer on the solution which would then result in the need to eventually shut down the acid stripper and clean the acid stripper. In addition, or alternatively, when more of the polymer asphaltenes can remain dispersed with the acid water or residue thereof, the acid water with polymer asphaltenes can be transported (e.g., pumped or otherwise transferred) for further processing and / or use in the MMA process. Thus, the overall MMA process can be operated longer without a shut down. In addition, or alternatively, the use of the present invention reduces or controls the formation of polymer asphaltene deposits (e.g., particulate deposits and / or liquid deposits) in transfer lines, and / or pipes and / or other parts of the MMA process located upstream of the acid stripper step.
[0045] The treatment product used in the present invention, when used in effective amounts, has the ability to have at least a portion of the polymer asphaltenes to be less agglomerated and / or less sticky and / or more dispersed in solution, as compared to when no treatment product or no amide of the fatty acid or fatty acid ester is used.
[0046] The treatment product, as indicated, comprises or includes at least one amide of a fatty acid or at least one amide of fatty acid ester, or can be at least one an amide of a carboxylic acid. Examples include, but are not limited to, a dimethylamide of a fatty acid or a dimethylamide of a fatty acid ester. A more specific example is a dimethylamide of a soybean oil or a dimethylamide of a tall oil (tall oil fatty acid) . The amide can be an amide of a carboxylic acid that comprises a dialkylamide (e.g., a dimethylamide or a diethylamide) of a fatty acid (or ester thereof) having, for instance, 14 to 18 carbon atoms. A commercial example is Buckman Laboratories Inc. ’s BULAB 8226 or BLB 8226 product.
[0047] The treatment product is generally a liquid at 25 deg C (1 atm) .
[0048] With respect to the ‘fatty acid’ or ‘fatty acid ester’ part of the amide, the fatty acid or fatty acid ester can be unsaturated or saturated. The fatty acid or fatty acid ester has aliphatic tails or aliphatic chains that can be from 1 to 5, or from 6 to 12, or from 13 to 21, or 21 or more carbon atoms.
[0049] The ‘fatty acid’ or ‘fatty acid ester’ part of the amide can comprise one type of fatty acid or ester thereof or can be a combination or mixture of several fatty acids or esters thereof as in the case of soybean oil or a tall oil.
[0050] The at least one amide of a fatty acid or at least one amide of fatty acid ester, or at least one an amide of a carboxylic acid can be present in the treatment product in an amount of from about 10 wt%to about 90 wt%, based on total weight of the treatment product, such as from 15 wt%to 90 wt%, from 20 wt%to 90 wt%, from 25 wt%to 90 wt%, from 30 wt%to 90 wt%, from 35 wt%to 90 wt%, from 40 wt%to 90 wt%, 45 wt%to 90 wt%, from 50 wt%to 85 wt%, from 50 wt%to 80 wt%, from 50 wt%to 75 wt%, from 50 wt%to 70 wt%, from 50 wt%to 65 wt%, from 50 wt%to 60 wt%, or any range based upon any two values described herein.
[0051] The treatment product can further include at least one surfactant (which can be considered an additional surfactant) that is different from the at least one amide of a fatty acid or at least one amide of fatty acid ester. The surfactant can be considered a hydrophilic surfactant.
[0052] As used herein, a “surfactant” refers to an organic compound which can lower the surface tension of a liquid, the interfacial tension between two liquids, or that between a liquid and a solid.
[0053] The additional surfactant can be a non-ionic surfactant. The additional surfactant can be an anionic surfactant. The additional surfactant can be a cationic surfactant. As an option, a combination of additional surfactants can be used.
[0054] The additional surfactant can be an alkoxylated alcohol-based surfactant or can be an ethoxylated alcohol-based surfactant or can be an isomeric alcohol-ethylene oxide, such as a C9-C11 isomeric alcohol-6 ethylene oxide (for instance with an HLB of about 12 ± 2) .
[0055] The additional surfactant can be a condensation product of alkylene oxides, such as ethylene oxide (EO) , with alcohol-based molecule (s) .
[0056] The additional surfactant can be a polymer surfactant as an option.
[0057] The additional surfactant, such as the polymeric surfactant, can have an average molecular weight (in Daltons) of from 1,000 to about 20,000, for instance, from about 2,000 to about 15,000, from about 3,000 to about 12,000, from about 5,000 to about 20,000, from about 10,000 to about 20,000, from about 12,000 to about 17,000, from about 13, 500 to about 16,000, at least about 20,000, at least about 50,000, at least about 100,000, or at least about 500,000.
[0058] As used herein, a “nonionic surfactant” is an organic compound that is amphiphilic and has no charge group at either terminal end group thereof, wherein the organic compound can lower the surface tension of a liquid, the interfacial tension between two liquids, or that between a liquid and a solid.
[0059] As used herein, an “anionic surfactant” refers to a surfactant having a net negative charge on the molecule in aqueous solution. Accordingly, the anionic surfactant can have only anionic moieties as the charged groups thereon or may be amphoteric with a net anionic charge for the overall molecule.
[0060] “Cationic surfactant” refers to a surfactant having a net positive charge on the molecule in aqueous solution. Accordingly, the cationic surfactant can have only cationic moieties as the charged groups thereon or may be amphoteric with a net cationic charge for the overall molecule.
[0061] The additional surfactant (s) can be present in the treatment product in an amount of from about 10 wt%to about 50 wt%, based on total weight of the treatment product, such as from 10 wt%to 50 wt%, from 10 wt%to 45 wt%, from 10 wt%to 40 wt%, from 10 wt%to 35 wt%, from 10 wt%to 30 wt%, from 10 wt%to 25 wt%, from 10 wt%to 20 wt%, from 10 wt%to 15 wt%, or any range based upon any two values described herein.
[0062] For purposes of the present invention, a dispersant can be different from a surfactant. A dispersant promotes the separation of particles in a suspension. For instance, with the polymer asphaltenes, a dispersant can function to reduce the tendency of these particles in solution to agglomerate or to adhere to a surface. A surfactant, on the other hand, is a substance that lowers the surface tension between two phases of matter. The amide of a fatty acid or the amide of fatty acid ester, or the amide of a carboxylic acid can be considered a dispersant in the treatment product of the present invention.
[0063] The treatment product can further contain at least one solvent, such as an aqueous solvent. The solvent can comprise from about 5 wt%to about 90 wt%of the treatment product, based on total weight of the treatment product. An example of a solvent is water.
[0064] In the present invention, the treatment product is utilized in an amount of from about 0.2 kg to about 2 kg (or more) per 1000 kg of methyl methacrylate produced (this amount is the total dosage amount and can be utilized as one dose or segregated into two or more doses) . This total dosage amount can be from 0.2 kg to 1.75 kg, from 0.2 kg to 1.5 kg, from 0.2 kg to 1.25 kg, from 0.2 kg to 1 kg, from 0.2 kg to 0.75 kg, from 0.2 kg to 0.5 kg, from 0.3 kg to 2 kg, from 0.5 kg to 2 kg, from 0.75 kg to 2 kg, from 0.9 kg to 2 kg, from 1.2 kg to 2 kg, from 1.4 kg to 2 kg, from 1.6 kg to 2 kg per 1000 kg of methyl methacrylate produced, or any range based upon any two values described herein. Amount below or above any one or more of these ranges is a further option.
[0065] When the production method of making the MMA is a continuous process, the dosing of the treatment product can be continuous or semi-continuous (e.g., intermittent dosing based on time) and / or based on rate of MMA being produced. The treatment product can be dosed using conventional feeding equipment such as a pump and calibrated dosage metering devices or feeders.
[0066] When more than one point of dosing is utilized, the treatment amount can be evenly split between the multiple dosing points. As an option, when two dosing points are utilized, such as a) the treating of the second solution or a precursor thereof and b) the treating of the lower layer, as described herein, point a) can receive from 50 wt%to 80 wt%or from 50 wt%to 70 wt%, or from 50 wt%to 60 wt%of the total dosage amount and point b) can receive the remainder. As an option, point a) can receive a higher weight percent of the total dosage amount as compared to point b) . As an option, point b) can receive a higher weight percent of the total dosage amount as compared to point a) .
[0067] As an option, there can be one dosing point, or two dosing points, or three or more dosing points of the treatment product.
[0068] The first dosing of the treatment product preferably occurs during MMA formation in the production process. As described herein, this is when the second solution is formed. As an option, the first dosing can occur before the second solution is formed, such as when the acetone cyanohydrin is hydrolyzed in the presence of the sulfuric acid (e.g., in the hydrolysis reactor) or when one or both of these reactants are introduced into the reactor (e.g., the ester reactor) . As an option, the first dosing can occur along any of the feed lines from the hydrolysis reactor to the reactor where the second solution is formed (e.g., the ester reactor) . The first dosing, when occurring where the second solution is formed, can be prior to, at the same time, or after the methanol feed point in that reactor.
[0069] An optional dosing point of the treatment product can be after the second solution exits that reactor (e.g., the ester reactor) . For instance, this optional dosing point can be after the ester reactor but prior to the separator where the upper layer and lower layer are formed. This optional dosing point can be via a feed line (s) from the ester reactor to the separator. In additional or alternatively, an optional dosing point can be at a point in the separator itself. The separator can be considered a type of decanter.
[0070] FIG. 1 provides a schematic diagram (simplified version) of one example of a manufacturing plant set up for the production of MMA that utilizes the present invention.
[0071] FIG. 2 provides a schematic diagram (simplified version) of a further example of a part of a manufacturing plant set up for the production of crude MMA that utilizes the present invention.
[0072] In general, for the reactors mentioned here, a reactor, such as a loop reactor can be used in connection with at least one pump, or several pumps, and at least one mixing apparatus.
[0073] The reactor generally includes at least one pump, or two or more pumps, and at least one mixing apparatus, or two or more such mixing apparatuses. The pumps are capable of ensuring the circulation of the reaction mixture in the reactor. Suitable mixing apparatuses are both mixing apparatuses with mobile elements and so-called static mixers in which immobile flow resistances are provided. For instance, for static mixers, suitable examples are those which allow an operational transfer of at least about 10 bar, for example at least about 15 bar or at least about 20 bar under operating conditions without significant restrictions in the functioning. Appropriate mixers may consist of plastic or metal. The mixer can be a rectangular mixer.
[0074] Further, while one reactor or “a reactor” is mentioned throughout for certain steps, it is to be understood that a battery of two or more reactors (e.g., 2 or more loop reactors) can be utilized in series or in parallel for one or more of the steps involving the use of a reactor.
[0075] In FIG. 1, the overall manufacturing plant 1 is shown, but it must be appreciated that every detail for the MMA production is not shown and the schematic is a simplified version of the set up.
[0076] As shown in FIG. 1, a feed line 3 of acetone cyanohydrin and a feed line 5 of sulfuric acid are used to feed the reactants into a reactor 7 (e.g., a hydrolysis reactor) equipped with a stirrer 9. Reactor 7 can be a loop reactor. The sulfuric acid is generally concentrated sulfuric acid. Feed line 3 can be fed from a reservoir tank (not shown) and feed line 5 can be fed from a different reservoir tank (not shown) . The acetone cyanohydrin can be made on-site or off-site. The circulation streams that pass through the reactor 7 can be, for instance, from about 100 to 450 m3 / h, such as from 200 to 400 m3 / h or from 250 to 350 m3 / h. The ratio of the reactants in the reactor 7 can be such that an excess of sulfuric acid is optionally present. The excess of sulfuric acid can be, based on the molar ratio (sulfuric acid: acetone cyanohydrin) of from about 1.8: 1 to about 3: 1 in the reactor. The temperature in the reaction mixture can be from about 90 to about 120 ℃. The resulting first solution that includes a sulfate ester of a methacrylate exits the reactor 7 from an exit line 11 that is fluidly connected to a heater or cracker or cracking unit 13. For instance, the cracker 13 can subject the first solution to a temperature of about 140 to about 180 ℃ (for 1 minute to 30 minutes or 1 minute to 5 minutes) to preferably complete the reaction and to form the methacrylamide. An exit line 15 from the cracker 13 fluidly feeds into a cooler or cooling unit or heat exchanger 17 and exit line 23 from the cooler 17 fluidly feeds into an ester reactor 19. The cooler reduces the temperature of the first solution to approximately 90 to about 120 ℃.
[0077] The ester reactor 19 can be a loop reactor. The ester reactor 19 can be heated, for instance so that the first solution is at a temperature of about 100 to about 180 ℃. Methanol is fed into the ester reactor 19 via a feed line 21. Treatment product 100 is fed into the ester reactor 19 via a dosing line 101 which can be achieved with one or more pumps and metering devices. The amount of the first solution (e.g., the amide solution) and of the alkanol (e.g., methanol) can have a total molar ratio of amide to alkanol of from about 1: 1.1 to about 1: 1.6 or from about 1: 1.4 to about 1: 1.6. The reactor 19 or tank is also charged with water, so that there is a total water concentration in the reactor of from about 13%to about 26%by weight, in particular about 18%to about 20%by weight, based on the total weight of components present in the reactor 19. The water can be partly or entirely fed from upstream parts of the process, and fed via feed line 45 to the ester reactor 19. The water can in part or entirely be fed from a virgin water supply (not shown) .
[0078] In the ester reactor 19, the second solution is formed. The second solution exits the ester reactor 19 via an exit line 25 that is fluidly connected to a separator 27, which separates the second solution into an upper layer 27 and a lower layer 31. Prior to the separator 27, the second solution exiting the ester reactor may be in vapor form and can pass through one or more heat exchangers to cause condensation. The separator 27 can be considered a phase separator, where the organic phase (e.g., methacrylic ester) is separated from the aqueous phase (e.g., the water, acid water, and organic compounds such as methanol) .
[0079] The lower layer 31 exists through exit line 35 to an acid stripper 37 (which can a flotation vessel or tank) . Steam is fed into the acid stripper 37 via a steam line 39. The treatment product can be fed into the acid stripper 37 via dosing line 103 (with the use of at least one pump and a metering device) . The volatiles from the acid stripping exit through exit line 41 and can be passed through one or more heat exchangers in order to condense these volatiles. This exit line 41 fluidly ties into line 45 that returns this feed to the ester reactor 19. The water, acid water, and any non-volatiles and acid residue are captured via exit line 43 into a collection tank (s) (not shown) . The upper layer 27 exits through exit line 33 to a flash column 47 (which can be a distillation column) . The flash column separates the MMA product from the lower boiling point impurities, such as acetone, methyl formate, dimethyl ether and other light ends. The impurities, such as dimethyl ether and light ends exit the flash column 47 via exit line 49 and generally pass through one or more heat exchangers so as to form a condensate. The dimethyl ether and light ends are recovered via line 50. A portion of the volatiles can be fed as reflux into the top of the column 47 via feed line 51.
[0080] The exit line 53 from the flash column 47 is fluidly connected to a wash column 55 where aqueous ammonia (NH3) is introduced via a feed line 57. The washed MMA product exits via line 59 (due to phase separation and density difference) to a dehydration column 61. The residual product (i.e., the aqueous phase) from the wash column 55 exists via line 45 and is looped back to the ester reactor 19 and can serve primarily as the water content for the ester reaction.
[0081] In the dehydration column 61, the extracted water exits via line 63 and is recovered in collection tank 65. A portion of the extracted water can be used as a reflux and any non-water products are returned to the dehydration column 61 via a line 67. The MMA product exits the dehydration column 61 via line 69 that is fluidly connected to a product distillation column 71. This distillation removes high boiling point impurities from the MMA. The distillation bottoms (e.g., methacrylic ester, hydroxyisobutyric ester, methacrylic acid) exit via line 79 to a recovery tank. Line 79 can pass through one or more heat exchangers to reduce the temperature of the bottoms. The MMA product exits via line 73 to one or more heat exchangers to form a condensate and then to an MMA collection tank 75 and any non-MMA product is returned to the product distillation tank 71 via line 77.
[0082] In FIG. 2, a partial manufacturing plant 300 is shown, but it must be appreciated that every detail for the MMA production is not shown and the schematic is a simplified version of the set up.
[0083] As shown in FIG. 2, an acetone cyanohydrin reactor 311 is shown where a feed line of acetone 301, a feed line of hydrogen cyanide 303, a feed line of sodium hydroxide 305 are introduced into the reactor 311 with a cooling water jacket 309. The reactor 311 is equipped with a stirrer. The reaction product that includes acetone cyanohydrin exits the reactor 311 at the bottom and optionally passes through a neutralizer 313. The reaction product or neutralized reaction product then enters a column that can be heated where acetone recovery occurs by creating volatile acetone and this recovered acetone 315 is feed back to the reactor 311. The remainder of the acetone cyanohydrin is feed as a feed line 340 to an MMA sulphate reactor 317 and where a feed line 345 of sulfuric acid (e.g., 48%concentrate) is also feed as reactants into a reactor 317 (e.g., a hydrolysis reactor) equipped with a stirrer. A cooling jacket 319 can be installed on reactor 317. Reactor 317 can be a loop reactor. The sulfuric acid is generally concentrated sulfuric acid. Feed line 345 can be fed from a reservoir tank (not shown) . The acetone cyanohydrin can be made on-site or off-site. The circulation streams that pass through the reactor 317 can be, for instance, from about 100 to 450 m3 / h, such as from 200 to 400 m3 / h or from 250 to 350 m3 / h. The ratio of the reactants in the reactor 317 can be such that an excess of sulfuric acid is optionally present. The excess of sulfuric acid can be, based on the molar ratio (sulfuric acid: acetone cyanohydrin) of from about 1.8: 1 to about 3: 1 in the reactor. The temperature in the reaction mixture can be from about 90 to about 120 ℃. The resulting first solution that includes a sulfate ester of a methacrylate exits the reactor 317 from an exit line 347 that can optionally be fluidly connected to a heater or cracker or cracking unit (not shown) . These units can be as described earlier for FIG. 1. The exit line 347 from reactor 317 fluidly feeds into an ester reactor 321.
[0084] The ester reactor 321 can be a loop reactor. The ester reactor 321 can be heated, for instance so that the first solution is at a temperature of about 100 to about 180 ℃. Methanol is fed into the ester reactor 321 via a feed line 349. The treatment product of the present invention can be fed or dosed or introduced at any one or more points shown in FIG. 2 as a Δ. As shown in FIG. 2, the treatment product Δ can be introduced or dosed in the ester reactor 321, the feed line 351 from the ester reactor 321, the lower layer of the separator or decanter 325, the exit line of the lower layer of the decanter 335, and / or the acid stripper column 323. As indicated, the dosing of the treatment product can be achieved with one or more pumps and metering devices. The previous details of the hydrolysis reactor and / or the ester reactor from FIG. 1 can equally apply here.
[0085] In the ester reactor 321, the second solution is formed. The second solution exits the ester reactor 321 via an exit line 351 that is fluidly connected to a decanter 325 or separator, which separates the second solution into an upper layer and a lower layer. Prior to the decanter or separator, the second solution exiting the ester reactor may be in vapor form and can pass through one or more heat exchangers (not shown) to cause condensation. The decanter 325 can be considered a phase separator, where the organic phase (e.g., methacrylic ester) is separated from the aqueous phase (e.g., the water, acid water, and organic compounds such as methanol) .
[0086] The lower layer formed in the decanter 325 exists through exit line 335 to an acid stripper column 323 (which can be a flotation vessel or tank) . Steam 333 is fed into the acid stripper column 323 via a steam line. The treatment product can be fed into the acid stripper column 323 via a dosing line (with the use of at least one pump and a metering device) . The volatiles from the acid stripping exit through exit line 353 and can be passed through one or more heat exchangers (not shown) in order to condense these volatiles. This exit line 353 fluidly ties into line 349 that returns this feed to the ester reactor 321. The water, acid water, and any non-volatiles and acid residue are captured via exit line 335 into a collection tank (s) (not shown) . The upper layer formed in the decanter 325 exits through exit line 355 to an extraction column 327. The column 327 separates the crude MMA from aqueous components and use a feed line of water 331 to wash the crude MMA product. The non-MMA residuals exit from the column 327 via exit line 337 and can be recycled back to ester reactor 321. The crude MMA exits via an exit line 329 for further processing (not shown) . This further processing can be one or more of the steps shown in FIG. 1.
[0087] The present invention further relates to a method to disperse polymer asphaltenes in a solution. The method comprises, consists of, or includes combining or mixing the treatment product that includes at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester to the solution. The solution comprises or includes spent sulfuric acid, water, and the polymer asphaltenes, and optionally methyl methacrylate and optionally methanol.
[0088] As described herein, when the treatment product is ‘combined or mixed’ into a solution, the treatment product is added to the solution via a feed line or metering line and the treatment product is dispersed or distributed throughout the solution being treated. A stirrer or other agitation device (e.g., mechanical agitation device) can be utilized.
[0089] The present invention further relates to a solution that comprises, consists of, or includes at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester, sulfuric acid, water, and polymer asphaltenes dispersed in the solution, and optionally methyl methacrylate and optionally methanol, as described herein. The solution may further contain at least one surfactant and / or at least one solvent as described herein.
[0090] The present invention further relates to a test method to determine the ability of a treatment product to disperse polymer asphaltenes in methyl methacrylate acid water. The test method comprises, consists of, consists essentially of, or includes combining an amount of an acid water with an amount of polymer asphaltenes in a container (and optionally mixing the contents) and adding a treatment product, and then vibrating or shaking the container, and then visual observe for adhesion of particles on a wall of the container at or near a liquid level of the container, and optionally measure a width of an oil film at the liquid level after the liquid contents are emptied.
[0091] The container can be a vial, test tube, glass bottle, plastic bottle, a beaker, and the like. Generally, the container is releasably sealable, such as with a screw cap, stopper, or lid or the like. The container can, for instance, hold a volume of from about 25 ml to 500 ml or more. Any volume sized container can be used as long as the sample being tested is a volume that is compatible with the container and vice versa.
[0092] The acid water can be an actual sample from an MMA facility or can be a simulated sample that is produced in a lab. The amount of the acid water utilized for the test method can be from about 10 ml to about 100 ml or more. A specific example can be 30 ml.
[0093] The polymer asphaltenes can be from an MMA facility or can be a simulated sample that is produced in a lab. The amount of polymer asphaltenes utilized in the test method can be from about 0.01 g to 0.1 g or more. A specific example can be 0.03 gram.
[0094] The vol / wt ratio (in ml / g) of the acid water (in ml) to polymer asphaltenes (in grams) for the test sample can be from about 300 to 2,500 or higher. A specific vol / wt ratio can be 1,000 ± 200 or 1,000 ± 100, or 1,000 ±50 or 1,000.
[0095] The vibrating or shaking or mixing of the sample with acid water and polymer asphaltenes (before introduction of the treatment product) can be done with any conventional mixing device, such as by hand shaking, or with a sonicator, ultrasound vibrator, shaker, magnetic mixer, whisk, ultrasonic oscillator, mechanical stirrer and the like. The mixing can be from about 30 seconds to 5 minutes or more, such as from 1 minute to 2 minutes. Once the optional mixing of the polymer asphaltenes with the acid water is completed, a treatment product can be added.
[0096] The treatment product can be as described herein (the treatment product of the present invention) or this test method can test other treatment products to test their effectiveness in dispersing polymer asphaltenes in acid water. The amount of treatment product added to the test sample can be any amount such as from about 0.01 g to 0.1 g or more. A specific example is 0.03 gram. As a further example, the amount of treatment product can be the same or about the same amount (± 5 wt%or ± 10 wt%) as the amount of polymer asphaltenes present.
[0097] Once the treatment product to be tested is added to the container that contains the sample of acid water and polymer asphaltenes, the container can again be mixed or shaken using once of the techniques mentioned above, and preferably with an ultrasonic oscillator. This can be done for a time of from about 10 mins to 30 mins or more. The temperature of the container (i.e., the contents in the container) can be, and preferably is, from 75℃~80℃. Other temperature can be used. Preferably the temperature is at least 70℃.
[0098] The container (e.g., glass bottle) can then be observed for adhesion of particles on the container wall right below the liquid level inside the container. The less particles observed means that the polymer asphaltene was better dispersed in the liquid sample. The amount of particles can be compared to a control where no treatment product is utilized. The amount of particles can be visually observed and / or the amount of particles can be measured / quantified using an analytical device such as but not limited to an optical particle counter or light scattering particle counters, using direct imaging, or a spectrometer, and the like.
[0099] The container can then optionally be left undisturbed for a period of time, such as from about 10 minutes to 1 hour or more, such as about 30 minutes at room temperature (25℃~30℃) and then the liquid contents can be removed or emptied so that the width of the oil film near the original liquid level of the container can be observed and optionally measured. The wider the oil film, the better the dispersion performance. Again, the width of the oil film can be compared to a control where no treatment product is utilized. The amount or width of the oil film can be visually observed and / or the amount or width of the oil film can be measured / quantified using an analytical device such as but not limited to a microscope, an optical particle counter or light scattering particle counters, using direct imaging, or a spectrometer, and the like.
[0100] The test method can be manually done or can be incorporated into an automated or semi-automated test measuring device that can utilize a computer program and / or software to operate and provide the measurements described herein. The test method (or test measuring device) can be run by a control unit and this can be or include a computing system, which can include, for example, a general processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) for continuously processing digital signals, a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , an integrated circuit consisting of logic elements, a field programmable logic array (FPGA) , or other integrated circuits (IC) or hardware components for carrying out the individual method steps described herein. The computing system can further include a memory that stores a data-processing program (software) that can run on the hardware components in order to carry out the method steps. The computing system can further include a user interface. The user interface can include hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof to enable a user to communicate and send commands to computing system. For example, the user interface can include, but is not limited to, a display, a touch-screen display, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a virtual reality interface, an augmented reality interface, a voice command interface, one or more speakers, one or more microphones, combinations thereof, and the like. Software and / or programs to run the control unit and / or computing system can be non-transitory computer programs.
[0101] Example 1 below provides one example of this test method.
[0102] The present invention will be further clarified by the following examples, which are intended to be purely exemplary of the present invention, in which parts are proportions by weight unless otherwise specified.
[0103] EXAMPLES
[0104] Example 1.
[0105] Lab test for effectiveness of MMA dispersants.
[0106] In this example, laboratory tests were performed to determine the ability of the treatment product of the present invention to disperse polymer asphaltenes in MMA acidic water.
[0107] Specifically, acidic water that contained spent acid from an MMA production facility was obtained (30 ml) and this was added to a 35 ml glass bottle or vial. Then, 0.030 g of polymer asphaltene (from an MMA production facility) was obtained and added to the glass bottle. For this experiment, there were four glass bottles with the acidic water and polymer asphaltene amounts. All glass bottles were shaken by hand for about 1 to 2 minutes. Then, in one of the glass bottles, 0.030 g of the treatment product of the present invention was added, namely BULAB 8226 from Buckman Laboratories, Inc. One of the four glass bottles was a control (Blank) and contained no treatment product or dispersant. To one of the glass bottles (Comparative I) , a commercially available dispersant agent was utilized at 0.030 g and to one of the other glass bottles (Comparative II) , a second commercially available dispersant agent was added in an amount of 0.030 g. Both Comparative I and II did not contain any amide of a fatty acid or a fatty acid ester. Each glass bottle received a lid.
[0108] Each glass bottle was then put in an ultrasonic oscillator with a set temperature of at 75℃~80℃, and ultrasonically vibrated for about 30 minutes. Each of the glass bottles were then removed and left untouched for about 5 minutes at room temperature (about 25℃) . Each of the glass bottles were then observed for adhesion of particles on the bottle wall below the liquid level. The less particles observed meant that the polymer asphaltene was better dispersed in the liquid. The results in the Table below show that BULAB 8226 had the least amount of particles observed, which was essentially none, while the Blank (Control) had the most (+++) . The Comparative I and II had particles observed which were less than the Control but much more than BULAB 8226.
[0109] These glass bottles were left undisturbed for about 30 minutes at room temperature and the contents were emptied so that the width of the oil film near the original liquid level could be observed and measured. The wider the oil film, the better the dispersion performance. The results in the Table below show that BULAB 8226 had the largest width for the oil film (++++) , while the Blank (Control) had essentially no oil film formed ( / ) . The Comparative I and II had oil film widths but much smaller than the oil film width of BULAB 8226.
[0110] TABLE
[0111] Example 2.
[0112] In this example, experiments were conducted at a methyl methacrylate (MMA) plant in China which is designed to produce about 12.5 tons MMA / Hr and about 100,000 tons annually. The MMA plant used the conventional or typical acetone cyanohydrin route to produce MMA. In this particular example, the MMA plant used an acid stripper and the acid stripper would need to be shut down when the polymer asphaltenes on the acid water surface were at a level in the acid stripper such that when 65%by volume of the acid stripper had a polymer asphaltene level. This occurred about ever 15 days of 24-hour operation using a traditional dispersant (that did not contain any amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester) . When this occurred, the acid stripper was shut down and the MMA plant had to use the standby acid stripper, so that the primary acid stripper could be cleaned.
[0113] In this experiment, the treatment product of the present invention, here, a DMASO base formulation (BULAB 8226 product) was added to the ester reactor on a continuous basis at a feed rate of about 7.5kg / Hr. Further, about 5 kg / Hr of the treatment product was also fed to the acid stripper on a continuous basis. When this treatment was performed, the acid stripper operated for 63 days without needing to be shut down and cleaned. Further, when the acid stripper was cleaned, the polymer asphaltenes removed from the acid stripper were observed to be less sticky as compared to the traditional dispersant. Further, the MMA quality and amount remain at the same level with the present invention’s method compared to the previous method used at this MMA plant.
[0114] With the present invention, and the use of the treatment product as described herein, the polymer asphaltenes (at least a larger weight percentage) can be dispersed in solution (e.g., in the product stream or reaction stream or acid water) compared to previously used dispersants or compared to controls where no dispersant is used.
[0115] With the present invention, and the use of the treatment product as described herein, the polymer asphaltenes (at least a portion thereof and preferably at least a by weight majority) can remain dispersed in solution (e.g., in the product stream or reaction stream or acid water) for a longer period of time compared to previously used dispersants or compared to controls where no dispersant is used.
[0116] The present invention includes the following aspects / embodiments / features in any order and / or in any combination:
[0117] 1. The present invention in part relates to a method for preparing methyl methacrylate, said method comprising:
[0118] a. hydrolyzing acetone cyanohydrin in the presence of at least sulfuric acid to form a first solution comprising a sulfate ester of a methacrylamide;
[0119] b. reacting the sulfate ester of the methacrylamide with at least methanol to form a second solution that comprises methyl methacrylate, ammonium bisulfate, and polymer asphaltenes;
[0120] c. mixing or combining a treatment product comprising at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester with i) the second solution and / or ii) to a precursor thereof before formation of the second solution and / or iii) a part of the second solution (e.g., a part separated by a separation step or reaction) ; and
[0121] d. recovering at least a portion of the methyl methacrylate from the second solution.
[0122] 2. The method of any preceding or following embodiment / feature / aspect, wherein said method further comprising separating the second solution to an upper layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer comprises a majority by weight of the methyl methacrylate, based on weight of the second solution, and the lower layer comprises water, spent sulfuric acid, and solids, wherein the solids comprise at least a portion of the polymer asphaltenes.
[0123] 3. The method of any preceding or following embodiment / feature / aspect, wherein said method further comprising mixing or combining a further treatment product comprising at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester with the lower layer after separating from the upper layer.
[0124] 4. The method of any preceding or following embodiment / feature / aspect, wherein said mixing or combining the further treatment product with the lower layer after separating from the upper layer is done during an acid stripping process of the lower layer in a column with the application of steam.
[0125] 5. The method of any preceding or following embodiment / feature / aspect, wherein the lower layer, due to the acid stripping process, is separated into i) a lower fraction that comprises an acid residue, water, and at least a portion of the polymer asphaltenes and ii) a volatile portion.
[0126] 6. The method of any preceding or following embodiment / feature / aspect, wherein the at least one amide of the fatty acid or fatty acid ester results in at least a portion of the polymer asphaltenes to be less agglomerated and / or less sticky and / or more dispersed in solution, as compared to when no amide of the fatty acid or fatty acid ester is used.
[0127] 7. The method of any preceding or following embodiment / feature / aspect, wherein the polymer asphaltenes comprise a methyl methacrylate polymer, a methacrylic acid, a methacrylic amide, or any combinations thereof.
[0128] 8. The method of any preceding or following embodiment / feature / aspect, wherein the polymer asphaltenes comprise at least 50%by weight of methyl methacrylate polymers, based on the total weight of the polymer asphaltenes.
[0129] 9. The method of any preceding or following embodiment / feature / aspect, wherein the polymer asphaltenes are capable of remaining primarily dispersed in solution in said lower fraction for at least 15 days at 110 deg C and 1.1 atm.
[0130] 10. The method of any preceding or following embodiment / feature / aspect, wherein the polymer asphaltenes are capable of remaining primarily dispersed in solution in said lower fraction for at least 30 days at 110 deg C and 1.1 atm.
[0131] 11. The present invention further relates to a method to disperse polymer asphaltenes in a solution, said method comprising combining or mixing at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester to the solution, and wherein the solution comprises spent sulfuric acid, water, and the polymer asphaltenes, and optionally methyl methacrylate and optionally methanol.
[0132] 12. The method of any preceding or following embodiment / feature / aspect, wherein the at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester is a dimethylamide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester.
[0133] 13. The method of any preceding or following embodiment / feature / aspect, wherein the at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester is a dimethylamide of a soybean oil.
[0134] 14. The present invention further relates to a solution comprising at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester, sulfuric acid, water, and polymer asphaltenes dispersed in the solution, and optionally methyl methacrylate and optionally methanol.
[0135] 15. The method of any preceding or following embodiment / feature / aspect, wherein treatment product further comprises at least one hydrophilic surfactant.
[0136] 16. The method of any preceding or following embodiment / feature / aspect, wherein the treatment product comprises from about 10%to about 90%by weight of said at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester, based on total weight of the treatment product.
[0137] 17. The method of any preceding or following embodiment / feature / aspect, wherein the treatment product comprises from about 10 wt%to about 50 wt%of said at least one hydrophilic surfactant, based on total weight of the treatment product.
[0138] 18. The method of any preceding or following embodiment / feature / aspect, wherein the treatment product is utilized in an amount of from about 0.2 kg to about 2 kg per 1000 kg of said methyl methacrylate produced.
[0139] 19. The method of any preceding or following embodiment / feature / aspect, wherein the treatment product is dosed on a continuous or semi-continuous basis during the formation of said methyl methacrylate.
[0140] 20. The present invention further relates to a test method to determine the ability of a treatment product to disperse polymer asphaltenes in methyl methacrylate acid water, said method comprising combining an amount of an acid water with an amount of polymer asphaltenes in a container and adding a treatment product to be tested, and then vibrating or shaking the container, and then visual observe for adhesion of particles on a wall of the container at or near a liquid level of the container, and optionally measure a width of an oil film at the liquid level after emptying the contents in the container.
[0141] 21. The method of any preceding or following embodiment / feature / aspect, wherein the treatment product comprises at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester and optionally, at least one hydrophilic surfactant.
[0142] The present invention can include any combination of these various features or embodiments above and / or below as set forth in sentences and / or paragraphs. Any combination of disclosed features herein is considered part of the present invention and no limitation is intended with respect to combinable features.
[0143] Applicants specifically incorporate the entire contents of all cited references in this disclosure. Further, when an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is given as either a range, preferred range, or a list of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. Where a range of numerical values is recited herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof, and all integers and fractions within the range. It is not intended that the scope of the invention be limited to the specific values recited when defining a range.
[0144] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers other modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1.A method for preparing methyl methacrylate, said method comprising:a. hydrolyzing acetone cyanohydrin in the presence of at least sulfuric acid to form a first solution comprising a sulfate ester of a methacrylamide;b. reacting the sulfate ester of the methacrylamide with at least methanol to form a second solution that comprises methyl methacrylate, ammonium bisulfate, and polymer asphaltenes;c. mixing or combining a treatment product comprising at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester with i) the second solution and / or ii) to a precursor thereof before formation of the second solution and / or iii) a part of the second solution (e.g., a part separated by a separation step or reaction) ; andd. recovering at least a portion of the methyl methacrylate from the second solution.2.The method of claim 1, said method further comprising separating the second solution to an upper layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer comprises a majority by weight of the methyl methacrylate, based on weight of the second solution, and the lower layer comprises water, spent sulfuric acid, and solids, wherein the solids comprise at least a portion of the polymer asphaltenes.3.The method of claim 2, said method further comprising mixing or combining a further treatment product comprising at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester with the lower layer after separating from the upper layer.4.The method of claim 3, wherein said mixing or combining the further treatment product with the lower layer after separating from the upper layer is done during an acid stripping process of the lower layer in a column with the application of steam.5.The method of claim 4, wherein the lower layer, due to the acid stripping process, is separated into i) a lower fraction that comprises an acid residue, water, and at least a portion of the polymer asphaltenes and ii) a volatile portion.6.The method of any preceding claim, wherein the at least one amide of the fatty acid or fatty acid ester results in at least a portion of the polymer asphaltenes to be less agglomerated and / or less sticky and / or more dispersed in solution, as compared to when no amide of the fatty acid or fatty acid ester is used.7.The method of any preceding claim, wherein the polymer asphaltenes comprise a methyl methacrylate polymer, a methacrylic acid, a methacrylic amide, or any combinations thereof.8.The method of any preceding claim, wherein the polymer asphaltenes comprise at least 50%by weight of methyl methacrylate polymers, based on the total weight of the polymer asphaltenes.9.The method of any preceding claim, wherein at least a portion of the polymer asphaltenes are capable of remaining primarily dispersed in solution in said lower fraction for at least 15 days at 110 deg C and 1.1 atm.10.The method of any preceding claim, wherein at least a portion of the polymer asphaltenes are capable of remaining primarily dispersed in solution in said lower fraction for at least 30 days at 110 deg C and 1.1 atm.11.A method to disperse polymer asphaltenes in a solution, said method comprising combining or mixing at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester to the solution or the treatment product of any preceding or following claim, and wherein the solution comprises spent sulfuric acid, water, and the polymer asphaltenes, and optionally methyl methacrylate and optionally methanol.12.The method of any preceding claim, wherein the at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester is a dimethylamide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester.13.The method of any preceding claim, wherein the at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester is a dimethylamide of a soybean oil.14.A solution comprising at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester, sulfuric acid, water, and polymer asphaltenes dispersed in the solution, and optionally methyl methacrylate and optionally methanol.15.The method of any preceding claim, wherein treatment product further comprises at least one hydrophilic surfactant.16.The method of any preceding claim, wherein the treatment product comprises from about 10%to about 90%by weight of said at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester, based on total weight of the treatment product.17.The method of any preceding claim, wherein the treatment product comprises from about 10 wt%to about 50 wt%of said at least one hydrophilic surfactant, based on total weight of the treatment product.18.The method of any preceding claim, wherein the treatment product is utilized in an amount of from about 0.2 kg to about 2 kg per 1000 kg of said methyl methacrylate produced.19.The method of any preceding claim, wherein the treatment product is dosed on a continuous or semi-continuous basis during the formation of said methyl methacrylate.20.A test method to determine the ability of a treatment product to disperse polymer asphaltenes in methyl methacrylate acid water, said method comprising combining an amount of an acid water with an amount of polymer asphaltenes in a container and adding a treatment product to be tested, and then vibrating or shaking the container, and then visual observe for adhesion of particles on a wall of the container at or near a liquid level of the container, and optionally measure a width of an oil film at the liquid level after emptying the contents in the container.21.The test method of claim 20, wherein the treatment product comprises at least one amide of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester and optionally, at least one hydrophilic surfactant.
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