Techniques for enhancement of layer 1 identification of ambient internet of things devices in wireless communications systems
By using reader devices to communicate with AIoT devices via a physical layer channel with selected bit lengths, the techniques improve L1 identification and communication, addressing the challenges of interacting with ambient IoT devices in wireless systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/086227
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communications systems face challenges in efficiently identifying and interacting with ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) devices in various environments, particularly in enhancing layer 1 (L1) identification and communication services.
Implementing techniques for reader devices to communicate via a physical layer channel, using a first message with a selected bit length for a wireless device identifier, and based on a partial match, exchanging additional messages with the device to enhance identification and communication, including options for unicast, broadcast, or groupcast communication.
Enhances the ability to track, locate, and communicate with AIoT devices in ambient computing environments, facilitating services like location tracking and identification by improving the efficiency and flexibility of device interaction.
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Figure CN2024086227_09102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCEMENT OF LAYER 1 IDENTIFICATION OF AMBIENT INTERNET OF THINGS DEVICES IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS
[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, including techniques for enhancement of layer 1 (L1) identification of ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) devices in wireless communications systems.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .SUMMARY
[0004] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support techniques for enhancement of layer 1 (L1) identification of ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) devices in wireless communications systems. For example, the described techniques provide for one or more network devices in the wireless communications systems to assist in tracking, locating, or communicating with wireless devices in ambient computing environments. Such ambient computing environments may utilize the wireless devices (such as AIoT devices) to harness information from the surrounding environment and provide intelligent services to users. The wireless devices may interact with one or more other devices in the ambient computing environment to provide a service, such as a location tracking service, a communication service, or an identification service. For instance, the wireless devices may interact with a network device, such as a reader device, that may detect or read one of the wireless devices. The reader device may communicate a message that includes first identification information associated with the wireless device. The message may further include a request for a second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device or may include an indication of a second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device. The second wireless device identifier may have a bit length that is selected from a plurality of different bit lengths based on a type of the reader device or based on an identity of the wireless device. The reader device and the wireless device may subsequently communicate with one another using the second wireless device identifier having the selected bit length.
[0005] A method for wireless communication by a reader device is described. The method may include communicating, via a physical layer channel, a first message including a first indication of a first wireless device identifier associated with a wireless device, the first message further including a request for a second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device or a second indication of the second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device, the second wireless device identifier including a bit length selected from a set of multiple different bit lengths based on a type of the reader device or an identity of the wireless device and communicating, based on at least a partial match of the first wireless device identifier and an identifier associated with the wireless device, one or more messages including the second wireless device identifier having the bit length.
[0006] A reader device for wireless communication is described. The reader device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to communicate, via a physical layer channel, a first message including a first indication of a first wireless device identifier associated with a wireless device, the first message further including a request for a second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device or a second indication of the second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device, the second wireless device identifier including a bit length selected from a set of multiple different bit lengths based on a type of the reader device or an identity of the wireless device and communicate, based on at least a partial match of the first wireless device identifier and an identifier associated with the wireless device, one or more messages including the second wireless device identifier having the bit length.
[0007] Another reader device for wireless communication is described. The reader device may include means for communicating, via a physical layer channel, a first message including a first indication of a first wireless device identifier associated with a wireless device, the first message further including a request for a second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device or a second indication of the second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device, the second wireless device identifier including a bit length selected from a set of multiple different bit lengths based on a type of the reader device or an identity of the wireless device and means for communicating, based on at least a partial match of the first wireless device identifier and an identifier associated with the wireless device, one or more messages including the second wireless device identifier having the bit length.
[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to communicate, via a physical layer channel, a first message including a first indication of a first wireless device identifier associated with a wireless device, the first message further including a request for a second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device or a second indication of the second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device, the second wireless device identifier including a bit length selected from a set of multiple different bit lengths based on a type of the reader device or an identity of the wireless device and communicate, based on at least a partial match of the first wireless device identifier and an identifier associated with the wireless device, one or more messages including the second wireless device identifier having the bit length.
[0009] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first message further includes a third indication of the bit length.
[0010] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the bit length for the second wireless device identifier may be further selected based on a cast type of at least one of the one or more messages and the cast type includes unicast, broadcast, or groupcast.
[0011] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, based on the type of the reader device being a user equipment (UE) reader device, a first bit length may be selected and based on the type of the reader device being a base station reader device, a second bit length may be selected.
[0012] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first bit length includes fewer bits than the second bit length.
[0013] Some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for establishing, based on reception of the second indication of the second wireless device identifier, a current session with the wireless device, where communicating the one or more messages includes communicating, for a duration of the current session, the one or more messages including the second wireless device identifier having the bit length.
[0014] Some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from a network entity, configuration information indicating a lookup table including an association between identification information for a set of multiple wireless devices and a respective bit length for each of the set of multiple wireless devices, where the bit length for the second wireless device identifier may be further selected based on the lookup table.
[0015] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, communicating the first message includes transmitting the first message including the request for the second wireless device identifier and the first message further includes a third indication of whether to reuse a previous second wireless identifier or generate a new second wireless identifier.
[0016] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, communicating the first message includes receiving the first message including the request for the second wireless device identifier and the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium may include further operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, via the physical layer channel, a second message including an indication of the first wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device and omitting an indication of the second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device, where communicating the one or more messages including the second wireless device identifier includes communicating the one or more messages including a previous second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0017] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the second wireless device identifier may be configured by the wireless device, the reader device, or a network entity.
[0018] Some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the wireless device, a second message including a session end command, where the session end command indicates that the second wireless device identifier may be no longer valid.
[0019] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device invalidates a previous second wireless identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0020] Some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for allocating, based on performing contention resolution during an inventory procedure, a new second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device, where the new second wireless device identifier includes a contention resolution ID (CRI) , a unique wireless device identifier, or a global wireless device identifier and communicating one or more additional messages using the new second wireless device identifier.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports techniques for enhancement of layer 1 (L1) identification of ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) devices in wireless communications systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 2 shows an example of a portion of a wireless communications system that supports techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIGs. 3A and 3B show examples of signal flows that support techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems during a select or unicast query procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 4A and 4B show examples of signal flows that support techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems during an inventory procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 5 shows an example of a signal flow that supports techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIGs. 6 and 7 show block diagrams of devices that support techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 10 shows a flowchart illustrating methods that support techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to techniques for querying wireless devices (e.g., ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) devices) in wireless communications systems. For instance, the described techniques provide for a means for a reader device to query one or more wireless devices, such as AIoT devices, in ambient computing environments to trigger the wireless devices to locate, identify, or communicate with the wireless devices. For instance, the ambient computing environment may include one or more wireless devices that interact with one or more other devices, such as one or more reader devices that may read or detect the wireless devices, to facilitate provision of a service, such as a location tracking service, a communication service, or an identification service. The reader devices may in turn communicate with one or more network devices, such as base stations, to further facilitate provision of the service. In some cases, the wireless devices may need to be located, identified, or communicated with to provide the service.
[0031] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to techniques for enhancement of layer 1 (L1) identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems.
[0032] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more devices, such as one or more network devices (e.g., network entities 105) , one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein. As described herein, the term “paging” may refer to paging or an enhanced paging in LTE, NR, or 6G systems, a dedicated paging designed in a wireless system (e.g., AIoT systems) , or a paging-like method using other terminology (e.g., select, query, or other terminology) for similar purposes.
[0033] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link (s) 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish the communication link (s) 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0034] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices in the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., other wireless communication devices, including UEs 115 or network entities 105) , as shown in FIG. 1.
[0035] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0036] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with a core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link (s) 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) or one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0037] One or more of the network entities 105 or network equipment described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within one network entity (e.g., a network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0038] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among multiple network entities (e.g., network entities 105) , such as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , such as a CU 160, a distributed unit (DU) , such as a DU 165, a radio unit (RU) , such as an RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , such as an RIC 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, such as an SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more of the network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0039] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may be connected to a DU 165 (e.g., one or more DUs) or an RU 170 (e.g., one or more RUs) , or some combination thereof, and the DUs 165, RUs 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as L1 (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or multiple different RUs, such as an RU 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165 or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to a DU 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to an RU 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities (e.g., one or more of the network entities 105) that are in communication via such communication links.
[0040] In some wireless communications systems (e.g., the wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more of the network entities 105 (e.g., network entities 105 or IAB node (s) 104) may be partially controlled by each other. The IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. A DU 165 or an RU 170 may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a network entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or a donor base station) . The one or more donor entities (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node (s) 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) . IAB node (s) 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may be equipped with an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of IAB node (s) 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB node (s) 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node (s) 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104 or components of the IAB node (s) 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0041] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support test as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., components such as an IAB node, a DU 165, a CU 160, an RU 170, an RIC 175, an SMO system 180) .
[0042] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, or meters, among other examples.
[0043] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as UEs 115 that may sometimes operate as relays, as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0044] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via the communication link (s) 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting the communication link (s) 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link (s) 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more of the network entities 105) .
[0045] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0046] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0047] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems, such as the wireless communications system 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0048] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0049] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to UEs 115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or may include UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a UE 115 (e.g., a specific UE) .
[0050] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area, such as the coverage area 110. In some examples, coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) associated with different technologies may overlap, but the coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., a network entity 105) . In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas, such as a coverage area 110, associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., the network entities 105) . The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 support communications for coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.
[0051] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be relatively low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication) . M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application program that uses the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.
[0052] Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ operating modes that reduce power consumption, such as half-duplex communications (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception, but not transmission and reception concurrently) . In some examples, half-duplex communications may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for the UEs 115 may include entering a power saving deep sleep mode when not engaging in active communications, operating using a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications) , or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 may be configured for operation using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs) ) within a carrier, within a guard-band of a carrier, or outside of a carrier.
[0053] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0054] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs (e.g., one or more of the UEs 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link, such as a D2D communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more of the UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0055] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0056] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0057] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0058] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0059] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0060] Some wireless communications systems may include, operate in, or be integrated with an ambient computing environment. Such ambient computing environments may utilize connected wireless devices, such as AIoT devices, to harness information from the surrounding environment and provide intelligent services to users. In some cases, the wireless devices included in the ambient computing environment may include energy harvesting (EH) -capable devices (e.g., radio frequency identification (RFID) tags) , non-EH-capable devices, battery powered devices, or other wireless devices. The wireless devices may interact with one or more other devices in the ambient computing environment to provide a service, such as a location tracking service, a communication service, an identification service, or other service. For instance, the wireless devices may interact with a network device, such as a reader device, that may detect or read the wireless device. In some cases, the reader device may be the UE 115 or a network entity 105 (such as a base station 140) . The reader device may communicate with one or more other network devices, such as one or more other network entities 105, to provide the services.
[0061] In some cases, the reader device may be instructed by the network entity 105 to wake up (e.g., page) one or more of the wireless devices to trigger the wireless devices to transition from an idle or inactive state to a wake up state in order to provide the service. As a consequence, the reader device may communicate with one or more of the wireless devices. For instance, the reader device may communicate a message that includes first identification information associated with the wireless device. The message may further include a request for a second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device or may include an indication of a second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device. The second wireless device identifier may have a bit length that is selected from a plurality of different bit lengths based on a type of the reader device or based on an identity of the wireless device. The reader device and the wireless device may subsequently communicate with one another using the second wireless device identifier having the selected bit length. In some cases, the second wireless device identifier may have fewer bits than the first wireless device identifier and communicating using the second wireless device identifier may be more efficient than communicating using the first wireless device identifier.
[0062] FIG. 2 shows an example of a portion of a wireless communications system 200 that supports techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 200 may include a network entity 130-a, network entity 105-a, one or more reader devices 250 (e.g., UE reader device 250-a and base station reader device 250-b) , and one or more wireless devices 215 (e.g., wireless devices 215-a, 215-b, 215-c, and 215-d) . The network entity 130-a may be an example of the core network 130 or the network entity 105, as described with reference to FIG. 1. The network entity 105-a and the base station reader device 250-b may be examples of the network entity 105 or the base station 140, as described with reference to FIG. 1. The UE reader device 250-a may be an example of the UE 115, as described with reference to FIG. 1. The network entity 130-a, network entity 105-a, UE reader device 250-a, base station reader device 250-b, and one or more wireless devices 215 may communicate using communication links, such as communications links 125-a, 125-b, 125-c, 125-d, and 125-e.
[0063] In some cases, the network entity 130-a may provide a service, such as a location tracking service, communication service, identification service, or other service associated with the one or more wireless devices 215. In some cases, there may be a need to locate one or more of the one or more wireless devices 215. For example, the wireless devices 215 may be low-power, low-complexity AIoT devices, such as a tag (e.g., an radio frequency identifier (RFID) tag) attached to a suitcase, a pet, a pair of keys, or other item, and the network entity 130-a may facilitate the provisioning of a location tracking service for tracking a location of wireless devices 215.
[0064] The wireless devices 215 may have minimal circuitry and processing capabilities as compared with other user devices, such as the UE 115, and may be smaller and cheaper as compared to previous generations of IoT devices, such as narrow band (NB) -IoT, Long Term Machine Type Evolution (LTE-M) , enhanced reduced capability (eRedCap) IoT devices. These devices may also have minimal energy storage capabilities and, in some cases, the primary energy source for such devices may be from radio waves transmitted from a signal (e.g., a continuous wave or NR signal) from another device, such as a reader device (e.g., the reader devices 250) . In some cases, the wireless devices 215 may employ similar technologies as a passive UHF RFID. Accordingly, in some cases, due to the low-power, low-complexity capabilities and processing functionalities, the wireless devices 215 may not support certain standard features or functionality as compared to other user or IoT devices. Additionally, different wireless devices 215 may have different capabilities or support different functions. For instance, in some cases, the wireless devices 215 may be a first type of wireless device 215 (e.g., a device type 1) or a second type of wireless device 215 (e.g., a device type 2) .
[0065] The first type of wireless device 215 (e.g., the device type 1) may be one of low complexity relative to the other wireless devices 215. This type of wireless device may have the capability to store limited amounts of energy, but may not be capable of independently generating a signal. Instead, the first type of wireless device 215 may be an EH-capable device that utilizes back-scattering to transmit one or more signals based on a received signal (e.g., an RF signal) . For instance, the first type of wireless device 215 may harvest energy received from radio waves transmitted by a signal transmitted by a reader device 250. The first type of wireless device 215 may utilize the harvested energy to perform back-scattering to transmit one or more signals back to the reader device 250 that transmitted the initial signal or to another device, such as by reflecting the received signal. These wireless devices 215 may have a peak power consumption of ~1μW and a range of < 13 meters (m) to approximately 33 meters (m) .
[0066] The second type of wireless device 215 (e.g., the device type 2) may have the capability to store greater amounts of energy relative to the first type of wireless device 215. This type of device may be further categorized into various subtypes. For instance, a first subtype of the second type of wireless device 215 (e.g., the device type 2a) may be one of medium complexity relative to the other wireless devices 215. This type of wireless device may include energy storage, may have an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to 10X (e.g., 10 times) parts per million (ppm) , and may communicate based on back-scattering on external carrier waves. For example, this type of wireless device may have neither downlink nor uplink amplification capabilities, and the device’s uplink transmissions may be back-scattered on a carrier wave provided externally. Accordingly, a primary energy source for this type of wireless device may be a received signal (e.g., an RF signal) from the reader device 250. These wireless devices 215 may have a peak power consumption of approximately 10 to 100x μW and a range of approximately 22 m to 61 m.
[0067] A second subtype of the second type of wireless device 215 (e.g., the device type 2b) may be one of high complexity relative to the other types of wireless devices 215. This type of wireless device may include energy storage, may also have an initial SFO of up to 10X ppm, and may communicate based on internal generated carrier waves. This type of wireless device may additionally have downlink or uplink amplification capabilities. Accordingly, the device’s uplink transmissions may be generated independently by the device or may be back-scattered on a carrier wave provided externally. Accordingly, a primary energy source for this type of wireless device may be a received signal (e.g., an RF signal) from the reader device 250 or may be solar energy. These wireless devices 215 may have a peak power consumption of less than a few hundred μW and a range of approximately <100 m to 300 m.
[0068] In some cases, the network entity 130-a may locate or track the wireless devices 215 with the assistance of one or more reader devices 250. The reader devices 250 may refer to devices associated with the network entity 130-a that may be utilized to detect or read one or more of the wireless devices 215. For instance, the reader devices 250 may be the UE reader device 250-a or the base station reader device 250-b. The network entity 130-a may communicate with the UE reader device 250-a via a network entity 105-a through which the UE reader device 250-a is connected. For instance, the network entity 130-a may send a control signal (in some cases, the control signal may be a paging signal or a signal similar to a paging signal) to the network entity 105-a notifying the network entity 105-a to instruct one or more UE reader devices 250-a to track, locate, or inventory one or more of the wireless devices 215. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 130-a may communicate with the base station reader device 250-b directly and may directly send the base station reader device 250-b a control signal (in some cases, the control signal may be a paging signal or a signal similar to a paging signal) instructing the base station reader device 250-b to track, locate, or inventory one or more of the wireless devices 215.
[0069] In some cases, the network entity 130-a may wish to track or locate a particular wireless device 215, for example, to locate a wireless device 215-a attached to a lost suitcase. While in other cases, the network entity 130-a may wish to track or locate a plurality of the wireless devices 215, for example to receive location or other context information on a plurality of wireless devices 215. Locating the plurality of wireless devices 215 may allow those wireless devices to be inventoried by the reader devices 250 that locate them. This may facilitate tracking and locating a particular wireless device 215 at a later time. For instance, when a reader device 250 locates a wireless device 215, the reader device 250 may collect and transmit information associated with the located wireless device 215 (such as identification, location information, or other context information associated with the reader device 250 or the wireless device 215) to the network entity 130-a or to an AIoT server. The network entity 130-a or the AIoT server may store the inventory records from each of the reader devices 250. In this way, when a particular wireless device 215 needs to be located at a later time, the network entity 130-a may query the inventory records to identify the last known reader devices 250 that located (or inventoried) the particular wireless device 215. The network entity 130-a may then target one or more of the last known reader devices 250 that located the particular wireless device 215 to be instructed to again locate the particular wireless device 215. In some instances, the network entity 130-a may additionally, or alternatively, target other reader devices 250 to locate a particular wireless device 215.
[0070] Upon identifying the particular reader devices 250 to be utilized in tracking or locating one or more of the wireless devices 215, the network entity 130-a may send the reader devices 250 a signal (such as a control signal) instructing the reader devices 250 to page the one or more wireless devices 215 to trigger the one or more wireless devices 215 to wake up and transmit their identification information or other context information (such as location information) . In some cases, such as when the reader device is the UE reader device 250-a, the signal may be sent to the reader device 250 by the network entity 130-a via an intermediary network entity, such as the network entity 105-a associated with the UE reader device 250-a. For instance, the network entity 130-a may transmit a signal to the network entity 105-a instructing the network entity 105-a to instruct a managed UE reader device 250-a to page the one or more wireless devices 215 to trigger a wake up.
[0071] Upon receiving the signal from the network entity 130-a or the network entity 105-a, the reader device 250 may transmit a signal (such as a reader-to-device (R2D) paging signal) . The signal may comprise an initial message 210 (e.g., an initial message 210-a or initial message 210-b) that includes a command intended for one or more of the wireless devices 215. As an example, the command may be a select command (or a unicast query command) used to select or identify one or more particular wireless devices 215, such as a target wireless device 215, for communication, or a may be a query command (e.g., a multicast, groupcast, or broadcast query command) used to initiate an inventory process to identify wireless devices 215 within a range or coverage area of the reader device 250. However, the initial message 210 may not be limited to including a select or a query command and may include other commands intended for one or more of the wireless devices 215, such as a read, write, lock, sleep, kill, or other wireless device command) .
[0072] For instance, when the reader device 250 wants to select a particular wireless device, such as the target wireless device 215 (e.g., such as when the command included in the initial message 210 includes a select command or a unicast query command for the target wireless device 215) , the initial message 210 may be sent with a first message 220 (e.g., a first message 220-a or first message 220-b) that includes first identification information associated with the target wireless device 215, such that the target wireless device 215 may detect that the first message 220 is intended for the target wireless device 215. The initial message 210 and the first message 220 may be a single message and may be referred to herein as the first message 220. That is, the reader device 250 may initially communicate with the target wireless device 215 (such as to establish an initial connection or session) by addressing an initial communication, such as the first message 220, with the first identification information associated with the wireless device 215 so that the target wireless device 215 can recognize that the first message 220 is intended for the target wireless device 215 and so that other wireless devices 215 not associated with the first identification information will recognize that the first message 220 is not intended for those wireless devices 215. In some instances, the first identification information may be referred to as a long identifier (ID) . For instance, the first identification information (e.g., the long ID) may be an application layer ID allocated by an application, such as an electronic product code (EPC) identifier (ID) (e.g., 96 bits that may be used to uniquely identify a product within a set of products) ; a hardware ID allocated by a manufacturer of the wireless device 215, such as a tag ID (TID) or serial number; a network ID, such as allocated by a 3GPP network; a previous identifier used to communicate with the target wireless device 215; a contention resolution ID (CRI) ; a global identifier of the wireless device 215; an identifier that may uniquely identify the wireless device 215; or other identifier associated with the target wireless device 215.
[0073] In some cases, the reader device 250 and the target wireless device 215 may negotiate second identification information for further communication between the reader device 250 and the target wireless device 215. The second identification information may be temporary identification information that may have fewer bits than the first identification information and communicating using the second identification information may be more efficient than communicating using the first identification information. In some instances, the second identification information may be referred to as a short ID. For instance, the second identification information (e.g., the short ID) may be a layer one identifier (L1-ID) for communicating (e.g., unicast communications) between the reader device 250 and the target wireless device 215 for a period of time (e.g., for a duration of a session between the reader device 250 and the target wireless device 215) . In some instances, the reader device 250 may signal to the wireless device 215, the wireless device may be configured with, a duration of time (e.g. a session duration) for which the second identification information is valid for use in communicating between the reader device 250 and wireless device 215. In some instances, the second identification information may remain valid for communication until explicitly or implicitly released or invalidated by the reader device 250. For example, the reader device 250 may lock a tag’s L1-ID for a certain time duration, for a certain clock count, for a certain communication session (e.g., configured to tag or pre-defined in a wireless specification) , until the reader device 250 releases the L1-ID of the tag. This locking mechanism may be an example of the validation and invalidation techniques described herein.
[0074] In some cases, the second identification information may be a group ID for communicating (e.g., group cast communications) between the reader device 250 and a group of wireless devices. In some cases, the second identification information may be a random or pseudo-random value, such as RN16 (e.g., a 16-bit random number or a 16-bit pseudo-random number) ; identification information derived from the first identification information, such as a portion of the first identification information, a hash version or other coding scheme of the first identification information; group ID, or other identification information used for temporary communication between the reader device 250 and the target wireless device 215 (or a group of target wireless devices) .
[0075] In some cases, the second identification information may be allocated (e.g., generated, configured, determined, selected, or provided) by the reader device 250, and in other cases, the second identification information may be allocated by the target wireless device 215.
[0076] Accordingly, in cases where the second identification information is allocated by the target wireless device 215, the first message 220 (e.g., first message 220a or first message 220-b) from the reader device 250 to the target wireless device 215 may additionally include a request for the target wireless device 215 to allocate the second identification information associated with the target wireless device 215. In some cases, the request may indicate a specific length to be associated with the second identification information, e.g., a specific bit length. That is, the reader device 250 may request from the target wireless device 215 an L1-ID of a specific quantity of bits. The specific bit length requested for the second identification information may be selected from a plurality of different bit lengths, such as 8 bits, 16 bits, 24 bits, or another quantity of bits and indicated in the first message 220. Upon receiving the first message 220, the target wireless device 215 may determine whether the first message 220 is intended for the target wireless device 215 by comparing the first identification information to its own identification information. If there is at least a partial match between the identification information, the target wireless device 215 may determine that the first message 220 is intended for the target wireless device 215 and may allocate second identification information having the requested bit length. The target wireless device 215 may transmit a second message 230 (e.g., a second message 230-a or second message 230-b) to the reader device 250 including an indication of the second identification information having the requested bit length. After the second message 230 is received by the reader device 250, the reader device 250 and the target wireless device 215 may communicate with each other using the second identification information (such as including the second identification information in one or more messages) for at least a period of time, such as for a duration of a session between the reader device 250 and the target wireless device 215 or for some other period of time.
[0077] In cases where the second identification information is allocated by the reader device 250 (instead of the target wireless device 215) , the first message 220 (e.g., the first message 220a or first message 220-b) from the reader device 250 to the target wireless device 215 may include the second identification information allocated by the reader device 250. In this case, the second identification information may also be of a bit length select from among a plurality of different bit lengths. Upon receiving the first message 220 and determining that the first message is intended for the target wireless device 215 (such as based on the comparing first identification information included in the first message 220 with the identification information of the target wireless device 215) , the target wireless device 215 may transmit a second message 230 to the reader device 250 including the second identification information allocated by the reader device 250. In some cases, the second message 230 may serve as feedback or an acknowledgement (e.g., an ACK message) that the target wireless device 215 successfully received the first message 220. After the second message 230 is received by the reader device 250, the reader device 250 and the target wireless device 215 may communicate with each other using the second identification information (such as including the second identification information in one or more messages) for at least a period of time, such as for a duration of a session between the reader device 250 and the target wireless device 215 or for some other period of time.
[0078] In some cases, such as when the reader device 250 wants to inventory wireless devices 215 in a range or coverage area of the reader device 250 (such as when the command included in the initial message 210 includes a query command (e.g., a multicast, groupcast, or broadcast query command) ) , the initial message 210 may be sent without first identification information associated with a particular wireless device 215. That is, in some cases, the initial message 210 may not be targeted for a particular wireless device 215 and, instead, may be used to identify those wireless devices 215 within a coverage range of the reader device 250 (or those wireless devices 215 that satisfy other criteria set forth by one or more parameters associated with the query command) . In such cases, one or more wireless devices 215 within a coverage area of the reader device 250 may detect the initial message 210 and may recognize (based on omission of the first identification information) that the initial message 210 is intended to inventory the one or more wireless devices 215. In this case, the initial message 210 and the first message 220 (that includes identification associated with a target wireless device 215) may not be a single message. Based on the determination by one or more wireless devices 215 that the initial message 210 is intended to inventory the one or more wireless devices 215, each of the one or more wireless devices 215 may respond by transmitting a first message 220 to the reader device 250 (in this example, the first message 220 is transmitted from the wireless device 215 to the reader device 250) . In this case, the first message 220 may include first identification information (e.g., an EPC ID or other first identification information as described above) associated with the responding wireless device 215. Upon receiving the first message 220 from a wireless device 215, the reader device 250 may allocate second identification information (e.g., an L1-ID or other second identification information as described above) to be associated with the wireless device 215. That is, the reader device 250 may allocate second identification information for each of the wireless devices 215 that responded to the initial message 210 (e.g., the query command) . The reader device 250 may allocate the second identification information having a particular bit length selected from among a plurality of different bit lengths. In some cases, the second identification information allocated to different wireless devices may have different bit lengths. The reader device 250 may transmit a second message 230 to each of the wireless devices 215 including an indication of the second identification information associated with that wireless device 215 and having the selected bit length (in this example, the second message 230 is transmitted from the reader device 250 to the wireless device 215) . In some cases, the second message 230 may also include an indication of the first identification information so that the wireless device 215, upon receiving the second message 230, may recognize that the second message 230 is intended for the wireless device 215. In some cases, the second message 230 may serve as feedback or an acknowledgement (e.g., an ACK message) that the reader device 250 successfully received the first message 220 from the wireless device 215. After the second message 230 is received by the wireless device 215, the reader device 250 and the wireless device 215 may communicate with each other using the second identification information (such as including the second identification information in one or more messages) for at least a period of time, such as for a duration of a session between the reader device 250 and the wireless device 215 or for some other period of time.
[0079] In some cases when the reader device 250 wants to inventory wireless devices 215 in a range or coverage area of the reader device 250, instead of the reader device 250 allocating second identification information to the one or more wireless devices 215 that respond to the initial message 210 (e.g., the query command) , the one or more wireless devices 215 may allocate their own second identification information and signal the second identification information to the reader device 250. In such cases, the first message 220 from the wireless device 215 to the reader device 250 may include the second identification information allocated by the wireless device 215. In this case, the second identification information may also be of a bit length select from among a plurality of different bit lengths. Upon receiving the first message 220, the reader device 250 may transmit a second message 230 to the wireless device 215 including the second identification information that was allocated by the wireless device 215. In some cases, the second message 230 may serve as feedback or an acknowledgement (e.g., an ACK message) that the reader device 250 successfully received the first message 220 from the wireless device 215. After the second message 230 is received by the wireless device 215, the reader device 250 and the wireless device 215 may communicate with each other using the second identification information (such as including the second identification information in one or more messages) for at least a period of time, such as for a duration of a session between the reader device 250 and the target wireless device 215 or for some other period of time.
[0080] FIGs. 3A and 3B show examples of a signal flow 300a and a signal flow 300b, respectively, that support techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems during a select or unicast query procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some aspects, the signal flows 300a and 300b may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications systems 100 or 200, as described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2, respectively. The signal flow 300a may illustrate the flow of signals between a wireless device 315a and a reader device 350a. The signal flow 300b may illustrate the flow of signals between a wireless device 315b and a reader device 350b. The wireless devices 315a and 315b may be examples of one of the wireless devices 215, as described with reference to FIG. 2. The reader devices 350a and 350b may be examples of the UE reader device 250-a or the base station reader device 250-b, as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0081] Referring to FIG. 3A, in some implementations, in response to the reader device 350a receiving a signal from a network entity to locate or otherwise communicate with a particular wireless device, such as the wireless device 315a, the reader device 350a may transmit a signal comprising a first message 320a addressed to the wireless device 315a. The first message 320a may be transmitted via a physical reader to device channel (PRDCH) (or in some cases may be included in a MAC-control element (MAC-CE) ) . The first message 320a may be comprised of a preamble portion 320a-a, a cast type portion 320a-b, a control portion 320a-c, and a data portion 320a-c. The first message 320a may additionally, or alternatively, include one or more other portions not mentioned. In some cases, the first message 320a may be an example of the initial message 210, the first message 220, or a combination thereof described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0082] The first message 320a may include a wireless device command (e.g., a tag command) . For instance, the first message 320a may include a select command or a unicast query command used to select the wireless device 315a for communication (the type of wireless device command included in the first message 320a need not be limited to a select or unicast query command and, instead, may include other types of wireless device commands, such as read, write, kill, lock, sleep, or other wireless device commands) . One or more bits of the first message 320a (e.g., a forward link packet) may be used to indicate the wireless device command in the first message 320a. Additionally, the cast portion 320a-b may comprise one or more bits that indicate a cast type (e.g., unicast, groupcast, multicast, or broadcast) of the first message. For example, an indication of whether the first message 320a is a broadcast message or not may comprise one bit, and an indication of whether the first message 320a is unicast, multicast, or groupcast may comprise multiple bits. In some cases the cast portion 320a-b may be included before or in a control portion 320a-c of the first message 320a (such as when the control portion 320a-c and data portion 320a-d are separate channels, such as a control channel and a PRDCH) . In some cases, there may be a different preamble (e.g., a different delimiter) to indicate the cast type. For example, a preamble having a single bit set to a first value (e.g., ‘0’ ) may indicate that the first message 320a is a broadcast message, and the preamble having a single bit set to a second value (e.g., ‘1’ ) may indicate that the first message 320a is a not a broadcast message. In another example, a preamble having multiple bits may indicate whether the first message 320a is broadcast, unicast, or groupcast. For example, a preamble having multiple bits set to a first value (e.g., ‘00’ ) may indicate that the first message 320a is a broadcast message, the preamble having multiple bits set to a second value (e.g., ‘10’ ) may indicate that the first message 320a is a unicast message, and the preamble having multiple bits set to a third value (e.g., ‘01’ ) may indicate that the first message 320a is a groupcast message. The preamble may precede a control portion of the first message 320a.
[0083] The first message 320a may additionally include identification information associated with the wireless device 315a, so that the wireless device 315a may detect that the first message 320a is intended for the wireless device 315. The identification information may be a first wireless device ID 340a. The first wireless device ID 340a may be the long ID described with reference to FIG. 2. The first wireless device ID 340a may be contained the data portion 320a-d of the first message 320a or, alternatively, in the control portion 320a-c of the first message 320a. In some cases, different portions of the first wireless device ID 340a may be included in different portions of the first message 320a (such as a first portion of the first wireless device ID 340a may be included in the control portion 320a-c and a remaining portion of the first wireless device ID 340a may be included in the data portion 320a-d or vice versa) .
[0084] In some cases, the first message 320 may additionally include a request for the wireless device 315a to allocate or indicate a second wireless device ID 345a for subsequent communications between the reader device 350a and the wireless device 315a. The second wireless device ID 345a may be a temporary wireless device ID that may have fewer bits than the first wireless device ID 340a. The second wireless device ID 345a may be the short ID (e.g., L1-ID) described with reference to FIG. 2. Communicating using the second wireless device ID 345a may be more efficient than communicating using the longer first wireless device ID 340a.
[0085] The request may further indicate a specific length to be associated with the second wireless device ID 345a, e.g., a specific bit length 360. That is, the reader device 350a may request, from the wireless device 315a, a second wireless device ID 345a of a specific quantity of bits. The bit length 360 requested for the second wireless device ID 345a may be selected from a plurality of candidate bit lengths, such as 8 bits, 16 bits, 24 bits, or another quantity of bits. The reader device 350a may select the bit length 360 based on the type of reader device 350a, a quantity of wireless devices in a coverage area of the reader device 350a, a cast type associated with one or more messages to be communicated between the reader device 350a and the wireless device 315a, an identity of the wireless device 315a, or a combination thereof.
[0086] For instance, in some cases, different types of reader devices 350a may be capable of supporting second wireless device IDs 345a of different bit lengths 360 (e.g., different length L1-IDs) . For example, if the reader device 350a is a UE reader device 350a (such as the reader device 250-a described with reference to FIG. 2) , because the UE reader device 350a may have a coverage area that is relatively small (such as compared to that of a base station reader device 350a (such as the reader device 250-b described with reference to FIG. 2) ) , the UE reader device 350a may support second wireless device IDs 345a having relatively short bit lengths 360 (e.g., 8 or 16 bits) . Likewise, if the reader device 350a is a base station reader device 350a, because the base station reader device 350a may have a coverage area that is relatively large, the base station reader device 350a may support second wireless device IDs 345a having bit lengths 360 that are longer than those supported by a UE reader device 350a (e.g., 8, 16, or 24 bits) . This may be the case because the base station reader device 350a may have more wireless devices in a coverage area (such as relative to a UE reader device 350a) and to ensure that the second wireless device IDs 345a are likely unique among those wireless devices in the coverage area, a relatively longer second wireless device ID 345a may be needed to avoid ID collisions.
[0087] Additionally, or alternatively, the reader device 350a may determine or select the bit length 360 for the second wireless device ID 345a based on a cast type (e.g., unicast, groupcast, multicast, or broadcast) associated with one or more messages to be communicated between the reader device 350a and the wireless device 315a. Different bit lengths 360 may be associated with different cast types. For example, a bit length 360 selected for groupcast communications may be relatively short (e.g., 8 or 16 bits) as compared with a bit length 360 selected for unicast communications (e.g., 8, 16, or 24 bits) . This may be the case because there may be relatively few groups for groupcast communications (as compared to a quantity of individual wireless devices for unicast communications) , therefore, fewer bits may be needed for a second wireless device ID 345a to ensure uniqueness among those groups.
[0088] Additionally, or alternatively, the reader device 350a may determine or select the bit length 360 for the second wireless device ID 345a based on a quantity of wireless devices in a coverage area of the reader device 350a. For example, different quantities of wireless devices in a coverage area of the reader device 350a may map to different bit lengths 360. For instance, if the quantity of wireless devices in a coverage area of the reader device 350a satisfies a first threshold value (e.g., less than or equal to a first quantity of wireless devices) , a first bit length 360 may be selected, and if the quantity of wireless devices in a coverage area of the reader device 350a satisfies a second threshold value (e.g., greater than a first quantity of wireless devices) , a second bit length 360 may be selected. In an example, the selected bit length may correspond to the quantity of wireless devices, where a longer bit length may be used when the quantity of wireless devices exceeds a threshold, and a shorter bit length may be used when the quantity of wireless devices is less than or equal to the threshold.
[0089] Additionally, or alternatively, the reader device 350a may determine or select the bit length 360 for the second wireless device ID 345a based on an identity of the wireless device 315a (e.g., based on the first wireless device ID 340a or other identification information associated with the wireless device 315a) . For example, different wireless devices may be associated with different bit lengths 360. The reader device 350a may signal which bit length 360 for the second wireless device ID 345a to use, generate, or both, based on an identity or type of the wireless device 315a.
[0090] In some cases, the reader device 350a may utilize one or more lookup tables to determine or select the bit length 360 for a second wireless device ID 345a. The one or more lookup tables may include associations between a bit length 360 and a type of reader device 350a, a threshold quantity of wireless devices in a coverage area, a cast type, or a wireless device identity.
[0091] The selected bit length 360 may be indicated in the data portion 320a-d of the first message 320a or, alternatively, in the control portion of the 320a-c of the first message 320a. In some cases, inclusion of the selected bit length 360 may be an implicit indication of the request for the wireless device 315a to allocate the second wireless device ID 345a.
[0092] Upon receiving the first message 320a from the reader device 350a, the wireless device 315a may determine whether the first message 320a is intended for the wireless device 315a by comparing the first wireless device ID 340a included in the first message 320a to its own identification information. If there is at least a partial match, the wireless device 315a may determine that the first message 320a is intended for the wireless device 315a and may allocate the second wireless device ID 345a having the bit length 360 indicated in the first message 320a.
[0093] In some cases, signaling may implicitly indicate whether a previously allocated second wireless device ID is valid or no longer valid. In an example, the omission of a second wireless device ID in the first message 320a (e.g., a select command or a unicast query message) may be an indication to the wireless device 315a to reuse a previously allocated second wireless device ID. For instance, in some cases, the reader device 350a and the wireless device 315a may have previously negotiated or allocated a second wireless device ID for temporary communication between the reader device 350a and the wireless device 315a, and the wireless device 315a may use the previously allocated second wireless device ID as the second wireless device ID 345a.
[0094] The wireless device 315a may transmit a second message 330a to the reader device 350a including an indication of the second wireless device ID 345a having the bit length 360 (e.g., a random or pseudo random number having the bit length 360 to use as the second wireless device ID 345a) . For instance, in some cases, the wireless device 315a may be an EH-capable device that may harvest or store energy from a received signal (e.g., the signal comprising the first message 320a) sent by the reader device 350a. The wireless device 315a may use energy from the received signal to transmit one or more back-scattered signals (or in some cases a non-back-scattered signal) that includes the second message 330a back to the reader device 350a (or, in some cases, to a different reader device) . For instance, in response to detecting the first message 320a and determining that the first message 320a is intended for the wireless device 315a, the wireless device 315a may transmit the second message 330a back to the reader device 350a.
[0095] The second message 330a may be comprised of a preamble portion 330a-a and a data portion 330a-b. The data portion 330a-b may include feedback 355a, such as an ACK message acknowledging that the first message 320a was successfully received by the wireless device 315a. For instance, one or more bits, such as a pre-defined sequence of bits, of the feedback 355a may be used to indicate the ACK message. The feedback 355a may further include the indication of the second wireless device ID 345a and the indication of the second wireless device ID 345a itself may serve as the ACK message.
[0096] The reader device 350a may receive the second message 330a including the second wireless device ID 345a. After the second message 330a is received by the reader device 350a, the reader device 350a and the wireless device 315a may communicate (e.g., transmit or receive one or more messages) with each other using the second wireless device ID 345a (such as including the second wireless device ID 345a in one or more messages) for at least a period of time, such as for a duration of a session between the reader device 350a and the wireless device 315a or for some other period of time.
[0097] Referring to FIG. 3B, in some implementations, in response to the reader device 350b receiving a signal from a network entity to locate or otherwise communicate with a particular wireless device, such as the wireless device 315b, the reader device 350a may transmit a first message 320b include a select or unicast query command and addressed to the wireless device 315b (the type of wireless device command included in the first message 320b need not be limited to a select or unicast query command and, instead, may include other types of wireless device commands, such as read, write, kill, lock, sleep, or other wireless device commands) . In this example, however, rather than the reader device 350b requesting the wireless device 315b to allocate second identification information, the reader device 350b may allocate the second identification information itself. For instance, the reader device 350b may allocate a second wireless device ID 345b for temporary communication with the wireless device 315b and may indicate the second wireless device ID 345b to the wireless device 315b. In some cases, the second wireless device ID 345b allocated by the reader device 350b may be a second wireless device ID that was previously negotiated or allocated for communication between the reader device 350b and the wireless device 315b. For instance, in some cases, such as when the second wireless device ID 345b remains valid (e.g., such as a duration of time for use of the second wireless device ID 345b has not expired) the reader device 350b may allocate a previous second wireless device ID 345b. In other cases, the reader device 350b may allocate a new second wireless device ID 345b.
[0098] The reader device 350b may indicate the second wireless device ID 345b in a first message 320a. The first message 320b may be comprised of a preamble portion 320b-a, a cast type portion 320b-b, a control portion 320b-c, and a data portion 320b-c. The first message 320b may additionally, or alternatively, include one or more other portions not mentioned. The first message 320b may be otherwise similar to the first message 320a of FIG. 3A, except rather than including an indication of a request for second identification information associated with the wireless device 315b, the first message 320b may instead include the second wireless ID 345b allocated by the reader device 350b.
[0099] The second wireless device ID 345b allocated by the reader device 350b may be of a bit length selected by the reader device 350b. As described with reference to FIG. 3A, the bit length 360 for the second wireless device ID 345b may be selected from a plurality of candidate bit lengths based on the type of reader device 350b, a quantity of wireless devices in a coverage area of the reader device 350b, a cast type associated with one or more messages to be communicated between the reader device 350b and the wireless device 315b, an identity of the wireless device 315b, or a combination thereof. The second wireless device ID 345b having the selected bit length may be indicated in the data portion 320b-d of the first message 320b or, alternatively, in the control portion of the 320b-c of the first message 320b. In some cases, the bit length may additionally be included in the first message 320b.
[0100] Upon receiving the first message 320b from the reader device 350b, the wireless device 315b may determine whether the first message 320b is intended for the wireless device 315b by comparing the first wireless device ID 340a included in the first message 320b to its own identification information. If there is at least a partial match, the wireless device 315b may determine that the first message 320b is intended for the wireless device 315b and may further detect the second wireless device ID 345b having the selected bit length. In some cases, such as when the wireless device 315b is capable of supporting a maximum of a single second wireless device ID, receipt of the first message 320b including the second wireless device ID 345b allocated by the reader device 350b may invalidate any previously allocated second wireless device ID used for previous communication between the reader device 350b and the wireless device 315b. In some examples, a reader may transmit a control message to configure a tag with a new L1-ID, which may also explicitly or implicitly indicate that a previous L1-ID of the tag is invalid.
[0101] The wireless device 315b may transmit, to the reader device 350b, a second message 330b including an indication of the second wireless device ID 345b allocated by the reader device 350b and included in the first message 320b. The second message 330b may be comprised of a preamble portion 330b-a and a data portion 330b-b. The second message 330b may be similar to the second message 330a of FIG. 3A, except that the second wireless device ID 345b included in the feedback 355b may be the second wireless device ID 345b allocated by the reader device 350b.
[0102] The reader device 350b may receive the second message 330b including the second wireless device ID 345b. Receipt of the second message 330b by the reader device 350b may be an indication that the first message 320b, and the second wireless device ID 345b included therein, were successfully received by the wireless device 315b. After the second message 330b is received by the reader device 350b, the reader device 350b and the wireless device 315b may communicate (e.g., transmit or receive one or more messages) with each other using the second wireless device ID 345b (such as including the second wireless device ID 345b in one or more messages) for at least a period of time, such as for a duration of a session between the reader device 350b and the target wireless device 315b or for some other period of time.
[0103] FIGs. 4A and 4B show examples of a signal flow 400a and a signal flow 400b that support techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems during an inventory procedure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some aspects, the signal flows 400a and 400b may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications systems 100 or 200, as described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2, respectively. The signal flow 400a may illustrate the flow of signals between a wireless device 415a and a reader device 450a. The signal flow 400b may illustrate the flow of signals between a wireless device 415b and a reader device 450b. The wireless devices 415a and 415b may be examples of one of the wireless devices 215, the wireless device 315a, or the wireless device 315b, as described with reference to FIGs. 2, 3A, and 3B. The reader devices 450a and 450b may be examples of the UE reader device 250-a, the base station reader device 250-b, the reader device 350a, or reader device 350b, as described with reference to FIGs. 2, 3A, or 3B.
[0104] Referring to FIG. 4A, in some implementations, in response to the reader device 450a receiving a signal from a network entity to inventory (e.g., identify) wireless devices in a coverage area of the reader device 450a, the reader device 450a may transmit an initial message (such as an inventory message including a query command (e.g., the initial message 210 described with reference to FIG. 2) ) signaling wireless devices in a coverage area of the reader device 450a to respond to the message. In some cases, one or more wireless devices, such as the wireless device 415a, may respond to the inventory message by sending a first message 420a back to the reader device 450a.
[0105] The first message 420a may be comprised of a preamble portion 420a-a and a data portion 420a-c. The first message 420a may additionally, or alternatively, include one or more other portions not mentioned. In some cases, the first message 420a may be an example of the first message 220 described with reference to FIG. 2. To identify the wireless device 415a responding to the inventory message, the first message 420a may include an indication of a first wireless device ID 440a associated with the wireless device 415a. The first wireless device ID 440a may be the long ID described with reference to FIG. 2 (e.g., an EPC ID having, for example, 96 bits to uniquely identify the wireless device 315b within a group of wireless devices) . In response to receiving the inventory message from the reader device 450a, the wireless device 415a may transmit the first message 420a, including the first wireless device ID 440a, to the reader device 450a so that the reader device 450a may identify the responding wireless device 415a.
[0106] Upon receiving the first message 420a, the reader device 450a may allocate a second wireless device ID 445a for further communication between the reader device 450a and the wireless device 415a. The second wireless device ID 445a may be the short ID described with reference to FIG. 2 (e.g., L1-ID) . In some cases, the second wireless device ID 445a allocated by the reader device 450b may be a wireless device ID that was previously negotiated or allocated for communication between the reader device 450a and the wireless device 415a. For instance, in some cases, such as when the second wireless device ID 445a remains valid (e.g., such as a duration of time for use of the second wireless device ID 445a has not expired) the reader device 450a may allocate a previous second wireless device ID 445a. In other cases, the reader device 450a may allocate a new second wireless device ID 445a. For example, the reader device 450a may determine a bit length for the second wireless device ID 445a, such as described with reference to FIGs. 3A and 3B, and may allocate the second wireless device ID 445a having the determined bit length.
[0107] The reader device 450a may transmit a second message 430a to the wireless device 415a including an indication of the first wireless device ID 440a and an indication of the second wireless device ID 445a having the determined bit length. In some cases, such as during inventory contention resolution, the first wireless device ID 440a transmitted with the allocated second wireless device ID 445a may be a CRI, a global identifier of the wireless device identifier, or other identifier that may uniquely identify the wireless device 415a (such as the long ID described in reference to FIG. 2) . Inclusion of the first wireless device ID 440a in this manner may mitigate ID contention issues when the second message 430a is received at one or more wireless devices in a coverage area of the reader device 450a by ensuring that the second message 430a is uniquely addressed to the targeted wireless device, such as the wireless device 415a.
[0108] In some cases, the reader device 450a may transmit a second message 430a that includes an indication of the first wireless device ID 440a, but omits an indication of the second wireless device ID 445a. Omission of the second wireless device ID 445a may be an indication for the wireless device 415a to reuse a previously allocated second wireless device ID.
[0109] The second message 430a may be similar to the second message 330b of FIG. 3B. The second message 430a may be transmitted via a PRDCH (or in some cases may be included in a MAC-CE) . The second message 430a may be comprised of a preamble portion 430a-a, a cast type portion 430a-b, a control portion 430a-c, and a data portion 430a-c. The second message 430a may additionally, or alternatively, include one or more other portions not mentioned. The first wireless device ID 440a or the second wireless device ID 445a may be included in one or more portions (e.g., a data portion 430a-c or a control portion 430a-c) of the second message 430a, such as described with reference to FIG. 3B. In some cases, the bit length associated with the second wireless device ID 445a may also be included in the second message 430a.
[0110] The wireless device 415a may receive the second message 430a and may determine that the second message 430a is intended for the wireless device 415a based on determining at least a partial match between the first wireless device ID 440a included therein and identification information of the wireless device 415a. Thereafter, the reader device 450a and the wireless device 415a may communicate (e.g., transmit or receive one or more messages) with each other using the second wireless device ID 445a (such as including the second wireless device ID 445a in one or more messages) for at least a period of time, such as for a duration of a session between the reader device 450a and the wireless device 415a or for some other period of time.
[0111] Referring to FIG. 4B, in some implementations in response to the reader device 450b receiving a signal from a network entity to inventory wireless devices in a coverage area of the reader device 450b, the reader device 450b may transmit an initial message (such as an inventory message) signaling wireless devices in a coverage area of the reader device 450b to respond to the message. In some cases, one or more wireless devices, such as the wireless device 415b, may respond to the inventory message by sending a first message 420b back to the reader device 450b. In this example, however, rather than the reader device 450b allocating the second identification information, the wireless device 415b may allocate the second identification information itself upon receiving the inventory message from the reader device 450.
[0112] For instance, the wireless device 415b may allocate a second wireless device ID 445b for temporary communication with the reader device 450b and may indicate the second wireless device ID 445b to the reader device 450b in response to being inventoried. For instance, in response to receiving, from the reader device 450b, an inventory message (such as the initial message 210 described in reference to FIG. 2) signaling wireless devices in a coverage area of the reader device 450b to respond to the inventory message, the wireless device 415b may send a first message 420b back to the reader device 450b to identify itself as being in a coverage area of the reader device 450b.
[0113] The first message 420b may be comprised of a preamble portion 420b-a and a data portion 420b-c. The first message 420b may additionally, or alternatively, include one or more other portions not mentioned. In some cases, the first message 420b may be an example of the first message 220 described with reference to FIG. 2. To identify the wireless device 415b responding to the inventory message, the first message 420b may include an indication of a first wireless device ID 440b associated with the wireless device 415b. The first wireless device ID 440b may be the long ID described with reference to FIG. 2 (e.g., an EPC ID) . The first message 420b may further include an indication of the second wireless device ID 445b to be used for further temporary communication between the wireless device 415b and the reader device 450b. The second wireless device ID 445b may be the short ID described with reference to FIG. 2 (e.g., an L1-ID) .
[0114] In some cases, the second wireless device ID 445b allocated by the wireless device 415b may be a wireless device ID that was previously negotiated or allocated for communication between the reader device 450b and the wireless device 415b. For instance, in some cases, such as when the second wireless device ID 445b remains valid (e.g., such as a duration of time for use of the second wireless device ID 445b has not expired) the wireless device 415b may allocate a previous second wireless device ID 445b. Additionally, or alternatively, in some cases, the inventory message (such as the initial message 210 described with reference to FIG. 2 or other forward link control message) may include an indication (e.g., one or more bits of a control portion of the inventory message) of whether the wireless device 415 should reuse a previously allocated second wireless device ID, or may include an indication of duration of validity of a previously allocated second wireless device ID. In some cases, the inventory message may include a dedicated command that indicates the validity (e.g., a validity for reuse) of a previously allocated second wireless device ID.
[0115] In other cases, the wireless device 415b may allocate a new second wireless device ID 445b. For instance, in some cases, the inventory message may include a dedicated command indicating that a previously allocated second wireless device ID is invalid and is not to be reused. For example, if the previously allocated second wireless device ID is valid for a maximum of one session, then the inventory message may include a “session end” command to signal an end of session and signal that the previously allocated second wireless device ID is no longer valid. In some cases, dedicated command may be a unicast, groupcast, a groupcast command indicating multiple unicast wireless devices, or a broadcast command. In some cases, reception of the inventory message triggers an invalidation of a previously allocated second wireless device ID. For example, when a new reader devices transmits an inventory message, command, or both, to the tag, the previously allocated second wireless device ID (e.g., the previous L1-ID) may be invalid.
[0116] For example, the wireless device 415b may determine a bit length for the second wireless device ID 445b, such as described with reference to FIGs. 3A and 3B, and may allocate the second wireless device ID 445b having the determined bit length. In some cases, the bit length associated with the second wireless device ID 445a may also be included in the first message 420b.
[0117] Accordingly, in response to receiving the inventory message from the reader device 450b, the wireless device 415b may transmit the first message 420b, including the first wireless device ID 440b and the second wireless device ID 445b, to the reader device 450b so that the reader device 450b may identify the responding wireless device 415b.
[0118] Upon receiving the first message 420b, the reader device 450b may transmit a second message 430b including an indication of the first wireless device ID 440b, the second wireless device ID 445b allocated by the wireless device 415b and included in the first message 420b, or both. The second message 430b may be an acknowledgment that the reader device 450b successfully received the first message 420b and the second wireless device ID 445b therein. The second message 430b may be similar to the second message 330b of FIG. 3B. The second message 430b may be transmitted via a PRDCH (or in some cases may be included in a MAC-CE) . The second message 430a may be comprised of a preamble portion 430b-a, a cast type portion 430b-b, a control portion 430b-c, and a data portion 430b-c. The second message 430b may additionally, or alternatively, include one or more other portions not mentioned. The first wireless device ID 440b and the second wireless device ID 445b may be included in one or more portions (e.g., a data portion 430b-c or a control portion 430b-c) of the second message 430b, such as described with reference to FIG. 3B.
[0119] The wireless device 415b may receive the second message 430b and may determine that the second message 430b is intended for the wireless device 415b based on determining at least a partial match between the first wireless device ID 440b included therein and identification information of the wireless device 415b. Thereafter, the reader device 450b and the wireless device 415b may communicate (e.g., transmit or receive one or more messages) with each other using the second wireless device ID 445b (such as including the second wireless device ID 445b in one or more messages) for at least a period of time, such as for a duration of a session between the reader device 450b and the wireless device 415b or for some other period of time.
[0120] FIG. 5 shows an example of a signal flow 500 that supports techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some aspects, the process flow 500 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications systems 100 and 200, and signal flows 300a, 300b, 400a, and 400b as described with reference to FIGs. 1, 2, 3A, 3B, 4A, and 4B respectively. The process flow 500 may illustrate the flow of signals between a reader device 550 and a wireless device 515. In the following description of the process flow 500, the communications between the reader device 550 and the wireless device 515 may be transmitted in a different order than the example order shown, or the operations performed by the reader device 550 and the wireless device 515 may be performed in different orders or at different times. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow 500, and other operations may be added to the process flow 500. In some examples, the operations illustrated in process flow 500 may be performed by hardware (e.g., including circuitry, processing blocks, logic components, and other components) , code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. Alternative examples of the following may be implemented, where some steps are performed in a different order than described or are not performed at all. In some cases, steps may include additional features not mentioned below, or further steps may be added.
[0121] At step 510, the reader device 550 may allocate a second wireless device ID to the wireless device 515 for temporary communication between the devices. For example, as described with reference to FIGs. 3B and 4A, the reader device 550 may locate or inventory (e.g., select or query) the wireless device 515 and transmit a message (e.g., the first message 320b of FIG. 3B or second message 430a of FIG. 4A) including an indication of a second wireless device ID having a bit length selected from a plurality of different bit lengths. The second wireless device ID may be an example of the short ID (e.g., L1-ID) described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0122] At step 520, after allocating the second wireless device ID, the wireless device 515 and the reader device 550 may communicate (e.g., transmit or receive one or more messages) with each other using the second wireless device ID (such as including the second wireless device ID in one or more messages) for at least a period of time, such as for a duration of a session between the reader device 550 and the wireless device 515 or for some other period of time.
[0123] At step 530, the wireless device 515 may move to a new location. For example, the wireless device 515 may move to a new location that it outside of a coverage area of the reader device 550. In such cases, the reader device 550 may not be aware that the wireless device 515 has moved outside of its coverage area.
[0124] At step 540, the reader device 550 may attempt to communicate with the wireless device 515 (such as to send a command to the wireless device 515, e.g., a read, query, write, allo_req_new_L1_ID, or other command) after the wireless device 515 has moved locations and may receive no response from the wireless device 515 or in some cases may receive a NACK message from the wireless device 515. A timer or a counter may be configured at the reader device 550 and the reader device 550 may attempt the communication a threshold quantity of times (e.g., a first threshold quantity of times) or for a threshold amount of time (e.g. a first threshold amount of time) . In some cases, the reader device 550 may receive one or more signals from the wireless device 515 (such as one or more backlink signals) , and the reader device 550 may measure the one or more received signals. For instance, the reader device 550 may measure a reference signal received power (RSRP) , a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , a received signal strength indicator (RRSI) , or other signal metric associated with a strength or quality of the one or more received signal from the wireless device 515 (e.g., measure one or more backward link signals, one or more forward link signals, or both) . The reader device 550 may determine whether the signal metric falls below a signal quality threshold for a threshold quantity of (e.g., contiguous) times (e.g., a second threshold quantity of times) or for a threshold amount of time (e.g. a second threshold amount of time) .
[0125] At step 550, if the attempted communication at step 540 is unsuccessful for the first threshold quantity of times or for the first threshold amount of time, or if one or more signal metrics associated with one or more received signals from the wireless device 515 fall below the signal quality threshold for a second threshold quantity of times or for the second threshold amount of time, the reader device 550 may determine that the session has ended, or that the session cannot be maintained, and that the second wireless device ID is, therefore, no longer valid. The reader device 550 may then recycle the second wireless device ID (e.g., for use by another wireless device) .
[0126] In some implementations, the above steps and operations of signal flow 500 may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by different devices. For instance, in some implementation, at step 510, the wireless device 515 may allocate the second device ID to the reader device 550 (such as described with reference to FIGs. 3A and 4B) . In such implementations, a timer and counter may be configured at the wireless device 515, and at step 540, the wireless device 515 may determine whether an attempted communication to the reader device 550 was unsuccessful for the first threshold quantity of times or for the second threshold amount of time, or whether one or more signal metrics associated with one or more signals from the reader device 550 (e.g., forward link signals) fall below a signal quality threshold for the second threshold quantity times or for the second threshold amount of time. If so, then at step 550, the wireless device 515 may determine that the session has ended, or cannot be maintained, and that the second wireless device ID is, therefore, no longer valid. The wireless device 515 may, as a consequence, recycle the second wireless device ID.
[0127] FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communications manager 620. The device 605, or one or more components of the device 605 (e.g., the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, the communications manager 620) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0128] The receiver 610 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 605. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0129] The transmitter 615 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 605. For example, the transmitter 615 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems) . In some examples, the transmitter 615 may be co-located with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 615 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0130] The communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems as described herein. For example, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0131] In some examples, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0132] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0133] In some examples, the communications manager 620 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both. For example, the communications manager 620 may receive information from the receiver 610, send information to the transmitter 615, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0134] The communications manager 620 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating, via a physical layer channel, a first message including a first indication of a first wireless device identifier associated with a wireless device, the first message further including a request for a second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device or a second indication of the second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device, the second wireless device identifier including a bit length selected from a set of multiple different bit lengths based on a type of the reader device or an identity of the wireless device. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating, based on at least a partial match of the first wireless device identifier and an identifier associated with the wireless device, one or more messages including the second wireless device identifier having the bit length.
[0135] By including or configuring the communications manager 620 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 605 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, the communications manager 620, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for reduced processing, reduced power consumption, and more efficient utilization of communication resources.
[0136] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of a device 605 or a UE 115 or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communications manager 720. The device 705, or one of more components of the device 705 (e.g., the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communications manager 720) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0137] The receiver 710 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0138] The transmitter 715 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems) . In some examples, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with a receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0139] The device 705, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720 may include a wireless device identification manager 725 a message manager 730, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 720 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 620 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 720, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communications manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, send information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0140] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The wireless device identification manager 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating, via a physical layer channel, a first message including a first indication of a first wireless device identifier associated with a wireless device, the first message further including a request for a second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device or a second indication of the second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device, the second wireless device identifier including a bit length selected from a set of multiple different bit lengths based on a type of the reader device or an identity of the wireless device. The message manager 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating, based on at least a partial match of the first wireless device identifier and an identifier associated with the wireless device, one or more messages including the second wireless device identifier having the bit length.
[0141] In some cases, the wireless device identification manager 725 and the message manager 730 may each be or be at least a part of a processor (e.g., a transceiver processor, or a radio processor, or a transmitter processor, or a receiver processor) . The processor may be coupled with memory and execute instructions stored in the memory that enable the processor to perform or facilitate the features of the wireless device identification manager 725 and the message manager 730 discussed herein. A transceiver processor may be collocated with and / or communicate with (e.g., direct the operations of) a transceiver of the device. A radio processor may be collocated with and / or communicate with (e.g., direct the operations of) a radio (e.g., an NR radio, an LTE radio, a Wi-Fi radio) of the device. A transmitter processor may be collocated with and / or communicate with (e.g., direct the operations of) a transmitter of the device. A receiver processor may be collocated with and / or communicate with (e.g., direct the operations of) a receiver of the device.
[0142] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a communications manager 820 that supports techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 820 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 620, a communications manager 720, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 820, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems as described herein. For example, the communications manager 820 may include a wireless device identification manager 825, a message manager 830, a session manager 835, a configuration manager 840, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0143] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The wireless device identification manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating, via a physical layer channel, a first message including a first indication of a first wireless device identifier associated with a wireless device, the first message further including a request for a second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device or a second indication of the second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device, the second wireless device identifier including a bit length selected from a set of multiple different bit lengths based on a type of the reader device or an identity of the wireless device. The message manager 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating, based on at least a partial match of the first wireless device identifier and an identifier associated with the wireless device, one or more messages including the second wireless device identifier having the bit length.
[0144] In some examples, the first message further includes a third indication of the bit length.
[0145] In some examples, the bit length for the second wireless device identifier is further selected based on a cast type of at least one of the one or more messages. In some examples, the cast type includes unicast, broadcast, or groupcast.
[0146] In some examples, based on the type of the reader device being a UE reader device, a first bit length is selected. In some examples, based on the type of the reader device being a base station reader device, a second bit length is selected.
[0147] In some examples, the first bit length includes fewer bits than the second bit length.
[0148] In some examples, the session manager 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for establishing, based on reception of the second indication of the second wireless device identifier, a current session with the wireless device, where communicating the one or more messages includes communicating, for a duration of the current session, the one or more messages including the second wireless device identifier having the bit length.
[0149] In some examples, the configuration manager 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a network entity, configuration information indicating a lookup table including an association between identification information for a set of multiple wireless devices and a respective bit length for each of the set of multiple wireless devices, where the bit length for the second wireless device identifier is further selected based on the lookup table.
[0150] In some examples, communicating the first message includes transmitting the first message including the request for the second wireless device identifier. In some examples, the first message further includes a third indication of whether to reuse a previous second wireless identifier or generate a new second wireless identifier.
[0151] In some examples, communicating the first message includes receiving the first message including the request for the second wireless device identifier. In some examples, the wireless device identification manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, via the physical layer channel, a second message including an indication of the first wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device and omitting an indication of the second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device. In some examples, the second wireless device identifier included in the one or more messages includes a previous second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0152] In some examples, the second wireless device identifier is configured by the wireless device, the reader device, or a network entity.
[0153] In some examples, the wireless device identification manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the wireless device, a second message including a session end command, where the session end command indicates that the second wireless device identifier is no longer valid.
[0154] In some examples, the second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device invalidates a previous second wireless identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0155] In some examples, the wireless device identification manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for allocating, based on performing contention resolution during an inventory procedure, a new second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device, where the new second wireless device identifier includes CRI, a unique wireless device identifier, or a global wireless device identifier. In some examples, the message manager 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating one or more additional messages including the new second wireless device identifier.
[0156] In some cases, the wireless device identification manager 825, the message manager 830, the session manager 835, and the configuration manager 840 may each be or be at least a part of a processor (e.g., a transceiver processor, or a radio processor, or a transmitter processor, or a receiver processor) . The processor may be coupled with memory and execute instructions stored in the memory that enable the processor to perform or facilitate the features of the wireless device identification manager 825, the message manager 830, the session manager 835, and the configuration manager 840 discussed herein.
[0157] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system 900 including a device 905 that supports techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of or include components of a device 605, a device 705, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 905 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more other devices (e.g., network entities 105, UEs 115, or a combination thereof) . The device 905 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 920, an input / output (I / O) controller, such as an I / O controller 910, a transceiver 915, one or more antennas 925, at least one memory 930, code 935, and at least one processor 940. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 945) .
[0158] The I / O controller 910 may manage input and output signals for the device 905. The I / O controller 910 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 905. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 910 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 940. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 905 via the I / O controller 910 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 910.
[0159] In some cases, the device 905 may include a single antenna. However, in some other cases, the device 905 may have more than one antenna, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 915 may communicate bi-directionally via the one or more antennas 925 using wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 915 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 915 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 925 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 925. The transceiver 915, or the transceiver 915 and one or more antennas 925, may be an example of a transmitter 615, a transmitter 715, a receiver 610, a receiver 710, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0160] The at least one memory 930 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 930 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 935. The code 935 may include instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 940, cause the device 905 to perform various functions described herein. The code 935 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 935 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 940 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 930 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0161] The at least one processor 940 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 940 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 940. The at least one processor 940 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 930) to cause the device 905 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems) . For example, the device 905 or a component of the device 905 may include at least one processor 940 and at least one memory 930 coupled with or to the at least one processor 940, the at least one processor 940 and the at least one memory 930 configured to perform various functions described herein.
[0162] In some examples, the at least one processor 940 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 930 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 940 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 940) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 930) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 940 or a processing system including the at least one processor 940 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 905 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code 935 (e.g., processor-executable code) stored in the at least one memory 930 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0163] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating, via a physical layer channel, a first message including a first indication of a first wireless device identifier associated with a wireless device, the first message further including a request for a second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device or a second indication of the second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device, the second wireless device identifier including a bit length selected from a set of multiple different bit lengths based on a type of the reader device or an identity of the wireless device. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating, based on at least a partial match of the first wireless device identifier and an identifier associated with the wireless device, one or more messages including the second wireless device identifier having the bit length.
[0164] By including or configuring the communications manager 920 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 905 may support techniques for improved communication reliability, reduced latency, more efficient utilization of communication resources, and improved coordination between devices.
[0165] In some examples, the communications manager 920 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 915, the one or more antennas 925, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 920 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 920 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 940, the at least one memory 930, the code 935, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 935 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 940 to cause the device 905 to perform various aspects of techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems as described herein, or the at least one processor 940 and the at least one memory 930 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0166] FIG. 10 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1000 that supports techniques for enhancement of L1 identification of AIoT devices in wireless communications systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0167] At 1005, the method may include communicating, via a physical layer channel, a first message including a first indication of a first wireless device identifier associated with a wireless device, the first message further including a request for a second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device or a second indication of the second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device, the second wireless device identifier including a bit length selected from a set of multiple different bit lengths based on a type of the reader device or an identity of the wireless device. The operations of 1005 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1005 may be performed by a wireless device identification manager 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0168] At 1010, the method may include communicating, based on at least a partial match of the first wireless device identifier and an identifier associated with the wireless device, one or more messages including the second wireless device identifier having the bit length. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by a message manager 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0169] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0170] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication by a reader device, comprising: communicating, via a physical layer channel, a first message comprising a first indication of a first wireless device identifier associated with a wireless device, the first message further comprising a request for a second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device or a second indication of the second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device, the second wireless device identifier comprising a bit length selected from a plurality of different bit lengths based at least in part on a type of the reader device or an identity of the wireless device; and communicating, based at least in part on at least a partial match of the first wireless device identifier and an identifier associated with the wireless device, one or more messages comprising the second wireless device identifier having the bit length.
[0171] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein the first message further comprises a third indication of the bit length.
[0172] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, wherein the bit length for the second wireless device identifier is further selected based at least in part on a cast type of at least one of the one or more messages, and the cast type comprises unicast, broadcast, or groupcast.
[0173] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 1 through 3, wherein based at least in part on the type of the reader device being a UE reader device, a first bit length is selected, or based at least in part on the type of the reader device being a base station reader device, a second bit length is selected.
[0174] Aspect 5: The method of aspect 4, wherein the first bit length comprises fewer bits than the second bit length.
[0175] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, further comprising: establishing, based at least in part on reception of the second indication of the second wireless device identifier, a current session with the wireless device, wherein communicating the one or more messages comprises communicating, for a duration of the current session, the one or more messages comprising the second wireless device identifier having the bit length.
[0176] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 1 through 6, further comprising: receiving, from a network entity, configuration information indicating a lookup table comprising an association between identification information for a plurality of wireless devices and a respective bit length for each of the plurality of wireless devices, wherein the bit length for the second wireless device identifier is further selected based at least in part on the lookup table.
[0177] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 7, wherein communicating the first message comprises transmitting the first message comprising the request for the second wireless device identifier, and the first message further comprises a third indication of whether to reuse a previous second wireless identifier or generate a new second wireless identifier.
[0178] Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 1 through 8, wherein communicating the first message comprises receiving the first message comprising the request for the second wireless device identifier, the method further comprising: transmitting, via the physical layer channel, a second message comprising an indication of the first wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device and omitting an indication of the second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device, wherein communicating the one or more messages comprising the second wireless device identifier comprises communicating the one or more messages comprising a previous second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0179] Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 1 through 9, wherein the second wireless device identifier is configured by the wireless device, the reader device, or a network entity.
[0180] Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 1 through 10, further comprising: transmitting, to the wireless device, a second message comprising a session end command, wherein the session end command indicates that the second wireless device identifier is no longer valid.
[0181] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 1 through 11, wherein the second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device invalidates a previous second wireless identifier associated with the wireless device.
[0182] Aspect 13: The method of any of aspects 1 through 12, further comprising: allocating, based at least in part on performing contention resolution during an inventory procedure, a new second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device, wherein the new second wireless device identifier comprises a contention resolution ID (CRI) , a unique wireless device identifier, or a global wireless device identifier; and communicating one or more additional messages using the new second wireless device identifier.
[0183] Aspect 14: A reader device for wireless communication, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 13.
[0184] Aspect 15: A reader device for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 13.
[0185] Aspect 16: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 13.
[0186] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations. The operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0187] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0188] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0189] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a GPU, an NPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0190] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0191] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0192] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0193] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “a component” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “a component” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0194] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining, and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) , and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0195] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label or other subsequent reference label.
[0196] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some figures, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0197] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A reader device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the reader device to:communicate, via a physical layer channel, a first message comprising a first indication of a first wireless device identifier associated with a wireless device, the first message further comprising a request for a second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device or a second indication of the second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device, wherein the second wireless device identifier comprises a bit length selected from a plurality of different bit lengths based at least in part on a type of the reader device or an identity of the wireless device; andcommunicate, based at least in part on at least a partial match of the first wireless device identifier and an identifier associated with the wireless device, one or more messages comprising the second wireless device identifier having the bit length.2.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the first message further comprises a third indication of the bit length.3.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the bit length for the second wireless device identifier is further selected based at least in part on a cast type of at least one of the one or more messages, andwherein the cast type comprises unicast, broadcast, or groupcast.4.The reader device of claim 1, wherein, based at least in part on the type of the reader device being a user equipment (UE) reader device, a first bit length is selected, orwherein, based at least in part on the type of the reader device being a base station reader device, a second bit length is selected.5.The reader device of claim 4, wherein the first bit length comprises fewer bits than the second bit length.6.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further configured to cause the reader device to:establish, based at least in part on reception of the second indication of the second wireless device identifier, a current session with the wireless device, wherein the one or more messages comprising the second wireless device identifier having the bit length are communicated for a duration of the current session.7.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further configured to cause the reader device to:receive, from a network entity, configuration information indicating a lookup table comprising an association between identification information for a plurality of wireless devices and a respective bit length for each of the plurality of wireless devices, wherein the bit length for the second wireless device identifier is further selected based at least in part on the lookup table.8.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the reader device to communicate the first message by being individually or collectively configured to cause the reader device to:transmit the first message comprising the request for the second wireless device identifier, wherein the first message further comprises a third indication of whether to reuse a previous second wireless identifier or generate a new second wireless identifier.9.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the reader device to communicate the first message by being individually or collectively configured to cause the reader device to:receive the first message comprising the request for the second wireless device identifier,wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further configured to cause the reader device to:transmit, via the physical layer channel, a second message comprising an indication of the first wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device, wherein the second message omits an indication of the second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device, andwherein the second wireless device identifier included in the one or more messages comprises a previous second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device.10.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the second wireless device identifier is configured by the wireless device, the reader device, or a network entity.11.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further configured to cause the reader device to:transmit, to the wireless device, a second message comprising a session end command, wherein the session end command indicates that the second wireless device identifier is no longer valid.12.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device invalidates a previous second wireless identifier associated with the wireless device.13.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further configured to cause the reader device to:allocate, based at least in part on performance of contention resolution during an inventory procedure, a new second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device, wherein the new second wireless device identifier comprises a contention resolution ID (CRI) , a unique wireless device identifier, or a global wireless device identifier; andcommunicate one or more additional messages comprising the new second wireless device identifier.14.A method for wireless communication by a reader device, comprising:communicating, via a physical layer channel, a first message comprising a first indication of a first wireless device identifier associated with a wireless device, the first message further comprising a request for a second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device or a second indication of the second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device, the second wireless device identifier comprising a bit length selected from a plurality of different bit lengths based at least in part on a type of the reader device or an identity of the wireless device; andcommunicating, based at least in part on at least a partial match of the first wireless device identifier and an identifier associated with the wireless device, one or more messages comprising the second wireless device identifier having the bit length.15.The method of claim 14, wherein the first message further comprises a third indication of the bit length.16.The method of claim 14, wherein the bit length for the second wireless device identifier is further selected based at least in part on a cast type of at least one of the one or more messages, andwherein the cast type comprises unicast, broadcast, or groupcast.17.The method of claim 14, wherein, based at least in part on the type of the reader device being a user equipment (UE) reader device, a first bit length is selected, orwherein, based at least in part on the type of the reader device being a base station reader device, a second bit length is selected, wherein the first bit length comprises fewer bits than the second bit length.18.The method of claim 14, further comprising:establishing, based at least in part on reception of the second indication of the second wireless device identifier, a current session with the wireless device, wherein communicating the one or more messages comprises communicating, for a duration of the current session, the one or more messages comprising the second wireless device identifier having the bit length.19.The method of claim 14, further comprising:receiving, from a network entity, configuration information indicating a lookup table comprising an association between identification information for a plurality of wireless devices and a respective bit length for each of the plurality of wireless devices, wherein the bit length for the second wireless device identifier is further selected based at least in part on the lookup table.20.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors of a reader device to:communicate, via a physical layer channel, a first message comprising a first indication of a first wireless device identifier associated with a wireless device, the first message further comprising a request for a second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device or a second indication of the second wireless device identifier associated with the wireless device, the second wireless device identifier comprising a bit length selected from a plurality of different bit lengths based at least in part on a type of the reader device or an identity of the wireless device; andcommunicate, based at least in part on at least a partial match of the first wireless device identifier and an identifier associated with the wireless device, one or more messages comprising the second wireless device identifier having the bit length.
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