Audiometer headset, audiometer system and method of manufacture
The audiometer headset with noise cancellation features allows accurate hearing tests outside soundproof rooms, addressing the inconvenience of existing methods and facilitating hearing aid fitting.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/087585
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-16
AI Technical Summary
Existing audiometry testing methods require users to be in a soundproof room due to the lack of ambient noise reduction, making it inconvenient for individuals with mobility challenges and complicating the process of obtaining a hearing aid.
An audiometer headset with active and passive noise cancellation features, calibrated to emit sound waves that compensate for ambient noise, allowing accurate hearing tests to be conducted in any environment.
Enables accurate hearing tests in any environment, simplifying the process and ensuring reliable results for hearing aid fitting, with a portable and user-friendly solution.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024087585_16102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
AUDIOMETER HEADSET, AUDIOMETER SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURETechnical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to an audiometer headset, a system and a method of manufacture thereof. More particularly, the present invention provides an audiometer headset, a system and a method of manufacture that is able to at least partially reduce ambient noise to facilitate audiometry testing.Background of the Invention
[0002] According to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO) , over 430 million people, which is more than 5%of the world's population, need rehabilitation to address their disabling hearing loss by 2023.
[0003] Disabling hearing loss, as defined by WHO, refers to hearing loss of more than 35 decibels (dB) in the better ear. The prevalence of hearing loss increases with age, with over 25%of people over the age of 60 experiencing disabling hearing loss. As the global population ages, the number of individuals with hearing loss is expected to rise significantly in the coming years.
[0004] One solution for addressing disabling hearing loss is the use of a hearing aid that is programmed to meet the user's specific needs.
[0005] Although a hearing aid can rectify hearing loss, the process of obtaining a fitted hearing aid can be complex and lengthy. The user must make an appointment with an audiologist, go to a specified hearing centre for a hearing test, and then have the hearing aid fitted based on the test results.
[0006] While there are mobile apps and online web services in the market that provide hearing tests, they do not offer solutions to reduce ambient noise during the test. Users of the apps or services must still be in a soundproof room to ensure test accuracy. Further, importing test results into a hearing aid is not a simple process and often requires manual input.
[0007] Object of the Invention
[0008] It is an object of the present invention to provide an audiometer headset, system and method of manufacture thereof, and more particularly an audiometer headset, system and method of manufacture that is able to at least partially reduce ambient noise in order to determine the user's hearing ability accurately, which overcomes or ameliorates at least some of the deficiencies associated with the prior art.Summary of the Invention
[0009] In a first aspect, there is provided an audiometer headset including means for emitting a first sound wave and a second sound wave, wherein the second sound wave is adapted to at least partially reduce ambient noise, and wherein the audiometer headset is adapted to calibrate the first sound wave in relation to the second sound wave to produce an output sound wave at a predetermined sound pressure level.
[0010] Preferably, the first sound wave is emitted within a first frequency band, and the audiometer headset is adapted to calibrate the first sound wave with a first pre-calculated calibration constant specific to the first frequency band.
[0011] Preferably, the audiometer headset is adapted to calibrate the first sound wave with the first pre-calculated calibration constant by a formula wherein A1 is an amplitude of the first sound wave, K is the first pre-calculated calibration constant, and S1 is the predetermined sound pressure level of the output sound wave.
[0012] Preferably, the audiometer headset is stored with the first pre-calculated calibration constant, and preferably, at least a second pre-calculated calibration constant specific to a second frequency band.
[0013] Preferably, the audiometer headset is adapted to selectively emit the output sound wave at at least a first volume level and a second volume level, wherein the audiometer headset is stored with a respective pre-calculated calibration constant for each of the first and second volume levels.
[0014] Preferably, the audiometer headset further comprising means for covering ears of a user, wherein said means is formed with an acoustic insulating material.
[0015] Preferably, the first sound wave is emitted at a frequency between 125Hz and 8kHz, and still preferably, the predetermined sound pressure level of the output signal is between -10 and 120dB.
[0016] In a second aspect, there is provided an audiometer system comprising: (i) an audiometer headset; and (ii) a feedback unit operable by a user to provide an indication when an output sound wave emitted by the audiometer headset is heard by the user.
[0017] Preferably, the audiometer system further comprising an output unit adapted to output test results of a user.
[0018] Preferably, the audiometer system further comprising a control unit adapted to be in data communication with the audiometer headset, wherein the control unit is adapted to control the emission and the calibration of the first sound wave.
[0019] Preferably, the control unit is a mobile application applicable for use in a mobile device.
[0020] Preferably, the mobile application comprises a first user interface configured to serve as the feedback unit, and preferably, a second user interface configured to serve as the output unit.
[0021] Preferably, the audiometer system further comprising a back-end server adapted to store the test results and enable the test results to be retrieved therefrom.
[0022] Preferably, the back-end server is a cloud server accessible through internet.
[0023] In a third aspect, there is provided a manufacturing method of an audiometer headset, comprising steps of: (i) the audiometer headset emitting a first sound wave and a second sound wave from the audiometer headset, wherein the first sound wave is emitted within a first frequency band, and the second sound wave is adapted to at least partially reduce ambient noise, (ii) measuring a sound pressure level of a combination of the first and second sound waves, (iii) calculating a first calibration constant by a formula wherein A2 is a first amplitude of the first sound wave, K is a first calibration constant, and S2 is the measured sound pressure level, (iv) storing the first calibration constant specific to the first frequency band in the audiometer headset.
[0024] Preferable, the first sound wave is emitted at at least a second amplitude, and the method further comprising steps of: (v) repeating steps (i) to (iii) to calculate at least a second calibration constant, (vi) calculating an arithmetic mean of the first calibration constant and at least the second calibration constant to yield a first averaged calibration constant specific to the first frequency band, and (vii) storing the first averaged calibration constant in the audiometer headset.
[0025] Preferably, the method further comprising steps of (viii) calculating at least a second averaged calibration constant specific to a second frequency band, and (ix) storing at least the second averaged calibration constant in the audiometer headset.
[0026] Preferably, the method further comprising steps of: (x) operating the audiometer headset at a first volume level and at least a second volume level, and (xi) calculating a respective pre-calculated calibration constant for each of the first and second volume levels.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0027] In order that a more previse understanding of the above-recited invention can be obtained, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof that are illustrated in the appended drawings. The drawings presented herein may not be drawn in scale and any reference to dimensions in the drawings or the following description is specific to the embodiments disclosed.
[0028] Figure 1 shows an embodiment of an audiometer headset according to the present invention;
[0029] Figure 2a shows a graphical illustration of the working principle of active noise cancellation;
[0030] Figure 2b shows an exemplary electrical circuit diagram for active noise cancellation;
[0031] Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a manufacturing method of the audiometer headset according to the present invention;
[0032] Figure 4 shows an embodiment of a method of use of the audiometer system according to the present invention;
[0033] Figure 5 is a flowchart demonstrating the procedures of a hearing test carried out by an audiometer system according to the present invention;
[0034] Figure 6 is a flowchart showing the detailed procedures of the familiarisation step within the hearing test of Figure 5;
[0035] Figure 7 is a flowchart showing the detailed procedures of the threshold detection step within the hearing test process of Figure 5;
[0036] Figure 8 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of an audiometer system according to the present invention;
[0037] Figure 9 shows a frequency response graph of sound waves produced by the audiometer headset of Figure 1, with the active noise cancellation function on and off respectively;
[0038] Figure 10 shows an expanded view of an earplug portion of the audiometer headset of Figure 1;
[0039] Figure 11a shows a photographic top view of a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) of the audiometer headset of Figure 1;
[0040] Figure 11 b shows a photographic bottom view of the PCBA of Figure 11a.
[0041] Detailed Description of the Drawings
[0042] At present, patients with hearing disabilities who wish to obtain a hearing aid device must first consult with a doctor or audiologist regarding their hearing condition. The doctor will then invite the patient to an audiology testing room to conduct a hearing test. These testing rooms are carefully selected and regulated to ensure that they meet specific size and layout requirements.
[0043] As such, it is not easy to set up an audiology testing room or to even find an appropriate venue to set up such a testing room. More importantly, the hearing ability test cannot be conducted in the patient’s home as it usually does not have a desirable acoustic controlled environment. This means that the patient must be physically present in a specifically designed audiology testing room for the hearing test to be carried out. It could be very inconvenient to the patients, in particular to the elderlies or people with mobility challenges, as they must travel a distance before arriving at the audiology testing room to conduct the hearing tests.
[0044] In order to alleviate at least some of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an easy to use, accurate and convenient self-service audiometer headset and audiometer system. The present invention is portable and is equipped with a noise cancellation feature, allowing users to perform hearing tests at home or in any comfortable environment. The audiometer system of the present invention can import hearing test results directly into a hearing aid that is specifically designed for the user's needs. To ensure reliable and accurate measurement, the audiometer headset and system require medical approval.
[0045] Figure 1 shows an embodiment of an audiometer headset 100 according to the present invention. The audiometer headset 100 is configured to be worn on a user's head and includes means 110 which is also known as earplugs for covering the user's ears. Preferably, the earplugs 110 are formed with acoustic insulation material, such as PU foam, which provides comfort to the user's ears while maintaining good acoustic insulation.
[0046] In practice, the audiometer headset 100 has a plurality of function buttons arranged thereon to enhance the user experience, these function buttons including a power and active noise cancellation (ANC) function on / off switch 101, a Bluetooth button 102 which can pair the headset 100 with an electrical apparatus by Bluetooth when pressed and held for 5 seconds. Additionally, there include a volume up button 103 and a volume down button 104. Alternatively, other function buttons may be arranged on the audiometer headset 100 for the convenience of the user. A power port 105, preferably a USB type C port, is also included in the audiometer headset 100 to enable charging of the internal battery and thereby provide power supply. The internal battery may be a lithium battery, which allows the audiometer headset 100 to operate for at least 10 hours.
[0047] The audiometer headset 100 of the present invention combines an audiometer module with a noise-cancelling headset. The audiometer module performs hearing tests with the user, while the noise-cancelling headset reduces ambient noise during the test to ensure accurate results. To ensure effective noise cancellation in a home environment, the audiometer headset 100 of the present invention utilizes both active noise cancellation (ANC) and passive noise cancellation techniques.
[0048] Active Noise Cancellation (ANC) is a noise cancellation system that actively generates a sound wave aiming to neutralise the ambient noise. As is shown in the waveform diagram 200 of Figure 2a, the waveform 201 represents the sound wave of the ambient noise. In order to at least partially reduce the ambient noise, the audiometer headset emits a noise cancelling sound wave 202 which is ideally an inverted waveform to that of the ambient noise 201, such that the superposition 203 of the two waveforms 201, 202 neutralises each other to achieve the noise cancellation effect. An example of the electrical circuit diagram for active noise cancellation is shown in Figure 2b.
[0049] When in use, the audiometer headset 100 produces a pure frequency tone from -10 to 120dB at a specific sound pressure level, measured in decibels (dB) , to test the user's hearing ability. At the same time, the headset 100 further emits an ANC noise-cancelling sound wave aiming to neutralise the ambient noise. However, in practice, the noise-cancelling sound wave not only reduces the noise level but also the sound pressure level of the pure frequency tone emitted for testing purposes, and as such causes the test results to deviate from the user's actual hearing ability.
[0050] To ensure accurate testing, a calibration process is necessary to compensate for the reduced sound pressure level of the pure frequency tone caused by the ANC anti-wave. In the process, the pure frequency tone is calibrated in relation to the ANC anti-wave to produce an output sound wave with a predetermined sound pressure level. Calibration involves generating the pure frequency tone at a sound pressure level higher than required for the test. This ensures that the sound pressure level of the pure frequency tone, even after being reduced by the ANC anti-wave, is at the intended level for the test.
[0051] Compensation levels vary across frequency bands. Additionally, audiometers may have varying noise reduction levels due to electronic component errors and production assembly processes. Therefore, a calibration process is necessary for each frequency during production. To calibrate, the audiometer headset 100 produces fixed amplitude sine wave tones for each frequency, the actual output SPL is then measured for the calculation of the calibration constants.
[0052] In an embodiment, the audiometer headset 100 generates a precise pure frequency tone based on the firmware in the Digital Signal Processor (DSP) chip. The DSP firmware creates the sine wave with specific amplitude output to the headset 100 through the DAC (digital to analogue converter) .
[0053] The formula relating the sound pressure level of a sound wave with its amplitude is shown as follows.: SPL = 20 *Log10 (A / A0)
[0054] Where SPL is the output sound pressure level measured in decibel (dB)
[0055] A is amplitude of sine wave
[0056] A0 is reference amplitude
[0057] During the product development process, an experiment was conducted to compare the sound pressure level (SPL) of the output soundwave with and without ANC turned on. The results showed that ANC reduced the SPL by varying degrees across different frequency bands. However, within the same frequency band, the difference in SPL remained constant regardless of the sound level generated by the headset 100.
[0058] Therefore, within the same frequency: SPL -SPLA = C
[0059] Where SPL is the sound pressure level output generated by headset SPLA is the measured sound pressure level output with ANC being turned on C is a constant
[0060] In the condition where ANC is turned on, if a SPLR is required to reach to the user’s ear, a SPL’ should be generated from the audiometer headset, such that: SPL’ -C = SPLR 20 *Log10 (A’ / A0) -C = 20 *Log10 (AR / A0) 20 * (Log10 (A’ / A0) -Log10 (AR / A0) ) = C 20 *Log10 ( (A’ / A0) / (AR / A0) ) = C 20 *Log10 (A’ / AR) = C A’ / AR = 10 (C / 20)
[0061] Since 10 (C / 20) is constant, A’ and AR is in proportion to each other.
[0062] The headset 100 generates sine wave with amplitude: A = A0 *10 (SPL / 20)
[0063] Let constant K = 10 (C / 20)
[0064] To compensate the ANC, A’= K *A0 *10 (SPL / 20)
[0065] Each frequency band has a different constant K, which is to be resolved in the following bands: 125Hz, 250Hz, 500Hz, 750Hz, 1KHz, 1.5KHz, 2KHz, 3KHz, 4KHz, 6KHz and 8KHz.
[0066] To simplify the formula, Let A1 = K *A0, so that A’= A1 *10 (SPL / 20)
[0067] The calibration process aims to resolve A1 for each frequency band.
[0068] The audiometer headset DSP is instructed by a calibration application to generate a sine wave with amplitudes of 65536, 262144, 1048576, 131072, and 2097152. The sound pressure level (SPL) is measured using the Fonix 8000 which is a hearing aid test system, while the headset 100 is placed in the Fonix sound chamber. The SPL is measured for each input amplitude during the calibration process. The formula below can be used to solve for amplitude A1. A1 = A’ / 10 (SPL / 20)
[0069] The A1 values for each input amplitudes should be similar, an arithmetic mean thereof is then taken and stored in the headset during calibration.
[0070] The calibration process will be repeated for each frequency band until all A values are resolved.
[0071] The tone generation process during the hearing test is described as follows.
[0072] During the hearing test, the control application will send a command to the headset 100 indicating the required frequency and sound pressure level (SPL) . The headset 100 will then generate the appropriate tone using its DSP firmware. To ensure accurate SPL output, the firmware will set the speaker volume at 8 for SPLs less than 80dB and at 16 for SPLs of 80dB or above. The speaker will then output a sine wave with amplitude A', which compensates for the ANC and provides the appropriate SPL, as calculated by the formula.
[0073] A’= A1 *10 (SPL / 20)
[0074] Where SPL is the required level input from control application
[0075] A1 is the calibrated coefficient for the required frequency band and volume.
[0076] The calibration process resolves a total of 22calibrated coefficients, with each frequency band having two coefficients, one for each of speaker volumes 8 and 16.
[0077] Referring now to Figure 3 which shows a manufacturing method 300, more specifically the calibration process, of an audiometer headset 320 according to the present invention. A calibration application 310 installed in a smart phone sends a command to the audiometer headset 320 to generate a calibration sound wave with a predetermined frequency, amplitude A' and speaker volume. The audiometer headset 320 will then generate the sine wave 330 based on the given frequency and amplitude. The actual SPL output will be measured by an operator 340 using Fonix 8000.
[0078] The formula to solve A1 is as follows, since the speaker output already includes the sine wave for the hearing test and the anti-wave from ANC (both using the same loudspeaker) : A1 = A’ / 10 (SPL / 20)
[0079] Where SPL is actual level measured by Fonix 8000.
[0080] A’ is the given sine wave amplitude from calibration App.
[0081] In an embodiment, a first command is sent to the audiometer headset 320 to emit a 250Hz tone with an amplitude of 65536 and a speaker volume level of 8. The operator 340 then measures the SPL level (sound pressure level) and enters the reading into the calibration application 310. This reading is used to calculate A1 using the formula provided.
[0082] Next, a second command is sent to the audiometer headset 320 to emit a 250Hz tone at amplitudes of 262144 and 1048576. The SPL is measured again, and the respective constants A1 are calculated using the same formula. The arithmetic mean of the calculated constants will be taken as the calibrated constant A1 for the sound waves within 250Hz frequency band at volume 8.
[0083] The process for calculating the calibration constants for sound waves with amplitudes of 131072 and 2097152, and a frequency of 250Hz at volume 16, is repeated. The resulting arithmetic mean is taken as the calibrated coefficient A for the sound waves within 250Hz frequency band at volume 16.
[0084] This process is then further repeated for the remaining frequency bands until the respective calibration constants for all 11 frequency bands have been calculated. Finally, the Calibration application 310 sends the set of 22 calibrated constants to the audiometer headset 320, which stores them in its non-volatile memory.
[0085] In an embodiment, the audiometer headset of the present invention can output both a continuous tone and a pulsed tone. The continuous tone is used for calibration and quality control during production, while the pulsed tone is used in hearing tests for easy sound recognition, particularly for users with tinnitus.
[0086] For users with a significant difference in hearing level between their ears, a mask function can be applied. The mask function uses a plateau masking method to determine the actual hearing threshold of the user. With the masking function turned on, the pure frequency signal is emitted to only one testing ear while a narrow band noise is emitted to the non-testing ear. This ensures that only the testing ear can hear the test tone.
[0087] In an embodiment, the audiometer headset communicates with the control application via BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) , which is simple and is available on all smartphones. Its low power consumption makes it suitable for the present invention.
[0088] The audiometer headset of the present invention can also be combined with other components to form an audiometer system for testing the hearing ability of a user. Figure 4 demonstrates a method of use of such audiometer system. In an embodiment, the audiometer system comprises four modules, namely an audiometer headset according to the present invention, a control application, a back-end server and a front-end web service for audiologists.
[0089] As mentioned above, the audiometer headset is equipped with noise cancellation features and includes means for emitting a pure frequency tone 421 for the purpose of detecting the hearing level 422 of the user 410.
[0090] A control application is used to control the audiometer headset via Bluetooth to perform the hearing test. The audiometer system includes a feedback unit operable by the user to provide an indication upon hearing the output soundwave. The control application can also send the result to the backend server for storage 423 and retrieve the report 424 from the server.
[0091] The back-end server of the audiometer system provides the Application Programming Interface (API) for the control application and the audiologist front-end. The server manages the database of users, test results and reports. It also provides the API to submit results and retrieve reports 424. It includes a database to store user information, test results and reports.
[0092] In an embodiment, the test result is submitted to the backend server via the Internet, and the analysed report can be retrieved therefrom.
[0093] An audiologist front-end is used to provide a web user interface for the audiologist 415 to view the test result, enter the analysed test report, submit the report, generate an audiogram 425 and download the result to the hearing instrument.
[0094] The control application may be a smart phone application to provide the user interface (UI) and procedure or the hearing test. This audiometer system is designed for self-service, so the system should allow users to perform a hearing test without the assistance of an audiologist. Since the user is most likely to be an elderly person, the user interface of the smart phone application should be kept simple and easy to use. The test procedure should also be able to cope with human input errors, such as the user giving a positive indication while not actually hearing the tone, or the answer being delayed by a few seconds. On the other hand, the duration of the hearing test should not be so long that the user feels tired.
[0095] Figure 5 shows the procedures of a hearing test process 500, wherein a familiarisation step 510 followed by a threshold step 520 within the process 500 are the most important steps in order to provide an accurate and quick hearing test.
[0096] The familiarization step aims to quickly find out the coarser level by increasing the SPL in 10dB steps. The detailed procedure of the familiarisation step 600 is illustrated in Figure 6. In order to avoid human input errors, the user must make two consecutive responses 610 at the same sound pressure level. In particular, the system detects whether the user has provided a response 620 at the feedback module. If not, the system will regenerate an output sound wave with an increased sound pressure level 630 until it is heard twice in succession by the user, or until the output sound wave has reached its maximum sound pressure level 640.
[0097] Based on the result of the familiarisation step, a threshold detection step 700 is performed, details of which are shown in Figure 7. Threshold detection searches for the exact level by increasing the SPL in 5dB steps. The step ensures that at least two out of three responses 710 are received from the user for output sound waves at the same SPL. To ensure accuracy, the threshold detection level must be within ±5dB of the familiarisation level.
[0098] If the threshold 720 cannot be detected, e.g. the threshold detection level does not match the familiarisation level, the test procedure will repeat the test for that frequency band. However, if the level still cannot be detected after several repetitions, this frequency band is skipped 730.
[0099] If the test is performed at home, it is expected that there may be interference. Or sometimes the user feels tired during the test. The Control Application provides a pause function. The user can pause the test at any time and resume the test when available.
[0100] In the test procedures, the SPL output of the sound wave is increased until the user gives a response, if the user has not worn the headset well, the high SPL may damage the ear. To protect the user, the Control App will display a warning message whenever the SPL exceeds 90dB.
[0101] It is flexible for the user to choose to test only one ear (left or right) or both ears.
[0102] Further, the tone duration is configurable, allowing users with slow response times to increase the duration. The system provides a maximum of 11 frequency bands (125, 250, 500, 750, 1K, 1.5K, 2K, 3K, 4K, 6K and 8KHz) which are also configurable. The user can reduce some of the bands to speed up the process.
[0103] Referring now to Figure 8, which shows a block diagram of an embodiment of an audiometer system 800 according to the present invention. The audiometer system 800 comprises of two main components, namely the smartphone application 810 and the audiometer headset 820.
[0104] The audiometer headset 820 is equipped with a Bluetooth integrated circuit (IC) chip 821 which enables the audiometer headset 820 to be controlled by the smartphone application 810 by Bluetooth. Alternatively, the smartphone application 810 is in data communication with the audiometer headset 820 by other wireless communication protocols such as wireless LAN, or by Wi-Fi. The smartphone application 810 is designed to obtain the hearing test data of the user, and such data can be stored in the cloud.
[0105] As discussed, the audiometer headset 820 uses both active and passive noise cancellation techniques to provide an unparalleled sound isolation effect. This sound isolation effect is comparable to that of a certified soundproof room. To achieve this, the audiometer headset 820 incorporates an active noise cancellation ANC IC chip 822, which can eliminate most low frequency noise below a few hundred Hz. Noise with frequencies above a few kHz is reduced by selecting the appropriate material and density of the ear tips to isolate the sound waves and prevent them from entering the ear canal.
[0106] The audiometer headset is equipped with a microphone. If the microphone picks up low-frequency background noise (100Hz-1kHz) that can be heard by humans, it sends the noise signal to the control circuit. The control circuit then performs real-time calculations and emits sound waves with the same amplitude as the noise, but with the opposite phase, through the speakers to counteract the noise. This process effectively cancels out the noise. Figure 9 shows the frequency response graph of sound waves produced by the audiometer headset with and without the active noise cancellation function. The graph indicates a significant decrease in sound pressure levels between 20-400Hz when the ANC is turned on 910 compared to when it is turned off 920. The difference in sound pressure levels between the two curves 910, 920 represents the amount of noise eliminated by the audiometer headset.
[0107] Passive noise cancelling techniques are also important in the present invention. The main purpose of passive noise cancelling is to isolate and prevent noise from entering the ear canal. This largely depends on the material and density of the earplugs. Figure 10 shows an expanded view of the earplug means of the audiometer headset, which includes a high-density sound-absorbing cotton padding 1010, a soft PU cushion 1020, and a damping ring 1030, and an outer casing 1040. The damping ring 1030 is designed to reduce structural resonance and prevent self-excited vibration of ultra-low frequency noise. In one embodiment, the PU cushion 1020 is wrapped in leather to provide comfort to the ear and allow the earplug to fit snugly without applying pressure.
[0108] Active noise cancellation reduces low-frequency noise but is less effective for high-frequency noise, such as the human voice. The human ear can hear frequencies ranging from 20Hz to 20kHz, while the frequency range of the human voice is between 100Hz and 8kHz. Most environmental and vehicular noise falls within the range of 100Hz to 1 kHz. Even the best active noise-cancelling headphones on the market only enhance a few hundred Hz and cannot cover the full frequency band of the voice. Therefore, they cannot effectively reduce noise in the voice frequency range. As a result, the noise cancellation effect on speech is not as good as on ambient sound. Reduction of high-frequency noise still depends on passive noise cancellation techniques.
[0109] Although active and passive noise reduction have limitations, combining the two can effectively isolate and prevent noise from entering the ear canal. This achieves the design requirements of the present invention and is more effective than traditional sound insulation methods.
[0110] In particular, the electronic circuit, electronic parts selection, and the circuit board arrangement of the audiometer headset of the present invention also help in reducing ultra-low noise and interference, by effectively suppressing common-mode noise, differential-mode noise and electromagnetic interference.
[0111] Electronic equipment can experience noise on both power and signal cables, which can be caused by radiated or conduction noise. This noise can be divided into two categories: common mode noise and differential mode noise. Differential mode conducted noise refers to the voltage generated by the noise current in the electronic equipment, signal current, or power supply current. To reduce this noise, a low-pass filter can be applied by adding a differential mode choke, shunt capacitors, or capacitors and inductors in series with the signal line and power line, which helps to reduce high-frequency noise.
[0112] The signal current loop in the cable generates differential-mode radiated noise through the electric field strength. The strength of this noise at the observation point is proportional to the distance between the cable and the observation point. The strength of the electric field generated by this noise decreases as the distance from the cable to the observation point increases. It also increases with the square of the frequency, as well as with the current and the area of the current loop. Therefore, the way to reduce this radiation is to add an LC low-pass filter to the signal input to stop the noise current from flowing into the cable; use shielded cables or flat cables to transmit the return and signal currents in adjacent wires so that the loop area is reduced.
[0113] Common-mode conducted noise is generated when noise currents flow between the earth and live cable due to noise voltages within the equipment, through parasitic capacitance between earth and equipment. To reduce common mode conducted noise, a common mode choke should be connected in series in the signal line or power line, a capacitor should be connected in parallel between the ground and the conductor, and an LC filter should be used to filter out the common mode conducted noise.
[0114] A common mode choke is a composition of ferrite core that surrounds the power line zero and fire (or return line and signal line) in the same direction. It has a very small impedance to the differential mode signal current and power current flowing between the lines, while the impedance is very large for the flow of common mode current between the two wires and the ground. Common-mode radiated noise is generated by the flow of common-mode currents between the cable and the earth, driven by the common-mode voltage at the cable port. The strength of the electric field radiation decreases as the distance from the cable to the observation point increases. If the cable length is shorter than the wavelength of the current, the radiation is also proportional to the frequency and length of the cable. To reduce this radiation, a ground plane can be used on the circuit board to reduce ground impedance, and install LC low-pass filters or common mode chokes at the cable ports. Additionally, minimizing cable lengths and using shielded cables can also help reduce radiation.
[0115] Significant efforts have been made to select electronic components and design the printed circuit board to achieve the best common mode noise, differential mode noise suppression, and EMC, while considering equipment cost and space constraints.
[0116] The task began by selecting the powerful and cost-effective multi-functional ultra-large-scale Bluetooth digital signal processing chip CSR8XXX. A module form and a multi-layer wiring printed circuit board were also utilized. The power and signal lines were isolated and shielded to reduce the alignment of the printed circuit board. To minimize radiation, the loop area and wire length in the printed circuit board bus were also reduced. To prevent switching noise on the digital line from affecting the signal line, it is important to maintain separation between signal channels by maximizing the distance between digital and input / output lines.
[0117] Additionally, the implementation of a Bluetooth digital signal processing chip CSR8XXX and a multilayer wiring printed circuit board effectively isolates and shields power and signal lines, reducing radiation. Buses, larger loop areas, and longer wires are strong sources of radiation. To minimize emission of high-frequency energy, avoid using high clock frequencies in digital circuits. The recommended clock frequency for this device is 26MHz.
[0118] The placement of components on the printed circuit board and their alignment is critical. Magnetic components, such as filters, may have a stronger magnetic field in one direction than the other. To reduce noise emissions, components should be placed at 90° angles to each other, cancelling out the magnetic fields. Additionally, switching devices should be placed away from magnetic components. Alignments on the printed board are a significant source of radiation.
[0119] The sudden change of current in the logic circuit generates an induced voltage on the inductance of the alignment, resulting in strong noise radiation. Longer alignments tend to radiate more noise than shorter ones, as the alignment acts as a transmitting antenna. Thick alignments produce less noise than thin ones. Therefore, it is important to keep the alignment as short as possible to reduce its self-sense. The small signal line should be pulled longer and kept parallel to, but away from, the power supply digital signal line. It is recommended to use multi-point over-hole grounding on the upper and lower layers of copper for effective three-dimensional isolation and shielding. This will help to suppress common-mode noise, differential-mode noise, and EMC.
[0120] The suppression of common-mode noise plays a decisive role in this equipment's power amplifiers, which use high-power, low-noise D-type amplifiers with differential inputs. The power amplifier used in high-power, low-noise D amplifiers has differential inputs for common mode noise suppression. The printed circuit board is designed with great attention to the separation of digital signal ground and analogue signal ground, as well as large signal ground and small signal ground, to prevent crosstalk interference and suppress differential mode noise.
[0121] Figure 11a and 11b show a photographic top view and rear view of an embodiment of the printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) of the audiometer headset.
[0122] The exemplary embodiments are thus fully described. Although the description referred to particular embodiments, it will be clear to one skilled in the art that the invention may be practiced with variation of these specific details. Hence this invention should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
[0123] While the embodiments have been illustrated and described in detail in the foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only exemplary embodiments have been shown and described and do not limit the scope of the invention in any manner. It can be appreciated that any of the features described herein may be used with any embodiment. The illustrative embodiments are not exclusive of each other or of other embodiments not recited herein. Accordingly, the invention also provides embodiments that comprise combinations of one or more of the illustrative embodiments described above. Modifications and variations of the invention as herein set forth can be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and, therefore, only such limitations should be imposed as are indicated by the appended claims.
Claims
1.An audiometer headset including means for emitting a first sound wave and a second sound wave,(i) wherein the second sound wave is adapted to at least partially reduce ambient noise, and(ii) wherein the audiometer headset is adapted to calibrate the first sound wave in relation to the second sound wave to produce an output sound wave at a predetermined sound pressure level.2.The audiometer headset according to claim 1, wherein the first sound wave is emitted within a first frequency band, and the audiometer headset is adapted to calibrate the first sound wave with a first pre-calculated calibration constant specific to the first frequency band.3.The audiometer headset according to claim 2, wherein the audiometer headset is adapted to calibrate the first sound wave with the first pre-calculated calibration constant by a formula wherein A1 is an amplitude of the first sound wave, K is the first pre-calculated calibration constant, and S1 is the predetermined sound pressure level of the output soundwave.4.The audiometer headset according to claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the audiometer headset is stored with the first pre-calculated calibration constant.5.The audiometer headset according to claim 4, wherein the audiometer headset is stored with at least a second pre-calculated calibration constant specific to a second frequency band.6.The audiometer headset according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the audiometer headset is adapted to selectively emit the output sound wave at at least a first volume level and a second volume level, and wherein the audiometer headset is stored with a respective pre-calculated calibration constant for each of the first and second volume levels.7.The audiometer headset according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising means for covering ears of a user, wherein said means is formed with an acoustic insulating material.8.The audiometer headset according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first sound wave is emitted at a frequency between 125Hz and 8kHz.9.The audiometer headset according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the predetermined sound pressure level of the output signal is between -10 and 120dB.10.An audiometer system comprising:(i) an audiometer headset according to any one of claims 1 to 9; and(ii) a feedback unit operable by a user to provide an indication when an output sound wave emitted by the audiometer headset is heard the user.11.The audiometer system according to claim 10, further comprising an output unit adapted to output test results of a user.12.The audiometer system according to claim 10 or claim 11, further comprising a control unit adapted to be in data communication with the audiometer headset, wherein the control unit is adapted to control the emission and the calibration of the first sound wave.13.The audiometer system according to claim 12, wherein the control unit is a mobile application applicable for use in a mobile device.14.The audiometer system according to claim 13, wherein the mobile application comprises a first user interface configured to serve as the feedback unit.15.The audiometer system according to claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the mobile application comprises a second user interface configured to serve as the output unit.16.The audiometer system according to any one of claims 11 to 15, further comprising a back-end server adapted to store the test results and enable the test results to be retrieved therefrom.17.The audiometer system according to claim 16, wherein the back-end server is a cloud server accessible through internet.18.A manufacturing method of an audiometer headset, comprising steps of:(i) said audiometer headset emitting a first sound wave and a second sound wave from the audiometer headset, wherein the first sound wave is emitted within a first frequency band, and the second sound wave is adapted to at least partially reduce ambient noise,(ii) measuring a sound pressure level of a combination of the first and second sound waves,(iii) calculating a first calibration constant by a formulawherein A2 is a first amplitude of the first sound wave, K is a first calibration constant, and S2 is the measured sound pressure level,(iv) storing the first calibration constant specific to the first frequency band in the audiometer headset.19.The manufacturing method according to claim 18, wherein the first sound wave is emitted at at least a second amplitude, and the method further comprising steps of:(v) repeating steps (i) to (iii) to calculate at least a second calibration constant,(vi) calculating an arithmetic mean of the first calibration constant and at least the second calibration constant to yield a first averaged calibration constant specific to the first frequency band, and(vii) storing the first averaged calibration constant in the audiometer headset.20.The manufacturing method according to claim 19, further comprising steps of:(viii) calculating at least a second averaged calibration constant specific to a second frequency band, and(ix) storing at least the second averaged calibration constant in the audiometer headset.21.The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 18 to 20, further comprising steps of:(x) operating the audiometer headset at a first volume level and at least a second volume level, and(xi) calculating a respective pre-calculated calibration constant for each of the first and second volume levels.
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