Data transmission method, data processing method, and related apparatuses

Abstract

Disclosed in the embodiments of the present application are a data transmission method, a data processing method, and related apparatuses. A smaller spacing between pilot symbols in each polarization direction enables frequency offset estimation over a wider frequency range. However, ensuring a relatively small spacing between pilot symbols in each polarization direction requires inserting more pilot symbols, which may result in relatively large overheads. Therefore, in the embodiments of the present application, original positions of pilot symbols in one polarization direction remain unchanged, while pilot symbols in the other polarization direction are designed in a staggered manner; thus, a receiving device can perform frequency offset estimation by combining the pilot symbols in the two polarization directions. Since the pilot symbols in the two polarization directions are designed in a staggered manner, combining frame structures of the two polarization directions is equivalent to shortening the spacing between the pilot symbols, which facilitates the expansion of a frequency range for frequency offset estimation.

Description

A data transmission method, a data processing method and related devices

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on March 29, 2024, with application number 202410384537.6 and application name “A data transmission method, data processing method and related devices”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of communications, and in particular to a data transmission method, a data processing method, and related devices. Background Art

[0003] As crucial information infrastructure, data centers shoulder the core mission of supporting the application of new, high-bandwidth services, as well as data storage and interaction. With the rapid growth of data center scale, traffic within them has also exploded. In this context, short-haul optical interconnect technology has become a crucial technical requirement for data centers. To meet the requirements of high speed, high density, low cost, and low power consumption, data centers urgently need innovative optical interconnect technologies to support their continued development and operation.

[0004] In coherent optical transmission systems, optical signals may experience various impairments during transmission, such as fiber attenuation, dispersion, and nonlinear effects. These impairments degrade the optical signal quality, impacting system performance and reliability. Carrier frequency offset is a common impairment. It refers to the deviation between the optical carrier frequency at the receiver and the optical carrier frequency of the local oscillator laser. This frequency deviation can be caused by temperature fluctuations, optical component non-idealities, or other factors. Carrier frequency offset causes the signal's constellation points to rotate over time, making demodulation and signal recovery difficult and severely degrading system performance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a low-power, low-latency, and wide-range frequency offset estimation solution. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides a data transmission method, a data processing method and related devices, which are conducive to expanding the frequency range of frequency offset estimation and also conducive to reducing power consumption and delay of frequency offset estimation.

[0006] In the first aspect, the present application provides a data transmission method, which is applied to a sending device. Specifically, the sending device first generates a data frame. The data frame includes K symbols in the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction respectively, K is an integer greater than 1, and the K symbols in any polarization direction include Q pilot symbols and KQ payload symbols, 1≤Q<K. Every N consecutive symbols of the K symbols in the first polarization direction include 1 pilot symbol and N-1 payload symbols, K=N×Q. The position of at least one pilot symbol in the K symbols in the second polarization direction is the same as the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction. The difference between the positions is M symbols, 1≤M<N. The sending device sends a data frame to the receiving device.

[0007] In this embodiment, the transmitting device maintains the original position of the pilot symbol in one polarization direction and performs a staggered design on the pilot symbol in the other polarization direction. Then, the receiving device can combine the pilot symbols in the two polarization directions to perform frequency offset estimation. Since the pilot symbols in the two polarization directions are staggered, if the frame structures in the two polarization directions are combined, it is equivalent to shortening the interval between the pilot symbols, which is conducive to expanding the frequency range of frequency offset estimation. In addition, the method of using pilot symbols for frequency offset estimation in this application does not require the introduction of complex algorithms, and is also conducive to reducing the power consumption and delay of frequency offset estimation.

[0008] In some possible implementations, the position of each pilot symbol in the second polarization direction differs from the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction by M symbols. In other words, each pilot symbol in the second polarization direction is staggered. If the frame structures in the two polarization directions are combined, the inserted pilot symbols are denser, which is more conducive to expanding the frequency range of frequency offset estimation.

[0009] In some possible implementations, there are N-1 symbols between each two adjacent pilot symbols in the second polarization direction, so that the pilot symbols after the staggered design in the second polarization direction are still kept as equally spaced as possible, which is convenient for the receiving device to perform frame synchronization, and is also convenient for extracting pilot symbols from data frames and performing frequency offset estimation based on the pilot symbols, thereby helping to reduce power consumption and delay of frequency offset estimation.

[0010] In some possible implementations, the position of each of the first P pilot symbols in the second polarization direction differs by 0 symbol from the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction. Starting from the P+1th pilot symbol, the position of each pilot symbol in the second polarization direction differs by M symbols from the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction, where 1<P<Q. In other words, some pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are aligned with the pilot symbols in the first polarization direction, while another portion of pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are staggered, enhancing the flexibility of this solution.

[0011] In some possible implementations, there are N-1 symbols between each adjacent two pilot symbols in the first P pilot symbols in the second polarization direction, and there are N-1 symbols between each adjacent two pilot symbols starting from the P+1th pilot symbol in the second polarization direction, so that the pilot symbols after the staggered design in the second polarization direction are still kept as equally spaced as possible, which is convenient for the receiving device to perform frame synchronization, and is also convenient for extracting pilot symbols from the data frame and performing frequency offset estimation based on the pilot symbols, thereby helping to reduce the power consumption and delay of frequency offset estimation.

[0012] In some possible embodiments, the rth pilot symbol of the data frame in the first polarization direction is located at the first symbol position among K symbols, and the rth pilot symbol of the data frame in the second polarization direction is located at the second symbol position among K symbols. The difference between the first symbol position and the second symbol position is M symbols, and 1≤r≤Q.

[0013] In some possible implementations, N=64, Q=96; or, N=64, Q=114; or, N=32, Q=116.

[0014] In some possible implementations, N=64, M=6, 12, 16, 24, or 32.

[0015] In some possible implementations, each pilot symbol in the first polarization direction is located at a starting position among the consecutive N symbols.

[0016] In the second aspect, the present application provides a data processing method, which is applied to a receiving device. Specifically, the receiving device receives a target data frame after the original data frame sent by the sending device is transmitted through a channel. The original data frame includes K symbols in the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction respectively, K is an integer greater than 1, and the K symbols in any polarization direction include Q pilot symbols and KQ payload symbols, 1≤Q<K. Every N consecutive symbols of the K symbols in the first polarization direction include 1 pilot symbol and N-1 payload symbols, K=N×Q. The position of at least one pilot symbol in the K symbols in the second polarization direction differs by M symbols from the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction, 1≤M<N. The receiving device stores the target data frame.

[0017] In some possible implementations, the method further includes: determining a first frequency offset estimation value based on pilot symbols in two polarization directions in the target data frame. In other words, the present application provides a dual-polarization combined frequency offset estimation method. Since the pilot symbols in the two polarization directions are staggered, if the frame structures in the two polarization directions are combined, it is equivalent to shortening the interval between the pilot symbols, which is beneficial to expanding the frequency range of the frequency offset estimation. In addition, the method of using pilot symbols for frequency offset estimation in the present application does not require the introduction of complex algorithms, and is also beneficial to reducing the power consumption and delay of frequency offset estimation.

[0018] In some possible implementations, determining the first frequency offset estimate based on pilot symbols in the target data frame in two polarization directions includes: obtaining a target pilot sequence and a preset original pilot sequence in the target data frame, wherein the target pilot sequence includes a total of 2×Q pilot symbols in the target data frame in two polarization directions, and the original pilot sequence includes a total of 2×Q pilot symbols in the original data frame in two polarization directions. Determining the first frequency offset estimate based on the original pilot sequence and the target pilot sequence.

[0019] In some possible implementations, determining the first frequency offset estimate based on the original pilot sequence and the target pilot sequence includes: performing conjugate multiplication on Q pilot symbols in a first polarization direction in the original pilot sequence with Q pilot symbols in the first polarization direction in the target pilot sequence in a one-to-one correspondence to obtain Q first values; performing conjugate multiplication on Q pilot symbols in a second polarization direction in the original pilot sequence with Q pilot symbols in the second polarization direction in the target pilot sequence in a one-to-one correspondence to obtain Q second values; and performing conjugate multiplication on the Q first values ​​with the Q second values ​​in a one-to-one correspondence to obtain Q third values. Determining the first frequency offset estimate based on the Q third values.

[0020] In some possible implementations, in the original data frame, the position of each pilot symbol in the second polarization direction differs from the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction by M symbols. Determining the first frequency offset estimate based on the Q third values ​​includes: obtaining a phase average of the Q third values; and dividing the phase average by the offset time to obtain the first frequency offset estimate. The offset time = M × T, where T represents the inverse of the symbol rate.

[0021] In some possible implementations, in the original data frame, the position of each of the first P pilot symbols in the second polarization direction differs by 0 symbol from the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction, and the position of each pilot symbol starting from the P+1th pilot symbol in the second polarization direction differs by M symbols from the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction, where 1<P<Q. Determining a first frequency offset estimate based on the Q third values ​​includes: obtaining a first phase average of the first P third values ​​among the Q third values, obtaining a second phase average of QP third values ​​excluding the first P third values ​​among the Q third values; determining a difference between the second phase average and the first phase average, and dividing the difference by a shift time to obtain the first frequency offset estimate, where shift time = M×T, and T represents the inverse of the symbol rate.

[0022] In some possible implementations, after determining the first frequency offset estimation value, the method further includes: performing frequency offset compensation on the Q pilot symbols in the first polarization direction in the target data frame according to the first frequency offset estimation value, and performing frequency offset tracking on the Q pilot symbols after the frequency offset compensation to obtain a second frequency offset estimation value; or, performing frequency offset compensation on the Q pilot symbols in the second polarization direction in the target data frame according to the first frequency offset estimation value, and performing frequency offset tracking on the Q pilot symbols after the frequency offset compensation to obtain a second frequency offset estimation value.

[0023] In some possible implementations, after obtaining the second frequency offset estimate, the method further includes: summing the first frequency offset estimate and the second frequency offset estimate to obtain a third frequency offset estimate. That is, after obtaining the first frequency offset estimate using the dual-polarization combined frequency offset estimation method, a frequency offset tracking algorithm may be further used to perform a detailed frequency offset estimation to obtain a second frequency offset estimate, and then summing the first and second frequency offset estimates to further improve the accuracy of the frequency offset estimation.

[0024] In a third aspect, the present application provides a communication device. The communication device includes: a processing unit and a transceiver unit. The processing unit is used to: generate a data frame. The data frame includes K symbols in a first polarization direction and a second polarization direction respectively, K is an integer greater than 1, and the K symbols in any polarization direction include Q pilot symbols and KQ payload symbols, 1≤Q<K. Every N consecutive symbols of the K symbols in the first polarization direction include 1 pilot symbol and N-1 payload symbols, K=N×Q. The position of at least one pilot symbol in the K symbols in the second polarization direction differs by M symbols from the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction, 1≤M<N. The transceiver is used to: send a data frame.

[0025] In some possible implementations, the position of each pilot symbol in the second polarization direction differs from the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction by M symbols.

[0026] In some possible implementations, there are N-1 symbols between every two adjacent pilot symbols in the second polarization direction.

[0027] In some possible embodiments, the position of each pilot symbol among the first P pilot symbols in the second polarization direction differs from the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction by 0 symbol, and the position of each pilot symbol starting from the P+1th pilot symbol in the second polarization direction differs from the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction by M symbols, 1<P<Q.

[0028] In some possible implementations, there are N-1 symbols between each adjacent two pilot symbols in the first P pilot symbols in the second polarization direction, and there are N-1 symbols between each adjacent two pilot symbols starting from the P+1th pilot symbol in the second polarization direction.

[0029] In some possible embodiments, the rth pilot symbol of the data frame in the first polarization direction is located at the first symbol position among K symbols, and the rth pilot symbol of the data frame in the second polarization direction is located at the second symbol position among K symbols. The difference between the first symbol position and the second symbol position is M symbols, and 1≤r≤Q.

[0030] In some possible implementations, N=64, Q=96; or, N=64, Q=114; or, N=32, Q=116.

[0031] In some possible implementations, N=64, M=6, 12, 16, 24, or 32.

[0032] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a communication device. The communication device includes: a processing unit and a transceiver unit. The transceiver unit is used to: receive a target data frame after the original data frame sent by the sending device is transmitted through the channel. The original data frame includes K symbols in the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction respectively, K is an integer greater than 1, and the K symbols in any polarization direction include Q pilot symbols and KQ payload symbols, 1≤Q<K. Every N consecutive symbols of the K symbols in the first polarization direction include 1 pilot symbol and N-1 payload symbols, K=N×Q. The position of at least one pilot symbol in the K symbols in the second polarization direction differs by M symbols from the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction, 1≤M<N. The processing unit is used to: store the target data frame.

[0033] In some possible implementations, the processing unit is further configured to: determine a first frequency offset estimation value according to pilot symbols in two polarization directions in the target data frame.

[0034] In some possible implementations, the processing unit is specifically configured to: obtain a target pilot sequence and a preset original pilot sequence in a target data frame, wherein the target pilot sequence includes a total of 2×Q pilot symbols in the target data frame in two polarization directions, and the original pilot sequence includes a total of 2×Q pilot symbols in the original data frame in two polarization directions; and determine a first frequency offset estimate based on the original pilot sequence and the target pilot sequence.

[0035] In some possible implementations, the processing unit is specifically used to: perform conjugate multiplication on the Q pilot symbols in the first polarization direction in the original pilot sequence with the Q pilot symbols in the first polarization direction in the target pilot sequence in a one-to-one correspondence to obtain Q first values; perform conjugate multiplication on the Q pilot symbols in the second polarization direction in the original pilot sequence with the Q pilot symbols in the second polarization direction in the target pilot sequence in a one-to-one correspondence to obtain Q second values; perform conjugate multiplication on the Q first values ​​with the Q second values ​​in a one-to-one correspondence to obtain Q third values; and determine a first frequency offset estimate value based on the Q third values.

[0036] In some possible implementations, in the original data frame, the position of each pilot symbol in the second polarization direction differs from the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction by M symbols. The processing unit is specifically configured to: obtain a phase average of Q third values; and divide the phase average by the offset time to obtain a first frequency offset estimate. The offset time = M × T, where T represents the inverse of the symbol rate.

[0037] In some possible implementations, in the original data frame, the position of each of the first P pilot symbols in the second polarization direction differs by 0 symbols from the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction, and the position of each pilot symbol starting from the P+1th pilot symbol in the second polarization direction differs by M symbols from the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction, where 1<P<Q. The processing unit is specifically configured to: obtain a first phase average of the first P third values ​​among the Q third values, and obtain a second phase average of QP third values ​​among the Q third values ​​excluding the first P third values; determine the difference between the second phase average and the first phase average, and divide the difference by the offset time to obtain a first frequency offset estimate. Wherein, the offset time = M×T, where T represents the inverse of the symbol rate.

[0038] In some possible implementations, after determining the first frequency offset estimation value, the processing unit is further used to: perform frequency offset compensation on the Q pilot symbols in the first polarization direction in the target data frame according to the first frequency offset estimation value, and perform frequency offset tracking on the Q pilot symbols after the frequency offset compensation to obtain a second frequency offset estimation value; or, perform frequency offset compensation on the Q pilot symbols in the second polarization direction in the target data frame according to the first frequency offset estimation value, and perform frequency offset tracking on the Q pilot symbols after the frequency offset compensation to obtain a second frequency offset estimation value.

[0039] In some possible implementations, after obtaining the second frequency offset estimation value, the processing unit is further configured to: sum the first frequency offset estimation value and the second frequency offset estimation value to obtain a third frequency offset estimation value.

[0040] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a chip comprising a processor configured to execute the method described in any one of the embodiments of the first and second aspects.

[0041] In a sixth aspect, the present application provides an optical module, which includes a processor and an interface circuit, the interface circuit is used to receive and send signals, and the processor is used to execute the method described in any embodiment of the first aspect and the second aspect.

[0042] In a seventh aspect, the present application provides a sending device, which includes a processor and an interface circuit, the interface circuit is used to receive and send signals, and the sending device is used to execute the method described in any embodiment of the first aspect.

[0043] In an eighth aspect, the present application provides a receiving device, which includes a processor and an interface circuit, the interface circuit is used to receive and send signals, and the receiving device is used to execute the method described in any embodiment of the second aspect.

[0044] In a ninth aspect, the present application provides a communication system, which includes a sending device as described in the seventh aspect and a receiving device as described in the eighth aspect.

[0045] In a tenth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon. When the instructions are executed by a computer, the method described in any one of the embodiments of the first and second aspects is implemented.

[0046] In an eleventh aspect, the present application provides a computer program product, which includes program instructions. When the computer program product is executed, it is used to implement the method introduced in any embodiment of the first and second aspects above.

[0047] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that this application has the following advantages:

[0048] In the present application, the data frame includes K symbols in two polarization directions respectively, and the K symbols include Q pilot symbols and KQ payload symbols. Among them, the positions of the pilot symbols in the two polarization directions are not completely aligned, that is, there is at least one group of corresponding pilot symbols in the two polarization directions that differ by M symbols. It should be understood that the smaller the interval between the pilot symbols in each polarization direction, the larger the frequency range in which frequency offset estimation can be achieved. However, if the interval between the pilot symbols in each polarization direction is to be kept small, more pilot symbols need to be inserted, which will bring about a large overhead. Therefore, the transmitting device of the present application keeps the original position of the pilot symbol unchanged in one polarization direction, and performs a staggered design on the pilot symbol in the other polarization direction. Then, the receiving device can perform frequency offset estimation based on the pilot symbols in the two polarization directions. Since the pilot symbols in the two polarization directions are staggered, if the frame structures in the two polarization directions are combined, it is equivalent to shortening the interval between the pilot symbols, which is conducive to expanding the frequency range of frequency offset estimation. Furthermore, the method of using pilot symbols to perform frequency offset estimation in the present application does not require the introduction of complex algorithms, and is also beneficial for reducing power consumption and delay of frequency offset estimation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system used in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of a data processor at the originating end according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the data processor at the originating end in an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] FIG4 is a flow chart of a method for data transmission and data processing according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a data frame according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of symbols on a constellation diagram in an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a data frame in two polarization directions according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of another structure of a data frame in two polarization directions according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of another structure of a data frame in two polarization directions according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] FIG10 is a flow chart of a method for frequency offset estimation performed by a receiving device in an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of calculation operations of a receiving device performing frequency offset estimation in an embodiment of the present application;

[0060] FIG12 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0061] FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0062] FIG14 is a schematic structural diagram of a sending device in an embodiment of the present application;

[0063] FIG15 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving device in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] The embodiments of the present application provide a data transmission method, a data processing method, and related devices, which are conducive to expanding the frequency range of frequency offset estimation and also conducive to reducing power consumption and delay of frequency offset estimation.

[0065] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system used in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 1, at the transmitting end, the information source provides a data stream to be sent, and the transmitting end data processor receives the data stream. The transmitting end data processor first performs data processing including encoding, interleaving, modulation, and DSP framing to obtain a symbol data stream, which is then sent to the transmitting end signal processor for signal processing, and then transmitted through the channel to the receiving end. After the receiving end receives the distorted signal caused by noise or other damage in the channel, it is sent to the receiving end signal processor for dispersion compensation, polarization demultiplexing, equalization, frame synchronization, frequency offset estimation, and carrier phase recovery operations, and then sent to the receiving end data processor for operations including demodulation, deinterleaving, decoding, etc. to recover the original data, and then the recovered data is sent to the destination.

[0066] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an implementation method of the transmitting data processor in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG2, in a possible implementation method, the transmitting data processor performs symbol mapping on the received data sequence. Typically, the received data sequence is information and a check sequence obtained by a forward error correction code (FEC). Among them, the symbol mapping method includes but is not limited to quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The transmitting data processor also performs polarization symbol division on the data sequence to obtain dual-polarization (DP) symbols, for example, DP-QPSK, DP-8QAM, DP-16QAM, DP-32QAM and DP-64QAM. For ease of introduction, the two polarization directions are uniformly recorded as X polarization direction and Y polarization direction, respectively, wherein the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction are orthogonal to each other. It should be understood that the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction are not two specified polarization directions, but two polarization directions that are arbitrarily orthogonal to each other.

[0067] Furthermore, the transmitting end data processor performs the following framing process on a certain number of dual-polarization symbols. Specifically, pilot symbols are inserted in the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction to obtain a sequence of dual-polarization symbols to be transmitted, which is called a frame. In this embodiment, it is called a data frame, which can also be called a DSP frame.

[0068] It should be noted that after symbol mapping, the symbols can also be interleaved, and the interleaved symbols can be subjected to the above-mentioned framing process. It should be understood that a dual-polarization symbol can be represented by two symbols, one of which is located in the X polarization direction and the other is located in the Y polarization direction. Each symbol can be represented by a complex number. For example, the symbol obtained by 16QAM modulation can be represented by any one of the following 16 complex numbers, ±1±1j, ±1±3j, ±3±1j and ±3±3j, where ± represents a positive or negative value, such as ±3 represents 3 or -3. Among them, j represents an imaginary unit. In some scenarios, the imaginary unit may also be represented by other symbols such as i, which is not limited here. In some cases, the real part and the imaginary part are normalized, but the essence does not change. Furthermore, a sequence with L dual-polarization symbols can be completely represented by two complex sequences of length L, where one complex sequence represents the symbol in the X polarization direction and the other complex sequence represents the symbol in the Y polarization direction. Each complex sequence of length L is represented by a real sequence of length L (also called an I-path sequence) and an imaginary sequence of length L (also called a Q-path sequence), where L is an integer greater than 1. Therefore, there are four different types of sequences: X-polarization I-path sequence, X-polarization Q-path sequence, Y-polarization I-path sequence, and Y-polarization Q-path sequence.

[0069] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of a transmitting data processor in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG3 , unlike the symbol-based framing operation shown in FIG2 , in another possible implementation, the transmitting data processor inserts bits corresponding to pilot symbols into the received data sequence according to the adopted symbol mapping rules before symbol mapping. Symbol mapping and polarization symbol division are then performed to obtain a frame identical to the operation shown in FIG2 . In this case, before symbol mapping, the bit sequence after the insertion of the bits corresponding to the aforementioned symbols can also be interleaved, and symbol mapping and polarization symbol division are then performed to obtain a frame identical to the operation shown in FIG2 .

[0070] It should be noted that this application does not limit the specific framing method adopted by the transmitting data processor. In addition to the framing methods introduced in Figures 2 and 3 above, other similar framing methods are also applicable to this solution and will not be introduced one by one here.

[0071] Figure 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method for data transmission and data processing according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 4, the method flow includes the following steps. It should be understood that the transmitting device and receiving device in the embodiments of the present application are named based on the direction of data flow and do not limit the functions of the devices. For example, a transmitting device may also have a receiving function, and a receiving device may also have a transmitting function. This application does not limit the specific types of transmitting and receiving devices. For example, they may be optical modules, routers, switches, etc.

[0072] 101. The sending device generates a data frame.

[0073] It should be noted that this application does not limit the specific implementation method for generating data frames. For example, the framing method described in Figures 2 or 3 above can be used. Of course, other similar framing methods are also applicable to this solution and will not be described here one by one. It should be understood that the data frame includes symbols in two polarization directions, and the structure of the data frame in the two polarization directions is similar. For example, a data frame includes K symbols in the X polarization direction and K symbols in the Y polarization direction. The structure of the data frame is described below using one of the polarization directions as an example.

[0074] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a data frame in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 5, a data frame includes K symbols in one polarization direction, and each of the N consecutive symbols in the K symbols includes a pilot symbol and N-1 payload symbols located at a fixed position, that is, the K symbols in one polarization direction include Q pilot symbols and KQ payload symbols. Wherein, K = N × Q, K is an integer greater than 1, 1≤Q<K. That is to say, each of the N consecutive symbols in the K symbols can be regarded as a group, and the K symbols include Q groups of symbols. For example, K = 6144, N = 64, Q = 96, symbol 1-symbol 64 is the first group of 64 consecutive symbols, symbol 65-symbol 128 is the second group of 64 consecutive symbols, ..., symbol 6081-symbol 6144 is the 96th group of 64 consecutive symbols. It should be understood that the payload symbol can also be called a pre-framing symbol, which includes an information symbol and a check symbol that have been FEC-encoded. On the receiving device side, the pilot symbols can be used to assist in frequency offset estimation and carrier phase recovery. It should be understood that the present application does not limit the specific location of the pilot symbols in each group of N symbols. As an example, each pilot symbol is located at the starting position of the N consecutive symbols. For example, the first symbol in the data frame shown in Figure 5 is the first pilot symbol. It should also be understood that the present application does not limit the values ​​of N and Q. For example, N = 64, Q = 96; or, N = 64, Q = 114; or, N = 32, Q = 116.

[0075] It should be noted that the simplified frame structure shown in Figure 5 is applicable to 800 gigabits per second (Gbps) long range (LR) scenarios, referred to as 800LR scenarios. This simplified frame structure consists only of pilot symbols and payload symbols. The primary purpose of this simplified frame structure is to reduce data overhead, assist with frequency offset and phase recovery, simplify algorithm complexity, and improve processing performance.

[0076] It should be noted that each pilot symbol is one of -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj, where A is a real number. In some practical application scenarios, -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj are symbols on the constellation diagram of the modulation format used. For example, when using QPSK, there are only four symbols, and A = ±1. Each pilot symbol can be represented by one of -1-1j, -1+1j, 1-1j, and 1+1j. In a frame, all four complex-number representations of frame symbols exist. When using 16QAM, there are 16 symbols on the constellation diagram, and A = ±1 or ±3.

[0077] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of symbols on a constellation diagram in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 6, when A = 3 or -3, each pilot symbol can be represented by one of -3-3j, -3+3j, 3-3j and 3+3j, such as the hollow symbols shown in Figure 6. Similarly, when 64QAM is used, A = ±1 or ±3 or ±5 or ±7. It should be noted that higher-order modulation formats can also be used, which will not be described in detail in this application. In the actual transmission process, the pilot symbols use the four outer symbols on the constellation diagram to reduce the probability of symbol errors.

[0078] It should be understood that in coherent optical transmission scenarios, optical signals may experience various impairments during transmission, such as fiber attenuation, dispersion, and nonlinear effects. These impairments can degrade optical signal quality, impacting system performance and reliability. Carrier frequency offset is a common impairment. It refers to the deviation between the optical carrier frequency received by the receiving device and the optical carrier frequency of the local oscillator laser, also referred to as frequency offset. This frequency offset can be caused by temperature variations, optical component non-idealities, or other factors. The presence of carrier frequency offset causes the constellation points of the signal to rotate over time, making demodulation and signal recovery difficult and thus severely degrading system performance. The smaller the spacing between pilot symbols in a data frame generated by the transmitting device in one polarization direction, the larger the frequency range over which the receiving device can perform frequency offset estimation. However, ensuring a small spacing between pilot symbols in each polarization direction requires inserting more pilot symbols, which incurs significant overhead. Therefore, in an embodiment of the present application, the transmitting device maintains the original position of the pilot symbols in one polarization direction and staggers the pilot symbols in the other polarization direction. This allows the receiving device to combine the pilot symbols in both polarization directions for frequency offset estimation. Since the pilot symbols in the two polarization directions are staggered, if the frame structures in the two polarization directions are combined, it is equivalent to shortening the interval between pilot symbols, which is conducive to expanding the frequency range of frequency offset estimation.

[0079] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a data frame in two polarization directions in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG7 , the frame structure of the data frame in the X polarization direction is the same as the frame structure shown in FIG5 , the pilot symbols in the X polarization direction maintain their original positions, and the pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction of the data frame are staggered. Among them, the number of pilot symbols in the two polarization directions of the data frame is Q, that is, each pilot symbol in the X polarization direction has a corresponding pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction. Furthermore, the position of at least one pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction differs from the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the X polarization direction by M symbols, 1≤M<N. In other words, the rth pilot symbol of the data frame in the X polarization direction is located at the first symbol position, and the rth pilot symbol of the data frame in the Y polarization direction is located at the second symbol position. The difference between the first symbol position and the second symbol position is M symbols, 1≤r≤N. It should be understood that “the difference between the first symbol position and the second symbol position is M symbols” can also be referred to as “the interval between the first symbol position and the second symbol position is M-1 symbols”. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific value of M. Taking N=64 as an example, the value of M can be 6, 12, 16, 24 or 32.

[0080] Taking Figure 7 as an example, in one possible scenario, the position of each pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction in the same data frame differs by M symbols from the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the X polarization direction. For example, the first pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is located at the first symbol position in the X polarization direction, and the first pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is located at the M+1th symbol position in the Y polarization direction; the second pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is located at the N+1th symbol position in the X polarization direction, and the second pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is located at the N+M+1th symbol position in the Y polarization direction; and so on, the Qth pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is located at the N×(Q-1)+1th symbol position in the X polarization direction, and the Qth pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is located at the N×(Q-1)+M+1th symbol position in the Y polarization direction.

[0081] FIG8 is another structural diagram of the data frame in two polarization directions in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG8 , the positions of the first P=2 pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction are aligned with the positions of the first P=2 pilot symbols in the X polarization direction, that is, there is a difference of 0 symbols. Starting from the P+1=3rd pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction, the position of each pilot symbol is M symbols different from the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the X polarization direction. That is to say, in the embodiment shown in FIG8 , the staggered design starting from the P+1=3rd pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction, the first P=2 pilot symbols maintain their original positions unchanged. Among them, the present application does not limit the value of P, as long as it is within the value range of 1<P<Q.

[0082] It should be noted that, in the example of FIG7 above, after the pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction are staggered, the interval between each adjacent two pilot symbols is still N-1 symbols, which is the same as the interval between each adjacent two pilot symbols in the X polarization direction. In the example of FIG8 above, the interval between the first pilot symbol and the second pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is N-1 symbols, the interval between the second pilot symbol and the third pilot symbol is N+M-1 symbols, and the interval between each adjacent two pilot symbols from the third pilot symbol to the Qth pilot symbol is still N-1 symbols. Through this staggered design method, the pilot symbols after the staggered design in the Y polarization direction are still kept at equal intervals as much as possible, which is convenient for the receiving device to perform frame synchronization, and it is also convenient to extract pilot symbols from the data frame and perform frequency offset estimation based on the pilot symbols, thereby helping to reduce the power consumption and delay of frequency offset estimation.

[0083] FIG9 is another structural diagram of the data frame in two polarization directions in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG9 , in a possible scenario, the first pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is located at the starting symbol position of the data frame in the X polarization direction, and the first pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is located at the M+1 symbol position of the data frame in the Y polarization direction, which is M symbol positions backward compared to the starting symbol position. This pilot symbol misalignment design method is referred to as “backward misalignment”. The second pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is located at the N+1 symbol position of the data frame in the X polarization direction, and the second pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is located at the N-M+1 symbol position of the data frame in the Y polarization direction, which is M symbol positions forward compared to the N+1 symbol position. This pilot symbol misalignment design method is referred to as “forward misalignment”. It can be seen that, unlike the embodiments shown in Figures 7 and 8 in which the pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction all adopt the "backward staggered" design method, in the embodiment shown in Figure 9, a part of the pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction can adopt the "backward staggered" design method, and the other part can also adopt the "forward staggered" design method, which expands the implementation method of the pilot symbol staggered design.

[0084] It should be understood that Figures 7, 8, and 9 above only provide several typical implementation methods of pilot symbol staggering design. In addition to these, there may be many other implementation methods, which are not listed here one by one. For example, the present application does not limit the number of pilot symbols in a data frame that are staggered, does not limit which specific pilot symbol in a data frame is to be staggered, and does not limit whether the staggering design of the pilot symbols is "forward staggering" or "backward staggering". In addition, the above embodiments are all introduced by taking the pilot symbols in the X polarization direction as an example of keeping the position unchanged and the pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction as an example. In some possible scenarios, the pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction may also be kept in the same position and the pilot symbols in the X polarization direction may be staggered. In addition, the above embodiments all introduce the staggering design of pilot symbols at the granularity of a single data frame. For scenarios including multiple data frames, the present application does not limit which specific data frame the pilot symbols are to be staggered, nor does it limit whether the staggering design methods of the pilot symbols adopted by different data frames are the same. Generally speaking, it is best to use the same staggered design of pilot symbols for each data frame. For example, each data frame uses the implementation shown in FIG. 7 , or each data frame uses the implementation shown in FIG. 8 , and so on.

[0085] 102. The sending device sends a data frame to the receiving device.

[0086] In the embodiments of the present application, a data frame sent by a transmitting device is transmitted through a channel to a receiving device. For ease of distinction, the data frame sent by the transmitting device is referred to as an original data frame, and the data frame actually received by the receiving device is referred to as a target data frame. The target data frame received by the receiving device can be understood as a distorted signal affected by noise or other impairments in the channel. That is, the target data frame received by the receiving device is not aligned with the original data frame sent by the transmitting device. Therefore, the receiving device needs to perform frame synchronization on the received target data frame to determine the frame starting position in the target data frame.

[0087] 103. The receiving device performs frequency offset estimation based on the received data frame.

[0088] In coherent optical transmission scenarios, frequency offset occurs due to the difference between the optical carrier frequency received by the receiving device and the optical carrier frequency of the local oscillator laser. Therefore, the receiving device must estimate the frequency offset based on the received target data frame and compensate for it based on the estimated frequency offset to eliminate the frequency offset. The following details the specific implementation of frequency offset estimation.

[0089] Figure 10 is a flow chart of a method for frequency offset estimation performed by a receiving device according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 10 , the method for frequency offset estimation includes the following steps.

[0090] 201. Acquire a target pilot sequence and an original pilot sequence.

[0091] Specifically, the receiving device extracts 2×Q pilot symbols in two polarization directions from the target data frame. These 2×Q pilot symbols in two polarization directions in the target data frame are referred to as a target pilot sequence. Furthermore, the receiving device pre-stores 2×Q pilot symbols in two polarization directions in the original data frame sent by the transmitting device. These 2×Q pilot symbols in two polarization directions in the original data frame are referred to as an original pilot sequence. Furthermore, the receiving device performs frequency offset estimation based on the original pilot sequence and the target pilot sequence to obtain a first frequency offset estimate.

[0092] 202. Perform a first conjugate multiplication on the pilot symbols of the original pilot sequence and the target pilot sequence in the X polarization direction, and perform a second conjugate multiplication on the pilot symbols of the original pilot sequence and the target pilot sequence in the Y polarization direction.

[0093] Specifically, a first conjugate multiplication is performed one-to-one on the Q pilot symbols in the X polarization direction in the original pilot sequence and the Q pilot symbols in the X polarization direction in the target pilot sequence to obtain Q first values, and a second conjugate multiplication is performed one-to-one on the Q pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction in the original pilot sequence and the Q pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction in the target pilot sequence to obtain Q second values.

[0094] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the calculation operation of the receiving device for frequency offset estimation in an embodiment of the present application. As an example, the above-mentioned conjugate multiplication can be divided into two steps: conjugate calculation and multiplication. As shown in Figure 11, "(.)*" represents conjugate calculation, and "×" represents multiplication. TPx(k) represents the Q pilot symbols in the X polarization direction in the target pilot sequence, RPx(k) represents the Q pilot symbols in the X polarization direction in the original pilot sequence, RPy(k) represents the Q pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction in the target pilot sequence, and TPy(k) represents the Q pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction in the original pilot sequence. Specifically, a conjugate calculation is performed on TPx(k), and then the result of the conjugate calculation is multiplied with RPx(k) to obtain Q first values. Similarly, a conjugate calculation is performed on TPy(k), and then the result of the conjugate calculation is multiplied with RPy(k) to obtain Q second values.

[0095] 203. Perform a third conjugate multiplication on the result of the first conjugate multiplication and the result of the second conjugate multiplication.

[0096] The Q first values ​​obtained by the first conjugate multiplication and the Q second values ​​obtained by the second conjugate multiplication are then subjected to a third conjugate multiplication to obtain Q third values. As an example, as shown in FIG11 , a conjugate calculation is performed on each of the Q first values, and then the conjugate calculation results are multiplied one-to-one with the Q second values ​​to obtain Q third values.

[0097] 204. Determine a phase average value according to a result of the third conjugate multiplication, and determine a first frequency offset estimation value according to the phase average value.

[0098] In one possible scenario, the original data frame sent by the transmitting device uses the frame structure shown in FIG7 . The receiving device determines the phase value of each third value and calculates the phase average of Q third values. Furthermore, the phase average is divided by the offset time to obtain a first frequency offset estimate Δf1, where the offset time = M × T, and T represents the inverse of the symbol rate (symbol period).

[0099] In another possible scenario, the original data frame sent by the transmitting device uses the frame structure shown in FIG8 . The first P pilot symbols in the original data frame are not staggered. The phase difference between the first P pilot symbols in the target data frame and the first P pilot symbols in the original data frame is caused by factors such as transmission delay. Starting from the P+1th pilot symbol in the original data frame, the phase difference between the QP staggered pilot symbols in the target data frame and the QP staggered pilot symbols in the original data frame is caused by factors such as transmission delay and frequency offset. Therefore, the receiving device determines the phase value of each third value and calculates a first phase average of the first P third values ​​among the Q third values. It also calculates a second phase average of the QP third values ​​excluding the first P third values ​​among the Q third values. Furthermore, the difference between the second phase average and the first phase average is calculated, which effectively offsets the phase difference caused by factors such as transmission delay. The difference between the second phase average and the first phase average is then divided by the stagger time to obtain a first frequency offset estimate Δf1.

[0100] It should be noted that the above steps 201-204 employ the dual-polarization joint frequency offset estimation method provided in this application, which can be considered a method for coarse frequency offset estimation. Based on this coarse frequency offset estimation, a frequency offset tracking algorithm can be further combined to perform fine frequency offset estimation, thereby further improving the accuracy of frequency offset estimation. In other words, fine frequency offset estimation can also be performed in combination with the following optional steps 205 and 206.

[0101] 205. Perform frequency offset compensation on a pilot sequence in any polarization direction in the target data frame according to the first frequency offset estimation value.

[0102] Considering that the frequency offset errors in the two frequency offset directions are generally small, frequency offset compensation can be performed on the pilot sequence in any polarization direction in the target data frame based on the first frequency offset estimate, thereby obtaining a pilot sequence with a smaller frequency offset. For example, frequency offset compensation can be performed on each of the Q pilot symbols in the X polarization direction in the target data frame based on the first frequency offset estimate. For another example, frequency offset compensation can be performed on each of the Q pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction in the target data frame based on the first frequency offset estimate.

[0103] 206. Perform frequency offset tracking according to the pilot sequence after frequency offset compensation.

[0104] Specifically, frequency offset tracking is performed based on the Q pilot symbols after frequency offset compensation in any polarization direction to obtain a second frequency offset estimation value Δf2. Furthermore, the first frequency offset estimation value Δf1 and the second frequency offset estimation value Δf2 are summed to obtain a final frequency offset estimation value Δf.

[0105] It should be noted that the range of frequency offset estimation satisfies the following formula:

[0106] Among them, f baud Indicates the symbol rate.

[0107] Taking the 800LR scenario as an example, the symbol rate f baud =123.6GBaud / s, the frequency deviation range is required to be ±3.6GHz. Taking N=64 as an example, when M=16 is calculated according to the above formula, the present application can achieve a frequency deviation estimation range of ±3.86GHz, thereby meeting the requirements of the 800LR scenario. Taking M=16 as an example, Table 1 shows the frequency deviation estimation effects of the dual-polarization joint frequency deviation estimation method and the cascaded frequency deviation estimation method provided by the present application. Among them, the above steps 201-step 204 introduce the dual-polarization joint frequency deviation estimation method, and the above steps 201-step 204 combined with steps 205-step 206 introduce the cascaded frequency deviation estimation method.

[0108] Table 1

[0109] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 12, the communication device includes: a processing unit 301 and a transceiver unit 302. In one possible embodiment, the communication device is applied to the data sending side, the processing unit 301 is used to perform the operation of step 101 above, and the transceiver unit 302 is used to perform the operation of step 102 above. In another possible embodiment, the communication device is applied to the data receiving side, the transceiver unit 302 is used to perform the operation of step 102 above, and the processing unit 301 is used to perform the operation of step 103 above and the operations of steps 201 to 206 above. It should be understood that the communication device provided in the embodiment of the present application can also be implemented in other ways. For example, the unit division in the above communication device is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, for example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system. In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application can be integrated into a processing unit, or can be independent physical units, or two or more functional units can be integrated into a processing unit. The above integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional units.

[0110] Figure 13 is a structural diagram of an optical module in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 13, the optical module includes a processor 401 and an interface circuit 402. It should be understood that the interface circuit 402 can be a transceiver or an input / output interface, and the interface circuit 402 is used to receive signals from other devices outside the optical module and transmit them to the processor 401 or send signals from the processor 401 to other devices outside the optical module. In one possible embodiment, the optical module is applied to the data sending side, the interface circuit 402 is used to perform the operation of the above-mentioned step 102, and the processor 401 is used to perform the operation of the above-mentioned step 101. In another possible embodiment, the optical module is applied to the data receiving side, the interface circuit 402 is used to perform the operation of the above-mentioned step 102, and the processor 401 is used to perform the operation of the above-mentioned step 103 and the operations of steps 201 to 206. Optionally, the host side chip may also include a memory 403, wherein the memory 403 is used to store program instructions and data.

[0111] It should be noted that the types of optical modules in the embodiments of the present application include but are not limited to ordinary optical modules (normal modules), linear pluggable optics (linear-drive pluggable optics or linear-drive pluggable optics, LPO) modules, near package optics (near package optics, NPO) modules and co-packaged optics (co-packaged optics, CPO) modules, etc. LPO modules, NPO modules and CPO modules can also be referred to as LPO optical modules, NPO optical modules and CPO optical modules. Among them, the optical modules that do not belong to LPO modules, NPO modules and CPO modules in the embodiments of the present application are referred to as ordinary optical modules. The functions that can be realized by ordinary optical modules include but are not limited to digital signal processing (digital signal processor, DSP) and clock data recovery (clock data recovery, CDR), etc. For example, an ordinary optical module will convert an analog signal into a digital signal, perform DSP on the digital signal, and then convert it into an analog signal and send it to the host side chip. Since DSP requires retiming, the ordinary optical module can also be called a retimed module. In the embodiments of the present application, the host side chip can also be called a switching chip. LPO, NPO, and CPO modules lack DSP and CDR functionality and require host-side chips to implement these functions. In other words, while standard optical modules can process both analog and digital signals, LPO, NPO, and CPO modules only process analog signals and do not process digital signals. Standard optical modules connect to host-side chips via the attachment unit interface (AUI), while LPO modules connect to host-side chips via the common electrical interface (CEI). Unlike LPO modules, NPO and CPO modules lack the pluggable physical form factor of an optical module and are located closer to the host-side chip. These modules can also be referred to as optical engines. NPO or CPO technology involves "packaging" the host-side chip and optical engine. When NPO technology is used to package the host-side chip and optical engine, the optical engine is called an NPO module. When CPO technology is used to package the host-side chip and optical engine, the optical engine is called a CPO module. In LPO technology, the host-side chip and the optical engine are not packaged together, and the optical module is pluggable.

[0112] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sending device in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 14, the sending device includes a processor 501 and an interface circuit 502. It should be understood that the interface circuit 502 can be a transceiver or an input / output interface, and the interface circuit 502 is used to receive signals from other devices outside the sending device and transmit them to the processor 501, or to send signals from the processor 501 to other devices outside the sending device. Specifically, the interface circuit 502 is used to perform the operation of step 102 above, and the processor 501 is used to perform the operation of step 101 above. Optionally, the sending device may also include a memory 503, wherein the memory 503 is used to store program instructions and data.

[0113] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a receiving device in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 15, the receiving device includes a processor 601 and an interface circuit 602. It should be understood that the interface circuit 602 can be a transceiver or an input / output interface, and the interface circuit 602 is used to receive signals from other devices outside the receiving device and transmit them to the processor 601, or to send signals from the processor 601 to other devices outside the receiving device. Specifically, the interface circuit 602 is used to perform the operation of step 102 above, and the processor 601 is used to perform the operation of step 103 above and the operations of steps 201 to 206. Optionally, the receiving device may also include a memory 603, wherein the memory 603 is used to store program instructions and data.

[0114] The present application also provides a chip in an embodiment. The chip includes one or more interface circuits and also integrates processing circuits for implementing the functions of the aforementioned processor 401, processor 501, or processor 601. As an example, the chip integrates a memory. As another example, when the chip does not integrate a memory, it can be connected to an external memory via an interface. The chip can perform the method steps of any one or more of the aforementioned embodiments. Alternatively, the chip implements the actions performed by the data processing device in the aforementioned embodiments based on program code stored in the memory.

[0115] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, including a program or instruction. When the program or instruction is executed on a computer, the method is executed by the processor 401, the processor 501 or the processor 601 in the above method embodiment.

[0116] It should be understood that the processors mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented by hardware or software. When implemented by hardware, the processor can be a logic circuit, an integrated circuit, etc. When implemented by software, the processor can be a general-purpose processor that is implemented by reading software code stored in a memory. The memory can exist independently and be connected to the processor, or the memory can be integrated with the processor.

[0117] As an example, the processor in the embodiments of the present application may be a central processing unit (CPU), or may be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor, or a processing circuit that implements a specific function.

[0118] In the embodiments of the present application, the memory may be a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory, a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a register, a hard disk, a mobile hard disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium well known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium may also be an integral part of the processor. The processor and the storage medium may be located in an ASIC. In addition, the ASIC may be located in a network device or a terminal device. Of course, the processor and the storage medium may also exist in a network device or a terminal device as discrete components.

[0119] In the above embodiments, all or part of them can be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof.

[0120] When implemented using hardware, the data processing method provided in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented without reading software code or instructions. For example, it may be implemented by a CPU, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof.

[0121] When software is used for implementation, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instruction is loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function described in the embodiment of the present application is executed in whole or in part. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, a terminal device, or other programmable device. The computer program or instruction may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted via the computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server that integrates one or more available media. The available medium may be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape; it may also be an optical medium, such as a digital versatile disc (DVD); it may also be a semiconductor medium, such as a solid-state disk (SSD).

[0122] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A data transmission method, characterized in that: include: Generate a data frame, where the data frame includes K symbols in a first polarization direction and a second polarization direction, respectively, where K is an integer greater than 1, the K symbols in either polarization direction include Q pilot symbols and KQ payload symbols, 1≤Q<K, every N consecutive symbols of the K symbols in the first polarization direction include 1 pilot symbol and N-1 payload symbols, K=N×Q, and a position of at least one pilot symbol in the K symbols in the second polarization direction differs by M symbols from a position of a corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction, where 1≤M<N; The data frame is sent.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The position of each pilot symbol in the second polarization direction differs from the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction by M symbols.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that There are N-1 symbols between every two adjacent pilot symbols in the second polarization direction.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The difference between the position of each of the first P pilot symbols in the second polarization direction and the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction is 0 symbol, and the difference between the position of each pilot symbol starting from the P+1th pilot symbol in the second polarization direction and the position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction is M symbols, 1<P<Q.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that There are N-1 symbols between every two adjacent pilot symbols in the first P pilot symbols in the second polarization direction, and there are N-1 symbols between every two adjacent pilot symbols starting from the P+1th pilot symbol in the second polarization direction.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The rth pilot symbol of the data frame in the first polarization direction is located at the first symbol position among the K symbols, and the rth pilot symbol of the data frame in the second polarization direction is located at the second symbol position among the K symbols. The difference between the first symbol position and the second symbol position is M symbols, 1≤r≤Q.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that N=64, Q=96; or, N=64, Q=114; or, N=32, Q=116.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that N=64, M=6, 12, 16, 24 or 32.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that Each pilot symbol in the first polarization direction is located at a starting position among the consecutive N symbols.

10. A data processing method, characterized in that: include: A target data frame after an original data frame sent by a receiving and transmitting device is transmitted through a channel, the original data frame including K symbols in a first polarization direction and a second polarization direction, respectively, where K is an integer greater than 1, the K symbols in any polarization direction include Q pilot symbols and KQ payload symbols, 1≤Q<K, every N consecutive symbols of the K symbols in the first polarization direction include 1 pilot symbol and N-1 payload symbols, K=N×Q, and a position of at least one pilot symbol in the K symbols in the second polarization direction differs by M symbols from a position of a corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction, where 1≤M<N; The target data frame is stored.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that The method further comprises: A first frequency offset estimation value is determined according to pilot symbols in two polarization directions in the target data frame.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that Determining a first frequency offset estimation value according to pilot symbols in two polarization directions in the target data frame includes: Acquire a target pilot sequence and a preset original pilot sequence in the target data frame, wherein the target pilot sequence includes a total of 2×Q pilot symbols of the target data frame in two polarization directions, and the original pilot sequence includes a total of 2×Q pilot symbols of the original data frame in two polarization directions; The first frequency offset estimation value is determined according to the original pilot sequence and the target pilot sequence.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that Determining the first frequency offset estimation value according to the original pilot sequence and the target pilot sequence includes: Performing conjugate multiplication on the Q pilot symbols in the first polarization direction in the original pilot sequence and the Q pilot symbols in the first polarization direction in the target pilot sequence in a one-to-one correspondence to obtain Q first values, and performing conjugate multiplication on the Q pilot symbols in the second polarization direction in the original pilot sequence and the Q pilot symbols in the second polarization direction in the target pilot sequence in a one-to-one correspondence to obtain Q second values; Performing conjugate multiplication on the Q first values ​​and the Q second values ​​in one-to-one correspondence to obtain Q third values; The first frequency offset estimation value is determined according to the Q third numerical values.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that In the original data frame, a position of each pilot symbol in the second polarization direction differs from a position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction by M symbols; Determining the first frequency offset estimation value according to the Q third values ​​includes: Obtaining a phase average of the Q third values; The first frequency offset estimation value is obtained by dividing the phase average value by the offset time, wherein the offset time=M×T, and T represents the inverse of the symbol rate.

15. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that In the original data frame, a position of each of the first P pilot symbols in the second polarization direction differs from a position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction by 0 symbol, and a position of each pilot symbol starting from the P+1th pilot symbol in the second polarization direction differs from a position of the corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction by M symbols, where 1<P<Q; Determining the first frequency offset estimation value according to the Q third values ​​includes: Obtain a first phase average of first P third values ​​among the Q third values, and obtain a second phase average of QP third values ​​among the Q third values ​​excluding the first P third values; Determine a difference between the second phase average value and the first phase average value, and divide the difference by the offset time to obtain the first frequency offset estimate, where the offset time=M×T, and T represents the inverse of the symbol rate.

16. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that After determining the first frequency offset estimate, the method further includes: Performing frequency offset compensation on each of the Q pilot symbols in the first polarization direction in the target data frame according to the first frequency offset estimation value, and performing frequency offset tracking on the Q pilot symbols after the frequency offset compensation to obtain a second frequency offset estimation value; or, Frequency offset compensation is performed on the Q pilot symbols in the second polarization direction in the target data frame according to the first frequency offset estimation value, and frequency offset tracking is performed on the Q pilot symbols after the frequency offset compensation to obtain a second frequency offset estimation value.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that After obtaining the second frequency offset estimate, the method further includes: The first frequency offset estimation value and the second frequency offset estimation value are summed to obtain a third frequency offset estimation value.

18. A communication device, characterized in that: include: processing unit and transceiver unit; The processing unit is configured to: generate a data frame, where the data frame includes K symbols in a first polarization direction and a second polarization direction, respectively, where K is an integer greater than 1, the K symbols in either polarization direction include Q pilot symbols and KQ payload symbols, 1≤Q<K, every N consecutive symbols of the K symbols in the first polarization direction include 1 pilot symbol and N-1 payload symbols, K=N×Q, and a position of at least one pilot symbol in the K symbols in the second polarization direction differs by M symbols from a position of a corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction, where 1≤M<N; The transceiver unit is used to send the data frame.

19. A communication device, characterized in that: include: processing unit and transceiver unit; The transceiver unit is configured to: receive a target data frame after an original data frame sent by a transmitting device is transmitted through a channel, the original data frame including K symbols in a first polarization direction and a second polarization direction respectively, where K is an integer greater than 1, the K symbols in any polarization direction include Q pilot symbols and KQ payload symbols, 1≤Q<K, every N consecutive symbols of the K symbols in the first polarization direction include 1 pilot symbol and N-1 payload symbols, K=N×Q, and a position of at least one pilot symbol in the K symbols in the second polarization direction differs by M symbols from a position of a corresponding pilot symbol in the first polarization direction, where 1≤M<N; The processing unit is configured to store the target data frame.

20. A chip, characterized in that: The chip comprises a processor configured to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

21. An optical module, characterized in that: The optical module includes a processor and an interface circuit, the interface circuit is used to receive and send signals, and the processor is used to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

22. A sending device, characterized in that: The sending device includes a processor and an interface circuit, the interface circuit is used to receive and send signals, and the processor is used to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

23. A receiving device, characterized in that: The receiving device includes a processor and an interface circuit, wherein the interface circuit is configured to receive and send signals, and the processor is configured to execute the method according to any one of claims 10 to 17.

24. A communication system, characterized in that: include: The transmitting device as claimed in claim 22 and the receiving device as claimed in claim 23.

25. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions, and when the instructions are executed by a computer, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 17 is implemented.

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