Methods of treatment warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia using sovleplenib
Sovleplenib provides a new pharmacological approach for treating wAIHA, particularly in relapsed or intolerant cases, by administering specific dosages to achieve targeted AUCtau, ss values, improving hemoglobin levels and reducing red blood cell destruction, and enhancing health-related quality of life.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/085959
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-04-02
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-09
AI Technical Summary
Current treatments for warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) are limited, and there is an unmet clinical need for new pharmacological therapies, particularly for patients with relapsed, refractory, or intolerant cases, as well as those with underlying diseases or severe and acute-onset conditions.
Administering sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to subjects with wAIHA, including those with primary or secondary wAIHA, severe or acute-onset, and those who have had insufficient responses or intolerances to prior treatments, at specific dosages to achieve targeted AUCtau, ss values, potentially in combination with other therapies.
Sovleplenib demonstrates improved hemoglobin levels, reduced red blood cell destruction, and enhanced health-related quality of life, with durable responses and reduced reliance on rescue treatments, while being safe and tolerable over time.
Smart Images

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Abstract
Description
METHODS OF TREATMENT WARM AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA USING SOVLEPLENIBTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to methods of treating Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) .BACKGROUND
[0002] Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare and serious blood disease. Its pathogenic mechanism is as follows: autoantibodies produced by human immune system react with antigens to accelerate the destruction of self-healthy red blood cells (RBCs) , thereby causing hemolytic anemia. Symptoms of AIHA include fatigue, looked pale, rapid heartbeat, and tachypnoea. In severe cases, pyrexia, chest pain, lipothymia, or cardiac failure may occur. Data form foreign countries showed that the annual incidence of AIHA was (0.8-3.0) / 100,000, the prevalence was 17 / 100,000, and the mortality was 8%to 11%.
[0003] Based on the temperatures at which the specific autoantibodies optimally react with red blood cells, AIHA can be divided into wAIHA, cold AIHA [including cold agglutinin syndrome (CAS) , paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) and mixed AIHA] . Among them, wAIHA is the most common type, accounting for 60%-80%of the incidence of AIHA, with a median age of onset of 52 years, and most patients with AIHA are female. According to the absence / presence of underlying diseases such as autoimmune disease (20%) , lymphoproliferative disorder (20%) , infection or neoplasms, wAIHA may be classified as primary or secondary.
[0004] The main pathogenesis of wAIHA can be explained as follows: macrophages accelerate the clearance of RBCs coated with autoantibodies through FcR at a rate higher than the bone marrow's compensatory capacity, thereby leading to anaemia. Treatment with glucocorticoids has been the standard first-line treatment for many years. Based on the latest data from two studies, glucocorticoids with or without rituximab have already became the new option for first-line treatment. For patients receiving first-line steroid therapy, the option of long-term second-line therapy is splenectomy. However, the incidence of infection after splenectomy increased and may be accompanied by other complications, and the rate of splenectomy has gradually decreased in recent years. Recently, rituximab (an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) has emerged as the recommended second-line treatment. Immunosuppressants, such as mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, and ciclosporin, is an alternative with low toxicity that can also be used as third-line therapy. Syk signaling pathway has already became the new target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. A Phase III clinical study of Fostamatinib (Syk inhibitor) for wAIHA has now been completed, and results presented at the ASH meeting in 2022 showed that the primary endpoint was not met in the overall population.
[0005] To date, the therapeutic drugs for AIHA are very limited, and there is an unmet clinical need for new pharmacological treatments.SUMMARY
[0006] Provided herein are the following embodiments:
[0007] E1. A method of treating warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0008] E2. The method of E1, wherein the wAIHA is primary wAIHA or secondary wAIHA.
[0009] E3. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the wAIHA is secondary wAIHA which is associated with an underlying disease including lymphoproliferative syndromes; malignant diseases including chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL) , non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and solid tumors; rheumatologic diseases, especially systemic lupus erythematosus; infections (mostly viral) ; drugs; frequent cephalosporins and piperacillin; or a previous transfusion or transplantation.
[0010] E4. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the wAIHA is severe and / or acute-onset wAIHA, or is non-severe or non-acute-onsetwAIHA.
[0011] E5. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has relapsed or refractory wAIHA, optionally after 8~12 months or more than one year from diagnosis.
[0012] E6. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has previously received at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment.
[0013] E7. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has had an insufficient response or intolerance to at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment, or has relapsed after at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment.
[0014] E8. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has had an insufficient response or intolerance to at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment.
[0015] E9. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has primary wAIHA and has had an insufficient response or intolerance to at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment, or has primary wAIHA with severe and / or acute-onset and has had an insufficient response or intolerance to at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment, or has primary wAIHA with non-severe or non-acute-onset and has had an insufficient response or intolerance to at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment.
[0016] E10. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has secondary wAIHA and has had an insufficient response or intolerance to at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment, or has secondary wAIHA with severe and / or acute-onset and has had an insufficient response or intolerance to at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment, or has secondary wAIHA with non-severe or non-acute-onset and has had an insufficient response or intolerance to at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment.
[0017] E11. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has relapsed after at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment.
[0018] E12. The method of any one of E6-E11, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment is one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve or more prior anti-wAIHA treatments.
[0019] E13. The method of any one of E6-E12, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment is two, three, four, five, six or more prior anti-wAIHA treatments.
[0020] E14. The method of any one of E6-E13, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises at least one treatment of first-line anti-wAIHA treatment, second-line anti-wAIHA treatment, third-line anti-wAIHA treatment and a further treatment, e.g. comprises first-line anti-wAIHA treatment, second-line anti-wAIHA treatment and third-line anti-wAIHA treatment and optionally a further treatment.
[0021] E15. The method of any one of E6-E14, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises at least one treatment of first-line anti-wAIHA treatment and second-line anti-wAIHA treatment.
[0022] E16. The method of any one of E6-E15, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises one or more (e.g., one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve or more, e.g., two, three, four, five or more) treatments selected from corticosteroids (including glucocorticoid, including prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone and / or betamethasone) , anti-CD20 antibody treatment (including rituximab) , blood cell transfusion, erythropoietin (α, β, or δ) , immunosuppressants (including cyclosporine A, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetilb) , mTOR inhibitors (including sirolimus) , bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, danazol, an intravenous immunoglobulin treatment (IVIg) , Traditional Chinese medicine and splenectomy; optionally, the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment does not comprise a Syk inhibitor (including fostamatinib) .
[0023] E17. The method of any one of E6-E16, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises one or more (e.g., one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve or more, e.g., two, three, four, five or more) treatments selected from corticosteroids (including glucocorticoid, including prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone and / or betamethasone) , anti-CD20 antibody treatment (including rituximab) , blood cell transfusion, erythropoietin, immunosuppressants (including cyclosporine A, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetilb) , mTOR inhibitors (including sirolimus) , bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, danazol, and splenectomy; optionally, the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment does not comprise a Syk inhibitor (including fostamatinib) .
[0024] E18. The method of any one of E6-E17, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises corticosteroids, including glucocorticoids.
[0025] E19. The method of any one of E6-E18, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone and / or dexamethasone.
[0026] E20. The method of any one of E6-E19, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises an anti-CD20 antibody treatment.
[0027] E21. The method of any one of E6-E20, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises rituximab.
[0028] E22. The method of any one of E6-E21, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises corticosteroids (including glucocorticoids) and an anti-CD20 antibody treatment.
[0029] E23. The method of any one of E6-E22, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises glucocorticoids and rituximab.
[0030] E24. The method of any one of E6-E23, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises immunosuppressants.
[0031] E25. The method of any one of E6-E24, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises splenectomy.
[0032] E26. The method of any one of E6-E23, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises immunosuppressants and splenectomy, wherein the immunosuppressants are selected from the cyclosporine A, azathioprine and / or mycophenolate mofetilb.
[0033] E27. The method of any one of E6-E26, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises sirolimus, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and / or danazol.
[0034] E28. The method of any one of E6-E27, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises a rescue anti-wAIHA treatment.
[0035] E29. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has a hemoglobin level < lower limit of normal (LLN) prior to the treatment of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0036] E30. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has a hemoglobin level of ≤ 100g / L (or ≤ 70g / L, or more than 70g / L and less than 100g / L) prior to the treatment of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0037] E31. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has a positive Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) (IgA / IgG +, with or without C3 +) prior to the treatment of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0038] E32. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has a positive Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) (IgA / IgG +, with or without C3d +) prior to the treatment of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0039] E33. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject is in an active hemolysis prior to the treatment of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0040] E34. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has a percentage of reticulocytes > 4%or an absolute value of > 120 x 109 / L or hemoglobin < the lower limit of normal (LLN) ; or a total bilirubin > the upper limit of normal values (ULN) ; or a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level > upper limit of normal (ULN) prior to the treatment of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0041] E35. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has not responded to sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof during the first 12 weeks treatment.
[0042] E36. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject is human adult.
[0043] E37. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject is Asian population.
[0044] E38. The method of any one of E1-E36s, wherein the subject is non-Asian population, optionally Western population, American population, European population, Caucasian population, Oceanian population (Australoid) , and / or African population.
[0045] E39. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a daily dosage of about 100-600 mg, or at a dosage sufficient to achieve an AUCtau, ss value of about 600-5000 h × ng / mL .
[0046] E40. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a daily dosage of about 100-400 mg, about 100-300 mg, about 300-500 mg, about 100mg, about 200mg, about 300 mg, about 400 mg, about 500 mg, or about 600 mg.
[0047] E41. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a daily dosage of about 100-300 mg, e.g, about 100 mg, about 200 mg or about 300mg.
[0048] E42. The method of any one of E1-E40, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a daily dosage of about 300-500 mg, about 300 mg, about 400 mg or about 500 mg.
[0049] E43. The method of any one of E1-E40, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a daily dosage of about 300 mg.
[0050] E44. The method of any one of E1-E40, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a daily dosage of about 500 mg.
[0051] E45. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a dosage sufficient to achieve an AUCtau, ss value of about 600-800, about 1000-1300, about 1900-2200, or about 2900-3200 h × ng / mL, optionally about 650-670, about 1145-1165, about 2055-2175, or about 3055-3075 h × ng / mL, optionally about 661, about 1156, about 2067, or about 3065 h × ng / mL .
[0052] E46. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein AUCtau, ss value is about 1900-2200, about 2000-2100, about 2045-2185, about 2055-2175, or about 2067 h × ng / mL.
[0053] E47. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a dosage sufficient to achieve an AUCtau, ss value of about 2067 h × ng / mL .
[0054] E48. The method of any one of E1-E40, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a daily dosage of about 100-300 mg, e.g, about 100 mg, about 200 mg or about 300 mg, or at a dosage sufficient to achieve an AUCtau, ss value of about 2055-2175 h × ng / mL (e.g. 2067 h × ng / mL) .
[0055] E49. The method of any one of E1-E40, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a daily dosage of about 300mg, or at a dosage sufficient to achieve an AUCtau, ss value of about 2055-2175 h × ng / mL (e.g. 2067 h × ng / mL) .
[0056] E50. The method of any one of E1-E40, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a daily dosage of about 100-300 mg, e.g, about 100 mg, about 200 mg or about 300 mg, or at a dosage sufficient to achieve an AUCtau, ss value of about 2055-2175 h × ng / mL (e.g. 2067 h × ng / mL) , and wherein the subject is Asian population.
[0057] E51. The method of any one of E1-E40, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a daily dosage of about 300 mg, or at a dosage sufficient to achieve an AUCtau, ss value of about 2055-2175 h × ng / mL (e.g. 2067 h × ng / mL) , and wherein the subject is Asian population.
[0058] E52. The method of any one of E1-E40, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a daily dosage of about 300-500 mg, e.g, about 300 mg, about 400 mg or about 500 mg, or at a dosage sufficient to achieve an AUCtau, ss value of about 2055-2175 h × ng / mL (e.g. 2067 h × ng / mL) .
[0059] E53. The method of any one of E1-E40, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a daily dosage of about 500mg, or at a dosage sufficient to achieve an AUCtau, ss value of about 2055-2175 h × ng / mL (e.g. 2067 h × ng / mL) .
[0060] E54. The method of any one of E1-E40, wherein the daily dosage is about 300-500 mg, e.g, about 300 mg, about 400 mg or about 500 mg, or the dosage is sufficient to achieve an AUCtau, ss value of about 2055-2175 h × ng / mL (e.g. 2067 h × ng / mL) , and wherein the subject is non-Asian population, e.g., Western population, American population, European population, Caucasian population, Oceanian population (Australoid) , and / or African population.
[0061] E55. The method of any one of E1-E40, wherein the daily dosage is about 500mg, or the dosage is sufficient to achieve an AUCtau, ss value of about 2055-2175 h × ng / mL (e.g. 2067 h × ng / mL) , and wherein the subject is non-Asian population, e.g., Western population, American population, European population, Caucasian population, Oceanian population (Australoid) , and / or African population.
[0062] E56. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the dosage of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is reduced during the treatment, when the subject experiences drug related adverse event or the subject's condition improves or stabilizes over time.
[0063] E57. The method of any one of E43, E49 and E51, wherein the daily dosage of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is reduced to 200 mg and optionally further to 100 mg daily during the treatment, when the subject experiences drug related adverse event or the subject's condition improves or stabilizes over time.
[0064] E58. The method of any one of E43, E49 and E51, wherein the daily dosage of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is reduced sequentially to 200 mg and 100 mg during the treatment, when the subject experiences drug related adverse event or the subject's condition improves or stabilizes over time.
[0065] E59. The method of any one of E44, E53 and E55, wherein the daily dosage of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is reduced sequentially to 400 mg and optionally further to 300 mg during the treatment, when the subject experiences drug related adverse event or the subject's condition improves or stabilizes over time.
[0066] E60. The method of any one of E44, E53 and E55, wherein the daily dosage of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is reduced sequentially to 400 mg and 300 mg during the treatment, when the subject experiences drug related adverse event or the subject's condition improves or stabilizes over time.
[0067] E61. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the dosage is administered once per day (QD) , or in divided doses, e.g., twice per day (BID) .
[0068] E62. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the dosage is administered once per day (QD) .
[0069] E63. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered orally.
[0070] E64. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered as a monotherapy, or in combination with one or more additional therapeutic agents.
[0071] E65. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in combination with a concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment, e.g, concurrently with one concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment.
[0072] E66. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has been receiving a stable dose of concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment.
[0073] E67. The method of any one of E64-E66, wherein the additional therapeutic agents or the concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment is one concomitant medication selected from corticosteroids and immunosuppressants.
[0074] E68. The method of any one of E64-E67, wherein the additional therapeutic agents or the concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment is one concomitant medication selected from glucocorticoids, cyclosporine A, azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetilb.
[0075] E69. The method of any one of E67-E68, wherein the additional therapeutic agents or the concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment is not a rescue treatment.
[0076] E70. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, comprising administering to the subject sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for at least 2 or more weeks, e.g., at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 or more weeks, or for at least 1, 2, 3 or more years.
[0077] E71. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, comprising administering to the subject sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for at least 12 or more weeks, e.g., at least 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 or more weeks.
[0078] E72. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, comprising administering to the subject sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for at least 1, 2, 3 or more years.
[0079] E73. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has durable response (including an improved durable response rate (DRR) ) , improved overall response (including improved overall response rate (ORR) ) , stable response, improved hemoglobin (Hb) level (e.g., improved median Hb level, and / or improved change in Hb level from baseline) , a reduction in red blood cell destruction and / or hemolysis (e.g., a reduction in hemolytic markers, e.g., reticulocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) , haptoglobin, and / or total bilirubin (TBIL) ) , improved duration time of stable response, improved response accumulation time, a fast onset of action or improved time to response (TTR) , long-term wAIHA remission, improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (e.g., in terms of physical functioning, energy / fatigue, role limitations due to physical health, role limitations due to emotional problems, emotional well-being, and / or general health, e.g., as shown by Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) Scale and / or SF-36 Scale) , a reduction of incidence of fatigue, a reduction in the use of rescue treatment (e.g., a rescue medication) and / or reduction or interruption of baseline concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment, and / or is safe and tolerable over time, optionally with low risk gastrointestinal toxicity, after treatment with sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0080] E74. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has durable response (including an improved DRR) , after treatment with sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, e.g., improved durable response rate in 0-8 weeks or in 0-24 weeks, after treatment with sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0081] E75. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has Hb durable response (including an improved Hb DRR) , after treatment with sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, e.g., improved Hb durable response rate in 0-8 weeks or in 0-24 weeks, after treatment with sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0082] E76. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has improved overall response (including improved ORR) , e.g., improved overall response rate in 0-8 weeks or in 0-24 weeks, after treatment with sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0083] E77. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has improved Hb overall response (including Hb improved ORR) , e.g., improved Hb overall response rate in 0-8 weeks or in 0-24 weeks, after treatment with sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0084] E78. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has stable response.
[0085] E79. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has improved Hb level, including achieving an increase in Hb level, e.g, by at least 10g / L, 15g / L, 20g / L, 25g / L, 30g / L, 35g / L, 40g / L, 45g / L, or 50g / L, relative to prior to treatment; or achieving an Hb level of at least 100g / L, 110g / L, 115g / L, 120g / L, 125g / L, 130g / L, 135g / L, 140g / L, 145g / L, or 150g / L; and / or maintaining the improved Hb level for at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 or more weeks, after treatment with sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0086] E80. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has improved Hb level, including achieving an increase in Hb level, e.g, by at least 10g / L, 15g / L, 20g / L, 25g / L, 30g / L, 35g / L, 40g / L, 45g / L, or 50g / L, relative to prior to treatment, after treatment with sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0087] E81. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has improved Hb level, including achieving an Hb level of at least 100g / L, 110g / L, 115g / L, 120g / L, 125g / L, 130g / L, 135g / L, 140g / L, 145g / L, or 150g / L, after treatment with sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0088] E82. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has improved Hb level, including maintaining the improved Hb level for at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 or more weeks, after treatment with sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, after treatment with sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0089] E83. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has a reduction in red blood cell destruction and / or hemolysis, e.g., a reduction in hemolytic markers, e.g., reticulocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) , haptoglobin, and / or total bilirubin (TBIL) , after treatment with sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0090] E84. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has a fast onset of action or improved TTR, improved duration time of stable response, and / or improved response accumulation time, after treatment with sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0091] E85. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) , e.g., in terms of physical functioning, energy / fatigue, role limitations due to physical health, role limitations due to emotional problems, emotional well-being, and / or general health, after treatment with sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0092] E86. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) , e.g., as shown by Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) Scale and / or SF-36 Scale, after treatment with sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0093] E87. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in terms of physical functioning and energy / fatigue, after treatment with sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0094] E88. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has a reduction of incidence of fatigue.
[0095] E89. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the subject has a reduction in the use of rescue treatment (e.g., rescue medication) and / or reduction or interruption of baseline concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment, after treatment with sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0096] E90. The method of any one of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of sovleplenib is sovleplenib acetate.
[0097] E91. An article of manufacture comprising:
[0098] a sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and
[0099] a package insert comprising instructions for using sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to treat warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) in a subject in need thereof, wherein the instructions indicate that sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administrated as defined in any one of the preceding Embodiments.
[0100] E92. Sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in a method as defined in any one of E1-E90.
[0101] E93. Sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use for the treatment of warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) in a subject in need thereof, wherein the treatment is according to the method of any one of E1-E90.
[0102] E94. A pharmaceutical composition comprising sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for treating warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) in a subject in need thereof as defined in any one of E1-E90.
[0103] E95. Use of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) in a subject in need thereof, wherein the treatment is according to the method of any one of E1-E90.
[0104] E96. Use of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) in a subject in need thereof, wherein the treatment is according to the method of any one of E1-E90.
[0105] Each embodiment described in the present disclosure and the features in each embodiment should be understood as being capable of combining with each other in any manner, and those technical solutions obtained by such combination (s) are all included in the scope of the present disclosure the same as if each and every technical solution obtained by such combination (s) were specifically and individually listed, unless the context clearly shows otherwise.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0106] Definitions
[0107] The following terms, unless otherwise indicated, shall be understood to have the following meanings:
[0108] As used herein, including the claims, the singular forms of words, such as “a” , “an” and “the” , include their corresponding plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0109] As used herein, the term “about” means approximately, in the region of, roughly, or around. When the term “about” is used in conjunction with a numerical range, it modifies that range or that numerical value by extending the boundaries above and below the numerical values set forth. In general, the term “about” is used herein to modify a numerical value above and below the stated value by a variance of ≤ ± 20%, e.g., ± 10%, ±5%, ± 1%, or ± 0.1%, as such variations are appropriate to perform the disclosed methods.
[0110] The term “comprise” , “comprises” and “comprising” are to be interpreted inclusively rather than exclusively and are intended to mean “including, but not limited to” . Likewise, the terms “include” , “contain” and variations of them should all be construed to be inclusive, unless such a construction is clearly prohibited from the context. For example, a method “comprising” X may consist exclusively of X or may include something additional, e.g., X+Y.
[0111] The term “and / or” shall be construed to mean that one or more of the listed elements or conditions may be present individually or in combination, without necessarily requiring all elements or conditions to be present simultaneously.
[0112] As used herein, the term of “autoimmune hemolytic anemia” or “AIHA” refers to an autoimmune disease or disorder caused by increased red blood cell (RBC) destruction triggered by autoantibodies reacting against RBC antigens with or without complement activation. Based on the temperatures at which the specific autoantibodies optimally react with red blood cells, AIHA can be divided into wAIHA, cold AIHA [including cold agglutinin syndrome (CAS) , paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) and mixed AIHA] . wAIHA may be classified as primary or secondary. Primary wAIHA is idiopathic, not associated with any other conditions, whereas secondary wAIHA is associated with an underlying disease (e.g. lymphoproliferative syndromes; malignant diseases including chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL) , non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and solid tumors; rheumatologic diseases, especially systemic lupus erythematosus; infections (mostly viral) ; drugs; frequent cephalosporins and piperacillin; or a previous transfusion or transplantation) . wAIHA also comprises relapsed or refractory wAIHA, acute and / or severe wAIHA, or non-acute or non-severe wAIHA; and acute and / or severe wAIHA, or non-acute or non-severe wAIHA, with insufficient response to at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment (e.g. first line anti-wAIHA treatment, second line anti-wAIHA treatment, and / or or third line anti-wAIHA treatment) , with a new relapse and / or with exacerbation.
[0113] As used herein, the terms “treat” or “treatment” refer to therapeutic treatment wherein the object is to slow down or lessen an undesired physiological change or disease, or provide a beneficial or desired clinical outcome during treatment. For purposes of this invention, beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: decreasing one or more symptoms resulting from the disease, diminishing the extent of the disease, stabilizing the disease (e.g., preventing or delaying the worsening of the disease) , delay or slowing the progression of the disease, ameliorating the disease state, decreasing the dose of one or more other medications required to treat the disease, and / or increasing the quality of life.
[0114] Treatment may involve a treatment agent, also referred to herein as a “medication” or “drug” that may be intended to help achieve the beneficial or desired clinical outcome of interest by its action. Treatment agents or medications may be administered to a subject by many routes, including at least intravenous and oral routes. The term “oral” , in connection to the administration of treatment agents or medications, refers to the administration of said treatment agents or medications via an oral passage such as the mouth.
[0115] As used herein, the term of “anti-wAIHA treatment” or “wAIHA treatment” refers to any method of treatment generally recognized as being effective in the treatment of wAIHA. In some embodiments, such anti-wAIHA treatment is in accordance with guidelines published by national or international authorities such as the American Society of Hematology. In some embodiments, “anti-wAIHA treatment” comprises taking a wait-and-see approach, i.e., monitoring clinical and laboratory parameters without treatment intervention while a subject has an Hb level ≥100 g / L with an increase of ≥20 g / L from baseline. In some embodiments, “anti-wAIHA treatment” comprises treatment intervention with one or more anti-wAIHA drugs discussed herein and / or splenectomy. For anti-wAIHA drugs involving intervention with one or more anti-wAIHA drugs, the one or more anti-wAIHA drugs can be administered on one or more occasions, and in the case of multiple occasions, each compound independently on a scheduled basis or on an as-needed basis.
[0116] As used herein, the term “anti-wAIHA drug” , “anti-wAIHA agent” or “anti-wAIHA medication” is used interchangeably and refers to any compound that is generally recognized as being effective in the treatment of wAIHA. Any compound or class of compounds mentioned in any national treatment guidelines for wAHIA is deemed as “anti-wAIHA standard drug” and within the definition of “anti-wAIHA drug” . For example, the Chinese guideline on the diagnosis and management of adult primary wAIHA (version 2023) (Chin J Hematol, January 2023, Vol. 44, No. 1) and Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in adults: Recommendations from the First International Consensus Meeting (Blood Rev. Jager U, Barcellini W, Broome CM, et al. 2020; 41: 100648) provide examples of compounds deemed to be within this definition. These include, without limitation, corticosteroids (including glucocorticoids, e.g. prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone and betamethasone) , anti-CD20 antibody, including rituximab, erythropoietin (EOP) , immunosuppressants (e.g. cyclosporine A, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetilb) , mTOR inhibitors (e.g. sirolimus) , bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, danazol, IV immunoglobulin. In accordance with the foregoing, a compound for anti-wAIHA treatment may also include any one or more of parsaclisib, pegcetacoplan, orilanolimab, nipocalimab, daratumumab, fostamatinib, interleukin-2, abatacept, imlifidase. It will be understood that new compounds will be added to this definition as science progresses.
[0117] The term “lines of treatment” or “lines of therapy” as used in connection with methods of treatment herein, refers to one or more cycles of a planned treatment program, which may have consisted of one or more planned cycles of single-agent therapy or combination therapy, as well as a sequence of treatments administered in a planned manner. A new line of therapy is considered to have started when a planned course of therapy has been modified to include other treatment agents or medications (alone or in combination) as a result of disease progression, relapse, or toxicity. A new line of therapy is also considered to have started when a planned period of observation off therapy had been interrupted by a need for additional treatment for the disease.
[0118] “First-line” as in first-line treatment or first-line therapy for a disease or condition refers to the first or initial treatment or therapy administered for said disease or condition. “Second-line” as in second-line treatment or second-line therapy for a disease or condition refers to a treatment or therapy administered after an initial treatment for said disease or condition (first-line treatment) , usually because the initial treatment is ineffective or insufficiently effective, has stopped being effective, or has side effects. For example, “first-line treatment” for wAIHA includes, but not limited to glucocorticoid (including glucocorticoid, e.g. prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, and betamethasone) alone or in combination with anti-CD20 antibody (e.g., rituximab) , “second-line treatment” for wAIHA includes, but not limited to anti-CD20 antibody (e.g., rituximab) , “third-line treatment” for wAIHA includes, but not limited to immunosuppressants (e.g. cyclosporine A, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetilb) and / or splenectomy.
[0119] As used herein, the term “erythropoietin” or “EPO” refers to any agents having the similar biological functions as endogenous EPO (e.g. erythropoietin α, β, or δ) . For example, the agent can be recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) , a full-length glycosylated-EPO produced by Chinese hamster ovary cells.
[0120] As used herein, “corticosteroid” refers to any one of several synthetic or naturally occurring substances with the general chemical structure of steroids that mimic or augment the effects of the naturally occurring corticosteroids (e.g., glucocorticoids) . Examples of glucocorticoids include prednisone, prednisolone (including methylprednisolone) , dexamethasone and betamethasone.
[0121] As used herein, the term “CD20 antibody” or “anti-CD20 antibody” as used herein refers to an antibody which binds specifically to the antigen CD20, in particular to human CD20. In some embodiments, the previously received anti-CD20 antibody comprises rituximab.
[0122] As used herein, the term “relapsed or refractory” or “R / R” disease, unless specified otherwise, is intended to refer to relapsed and / or refractory disease. “Refractory” disease refers to disease which either progressed during therapy, failed to achieve an objective response to prior therapy, or progressed after completion of therapy. “Relapsed” or “recurrence” disease refers to disease which previously responded to therapy but progressed after completion of therapy. For example, “recurrence” or “relapsed” wAIHA may be defined by the following clinical outcomes: the Hb level is again <100 g / L, after a post-effective anti-wAIHA treatment.
[0123] As used herein, the term “response” refers to an outcome that can be assessed using any endpoint indicating a benefit to the subject, including, without limitation, (1) improved Hb level; (2) onset of action or improved time to response; (3) reduction of hemolytic markers (e.g. decrease reticulocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) , haptoglobin, or total bilirubin (TBIL) ; (4) achieving a overall Hb response and / or durable Hb response; (5) reduction of incidence of patients receiving rescue treatment; (6) reduction or interruption of baseline concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment; (7) relief, to some extent, of one or more symptoms associated with the previously untreated wAIHA; (8) improved quality of life, including health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and / or (9) reduction of incidence of fatigue.
[0124] As used herein, the term “insufficient response” refers to signs and / or symptoms of persistently active disease (e.g., wAIHA) despite a history of treatment with one or more therapeutics, for example, prior anti-wAIHA treatment (s) , such as corticosteroids (e.g., glucocorticoids) , anti-CD20 antibody treatment, immunosuppressants. Insufficient response may be defined by specific clinical or other endpoints such as those described in the Examples provided herein. An insufficient response as provided herein includes outcomes where no discernable response to treatment is observed (e.g., no response) , and outcomes where a response to treatment is observable but considered insufficient or suboptimal to meaningfully alleviate symptoms or treat the disease. An insufficient response includes a refractory response and recurrence. In some embodiments, “insufficient response” to a prior glucocorticoid may be defined by the following clinical outcomes: no response (defined as failure to achieve a stable Hb level of 100 g / L or an erythrocyte hematocrit of <30%after at least 4 weeks of treatment, or glucocorticoid dependence (defined as maintenance of an equivalent dose of prednisone greater than 15 mg / d) , or relapse (defined as a return to an effective treatment with an Hb <100 g / L or an erythrocyte hematocrit of <30%) , or otherwise contraindicated or intolerant to glucocorticoid therapy.
[0125] As used herein, the term “intolerance” or “intolerant” to treatment refers to the situation where a patient experiences excessive side effect (s) , etc. from at least one line of therapy, or even all available therapies for wAIHA, leading to an inappropriate benefit / risk ratio. Intolerance may require cessation of therapy for a period of time, or indefinitely.
[0126] As used herein, the term “Hb overall response rate (ORR) ” or “overall Hb response rate” refers to the percentage of patients, n (%) , who experience an Hb level ≥100 g / L with an increase of ≥20 g / L from baseline at least once in the absence of rescue medications during the treatment.
[0127] As used herein, the term “Hb durable response rate (DRR) ” or “durable Hb response rate” refers to the percentage of patients, n (%) , who experience an Hb level ≥ 100 g / L with an increase of ≥20 g / L from baseline on 3 consecutive available assessments with at least 7-day-interval in the absence of rescue medications during the treatment period.
[0128] As used herein, the term “health-related quality of life (HRQoL) ” is generally accepted as a multidimensional assessment of how disease and treatment affect a patient’s sense of overall function and wellbeing. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) officially defines HRQoL as “amulti-domain concept that represents the patient’s general perception of the effect of illness and treatment on physical, psychological, and social aspects of life” .
[0129] As used herein, “SF-36” refers to the widely-used medical outcomes health survey “Short Form-36” , which is used as a tool for monitoring the results of medical care in patients. See Tarlov A. R., et al, JAMA 1989, 262 (7) : 925-30; Linde, L., et al., J Rheumatol, 35 (2008) , pp. 1528-1537.
[0130] The term “concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment” refers to one or more anti-wAIHA treatments administrated concomitantly with primary therapeutic agent (such as sovleplenib or pharmaceutically acceptable salts for the present disclosure) . In some embodiments, the concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment is one selected from corticosteroids (including glucocorticoid) , immunosuppressants (including azathioprine, ciclosporin A, or mycophenolate mofetil) . In some embodiments, the concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment is one rescue treatment.
[0131] As used herein, the term “concomitantly” refers to administration of two or more therapeutic agents, give in close enough temporal proximity where their individual therapeutic effects overlap in time. Accordingly, concurrent administration includes a dosing regimen when the administration of one or more agent (s) continues after discontinuing the administration of one or more other agent (s) . In some embodiments, the concomitantly administration is concurrently, sequentially, and / or simultaneously.
[0132] As used herein, the term “patient” or “subject” refers to a warm-blooded animal. In an embodiment, the patient is human. It may be a human who has been diagnosed and is in the need of treatment for a disease or disorder, as disclosed herein. For the purposes herein, such patient or subject is one who is experiencing, has experienced, or is likely to experience, one or more signs, symptoms or other indicators of wAIHA; or has acute-onset and / or severe wAIHA, or non-acute-onset wAIHA or non-severe wAIHA; or has relapsed wAIHA, or refractory wAIHA; or has acute-onset and / or severe wAIHA, or non-acute-onset wAIHA or non-severe wAIHA with insufficient response to at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment (e.g. first line anti-wAIHA treatment, second line anti-wAIHA treatment, and / or or third line anti-wAIHA treatment) , a new relapse and / or exacerbation.
[0133] As used herein, a subject is “in need of” a treatment if such subject would benefit biologically, medically or in quality of life from such treatment.
[0134] As used herein, the terms “administer” , “administering” , or “administration” refers to providing, giving, dosing and / or prescribing by either a health practitioner or authorized agent and / or putting into, taking or consuming by the patient or person himself or herself.
[0135] An “effective amount” , “therapeutically effective amount” , or “pharmaceutically effective amount” are used interchangeably herein, and encompass an amount of a compound, formulation, material or composition, sufficient to treat or inhibit a symptom, sign or other indicators of the medical condition to be treated. An effective amount for a particular patient may vary depending on factors, such as the condition being treated, the overall health of the patient, the method route and dose of administration and the severity of side effects. An effective amount can be the maximal dose or dosing protocol that avoids significant side effects or toxic effects. The effect will result in an improvement of a diagnostic measure or parameter by at least 5%, such as by at least 10%, further such as at least 20%, further such as at least 30%, further such as at least 40%, further such as at least 50%, further such as at least 60%, further such as at least 70%, further such as at least 80%, and even further such as at least 90%, wherein 100%is defined as the diagnostic parameter shown by a normal subject.
[0136] The term “AUCtau, ss” refers to area under the plasma concentration-time curve at steady state within dosing interval.
[0137] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to those compounds, materials, compositions, and / or dosage forms which are suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio.
[0138] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” can be formed, for example, as acid addition salts, preferably with organic or inorganic acids. Suitable inorganic acids are, for example, halogen acids, such as hydrochloric acid. Suitable organic acids are, e.g., carboxylic acids or sulfonic acids, such as acetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid or methanesulfonic acid, preferably acetic acid, more preferably monoacetic acid. For isolation or purification purposes, it is also possible to use pharmaceutically unacceptable salts, for example picrates or perchlorates. For therapeutic use, only pharmaceutically acceptable salts or free compounds are employed (where applicable in the form of pharmaceutical preparations) , and these are therefore preferred. Any reference to the free compound herein is to be understood as referring also to the corresponding salt, as appropriate and expedient.
[0139] The term “package insert” is used to refer to instructions customarily included in commercial packages of therapeutic products, that contain information about the indications, usage, dosage, administration, combination therapy, contraindications and / or warnings concerning the use of such therapeutic products.
[0140] As used herein, “in combination with” refers to administration of one treatment modality (e.g., a drug therapy) in addition to another treatment modality. As such, this term refers to administration of one treatment modality before, during, or after administration of the other treatment modality to a patient.
[0141] As used herein, “one or more” or “at least one” refers to the presence of at least one instance of the specified element or parameter, for example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or more. Similarly, “two or more” refers to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or more.
[0142] It will be appreciated that reference to an amount of a compound herein (e.g., sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) means the amount of that compound in free base form.
[0143] All numerical ranges herein should be understood as disclosing each and every value within the range and each and every subset of values within the range, regardless of whether they are specifically disclosed otherwise. For example, when referring to any numerical range, it should be regarded as referring to each and every numerical value in the numerical range, for example, each and every integer in the numerical range. The present disclosure includes all values falling within these ranges, all smaller ranges, and the upper or lower limit of the range.
[0144] Sovleplenib (HMPL-523)
[0145] Sovleplenib (also known as HMPL-523) is a highly effective and selective small molecular Syk inhibitor. Sovleplenib namely (S) -7- (4- (1- (methylsulfonyl) piperidin-4-yl) phenyl) -N- (morpholin-2-ylmethyl) pyrido [3, 4-b] pyrazin-5-amine has the following structure:
[0146] In some embodiments, sovleplenib is provided and / or utilized as a salt form (e.g., as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form) . Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are known in the art. See, e.g., S.M. Berge et al., J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66, 1–19.
[0147] In some embodiments, sovleplenib is provided and / or utilized as a salt form, such as acetate, as described in the patent application WO 2019 / 037737 A1, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0148] Methods and Uses
[0149] The present disclosure provides methods of treating warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0150] In some embodiments, the wAIHA is primary wAIHA. In some embodiments, the wAIHA is secondary wAIHA. In some embodiments, the wAIHA is acute-onset and / or severe wAIHA. In some embodiments, the wAIHA is non-acute-onset wAIHA or non-severe wAIHA. In some embodiments, the subject has relapsed or refractory wAIHA. In some embodiments, the subject has relapsed or refractory wAIHA after 8~12 months from diagnosis. In some embodiments, the subject has relapsed or refractory wAIHA after more than one year from diagnosis. In some embodiments, the subject has relapsed or refractory wAIHA after 1 to 3 years from diagnosis. In some embodiments, the subject has relapsed or refractory wAIHA after more than 3 years (e.g. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 years) from diagnosis.
[0151] In some embodiments, the subject has received at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment, optionally at least one prior line (e.g. one prior line, two prior lines, three prior lines, four prior lines, five prior lines, or more prior lines) of anti-wAIHA treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has received at least two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve or more prior anti-wAIHA treatments. In some embodiments, the subject has received at least two, three, four, five, six or more prior anti-wAIHA treatments. In some embodiments, the subject has received at least three, four, five, six or more prior anti-wAIHA treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has received one, two, three, four, five or more prior anti-wAIHA treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has had an insufficient response to or intolerance to or has relapsed after at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment, e.g., the at least one prior line (e.g. one prior line, two prior lines, three prior lines, four prior lines, five prior lines, or more prior lines) of anti-wAIHA treatment.
[0152] In some embodiments, the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises splenectomy, anti-wAIHA drug treatment, or any combination of such treatments. In some embodiments, the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises splenectomy. In some embodiments, the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises an anti-wAIHA drug treatment (e.g. anti-wAIHA standard drug treatment, or anti-wAIHA non-standard drug treatment) . In some embodiments, the prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises one or more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6) treatments with corticosteroids, IV immunoglobulin (IVIG) , rituximab, danazol, immunosuppressants (e.g. cyclosporine A, azathioprine, and / or mycophenolate mofetilb) , mTOR inhibitor (e.g. sirolimus) , bortezomib and cyclophosphamide, Traditional Chinese medicine, blood cell transfusion, erythropoietin α, β, or δ and / or other agents. In some embodiments, the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises a treatment with corticosteroid (e.g. glucocorticoid selected from prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, glucocorticoid and betamethasone) . In some embodiments, the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises a treatment with an anti-CD20 antibody (e.g. rituximab) . In some embodiments, the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises a treatment with an anti-CD20 antibody (e.g. rituximab) and corticosteroid (e.g. at least one of prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, glucocorticoid and betamethasone) . In some embodiments, the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises a treatment with an immunosuppressant (e.g. at least one of cyclosporine A, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetilb) . In some embodiments, the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises a treatment with IVIG.
[0153] In some embodiments, the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises an anti-CD20 antibody and / or corticosteroid. In some embodiments, the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises an anti-CD20 antibody or corticosteroid. In some embodiments, the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises both an anti-CD20 antibody and corticosteroid.
[0154] In some embodiments, the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises at least one treatment of a first-line treatment, for example, comprises one or more medications selected from glucocorticoids, including prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone, and betamethasone. In some embodiments, the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises at least one treatment of a second-line treatment, for example, comprises one or more medications selected from rituximab and splenectomy. In some embodiments, the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises at least one treatment of a third-line treatment, for example, comprises one or more medications selected from cyclosporine A, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetilb. In some embodiments, the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises at least one treatment of a fourth-line or further line treatment.
[0155] In some embodiments, the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment does not comprise a Syk inhibitor including fostamatinib.
[0156] In some embodiments, the subject has an active hemolysis prior to the treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has anaemia ≥ 3 months prior to the treatment. In some embodiments, wherein the subject has an Hb level of less than 70g / L prior to the treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has an Hb level of less than 100g / L prior to the treatment. In some embodiments, wherein the subject has an Hb level of more than 70g / L and less than 100g / L prior to the treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has a positive Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) (IgA / IgG +, with or without C3 +) .
[0157] In some embodiments, the subject has not responded to sovleplenib during the first 12 weeks treatment.
[0158] In some embodiments, the subject is human adult. In some embodiments, the subject is Asian population. In some embodiments, the subject is non-Asian population. In some embodiments, the subject is Western population.
[0159] Efficacy and Safety
[0160] The provided methods herein achieve (relative to prior to treatment) improved hemoglobin level , improved durable Hb response, improved overall Hb response, and improved median change in Hb level from baseline, a fast onset of action or improved time to response (TTR) , improved duration time of stable response, improved accumulation time of response, a reduction in hemolytic markers (e.g. reticulocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) , haptoglobin, total bilirubin (TBIL) ) , a reduction in the use of rescue treatment (including a rescue medication and / or reduction or interruption of baseline concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment) , improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (e.g., in terms of physical functioning, energy / fatigue, role limitations due to physical health, role limitations due to emotional problems, emotional well-being, and / or general health) , a reduction of the incidence of fatigue (including improved on FACIT-F score) , and / or being safe and tolerable over a longer period, e.g., with low risk gastrointestinal toxicity.
[0161] The provided methods herein are advantageous over the prior art, e.g., not only improving the Hb level, but also inducing long-term wAIHA remission, reducing the incidence of fatigue, improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of a patient with wAIHA as defined in the present disclosure, while being safe and tolerable over a longer period.
[0162] In some embodiments, the administration in accord with the provided methods effectively treats the subject despite the subject having become insufficient response to another therapy. In some embodiments, criteria assessed for effective treatment includes overall Hb response rate (ORR) , durable Hb response rate (DRR) , median change in Hb level from baseline, time to response (TTR) , proportion of patients who received rescue treatment, proportion of patients who reduced or interrupted baseline concomitant treatment, incidence of fatigue and / or health-related quality of life (HRQoL) . In some embodiments, ORR of patients treated using the methods described herein is at least about 20% (e.g., at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, or at least 80%) . In some embodiments, DRR of the patients treated using the methods described herein is at least about 10% (e.g., at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least 30%, at least about 35%, at least 40%, at least about 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, or at least 60%) . In some embodiments, at least 30% (e.g., at least 40%at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, or at least 80%) , of patients treated using the methods described herein achieve sustained efficacy (e.g. long-term wAIHA remission) . In some embodiments, on average, patients treated using the methods described herein exhibit a median change in Hb level from baseline of at least 15 g / L (e.g., at least 20 g / L, at least 25 g / L, at least 30 g / L, at least 35 g / L, at least 40 g / L, at least 45 g / L or at least 50 g / L) . In some embodiments, on average, patients treated using the methods described herein exhibit a median time to response of less than about 4 weeks, about 3 weeks, about 2 weeks, about 1 week, about 7 days, about 6 days, about 5 days, about 4 days, about 3 days, about 2 days, about 1 day. In some embodiments, less than about 35% (e.g., less than about 30%, less than about 25%, less than about 20%, less than about 15%, less than about 10%, or less than about 5%) , of the patients treated using the methods described herein receive in the use of rescue treatment. In some embodiments, at least 10%, (e.g., at least 15%, at least 20%at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, or at least 40%) , of the patients treated using the methods described herein achieve a significant reduction or interruption of baseline concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment. In some embodiments, on average, patients treated using the methods described herein achieve improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) , e.g. in terms of fatigue and / or physical functioning. In some embodiments, on average, patients treated using the methods described herein achieve reduced incidence of fatigue (e.g. based on FACIT-F) Scale) .
[0163] In some embodiments, less than about 25% (e.g., less than about 20%, less than about 15%, less than about 10%, or less than about 5%) of patients treated using the methods described herein experience Serious TEAEs.
[0164] In some embodiments, less than about 2% (e.g., less than 1.9%, less than 1.8%, less than 1.7%, less than 1.6%, less than 1.5%, less than 1.4%, less than 1.3%, less than 1.2%, less than 1.1%or less than 1.0%) of patients treated using the methods described herein experience treatment related serious TEAEs.
[0165] In some embodiments, less than about 15% (e.g., less than 14%, less than 13%, less than 12%, less than 11%, less than 10%, less than 9%, less than 8%, less than 7%, less than 6%, less than 5%, less than 4%, less than 3%, less than 2%, or less than 1%) of patients treated using the methods described herein experience hhypertension. In some embodiments, less than about 5% (e.g., less than 4%, less than 3%, less than 2%, or less than 1%, ) of patients treated using the methods described herein experience Grade 3 hypertension.
[0166] In some embodiments, less than about 15% (e.g., less than 14%, less than 13%, less than 12%, less than 11%, less than 10%, less than 9%, less than 8%, less than 7%, less than 6%, less than 5%, less than 4%, less than 3%, less than 2%, or less than 1%) of patients treated using the methods described herein experience hypertension. In some embodiments, less than about 5% (e.g., less than 4%, less than 3%, less than 2%, or less than 1%, ) of patients treated using the methods described herein experience Grade 3 hypertension.
[0167] In some embodiments, less than about 10% (e.g., less than 9%, less than 8%, less than 7%, less than 6%, less than 5%, less than 4%, less than 3%, less than 2%, or less than 1%) of patients treated using the methods described herein experience gastrointestinal related events (e.g., diarrhea, vomiting, nausea) . In some embodiments, less than about 5% (e.g., less than 4%, less than 3%, less than 2%, or less than 1%, ) of patients treated using the methods described herein experience diarrhea. In some embodiments, less than about 5%(e.g., less than 4%, less than 3%, less than 2%, or less than 1%, ) of patients treated using the methods described herein experience vomiting. In some embodiments, less than about 5% (e.g., less than 4%, less than 3%, less than 2%, or less than 1%, ) of patients treated using the methods described herein experience nausea.
[0168] Dosing
[0169] In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0170] It will be appreciated that reference to an amount of an agent herein (e.g., sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) means the amount of the corresponding compound in free base form. Accordingly, if a compound may be provided and / or utilized as, e.g., a salt form of the compound, any reference to an amount of the salt (or other forms) denotes an amount that corresponds to the “free base equivalent” of the salt (or other forms) .
[0171] In some embodiments, therapeutically effective amount of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is a dosage sufficient to achieve an AUCtau, ss to about 600-5000 or about 600-4890 h × ng / mL, e.g., about 600-800, about 1000-1300, about 1900-2200, or about 2900-3200 h × ng / mL, e.g., about 600-700, about 1100-1200, about 2000-2100, or about 3000-3100 h × ng / mL, e.g., about 640-680, about 1135-1175, about 2045-2185, or about 3045-3085 h × ng / mL, e.g., about 650-670, about 1145-1165, about 2055-2175, or about 3055-3075 h × ng / mL (e.g., about 661 h × ng / mL, about 1156 h × ng / mL, about 2067 h × ng / mL, about 3065 h × ng / mL) in a patient. In some embodiments, therapeutically effective amount of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is a dosage sufficient to achieve AUCtau, ss = about 1900-2200, about 2000-2100, about 2045-2185, about 2055-2175, or about 2067 h × ng / mL.
[0172] In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 100 mg to about 800 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof daily. In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 or 800 mg sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof daily. The daily dosage (i.e., total daily dosage) may be administered once per day (QD) , or in divided doses, e.g., twice per day (BID) or three times per day (TID) .
[0173] In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 100 mg to about 800 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, once per day (QD) . In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 100 mg to about 400 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, once per day (QD) . In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 300 mg to about 500 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, once per day (QD) . In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 100 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, once per day (QD) . In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 200 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, once per day (QD) . In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 300 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, once per day (QD) . In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 400 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, once per day (QD) . In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 500 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, once per day (QD) . In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 600 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, once per day (QD) . In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 700 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, once per day (QD) . In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 800 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, once per day (QD) .
[0174] In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 50 mg to about 400 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, twice per day (BID) . In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 50 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, twice per day (BID) . In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 100 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, twice per day (BID) . In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 150 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, twice per day (BID) . In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 200 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, twice per day (BID) . In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 250 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, twice per day (BID) . In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 300 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, twice per day (BID) . In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 350 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, twice per day (BID) . In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof about 400 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, twice per day (BID) .
[0175] In some embodiments, the dosage of sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is reduced during the treatment described herein. In some embodiments, the dosage of sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is reduced by about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, or about 95%. For example, a dose of sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, about 300 mg QD can be reduced sequentially to a dosage, e.g., about 250 mg QD, about 200 mg QD, about 150 mg QD, or 100mg QD; or a dosage of sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, about 500 mg QD can be reduced sequentially to a dosage, e.g., about 400 mg QD, about 300 mg QD, about 200 mg QD, or 100mg QD.
[0176] In some embodiments, provided methods of treating warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) in a subject in need thereof comprises administering to the subject sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a daily dosage of about 300~500 mg (e.g. about 300mg, about 400mg, about 500mg) , or at a dosage sufficient to achieve an AUCtau, ss value of about 2055-2175 h × ng / mL (e.g. 2067 h × ng / mL) , wherein the subject is non-Asian population, (e.g., Western population, American population, European population, Caucasian population, Oceanian population (Australoid) , and / or African population) and wherein the subject response to and / or tolerant to the treatment, e.g. the subject has durable response (including an improved durable response rate (DRR) ) , improved overall response (including improved overall response rate (ORR) ) , stable response, improved hemoglobin (Hb) level (e.g., improved median Hb level, and / or improved change in Hb level from baseline) , a reduction in red blood cell destruction and / or hemolysis (e.g., a reduction in hemolytic markers, e.g., reticulocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) , haptoglobin, and / or total bilirubin (TBIL) ) , improved duration time of stable response, improved response accumulation time, a fast onset of action or improved time to response (TTR) , long-term wAIHA remission, improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (e.g., in terms of physical functioning, energy / fatigue, role limitations due to physical health, role limitations due to emotional problems, emotional well-being, and / or general health, e.g., as shown by Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) Scale and / or SF-36 Scale) , a reduction of incidence of fatigue, a reduction in the use of rescue treatment (e.g., a rescue medication) and / or reduction or interruption of baseline concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment, and / or is safe and tolerable over time, optionally with low risk gastrointestinal toxicity, after treatment with sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0177] In some embodiments, sovleplenib is administered orally. In some embodiments, sovleplenib is administered with or without food.
[0178] Concomitant Treatment
[0179] In some embodiments, the subject has been optionally receiving a concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment. In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and in combination with a concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment (e.g. concomitant medication, or rescue treatment) .
[0180] In some embodiments, the concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment is no more than one concomitant medication selected from corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants. In some embodiments, the corticosteroid is glucocorticoid. In some embodiments, the immunosuppressant is azathioprine, ciclosporin A, and / or mycophenolate mofetil. In some embodiments, the concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment is one rescue treatment (e.g., red blood cell transfusion, intravenous gamma globulin, erythropoietin α, β, or δ (10,000 U / week) , high-dose glucocorticoid pulse) .
[0181] In some embodiments, the concomitant medication has been administered at a stable dose (e.g., dose of glucocorticoid is equivalent to prednisone ≤ 15 mg / day for at least 14 days, or azathioprine, cyclosporine A, or mycophenolate mofetilb is administered at a stable dose for at least 28 days) prior to the treatment provided herein. In some embodiments, the dose of the concomitant medication is reduced by at least about 10%, by at least about 20%, by about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, or about 95%during the treatment provided herein. In some embodiments, the concomitant medication is discontinued during the treatment provided herein.
[0182] Unit Dosage Forms
[0183] In some embodiments, provided therapies are administered as one or more unit dosage forms. As used herein, a “unit dosage form” refers to a physically discrete unit of an active agent (e.g., a therapeutic agent) for administration to a patient. Typically, each such unit contains a predetermined quantity of active agent. It will be appreciated that the total amount of a therapeutic composition or agent administered to a patient may involve administration of multiple unit dosage forms.
[0184] In some embodiments, sovleplenib is administered to a patient in a unit dosage form. In some embodiments, a unit dosage form is a capsule or tablet. In some embodiments, a unit dosage form comprises about 100 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, a unit dosage form comprises about 150 mg sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0185] Pharmaceutically Acceptable Compositions
[0186] In some embodiments, provided methods comprise administering one or more compositions comprising sovleplenib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle. In some embodiments, provided compositions are formulated for oral administration.
[0187] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle” refers to a non-toxic carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle that does not destroy the pharmacological activity of the compound with which it is formulated. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants or vehicles that may be used in the compositions of this disclosure include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, polyethylene glycol and wool fat.
[0188] Compositions may be administered orally, parenterally, by inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally or via an implanted reservoir. The term "parenteral" as used herein includes subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-articular, intra-synovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intrahepatic, intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion techniques. Preferably, the compositions are administered orally.
[0189] Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions for use in provided methods may be orally administered in any orally acceptable dosage form including, but not limited to, capsules, tablets, aqueous suspensions or solutions. In the case of tablets for oral use, carriers commonly used include lactose and corn starch. Lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added. For oral administration in a capsule form, useful diluents include lactose and dried cornstarch. When aqueous suspensions are required for oral use, the active ingredient is combined with emulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening, flavoring or coloring agents may also be added.
[0190] Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include, but are not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs.
[0191] Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules. In such solid dosage forms, the active compound is mixed with at least one inert, pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate and / or a) fillers or extenders such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid, b) binders such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidinone, sucrose, and acacia, c) humectants such as glycerol, d) disintegrating agents such as agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates, and sodium carbonate, e) solution retarding agents such as paraffin, f) absorption accelerators such as quaternary ammonium compounds, g) wetting agents such as, for example, cetyl alcohol and glycerol monostearate, h) absorbents such as kaolin and bentonite clay, and i) lubricants such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage form may also comprise buffering agents.
[0192] Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like. The solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the active ingredient (s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions that can be used include polymeric substances and waxes.
[0193] The compound can also be in micro-encapsulated form with one or more excipients as noted above.
[0194] The descriptions of the various embodiments have been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.
[0195] All patents, patent applications, publications, and other references cited or referred to herein are in their entirety incorporated herein by reference to the extent allowed by law. The discussion of those references is intended merely to summarize the assertions made therein. No admission is made that any such patents, patent applications, publications or references, or any portion thereof, are relevant material or prior art. The right to challenge the accuracy and pertinence of any assertion of such patents, patent applications, publications, and other references as relevant material or prior art is specifically reserved.
[0196] EXEMPLIFICATION
[0197] Example 1 A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II / III study to evaluate the efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of HMPL-523 in the treatment of Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
[0198] Overall Study Design
[0199] Seamless Phase II / Phase III design is used in this study. The target population is adult patients with primary or secondary wAIHA who failed to at least prior corticosteroid treatment with an Hemoglobin (Hb) level < 100 g / L, a positive Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) (IgA / IgG +, with or without C3 +) and active hemolysis at enrollment. A Safety Review Committee (SRC) consisting of the principal investigator and the sponsor will be established in the study. If the results of Phase II study indicate sufficiently satisfactory efficacy and safety, the Phase III study will be initiated directly.
[0200] The Phase II study is designed as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Study treatment consists of two periods: an 8-week randomized, double-blind treatment period and an open-label treatment period of at least 16 weeks.
[0201] HMPL-523 administered at 300 mg QD will be explored first. Patients (approximately 20 patients) who meet the inclusion criteria but do not meet any of the exclusion criteria will be randomized in a 3: 1 ratio to receive HMPL-523 300 mg (QD, p. o. ) or placebo for 8 weeks, and then receive an open-label treatment with HMPL-523 at the same dose level as in the double-blind period until 24 weeks after randomization of the last patient. If the efficacy of HMPL-523 administered at 300 mg QD is not satisfactory but the safety and tolerability profile is acceptable, approximately additional 20 patients may be enrolled to explore HMPL-523 administered at 400 mg QD after discussion by the SRC.
[0202] Patient should come to the study site for weekly visits in the first 4 weeks of the randomized double-blind treatment period and the open-label treatment period, and within 4 weeks after the end of study treatment; other visits will be performed every 2 weeks.
[0203] In Phase II study, when the last patient in each dose group completes 8 weeks of double-blind treatment, unblinding for statistical analysis will occur and the interim analysis of Phase II study will be performed to provide a periodic summary of the safety and efficacy in this cohort. The SRC will decide whether to explore HMPL-523 administered at 200mg and / or 400 mg QD and when to initiate Phase III study based on the interim analysis data of Phase II study. HMPL-523 will be considered ineffective in treating wAIHA if the overall response rate in two dose groups of patients treated with HMPL-523 in the Phase II study is ≤ 20%.
[0204] In fact, the SRC reviewed and discussed the results of the interim analyses of efficacy, safety, and PK in the 300 mg dose group of the Phase II study on 16 August 2023, and concluded that the exposure to HMPL-523 300 mg QD was sufficient for target inhibition in patients with wAIHA, achieved the expected efficacy, and had a favourable safety profile, and to use 300mg QD as the recommended therapeutic dose for the Phase III study, and to initiate the Phase III study.
[0205] The Phase III study is designed as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The study treatment consists of Parts A and B.
[0206] Part A is a 24-week randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, confirmatory Phase III study. Eligible patients (approximately 90 patients) will be randomly assigned (1: 1) to receive either HMPL-523 or placebo 300 mg (QD, p. o. ) for 24 weeks using the central stratified randomization based on baseline Hb values (≥ 70 g / L vs. < 70 g / L) and previous rituximab treatment and the presence of concomitant anti-wAIHA therapy at baseline, and then perform 4 weeks safety visit.
[0207] Study overall unblinding: when all patients in Part A complete the treatment and follow-up in this period and data cleaning is done, unblinding will occur in all patients and the primary analysis of the Phase III study will be performed.
[0208] Part B is the exploratory part of the study, which is designed to further assess the safety, tolerability and long-term efficacy of long-term treatment with HMPL-523. In order to give patients receiving placebo the opportunity to receive positive drug therapy and to further assess the safety and tolerability of long-term treatment with HMPL-523, patients with Hb <100 g / L or an Hb increase <20 g / L from baseline at all visits at 20 weeks of treatment in Part A, or patients who complete 24 weeks of treatment in Part A of the study with a 4-week safety visit and are assessed by the investigator as benefiting from the treatment may enter Part B to receive an open-label treatment with HMPL-523 at the same dose level as the end of the Part A study. Patients who complete the open-label treatment in phase 2 study with a 4-week safety visit and are assessed by the investigator as benefiting from the treatment may enter Part B to receive an open-label treatment with HMPL-523 at the same dose level as the end of the phase 2 study. Part A patients remained blinded at the time of entry into Part B until the end of the Part A study, when patients were unblinded as a whole.
[0209] Patients should come to the study site for weekly visits in the first 4 weeks of the double-blinded treatment period (Part A) , and the open-label treatment period (Part B) of Phase III study and the 4 weeks after the end of study; and other visits will be performed every 2 weeks in Part A and every 4 weeks in Part B.
[0210] The following requirements are applicable to the whole Phase II / III study:
[0211] PK blood sampling: PK blood samples will be collected during the double-blind treatment period of the Phase II study and Phase III study, respectively.
[0212] Rescue treatment (s) : rescue treatments allowed during the study include red blood cell transfusions, IVIg, erythropoietin α, β, or δ (10,000 U / week) , and upward adjustments dose of baseline concomitant glucocorticoids (up to a total of 20mg QD prednisone equivalent) . However, Hb level of patients who receive rescue treatment within 28 days will not be included in the efficacy evaluation (counted from the time of last treatment for rescue treatment or the time of dose rollback to baseline for combination anti-wAIHA treatment) . Glucocorticoid dose up-titration for concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment at baseline is also considered rescue treatment; dose up-titration for other concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment medications at baseline is not allowed.
[0213] Study Objectives and Endpoints
[0214] 1. Primary Objectives and Endpoints
[0215] Primary Objectives:
[0216] ● Phase II study: to evaluate the preliminary efficacy of HMPL-523 in adult patients with wAIHA
[0217] ● Phase III study: to confirm the efficacy of HMPL-523 in adult patients with wAIHA Primary Endpoints:
[0218] ● Endpoint (Phase II study) : the proportion of patients with overall Hb response by Week 24 (overall Hb response rate (ORR) is defined as an Hb level ≥100 g / L with an increase of ≥20 g / L from baseline at least once in the absence of rescue medications) .
[0219] ● Endpoint (Phase III study) : the proportion of patients who have a stable Hb response and achieve a durable response during weeks 5-24 double-blind treatment period (the durable Hb response rate (DRR) is defined as an Hb level ≥ 100 g / L with an increase of ≥20 g / L from baseline on 3 consecutive available assessments with at least 7-day-interval in the absence of rescue medications) .
[0220] 2. Secondary Objectives and Endpoints
[0221] Secondary Objective 1:
[0222] ● To evaluate the efficacy of HMPL-523 compared with placebo during the 8-week double-blind treatment period and within 24 weeks;
[0223] Endpoints of secondary objective 1:
[0224] Phase II study:
[0225] ● the proportion of patients with overall Hb response by Week 8 (defined as an Hb level ≥ 100 g / L with an increase of ≥20 g / L from baseline with at least once in the absence of rescue medications) .
[0226] ● the proportion of patients who have a stable Hb response and achieve a durable response by Week 24 (defined as an Hb level ≥ 100 g / L with an increase of ≥20 g / L from baseline on 3 consecutive available assessments with at least 7-day-interval in the absence of rescue medications) .
[0227] ● The median change of Hb from baseline to Week 8 and Week 24
[0228] ● Effects on hemolytic markers [reticulocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) , haptoglobin, total bilirubin (TBIL) ] by Week 8 and Week 24
[0229] ● the proportion of patients receiving rescue treatments by Week8 and Week 24;
[0230] ● the proportion of patients with a reduction dose of glucorticosteroid or baseline concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment by Week 8 and Week 24;
[0231] ● Time to response;
[0232] ● Effects of 8 and 24 weeks of treatment on fatigue will be evaluated using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) Scale;
[0233] ● Effects on patients’ quality of life by Week 8 and Week 24 of treatment will be evaluated using the SF-36.
[0234] Phase III study Part A
[0235] ● Overall Hb response rate (ORR) : the proportion of patients with overall Hb response during the 20-week and 24-week double-blind treatment period (defined as an Hb level ≥ 100 g / L with an increase of ≥20 g / L from baseline with at least once in the absence of rescue medications) .
[0236] ● The median change of Hb from baseline to during the 20-week and 24-week double-blind treatment period;
[0237] ● Effects on hemolytic markers [reticulocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) , haptoglobin, total bilirubin (TBIL) ] during the 20-week and 24-week double-blind treatment period;
[0238] ● the proportion of patients receiving rescue treatment pre-defined in protocol during the 20-week and 24-week double-blind treatment period;
[0239] ● the proportion of patients with a reduction dose of glucocorticoid or baseline concomitant anti-wAHIA treatment during the 20-week and 24-week double-blind treatment period;
[0240] ● Time to response;
[0241] ● Duration Time of stable response;
[0242] ● Response Accumulation Time
[0243] ● Effects on patients’ fatigue during the 20-week and 24-week treatment will be evaluated using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) Scale;
[0244] ● Effects on patients’ quality of life during 20-week and 24-week treatment will be evaluated using the SF-36.
[0245] Secondary Objective 2:
[0246] ● The safety and tolerability of HMPL-523
[0247] Endpoints of secondary objective 2:
[0248] Phase II study: Primary safety evaluation variables include:
[0249] ○ Adverse events (AEs) / serious adverse events (SAEs)
[0250] ○ Vital signs, physical examination
[0251] ○ Laboratory tests
[0252] ○ 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)
[0253] Phase III study: Primary safety evaluation variables include:
[0254] ○ Adverse events (AEs) / serious adverse events (SAEs) at 20 weeks and 24 weeks of double-blind treatment;
[0255] ○ Vital signs, physical examination at 20 weeks and 24 weeks of double-blind treatment;
[0256] ○ Laboratory tests at 20 weeks and 24 weeks of double-blind treatment;
[0257] ○ 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) at 20 weeks and 24 weeks of double-blind treatment.
[0258] Secondary Objective 3:
[0259] ● To evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of HMPL-523 in Chinese adult patients with wAIHA. Endpoints of secondary objective 3:
[0260] ● Phase II study: maximum plasma concentration at steady state (Cmax, ss) , minimum plasma concentration at steady state (Ctrough, ss) , time to maximum plasma concentration at steady state (Tmax, ss) , elimination half-life (t1 / 2) , area under the plasma concentration versus time curve over the dosing interval at steady state (AUCtau, ss) , apparent clearance at steady state (CLss / F) , apparent volume of distribution (Vz / F) and mean residence time at steady state (MRTss) of HMPL-523 and its major metabolites in plasma.
[0261] ● Phase III study: plasma concentration at 2 and 4 hours after dosing at steady state [plasma concentration at 2 hours after dosing at steady state (C2h, ss) , plasma concentration at 4 hours after dosing at steady state (C4h, ss) ] and Ctrough, ss of HMPL-523 and its major metabolites in plasma.
[0262] 3. Exploratory Objectives and Endpoints
[0263] Exploratory Objectives:
[0264] ● The safety of long-term treatment with HMPL-523
[0265] ● The efficacy of HMPL-523 in Part B of the Phase III Study
[0266] ● Pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic (PK / PD) relationship between drug exposure and Hb response Exploratory Endpoints:
[0267] ● AEs, clinical laboratory tests, vital signs, physical examination, and 12-lead ECG
[0268] ● overall Hb response rate and durable Hb response rate
[0269] ● The proportion of patients who achieve a durable response during Part B of the Phase III study and have an Hb response at Week 50
[0270] ● The relationship between Ctrough, ss, etc., and efficacy variables
[0271] Study Evaluation
[0272] Safety assessment: all enrolled patients will be closely monitored for safety from the time when the informed consent form (ICF) is obtained until 28 days after the last dose, or withdrawal of informed consent and refusal of subsequent safety visits (whichever occurs first) . All SAEs will be collected from the signing of ICF until the first dose; all AEs / SAEs will be collected from the first dose until 28 days after the last dose; after 28 days of the last dose or when study treatment is ended and another anti-wAIHA therapy is initiated (whichever occurs first) , only SAEs with a reasonable possibility of relationship to the study drug will be reported by the investigator. Deaths that occur within 28 days of the last dose or before the start of new anti-wAIHA therapy (whichever occurs first) will be reported as SAEs; deaths that occur 28 days after the last dose or after the start of new anti-wAIHA therapy (whichever occurs first) will be reported as SAEs if they are judged by the investigator to be related to the study drug. AEs will be graded according to National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) , version 5.0.
[0273] Efficacy assessment: patients will not be included in the efficacy evaluation within 14 days of red blood cell transfusions and within 28 days of other rescue treatments. Overall response, durable response, and time to response will be assessed based on the Hb values of patients; effects on hemolytic markers will be assessed based on reticulocyte count, LDH, haptoglobin and TBIL; effects on fatigue will be evaluated using FACIT-F scale; and the proportion of patients receiving rescue treatments during the treatment will be assessed.
[0274] Pharmacokinetics assessment: plasma concentrations of HMPL-523 and its metabolites in the plasma samples will be detected at the central laboratory, and the collection, storage and shipment of blood samples will be described in detail in the Laboratory Manual. The bioanalytical method and experimental process will be described in detail in the Biological Sample Analysis Report. The primary assessment will be the PK profile at steady-state of HMPL-523 and its metabolites in patients with wAIHA.
[0275] Study population
[0276] Adult patients with primary or secondary wAIHA who have failed ≥1 prior standard of care with a positive DAT (IgA / IgG + with or without C3) and Hb <100 g / L.
[0277] Inclusion Criteria
[0278] Enrolled patients in Phase II and Phase III Study Part A must meet all of the following criteria:
[0279] 1. Voluntarily signed the informed consent form (ICF) ;
[0280] 2. Males or females aged 18 to 75 years;
[0281] 3. Performance status score [Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) score] ≤ 2;
[0282] 4. Body mass index (BMI) > 17.5 but < 40 kg / m2;
[0283] 5. Patients diagnosed with primary wAIHA or secondary wAIHA (Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus excluded) whose underlying diseases are stable ;
[0284] 6. Patients who have insufficient response to prior glucocorticoid treatment, including no response (defined as failure to achieve a stable Hb level of 100 g / L or an erythrocyte hematocrit of <30%after at least 4 weeks of treatment at previously recommended doses) , or glucocorticoid dependence (defined as maintenance of an equivalent dose of prednisone greater than 15 mg / d) , or relapse (defined as Hb level of <100 g / L or an erythrocyte hematocrit of <30%again after a post-effective treatment) , or who have other contraindications or are intolerant of glucocorticoid treatment;
[0285] 7. Patients must have a history of response to previous wAIHA treatment;
[0286] 8. Patients must have a history of anaemia ≥ 3 months;
[0287] 9. Patients whose Hb level < 100 g / L;
[0288] 10. Patients with a positive DAT (IgA / IgG +, with or without C3 +) confirmed by the central laboratory;
[0289] 11. Patients who is in an active hemolysis, i.e. meets the criteria of a percentage of reticulocytes > 4%or an absolute value of > 120 x 109 / L or hemoglobin < the lower limit of normal (LLN) ; or a total bilirubin > the upper limit of normal values (ULN) ; or an LDH > ULN;
[0290] 12. Patients who receive a concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment [only glucocorticoids (equivalent dose of ≤ 15 mg prednisolone) , and immunosuppressants (only azathioprine, cyclosporine, or Mycophenolate mofetilb) are included] , are allowed in this study, and the concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment should be on a stable dose for at least 28 days prior to randomization and keep the dose unchanged during the study;
[0291] 13. In addition to the permitted concomitant anti-wAIHA therapies listed in Inclusion Criterion 12, other anti-AIHA drugs are not acceptable unless the ones meet the following criteria for the time of drug discontinuation prior to randomization:
[0292] - IVIg or red blood cell transfusions should be discontinued 7 days prior to randomization
[0293] - Glucocorticoids should be discontinued 14 days prior to randomization
[0294] - Rituximab should be discontinued 12 weeks prior to randomization
[0295] - Immunosuppressant should be discontinued 4 weeks prior to randomization
[0296] - Alkylating agents should be discontinued 8 weeks prior to randomization
[0297] 14. Patients whose laboratory tests meet the following conditions (no treatment for the abnormal variable is given within 1 week prior to blood collection, or no long-acting G-CSF treatment within 2 weeks) :
[0298] a. Neutrophil count > 1.5 × 109 / L, platelet ≥ 30 × 109 / L
[0299] b. Both ALT and AST ≤ 1.5 × ULN;
[0300] c. Serum creatinine concentration ≤ 1.5 × ULN and creatinine clearance ≥ 50 mL / min;
[0301] d. Serum amylase and lipase ≤ 1.5 × ULN;
[0302] e. Both international normalized ratio (INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) are within 20%of the normal range.
[0303] 15. Male or female patients of childbearing potential must agree to use effective contraceptive methods during the study and within 30 days after the last dose of study drug. This condition is inapplicable to postmenopausal women (> 50 years of age with menolipsis for more than 1 year) and women who were surgically sterilized.
[0304] Enrolled patients in Phase III Study Part B must meet all of the following criteria:
[0305] 1. Voluntarily signed the informed consent form (ICF) ;
[0306] 2. Males or females aged 18 to 75 years;
[0307] 3. No increase in drug type, dose or frequency of combined anti-wAIHA treatment compared with the previous part of the study;
[0308] 4. Patients whose Hb level < 100 g / L , or Hb increase <20 g / L from baseline at all visits at 20 weeks of Part A treatment (except for increases in Hb due to rescue treatment) or who have completed 24 weeks of study treatment and safety visits in Phase II or Phase III and are assessed by the investigator to continue to benefit from treatment with sovleplenib;
[0309] 5. The W20 visit date of part A study and the first dose date of part B study expected to be ≤ 7 days apart (only for patients who entered Part B without any response at 20 weeks of Part A treatment) ;
[0310] 6. Patients whose laboratory tests meet the following conditions (no treatment for the abnormal variable is given within 1 week prior to blood collection, or no long-acting G-CSF treatment within 2 weeks) :
[0311] a. Neutrophil count > 1.5 × 109 / L, platelet ≥ 30 × 109 / L
[0312] b. Both ALT and AST ≤ 1.5 × ULN;
[0313] c. Serum creatinine concentration ≤ 1.5 × ULN and creatinine clearance ≥ 50 mL / min;
[0314] d. Serum amylase and lipase ≤ 1.5 × ULN;
[0315] e. Both international normalized ratio (INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) are within 20%of the normal range.
[0316] 7. Male or female patients of childbearing potential must agree to use effective contraceptive methods during the study and within 30 days after the last dose of study drug. This condition is inapplicable to postmenopausal women (> 50 years of age with menolipsis for more than 1 year) and women who were surgically sterilized.
[0317] Exclusion Criteria
[0318] Patients in Phase II and Phase III Study Part A meeting any of the following criteria must be excluded from the study:
[0319] 1. Patients with other types of AIHA other than wAIHA;
[0320] 2. Patients with secondary wAIHA was demonstrated outside of inclusion criteria 5;
[0321] 3. Hb < 100 g / L due to nutritional factors;
[0322] 4. Patients with infections requiring systemic treatment;
[0323] 5. Patients with previous history of malignant tumors (excluding cured basal cell carcinoma of the skin or cervical carcinoma in situ, and lymphoproliferative disorders in a stable state) ;
[0324] 6. Patients with history of vital organ transplant or hematopoietic stem cell / bone marrow transplant;
[0325] 7. Patients who received vaccination within 8 weeks prior to randomization or are scheduled to receive vaccination during the study;
[0326] 8. Patients who underwent splenectomy within 12 weeks prior to randomization;
[0327] 9. Patients who underwent major surgery within 4 weeks prior to the randomization or who will require elective major surgery during the study;
[0328] 10. Patients with clinically symptomatic gastrointestinal (GI) tract bleed (e.g., haematemesis, tarry stools; but a positive hemoccult without any sign or symptom of GI tract bleed will not be considered to be “clinically symptomatic” ) within 6 months prior to screening visit, but patients with haemorrhoidal haemorrhage not included;
[0329] 11. Patients with history of significant arterial / venous thromboembolic disease;
[0330] 12. Patients with intracranial haemorrhage within 6 months prior to screening visit;
[0331] 13. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, defined as HbA1c >8% (>64 mmol / mol) or fasting glucose >300 mg / dL (16.7 mmol / L) ;
[0332] 14. Patients with a history of significant cardiovascular disorders, such as Class III / IV congestive heart failure (CHF) , arrhythmia or angina pectoris requiring drug treatment, unstable angina pectoris, or receiving coronary artery stent implantation, angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting, or with corrected Q-T interval (QTc) ≥ 450 ms;
[0333] 15. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension despite medication treatment (systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg) ;
[0334] 16. Patients with previous serious GI disease (such as dysphagia, active gastric ulcer, etc. ) , inability to take drugs orally or malabsorption of oral drugs;
[0335] 17. Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ;
[0336] 18. Patients with uncontrolled or active hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection: patients with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) ; patients with positive hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA) , or patients with positive hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid (HCV RNA) ; or patients with liver cirrhosis;
[0337] 19. Patients who received traditional Chinese medicine within 1 week prior to randomization;
[0338] 20. Patients who received strong CYP3A inhibitors or inducers (three weeks for St John’s Wort) within 2 weeks or 5 half-lives prior to randomization (whichever is longer) ;
[0339] 21. Patients who participated in clinical studies for drugs or invasive medical devices 4 weeks prior to randomization (or within 5 half-lives of the study drug prior to randomization, whichever is longer) ;
[0340] 22. Patients previously treated with Syk inhibitors (e.g., fostamatinib) ;
[0341] 23. Patients with known allergy to the active ingredients or excipients of the study drug;
[0342] 24. Patients with serious psychological or mental disorder;
[0343] 25. Alcoholic or drug abuser;
[0344] 26. Female patients who are pregnant and lactating;
[0345] 27. Patients who, in the opinion of the investigator, are not suitable for this study.
[0346] Patients in Phase III Study Part B meeting any of the following criteria must be excluded from the study:
[0347] 1. Patients who received <20 weeks of treatment in Part A study for reasons other than lack of efficacy (only for patients who entered Part B without any response after 20 weeks of treatment in Part A) ;
[0348] 2. Patients who are stable and still have the potential to meet the standard (only for patients entering Part B at week 20 of Part A) ;
[0349] 3. Patients with infections requiring systemic treatment;
[0350] 4. Patients who are scheduled to receive vaccination during the study;
[0351] 5. Patients who underwent major surgery within 4 weeks prior to the randomization or who will require elective major surgery during the study;
[0352] 6. Patients with history of significant arterial / venous thromboembolic disease;
[0353] 7. Patients with a history of intracranial haemorrhage;
[0354] 8. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, defined as HbA1c >8% (>64 mmol / mol) or fasting glucose >300 mg / dL (16.7 mmol / L) ;
[0355] 9. Q-T interval (QTc) ≥ 450 ms;
[0356] 10. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension despite medication treatment (systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg) ;
[0357] 11. Patients who received strong CYP3A inhibitors or inducers (three weeks for St John’s Wort) within 2 weeks or 5 half-lives prior to randomization (whichever is longer) ;
[0358] 12. Patients with known allergy to the active ingredients or excipients of the study drug;
[0359] 13. Patients with serious psychological or mental disorder;
[0360] 14. Alcoholic or drug abuser;
[0361] 15. Female patients who are pregnant and lactating;
[0362] 16. Patients who, in the opinion of the investigator, are not suitable for this study.
[0363] Study treatment
[0364] Investigational Products
[0365] HMPL-523 or placebo is supplied as a yellowish tablet at 100 mg; packaged in white high-density polyethylene bottles of 30 tablets, and stored under airtight condition below 25℃, protected from light and moisture.
[0366] Study Treatment Regimen
[0367] Administration Method
[0368] Patients must take the drugs at the study site on each visit day.
[0369] HMPL-523 tablet or HMPL-523 dummy tablet (placebo) should be taken with approximately 250 mL warm water within 30 minutes after a meal.
[0370] During the study, every effort should be made to guarantee that the patients receive the investigational products according to the study protocol. It is suggested that the patient should take the drug at a fixed time every day; if the dose of investigational product is missed for any reason for more than 12 hours, it cannot be supplemented, and the fixed dose should be administered at the next scheduled time. In case of vomiting after administration, it is not advised to supplement the dose, unless intact tablets can be found. Missed dose or vomiting after administration must be recorded.
[0371] Phase II study treatment will be divided into 2 periods: a double-blind treatment period and an open-label treatment period
[0372] Double-blind treatment period: HMPL-523 or placebo (strength: 100 mg / tablet) :
[0373] ● 300 mg dose group: 300 mg QD for 8 weeks.
[0374] ● Others: the SRC may decide whether to explore 400 mg QD based on data from the 300 mg dose group.
[0375] Open-label treatment period: patients (including those receiving placebo in the double-blind period) will receive open-label treatment with HMPL-523 at the same dose as that used in the double-blind treatment period until 24 weeks after randomization of the last patient.
[0376] Phase III study treatment consists of Part A (double-blind treatment period) and Part B (open-label treatment period)
[0377] Part A: double-blind treatment period: HMPL-523 or placebo (strength: 100 mg / tablet) :
[0378] ● 300 mg QD for 24 weeks (tentative, to be determined based on Phase II study data) .
[0379] Part B: open-label treatment period
[0380] Patients (including those with Hb <100 g / L or Hb increase <20 g / L and those who completed the 24-week study treatment and safety visit in Part A and were assessed by the investigator to continue to benefit and those who completed the Phase II open-label study and were assessed by the investigator to continue to benefit at the safety visit) received open-label treatment with sovleplenib at the same dose as that used at the end of previous treatment until 24 weeks after the last patient entered Part B. Furthermore, Part A patients remained blinded at the time of entry into Part B until the end of the Part A study, when patients were unblinded as a whole.
[0381] Randomization
[0382] In this study, patients will be randomized by central randomization [patients in the Phase III study will be randomized according to stratified randomization factors, i.e. baseline Hb value (≥ 70 g / L vs. < 70 g / L) and previous treatment with rituximab, concomitant anti-wAIHA treament at baseline] . Patients who meet all screening criteria will be randomized. Patients in the Phase II study will be randomized in a 3: 1 ratio and those in the Phase III study will be randomized in a 1: 1 ratio. The investigator or a qualified delegate will log in to the Randomization and trial supply management (RTSM) using the password, assign a unique randomization code to each patient who meets all inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria, and randomize the patients to receive HMPL-523 or placebo in a blinded manner using the randomization ratio specified in the protocol. The number of the investigational products to be received by the patient will also be obtained via the RTSM. An independent statistician in charge of randomization will generate a table for patient randomization (patients'random codes) by block randomization.
[0383] Study treatment will start on the day after randomization.
[0384] Dose Modification of Study Treatment
[0385] Recommendations on dose modification of investigational products due to AEs:
[0386] The study treatment may be interrupted in patients who experience the following drug-related AEs [graded according to National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0] . If the AE is recovered to baseline or Grade ≤ 1 within 14 days after drug interruption, the dose can be resumed at a lower dose level, otherwise, the drug will be discontinued permanently. The following principles of dose reduction are for reference: it is recommended that the dose should be reduced to200 mg and then 100 mg; and the drug can be given in two divided doses if the total daily dose remains unchanged. If dose reduction occurs due to TRAEs, resumption of the investigational products at the initial level can be considered upon evaluation by the investigator after the event is recovered.
[0387] ● Grade ≥ 3 pulmonary infection
[0388] ● Interstitial lung disease with symptoms
[0389] ● Pancreatitis requiring treatment intervention
[0390] ● Abnormal renal function requiring treatment intervention
[0391] ● Other important AEs judged by the investigator
[0392] Previous / Concomitant Medications / Therapies
[0393] Concomitant Anti-wAIHA Treatment
[0394] A maximum of one concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment [only glucocorticoids (≤ 15 mg prednisone equivalent) , immunosuppressants (only azathioprine, cyclosporine, or Mycophenolate mofetilb) are included] is allowed during the study, but the dose must be stable for at least 28 days prior to randomization (the dose of glucocorticoids must be stable for at least 14 days) . Glucocorticoid dose up-titration for concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment at baseline (up to a total of 20mg QD prednisone equivalent) will also be considered as rescue treatment permitted by the protocol. Dose up-titration for other concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment medications at baseline is not allowed, otherwise they will be considered to have received rescue treatment that is not permitted by the protocol. Dose reduction or discontinuation of the baseline combined anti-wAIHA medication may be considered after Hb has met the criteria for sustained response; reduction of the baseline combined medication during the study period back to baseline levels will not be considered rescue treatment. Rescue Treatment
[0395] Rescue treatments allowed during the study include red blood cell transfusions, IVIg, erythropoietin α, β, or δ (10,000 U / week) , and upward adjustments dose of baseline concomitant glucocorticoids (up to a total of 20mg QD prednisone equivalent) . Glucocorticoid dose up-titration for concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment at baseline is also considered rescue treatment; dose up-titration for other concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment medications at baseline is not allowed. All treatments increasing Hb other than the rescue treatment permitted by the protocol during the study will not be considered rescue treatment permitted by the protocol. At any time during the study, patients can receive rescue treatment if considered by the investigator to be necessary. However, patients who receive rescue treatment within 28 days will not be included in the efficacy evaluation (counted from the time of last treatment for rescue treatment or the time of dose rollback to baseline for combination anti-wAIHA treatment) .
[0396] Statistical Analysis and Sample Size Calculation
[0397] Determination of Sample Size
[0398] The sample size (20 patients in each dose group) for each dose group in the Phase II study is determined primarily base on feasibility.
[0399] The initial sample size in the Phase III study is calculated based on the following assumptions:
[0400] ● The primary endpoint of durable response rate in the HMPL-523 treatment group is 40%;
[0401] ● The primary endpoint of durable response rate in the placebo group is 10%;
[0402] ● Overall significance level for the two-sided test is 0.05;
[0403] ● Power is 90%;
[0404] ● Dropout rate is 11%;
[0405] ● The randomization ratio is 1: 1 (treatment group versus control group) ;
[0406] Based on the above assumptions, 90 patients are expected to be enrolled in this study and randomized into HMPL-523 group (45 patients) and placebo group (45 patients) in a 1: 1 ratio. The sample size was calculated using PASS 11 software and Mantel-Haenszel test.
[0407] The assumption of sample size calculation and the sample size for Phase III study may be adjusted based on the data from Phase II study. If the dropout rate (the proportion of patients who discontinue study treatment by Week 24) is much higher than the estimated rate 11%, the sample size may also be increased due to the high dropout rate.
[0408] Statistical Analysis Set
[0409] Intent-to-Treat (ITT) Set includes all randomized patients who will be analyzed by randomized group. This set will be used for the primary analysis of all efficacy variables as well as the analysis of patient disposition and baseline characteristics.
[0410] Per Protocol Set (PPS) includes patients in the ITT set who had no major protocol deviations that may affect the efficacy evaluation. PPS will be used for the sensitivity analysis of primary efficacy endpoint in Phase III study.
[0411] Safety Analysis Set (SS) includes patients who received at least one dose of investigational products. This analysis set will be used for safety analysis.
[0412] Pharmacokinetic Analysis Set (PKAS) includes patients who received at least one dose of study drug and had data of at least one quantifiable post-dose PK blood sample. This analysis set will be used for the analysis of PK profile.
[0413] Statistical Analysis
[0414] In this study, data from Phase II study and Phase III study will be analyzed separately. Overall, continuous variables (such as age) will be described statistically with observed values, mean, standard deviation, quartile, minimum and maximum; categorical variables will be described statistically with frequency and percentage for each category. Time-to-event variables (such as time to onset) will be calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods for quartiles, medians, and their 95%confidence intervals (CIs) .
[0415] Efficacy Analysis
[0416] Phase II study:
[0417] Considering the limited sample size, the efficacy analysis of Phase II study will not be formally tested, but mainly summarized descriptively by two groups.
[0418] Phase III study:
[0419] Statistical analysis of primary estimates:
[0420] The analysis of the primary estimates for the Phase III study is based on the ITT set in the Phase III study.
[0421] The primary statistical analysis of the estimates is as follows:
[0422] The primary efficacy endpoint for the Phase III study is the proportion of patients who have a stable Hb response and achieve a durable response during Week 5-24, defined as an Hb level ≥100 g / L with an increase of ≥20 g / L from baseline on 3 consecutive available assessments with at least a 7-day-interval in the absence of red blood cell transfusion or other rescue medications. Differences in the primary endpoint between the two groups will be tested using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test, adjusted for stratified randomization factors. The difference in durable response rates between the two groups and its 95%CI and p-value will be reported.
[0423] Meanwhile, the exact 95%CI of the response rate for the primary endpoint between the two groups will also be calculated using Clopper-Pearson method. A sensitivity analysis for the difference in the primary endpoint between the two groups will be performed using Fisher's exact test.
[0424] Handling of missing values for the primary endpoint and supplementary analyses will be presented in the Statistical Analysis Plan.
[0425] Secondary endpoints:
[0426] Dichotomous secondary efficacy endpoints will be analyzed using the same statistical analysis method as the primary efficacy endpoint.
[0427] Descriptive statistics will be mainly used for continuous secondary efficacy endpoints.
[0428] Kaplan-Meier method will be used to estimate the quartiles for the analysis of time-to-event variables (e.g., time to onset) .
[0429] Safety Analysis
[0430] Safety variables such as AEs, laboratory tests, vital signs, and ECG examination will be described in summary tables. Abnormal values will be tabulated separately. All AEs will be graded according to NCI CTCAE version 5.0. AEs will be coded using the medical dictionary for regulatory activities (MedDRA) . The number and frequency of AEs and treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) will be summarized by system organ class (SOC) and preferred term (PT) . All SAEs (including death) , Grade ≥3 AEs and AEs leading to dose reduction, interruption or permanent discontinuation will be presented separately in summary tables.
[0431] All laboratory assessments will be summarized and listed. The maximum toxicity observed at baseline and after dosing will be compared in shift tables. Descriptive statistics will be performed for changes in vital signs and ECOG PS scores from baseline.
[0432] Pharmacokinetic Analysis
[0433] Phase II study:
[0434] A non-compartmental model analysis will be performed for plasma concentration data using Phoenix WinNonlin software (version 8.2 or above) . Descriptive statistical analysis will be performed for PK parameters by dose groups; mean (arithmetic mean, geometric mean) , standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CV%, including arithmetic CV%, geometric CV%) , median, minimum, and maximum will be reported.
[0435] Phase III study:
[0436] Descriptive statistical analysis will be performed on plasma concentration data at each timepoint, and mean (arithmetic mean, geometric mean) , standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CV%, including arithmetic CV%, geometric CV%) , median, minimum, and maximum will be reported.
[0437] Study Results
[0438] As of 19 Dec 2023, 21 patients (16: 5) were randomized to receive the study treatment or placebo. All 21 patients completed 8 week double-blind treatment and ended the open-label treatment phase. The key baseline characteristics are shown in Table 1. The median age was 45 years, and the median baseline Hb level was 87.0 g / L. Patients received a median of 3.0 lines of prior anti-wAIHA treatment, and 38%of the patients previously received anti-CD20 treatment.
[0439] Efficacy results are shown in Table 2. During the 0-8 weeks double-blind period, the overall Hb response (ORR) was 43.8% (7 / 16) in sovleplenib, which was higher than that in placebo (0%) . The durable Hb response (DRR) was 18.8% (3 / 16) in sovleplenib, vs. 0%in placebo. The median time to response (Hb increased ≥15g / L from baseline) was 1.3 weeks. 25.0% (4 / 16) vs. 60.0% (3 / 5) of the patients in sovleplenib vs. placebo received rescue treatments.
[0440] During the 0-24 weeks of sovleplenib treatment, the ORR and DRR was 66.7% (14 / 21) and 47.6%(10 / 21) , respectively. 28.6% (6 / 21) of patients had received rescue treatment. For those patients previously-treated with anti-CD20 treatment, the ORR and DRR was 62.5% (5 / 8) and 37.5% (3 / 8) , respectively.
[0441] During the double-blind treatment, 13 (81.3%) patients in sovleplenib vs. 5 (100%) patients in placebo reported treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) , and 4 (25.0%) patients vs. 4 (80.0%) patients reported grade 3 TEAEs. No grade 4 or 5 TEAEs occurred in any group. The most common TEAEs are presented in Table 3.
[0442] The PK profile of sovleplenib was similar in wAIHA patients compared to wAIHA population. The steady-state of sovleplenib at 300 mg QD can cover the EC50 (47.7 ng / mL, ex vivo anti IgE induced CD63+basophil activation assay) for at least 16 hours.
[0443] Sovleplenib demonstrated a favourable safety profile and an encouraging Hb benefit compared with placebo.
[0444] Table 1 Key Baseline Characteristics in the Intent-to-Treat Population
[0445] Table 2 Efficacy Results
[0446] Table 3 The Most Common TEAEs in the Double-Blind Phase and 0-24 weeks by Preferred Term
[0447] TEAE: treatment-emergent adverse event. TEAEs were presented with incidence >20%or grade ≥3 in any group in 0-8weeks, or with incidence >15%in 0-24 weeks.
[0448] *, No grade 4 or 5 TEAEs were reported in the study.
Claims
1.A method of treating warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the wAIHA is primary wAIHA or secondary wAIHA.3.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the wAIHA is severe and / or acute-onset wAIHA, or is non-severe or non-acute-onset wAIHA.4.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the subject has relapsed or refractory wAIHA, optionally after 8~12 months or more than one year from diagnosis.5.The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the subject has previously received at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment.6.The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the subject has had an insufficient response or intolerance to at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment, or has relapsed after at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment.7.The method of any one of claims 5-6, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment is one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve or more prior anti-wAIHA treatments.8.The method of any one of claims 5-7, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises at least one treatment of first-line anti-wAIHA treatment, second-line anti-wAIHA treatment, third-line anti-wAIHA treatment and a further treatment.9.The method of any one of claims 5-8, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises one or more treatments selected from corticosteroids, anti-CD20 antibody treatment, blood cell transfusion, erythropoietin, immunosuppressants, mTOR inhibitors, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, danazol, an intravenous immunoglobulin treatment (IVIg) , Traditional Chinese medicine and splenectomy.10.The method of any one of claims 5-9, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises corticosteroids, including glucocorticoids.11.The method of any one of claims 5-10, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises an anti-CD20 antibody treatment.12.The method of any one of claims 5-11, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises corticosteroids (including glucocorticoids) and an anti-CD20 antibody treatment.13.The method of any one of claims 5-12, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises immunosuppressants.14.The method of any one of claims 5-13, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises splenectomy.15.The method of any one of claims 5-14, wherein the at least one prior anti-wAIHA treatment comprises a rescue anti-wAIHA treatment.16.The method of any one of claims 1-15, wherein the subject has a hemoglobin level < lower limit of normal (LLN) prior to the treatment of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.17.The method of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the subject has anaemia ≥ 3 months prior to the treatment of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.18.The method of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the subject has a positive Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) (IgA / IgG +, with or without C3 +) prior to the treatment of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.19.The method of any one of claims 1-18, wherein the subject is in an active hemolysis prior to the treatment of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.20.The method of any one of claims 1-19, wherein the subject is human adult.21.The method of any one of claims 1-20, wherein the subject is Asian population.22.The method of any one of claims 1-20, wherein the subject is non-Asian population, optionally American population, European population, Caucasian population, Oceanian population, and / or African population.23.The method of any one of claims 1-22, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a daily dosage of about 100-600 mg (optionally about 100-400 mg, about 300-500 mg, about 100 mg, about 200 mg, about 300 mg, about 400 mg, about 500 mg, or about 600 mg) , or at a dosage sufficient to achieve an AUCtau, ss value of about 600-5000 h × ng / mL (optionally about 600-800, about 1000-1300, about 1900-2200, or about 2900-3200 h × ng / mL, optionally about 650-670, about 1145-1165, about 2055-2175, or about 3055-3075 h × ng / mL, optionally about 661, about 1156, about 2067, or about 3065 h × ng / mL) .24.The method of any one of claims 1-23, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a dosage sufficient to achieve an AUCtau, ss value of about 2067 h × ng / mL .25.The method of any one of claims 1-24, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a daily dosage of about 300mg.26.The method of any one of claims 1-24, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a daily dosage of about 500mg.27.The method of any one of claims 1-26, wherein the dosage of sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is reduced during the treatment, when the subject experiences drug related adverse event or the subject's condition improves or stabilizes over time.28.The method of any one of claims 1-27, wherein the dosage is administered once per day (QD) , or in divided doses, e. g., twice per day (BID) .29.The method of any one of claims 1-28, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered orally.30.The method of any one of claims 1-29, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered as a monotherapy, or in combination with one or more additional therapeutic agents.31.The method of any one of claims 1-30, wherein sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in combination with a concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment.32.The method of any one of claims 1-31, wherein the subject has been receiving a stable dose of concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment.33.The method of any one of claims 30-32, wherein the additional therapeutic agents or the concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment is one concomitant medication selected from corticosteroids and immunosuppressants.34.The method of any one of claims 30-33, wherein the additional therapeutic agents or the concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment is not a rescue treatment.35.The method of any one of claims 1-34, wherein the subject has durable response (including an improved durable response rate) , improved overall response (including improved overall response rate) , stable response, improved hemoglobin level, a reduction in red blood cell destruction and / or hemolysis, a fast onset of action or improved time to response, improved duration time of stable response, improved response accumulation time, long-term wAIHA remission, improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) , a reduction of incidence of fatigue, and / or a reduction in the use of rescue treatment and / or reduction or interruption of baseline concomitant anti-wAIHA treatment and / or is safe and tolerable over time, optionally with low risk gastrointestinal toxicity, after treatment with sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.36.The method of any one of claims 1-35, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of sovleplenib is sovleplenib acetate.37.An article of manufacture comprising:a sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, anda package insert comprising instructions for using sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to treat warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) in a subject in need thereof, wherein the instructions indicate that sovleplenib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administrated as defined in any one of claims 1-36.
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