Terminal, network node, and communication method

Abstract

A terminal according to the present invention comprises: a reception unit that receives, from a base station of a first communication system, notification information including information indicating that simultaneous registration is possible in the first communication system and a second communication system; and a transmission unit that transmits, to the base station of the first communication system, a first message addressed to a first network node and requesting registration in the first communication system, the first message including a request for registration in the second communication system. The reception unit receives, from the base station, a second message transmitted by the first network node and accepting registration in the first communication system, the second message including information indicating acceptance of registration in the second communication system.

Description

Terminal, network node, and communication method

[0001] The present invention relates to a terminal, a network node, and a communication method in a communication system.

[0002] 3GPP (registered trademark) (3rd Generation Partnership Project) is currently studying a wireless communication system called 5G or NR (New Radio) (hereinafter, the wireless communication system will be referred to as "5G" or "NR") in order to achieve a larger system capacity, a higher data transmission speed, and a lower latency in wireless sections. Various wireless technologies are being studied for 5G to meet the requirements of achieving a throughput of 10 Gbps or more while keeping latency in wireless sections to 1 ms or less.

[0003] In NR, a network architecture including a 5G Core Network (5GC) corresponding to the Evolved Packet Core (EPC), which is the core network in the Long Term Evolution (LTE) network architecture, and a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) corresponding to the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), which is the Radio Access Network (RAN) in the LTE network architecture, is being considered (for example, Non-Patent Document 1). Here, a system including the EPC may be referred to as an Evolved Packet System (EPS), and a system including the 5GC may be referred to as a 5G System (5GS).

[0004] 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.4.0 (2023-12) 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.4.0 (2023-12) 3GPP TS 38.331 V18.0.0 (2023-12) 3GPP TS 33.501 V18.4.0 (2023-12)

[0005] When a terminal performs dual registration, i.e., simultaneously registering with two communication systems (e.g., EPS and 5GS), the processes related to the terminal's registration (initial registration, mobile registration, periodic registration, etc.) are executed in each communication system.

[0006] Here, the duplicate registration poses a problem in that the amount of processing performed in the network and the amount of signals transmitted and received increase compared to registration in one communication system.

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and has as its object to efficiently perform processing for simultaneously registering one terminal in two communication systems in a wireless communication system.

[0008] According to the disclosed technology, a terminal is provided that has a receiving unit that receives, from a base station of a first communication system, notification information including information indicating that simultaneous registration in the first communication system and a second communication system is possible, and a transmitting unit that transmits, to the base station of the first communication system, a first message requesting registration in the first communication system, including a registration request for the second communication system, addressed to a first network node, wherein the receiving unit receives from the base station a second message accepting registration in the first communication system, including information indicating acceptance of registration in the second communication system, transmitted by the first network node.

[0009] According to the disclosed technology, in a wireless communication system, processing for simultaneously registering one terminal in two communication systems can be efficiently performed.

[0010] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an example of a communication system. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an example of a communication system in a roaming environment. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a first sequence diagram in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a second sequence diagram in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a third sequence diagram in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a base station 10 and a network node 30 in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station 10, a terminal 20, and a network node 30 in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle 2001 in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0011] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0012] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention, existing technology is used as appropriate. However, the existing technology is, for example, the existing LTE, but is not limited to the existing LTE. Furthermore, the term "LTE" used in this specification has a broad meaning including LTE-Advanced, and systems subsequent to LTE-Advanced (e.g., NR), or wireless LAN (Local Area Network), unless otherwise specified.

[0013] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, "configuring" radio parameters and the like may mean that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that radio parameters notified from the network node 30 or the terminal 20 are set.

[0014] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system. As shown in Fig. 1, the communication system is composed of a UE, which is a terminal 20, and multiple network nodes 30. Hereinafter, it is assumed that one network node 30 corresponds to each function, but multiple functions may be realized by one network node 30, or multiple network nodes 30 may realize one function. Furthermore, the "connection" described below may be a logical connection or a physical connection.

[0015] The RAN (Radio Access Network) is a network node 30 having a radio access function, which may include a base station 10, and is connected to a UE, an AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function), and a UPF (User Plane Function). The AMF is a network node 30 having functions such as terminating the RAN interface, terminating the NAS (Non-Access Stratum), registering management, connecting management, reachability management, and terminal mobility management. The UPF is a network node 30 having functions related to processing user plane data, such as a PDU (Protocol Data Unit) session point to the outside that interconnects with the DN (Data Network), packet routing and forwarding, and user plane Quality of Service (QoS) handling. The UPF and the DN constitute a network slice. In the wireless communication network according to the embodiment of the present invention, multiple network slices are constructed.

[0016] The AMF is connected to the UE, RAN, SMF (Session Management function), NSSF (Network Slice Selection Function), NEF (Network Exposure Function), NRF (Network Repository Function), UDM (Unified Data Management), AUSF (Authentication Server Function), PCF (Policy Control Function), and AF (Application Function). The AMF, SMF, NSSF, NEF, NRF, UDM, AUSF, PCF, and AF are network nodes 30 that are mutually connected via interfaces based on their respective services, Namf, Nsmf, Nnssf, Nnef, Nnrf, Nudm, Nausf, Npcf, and Naf.

[0017] The SMF is a network node 30 having functions such as session management, UE IP (Internet Protocol) address allocation and management, DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) function, ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) proxy, and roaming function. The NEF is a network node 30 having a function of notifying other NFs (Network Functions) of capabilities and events. The NSSF is a network node 30 having functions such as selecting a network slice to which a UE connects, determining an allowed NSSAI (Network Slice Selection Assistance Information), determining an NSSAI to be set, and determining an AMF set to which a UE connects. The PCF is a network node 30 having a function of controlling network policies. The AF is a network node 30 having a function of controlling application servers. The NRF is a network node 30 having a function of discovering NF instances that provide services. The UDM is a network node 30 that manages subscriber data and authentication data. The UDM is connected to a UDR (User Data Repository) that stores the data.

[0018] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system in a roaming environment. As shown in Fig. 2, the network is composed of a UE, which is a terminal 20, and multiple network nodes 30. Hereinafter, it is assumed that one network node 30 corresponds to each function, but multiple functions may be realized by one network node 30, or multiple network nodes 30 may realize one function. Furthermore, the "connection" described below may be a logical connection or a physical connection.

[0019] The RAN is a network node 30 having a radio access function, and is connected to the UE, the AMF, and the UPF. The AMF is a network node 30 having functions such as RAN interface termination, NAS termination, registration management, connection management, reachability management, and mobility management. The UPF is a network node 30 having functions such as a PDU session point to the outside that interconnects with the DN, packet routing and forwarding, and user plane QoS handling. The UPF and the DN constitute a network slice. In the wireless communication network according to the embodiment of the present invention, multiple network slices are constructed.

[0020] The AMF is connected to the UE, RAN, SMF, NSSF, NEF, NRF, UDM, AUSF, PCF, AF, and SEPP (Security Edge Protection Proxy). The AMF, SMF, NSSF, NEF, NRF, UDM, AUSF, PCF, and AF are network nodes 30 that are interconnected via respective service-based interfaces, Namf, Nsmf, Nnssf, Nnef, Nnrf, Nudm, Nausf, Npcf, and Naf.

[0021] The SMF is a network node 30 having functions such as session management, UE IP address allocation and management, DHCP function, ARP proxy, and roaming function. The NEF is a network node 30 having a function of notifying other NFs of capabilities and events. The NSSF is a network node 30 having functions such as selecting a network slice to which a UE connects, determining an allowed NSSAI, determining a configured NSSAI, and determining an AMF set to which a UE connects. The PCF is a network node 30 having a function of controlling network policies. The AF is a network node 30 having a function of controlling application servers. The NRF is a network node 30 having a function of discovering NF instances that provide services. The SEPP is a non-transparent proxy that filters control plane messages between PLMNs (Public Land Mobile Networks). The vSEPP shown in FIG. 2 is a SEPP in the visited network, and the hSEPP is a SEPP in the home network.

[0022] As shown in Figure 2, a UE is in a roaming environment connected to a RAN and an AMF in a Visited PLMN (VPLMN). The VPLMN and a Home PLMN (HPLMN) are connected via a vSEPP and an hSEPP. The UE can communicate with a UDM in the HPLMN via the AMF in the VPLMN, for example.

[0023] In addition, 5GS allows for fallback from 5GS to EPS (EPS FB (Fall Back)) in case only EPS supports voice call services. EPS FB uses a combo node called SMF + PGW (Packet Data Network Gateway)-C (Control plane) and a UPF shared by EPS and 5GS, which can cause inconvenience when migrating to a new generation system.

[0024] (Example) A procedure for efficiently registering one terminal in two wireless communication systems simultaneously will be described. In this example, a case is assumed in which one terminal 20 simultaneously registers in next-generation systems, 6GS (6GS network) and 5GS (5GS network). Here, a base station 10A, an AMF 30A, an AMF 30B, and an AUSF 30C are deployed in the 5GS, and a base station 10B, a 6GAMF 30D, a 6GAMF 30E, and a 6GAUSF 30F are deployed in the 6GS. Also deployed are a (5G / 6G)NRF 30G and a (5G / 6G)UDM 30H, which are shared by both the 5GS and 6GS systems.

[0025] The terminal 20 can be registered in both the 5GS and 6GS systems (dual registration) using a single subscriber information. The terminal 20 can transmit and receive (1 Tx / 1 Rx) simultaneously in only one of the 5GS and 6GS systems. In other words, the terminal 20 cannot transmit and receive (2 Tx / 2 Rx) simultaneously in the 5GS and 6GS systems.

[0026] Under the above conditions, the following processing is executed in this embodiment.

[0027] The terminal 20 sends a request message to the AMF in 5GS requesting registration with 5GS, including a request to register with 6GS.

[0028] The AMF in 5GS discovers and selects an AMF in 6GS that matches the location information contained in a message (Initial UE message) containing a 5G registration request.

[0029] The AMF in 5GS transmits to the AMF in 6GS a registration request for the terminal 20 to 6GS. The AMF in 6G processes the registration request in the same manner as a request received from the terminal 20, and then transmits an acceptance of the registration request to the AMF in 5GS.

[0030] The AMF in the 5GS transmits a registration acceptance in the 5GS including a registration acceptance in the 6GS to the terminal 20. Similarly, for the authentication request and authentication response executed in the registration procedure, the processes in the 5GS and the 6GS are executed together in parallel.

[0031] The following describes the details of the process using sequence diagrams. Requests, responses, notifications, etc. sent and received in the procedures shown below may be called messages (e.g., request messages). For details of the initial registration procedure and mobile registration procedure of a terminal in existing specifications related to the messages sent and received in these sequence diagrams, see Non-Patent Documents 1-3, etc.

[0032] 3 is a diagram showing an example of a first sequence diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention. The processing of each step in FIG. 3 will now be described.

[0033] S101: The base station 10A transmits to the terminal 20 notification information including information indicating that the 5GS and 6GS communication systems are linked together, and that initial registration and mobile registration of the terminal can be performed simultaneously in both communication systems.

[0034] S102: The terminal 20 transmits a request message (RRCSetupRequest) requesting RRC setup to the base station 10A.

[0035] S103: The base station 10A transmits to the terminal 20 a response message (RRCSetup) in response to the request message received in S102.

[0036] S104: The terminal 20 transmits a message (RRCSetupComplete) notifying completion of RRC setup to the base station 10A. The message includes information indicating a request to perform initial registration of the terminal 20 in 5GS and 6GS, and is expressed as, for example, RRCSetupComplete(dedicatedNAS-Message(Registration request (6G NAS container (6G Registration request)))).

[0037] S105: The base station 10A transmits to the AMF 30A a message (Initial UE message) including information indicating a request to perform initial registration of the terminal in 5GS and 6GS, received in S104. The message includes location information (User Location Information) of the terminal 20, and is expressed as, for example, Initial UE message (NAS-PDU (Registration request (6G NAS container (6G Registration request))), User Location Information).

[0038] Next, the process related to registration in the 5GS shown in S106 to S109 and the process related to registration in the 6GS shown in S110 to S120 are executed in parallel. By executing the processes in parallel, it is possible to reduce the time required for the process related to registration.

[0039] In the processes shown below in S106 to S109, AMF30A acquires a 5G SE AV (5G Serving Environment Authentication Vector), which is authentication information used in 5GS (see non-patent document 4).

[0040] S106: AMF 30A sends a request message (Nausf_UEAuthentication_Authenticate request) to AUSF 30C requesting the start of the terminal authentication procedure.

[0041] S107: AUSF30C transmits to UDM30H a request message (Nudm_UEAuthentication_Get request) requesting acquisition of a 5G HE AV (5G Home Environment Authentication Vector) (see Non-Patent Document 4).

[0042] S108: The UDM 30H transmits to the AUSF 30C a response message (Nudm_UEAuthentication_Get response) in response to the request message received in S107. The response message includes 5G HEAV.

[0043] S109: The AUSF 30C transmits a response message (Nausf_UEAuthentication_Authenticate response) to the request message received in S106 to the AMF 30A. The response message includes the 5G SE AV.

[0044] Thereafter, in the processes shown in S110 to S120, the process related to registration in 6GS is executed.

[0045] S110: The AMF 30A extracts the TAI (Tracking Area Information) from the location information (User Location Information) of the terminal 20 received in S105. Furthermore, the AMF 30A queries the NRF 30G for the instance ID of the 6GAMF corresponding to the TAI, and determines to discover and select the 6GAMF 30D when registering the terminal 20 in 6GS.

[0046] S111: AMF 30A sends to NRF 30G a request message (Nnrf_NFDiscovery request) requesting discovery of an AMF in 6GS corresponding to the TAI extracted in S110. The request message is expressed as, for example, Nnrf_NFDiscovery request (6G AMF, TAI).

[0047] S112: The NRF 30G sends a response message (Nnrf_NFDiscovery response) to the request message received in S111 to the AMF 30. The response message includes the instance ID of the AMF (6GAMF30D) in 6GS.

[0048] S113: The AMF 30A transmits to the 6GAMF 30D a request message (Namf_Association_Create request) requesting registration of the terminal 20 in 6GS. The request message includes information indicating that the terminal 20 is not present in 6GS (6G presence flag = 0), and is expressed as, for example, Namf_Association_Create request (6G NAS container (6G Registration request), 6G presence flag = 0).

[0049] S114: The 6GAMF 30D sends a response message (Namf_Association_Create response) to the request message received in S113 to the AMF 30A.

[0050] In the following processes shown in S115 to S118, the 6GAMF30D acquires a 6G SE AV (6G Serving Environment Authentication Vector), which is authentication information used in the 6GS.

[0051] S115: The 6GAMF30D sends a request message (Nausf_UEAuthentication_Get request) to the 6GAUSF30F to request the start of the terminal authentication procedure.

[0052] S116: 6GAUSF30F sends a request message (Nudm_UEAuthentication_Get request) to UDM30H requesting acquisition of 6G HE AV (6G Home Environment Authentication Vector).

[0053] S117: The UDM 30H transmits to the 6GAUSF 30F a response message (Nudm_UEAuthentication_Get response) in response to the request message received in S116. The response message includes 6G HE AV.

[0054] S118: The 6GAUSF 30F transmits to the 6GAMF 30D a response message (Nausf_UEAuthentication_Authenticate response) in response to the request message received in S115. The response message includes the 6G SE AV.

[0055] S119: The 6GAMF 30D transmits a request message (Namf_Association_Update request) requesting authentication for 6GS to the AMF 30A. The request message is expressed as, for example, Namf_Association_Update request (6G NAS container (6G Registration request), 6G presence flag = 0).

[0056] S120: The AMF 30A sends a response message (Namf_Association_Update response) to the request message received in S120 to the 6GAMF 30D.

[0057] S121: The AMF 30A transmits a request message (Downlink NAS Transport) requesting authentication for 5GS, including information indicating a request for authentication for 6GS, to the base station 10A. The message is expressed as, for example, Downlink NAS Transport(NAS-PDU(Authentication request (6G NAS container (6G Authentication request)))).

[0058] S122: The base station 10A transmits a message (DLInformationTransfer) requesting authentication for 5GS, including information indicating a request for authentication for 6GS, to the terminal 20. This message is expressed as, for example, DLInformationTransfer (dedicatedNAS-Message(Authentication request (6G NAS container (6G Authentication request)))).

[0059] S123: The terminal 20 transmits a message (ULInformationTransfer) responding to the 5GS authentication, including information indicating the response to the 6GS authentication, to the base station 10A. The message is expressed as, for example, ULInformationTransfer(dedicatedNAS-Message(Authentication response (6G NAS container (6G Authentication response)))).

[0060] S124: The base station 10A transmits, to the AMF 30A, a message (Uplink NAS Transport) responding to the 5GS authentication, including information indicating the response to the 6GS authentication. The message is expressed as, for example, Uplink NAS Transport(NAS-PDU(Authentication response (6G NAS container (6G Authentication response)))).

[0061] The process following S124 will be described. Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a second sequence diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention. The process of each step in Fig. 4 will be described below.

[0062] The process related to registration in 5GS shown in S201 to S218 and the process related to registration in 6GS shown in S219 to S230 are executed in parallel. By executing the processes in parallel, it is possible to reduce the time required for the process related to registration.

[0063] S201: AMF30A performs authentication as a 5GS presence environment.

[0064] S202: AMF30A sends a message (Nausf_UEAuthentication_Authenticate request) to AUSF30C notifying the information necessary to perform authentication as the 5GS home environment.

[0065] S203: AUSF30C performs authentication as the 5GS home environment.

[0066] S204: AUSF 30C transmits a response message (Nausf_UEAuthentication_Authenticate response) to the message received in S202 to AMF 30A.

[0067] S205: The AUSF30C transmits a message (Nudm_UEAuthentication_ResultConfirmation request) notifying confirmation of the authentication result to the UDM30H.

[0068] S206: The UDM 30H transmits a response message (Nudm_UEAuthentication_ResultConfirmation response) to the message received in S205 to the AUSF 30C.

[0069] In steps S207 to S218, processing is performed based on existing specifications related to registration in 5GS (see Non-Patent Documents 1-3, etc.).

[0070] S207: AMF 30C sends an Initial Context Setup request to base station 10A.

[0071] S208: The base station 10A transmits a SecurityModeCommand to the terminal 20.

[0072] S209: The terminal 20 transmits a SecurityModeComplete to the base station 10A.

[0073] S210: The base station 10A sends an Initial Context Setup response to the AMF 30C.

[0074] S211: The AMF 30C transmits Downlink NAS Transport to the base station 10A.

[0075] S212: The terminal 20 transmits DLInformationTransfer to the base station 10A.

[0076] S213: The terminal 20 transmits ULInformationTransfer to the base station 10A.

[0077] S214: The base station 10A transmits Uplink NAS Transport to the AMF 30C.

[0078] S215: AMF 30A sends a request message (Nudm_UECM_Registration request) to UDM 30H requesting registration of terminal 20.

[0079] S216: UDM30C sends a response message (Nudm_UECM_Registration response) to AMF30A in response to the request message received in S215.

[0080] S217: AMF 30A sends a request message (Nudm_SDM_Get request) to UDM 30H requesting subscriber information.

[0081] S218: UDM 30C transmits to AMF 30A a response message (Nudm_SDM_Get response) in response to the request message received in S217.

[0082] Thereafter, in steps S219 to S230, processing related to registration in 6GS is executed.

[0083] S219: AMF30A sends a message (Namf_Association_Update request) to 6GAMF30D that includes information indicating a response to authentication to 6GS.

[0084] S220: The 6GAMF30D performs authentication as a 6GS-resident environment.

[0085] S221: The 6GAMF30D sends the 6GAUSF30F a message (Nausf_UEAuthentication_Authenticate request) notifying the 6GAUSF30F of the information necessary to perform authentication as the home environment of the 6GS.

[0086] S222: 6GAUSF30F performs authentication as the home environment of 6GS.

[0087] S223: The 6GAUSF30F sends a response message (Nausf_UEAuthentication_Authenticate response) to the message received in S221 to the 6GAMF30D.

[0088] S224: The 6GAUSF30F sends a message (Nudm_UEAuthentication_ResultConfirmation request) to the UDM30H to notify confirmation of the authentication result.

[0089] S225: The UDM 30H transmits a response message (Nudm_UEAuthentication_ResultConfirmation response) to the message received in S224 to the 6GAUSF 30F.

[0090] S226: The 6GAMF 30D sends a request message (Nudm_UECM_Registration request) to the UDM 30H requesting registration of the terminal 20.

[0091] S227: The UDM30H sends a response message (Nudm_UECM_Registration response) to the request message received in S226 to the 6GAMF30D.

[0092] S228: The 6GAMF 30D sends a request message (Nudm_SDM_Get request) to the UDM 30H requesting subscriber information.

[0093] S229: The UDM 30H sends a response message (Nudm_SDM_Get response) to the request message received in S228 to the 6GAMF 30D.

[0094] S230: The 6GAMF 30D transmits a response message (Namf_Association_Update response) to the request message received in S219 to the AMF 30A. The response message includes information indicating acceptance of the registration of the terminal 20 to the 6GS, and is expressed as, for example, Namf_Association_Update response (6G NAS container (6G Registration accept)).

[0095] S231: The AMF 30A transmits to the base station 10A a message (Downlink NAS Transport) accepting registration to 5GS, including information indicating acceptance of registration to 6GS of the terminal 20. The message is expressed as, for example, Downlink NAS Transport (NAS-PDU (Registration accept (6G NAS container (6G Registration accept)))).

[0096] S232: The base station 10A transmits a message (DLInformationTransfer) including information indicating acceptance of the registration of the terminal 20 to 5GS and information indicating acceptance of the registration of the terminal 20 to 6GS to the terminal 20. The message is expressed as, for example, DLInformationTransfer (dedicatedNAS-Message(Registration accept (6G NAS container (6G Registration accept)))).

[0097] Next, a description will be given of a movement registration procedure executed in association with movement of the terminal 20. Here, processing is executed for movement from the movement source AMF 30A to the movement destination AMF 30B in 5GS, and movement from the movement source 6GAMF 30D to the movement destination 6GAMF 30E in 6GS. Figure 5 is a diagram showing an example of a third sequence diagram in an embodiment of the present invention. The processing of each step in Figure 5 will be described below.

[0098] S301: The terminal 20 decides to start a mobility registration procedure.

[0099] S302: The terminal 20 transmits a request message (RRCSetupRequest) requesting RRC setup to the base station 10A.

[0100] S303: The base station 10A transmits to the terminal 20 a response message (RRCSetup) in response to the request message received in S302.

[0101] S304: The terminal 20 transmits a message (RRCSetupComplete) notifying completion of RRC setup to the base station 10A. The message includes information indicating a request to perform mobility registration of the terminal 20 in 5GS and 6GS, and is expressed as, for example, RRCSetupComplete (dedicatedNAS-Message(Registration request (6G NAS container (6G Registration request)))).

[0102] S305: The base station 10A transmits to the AMF 30B a message (Initial UE message) including information indicating a request to perform mobile registration of the terminal in 5GS and 6GS, received in S304. The message includes location information (User Location Information) of the terminal 20, and is expressed as, for example, Initial UE message (NAS-PDU (Registration request (6G NAS container (6G Registration request))), User Location Information).

[0103] S306: AMF30B sends a request message (Namf_Communication_UEContextTransfer request) to AMF30A requesting information about the context of terminal 20.

[0104] S307: AMF 30A transmits a response message (Namf_Communication_UEContextTransfer response) to the request message received in S306 to AMF 30B. The response message includes information related to the context of the terminal 20.

[0105] Next, the process for registration in the 5GS shown in S308 to S309 and the process for registration in the 6GS shown in S310 to S318 are executed in parallel. By executing the processes in parallel, it is possible to reduce the time required for the process for registration.

[0106] S308: AMF 30B sends a request message (Nudm_UECM_Registration request) to UDM 30H requesting registration of terminal 20.

[0107] S309: UDM30C sends a response message (Nudm_UECM_Registration response) to AMF30B in response to the request message received in S308.

[0108] Thereafter, in the processes shown in S310 to S318, the process related to registration in 6GS is executed.

[0109] S310: AMF 30B extracts TAI (Tracking Area Information) from the location information (User Location Information) of the terminal 20 received in S305. Furthermore, AMF 30B queries NRF 30G for the instance ID of the 6GAMF corresponding to the TAI, and determines to discover and select 6GAMF 30E when registering the terminal 20 in 6GS.

[0110] S311: AMF 30B sends to NRF 30G a request message (Nnrf_NFDiscovery request) requesting discovery of an AMF in 6GS corresponding to the TAI extracted in S310. The request message is expressed as, for example, Nnrf_NFDiscovery request (6G AMF, TAI).

[0111] S312: The NRF 30G sends a response message (Nnrf_NFDiscovery response) to the request message received in S311 to the AMF 30. The response message includes the instance ID of the AMF (6GAMF 30E) in 6GS.

[0112] S313: The AMF 30B transmits to the 6GAMF 30E a request message (Namf_Association_Create request) requesting registration of the terminal 20 in 6GS. The request message includes information indicating that the terminal 20 is not present in 6GS (6G presence flag = 0), and is expressed as, for example, Namf_Association_Create request (6G NAS container (6G Registration request), 6G presence flag = 0).

[0113] S314: The 6GAMF30E sends a request message (Namf_Communication_UEContextTransfer request) to the 6GAMF30D requesting information about the context of the terminal 20.

[0114] S315: The 6GAMF 30D sends a response message (Namf_Communication_UEContextTransfer response) to the request message received in S314 to the 6GAMF 30E. The response message includes information about the context of the terminal 20.

[0115] S316: The 6GAMF 30E sends a request message (Nudm_UECM_Registration request) to the UDM 30H requesting registration of the terminal 20.

[0116] S317: The UDM 30C sends a response message (Nudm_UECM_Registration response) to the request message received in S316 to the 6GAMF 30E.

[0117] S318: The 6GAMF 3E sends a response message (Namf_Association_Create response) to the request message received in S313 to the AMF 30B. The response message includes information indicating acceptance of the registration of the terminal 20 to the 6GS, and is expressed as, for example, Namf_Association_Create response (6G NAS container (6G Registration accept)).

[0118] S319: The AMF 30B transmits to the base station 10A a message (Downlink NAS Transport) accepting registration to 5GS, including information indicating acceptance of registration to 6GS of the terminal 20. The message is expressed as, for example, Downlink NAS Transport (NAS-PDU (Registration accept (6G NAS container (6G Registration accept)))).

[0119] S320: The base station 10A transmits a message (DLInformationTransfer) including information indicating acceptance of the registration of the terminal 20 to 5GS and information indicating acceptance of the registration of the terminal 20 to 6GS to the terminal 20. The message is expressed as, for example, DLInformationTransfer (dedicatedNAS-Message(Registration accept (6G NAS container (6G Registration accept)))).

[0120] According to the above-described embodiment, in a wireless communication system, processing can be efficiently performed when one terminal is simultaneously registered in two communication systems.

[0121] (Device Configuration) Next, a description will be given of an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10, network node 30, and terminal 20 that perform the processes and operations described above. The base station 10, network node 30, and terminal 20 include functions for performing the above-described embodiments. However, the base station 10, network node 30, and terminal 20 may each include only a part of the functions of the embodiments.

[0122] <Base Station 10 and Network Node 30> Fig. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10 and the network node 30. As shown in Fig. 6, the base station 10 has a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140. The functional configuration shown in Fig. 6 is merely an example. As long as the operations according to the embodiment of the present invention can be performed, the names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any. Note that the network node 30 may have the same functional configuration as the base station 10. Furthermore, a network node 30 having multiple different functions in the system architecture may be composed of multiple network nodes 30 separated by function.

[0123] The transmitter 110 includes a function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the terminal 20 or another network node 30 and transmitting the signal by wire or wirelessly. The receiver 120 includes a function of receiving various signals transmitted from the terminal 20 or another network node 30 and acquiring, for example, information of a higher layer from the received signal. A communication unit including the transmitter 110 and the receiver 120 may be configured.

[0124] The setting unit 130 stores in a storage device preset setting information and various setting information to be transmitted to the terminal 20, and reads out from the storage device as needed. The content of the setting information is, for example, information related to a communication path in the IMS data channel network.

[0125] As described in the embodiments, the control unit 140 performs processing to enable communication between the communication device deployed on the satellite and the communication device deployed on the ground. The control unit 140 also performs processing related to communication with the terminal 20. The function unit related to signal transmission in the control unit 140 may be included in the transmitting unit 110, and the function unit related to signal reception in the control unit 140 may be included in the receiving unit 120.

[0126] <Terminal 20> Fig. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the terminal 20. As shown in Fig. 7, the terminal 20 has a transmitting unit 210, a receiving unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240. The functional configuration shown in Fig. 7 is merely an example. As long as the operations related to the embodiment of the present invention can be performed, the names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any. In addition, the communication device that becomes the resource holder 20 may have the same functional configuration as the terminal 20.

[0127] The transmitter 210 creates a transmission signal from transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiver 220 receives various signals wirelessly and acquires higher layer signals from the received physical layer signals. The receiver 220 also has a function of receiving control signals, reference signals, etc. transmitted from the network node 30. A communication unit including the transmitter 210 and the receiver 220 may be configured.

[0128] The setting unit 230 stores various pieces of setting information received from the network node 30 by the receiving unit 220 in a storage device and reads them from the storage device as needed. The setting unit 230 also stores setting information that is set in advance. The content of the setting information is, for example, information related to communication paths in the IMS network.

[0129] As described in the embodiments, the control unit 240 performs processing to enable communication between the communication device deployed on the satellite and the communication device deployed on the ground. The function unit related to signal transmission in the control unit 240 may be included in the transmitting unit 210, and the function unit related to signal reception in the control unit 240 may be included in the receiving unit 220.

[0130] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagrams (FIGS. 6 and 7) used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are connected directly or indirectly (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0131] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, assessment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0132] For example, the base station 10, the network node 30, the terminal 20, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The network node 30 may have the same hardware configuration as the base station 10. The above-described base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0133] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0134] Each function in the base station 10 and the terminal 20 is realized by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001, the memory device 1002, etc., so that the processor 1001 performs calculations, controls communication by the communication device 1004, and controls at least one of reading and writing data in the memory device 1002 and the auxiliary memory device 1003.

[0135] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, the above-mentioned control unit 140, control unit 240, etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0136] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the auxiliary storage device 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the storage device 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with the programs. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 140 of the base station 10 shown in FIG. 6 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and running on the processor 1001. Furthermore, for example, the control unit 240 of the terminal 20 shown in FIG. 7 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and running on the processor 1001. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may also be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0137] The storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured, for example, by at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The storage device 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory, etc. The storage device 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0138] The secondary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be, for example, at least one of an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy (registered trademark) disk, a magnetic strip, etc. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other appropriate medium including at least one of the storage device 1002 and the secondary storage device 1003.

[0139] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, a communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, a transmission / reception antenna, an amplifier unit, a transmission / reception unit, a transmission path interface, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit may be implemented as a transmission unit and a reception unit that are physically or logically separated.

[0140] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0141] Furthermore, each device such as the processor 1001 and the storage device 1002 is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0142] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0143] Fig. 9 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 9, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001, and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example.

[0144] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, by an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0145] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0146] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0147] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various types of information, such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013 or the like to provide various types of multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, a touch panel, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, a touch panel, etc.) that output information to the outside.

[0148] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driving burden on the driver, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps, etc.), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. In addition, the driving assistance system unit 2030 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize the driving assistance function or the autonomous driving function.

[0149] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0150] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0151] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 2021-2028 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2028, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0152] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle-to-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on an information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 2013). The communication module 2013 also stores the various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, etc. provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0153] <Supplementary Notes> (Supplementary Item 1) A terminal comprising: a receiver that receives, from a base station of a first communication system, broadcast information including information indicating that simultaneous registration in the first communication system and a second communication system is possible; and a transmitter that transmits, to the base station of the first communication system, a first message requesting registration in the first communication system, addressed to a first network node, including a registration request for the second communication system, wherein the receiver receives from the base station a second message accepting registration in the first communication system, sent by the first network node, including information indicating acceptance of registration in the second communication system. (Supplementary Item 2) The terminal according to Supplementary Item 1, wherein the receiver receives from the base station a third message requesting authentication for the first communication system, sent by the first network node, including an authentication request for the second communication system, and the transmitter transmits to the base station a fourth message responding to authentication for the first communication system, addressed to the first network node, including an authentication response for the second communication system. (Supplementary Item 3) A network node comprising: a receiver that receives, from a base station of a first communication system, a first message requesting registration with the first communication system, including a request for registration with the second communication system; a controller that selects a first network node to request registration with the second communication system using terminal location information included in the first message; and a transmitter that transmits, to the first network node, a second message requesting registration with the second communication system, wherein the receiver receives from the first network node a third message including acceptance of registration with the second communication system, and the transmitter transmits, to the base station, a fourth message including information indicating acceptance of registration with the first communication system and information indicating acceptance of registration with the second communication system.(Supplementary Item 4) The network node according to Supplementary Item 3, wherein the receiver receives a fifth message from the first network node requesting authentication for the second communication system; the transmitter transmits to the base station a sixth message requesting authentication for the first communication system, the sixth message including information indicating an authentication request for the second communication system; the receiver receives from the base station a seventh message responding to the authentication for the first communication system, the seventh message including information indicating an authentication response for the second communication system; and the transmitter transmits to the first network node an eighth message responding to the authentication for the second communication system. (Supplementary Item 5) A communication method executed by a terminal, comprising the steps of: receiving, from a base station of a first communication system, notification information including information indicating that simultaneous registration in the first communication system and a second communication system is possible; transmitting, to the base station of the first communication system, a first message requesting registration in the first communication system, addressed to a first network node, including a registration request for the second communication system; and receiving, from the base station, a second message accepting registration in the first communication system, including information indicating acceptance of registration in the second communication system, transmitted by the first network node.

[0154] Any of supplementary items 1 to 5 makes it possible to efficiently register one terminal in two wireless communication systems simultaneously in a wireless communication system.

[0155] (Supplementary Notes on the Embodiments) Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the disclosed invention is not limited to such embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand various modifications, alterations, alternatives, and substitutions. While specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, unless otherwise specified, these numerical values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​may be used. The division of items in the above description is not essential to the present invention; matters described in two or more items may be used in combination as needed, and matters described in one item may apply to matters described in another item (as long as there is no contradiction). Boundaries between functional units or processing units in functional block diagrams do not necessarily correspond to boundaries between physical components. The operations of multiple functional units may be performed by a single physical component, or the operations of a single functional unit may be performed by multiple physical components. The order of processing steps described in the embodiments may be reversed as long as there is no contradiction. For convenience of processing description, the base station 10 and terminal 20 have been described using functional block diagrams, but such devices may be realized by hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The software operated by the processor of the base station 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention and the software operated by the processor of the terminal 20 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention may each be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, register, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server, or any other suitable storage medium.

[0156] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0157] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be implemented using any of the following standards: LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal number)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.34 ( The present invention may be applied to at least one of systems using 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wide Band), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable systems, and next-generation systems that are extended, modified, created, or defined based on these systems. The present invention may also be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE and / or LTE-A with 5G).

[0158] The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described herein may be rearranged unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0159] In this specification, a specific operation described as being performed by the base station 10 may be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having the base station 10, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with the terminal 20 may be performed by at least one of the base station 10 and another network node other than the base station 10 (such as, but not limited to, an MME or an S-GW). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station 10, the other network node may be a combination of multiple other network nodes (such as an MME and an S-GW).

[0160] The information, signals, etc. described in the present disclosure may be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer), or may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0161] Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be transmitted to another device.

[0162] In the present disclosure, the determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value (true or false), or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0163] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0164] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0165] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0166] Note that terms described in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0167] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0168] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0169] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0170] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "base station device," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. A base station may also be referred to by terms such as a macrocell, a small cell, a femtocell, and a picocell.

[0171] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (RRH: Remote Radio Head)). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication services within that coverage.

[0172] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.

[0173] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," and the like may be used interchangeably.

[0174] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0175] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object refers to a movable object, and may move at any speed. Naturally, this also includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of the mobile object include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile object may also be a mobile object that moves autonomously based on an operational command. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0176] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals 20 (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0177] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal described above.

[0178] As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like. Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0179] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0180] The reference signal may be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal) or may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0181] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0182] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0183] The "means" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0184] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0185] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0186] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0187] The aspects / embodiments described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be implicit (e.g., not notifying the predetermined information).

[0188] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0189] 10 Base station 110 Transmitter 120 Receiver 130 Setting unit 140 Control unit 20 Terminal 210 Transmitter 220 Receiver 230 Setting unit 240 Control unit 30 Network node 1001 Processor 1002 Storage device 1003 Auxiliary storage device 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device 2001 Vehicle 2002 Drive unit 2003 Steering unit 2004 Accelerator pedal 2005 Brake pedal 2006 Shift lever 2007 Front wheels 2008 Rear wheels 2009 Axle 2010 Electronic control unit 2012 Information service unit 2013 Communication module 2021 Current sensor 2022 RPM sensor 2023 Tire pressure sensor 2024 Vehicle speed sensor 2025 Acceleration sensor 2026 Brake pedal sensor 2027 Shift lever sensor 2028 Object detection sensor 2029 Accelerator pedal sensor 2030 Driving assistance system unit 2031 Microprocessor 2032 Memory (ROM, RAM) 2033 Communication port (IO port)

Claims

1. A terminal having a receiving unit that receives notification information from a base station of a first communication system, the notification information including information indicating that simultaneous registration in the first communication system and a second communication system is possible; and a transmitting unit that transmits to the base station of the first communication system a first message requesting registration in the first communication system, the first message including a request for registration in the second communication system, addressed to a first network node, wherein the receiving unit receives from the base station a second message accepting registration in the first communication system, the second message including information indicating acceptance of registration in the second communication system, transmitted by the first network node.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the receiver receives from the base station a third message requesting authentication for the first communication system, the third message including an authentication request for the second communication system, transmitted by the first network node; and the transmitter transmits to the base station a fourth message responding to the authentication for the first communication system, the fourth message being addressed to the first network node and including an authentication response for the second communication system.

3. A network node comprising: a receiver that receives a first message requesting registration with a first communication system from a base station of a first communication system, the first message including a request for registration with the second communication system; a controller that selects a first network node to request registration with the second communication system using terminal location information included in the first message; and a transmitter that transmits a second message requesting registration with the second communication system to the first network node, wherein the receiver receives a third message from the first network node including acceptance of registration with the second communication system, and the transmitter transmits a fourth message to the base station including information indicating acceptance of registration with the first communication system and information indicating acceptance of registration with the second communication system.

4. The network node according to claim 3, wherein the receiver receives a fifth message requesting authentication for the second communication system from the first network node; the transmitter transmits a sixth message requesting authentication for the first communication system to the base station, the sixth message including information indicating an authentication request for the second communication system; the receiver receives a seventh message responding to the authentication for the first communication system from the base station, the seventh message including information indicating an authentication response for the second communication system; and the transmitter transmits an eighth message responding to the authentication for the second communication system to the first network node.

5. A communication method executed by a terminal, comprising the steps of: receiving, from a base station of a first communication system, notification information including information indicating that simultaneous registration in the first communication system and a second communication system is possible; transmitting, to the base station of the first communication system, a first message requesting registration in the first communication system, addressed to a first network node, including a request for registration in the second communication system; and receiving, from the base station, a second message accepting registration in the first communication system, including information indicating acceptance of registration in the second communication system, transmitted by the first network node.

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