Link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring
By enabling UEs to report their capabilities for RSRP, SINR, and BLER measurements, wireless communication systems optimize resource allocation and AI/ML model usage, enhancing beam prediction performance and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/086237
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-09
AI Technical Summary
Wireless communication systems face inefficiencies in beam prediction performance monitoring due to network entities being unaware of the UE's capabilities for RSRP, SINR, and BLER measurements, leading to suboptimal resource allocation and ineffective use of AI/ML models.
User Equipment (UE) transmits a capability report to the network entity indicating support for link-quality-related monitoring schemes, allowing the network to schedule appropriate reference signal measurements based on UE capabilities and conditions, optimizing resource use and enabling efficient AI/ML model activation.
Enhances resource efficiency and reliability in wireless communications by aligning reference signal monitoring with UE capabilities, improving beam prediction accuracy and reducing overhead.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024086237_09102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
LINK-QUALITY-RELATED BEAM PREDICTION PERFORMANCE MONITORING
[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The following relates to wireless communications, including link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .SUMMARY
[0004] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring. For example, the described techniques provide for a user equipment (UE) transmitting a report to a network entity indicating UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring. In some cases, each one of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes may also be associated with a corresponding set of conditions. The UE may then receive and monitor a set of reference signals from the network entity in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE that is indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions. Further, the UE may modify one or more communication parameters based on monitoring the set of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme.
[0005] A method for wireless communications UE is described. The method may include transmitting, to a network entity, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions, monitoring, from the network entity, a set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions, and modify one or more communication parameters based on monitoring the set of multiple reference signals.
[0006] A UE for wireless communications is described. The UE may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the UE to transmit, to a network entity, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions, monitor, from the network entity, a set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions, and modify one or more communication parameters based on monitoring the set of multiple reference signals.
[0007] Another UE for wireless communications is described. The UE may include means for transmitting, to a network entity, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions, means for monitoring, from the network entity, a set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions, and means for modify one or more communication parameters based on monitoring the set of multiple reference signals.
[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to transmit, to a network entity, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions, monitor, from the network entity, a set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions, and modify one or more communication parameters based on monitoring the set of multiple reference signals.
[0009] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the network entity, a UE capability report that indicates the UE support for the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, a preference report that indicates that the UE supports the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes and may have a preference at least one monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, or a combination thereof.
[0010] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the network entity, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations from the set of multiple reference signals, where monitoring the set of multiple reference signals includes performing the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations based on receiving the indication.
[0011] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the network entity, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations via a set of multiple interference measurement resources and monitoring, from the network entity, the set of multiple interference measurement resources in accordance with the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report, where the set of multiple interference measurement resources may be used to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations.
[0012] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the network entity, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations and receiving, from the network entity to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations, a first indication of one or more synchronization signal set identifiers associated with the set of multiple reference signals, a second indication of one or more or more control resource set identifiers associated with the set of multiple reference signals, a third indication of one or more synchronization signal block identifiers associated with the set of multiple reference signals, or any combination thereof, where monitoring the set of multiple reference signals may be based at least in part receiving the first indication, the second indication, the third indication, or any combination thereof.
[0013] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, monitoring the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme may include operations, features, means, or instructions for monitoring, from the network entity, the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme based on a quantity of downlink channel structures, the quantity of the downlink channel structures being associated with one or more signal to interference noise ratios that may be based on one or more reference signal measurements.
[0014] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the network entity via an uplink message, the report indicating a preference for the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, where monitoring the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme may be based on indicating the preference for the monitoring scheme via the report.
[0015] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the uplink message may be a radio resource control message, a medium access control-control element, uplink control information message, or a combination thereof.
[0016] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the network entity, an indication to monitor the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes based on the report indicating UE support for the second monitoring scheme and a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes and monitoring, from the network entity, the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme based on receiving the indication.
[0017] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the network entity, the report indicating UE support for the first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes and transmitting, to the network entity via the report, an indication of UE support for the second monitoring scheme based on the report indicating the UE support for the first monitoring scheme, where monitoring the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme may be based on the indication of the UE support for the second monitoring scheme indicated via the report.
[0018] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, monitoring the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the network entity, an indication of a difference between a first reference signal measurement associated with a first reference signal of the set of multiple reference signals and a first reference signal measurement prediction associated with a second reference signal of the set of multiple reference signals that may be different from the first reference signal, an indication of a first average of one or more reference signal measurements associated with the first reference signal over a temporal window, an indication of a second average of one or more reference signal measurement predictions associated the second reference signal over the temporal window, an indication of a difference of the first average and the second average over the temporal window, or any combination thereof.
[0019] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, monitoring the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the network entity, an indication of one or more reference signal measurement thresholds for reference signal measurements performed in accordance with the second monitoring scheme, where monitoring the set of multiple reference signals may be based on receiving the indication.
[0020] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes may be associated with a reference signal receive power (RSRP) based performance monitoring scheme, a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes may be associated with a signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) based performance monitoring scheme, and a third monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes may be associated with a block error rate (BLER) based performance monitoring scheme.
[0021] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first monitoring scheme associated with the RSRP based performance monitoring scheme may be associated with a first corresponding set of conditions, the second monitoring scheme associated with the SINR based performance monitoring scheme may be associated with the first corresponding set of conditions and a second corresponding set of conditions, and the third monitoring scheme associated with the BLER based performance monitoring scheme may be associated with the second corresponding set of conditions.
[0022] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, both the RSRP based performance monitoring scheme and the SINR performance based monitoring scheme may be used for determining a transmission density of a set of measured beams and both the SINR based performance monitoring scheme and the BLER based performance monitoring scheme may be used for determining an activation of an artificial intelligence (AI) model (e.g., an AI / machine learning (ML model) , a deactivation of the AI model, or both.
[0023] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the BLER based performance monitoring scheme may be associated with a set of downlink channel structures, a set of broadcast channel structures, or both that correspond to a quantity of signal to interference noise ratio ranges that may be associated with a reference signal of the set of multiple reference signals associated with a reference signal measurement that satisfies a reference signal measurement threshold.
[0024] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the network entity, one or more indications associated with the corresponding set of conditions of each one of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report, where the one or more communication parameters may be modified based on the one or more indications.
[0025] A method for wireless communications by a network entity is described. The method may include receiving , from a UE, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions and transmitting, to the UE, a set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions.
[0026] A network entity for wireless communications is described. The network entity may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to receive , from a UE, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions and transmit, to the UE, a set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions.
[0027] Another network entity for wireless communications is described. The network entity may include means for receiving , from a UE, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions and means for transmitting, to the UE, a set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions.
[0028] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to receive , from a UE, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions and transmit, to the UE, a set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions.
[0029] In some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the UE, a UE capability report that indicates the UE support for the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, a preference report that indicates that the UE supports the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes and may have a preference at least one monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, or a combination thereof.
[0030] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the UE, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations from the set of multiple reference signals, where monitoring the set of multiple reference signals includes performing the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations based on receiving the indication.
[0031] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the UE, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations via a set of multiple interference measurement resources.
[0032] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the UE, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations and transmitting, to the UE to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations, a first indication of one or more synchronization signal set identifiers associated with the set of multiple reference signals, a second indication of one or more or more control resource set identifiers associated with the set of multiple reference signals, a third indication of one or more synchronization signal block identifiers associated with the set of multiple reference signals, or any combination thereof, where monitoring the set of multiple reference signals may be based at least in part receiving the first indication, the second indication, the third indication, or any combination thereof.
[0033] In some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the UE via an uplink message, the report indicating a preference for the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, where monitoring the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme may be based on indicating the preference for the monitoring scheme via the report.
[0034] In some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the uplink message may be a radio resource control message, a medium access control-control element, uplink control information message, or a combination thereof.
[0035] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the UE, an indication to monitor the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes based on the report indicating UE support for the second monitoring scheme and a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes.
[0036] In some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the report may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the UE, the report indicating UE support for the first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes and receiving, from the UE via the report, an indication of UE support for the second monitoring scheme based on the report indicating the UE support for the first monitoring scheme, where monitoring the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme may be based on the indication of the UE support for the second monitoring scheme indicated via the report.
[0037] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the UE, an indication of a difference between a first reference signal measurement associated with a first reference signal of the set of multiple reference signals and a first reference signal measurement prediction associated with a second reference signal of the set of multiple reference signals that may be different from the first reference signal, an indication of a first average of one or more reference signal measurements associated with the first reference signal over a temporal window, an indication of a second average of one or more reference signal measurement predictions associated the second reference signal over the temporal window, an indication of a difference of the first average and the second average over the temporal window, or any combination thereof.
[0038] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the UE, an indication of one or more reference signal measurement thresholds for reference signal measurements performed in accordance with the second monitoring scheme.
[0039] In some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes may be associated with a RSRP based performance monitoring scheme, a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes may be associated with a SINR based performance monitoring scheme, and a third monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes may be associated with a BLER based performance monitoring scheme.
[0040] In some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first monitoring scheme associated with the RSRP based performance monitoring scheme may be associated with a first corresponding set of conditions, the second monitoring scheme associated with the SINR based performance monitoring scheme may be associated with the first corresponding set of conditions and a second corresponding set of conditions, and the third monitoring scheme associated with the BLER based performance monitoring scheme may be associated with the second corresponding set of conditions.
[0041] In some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, both the RSRP based performance monitoring scheme and the SINR performance based monitoring scheme may be used for determining a transmission density of a set of measured beams and both the signal to interference based performance monitoring scheme and the BLER based performance monitoring scheme may be used for determining an activation of an AI model, a deactivation of the AI model, or both.
[0042] In some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the BLER based performance monitoring scheme may be associated with a set of downlink channel structures, a set of broadcast channel structures, or both that correspond to a quantity of signal to interference noise ratio ranges that may be associated with a reference signal of the set of multiple reference signals associated with a reference signal measurement that satisfies a reference signal measurement threshold.
[0043] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the UE, one or more indications associated with the corresponding set of conditions of each one of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report.
[0044] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for modifying one or more communication parameters based on receiving the one or more indications.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0045] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0046] FIG. 2 shows an example of a machine learning (ML) architecture that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0047] FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0048] FIG. 4 shows an example of a flowchart that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0049] FIG. 5 shows an example of a process flow that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0050] FIGs. 6 and 7 show block diagrams of devices that support link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0051] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0052] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0053] FIGs. 10 and 11 show block diagrams of devices that support link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0054] FIG. 12 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0055] FIG. 13 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0056] FIGs. 14 and 15 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0057] In some wireless communication systems, user equipments (UEs) may receive reference signals for link quality performance monitoring. For example, the UEs may perform reference signal receive power (RSRP) measurements, signal interference noise ratio (SINR) measurements, block error rate (BLER) measurements, or any combination thereof on the reference signals to determine the link quality of a downlink channel. To determine the link quality and performance of a downlink channel, the UE may use both predicted measurements and actual measurements. For example, a UE may use one or more artificial intelligence (AI) models, machine learning (ML) models, or both (e.g., AI / ML models) to predict one or more beam measurements. However, a network entity scheduling the reference signals for the UE to perform measurements on may be unaware of what type of measurements the UE may be capable of supporting. For example, the network entity may be unaware of whether the UE is capable of performing RSRP measurements, SINR measurements, BLER measurements, or a combination thereof. Therefore, the network entity may default to scheduling the UE to perform RSRP measurements. Although, while RSRP measurements may correspond with relatively low levels of complexity and overhead and can be effective in adjusting one or more parameters associated with beam predictions, RSRP measurements may be ineffective in adjusting parameters associated with an AI / ML model.
[0058] The techniques of the present disclosure may enable a UE to transmit a capability report or real-time preference report to a network entity to indicate whether the UE is capable of supporting RSRP based performance monitoring, SINR based performance monitoring, BLER performance monitoring, or any combination thereof. Therefore, the network may schedule the UE with one or more reference signals for performance monitoring to determine UE-side channel characteristic predictions. Further, there may be one or more conditions to each monitoring scheme. For example, for network-based, hybrid-based (e.g., a combination of network-based and UE based) , or UE-based performance monitoring BLER based methods, a UE may have a set of predefined downlink or broadcast channel assumptions that correspond to a set of SINR ranges identified from the strongest previously measured RSs. Further, for UE-based performance monitoring, SINR methods, BLER methods, or both may be used to determine whether an AI / ML model should be activated or deactivated. For example, SINR and BLER based measurements can be used to determine throughput loss and / or determine whether an AI / ML model should be activated or deactivated for performing beam predictions. Moreover, a UE may use RSRP based methods, and in some cases SINR based methods, to determine the accuracy of an AI / ML models predictions and may adjust or suggest adjustments of the spatial / temporal transmission density of a set of measured beams to provide more accurate AI / ML predictions. Therefore, transmitting the UE capabilities / preferences to a network entity, the network entity may be capable of scheduling the UE with a monitoring scheme that should be used for monitoring a set of reference signals, thus providing a more efficient use of resources leading to a more efficient and reliable wireless communication system.
[0059] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Additional aspects of the disclosure are described herein with reference to a ML architecture diagram, a wireless communications system, a flowchart, and a process flow. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring.
[0060] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more devices, such as one or more network devices (e.g., network entities 105) , one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0061] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link (s) 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish the communication link (s) 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0062] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices in the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., other wireless communication devices, including UEs 115 or network entities 105) , as shown in FIG. 1.
[0063] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0064] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with a core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link (s) 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) or one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0065] One or more of the network entities 105 or network equipment described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within one network entity (e.g., a network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0066] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among multiple network entities (e.g., network entities 105) , such as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , such as a CU 160, a distributed unit (DU) , such as a DU 165, a radio unit (RU) , such as an RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , such as an RIC 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, such as an SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more of the network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0067] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may be connected to a DU 165 (e.g., one or more DUs) or an RU 170 (e.g., one or more RUs) , or some combination thereof, and the DUs 165, RUs 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or multiple different RUs, such as an RU 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165 or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to a DU 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to an RU 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities (e.g., one or more of the network entities 105) that are in communication via such communication links.
[0068] In some wireless communications systems (e.g., the wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more of the network entities 105 (e.g., network entities 105 or IAB node (s) 104) may be partially controlled by each other. The IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. A DU 165 or an RU 170 may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a network entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or a donor base station) . The one or more donor entities (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node (s) 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) . IAB node (s) 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may be equipped with an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of IAB node (s) 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB node (s) 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node (s) 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104 or components of the IAB node (s) 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0069] For instance, an access network (AN) or RAN may include communications between access nodes (e.g., an IAB donor) , IAB node (s) 104, and one or more UEs 115. The IAB donor may facilitate connection between the core network 130 and the AN (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130) . That is, an IAB donor may refer to a RAN node with a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130. The IAB donor may include one or more of a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170, in which case the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface (e.g., a backhaul link) . The IAB donor and IAB node (s) 104 may communicate via an F1 interface according to a protocol that defines signaling messages (e.g., an F1 AP protocol) . Additionally, or alternatively, the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface, which may be an example of a portion of a backhaul link, and may communicate with other CUs (e.g., including a CU 160 associated with an alternative IAB donor) via an Xn-C interface, which may be an example of another portion of a backhaul link.
[0070] IAB node (s) 104 may refer to RAN nodes that provide IAB functionality (e.g., access for UEs 115, wireless self-backhauling capabilities) . A DU 165 may act as a distributed scheduling node towards child nodes associated with the IAB node (s) 104, and the IAB-MT may act as a scheduled node towards parent nodes associated with IAB node (s) 104. That is, an IAB donor may be referred to as a parent node in communication with one or more child nodes (e.g., an IAB donor may relay transmissions for UEs through other IAB node (s) 104) . Additionally, or alternatively, IAB node (s) 104 may also be referred to as parent nodes or child nodes to other IAB node (s) 104, depending on the relay chain or configuration of the AN. The IAB-MT entity of IAB node (s) 104 may provide a Uu interface for a child IAB node (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104) to receive signaling from a parent IAB node (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104) , and a DU interface (e.g., a DU 165) may provide a Uu interface for a parent IAB node to signal to a child IAB node or UE 115.
[0071] For example, IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as parent nodes that support communications for child IAB nodes, or may be referred to as child IAB nodes associated with IAB donors, or both. An IAB donor may include a CU 160 with a wired or wireless connection (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) to the core network 130 and may act as a parent node to IAB node (s) 104. For example, the DU 165 of an IAB donor may relay transmissions to UEs 115 through IAB node (s) 104, or may directly signal transmissions to a UE 115, or both. The CU 160 of the IAB donor may signal communication link establishment via an F1 interface to IAB node (s) 104, and the IAB node (s) 104 may schedule transmissions (e.g., transmissions to the UEs 115 relayed from the IAB donor) through one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) . That is, data may be relayed to and from IAB node (s) 104 via signaling via an NR Uu interface to MT of IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., other IAB node (s) ) . Communications with IAB node (s) 104 may be scheduled by a DU 165 of the IAB donor or of IAB node (s) 104.
[0072] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support test as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., components such as an IAB node, a DU 165, a CU 160, an RU 170, an RIC 175, an SMO system 180) .
[0073] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, or meters, among other examples.
[0074] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as UEs 115 that may sometimes operate as relays, as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0075] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via the communication link (s) 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting the communication link (s) 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link (s) 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more of the network entities 105) .
[0076] In some examples, such as in a carrier aggregation configuration, a carrier may have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute RF channel number (EARFCN) ) and may be identified according to a channel raster for discovery by the UEs 115. A carrier may be operated in a standalone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection may be conducted by the UEs 115 via the carrier, or the carrier may be operated in a non-standalone mode, in which case a connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., of the same or a different RAT) .
[0077] The communication link (s) 125 of the wireless communications system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from a network entity 105 to a UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from a UE 115 to a network entity 105, or both, among other configurations of transmissions. Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode) .
[0078] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum and, in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wireless communications system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths for carriers of a particular RAT (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz) ) . Devices of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., the network entities 105, the UEs 115, or both) may have hardware configurations that support communications using a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communications using one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may include network entities 105 or UEs 115 that support concurrent communications using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured for operating using portions (e.g., a sub-band, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth.
[0079] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0080] One or more numerologies for a carrier may be supported, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing (Δf) and a cyclic prefix. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs having the same or different numerologies. In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time and communications for the UE 115 may be restricted to one or more active BWPs.
[0081] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0082] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems, such as the wireless communications system 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0083] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0084] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to UEs 115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or may include UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a UE 115 (e.g., a specific UE) .
[0085] A network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, for example a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof. The term “cell” may refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a network entity 105 (e.g., using a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID) , a virtual cell identifier (VCID) ) . In some examples, a cell also may refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of a coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates. Such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., a structure, a subset of structure) to larger areas depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the network entity 105. For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of a building, or exterior spaces between or overlapping with coverage areas 110, among other examples.
[0086] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider supporting the macro cell. A small cell may be associated with a network entity 105 operating with lower power (e.g., a base station 140 operating with lower power) relative to a macro cell, and a small cell may operate using the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may provide unrestricted access to the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider or may provide restricted access to the UEs 115 having an association with the small cell (e.g., the UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) , the UEs 115 associated with users in a home or office) . A network entity 105 may support one or more cells and may also support communications via the one or more cells using one or multiple component carriers.
[0087] In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) ) that may provide access for different types of devices.
[0088] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area, such as the coverage area 110. In some examples, coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) associated with different technologies may overlap, but the coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., a network entity 105) . In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas, such as a coverage area 110, associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., the network entities 105) . The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 support communications for coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.
[0089] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0090] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs (e.g., one or more of the UEs 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link, such as a D2D communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more of the UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0091] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0092] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0093] The wireless communications system 100 may also operate using a super high frequency (SHF) region, which may be in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also known as the centimeter band, or using an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) , also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UEs 115 and the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) , and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, such techniques may facilitate using antenna arrays within a device. The propagation of EHF transmissions, however, may be subject to even greater attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body.
[0094] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0095] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0096] The network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords) . Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.
[0097] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0098] A network entity 105 or a UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a network entity 105 multiple times along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a network entity 105, or by a receiving device, such as a UE 115) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.
[0099] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105 or a UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as another network entity 105 or UE 115) . In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, a UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the network entity 105 along different directions and may report to the network entity 105 an indication of the signal that the UE 115 received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.
[0100] In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a network entity 105 to a UE 115) . The UE 115 may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The network entity 105 may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) ) , which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook) . Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , a UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115) or for transmitting a signal along a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device) .
[0101] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115) may perform reception operations in accordance with multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105) , such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may perform reception in accordance with multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal) . The single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions) .
[0102] The wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. An RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. A MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer also may implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, an RRC layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. A PHY layer may map transport channels to physical channels.
[0103] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may support retransmissions of data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is one technique for increasing the likelihood that data is received correctly via a communication link (e.g., the communication link (s) 125, a D2D communication link 135) . HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) ) , forward error correction (FEC) , and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ) ) . HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer in relatively poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise conditions) . In some examples, a device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, in which case the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data received via a previous symbol in the slot. In some other examples, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to some other time interval.
[0104] Certain aspects and techniques as described herein may be implemented, at least in part, using an AI program, such as a program that includes a machine learning ML or artificial neural network (ANN) model. An example ML model may include mathematical representations or define computing capabilities for making inferences from input data based on patterns or relationships identified in the input data. As used herein, the term “inferences” can include one or more of decisions, predictions, determinations, or values, which may represent outputs of the ML model. The computing capabilities may be defined in terms of certain parameters of the ML model, such as weights and biases. Weights may indicate relationships between certain input data and certain outputs of the ML model, and biases are offsets which may indicate a starting point for outputs of the ML model. An example ML model operating on input data may start at an initial output based on the biases and then update its output based on a combination of the input data and the weights.
[0105] In some aspects, an ML model may be configured to provide computing capabilities for wireless communications. Such an ML model may be configured with weights and biases to perform beam measurement predictions for improved beam management. Thus, during operation of a device, the ML model may receive input data (such as channel quality measurements, rank information) and make inferences (such as beam measurement predictions for a channel state information (CSI) report or adjustments to a spatial or temporal transmission density of a set of measured beams (e.g., Set-B beams) ) based on the weights and biases. Further, the ML model may predict one or more measurements for a set of unmeasured beams (e.g., Set-A beams) . Moreover, Set-A beams may correspond with one or more beams unmeasured by a UE 115 where the measurements of respective reference signals received via the Set-Abeams are predicted or estimated and Set-B beams may correspond with one or more measured beams by the UE 115 where the UE 115 obtains actual measurements of reference signals received via the Set-B beams. Thus, Set-A beams may be referred to and understood as predicted beams and Set-B beams may be referred to and understood as measured beams elsewhere herein.
[0106] ML models may be deployed in one or more devices (for example, network entities and user equipments (UEs) ) and may be configured to enhance various aspects of a wireless communication system. For example, an ML model may be trained to identify patterns or relationships in data corresponding to a network, a device, an air interface, or the like. An ML model may support operational decisions relating to one or more aspects associated with wireless communications devices, networks, or services. For example, an ML model may be utilized for supporting or improving aspects such as signal coding / decoding, network routing, energy conservation, transceiver circuitry controls, frequency synchronization, timing synchronization channel state estimation, channel equalization, channel state feedback, modulation, demodulation, device positioning, beamforming, load balancing, operations and management functions, security, etc.
[0107] ML models may be characterized in terms of types of learning that generate specific types of learned models that perform specific types of tasks. For example, different types of machine learning include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, reinforcement learning, etc. ML models may be used to perform different tasks such as classification or regression, where classification refers to determining one or more discrete output values from a set of predefined output values, and regression refers to determining continuous values which are not bounded by predefined output values. Some example ML models configured for performing such tasks include ANNs such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) , transformers, diffusion models, regression analysis models (such as statistical models) , large language models (LLMs) , decision tree learning (such as predictive models) , support vector networks (SVMs) , and probabilistic graphical models (such as a Bayesian network) , etc.
[0108] The description herein illustrates, by way of some examples, how one or more tasks or problems in wireless communications may benefit from the application of one or more ML models to generate reference signal measurement predictions of respective beams. To facilitate the discussion, an ML model configured using an ANN is used, but it should be understood, that other types of ML models may be used instead of an ANN. Hence, unless expressly recited, subject matter regarding an ML model is not necessarily intended to be limited to an ANN solution. Further, it should be understood that, unless otherwise specifically stated, terms such “AI / ML model, ” “ML model, ” “trained ML model, ” “ANN, ” “model, ” “algorithm, ” or the like are intended to be interchangeable.
[0109] In some examples of the wireless communications system 100, UEs 115 may receive reference signals for link quality performance monitoring. To determine the link quality and performance of a downlink channel, the UE 115 may use both predicted measurements and actual measurements. For example, a UE 115 may use one or more AI / ML models to predict one or more beam measurements. However, a network entity 105 scheduling the reference signals for the UE 115 to perform measurements on may be unaware of what type of measurements the UE 115 may be capable of supporting. For example, the network entity 105 may be unaware of whether the UE 115 can perform RSRP measurements, SINR measurements, BLER measurements, or a combination thereof. Therefore, the network entity 105 may default to scheduling the UE 115 to perform RSRP measurements. Although, while RSRP measurements may correspond with relatively low levels of complexity and overhead and can be effective in adjusting one or more parameters associated with beam predictions, RSRP measurements may be ineffective in adjusting parameters associated with an AI / ML model.
[0110] The techniques of the present disclosure may enable a UE 115 to transmit a capability report or real-time preference report to a network entity 105 to indicate whether the UE 115 is capable of supporting RSRP based performance monitoring, SINR based performance monitoring, BLER performance monitoring, or any combination thereof. Therefore, the network entity 105 may schedule the UE 115 with one or more reference signals for performance monitoring to determine UE 115 side channel characteristic predictions. Further, there may be one or more conditions to each monitoring scheme. For example, for network-based, hybrid-based (e.g., a combination of network-based and UE 115 based) , or UE 115 based performance monitoring BLER based methods, a UE 115 may have a set of predefined downlink or broadcast channel assumptions that correspond to a set of SINR ranges identified from the strongest previously measured reference signals. Further, for UE 115 based performance monitoring, SINR methods, BLER methods, or both may be used to determine whether an AI / ML model should be activated or deactivated. Moreover, a UE 115 may use RSRP based methods, and in some cases SINR based methods, to determine the accuracy of an AI / ML models predictions and may adjust or suggest adjustments of the spatial / temporal transmission density of a set of measured beams to provide more accurate AI / ML predictions. Therefore, transmitting the UE 115 capabilities / preferences to a network entity 105, the network entity 105 may be capable of scheduling the UE 115 with a monitoring scheme that should be used for monitoring a set of reference signals, thus providing a more efficient use of resources leading to an increase in efficiency and reliability in the wireless communications system 100.
[0111] FIG. 2 shows an example of a ML model architecture 200 that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the ML model architecture 200 may be implemented by or may implement the wireless communications system 100. Further, the ML model architecture 200 may be used for wireless communications in any of the various implementations, processes, environments, networks, or use cases described elsewhere herein. As illustrated, the ML model architecture 200 includes multiple logical entities, such as model training host 202, model inference host 204, data source (s) 206, and agent 208. Model inference host 204 is configured to run an ML model based on inference data 212 provided by data source (s) 206. Model inference host 204 may produce output 214, which may include a prediction or inference, such as a discrete or continuous value based on inference data 212, which may then be provided as input to the agent 208.
[0112] Agent 208 may represent an element or an entity of a wireless communication system including, for example, a radio access network (RAN) , a wireless local area network, a device-to-device (D2D) communications system, etc. As an example, agent 208 may be a user equipment (e.g., a UE 115 described with reference to FIG. 1) , a base station (e.g., a network entity 105 described with reference to FIG. 1, or a disaggregated network entity (such as a CU 160, a DU 165, and a RU 170 described with reference to FIG. 1) , an access point, a wireless station, a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) in a cloud-based RAN, among some examples. Additionally, agent 208 also may be a type of agent that depends on the type of tasks performed by model inference host 204, the type of inference data 212 provided to model inference host 204, or the type of output 214 produced by model inference host 204.
[0113] For example, if output 214 from model inference host 204 is associated with beam management or reference signal measurement predictions, agent 208 may be or include a UE, a DU, or an RU. As another example, if output 214 from model inference host 204 is associated with transmission or reception scheduling, agent 208 may be a CU or a DU.
[0114] Agent 208 may perform one or more actions associated with receiving output 214 from model inference host 204. For example, if agent 208 is a DU or an RU and the output from model inference host 204 is associated with beam management, reference signal measurement predictions or both, agent 208 may determine whether to change or modify a transmit or receive beam based on output 214. Agent 208 may indicate the one or more actions performed to at least one subject of action 210. For example, if the agent B08 determines to change or modify a transmit or receive beam for a communication between agent B08 and the subject of action 210 (such as, a UE) , agent B08 may send a beam switching indication to the subject of action 210 (such as, the UE) . As another example, agent B08 may be a UE and output 214 from model inference host 204 may one or more predicted channel characteristics for one or more beams. For example, model inference host 204 may predict channel characteristics for a set of beam based on the measurements of another set of beams. Based on the predicted channel characteristics, agent B08, the UE, may send, to the BS, a request to switch to a different beam for communications. In some cases, agent B08 and the subject of action 210 are the same entity.
[0115] Data can be collected from data sources 206, and may be used as training data 216 for training an ML model, or as inference data 212 for feeding an ML model inference operation. Data sources 206 may collect data from various subject of action 210 entities (such as, the UE or the network entity) , and provide the collected data to a model training host 202 for ML model training. For example, after a subject of action 210 (such as, a UE) receives a beam configuration from agent B08, the subject of action 210 may provide performance feedback associated with the beam configuration to the data sources 206. The performance feedback may be used by the model training host 202 for monitoring or evaluating the ML model performance. In some examples, if output 214 provided to agent 208 is inaccurate (or the accuracy is below an accuracy threshold) , model training host 202 may provide feedback to model inference host 204 to modify or retrain the ML model used by model inference host 204, such as via an ML model deployment update.
[0116] Model training host 202 may be deployed at the same or a different entity than that in which model inference host 2104 is deployed. For example, in order to offload model training processing, which can impact the performance of model inference host 204, model training host 202 may be deployed at a model server.
[0117] In some aspects, an ML model is deployed at or on a network entity 105. More specifically, a model interference host, such as model inference host 204 in Figure 2, may be deployed at or on the network entity for beam management. In some other aspects, an ML model is deployed at or on a UE 115, as described elsewhere herein, such as with reference to FIG. 3. More specifically, a model inference host, such as model inference host 204 in Figure 2, may be deployed at or on the UE for reference signal measurement estimations or predictions. Additionally, or alternatively, the ML model may be collaboratively deployed across multiple entities such as one or more UEs 115, across multiple network entities 105, or both.
[0118] Further, in some examples, the UE 115, a network entity 105, or both may monitor the inference accuracy and system performance of the ML model. Further, the UE 115, a network entity 105, or both may monitor the validity of the input to the ML model (e.g., out-of-distribution detection, drift detection of input data, SNR, delay spread, or any combination thereof) and the drift detection of output data (e.g., detect an accuracy of the output data. Further, the UE 115, a network entity 105, or both may monitor a beam prediction accuracy, link quality estimation accuracy (e.g., accuracy of throughput, level 1 (L1) -RSRP, L1-SINR, or L1-BLER estimations) , performance metrics, L1-RSRP differences (e.g., a comparison between measured RSRPs and predicted RSRPs) , or any combination thereof.
[0119] In accordance with the techniques of the present disclosure, a UE 115 may user RSRP measurements determine a prediction accuracy of the ML model and adjust a spatial transmission density, a temporal transmission density, or both of a set of beams used for measurements (e.g., Set-B beams) to enhance the accuracy of the ML model. Further, while SINR measurements and BLER measurements may be relatively less suitable for determining the prediction accuracy of the ML model, a UE 115 may use such measurements to determine whether the ML model should be deactivated or adjusted when the spatial / temporal transmission density of the Set-B beams is at a maximum allowable level. For example, the network entity 105 may configure the UE 115 with a maximum spatial / temporal transmission density of Set-B beams that allows for relatively accurate beam measurement predictions. However, the UE 115 determines that such measurement predictions are relatively inaccurate, the UE 115 may use SINR, BLER, measurements or both to determine if the ML model should be deactivated to prevent one or more performance issues at the UE 115 caused by the inaccurate measurement predictions. The techniques of the present disclosure may describe a UE 115 transmitting a capability report or preference report to the network entity 105 that indicates one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes the UE 115 can support. Therefore, the network entity 105 may schedule the UE 115 with one or more reference signals for performance monitoring in accordance with a respective link-quality-related monitoring scheme supported by the UE 115 such that the UE 115 can monitor the one or more reference signals in accordance with the respective link-quality-related monitoring scheme. Therefore, the UE 115 may be capable of by performing one or more reference signal measurements associated with the respective link-quality-related monitoring scheme. Thus, the UE 115 and the network entity 105 may be capable of more accurately determining a prediction accuracy of an ML model that is an example of the ML model architecture 200. Further descriptions of the techniques of the present disclosure enabling a UE 115 to determine an accuracy of an ML model of the ML model architecture 200 may be described elsewhere herein, such as with reference to FIGs. 3–5.
[0120] FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless communications system 300 that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the wireless communications system 300 may implement or be implemented by the wireless communication system 100. For example, the wireless communications system 300 may include a UE 115-a and a network entity 105-a, which may be examples of devices described herein with reference to FIG. 1. In some examples, the UE 115-a and the network entity 105-a may communicate via a downlink communication link 305 and via an uplink communication link 310, which may be examples of a communication link 125 described herein with reference to FIG. 1. For example, the downlink communication link 305 and the uplink communication link 310 may be examples of a Uu link, a sidelink, a backhaul link, a D2D link or some other type of communication link 125.
[0121] In some examples, an AI / ML model 315 may be hosted at the UE 115-a for measurement predictions. For example, the UE 115-a may receive one or more reference signals 320 from the network entity 105-a via the downlink communication link 305, and the UE 115-a may perform measurement predictions on a subset of the one or more reference signals 320. In some examples, the UE 115-a may monitor and perform measurements on the one or more reference signals 320 in accordance with one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes. For example, the UE 115-a may perform RSRP based performance monitoring, SINR based performance monitoring, BLER based performance monitoring, or any combination thereof. RSRP based and SINR based performance monitoring may be based on a top predicted measurement and an actual measurement of a previously top predicted beam. For example, the UE may actually generate an RSRP or SINR measurement on a reference signal received by a beam that is associated with previous top prediction. Further, in some cases, the measurements may be from raw or statistical results. Moreover, BLER based performance monitoring may be based on BLER predictions and BLER measurements that can be estimated from the SINR measurements and predictions along with downlink channel structure assumptions.
[0122] In some examples, RSRP, SINR, and BLER based performance monitoring may be associated with various advantages and challenges. For example, the UE 115-a may obtain RSRP metrics and SINR metrics from measurements or estimations by directly monitoring the one or more reference signals 320 or with interference and noise power estimations from other channels. Thus, the UE 115-a may be capable of monitoring link-quality performance without any channel structure assumptions, MCS assumptions, rank assumptions, or any combination thereof. Moreover, when performing BLER based performance monitoring, the UE 115-a may expect to be configured with such different assumptions that correspond to different target throughputs. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 105-a may configure the UE 115-a with the various assumptions, or the UE 115-a may evaluate and determine such assumptions.
[0123] In some cases, the RSRP based performance monitoring may be related to AI / ML performance as the AI / ML model 315 may be trained via Set-A beams (e.g., non-measured beams) with a training dataset of labelled, classified, or both, L1-RSRP measurements. In some other cases, the SINR and BLER based performance monitoring, factors other than AI / ML prediction accuracy may impact BLER or SINR measurements. For example, interference, blocking, fading, or any combination thereof may impact the capability of the UE 115-a to generate BLER or SINR measurements. Further, RSRP based performance monitoring may also be associated with relatively low complexity and overhead due to the lack of expectation of any channel estimations and IMRs. However, the complexity and overhead associated with SINR and BLER based performance monitoring may be relatively higher. For example, SINR and BLER based performance monitoring may result in relatively high complexities due to an expectation of channel estimations being used to estimate interference and noise measurements when the network entity 105-a refrains from configuring the UE 115-a with one or more IMRs. Further, the SINR and BLER based performance monitoring may result in an increase in overhead due to a lack of dedicated IMRs for interference and noise measurements.
[0124] In another example, when determining throughput degradation, the UE 115-a may be unable to accurately determine the throughput degradation via RSRP based method due to different UEs 115 having different reception processing capabilities and a lack of interference being used for performance monitoring. Additionally, or alternatively, there may be a lack of a connection between throughput loss and a difference in RSRP values (e.g., RSRP-delta) . Further, the UE 115-a may be capable of using SINR based methods as a delta SINR value may enable the UE 115-a the capability of identifying throughput degradation among different UEs 115. However, due to the varying reception processing capabilities, such differences in throughput among different UEs identified via SINR based performance monitoring may be relatively similar in a given SINR range. Therefore, to accurately determine throughput degradation, the UE 115-a may use BLER based performance monitoring as the UE 115-a may consider the different UE 115 reception capabilities for the BLER based performance monitoring.
[0125] In some cases, the UE 115-a may estimate the SINR from the one or more reference signals 320 opposed to reference signals that are dedicated for interference measurements. For example, a frequency-domain received signal in a given tone of a reference signal transmission may be expressed as y=hs+n, where s is the network entity 105-a transmitted signal, h is the channel response, and n is additive noise +interference. As such, the SINR estimation over all the reference signal tones or the reference signal tones across one or more temporal occasions may be equivalent to Var {n} =Var {y-hs} . Further, to estimate Var {n} , the UE 115-a may first estimate the channel response h (e.g., via a least squared (LS) algorithm) based on one or more previously measured and known reference signals s. Therefore, the UE 115-a may be capable of calculating the SINR estimation based on the estimated interference and noise power along with a total received power. In another example, the UE 115-a may estimate the SINR directly from the one or more reference signals 320. However, the transmission periodicity of the one or more reference signals 320 may be relatively limited and thus the accuracy of the SINR estimation may be below an accuracy threshold value. Therefore, to improve the SINR estimation accuracy, in some cases, the UE 115-a may additionally use one or more downlink demodulation reference signals (DMRSs) (e.g., DMRSs associated with a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) or a broadcast downlink control channel or shared channel (PDxCH) ) to estimate the power of the interference and noise. In some cases, unicast PDxCHs may be applied with time varying beamforming, thus the UE 115-a may be unable to obtain consisted SINR estimations from the unicast PDxCHs. In some other cases, PBCH or broadcast PDxCH references signals 320 may be based on consistent network entity 105 beamforming and thus may enable the UE 115-a to use the one or more reference signals 320 for SINR estimations.
[0126] Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 105-a may signal to the UE 115-a an indication of one or more downlink channel occasions that the UE 115-a may use for SINR estimations. Further, in such cases, the network entity 105-a may guarantee consistent beamforming techniques are used on such downlink channels and for transmitting the one or more reference signals 320. In another example, the UE 115-a may generate SINR estimations directly from one or more IMRs 325. For example, the network entity 105-a may transmit an indication of a set of IMRs 325 to the 115-a for use for reference signal 320 measurement estimations (e.g., SINR estimations) . Moreover, similar to existing SINR measurements and reports, the network entity 105-a may configure non-zero power (NZP) -CSI-RSs that can enable the UE 115-a to measure interference and noise power.
[0127] In some examples, for BLER calculations, the UE 115-a may perform one or more BLER calculations and estimations based on actually measured SINR measurements. For example, in some cases, when the SINR deriving the BLER calculations is estimated from one or more reference signals 320, the UE 115-a may expect to configured with channel estimation information. Further, the UE 115-a may directly estimate the SINR from the one or more reference signals 320. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 115-a may use downlink DMRSs to estimate the power of the interference and noise. Moreover, to enable the UE 115-a in providing accurate BLER estimations, the PDxCH structure assumed for BLER calculations may match or be associated with PBCH or broadcast PDxCH assumptions used for interference and noise estimations. In some other cases, if the SINR used for deriving the BLER is estimated from the one or more IMRs 325, the UE 115-a may refrain from expecting channel estimation information.
[0128] Therefore, the UE 115-a may used RSRP based performance monitoring to directly monitor RSRP degradation to assist in adjusting the spatial and temporal transmission density of the measured beams (e.g., Set-B beams) . Further, the UE 115-a may use the RSRP measurements to determine prediction accuracy performance information of the AI / ML model 315. Moreover, the UE 115-a may use the RSRP based performance monitoring techniques due to the relatively low complexity of the RSRP based performance monitoring and the relatively low signaling overhead associated with the monitoring scheme. Thus, the UE 115-a may be capable of adjusting or suggesting adjustments to the transmission density of the Set-B beams (e.g., to tradeoff between accuracy, overhead, and power) via the RSRP measurements and RSRP predictions. For example, depending on the decreasing or increasing of a change in RSRP values, shown in Equation 1 with respect to measured RSRP values of the previously predicted most accurate beams, RSRPgenie-top1, and predicted RSRP values of the previously predicted most accurate beams, RSRPpred-top1, the originally transmitted / non-transmitted Set-B / Set-A beams can be non-transmitted / transmitted as Set-A / Set-B beams or the already transmitted Set-B beams can be transmitted less or more frequency. That is, when the change in RSRP, decreases, the UE 115-a may refrain from transmitting one or more initially transmitted Set-B beams (e.g., beams used for measurements) as Set-A beams (e.g., beams used for estimations) . Further when the change in RSRP increases, the UE 115-a may transmit one or more initially non-transmitted (e.g., estimated Set-A beams) as Set-B beams for RSRP measurements. Moreover, the UE 115-a may adjust the frequency of the transmitted Set-B beams based on the change in the RSRP measurements.
[0129] Further, when the UE 115-a performs RSRP based performance monitoring, the UE 115-a may be unable to accurately identify throughput loss and model (e.g., the ML model 315) activation / deactivation determinations. Therefore, in some examples, the UE 115-a may use SINR based performance monitoring which may be more suitable for accurately identifying throughput loss compared to RSRP based performance monitoring. Thus, SINR based performance monitoring may also be relatively more suitable for the UE 115-a to determine model deactivation / activation. In some cases, the UE 115-a may also use the SINR based performance monitoring to determine the transmission density of the Set-B beams be evaluating a change in SINR values, shown in Equation 2 with respect to measured SINR values of the previously predicted most accurate beams, SINRgenie-top1, and predicted SINR values of the previously predicted most accurate beams, SINRpred-top1.
[0130] Further, the UE 115-a trigger SINR based methods when the transmission density (e.g., spatial or temporal) of the Set-B beams satisfies a transmission density (e.g., exceeds a maximum allowable level) while the RSRP based performance monitoring continues to show an increase in the change in RSRP. Thus, the UE 115-a may determine to deactivate the AI / ML model 315 due to the prediction accuracy satisfying (e.g., being below) a threshold accuracy level. Moreover, in some cases, for UEs 115 with relatively high complexity restrictions (e.g., for channel estimations, interference and noise estimations, or both) and overhead restrictions (e.g., for IMRs) the SINR based performance monitoring may be inefficient. Therefore, the UE 115-a may implement BLER based performance monitoring on top of SINR based performance monitoring to determine whether the AI / ML model 315 should be deactivated to prevent relatively severe performance issues (e.g., beam failure via beam failure detection (BFD) , radio link failure (RLF) , or both) . For example, if a prediction inaccuracy of the AI / ML model 315 is relatively high, the UE 115-a may experience beam failures or RLF due to inaccurate reference signal and beam measurement predictions. Thus, the UE 115-a may use the BLER based performance monitoring techniques where the UE 115-a considers single downlink channel structure (e.g., a structure that includes frequency and time occupations, MCS, rank, or any combination thereof) for a SINR range. In some cases, BLER based performance monitoring may be relatively more accurate than SINR based performance monitoring at determining and predicting throughput loss based on involving the variance of different UE 115 capabilities into account. However, if the UE 115-a uses a quantity of downlink channel structures for BLER evaluations that satisfy (e.g., exceed) a threshold quantity, the complexity of the BLER based performance monitoring may result in a relatively high increase in delay and computational resource consumption. Further, due to the increase in delay, the UE 115-a and the network entity 105-a may be unable to determine proper communication parameters in real-time. Moreover, due to the use of downlink channel structures, the UE 115-a may be unable to implement BLER based performance monitoring for adjusting the transmission density of Set-B beams as the increase in complexity may result in an increase in delay that satisfies (e.g., exceeds) a delay threshold. Further descriptions of the UE 115-a using such performance monitoring schemes (e.g., RSRP based, SINR based, BLER based) and switching between the performance monitoring schemes may be described elsewhere herein, such as with reference to FIG. 4.
[0131] Moreover, in accordance with the techniques of the present disclosure, to ensure accurate UE 115 side beam prediction performance monitoring, the network entity 105-a may schedule the UE 115-a with one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes (e.g., performance monitoring schemes) based on a purpose for the monitoring. Further, in some examples, the UE 115-a may transmit a report 330 indicating a capability of the UE 115-a to support the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, a real-time preference for a respective link-quality-related monitoring scheme based on a complexity and power level of the UE 115-a, or both. Further, the link-quality-related monitoring schemes may include a first monitoring scheme associated with RSRP based performance monitoring, a second monitoring scheme associated with SINR based performance monitoring, and a third monitoring scheme associated with BLER based performance monitoring.
[0132] As described herein, the UE 115-a may use the RSRP based performance monitoring (e.g., the first monitoring scheme) to monitor (e.g., directly monitor) the prediction accuracy of the AI / ML model 315. Further, the UE 115-a may also use the RSRP based performance monitoring to assist in modifying one or more communication parameters. For example, the UE 115-a may assist in adjusting the spatial transmission density of the Set-B beams, the temporal transmission density of the Set-B beams, or both. In some examples, for network based performance monitoring, hybrid based performance monitoring (e.g., via the network entity 105-a and the UE 115-a) , the UE 115-a may adjust the transmission density of the Set-B beams by transmitting a report of the RSRP metrics to the network entity 105-a. In some other examples, for UE 115 based performance monitoring, the UE 115-a may recommend one or more spatial / temporal transmission density targets based on RSRP monitoring metrics (e.g., RSRP measurements) . Thus, the network entity 105-a may adjust the spatial transmission density, the temporal transmission density, or both for the Set-B beams based on the RSRP based performance monitoring and RSRP measurements at the UE 115-a.
[0133] In some examples, the network entity 105-a may trigger the UE 115-a to use SINR based performance monitoring the complexity and power restrictions of the UE 115-a, the prediction accuracy of monitored via the RSRP based performance monitoring, or both. Further, the UE 115-a may utilize the SINR based performance monitoring to identify a throughput loss level and determine whether the AI / ML model 315 should be activated or deactivated more accurately. In some cases, for network-based and hybrid based performance monitoring, the network entity 105-a may trigger the UE 115-a to use the SINR based performance monitoring based on the report 330 from the UE 115-a. For example, the report 330 may indicate a UE capability or real-time preference of a level of complexity, level of power consumption, or both. For UE 115 based performance monitoring, the UE 115-a may trigger the use of SINR based performance monitoring when the spatial / temporal transmission density of the Set-B beams reach a threshold level (e.g., a maximum allowable level configured by the network entity 105-a) . Further, in some cases, the UE 115-a may trigger the SINR based performance monitoring based on the transmission density threshold level being satisfied and based on the RSRP measurements indicating a relatively high level of inaccuracy for the AI / ML model 315. Thus, the UE 115-a may provide the network entity 105-a with one or more functionality of activation / deactivation suggestions for the AI / ML model 315 based on the SINR based performance monitoring. For example, the UE 115-a may transmit, to the network entity 105-a, an indication of a change in one or more parameters of the AI / ML model 315, an indication of a deactivation of the AI / ML model 315 or the UE 115-a may transmit a suggestion of a change in parameters for the AI / ML model 315 or a suggestion of deactivation of the AI / ML model 315.
[0134] Additionally, or alternatively, to identify a throughput loss level with a relatively higher accuracy, the UE 115-a may use BLER based performance monitoring over SINR based performance monitoring. Further, to utilize the BLER based performance monitoring, the UE 115-a may receive an indication of a downlink channel structure from the network entity 105-a for a respective SINR value range. Moreover, the UE 115-a may be configured with a relatively limited quantity of SINR value ranges. Further, the UE 115-a may also use the BLER based performance monitoring to determine functionality changes (e.g., parameter changes) or activation / deactivation determinations for the AI / ML model 315. Moreover, the BLER based performance monitoring may also be triggered based on a complexity level of the UE 115-a and one or more power restrictions of the UE 115-a. For network-based and hybrid based performance monitoring, the BLER based performance monitoring may be triggered based on performance metrics (e.g., measurements) obtained from the RSRP based performance monitoring, the SINR based performance monitoring, or both. For UE 115 based performance monitoring, the UE 115-a may determine to change one or more parameters of the AI / ML model 315 or activate / deactivate the AI / ML model 315 or provide one or more suggestions of such determinations to the network entity 105-a based on and via the BLER based monitoring metrics (e.g., measurements) .
[0135] Moreover, the techniques of the present disclosure describe that the UE 15-a may be expected to be scheduled with a respective monitoring scheme from one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE 115 side channel characteristic predictions based on the UE 115-a transmitting the report 330 to the network entity 105-a. The report 330 may indicate a capability of the UE 115-a to support at least one of the monitoring schemes of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, a preference for at least one monitoring scheme supported by the UE 115-a, or both. Further, each monitoring scheme may be associated with one or more conditions. For example, for network-based performance monitoring, hybrid based performance monitoring, UE 115 based performance monitoring, or any combination thereof, the BLER based performance monitoring may be associated with a set of channel structure assumptions (e.g., PBCH or PDxCH structures) . In some examples, the UE 115-a may receive an indication of the set of channel structures from the network entity 105-a for the BLER based performance monitoring. In some other examples, the network entity 105-a may preconfigure the UE 115-a with the set of channel structures. Further, the UE 115-a may also receive an indication of or be configured with a quantity (e.g., N) of SINR ranges that are identified from the strongest measured performance monitoring reference signal of the one or more reference signals 320. For example, in some previous reception of a set of reference signals, the UE 115-a may have reported a set of SINR measurements for the previous set of reference signals. Further, the UE 115-a, the network entity 105-a, or both may determine a set of SINR ranges based on a respective reference signal with a reference signal measurement relatively stronger greater than the others indicating a relatively high link quality for the corresponding beam. For UE 115 based performance, the SINR and BLER based performance monitoring may be associated with conditions for determining the functionality of the AI / ML model 315 and whether the UE 115-a should activate or deactivate the AI / ML model 315. Further, the RSRP and SINR based performance monitoring may be associated with conditions for determining spatial / temporal transmission density of the Set-B beams.
[0136] Further, using a respective monitoring scheme, the UE 115-a may predict one or more channel characteristics. For example, the UE 115-a may predict the RSRP or SINR measurements for respective resources (e.g., synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , CSI-RSs, virtual resources) , a top-K resources in terms of link quality strength (e.g., RSRP or SINR strength) or in terms of probabilities of being one of the top K or the top 1 resource. For example, the UE 115-a may predict a top resource that is associated with a respective reference signal 320 based on a measurement prediction or estimation of the respective reference signal 320. Moreover, in some examples, as RSRP based performance monitoring may be related to monitoring the prediction accuracy of the AI / ML model 315 and adjusting the transmission density of the Set-B beams, the network entity 105-a may schedule the UE 115-a with the link-quality-related monitoring scheme associated with the RSRP based performance monitoring relatively more frequently.
[0137] In some examples, when the UE 115-a is performing performance monitoring or life cycle management (LCM) for UE 115 side AI / ML based beam predictions, in order for the UE 115-a to accurately estimate SINR measurements (e.g., or to derive BLER measurements based on SINR estimations) , the network entity 105-a may transmit one or more indications. For example, the network entity 105-a may transmit an indication that the UE 115-a should measure and estimate the interference and noise of a beam or channel directly from the one or more reference signals 320. In some other examples, the network entity 105-a may transmit a dedicated set of one or more IMRs 325 for the UE 115-a to use to estimate the interference and noise. Thus, the UE 115-a may estimate the interference and noise measurements for the SINR estimations from the one or more IMRs 325 which are separately configured from the one or more reference signals 320.
[0138] Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 105-a may signal information associated with other downlink channels for the UE 115-a to estimate the interference and noise associated with the one or more reference signals 320. In some cases, the UE 115-a may use DMRSs associated with a downlink control channel (e.g., a PDCCH) , and the network entity 105-a may signal one or more synchronization signal (SS) set identifiers (IDs) and CORESET IDs that can be associated with the one or more reference signals 320 used for the performance monitoring. In some other cases, for broadcast channels (e.g., PBCH) the network entity 105-a may transmit an indication of one or more SSB-IDs to be associated with the one or more reference signals 320. In other cases, for downlink shared channels (e.g., a PDSCH) , the network entity 105-a may schedule PDSCH transmissions via non-unicast PDCCH transmissions. Further, the network entity 105-a may transmit corresponding SS-set IDs and CORESET IDs with the PDSCH to be associated with the one or more reference signals 320. Moreover, in some cases, the signaling occasions may be for unicast-PDSCH. Further, for BLER derivations, the UE 115-a may use information related to the downlink channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, PBCH, or any combination thereof) structures describe herein. Moreover, the UE 115-a may be configured with a quantity of downlink structures for BLER derivations where the quantity is associated with different SINR ranges and the SINR is determined by a SINR measurement of a top performing beam, SINRgenie-top1, or an statistical based SINR measurement of the top performing beam,
[0139] Moreover, in accordance with the techniques of the present disclosure, the UE 115-a may be scheduled with a respective link-quality-related monitoring scheme based on the capabilities, preferences, or both indicated to the network entity 105-a via the report 330. Further, the techniques of the present disclosure may enable the network entity 105-a to dynamically schedule the UE 115-a with different link-quality-related monitoring schemes based on the capabilities, preferences, or both the UE 115-a. Further descriptions of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes that the UE may be capable of supporting may be described elsewhere herein, such as with reference to FIG. 4.
[0140] FIG. 4 shows an example of a flowchart 400 that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the flowchart 400 may be implemented by a UE 115, a network entity 105, or both. In some examples, a UE 115, a network entity 105, or both may execute a set of instructions to control one or more functional elements to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 115, the network entity 105, or both may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0141] At 405, in accordance with the techniques of the present disclosure, a UE 115 may use RSRP based performance monitoring to adjust a transmission density of a set of beams to be used for reference signal measurements (e.g., the Set-B beams) . In some cases, the UE 115 may initially use a relatively low spatial and temporal transmission density for a set of beams and as a RSRP differential between actual RSRP measurements and estimated RSRP measurements increases the UE 115 may increase the spatial and temporal transmission density of the set of beams. Further, as the RSRP differential increases, the UE 115 may satisfy a transmission density threshold that indicates a maximum allowable transmission density for the set of beams for reference signal measurements.
[0142] Further, in some examples, if the UE 115 indicates a capability for supporting UE 115 side beam predictions, the UE 115 may expect to scheduled with RSRP based performance monitoring as a default. In some cases, for network-based performance monitoring, when the UE 115 is scheduled with RSRP based performance monitoring the UE 115 may measure and report one or more RSRP measurements and predictions for a top performing beam. A top performing beam may be an example of a beam associated with the reception of a respective reference signal 320 that corresponds with a relatively high reference signal measurement comparted to the reference signal measurements of the other one or more reference signals 320. For example, the UE 115 may measure and report an instantaneous RSRP measurement of a top performing beam, RSRPgenie-top1, an instantaneous RSRP prediction of the top performing beam, RSRPpred-top1, an instantaneous RSRP differential between the instantaneous RSRP measurement and the instantaneous RSPR prediction, ΔRSRP=RSRPgenie-top1-RSRPpred-top1, or any combination thereof. Further, the UE 115 may also measure and report an average RSRP measurement obtained from statistical analysis of previous RSRP measurements obtained over a temporal window, an average RSRP prediction obtained from statistical analysis of previous RSRP predictions obtained over a temporal window, an average RSRP differential of the RSRP measurements and predictions over the temporal window, or any combination thereof.
[0143] For hybrid based performance monitoring, when the UE 115 is scheduled with RSRP based performance monitoring, the network entity 105 may transmit an indication of one or more thresholds to the UE 115. For example, the network entity 105 may configure the UE 115 with or transmit an indication of a differential RSRP measurement threshold, ΔRSRP, Th, and a statistically analyzed differential RSRP threshold, Further, the UE 115 may be configured to trigger transmitting a report to the network entity 105 when one or more of the thresholds are satisfied. For example, the UE 115 may transmit a report to the network entity 105 indicating a quantity of occasions the differential RSRP exceeds the differential RSRP measurement threshold (e.g., ΔRSRP>ΔRSRP, Th) over a temporal window. In another example, the UE 115 may transmit a report to the network entity 105 indicating a quantity of occasions the statistically analyzed differential RSRP exceeds the statistically analyzed differential RSRP measurement threshold (e.g., ) over a temporal window. Further, for UE 115 based performance monitoring, the threshold values may be determined by the UE 115. Thus, the UE 115 may determine the trigger for transmitting a report to the network entity 105 when a threshold is satisfied. Further, the UE 115 may use the RSRP measurements and metrics to adapt the spatial / temporal transmission density of the Set-B beams, transmit a recommendation for an adaption to the network entity 105, transmit an indication of a recommendation of a preferred adaption to the network entity 105, or any combination thereof.
[0144] At 410, the UE 115 may determine that the transmission density of the Set-B beams is at a maximum level and the RSRP differential value may be relatively high. Therefore, at 415, based on the UE 115 indicating such information to the network entity 105, the network entity 105 may schedule the UE 115 with SINR based performance monitoring to determine if the AI / ML model used for measurement and beam predictions should be deactivated or disabled at the UE 115. In some cases, for SINR based performance monitoring, the network entity 105 may schedule the UE 115 with the SINR based performance monitoring based on a report from the UE 115 indicating one or more capabilities of the UE 115, a real-time preference of the UE 115, or both. In some examples, if the report is an example of a UE 115 capability report that indicates that the UE 115 is capable of supporting SINR based performance monitoring, the network entity 105 may determine when to trigger the UE 115 being scheduled with the SINR based performance monitoring. In some other examples, if the report is an example of a real-time preference report, the UE 115 may use an uplink message (e.g., an RRC message, a MAC-CE message, a UCI message) to report a preference for a respective link-quality-related monitoring scheme. In such examples, the network entity 105 may refrain from scheduling the UE 115 with SINR based performance monitoring unless the UE 115 indicates a preference for SINR based performance monitoring via the report. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 105 may trigger the UE 115 to initiate SINR based performance monitoring based on a transmission density of a set of beams for reference signal measurements being at a maximum transmission density level. In some examples, for network based performance monitoring, if the UE 115 is scheduled with SINR based performance monitoring, the UE 115 may measure and report one or more SINR measurements and predictions for a top performing beam.
[0145] Further, the UE 115 may transmit similar measurements as when scheduled with RSRP based performance monitoring. For example, the UE 115 may transmit an instantaneous SINR measurement of a top performing beam, SINRgenie-top1, an instantaneous SINR prediction, SINRpred-top1, an instantaneous SINR differential, ΔSINR=SINRgenie-top1-SINRpred-top1, an average SINR measurement over a temporal window, an average SINR prediction over a temporal window, an average SINR differential of the SINR measurements and predictions over the temporal window, or any combination thereof.
[0146] Similarly, for hybrid based performance monitoring, when the UE 115 is scheduled with SINR based performance monitoring, the network entity 105 may configure the UE 115 with one or more thresholds or transmit an indication of the one or more thresholds to the UE 115. For example, the one or more thresholds may include, a differential SINR measurement threshold, ΔSINR, Th, and a statistically analyzed differential SINR threshold, Further, the UE 115 may be configured to trigger transmitting a report to the network entity 105 when one or more of the thresholds are satisfied. For example, the UE 115 may transmit a report to the network entity 105 indicating a quantity of occasions the differential SINR exceeds the differential SINR measurement threshold (e.g., ΔSINR>ΔSINR, Th) over a temporal window. In another example, the UE 115 may transmit a report to the network entity 105 indicating a quantity of occasions the statistically analyzed differential SINR exceeds the statistically analyzed differential SINR measurement threshold (e.g., ) over a temporal window.
[0147] Further, for UE 115 based performance monitoring, the threshold values may be determined by the UE 115. Moreover, in some cases, the UE 115 and the network entity 105 may use the SINR measurements and metrics to adapt the spatial / temporal transmission density of the Set-B beams, transmit a recommendation for an adaption to the network entity 105, transmit an indication of a recommendation of a preferred adaption to the network entity 105, or any combination thereof. In some other cases, the UE 115 and the network entity 105 may use the SINR based performance monitoring measurements to determine a functionality of the AI / ML model and whether the AI / ML model 315 should be activated / deactivated, as described elsewhere herein. For example, the UE 115, the network entity 105, or both may determine that if the SINR differential between measured SINR values and predicted SINR values, the AI / ML model may be relatively inaccurate and should be deactivated. Moreover, if the SINR measurement indicate an increasing level of interference, the UE 115, the network entity 105, or both may determine to deactivate the AI / ML model to prevent inaccurate measurement predictions. Further, if the AI / ML model is deactivated and the SINR measurements indicate a relatively low level of interference, the UE 115, the network entity 105, or both may determine to activate the AI / ML model to enable the UE 115 to save computational resources by predicting the measurements of a portion of one or more reference signals received from the network entity 105 (e.g., predicting the Set-Abeams) . Further, the UE 115, the network entity 105, or both may determine to activate or deactivate the AI / ML model based on a value of a statistically analyzed differential SINR measurement, within a range of statistically analyzed SINR measurements, as shown with reference to Table 1.
[0148] Table 1
[0149] At 420, to relatively mor accurately determine a level of throughput loss compared to SINR based performance monitoring, the network entity 105 may schedule the UE 115 with the BLER based performance monitoring based on whether the UE 115 supports both the SINR based and BLER based performance monitoring. The UE 115 may also be scheduled with the BLER based performance monitoring based on additional capabilities related to the BLER based performance monitoring. Moreover, if the UE 115 indicates support for the SINR based performance monitoring via a report, the UE 115 may transmit and indication of a capability to support BLER based performance monitoring within the report or within a separate report. Further, for network based performance monitoring, if the UE 115 is scheduled with BLER based performance monitoring, the 115 may transmit an indication of an instantaneous BLER measurement of a top performing beam, BLERgenie-top1, an instantaneous BLER prediction, BLERpred-top1, an instantaneous BLER differential, ΔBLER=BLERgenie-top1-BLERpred-top1, an average BLER measurement over a temporal window, an average BLER prediction over a temporal window, an average BLER differential of the BLER measurements and predictions over the temporal window, or any combination thereof. For hybrid based performance monitoring, when the UE 115 is scheduled with BLER based performance monitoring, the network entity 105 may configure the UE 115 with one or more thresholds or transmit an indication of the one or more thresholds to the UE 115. For example, the one or more thresholds may include, a differential BLER measurement threshold, ΔBLER, Th, and a statistically analyzed differential BLER threshold, Further, the UE 115 may be configured to trigger transmitting a report to the network entity 105 when one or more of the thresholds are satisfied. For example, the UE 115 may transmit a report to the network entity 105 indicating a quantity of occasions the differential BLER exceeds the differential BLER measurement threshold (e.g., ΔBLER>ΔBLER, Th) over a temporal window. In another example, the UE 115 may transmit a report to the network entity 105 indicating a quantity of occasions the statistically analyzed differential BLER exceeds the statistically analyzed differential BLER measurement threshold (e.g., ) over a temporal window. In some cases, the UE 115 and the network entity 105 may also use the BLER based performance monitoring measurements to determine a functionality of the AI / ML model and whether the AI / ML model should be activated / deactivated, as described elsewhere herein. Further, the UE 115, the network entity 105, or both may determine to activate or deactivate the AI / ML model based on a value of a statistically analyzed differential BLER measurement, within a range of statistically analyzed BLER measurements, and statistically analyzed SINR measurements, and based on a downlink channel (e.g., PDSCH or PDCCH) channel structure, as shown with reference to Table 2.
[0150] Table 2
[0151] Therefore, the techniques of the present disclosure may enable a network entity 105 to schedule a UE 115 with a link-quality-related monitoring scheme based on the UE 115 indicating a capability report, preference report, or both. Further, the UE 115 may be capable of adjusting the transmission density of a set of measured beams, determining to activate or deactivate an AI / ML model, or both based on the link-quality related monitoring schemed the UE 115 is scheduled with. Thus, in accordance with the techniques of the present disclosure, the UE 115 may be capable of performing more accurate link-quality determinations for the network entity 105 to provide a more efficient and reliable wireless communications system. Further descriptions of the techniques of the present disclosure may be described elsewhere herein, such as with reference to FIG. 5
[0152] FIG. 5 shows an example of a process flow 500 that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the process flow 500 may implement or be implemented by the wireless communications system 100 and / or the wireless communications system 300. For example, the process flow 500 may include a UE 115-b and a network entity 105-b, which may be examples of devices described herein with reference to FIG. 1 (e.g., a UE 115 or a network entity 105) .
[0153] In the following description of the process flow 500, the operations between the UE 115-b and the network entity 105-b may be performed in different orders or at different times. Some operations may also be left out of the process flow 500, or other operations may be added. Although the UE 115-b and the network entity 105-b are shown performing the operations of the process flow 500, some aspects of some operations may also be performed by one or more other wireless devices.
[0154] At 505, the UE 115-b may transmit, to network entity 105-b, a report that indicates the UE 115-b support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring. Further, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes may be associated with a corresponding set of conditions. In some cases, the UE 115-b may transmit, to network entity 105-b, a UE 115 capability report that indicates the UE 115-b support for the one or more link- quality-related monitoring schemes, a preference report that indicates that the UE 115-b supports the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes and has a preference for at least one monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, or a combination thereof. In some other cases, the UE 115-b may, transmit to network entity 105-b via an uplink, a report indicating a preference for the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes. Further, monitoring the set of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme may be based on indicating the preference for the monitoring scheme via the report. Moreover, the uplink message may be a RRC message, a MAC-CE message, a UCI message, or a combination thereof. In some other examples, the UE 115-b may transmit, to network entity 105-b, the report indicating the UE 115-b support for the first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes. Further, the UE 115-b may transmit. to network entity 105-b, via the report, an indication of the UE 115-b support for the second monitoring scheme based on the report indicating the UE 115-b support for the first monitoring scheme. Moreover, monitoring the set of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme may be based on the indication of the UE 115-b’s support for the second monitoring scheme indicated via the report.
[0155] At 510, the UE 115-b may receive, from the network entity 105-b, a set of one or more reference signals for performance monitoring. In some examples, the UE 115-b may receive an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations from a set of reference signals. Thus, monitoring the set of reference signals may include performing the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations based on receiving the indication. In some other examples, the UE 115-b may receive, from the network entity 105-b, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations via a set of interference measurement resources. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 115-b may receive, from the network entity 105-b, to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations, a first indication of one or more synchronization signal set identifiers associated with the set of reference signals, a second indication of one or more control resource set identifiers associated with the set of reference signals, a third indication of one or more synchronization signal block identifiers associated with the set of reference signals, or any combination thereof. Further, monitoring the set of reference signals may be based on receiving the first indication, the second indication, the third indication, or any combination thereof.
[0156] At 515, the UE 115-b may monitor, from the network entity 105-b, a set of reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE 115-b indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions. In some other cases, the UE 115-b may monitor, from the network entity 105-b, the set of interference measurement resources in accordance with the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE 115-b indicated via the report. The set of interference measurement resources may be used to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations. Further, the UE 115-b may monitor, from the network entity 105-b, the set of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme based on a quantity of downlink channel structures. The quantity of the downlink channel structures may be associated with one or more SINR noise ratios that are based on one or more reference signal measurements. In some other cases, the UE 115-b, may receive from the network entity 105-b, an indication to monitor the set of reference signals in accordance with a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes based on the report indicating the UE 115-b support for the second monitoring scheme and a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes. The UE 115-b may then monitor the set of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme based on receiving the indication.
[0157] Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 115-b may receive, from the network entity 105-b, an indication of one or more reference signal measurement thresholds for reference signal measurements performed in accordance with the second monitoring scheme. Monitoring the set of reference signals is based on receiving the indication. In some other examples, the UE 115-b may transmit an indication of a difference between a first reference signal measurement associated with a first reference signal of the set of reference signals and a first reference signal measurement prediction associated with a second reference signal of the set of reference signals that is different from the first reference signal, an indication of a first average of one or more reference signal measurements associated with the first reference signal over a temporal window, an indication of a second average of one or more reference signal measurement predictions associated the second reference signal over the temporal window, an indication of a difference of the first average and the second average over the temporal window, or any combination thereof. Further, the UE 115-b may transmit, to the network entity 105-b, one or more indications associated with the corresponding set of conditions of each one of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE 115-b indicated via the report. The one or more communication parameters may then be modified based on the one or more indications.
[0158] In some examples, a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes may be associated with RSRP based performance monitoring, a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes may be associated with SINR noise ratio based performance monitoring, and a third monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes may be associated with BLER based performance monitoring. Further, the first monitoring scheme associated with the RSRP based performance monitoring may be associated with a first corresponding set of conditions, the second monitoring scheme associated with the SINR noise ratio based performance monitoring may be associated with the first set of corresponding set of conditions and a second corresponding set of conditions, and the third monitoring scheme associated with the BLER based performance monitoring may be associated with the second corresponding set of conditions. Moreover, the first corresponding set of conditions may be associated with a transmission density of a set of measured beams and the second corresponding set of conditions may be associated with an AI model activation or deactivation. Additionally, the third monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes that is associated with the BLER based performance monitoring may be associated with a set of downlink channel structures, a set of broadcast channel structures, or both and may correspond to a quantity of SINR noise ratio ranges that are associated with a reference signal of the set of reference signals associated with a reference signal measurement that satisfies a reference signal measurement threshold.
[0159] At 520, the UE 115-b may modify one or more communication parameters based on monitoring the set of reference signals. For example, the UE 115-b may modify a transmission density of a set of beams, one or more AI / ML model parameters, whether an AI / ML model is activated or deactivated, or any combination thereof. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 115-b may transmit, to the network entity 105-b an suggestion to modify the one or more communication parameters based on monitoring the set of reference signals.
[0160] FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communications manager 620. The device 605, or one or more components of the device 605 (e.g., the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, the communications manager 620) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0161] The receiver 610 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 605. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0162] The transmitter 615 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 605. For example, the transmitter 615 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring) . In some examples, the transmitter 615 may be co-located with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 615 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0163] The communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring as described herein. For example, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0164] In some examples, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0165] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0166] In some examples, the communications manager 620 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both. For example, the communications manager 620 may receive information from the receiver 610, send information to the transmitter 615, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0167] The communications manager 620 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a network entity, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for monitoring, from the network entity, a set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for modifying one or more communication parameters based on monitoring the set of multiple reference signals.
[0168] By including or configuring the communications manager 620 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 605 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, the communications manager 620, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for a UE to indicate a capability or preference of a link-quality-related monitoring scheme to support reduced processing, reduced power consumption, and more efficient utilization of communication resources.
[0169] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of a device 605 or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communications manager 720. The device 705, or one of more components of the device 705 (e.g., the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communications manager 720) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0170] The receiver 710 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0171] The transmitter 715 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring) . In some examples, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with a receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0172] The device 705, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720 may include a report transmitter 725, a reference signal monitoring component 730, a communication parameter modification component 735, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 720 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 620 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 720, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communications manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, send information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0173] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The report transmitter 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a network entity, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions. The reference signal monitoring component 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for monitoring, from the network entity, a set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions. The communication parameter modification component 735 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for modify one or more communication parameters based on monitoring the set of multiple reference signals.
[0174] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a communications manager 820 that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 820 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 620, a communications manager 720, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 820, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring as described herein. For example, the communications manager 820 may include a report transmitter 825, a reference signal monitoring component 830, a communication parameter modification component 835, an interference and noise measurement indication receiver 840, an IMR monitoring component 845, a downlink channel resource indication receiver 850, a reference signal monitoring scheme indication receiver 855, a monitoring scheme condition indication transmitter 860, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0175] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The report transmitter 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a network entity, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions. The reference signal monitoring component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for monitoring, from the network entity, a set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions. The communication parameter modification component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for modify one or more communication parameters based on monitoring the set of multiple reference signals.
[0176] In some examples, to support transmitting the report, the report transmitter 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the network entity, a UE capability report that indicates the UE support for the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, a preference report that indicates that the UE supports the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes and has a preference at least one monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, or a combination thereof.
[0177] In some examples, the interference and noise measurement indication receiver 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the network entity, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations from the set of multiple reference signals, where monitoring the set of multiple reference signals includes performing the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations based on receiving the indication.
[0178] In some examples, the interference and noise measurement indication receiver 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the network entity, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations via a set of multiple interference measurement resources. In some examples, the IMR monitoring component 845 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for monitoring, from the network entity, the set of multiple interference measurement resources in accordance with the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report, where the set of multiple interference measurement resources are used to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations.
[0179] In some examples, the interference and noise measurement indication receiver 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the network entity, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations. In some examples, the downlink channel resource indication receiver 850 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the network entity to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations, a first indication of one or more synchronization signal set identifiers associated with the set of multiple reference signals, a second indication of one or more or more control resource set identifiers associated with the set of multiple reference signals, a third indication of one or more synchronization signal block identifiers associated with the set of multiple reference signals, or any combination thereof, where monitoring the set of multiple reference signals is based at least in part receiving the first indication, the second indication, the third indication, or any combination thereof.
[0180] In some examples, to support monitoring the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme, the reference signal monitoring component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for monitoring, from the network entity, the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme based on a quantity of downlink channel structures, the quantity of the downlink channel structures being associated with one or more SINR noise ratios that are based on one or more reference signal measurements.
[0181] In some examples, to support transmitting the report, the report transmitter 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the network entity via an uplink message, the report indicating a preference for the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, where monitoring the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme is based on indicating the preference for the monitoring scheme via the report.
[0182] In some examples, the uplink message is a radio resource control message, a medium access control-control element, uplink control information message, or a combination thereof.
[0183] In some examples, the reference signal monitoring scheme indication receiver 855 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the network entity, an indication to monitor the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes based on the report indicating UE support for the second monitoring scheme and a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes. In some examples, the reference signal monitoring component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for monitoring, from the network entity, the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme based on receiving the indication.
[0184] In some examples, to support transmitting the report, the report transmitter 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the network entity, the report indicating UE support for the first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes. In some examples, to support transmitting the report, the report transmitter 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the network entity via the report, an indication of UE support for the second monitoring scheme based on the report indicating the UE support for the first monitoring scheme, where monitoring the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme is based on the indication of the UE support for the second monitoring scheme indicated via the report.
[0185] In some examples, to support monitoring the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme, the reference signal monitoring component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the network entity, an indication of a difference between a first reference signal measurement associated with a first reference signal of the set of multiple reference signals and a first reference signal measurement prediction associated with a second reference signal of the set of multiple reference signals that is different from the first reference signal, an indication of a first average of one or more reference signal measurements associated with the first reference signal over a temporal window, an indication of a second average of one or more reference signal measurement predictions associated the second reference signal over the temporal window, an indication of a difference of the first average and the second average over the temporal window, or any combination thereof.
[0186] In some examples, to support monitoring the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme, the reference signal monitoring component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the network entity, an indication of one or more reference signal measurement thresholds for reference signal measurements performed in accordance with the second monitoring scheme, where monitoring the set of multiple reference signals is based on receiving the indication.
[0187] In some examples, a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a RSRP based performance monitoring scheme, a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a SINR noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme, and a third monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a BLER based performance monitoring scheme.
[0188] In some examples, the first monitoring scheme associated with the RSRP based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a first corresponding set of conditions, the second monitoring scheme associated with the SINR noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the first corresponding set of conditions and a second corresponding set of conditions, and the third monitoring scheme associated with the BLER based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the second corresponding set of conditions.
[0189] In some examples, both the RSRP based performance monitoring scheme and the SINR performance based monitoring scheme are used for determining a transmission density of a set of measured beams and both the SINR based performance monitoring scheme and the BLER based performance monitoring scheme are used for determining an activation of an AI model, a deactivation of the AI model, or both.
[0190] In some examples, the BLER based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a set of downlink channel structures, a set of broadcast channel structures, or both that correspond to a quantity of SINR noise ratio ranges that are associated with a reference signal of the set of multiple reference signals associated with a reference signal measurement that satisfies a reference signal measurement threshold.
[0191] In some examples, the monitoring scheme condition indication transmitter 860 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the network entity, one or more indications associated with the corresponding set of conditions of each one of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report, where the one or more communication parameters are modified based on the one or more indications.
[0192] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system 900 including a device 905 that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of or include components of a device 605, a device 705, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 905 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more other devices (e.g., network entities 105, UEs 115, or a combination thereof) . The device 905 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 920, an input / output (I / O) controller, such as an I / O controller 910, a transceiver 915, one or more antennas 925, at least one memory 930, code 935, and at least one processor 940. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 945) .
[0193] The I / O controller 910 may manage input and output signals for the device 905. The I / O controller 910 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 905. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 910 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 940. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 905 via the I / O controller 910 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 910.
[0194] In some cases, the device 905 may include a single antenna. However, in some other cases, the device 905 may have more than one antenna, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 915 may communicate bi-directionally via the one or more antennas 925 using wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 915 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 915 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 925 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 925. The transceiver 915, or the transceiver 915 and one or more antennas 925, may be an example of a transmitter 615, a transmitter 715, a receiver 610, a receiver 710, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0195] The at least one memory 930 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 930 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 935. The code 935 may include instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 940, cause the device 905 to perform various functions described herein. The code 935 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 935 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 940 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 930 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0196] The at least one processor 940 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 940 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 940. The at least one processor 940 may be configured to execute computer- readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 930) to cause the device 905 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring) . For example, the device 905 or a component of the device 905 may include at least one processor 940 and at least one memory 930 coupled with or to the at least one processor 940, the at least one processor 940 and the at least one memory 930 configured to perform various functions described herein.
[0197] In some examples, the at least one processor 940 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 930 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 940 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 940) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 930) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 940 or a processing system including the at least one processor 940 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 905 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code 935 (e.g., processor-executable code) stored in the at least one memory 930 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0198] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a network entity, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for monitoring, from the network entity, a set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for modifying one or more communication parameters based on monitoring the set of multiple reference signals.
[0199] By including or configuring the communications manager 920 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 905 may support techniques for a UE to indicate a capability or preference of a link-quality-related monitoring scheme to support improved communication reliability, reduced latency, improved user experience related to reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, and improved utilization of processing capability.
[0200] In some examples, the communications manager 920 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 915, the one or more antennas 925, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 920 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 920 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 940, the at least one memory 930, the code 935, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 935 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 940 to cause the device 905 to perform various aspects of link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring as described herein, or the at least one processor 940 and the at least one memory 930 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0201] FIG. 10 shows a block diagram 1000 of a device 1005 that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1005 may be an example of aspects of a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1005 may include a receiver 1010, a transmitter 1015, and a communications manager 1020. The device 1005, or one or more components of the device 1005 (e.g., the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, the communications manager 1020) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0202] The receiver 1010 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1005. In some examples, the receiver 1010 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 1010 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.
[0203] The transmitter 1015 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 1005. For example, the transmitter 1015 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . In some examples, the transmitter 1015 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 1015 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1015 and the receiver 1010 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.
[0204] The communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0205] In some examples, the communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0206] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0207] In some examples, the communications manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or both. For example, the communications manager 1020 may receive information from the receiver 1010, send information to the transmitter 1015, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0208] The communications manager 1020 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving , from a UE, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions . The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the UE, a set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions.
[0209] By including or configuring the communications manager 1020 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1005 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, the communications manager 1020, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for a UE to indicate a capability or preference of a link-quality-related monitoring scheme to support reduced processing, reduced power consumption, and more efficient utilization of communication resources.
[0210] FIG. 11 shows a block diagram 1100 of a device 1105 that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1105 may be an example of aspects of a device 1005 or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1105 may include a receiver 1110, a transmitter 1115, and a communications manager 1120. The device 1105, or one of more components of the device 1105 (e.g., the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, the communications manager 1120) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0211] The receiver 1110 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1105. In some examples, the receiver 1110 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 1110 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.
[0212] The transmitter 1115 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 1105. For example, the transmitter 1115 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . In some examples, the transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1115 and the receiver 1110 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.
[0213] The device 1105, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1120 may include a report receiver 1125 a reference signal transmitter 1130, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 1120 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1020 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 1120, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or both. For example, the communications manager 1120 may receive information from the receiver 1110, send information to the transmitter 1115, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0214] The communications manager 1120 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The report receiver 1125 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving , from a UE, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions . The reference signal transmitter 1130 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the UE, a set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions.
[0215] FIG. 12 shows a block diagram 1200 of a communications manager 1220 that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1220 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1020, a communications manager 1120, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 1220, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1220 may include a report receiver 1225, a reference signal transmitter 1230, an interference and noise measurement indication transmitter 1235, a downlink channel resource indication transmitter 1240, a reference signal monitoring manager 1245, a monitoring scheme condition indication receiver 1250, a communication parameter modification manager 1260, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) . The communications may include communications within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with a network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with a network entity 105) , or any combination thereof.
[0216] The communications manager 1220 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The report receiver 1225 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving , from a UE, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions . The reference signal transmitter 1230 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the UE, a set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions.
[0217] In some examples, to support receiving the report, the report receiver 1225 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the UE, a UE capability report that indicates the UE support for the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, a preference report that indicates that the UE supports the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes and has a preference at least one monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, or a combination thereof.
[0218] In some examples, the interference and noise measurement indication transmitter 1235 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the UE, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations from the set of multiple reference signals, where monitoring the set of multiple reference signals includes performing the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations based on receiving the indication.
[0219] In some examples, the interference and noise measurement indication transmitter 1235 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the UE, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations via a set of multiple interference measurement resources.
[0220] In some examples, the interference and noise measurement indication transmitter 1235 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the UE, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations. In some examples, the downlink channel resource indication transmitter 1240 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the UE to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations, a first indication of one or more synchronization signal set identifiers associated with the set of multiple reference signals, a second indication of one or more or more control resource set identifiers associated with the set of multiple reference signals, a third indication of one or more synchronization signal block identifiers associated with the set of multiple reference signals, or any combination thereof, where monitoring the set of multiple reference signals is based at least in part receiving the first indication, the second indication, the third indication, or any combination thereof.
[0221] In some examples, to support receiving the report, the report receiver 1225 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the UE via an uplink message, the report indicating a preference for the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, where monitoring the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme is based on indicating the preference for the monitoring scheme via the report.
[0222] In some examples, the uplink message is a radio resource control message, a medium access control-control element, uplink control information message, or a combination thereof.
[0223] In some examples, the reference signal monitoring manager 1245 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the UE, an indication to monitor the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes based on the report indicating UE support for the second monitoring scheme and a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes.
[0224] In some examples, to support transmitting the report, the report receiver 1225 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the UE, the report indicating UE support for the first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes. In some examples, to support transmitting the report, the report receiver 1225 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the UE via the report, an indication of UE support for the second monitoring scheme based on the report indicating the UE support for the first monitoring scheme, where monitoring the set of multiple reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme is based on the indication of the UE support for the second monitoring scheme indicated via the report.
[0225] In some examples, the report receiver 1225 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the UE, an indication of a difference between a first reference signal measurement associated with a first reference signal of the set of multiple reference signals and a first reference signal measurement prediction associated with a second reference signal of the set of multiple reference signals that is different from the first reference signal, an indication of a first average of one or more reference signal measurements associated with the first reference signal over a temporal window, an indication of a second average of one or more reference signal measurement predictions associated the second reference signal over the temporal window, an indication of a difference of the first average and the second average over the temporal window, or any combination thereof.
[0226] In some examples, the reference signal monitoring manager 1245 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the UE, an indication of one or more reference signal measurement thresholds for reference signal measurements performed in accordance with the second monitoring scheme.
[0227] In some examples, a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a RSRP based performance monitoring scheme, a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a SINR noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme, and a third monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a BLER based performance monitoring scheme.
[0228] In some examples, the first monitoring scheme associated with the RSRP based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a first corresponding set of conditions, the second monitoring scheme associated with the SINR noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the first corresponding set of conditions and a second corresponding set of conditions, and the third monitoring scheme associated with the BLER based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the second corresponding set of conditions.
[0229] In some examples, both the RSRP based performance monitoring scheme and the SINR performance based monitoring scheme are used for determining a transmission density of a set of measured beams and both the SINR based performance monitoring scheme and the BLER based performance monitoring scheme are used for determining an activation of an AI model, a deactivation of the AI model, or both.
[0230] In some examples, the BLER based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a set of downlink channel structures, a set of broadcast channel structures, or both that correspond to a quantity of SINR noise ratio ranges that are associated with a reference signal of the set of multiple reference signals associated with a reference signal measurement that satisfies a reference signal measurement threshold.
[0231] In some examples, the monitoring scheme condition indication receiver 1250 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the UE, one or more indications associated with the corresponding set of conditions of each one of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report.
[0232] In some examples, the communication parameter modification manager 1260 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for modifying one or more communication parameters based on receiving the one or more indications.
[0233] FIG. 13 shows a diagram of a system 1300 including a device 1305 that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1305 may be an example of or include components of a device 1005, a device 1105, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1305 may communicate with other network devices or network equipment such as one or more of the network entities 105, UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The communications may include communications over one or more wired interfaces, over one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 1305 may include components that support outputting and obtaining communications, such as a communications manager 1320, a transceiver 1310, one or more antennas 1315, at least one memory 1325, code 1330, and at least one processor 1335. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1340) .
[0234] The transceiver 1310 may support bi-directional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1310 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1310 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1305 may include one or more antennas 1315, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently) . The transceiver 1310 may also include a modem to modulate signals, to provide the modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 1315, by a wired transmitter) , to receive modulated signals (e.g., from one or more antennas 1315, from a wired receiver) , and to demodulate signals. In some implementations, the transceiver 1310 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1315 that are configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1315 that are configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1310 may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or one or more memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other outputting, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1310, or the transceiver 1310 and the one or more antennas 1315, or the transceiver 1310 and the one or more antennas 1315 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., the at least one processor 1335, the at least one memory 1325, or both) , may be included in a chip or chip assembly that is installed in the device 1305. In some examples, the transceiver 1310 may be operable to support communications via one or more communications links (e.g., communication link (s) 125, backhaul communication link (s) 120, a midhaul communication link 162, a fronthaul communication link 168) .
[0235] The at least one memory 1325 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. The at least one memory 1325 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 1330. The code 1330 may include instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 1335, cause the device 1305 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1330 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1330 may not be directly executable by a processor of the at least one processor 1335 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1325 may include, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some examples, the at least one processor 1335 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1325 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein (for example, as part of a processing system) .
[0236] The at least one processor 1335 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1335 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 1335. The at least one processor 1335 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., one or more of the at least one memory 1325) to cause the device 1305 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring) . For example, the device 1305 or a component of the device 1305 may include at least one processor 1335 and at least one memory 1325 coupled with one or more of the at least one processor 1335, the at least one processor 1335 and the at least one memory 1325 configured to perform various functions described herein. The at least one processor 1335 may be an example of a cloud-computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as operating systems, virtual machines, or container instances) that may host the functions (e.g., by executing code 1330) to perform the functions of the device 1305. The at least one processor 1335 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 1305 (such as within one or more of the at least one memory 1325) .
[0237] In some examples, the at least one processor 1335 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1325 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1335 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1335) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1325) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 1335 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1335 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1305 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code stored in the at least one memory 1325 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0238] In some examples, a bus 1340 may support communications of (e.g., within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some examples, a bus 1340 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack) , which may include communications performed within a component of the device 1305, or between different components of the device 1305 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where the device 1305 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 1320, the transceiver 1310, the at least one memory 1325, the code 1330, and the at least one processor 1335 may be located in one of the different components or divided between different components) .
[0239] In some examples, the communications manager 1320 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) . For example, the communications manager 1320 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communications manager 1320 may manage communications with one or more other network entities 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 (e.g., in cooperation with the one or more other network devices) . In some examples, the communications manager 1320 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.
[0240] The communications manager 1320 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1320 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving , from a UE, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions . The communications manager 1320 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the UE, a set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions.
[0241] By including or configuring the communications manager 1320 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1305 may support techniques for a UE to indicate a capability or preference of a link-quality-related monitoring scheme to support improved communication reliability, reduced latency, improved user experience related to reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, and improved utilization of processing capability.
[0242] In some examples, the communications manager 1320 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1310, the one or more antennas 1315 (e.g., where applicable) , or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1320 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1320 may be supported by or performed by the transceiver 1310, one or more of the at least one processor 1335, one or more of the at least one memory 1325, the code 1330, or any combination thereof (for example, by a processing system including at least a portion of the at least one processor 1335, the at least one memory 1325, the code 1330, or any combination thereof) . For example, the code 1330 may include instructions executable by one or more of the at least one processor 1335 to cause the device 1305 to perform various aspects of link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring as described herein, or the at least one processor 1335 and the at least one memory 1325 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0243] FIG. 14 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1400 that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1400 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0244] At 1405, the method may include transmitting, to a network entity, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions. The operations of 1405 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1405 may be performed by a report transmitter 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0245] At 1410, the method may include monitoring, from the network entity, a set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions. The operations of 1410 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed by a reference signal monitoring component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0246] At 1415, the method may include modify one or more communication parameters based on monitoring the set of multiple reference signals. The operations of 1415 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1415 may be performed by a communication parameter modification component 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0247] FIG. 15 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1500 that supports link-quality-related beam prediction performance monitoring in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1500 may be performed by a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 5 and 10 through 13. In some examples, a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0248] At 1505, the method may include receiving , from a UE, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions . The operations of 1505 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be performed by a report receiver 1225 as described with reference to FIG. 12.
[0249] At 1510, the method may include transmitting, to the UE, a set of multiple reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions. The operations of 1510 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed by a reference signal transmitter 1230 as described with reference to FIG. 12.
[0250] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0251] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications by a UE, comprising: transmitting, to a network entity, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions; monitoring, from the network entity, a plurality of reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions; and modify one or more communication parameters based at least in part on monitoring the plurality of reference signals.
[0252] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein transmitting the report comprises: transmitting, to the network entity, a UE capability report that indicates the UE support for the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, a preference report that indicates that the UE supports the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes and has a preference at least one monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, or a combination thereof.
[0253] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, further comprising: receiving, from the network entity, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations from the plurality of reference signals, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals comprises performing the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations based at least in part on receiving the indication.
[0254] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 1 through 3, further comprising: receiving, from the network entity, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations via a plurality of interference measurement resources; and monitoring, from the network entity, the plurality of interference measurement resources in accordance with the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report, wherein the plurality of interference measurement resources are used to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations.
[0255] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, further comprising: receiving, from the network entity, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations; and receiving, from the network entity to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations, a first indication of one or more synchronization signal set identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, a second indication of one or more or more control resource set identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, a third indication of one or more synchronization signal block identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, or any combination thereof, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals is based at least in part receiving the first indication, the second indication, the third indication, or any combination thereof.
[0256] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme comprises: monitoring, from the network entity, the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme based at least in part on a quantity of downlink channel structures, the quantity of the downlink channel structures being associated with one or more SINR noise ratios that are based at least in part on one or more reference signal measurements.
[0257] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 1 through 6, wherein transmitting the report comprises: transmitting, to the network entity via an uplink message, the report indicating a preference for the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme is based at least in part on indicating the preference for the monitoring scheme via the report.
[0258] Aspect 8: The method of aspect 7, wherein the uplink message is a radio resource control message, a medium access control-control element, uplink control information message, or a combination thereof.
[0259] Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 1 through 8, further comprising: receiving, from the network entity, an indication to monitor the plurality of reference signals in accordance with a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes based at least in part on the report indicating UE support for the second monitoring scheme and a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes; and monitoring, from the network entity, the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme based at least in part on receiving the indication.
[0260] Aspect 10: The method of aspect 9, wherein transmitting the report comprises: transmitting, to the network entity, the report indicating UE support for the first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes; and transmitting, to the network entity via the report, an indication of UE support for the second monitoring scheme based at least in part on the report indicating the UE support for the first monitoring scheme, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme is based at least in part on the indication of the UE support for the second monitoring scheme indicated via the report.
[0261] Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 9 through 10, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme comprises: transmitting, to the network entity, an indication of a difference between a first reference signal measurement associated with a first reference signal of the plurality of reference signals and a first reference signal measurement prediction associated with a second reference signal of the plurality of reference signals that is different from the first reference signal, an indication of a first average of one or more reference signal measurements associated with the first reference signal over a temporal window, an indication of a second average of one or more reference signal measurement predictions associated the second reference signal over the temporal window, an indication of a difference of the first average and the second average over the temporal window, or any combination thereof.
[0262] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 9 through 11, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme comprises: receiving, from the network entity, an indication of one or more reference signal measurement thresholds for reference signal measurements performed in accordance with the second monitoring scheme, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals is based at least in part on receiving the indication.
[0263] Aspect 13: The method of any of aspects 1 through 12, wherein a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a RSRP based performance monitoring scheme, a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a SINR noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme, and a third monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a BLER based performance monitoring scheme.
[0264] Aspect 14: The method of aspect 13, wherein the first monitoring scheme associated with the RSRP based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a first corresponding set of conditions, the second monitoring scheme associated with the SINR noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the first corresponding set of conditions and a second corresponding set of conditions, and the third monitoring scheme associated with the BLER based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the second corresponding set of conditions.
[0265] Aspect 15: The method of any of aspects 13 through 14, wherein both the RSRP based performance monitoring scheme and the SINR performance based monitoring scheme are used for determining a transmission density of a set of measured beams and both the SINR based performance monitoring scheme and the BLER based performance monitoring scheme are used for determining an activation of an AI model, a deactivation of the AI model, or both.
[0266] Aspect 16: The method of any of aspects 13 through 15, wherein the BLER based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a set of downlink channel structures, a set of broadcast channel structures, or both that correspond to a quantity of SINR noise ratio ranges that are associated with a reference signal of the plurality of reference signals associated with a reference signal measurement that satisfies a reference signal measurement threshold.
[0267] Aspect 17: The method of any of aspects 1 through 16, further comprising: transmitting, to the network entity, one or more indications associated with the corresponding set of conditions of each one of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report, wherein the one or more communication parameters are modified based at least in part on the one or more indications.
[0268] Aspect 18: A method for wireless communications by a network entity, comprising: receiving , from a UE, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions ; and transmitting, to the UE, a plurality of reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions.
[0269] Aspect 19: The method of aspect 18, wherein receiving the report comprises: receiving, from the UE, a UE capability report that indicates the UE support for the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, a preference report that indicates that the UE supports the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes and has a preference at least one monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, or a combination thereof.
[0270] Aspect 20: The method of any of aspects 18 through 19, further comprising: transmitting, to the UE, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations from the plurality of reference signals, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals comprises performing the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations based at least in part on receiving the indication.
[0271] Aspect 21: The method of any of aspects 18 through 20, further comprising: transmitting, to the UE, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations via a plurality of interference measurement resources.
[0272] Aspect 22: The method of any of aspects 18 through 21, further comprising: transmitting, to the UE, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations; and transmitting, to the UE to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations, a first indication of one or more synchronization signal set identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, a second indication of one or more or more control resource set identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, a third indication of one or more synchronization signal block identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, or any combination thereof, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals is based at least in part receiving the first indication, the second indication, the third indication, or any combination thereof.
[0273] Aspect 23: The method of any of aspects 18 through 22, wherein receiving the report comprises: receiving, from the UE via an uplink message, the report indicating a preference for the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme is based at least in part on indicating the preference for the monitoring scheme via the report.
[0274] Aspect 24: The method of aspect 23, wherein the uplink message is a radio resource control message, a medium access control-control element, uplink control information message, or a combination thereof.
[0275] Aspect 25: The method of any of aspects 18 through 24, further comprising: transmitting, to the UE, an indication to monitor the plurality of reference signals in accordance with a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes based at least in part on the report indicating UE support for the second monitoring scheme and a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes.
[0276] Aspect 26: The method of aspect 25, wherein transmitting the report comprises: receiving, from the UE, the report indicating UE support for the first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes; and receiving, from the UE via the report, an indication of UE support for the second monitoring scheme based at least in part on the report indicating the UE support for the first monitoring scheme, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme is based at least in part on the indication of the UE support for the second monitoring scheme indicated via the report.
[0277] Aspect 27: The method of any of aspects 25 through 26, further comprising: receiving, from the UE, an indication of a difference between a first reference signal measurement associated with a first reference signal of the plurality of reference signals and a first reference signal measurement prediction associated with a second reference signal of the plurality of reference signals that is different from the first reference signal, an indication of a first average of one or more reference signal measurements associated with the first reference signal over a temporal window, an indication of a second average of one or more reference signal measurement predictions associated the second reference signal over the temporal window, an indication of a difference of the first average and the second average over the temporal window, or any combination thereof.
[0278] Aspect 28: The method of any of aspects 25 through 27, further comprising: transmitting, to the UE, an indication of one or more reference signal measurement thresholds for reference signal measurements performed in accordance with the second monitoring scheme.
[0279] Aspect 29: The method of any of aspects 18 through 28, wherein a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a RSRP based performance monitoring scheme, a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a SINR noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme, and a third monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a BLER based performance monitoring scheme.
[0280] Aspect 30: The method of aspect 29, wherein the first monitoring scheme associated with the RSRP based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a first corresponding set of conditions, the second monitoring scheme associated with the SINR noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the first corresponding set of conditions and a second corresponding set of conditions, and the third monitoring scheme associated with the BLER based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the second corresponding set of conditions.
[0281] Aspect 31: The method of any of aspects 29 through 30, wherein both the RSRP based performance monitoring scheme and the SINR performance based monitoring scheme are used for determining a transmission density of a set of measured beams and both the SINR based performance monitoring scheme and the BLER based performance monitoring scheme are used for determining an activation of an AI model, a deactivation of the AI model, or both.
[0282] Aspect 32: The method of any of aspects 29 through 31, wherein the BLER based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a set of downlink channel structures, a set of broadcast channel structures, or both that correspond to a quantity of SINR noise ratio ranges that are associated with a reference signal of the plurality of reference signals associated with a reference signal measurement that satisfies a reference signal measurement threshold.
[0283] Aspect 33: The method of any of aspects 18 through 32, further comprising: receiving, from the UE, one or more indications associated with the corresponding set of conditions of each one of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report.
[0284] Aspect 34: The method of aspect 33, further comprising: modifying one or more communication parameters based at least in part on receiving the one or more indications.
[0285] Aspect 35: A UE for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 17.
[0286] Aspect 36: A UE for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 17.
[0287] Aspect 37: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 17.
[0288] Aspect 38: A network entity for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to perform a method of any of aspects 18 through 34.
[0289] Aspect 39: A network entity for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 18 through 34.
[0290] Aspect 40: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 18 through 34.
[0291] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations. The operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0292] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0293] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0294] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a neural processing unit (NPU) , an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0295] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0296] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0297] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0298] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “a component” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “a component” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0299] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining, and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) , and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0300] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label or other subsequent reference label.
[0301] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some figures, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0302] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:transmit, to a network entity, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions;monitor, from the network entity, a plurality of reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions; andmodify one or more communication parameters based at least in part on monitoring the plurality of reference signals.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein, to transmit the report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:transmit, to the network entity, a UE capability report that indicates the UE support for the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, a preference report that indicates that the UE supports the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes and has a preference at least one monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, or a combination thereof.3.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive, from the network entity, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations from the plurality of reference signals, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals comprises performing the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations based at least in part on receiving the indication.4.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive, from the network entity, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations via a plurality of interference measurement resources; andmonitor, from the network entity, the plurality of interference measurement resources in accordance with the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report, wherein the plurality of interference measurement resources are used to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations.5.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive, from the network entity, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations; andreceive, from the network entity to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations, a first indication of one or more synchronization signal set identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, a second indication of one or more or more control resource set identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, a third indication of one or more synchronization signal block identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, or any combination thereof, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals is based at least in part receiving the first indication, the second indication, the third indication, or any combination thereof.6.The UE of claim 1, wherein, to monitor the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:monitor, from the network entity, the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme based at least in part on a quantity of downlink channel structures, the quantity of the downlink channel structures being associated with one or more signal to interference noise ratios that are based at least in part on one or more reference signal measurements.7.The UE of claim 1, wherein, to transmit the report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:transmit, to the network entity via an uplink message, the report indicating a preference for the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme is based at least in part on indicating the preference for the monitoring scheme via the report.8.The UE of claim 7, wherein the uplink message is a radio resource control message, a medium access control-control element, uplink control information message, or a combination thereof.9.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive, from the network entity, an indication to monitor the plurality of reference signals in accordance with a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes based at least in part on the report indicating UE support for the second monitoring scheme and a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes; andmonitor, from the network entity, the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme based at least in part on receiving the indication.10.The UE of claim 9, wherein, to transmit the report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:transmit, to the network entity, the report indicating UE support for the first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes; andtransmit, to the network entity via the report, an indication of UE support for the second monitoring scheme based at least in part on the report indicating the UE support for the first monitoring scheme, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme is based at least in part on the indication of the UE support for the second monitoring scheme indicated via the report.11.The UE of claim 9, wherein, to monitor the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:transmit, to the network entity, an indication of a difference between a first reference signal measurement associated with a first reference signal of the plurality of reference signals and a first reference signal measurement prediction associated with a second reference signal of the plurality of reference signals that is different from the first reference signal, an indication of a first average of one or more reference signal measurements associated with the first reference signal over a temporal window, an indication of a second average of one or more reference signal measurement predictions associated the second reference signal over the temporal window, an indication of a difference of the first average and the second average over the temporal window, or any combination thereof.12.The UE of claim 9, wherein, to monitor the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive, from the network entity, an indication of one or more reference signal measurement thresholds for reference signal measurements performed in accordance with the second monitoring scheme, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals is based at least in part on receiving the indication.13.The UE of claim 1, wherein a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme, a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme, and a third monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a block error rate based performance monitoring scheme.14.The UE of claim 13, wherein the first monitoring scheme associated with the reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a first corresponding set of conditions, the second monitoring scheme associated with the signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the first corresponding set of conditions and a second corresponding set of conditions, and the third monitoring scheme associated with the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the second corresponding set of conditions.15.The UE of claim 13, wherein both the reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme and the signal to interference noise ratio performance based monitoring scheme are used for determining a transmission density of a set of measured beams and both the signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme and the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme are used for determining an activation of an artificial intelligence model, a deactivation of the artificial intelligence model, or both.16.The UE of claim 13, wherein the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a set of downlink channel structures, a set of broadcast channel structures, or both that correspond to a quantity of signal to interference noise ratio ranges that are associated with a reference signal of the plurality of reference signals associated with a reference signal measurement that satisfies a reference signal measurement threshold.17.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:transmit, to the network entity, one or more indications associated with the corresponding set of conditions of each one of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report, wherein the one or more communication parameters are modified based at least in part on the one or more indications.18.A network entity, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to:receive , from a user equipment (UE) , a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions ; andtransmit, to the UE, a plurality of reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions.19.The network entity of claim 18, wherein, to receive the report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to:receive, from the UE, a UE capability report that indicates the UE support for the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, a preference report that indicates that the UE supports the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes and has a preference at least one monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, or a combination thereof.20.The network entity of claim 18, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to:transmit, to the UE, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations from the plurality of reference signals, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals comprises performing the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations based at least in part on receiving the indication.21.The network entity of claim 18, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to:transmit, to the UE, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations via a plurality of interference measurement resources.22.The network entity of claim 18, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to:transmit, to the UE, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations; andtransmit, to the UE to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations, a first indication of one or more synchronization signal set identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, a second indication of one or more or more control resource set identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, a third indication of one or more synchronization signal block identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, or any combination thereof, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals is based at least in part receiving the first indication, the second indication, the third indication, or any combination thereof.23.The network entity of claim 18, wherein, to receive the report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to:receive, from the UE via an uplink message, the report indicating a preference for the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme is based at least in part on indicating the preference for the monitoring scheme via the report.24.The network entity of claim 23, wherein the uplink message is a radio resource control message, a medium access control-control element, uplink control information message, or a combination thereof.25.The network entity of claim 18, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to:transmit, to the UE, an indication to monitor the plurality of reference signals in accordance with a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes based at least in part on the report indicating UE support for the second monitoring scheme and a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes.26.The network entity of claim 25, wherein, to transmit the report, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to:receive, from the UE, the report indicating UE support for the first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes; andreceive, from the UE via the report, an indication of UE support for the second monitoring scheme based at least in part on the report indicating the UE support for the first monitoring scheme, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme is based at least in part on the indication of the UE support for the second monitoring scheme indicated via the report.27.The network entity of claim 25, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to:receive, from the UE, an indication of a difference between a first reference signal measurement associated with a first reference signal of the plurality of reference signals and a first reference signal measurement prediction associated with a second reference signal of the plurality of reference signals that is different from the first reference signal, an indication of a first average of one or more reference signal measurements associated with the first reference signal over a temporal window, an indication of a second average of one or more reference signal measurement predictions associated the second reference signal over the temporal window, an indication of a difference of the first average and the second average over the temporal window, or any combination thereof.28.The network entity of claim 25, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to:transmit, to the UE, an indication of one or more reference signal measurement thresholds for reference signal measurements performed in accordance with the second monitoring scheme.29.The network entity of claim 18, wherein a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme, a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme, and a third monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a block error rate based performance monitoring scheme.30.The network entity of claim 29, wherein the first monitoring scheme associated with the reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a first corresponding set of conditions, the second monitoring scheme associated with the signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the first corresponding set of conditions and a second corresponding set of conditions, and the third monitoring scheme associated with the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the second corresponding set of conditions.31.The network entity of claim 29, wherein both the reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme and the signal to interference noise ratio performance based monitoring scheme are used for determining a transmission density of a set of measured beams and both the signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme and the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme are used for determining an activation of an artificial intelligence model, a deactivation of the artificial intelligence model, or both.32.The network entity of claim 29, wherein the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a set of downlink channel structures, a set of broadcast channel structures, or both that correspond to a quantity of signal to interference noise ratio ranges that are associated with a reference signal of the plurality of reference signals associated with a reference signal measurement that satisfies a reference signal measurement threshold.33.The network entity of claim 18, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to:receive, from the UE, one or more indications associated with the corresponding set of conditions of each one of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report.34.The network entity of claim 33, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to:modify one or more communication parameters based at least in part on receiving the one or more indications.35.A method for wireless communications by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:transmitting, to a network entity, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions;monitoring, from the network entity, a plurality of reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions; andmodify one or more communication parameters based at least in part on monitoring the plurality of reference signals.36.The method of claim 35, wherein transmitting the report comprises:transmitting, to the network entity, a UE capability report that indicates the UE support for the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, a preference report that indicates that the UE supports the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes and has a preference at least one monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, or a combination thereof.37.The method of claim 35, further comprising:receiving, from the network entity, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations from the plurality of reference signals, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals comprises performing the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations based at least in part on receiving the indication.38.The method of claim 35, further comprising:receiving, from the network entity, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations via a plurality of interference measurement resources; andmonitoring, from the network entity, the plurality of interference measurement resources in accordance with the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report, wherein the plurality of interference measurement resources are used to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations.39.The method of claim 35, further comprising:receiving, from the network entity, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations; andreceiving, from the network entity to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations, a first indication of one or more synchronization signal set identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, a second indication of one or more or more control resource set identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, a third indication of one or more synchronization signal block identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, or any combination thereof, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals is based at least in part receiving the first indication, the second indication, the third indication, or any combination thereof.40.The method of claim 35, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme comprises:monitoring, from the network entity, the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme based at least in part on a quantity of downlink channel structures, the quantity of the downlink channel structures being associated with one or more signal to interference noise ratios that are based at least in part on one or more reference signal measurements.41.The method of claim 35, wherein transmitting the report comprises:transmitting, to the network entity via an uplink message, the report indicating a preference for the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme is based at least in part on indicating the preference for the monitoring scheme via the report.42.The method of claim 41, wherein the uplink message is a radio resource control message, a medium access control-control element, uplink control information message, or a combination thereof.43.The method of claim 35, further comprising:receiving, from the network entity, an indication to monitor the plurality of reference signals in accordance with a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes based at least in part on the report indicating UE support for the second monitoring scheme and a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes; andmonitoring, from the network entity, the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme based at least in part on receiving the indication.44.The method of claim 43, wherein transmitting the report comprises:transmitting, to the network entity, the report indicating UE support for the first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes; andtransmitting, to the network entity via the report, an indication of UE support for the second monitoring scheme based at least in part on the report indicating the UE support for the first monitoring scheme, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme is based at least in part on the indication of the UE support for the second monitoring scheme indicated via the report.45.The method of claim 43, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme comprises:transmitting, to the network entity, an indication of a difference between a first reference signal measurement associated with a first reference signal of the plurality of reference signals and a first reference signal measurement prediction associated with a second reference signal of the plurality of reference signals that is different from the first reference signal, an indication of a first average of one or more reference signal measurements associated with the first reference signal over a temporal window, an indication of a second average of one or more reference signal measurement predictions associated the second reference signal over the temporal window, an indication of a difference of the first average and the second average over the temporal window, or any combination thereof.46.The method of claim 43, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme comprises:receiving, from the network entity, an indication of one or more reference signal measurement thresholds for reference signal measurements performed in accordance with the second monitoring scheme, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals is based at least in part on receiving the indication.47.The method of claim 35, wherein a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme, a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme, and a third monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a block error rate based performance monitoring scheme.48.The method of claim 47, wherein the first monitoring scheme associated with the reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a first corresponding set of conditions, the second monitoring scheme associated with the signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the first corresponding set of conditions and a second corresponding set of conditions, and the third monitoring scheme associated with the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the second corresponding set of conditions.49.The method of claim 47, wherein both the reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme and the signal to interference noise ratio performance based monitoring scheme are used for determining a transmission density of a set of measured beams and both the signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme and the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme are used for determining an activation of an artificial intelligence model, a deactivation of the artificial intelligence model, or both.50.The method of claim 47, wherein the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a set of downlink channel structures, a set of broadcast channel structures, or both that correspond to a quantity of signal to interference noise ratio ranges that are associated with a reference signal of the plurality of reference signals associated with a reference signal measurement that satisfies a reference signal measurement threshold.51.The method of claim 35, further comprising:transmitting, to the network entity, one or more indications associated with the corresponding set of conditions of each one of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report, wherein the one or more communication parameters are modified based at least in part on the one or more indications.52.A method for wireless communications by a network entity, comprising:receiving , from a user equipment (UE) , a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions ; andtransmitting, to the UE, a plurality of reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions.53.The method of claim 52, wherein receiving the report comprises:receiving, from the UE, a UE capability report that indicates the UE support for the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, a preference report that indicates that the UE supports the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes and has a preference at least one monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, or a combination thereof.54.The method of claim 52, further comprising:transmitting, to the UE, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations from the plurality of reference signals, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals comprises performing the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations based at least in part on receiving the indication.55.The method of claim 52, further comprising:transmitting, to the UE, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations via a plurality of interference measurement resources.56.The method of claim 52, further comprising:transmitting, to the UE, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations; andtransmitting, to the UE to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations, a first indication of one or more synchronization signal set identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, a second indication of one or more or more control resource set identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, a third indication of one or more synchronization signal block identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, or any combination thereof, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals is based at least in part receiving the first indication, the second indication, the third indication, or any combination thereof.57.The method of claim 52, wherein receiving the report comprises:receiving, from the UE via an uplink message, the report indicating a preference for the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme is based at least in part on indicating the preference for the monitoring scheme via the report.58.The method of claim 57, wherein the uplink message is a radio resource control message, a medium access control-control element, uplink control information message, or a combination thereof.59.The method of claim 52, further comprising:transmitting, to the UE, an indication to monitor the plurality of reference signals in accordance with a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes based at least in part on the report indicating UE support for the second monitoring scheme and a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes.60.The method of claim 59, wherein transmitting the report comprises:receiving, from the UE, the report indicating UE support for the first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes; andreceiving, from the UE via the report, an indication of UE support for the second monitoring scheme based at least in part on the report indicating the UE support for the first monitoring scheme, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme is based at least in part on the indication of the UE support for the second monitoring scheme indicated via the report.61.The method of claim 59, further comprising:receiving, from the UE, an indication of a difference between a first reference signal measurement associated with a first reference signal of the plurality of reference signals and a first reference signal measurement prediction associated with a second reference signal of the plurality of reference signals that is different from the first reference signal, an indication of a first average of one or more reference signal measurements associated with the first reference signal over a temporal window, an indication of a second average of one or more reference signal measurement predictions associated the second reference signal over the temporal window, an indication of a difference of the first average and the second average over the temporal window, or any combination thereof.62.The method of claim 59, further comprising:transmitting, to the UE, an indication of one or more reference signal measurement thresholds for reference signal measurements performed in accordance with the second monitoring scheme.63.The method of claim 52, wherein a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme, a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme, and a third monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a block error rate based performance monitoring scheme.64.The method of claim 63, wherein the first monitoring scheme associated with the reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a first corresponding set of conditions, the second monitoring scheme associated with the signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the first corresponding set of conditions and a second corresponding set of conditions, and the third monitoring scheme associated with the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the second corresponding set of conditions.65.The method of claim 63, wherein both the reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme and the signal to interference noise ratio performance based monitoring scheme are used for determining a transmission density of a set of measured beams and both the signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme and the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme are used for determining an activation of an artificial intelligence model, a deactivation of the artificial intelligence model, or both.66.The method of claim 63, wherein the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a set of downlink channel structures, a set of broadcast channel structures, or both that correspond to a quantity of signal to interference noise ratio ranges that are associated with a reference signal of the plurality of reference signals associated with a reference signal measurement that satisfies a reference signal measurement threshold.67.The method of claim 52, further comprising:receiving, from the UE, one or more indications associated with the corresponding set of conditions of each one of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report.68.The method of claim 67, further comprising:modifying one or more communication parameters based at least in part on receiving the one or more indications.69.A user equipment (UE) for wireless communications, comprising:means for transmitting, to a network entity, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions;means for monitoring, from the network entity, a plurality of reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions; andmeans for modify one or more communication parameters based at least in part on monitoring the plurality of reference signals.70.The UE of claim 69, wherein the means for transmitting the report comprise:means for transmitting, to the network entity, a UE capability report that indicates the UE support for the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, a preference report that indicates that the UE supports the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes and has a preference at least one monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, or a combination thereof.71.The UE of claim 69, further comprising:means for receiving, from the network entity, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations from the plurality of reference signals, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals comprises performing the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations based at least in part on receiving the indication.72.The UE of claim 69, further comprising:means for receiving, from the network entity, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations via a plurality of interference measurement resources; andmeans for monitoring, from the network entity, the plurality of interference measurement resources in accordance with the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report, wherein the plurality of interference measurement resources are used to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations.73.The UE of claim 69, further comprising:means for receiving, from the network entity, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations; andmeans for receiving, from the network entity to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations, a first indication of one or more synchronization signal set identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, a second indication of one or more or more control resource set identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, a third indication of one or more synchronization signal block identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, or any combination thereof, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals is based at least in part receiving the first indication, the second indication, the third indication, or any combination thereof.74.The UE of claim 69, wherein the means for monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme comprise:means for monitoring, from the network entity, the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme based at least in part on a quantity of downlink channel structures, the quantity of the downlink channel structures being associated with one or more signal to interference noise ratios that are based at least in part on one or more reference signal measurements.75.The UE of claim 69, wherein the means for transmitting the report comprise:means for transmitting, to the network entity via an uplink message, the report indicating a preference for the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme is based at least in part on indicating the preference for the monitoring scheme via the report.76.The UE of claim 75, wherein the uplink message is a radio resource control message, a medium access control-control element, uplink control information message, or a combination thereof.77.The UE of claim 69, further comprising:means for receiving, from the network entity, an indication to monitor the plurality of reference signals in accordance with a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes based at least in part on the report indicating UE support for the second monitoring scheme and a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes; andmeans for monitoring, from the network entity, the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme based at least in part on receiving the indication.78.The UE of claim 77, wherein the means for transmitting the report comprise:means for transmitting, to the network entity, the report indicating UE support for the first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes; andmeans for transmitting, to the network entity via the report, an indication of UE support for the second monitoring scheme based at least in part on the report indicating the UE support for the first monitoring scheme, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme is based at least in part on the indication of the UE support for the second monitoring scheme indicated via the report.79.The UE of claim 77, wherein the means for monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme comprise:means for transmitting, to the network entity, an indication of a difference between a first reference signal measurement associated with a first reference signal of the plurality of reference signals and a first reference signal measurement prediction associated with a second reference signal of the plurality of reference signals that is different from the first reference signal, an indication of a first average of one or more reference signal measurements associated with the first reference signal over a temporal window, an indication of a second average of one or more reference signal measurement predictions associated the second reference signal over the temporal window, an indication of a difference of the first average and the second average over the temporal window, or any combination thereof.80.The UE of claim 77, wherein the means for monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme comprise:means for receiving, from the network entity, an indication of one or more reference signal measurement thresholds for reference signal measurements performed in accordance with the second monitoring scheme, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals is based at least in part on receiving the indication.81.The UE of claim 69, wherein a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme, a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme, and a third monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a block error rate based performance monitoring scheme.82.The UE of claim 81, wherein the first monitoring scheme associated with the reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a first corresponding set of conditions, the second monitoring scheme associated with the signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the first corresponding set of conditions and a second corresponding set of conditions, and the third monitoring scheme associated with the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the second corresponding set of conditions.83.The UE of claim 81, wherein both the reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme and the signal to interference noise ratio performance based monitoring scheme are used for determining a transmission density of a set of measured beams and both the signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme and the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme are used for determining an activation of an artificial intelligence model, a deactivation of the artificial intelligence model, or both.84.The UE of claim 81, wherein the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a set of downlink channel structures, a set of broadcast channel structures, or both that correspond to a quantity of signal to interference noise ratio ranges that are associated with a reference signal of the plurality of reference signals associated with a reference signal measurement that satisfies a reference signal measurement threshold.85.The UE of claim 69, further comprising:means for transmitting, to the network entity, one or more indications associated with the corresponding set of conditions of each one of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report, wherein the one or more communication parameters are modified based at least in part on the one or more indications.86.A network entity for wireless communications, comprising:means for receiving , from a user equipment (UE) , a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions ; andmeans for transmitting, to the UE, a plurality of reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions.87.The network entity of claim 86, wherein the means for receiving the report comprise:means for receiving, from the UE, a UE capability report that indicates the UE support for the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, a preference report that indicates that the UE supports the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes and has a preference at least one monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, or a combination thereof.88.The network entity of claim 86, further comprising:means for transmitting, to the UE, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations from the plurality of reference signals, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals comprises performing the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations based at least in part on receiving the indication.89.The network entity of claim 86, further comprising:means for transmitting, to the UE, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations via a plurality of interference measurement resources.90.The network entity of claim 86, further comprising:means for transmitting, to the UE, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations; andmeans for transmitting, to the UE to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations, a first indication of one or more synchronization signal set identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, a second indication of one or more or more control resource set identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, a third indication of one or more synchronization signal block identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, or any combination thereof, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals is based at least in part receiving the first indication, the second indication, the third indication, or any combination thereof.91.The network entity of claim 86, wherein the means for receiving the report comprise:means for receiving, from the UE via an uplink message, the report indicating a preference for the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme is based at least in part on indicating the preference for the monitoring scheme via the report.92.The network entity of claim 91, wherein the uplink message is a radio resource control message, a medium access control-control element, uplink control information message, or a combination thereof.93.The network entity of claim 86, further comprising:means for transmitting, to the UE, an indication to monitor the plurality of reference signals in accordance with a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes based at least in part on the report indicating UE support for the second monitoring scheme and a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes.94.The network entity of claim 93, wherein the means for transmitting the report comprise:means for receiving, from the UE, the report indicating UE support for the first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes; andmeans for receiving, from the UE via the report, an indication of UE support for the second monitoring scheme based at least in part on the report indicating the UE support for the first monitoring scheme, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme is based at least in part on the indication of the UE support for the second monitoring scheme indicated via the report.95.The network entity of claim 93, further comprising:means for receiving, from the UE, an indication of a difference between a first reference signal measurement associated with a first reference signal of the plurality of reference signals and a first reference signal measurement prediction associated with a second reference signal of the plurality of reference signals that is different from the first reference signal, an indication of a first average of one or more reference signal measurements associated with the first reference signal over a temporal window, an indication of a second average of one or more reference signal measurement predictions associated the second reference signal over the temporal window, an indication of a difference of the first average and the second average over the temporal window, or any combination thereof.96.The network entity of claim 93, further comprising:means for transmitting, to the UE, an indication of one or more reference signal measurement thresholds for reference signal measurements performed in accordance with the second monitoring scheme.97.The network entity of claim 86, wherein a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme, a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme, and a third monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a block error rate based performance monitoring scheme.98.The network entity of claim 97, wherein the first monitoring scheme associated with the reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a first corresponding set of conditions, the second monitoring scheme associated with the signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the first corresponding set of conditions and a second corresponding set of conditions, and the third monitoring scheme associated with the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the second corresponding set of conditions.99.The network entity of claim 97, wherein both the reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme and the signal to interference noise ratio performance based monitoring scheme are used for determining a transmission density of a set of measured beams and both the signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme and the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme are used for determining an activation of an artificial intelligence model, a deactivation of the artificial intelligence model, or both.100.The network entity of claim 97, wherein the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a set of downlink channel structures, a set of broadcast channel structures, or both that correspond to a quantity of signal to interference noise ratio ranges that are associated with a reference signal of the plurality of reference signals associated with a reference signal measurement that satisfies a reference signal measurement threshold.101.The network entity of claim 86, further comprising:means for receiving, from the UE, one or more indications associated with the corresponding set of conditions of each one of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report.102.The network entity of claim 101, further comprising:means for modifying one or more communication parameters based at least in part on receiving the one or more indications.103.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to:transmit, to a network entity, a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions;monitor, from the network entity, a plurality of reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions; andmodify one or more communication parameters based at least in part on monitoring the plurality of reference signals.104.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 103, wherein the instructions to transmit the report are executable by the one or more processors to:transmit, to the network entity, a UE capability report that indicates the UE support for the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, a preference report that indicates that the UE supports the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes and has a preference at least one monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, or a combination thereof.105.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 103, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors to:receive, from the network entity, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations from the plurality of reference signals, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals comprises performing the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations based at least in part on receiving the indication.106.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 103, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors to:receive, from the network entity, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations via a plurality of interference measurement resources; andmonitor, from the network entity, the plurality of interference measurement resources in accordance with the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report, wherein the plurality of interference measurement resources are used to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations.107.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 103, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors to:receive, from the network entity, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations; andreceive, from the network entity to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations, a first indication of one or more synchronization signal set identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, a second indication of one or more or more control resource set identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, a third indication of one or more synchronization signal block identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, or any combination thereof, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals is based at least in part receiving the first indication, the second indication, the third indication, or any combination thereof.108.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 103, wherein the instructions to monitor the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme are executable by the one or more processors to:monitor, from the network entity, the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme based at least in part on a quantity of downlink channel structures, the quantity of the downlink channel structures being associated with one or more signal to interference noise ratios that are based at least in part on one or more reference signal measurements.109.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 103, wherein the instructions to transmit the report are executable by the one or more processors to:transmit, to the network entity via an uplink message, the report indicating a preference for the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme is based at least in part on indicating the preference for the monitoring scheme via the report.110.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 109, wherein the uplink message is a radio resource control message, a medium access control-control element, uplink control information message, or a combination thereof.111.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 103, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors to:receive, from the network entity, an indication to monitor the plurality of reference signals in accordance with a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes based at least in part on the report indicating UE support for the second monitoring scheme and a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes; andmonitor, from the network entity, the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme based at least in part on receiving the indication.112.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 111, wherein the instructions to transmit the report are executable by the one or more processors to:transmit, to the network entity, the report indicating UE support for the first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes; andtransmit, to the network entity via the report, an indication of UE support for the second monitoring scheme based at least in part on the report indicating the UE support for the first monitoring scheme, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme is based at least in part on the indication of the UE support for the second monitoring scheme indicated via the report.113.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 111, wherein the instructions to monitor the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme are executable by the one or more processors to:transmit, to the network entity, an indication of a difference between a first reference signal measurement associated with a first reference signal of the plurality of reference signals and a first reference signal measurement prediction associated with a second reference signal of the plurality of reference signals that is different from the first reference signal, an indication of a first average of one or more reference signal measurements associated with the first reference signal over a temporal window, an indication of a second average of one or more reference signal measurement predictions associated the second reference signal over the temporal window, an indication of a difference of the first average and the second average over the temporal window, or any combination thereof.114.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 111, wherein the instructions to monitor the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme are executable by the one or more processors to:receive, from the network entity, an indication of one or more reference signal measurement thresholds for reference signal measurements performed in accordance with the second monitoring scheme, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals is based at least in part on receiving the indication.115.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 103, wherein a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme, a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme, and a third monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a block error rate based performance monitoring scheme.116.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 115, wherein the first monitoring scheme associated with the reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a first corresponding set of conditions, the second monitoring scheme associated with the signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the first corresponding set of conditions and a second corresponding set of conditions, and the third monitoring scheme associated with the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the second corresponding set of conditions.117.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 115, wherein both the reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme and the signal to interference noise ratio performance based monitoring scheme are used for determining a transmission density of a set of measured beams and both the signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme and the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme are used for determining an activation of an artificial intelligence model, a deactivation of the artificial intelligence model, or both.118.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 115, wherein the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a set of downlink channel structures, a set of broadcast channel structures, or both that correspond to a quantity of signal to interference noise ratio ranges that are associated with a reference signal of the plurality of reference signals associated with a reference signal measurement that satisfies a reference signal measurement threshold.119.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 103, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors to:transmit, to the network entity, one or more indications associated with the corresponding set of conditions of each one of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report, wherein the one or more communication parameters are modified based at least in part on the one or more indications.120.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to:receive , from a user equipment (UE) , a report that indicates UE support for one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes for UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring, each of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes associated with a corresponding set of conditions ; andtransmit, to the UE, a plurality of reference signals in accordance with a monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report and in accordance with the corresponding set of conditions.121.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 120, wherein the instructions to receive the report are executable by the one or more processors to:receive, from the UE, a UE capability report that indicates the UE support for the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, a preference report that indicates that the UE supports the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes and has a preference at least one monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, or a combination thereof.122.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 120, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors to:transmit, to the UE, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations from the plurality of reference signals, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals comprises performing the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations based at least in part on receiving the indication.123.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 120, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors to:transmit, to the UE, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations via a plurality of interference measurement resources.124.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 120, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors to:transmit, to the UE, an indication to perform one or more interference and noise measurement estimations; andtransmit, to the UE to perform the one or more interference and noise measurement estimations, a first indication of one or more synchronization signal set identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, a second indication of one or more or more control resource set identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, a third indication of one or more synchronization signal block identifiers associated with the plurality of reference signals, or any combination thereof, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals is based at least in part receiving the first indication, the second indication, the third indication, or any combination thereof.125.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 120, wherein the instructions to receive the report are executable by the one or more processors to:receive, from the UE via an uplink message, the report indicating a preference for the monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the monitoring scheme is based at least in part on indicating the preference for the monitoring scheme via the report.126.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 125, wherein the uplink message is a radio resource control message, a medium access control-control element, uplink control information message, or a combination thereof.127.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 120, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors to:transmit, to the UE, an indication to monitor the plurality of reference signals in accordance with a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes based at least in part on the report indicating UE support for the second monitoring scheme and a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes.128.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 127, wherein the instructions to transmit the report are executable by the one or more processors to:receive, from the UE, the report indicating UE support for the first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes; andreceive, from the UE via the report, an indication of UE support for the second monitoring scheme based at least in part on the report indicating the UE support for the first monitoring scheme, wherein monitoring the plurality of reference signals in accordance with the second monitoring scheme is based at least in part on the indication of the UE support for the second monitoring scheme indicated via the report.129.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 127, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors to:receive, from the UE, an indication of a difference between a first reference signal measurement associated with a first reference signal of the plurality of reference signals and a first reference signal measurement prediction associated with a second reference signal of the plurality of reference signals that is different from the first reference signal, an indication of a first average of one or more reference signal measurements associated with the first reference signal over a temporal window, an indication of a second average of one or more reference signal measurement predictions associated the second reference signal over the temporal window, an indication of a difference of the first average and the second average over the temporal window, or any combination thereof.130.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 127, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors to:transmit, to the UE, an indication of one or more reference signal measurement thresholds for reference signal measurements performed in accordance with the second monitoring scheme.131.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 120, wherein a first monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme, a second monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme, and a third monitoring scheme of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes is associated with a block error rate based performance monitoring scheme.132.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 131, wherein the first monitoring scheme associated with the reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a first corresponding set of conditions, the second monitoring scheme associated with the signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the first corresponding set of conditions and a second corresponding set of conditions, and the third monitoring scheme associated with the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme is associated with the second corresponding set of conditions.133.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 131, wherein both the reference signal receive power based performance monitoring scheme and the signal to interference noise ratio performance based monitoring scheme are used for determining a transmission density of a set of measured beams and both the signal to interference noise ratio based performance monitoring scheme and the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme are used for determining an activation of an artificial intelligence model, a deactivation of the artificial intelligence model, or both.134.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 131, wherein the block error rate based performance monitoring scheme is associated with a set of downlink channel structures, a set of broadcast channel structures, or both that correspond to a quantity of signal to interference noise ratio ranges that are associated with a reference signal of the plurality of reference signals associated with a reference signal measurement that satisfies a reference signal measurement threshold.135.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 120, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors to:receive, from the UE, one or more indications associated with the corresponding set of conditions of each one of the one or more link-quality-related monitoring schemes supported by the UE indicated via the report.136.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 135, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors to:modify one or more communication parameters based at least in part on receiving the one or more indications.
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