Aerosol fire-extinguishing agent having high fire-extinguishing capacity, and preparation method therefor

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention is an aerosol fire-extinguishing agent having a high fire-extinguishing capacity. The aerosol fire-extinguishing agent is composed of a fire-extinguishing raw material and a moisture-proof raw material according to a mass ratio of 100:0.5-3, wherein the fire-extinguishing raw material comprises 55-70% of an oxidizing agent, 18-40% of a metal organic salt reducing agent, 4-10% of an additive, and 6-12% of a metal organic salt binder; and the moisture-proof raw material is an emulsified silicone oil. A preparation method therefor comprises firstly sieving the fire-extinguishing raw material, mixing same, adding a solvent thereto, and granulating and drying the mixture, then adding the moisture-proof raw material thereto, mixing same, then performing secondary granulation, a surface hydrophobic treatment, and then pressing same to obtain grains, namely, the aerosol fire-extinguishing agent. The aerosol fire-extinguishing agent prepared in the present invention has a high aerosol concentration, a high burning speed and an excellent fire-extinguishing capacity, and also has good moisture resistance.

Description

Aerosol fire extinguishing agent with high fire extinguishing capacity and preparation method thereof TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of fire extinguishing agent preparation, and particularly relates to an aerosol fire extinguishing agent with high fire extinguishing capacity and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The aerosol fire extinguishing technology is a new fire extinguishing technology based on the development of pyrotechnic technology, which has been maturely used in the field of fire fighting and realized its value in various fire extinguishing products. The thermal aerosol generating agent is a solid mixture composed of oxidizing agent, reducing agent and binder. The release of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent undergoes a combustion reaction, and the product contains both solid and gas, most of which are N2, CO2, water vapor and other fire extinguishing gases, and the solid particles are metal salt particles, specifically potassium and strontium oxides. When using the aerosol fire extinguishing agent for fire extinguishing, inert fire extinguishing gas and solid particles are first released through the combustion reaction, the solid particles block the free radicals such as O, ·OH· and H· in the combustion chain through chemical inhibition to realize the chemical inhibition fire extinguishing effect, and the fire extinguishing mechanism is as follows: OH·+M→MOH, O·+M→MO, H·+MO→MOH;

[0003] The fire extinguishing gas carries the solid particles to form aerosol, which is suspended for a long time and bypasses the obstacles to spread to every corner of the fire scene in a full submersion manner to efficiently extinguish the fire. Meanwhile, the inert fire extinguishing gas can also isolate oxygen to achieve the physical inhibition fire extinguishing effect.

[0004] CN1166996A discloses an aerosol-forming firework composition for extinguishing fire in a closed space, which is composed of an oxidizing agent-potassium nitrate, a phenolic resin and a reducing agent-dicyandiamide. The use of potassium nitrate as the oxidizing agent improves the extinguishing efficiency, but the reaction product potassium oxide is deliquescent, which in turn corrodes equipment and documents, and even causes the equipment to be scrapped, resulting in significant economic losses. CN115364420B discloses a hot aerosol extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof, which comprises 50-75 parts of potassium nitrate, 5-20 parts of strontium nitrate, 1-25 parts of dicyandiamide, 1-10 parts of epoxy resin, 5-10 parts of phenolic resin and 1-10 parts of potassium oxalate. The agent has good extinguishing effect, is safe and environmentally friendly, has low cost, and will not cause corrosion and damage to electrical equipment. CN110384888A discloses a low-burning-temperature environmentally friendly hot aerosol extinguishing agent, which comprises 65-75 parts of an oxidizing agent, 15-25 parts of a reducing agent and 8-12 parts of a binder based on 100 parts by weight. The oxidizing agent is composed of 80-90 wt% of potassium nitrate and 10-20 wt% of strontium nitrate; the reducing agent is composed of 55-65 wt% of melamine cyanurate and 35-45 wt% of dicyandiamide; and the potassium salt is mixed with a metal salt having a high melting point and a reaction product that does not react with water, which ensures the high extinguishing ability of the potassium salt in the oxidizing agent and reduces the corrosiveness of the solid particles generated after the extinguishing agent burns, while avoiding the phenomenon of fire jumping.

[0005] As can be seen from the above-mentioned technologies, the reducing agent used in the aerosol extinguishing agent currently used is generally a nitrogen-containing organic substance, such as dicyandiamide and melamine, which can generate a large amount of inert extinguishing gas and carry active metal particles to the fire site for extinguishing, but cannot generate active metal particles with chemical suppression extinguishing effect. In addition, the binder used in the aerosol extinguishing agent currently used is generally an alcohol-soluble polymer that does not contain extinguishing active metal, and can only generate inert gases such as CO2 and H2O after release and decomposition. Although inert extinguishing gas can achieve extinguishing, the extinguishing ability of this physical extinguishing method is generally lower than that of chemical extinguishing. Therefore, how to improve the concentration of active metal after the release of the aerosol extinguishing agent is the key to making the aerosol extinguishing agent have higher extinguishing ability.

[0006] SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the above technical problems, the present application provides an aerosol extinguishing agent with high extinguishing ability and a preparation method thereof, which contains an active metal-containing organic substance as a reducing agent and a binder, respectively, to improve the concentration of active metal after the release of the aerosol extinguishing agent, and thus improve the extinguishing ability.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present application provides an aerosol fire extinguishing agent with high fire extinguishing capacity, which is composed of fire extinguishing raw materials and moisture-proof raw materials, wherein the mass ratio of the fire extinguishing raw materials and the moisture-proof raw materials is 100:0.5-3.

[0009] Preferably, the fire extinguishing raw materials include the following raw materials in percentages: 55%-70% oxidizing agent, 18%-40% metal organic salt reducing agent, 4%-10% additive, and 6%-12% metal organic salt binder; and the moisture-proof raw materials are emulsified silicone oil.

[0010] Preferably, the oxidizing agent is one or more of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and potassium perchlorate.

[0011] Preferably, the metal organic salt reducing agent is organic potassium salt and / or organic sodium salt.

[0012] Further preferably, the organic potassium salt is any one of potassium biphthalate, potassium benzoate, potassium bitartrate, potassium tartrate, potassium cinnamate, potassium formate, potassium acetate, potassium oxalate, potassium citrate, potassium gluconate, potassium stearate and potassium sorbate; and the organic sodium salt is any one of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, sodium salicylate, dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate and tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate.

[0013] Preferably, the additive is one or more of potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium thiocyanate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium thiocyanate.

[0014] Preferably, the metal organic salt binder is any one of potassium alginate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate.

[0015] Preferably, the emulsified silicone oil is a white translucent liquid with a solid content of 30% and a pH value of 6.7±0.5.

[0016] The present application also provides a preparation method of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent with high fire extinguishing capacity, which comprises the following steps:

[0017] (1) crushing and sieving the oxidizing agent, the metal organic salt reducing agent, the additive and the metal organic salt binder raw materials respectively;

[0018] (2) mixing and stirring the oxidizing agent, the metal organic salt reducing agent, the additive and the metal organic salt binder obtained in step (1) uniformly to obtain a mixture;

[0019] (3) adding a solvent to the mixture, mixing and stirring to form a lump, granulating and drying to obtain a material mixture;

[0020] (4) adding emulsified silicon oil into the mixed material, mixing and secondly granulating, and then hydrophobic treatment and drying to obtain the drug column, namely the aerosol fire extinguishing agent.

[0021] Preferably, the solvent in step (3) is water, and the amount of solvent is 8-12% of the total mass of the mixture.

[0022] Preferably, the hydrophobic / drying treatment condition in step (4) is 12h at 80℃.

[0023] Preferably, the mesh size of the sieve in step (1) is 100-120 mesh, and the size of the raw material particles after sieving is <100 mesh.

[0024] Preferably, the particle size after granulation in step (3) is 0.8-1.0mm, and the drying condition is 10-12h at 50-60℃.

[0025] Preferably, the particle size after secondly granulation in step (4) is 0.8-1.0mm, and the pressing pressure is 8-10MPa.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0027] 1. The suitable types of metal organic salts are used as reducing agents and binders respectively, so that a large number of active metal particles can be generated after the aerosol drug column is released, thereby improving the fire extinguishing ability; the organic metal salt can also improve the burning rate of the aerosol agent, thereby shortening the release time of the aerosol, thereby improving the fire extinguishing ability. In addition, the organic metal salt binder also has water solubility, and water has good wettability for the organic salt, so that organic matter is not needed as a solvent, making the production of the agent more safe and environmentally friendly.

[0028] 2. The decomposable potassium / sodium salt is used as an additive, and the decomposition of the active metal particles and CO2, H2O and other inert gases is an endothermic reaction, which can reduce the temperature of the aerosol and the spraying device to a certain extent, and can also increase the aerosol concentration, thereby further improving the fire extinguishing ability of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent.

[0029] 3. Since most metal organic salts are water-soluble, and water-soluble substances have strong hygroscopicity, the aerosol fire extinguishing agent prepared therefrom is easy to absorb moisture and shorten the effective period. To this end, the present application adds emulsified silicon oil to the prepared aerosol generating agent to modify the surface of the agent to be hydrophobic, thereby obtaining an aerosol agent with excellent moisture resistance, solving the strong hygroscopicity problem of the potassium salt aerosol agent. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions of the present application are further explained and described below in connection with specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present application and should not be construed as limiting the present application. The protection scope of the present application should be based on the content recited in the claims. Modifications and replacements of the technical solutions of the present application made by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] An aerosol fire extinguishing agent is composed of fire extinguishing raw materials and moisture-proof raw materials, wherein the fire extinguishing raw materials are composed of 64% potassium nitrate, 23% potassium hydrogen phthalate, 5% potassium carbonate and 8% potassium alginate by mass percentage, and the moisture-proof raw materials are emulsified silicone oil, and the amount is 0.5% of the mass of the fire extinguishing raw materials.

[0033] (1) The potassium nitrate, potassium hydrogen phthalate, potassium carbonate and potassium alginate are crushed and then sieved through a 100-mesh screen;

[0034] (2) 64% potassium nitrate, 23% potassium hydrogen phthalate, 5% potassium carbonate and 8% potassium alginate are weighed and stirred and mixed uniformly in a mixer to obtain a mixture;

[0035] (3) 10% water of the mass of the mixture is added to the mixture, and the mixture is quickly stirred into a lump, granulated through a 20-mesh screen and dried at 55°C for 12h to obtain a material mixed granule;

[0036] (4) 0.5% emulsified silicone oil of the mass of the material mixed granule is added to the material mixed granule, and after being uniformly mixed and stirred, the material is secondarily granulated through a 20-mesh screen, and then subjected to hydrophobic / drying treatment at 80°C for 12h.

[0037] (5) The material obtained in step (4) is pressed into a Φ24mm propellant column at 9MPa, which is the aerosol fire extinguishing agent.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] The method and steps are the same as in Example 1, wherein the type and amount of the fire extinguishing raw materials are changed to 60% sodium nitrate, 10% potassium benzoate, 12% potassium hydrogen tartrate, 5% potassium bicarbonate, 5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 8% potassium alginate, and the amount of emulsified silicone oil is changed to 0.8% of the mass of the fire extinguishing raw materials, and a Φ24mm propellant column is prepared, which is the aerosol fire extinguishing agent.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] The method and procedure are the same as in Example 1, except that the types and amounts of the fire extinguishing materials are changed to 30% potassium nitrate, 32% potassium perchlorate, 10% potassium tartrate, 16% potassium cinnamate, 6% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 6% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the amount of emulsified silicone oil is changed to 1.2% of the mass of the fire extinguishing materials, to produce a Φ24mm propellant, i.e. an aerosol fire extinguishing agent.

[0042] Example 4

[0043] The method and procedure are the same as in Example 1, except that the types and amounts of the fire extinguishing materials are changed to 61% sodium nitrate, 12% potassium formate, 10% potassium acetate, 3% potassium thiocyanate, 4% sodium carbonate and 10% sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, and the amount of emulsified silicone oil is changed to 1.0% of the mass of the fire extinguishing materials, to produce a Φ24mm propellant, i.e. an aerosol fire extinguishing agent.

[0044] Example 5

[0045] The method and procedure are the same as in Example 1, except that the types and amounts of the fire extinguishing materials are changed to 63% sodium nitrate, 15% potassium oxalate, 10% potassium citrate, 6% sodium bicarbonate and 6% sodium alginate, and the amount of emulsified silicone oil is changed to 2.4% of the mass of the fire extinguishing materials, to produce a Φ24mm propellant, i.e. an aerosol fire extinguishing agent.

[0046] Example 6

[0047] The method and procedure are the same as in Example 1, except that the types and amounts of the fire extinguishing materials are changed to 63% sodium nitrate, 10% potassium gluconate, 10% potassium stearate, 5% sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 12% potassium alginate, and the amount of emulsified silicone oil is changed to 0.8% of the mass of the fire extinguishing materials, to produce a Φ24mm propellant, i.e. an aerosol fire extinguishing agent.

[0048] Example 7

[0049] The method and procedure are the same as in Example 1, except that the types and amounts of the fire extinguishing materials are changed to 62% sodium nitrate, 10% potassium sorbate, 13% dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 7% disodium hydrogen phosphate and 8% sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, and the amount of emulsified silicone oil is changed to 0.6% of the mass of the fire extinguishing materials, to produce a Φ24mm propellant, i.e. an aerosol fire extinguishing agent.

[0050] Example 8

[0051] The method and procedure are the same as in Example 1, except that the types and amounts of the fire extinguishing materials are changed to 59% sodium nitrate, 14% sodium salicylate, 12% disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 8% sodium thiocyanate and 7% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the amount of emulsified silicone oil is changed to 1.0% of the mass of the fire extinguishing materials, to produce a Φ24mm propellant, i.e. an aerosol fire extinguishing agent.

[0052] Example 9

[0053] The method and steps are the same as those of Example 1, except that the types and amounts of the extinguishing raw materials are changed to 60% sodium nitrate, 10% tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 13% potassium sorbate, 5% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 12% potassium alginate, and the amount of emulsified silicone oil is changed to 0.8% of the mass of the extinguishing raw materials, to prepare a Φ24mm propellant, i.e. an aerosol extinguishing agent.

[0054] Comparative Example 1

[0055] An aerosol extinguishing agent, comprising the following raw materials in mass percentage: 62% sodium nitrate, 10% tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 16% potassium sorbate and 12% potassium alginate, is prepared by the following method:

[0056] (1) The sodium nitrate, tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, potassium sorbate and potassium alginate are crushed and then sieved through a 100-mesh screen;

[0057] (2) 62% sodium nitrate, 10% tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 16% potassium sorbate and 12% potassium alginate are weighed and stirred and mixed uniformly in a mixer to obtain a mixture;

[0058] (3) Water is added to the mixture at 10% of the mass of the mixture, and the mixture is quickly stirred into a mass, which is granulated through a 20-mesh screen and then dried in an oven at 55°C for 12h to obtain a mixture of granules;

[0059] (4) The mixture of granules obtained in step (3) is pressed into a Φ24mm propellant at 9MPa, i.e. an aerosol extinguishing agent.

[0060] Comparative Example 2

[0061] The method and steps are the same as those of Comparative Example 1, except that the raw materials are changed to 62% sodium nitrate, 16% sodium salicylate, 15% disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate and 7% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, to prepare a Φ24mm propellant, i.e. an aerosol extinguishing agent.

[0062] Comparative Example 3

[0063] The method and steps are the same as those of Comparative Example 1, except that the raw materials are changed to 62% potassium nitrate, 26% melamine and 12% phenolic resin, and water is replaced with an equal amount of anhydrous methanol, to prepare a Φ24mm propellant, i.e. an aerosol extinguishing agent.

[0064] Comparative Example 4

[0065] The method and steps are the same as those of Comparative Example 1, except that the raw materials are changed to 62% sodium nitrate, 26% dicyandiamide and 12% phenolic resin, and water is replaced with an equal amount of anhydrous methanol, to prepare a Φ24mm propellant, i.e. an aerosol extinguishing agent.

[0066] Comparative Example 5

[0067] The method and procedure are the same as in Example 1, except that the hydrogen potassium phthalate is replaced by an equivalent amount of dicyandiamide to produce a Φ24mm charge column, which is an aerosol fire extinguishing agent.

[0068] Comparative Example 6

[0069] The method and procedure are the same as in Example 1, except that the potassium alginate is replaced by an equivalent amount of phenolic resin to produce a Φ24mm charge column, which is an aerosol fire extinguishing agent.

[0070] Comparative Example 7

[0071] The method and procedure are the same as in Example 1, except that no potassium carbonate is added as an additive to produce a Φ24mm charge column, which is an aerosol fire extinguishing agent.

[0072] Comparative Example 8

[0073] The method and procedure are the same as in Example 1, except that step (4) is omitted and no emulsified silicone oil is used to directly produce a Φ24mm charge column, which is an aerosol fire extinguishing agent.

[0074] Comparative Example 9

[0075] The method and procedure are the same as in Example 1, except that the emulsified silicone oil is replaced by silicone oil to produce a Φ24mm charge column, which is an aerosol fire extinguishing agent.

[0076] Comparative Example 10

[0077] The method and procedure are the same as in Example 1, except that the amount of emulsified silicone oil is changed to 0.1% of the mass of the mixed material to produce a Φ24mm charge column, which is an aerosol fire extinguishing agent.

[0078] Comparative Example 11

[0079] The method and procedure are the same as in Example 1, except that the amount of emulsified silicone oil is changed to 3.5% of the mass of the mixed material to produce a Φ24mm charge column, which is an aerosol fire extinguishing agent.

[0080] Example 10

[0081] (1) The charge columns produced in the above examples and comparative examples are coated with a layer of tin foil to prevent the charge column from firing during the combustion process. A ignition head is fixed at one end of the charge column as a starting heat source. The charge column is then placed in a 1m 3 test box for spray extinguishing experiments. The spray time, extinguishing time, and combustion temperature of the device are recorded. The spray extinguishing experiment is carried out in accordance with 7.11.3 of XF499.1 "Aerosol Fire Extinguishing System Part 1 Hot Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Device";

[0082] (2) The drug column prepared in the above examples and comparative examples was placed in an environment with a temperature of 25°C and a relative humidity of 90% for 24 h, the weight of the drug column before and after moisture absorption was measured, the moisture absorption rate of the drug column was calculated, and the calculation formula of the moisture absorption rate was as follows:

[0083] Moisture absorption rate = (weight after moisture absorption - weight before moisture absorption) / weight before moisture absorption x 100%.

[0084] Table 1: Fire extinguishing performance and moisture absorption rate of the drug column Note: The extinguishing concentration is the aerosol concentration at the extinguishing moment.

[0085] Results: As can be seen from Table 1, the extinguishing concentrations of Comparative Examples 3 and 4 are higher than those of Examples 1-9, and the extinguishing times of Comparative Examples 3 and 4 are longer than those of Examples 1-9, indicating that the aerosol concentration of Comparative Examples 3 and 4 is lower than that of the aerosol with potassium / sodium salt as the reducing agent, binder and additive. At the same time, it also indicates that increasing the content of potassium / sodium in the aerosol composition can improve the fire extinguishing ability of the aerosol. Comparative Examples 3 and 4 have longer spraying time and slower burning rate than Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, so they also show lower fire extinguishing ability. As can be seen from the comparison of Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the combustion temperature of the aerosol with potassium / sodium salt as the additive is lower, and the potassium / sodium salt additive can produce new aerosol while decomposing and absorbing heat to cool down. Because the aerosol mainly achieves fire extinguishing through chemical inhibition, increasing the content of fire extinguishing active substances in the aerosol can provide its fire extinguishing ability. As can be seen from the comparison of Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, adding emulsified silicone oil to the aerosol drug can significantly reduce its moisture absorption.

Claims

1. An aerosol fire extinguishing agent with high fire extinguishing ability, characterized by: The aerosol fire extinguishing agent is composed of a fire extinguishing raw material and a moisture-proof raw material, wherein the mass ratio of the fire extinguishing raw material to the moisture-proof raw material is 100:0.5-3.

2. The aerosol fire extinguishing agent with high fire extinguishing ability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fire extinguishing raw materials include the following raw materials in mass percentage: 55%-70% oxidant, 18%-40% metal organic salt reducing agent, 4%-10% additive, and 6%-12% metal organic salt binder; the moisture-proof raw material is emulsified silicone oil.

3. The aerosol fire extinguishing agent with high fire extinguishing ability according to claim 2, characterized in that: The oxidant is one or more of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and potassium perchlorate.

4. The aerosol fire extinguishing agent with high fire extinguishing ability according to claim 2, characterized in that: The metal organic salt reducing agent is an organic potassium salt and / or an organic sodium salt.

5. The aerosol fire extinguishing agent with high fire extinguishing ability according to claim 4, characterized in that: The organic potassium salt is any one of potassium hydrogen phthalate, potassium benzoate, potassium hydrogen tartrate, potassium tartrate, potassium cinnamate, potassium formate, potassium acetate, potassium oxalate, potassium citrate, potassium gluconate, potassium stearate and potassium sorbate; the organic sodium salt is any one of disodium edetate, sodium salicylate, dipotassium edetate and tetrasodium edetate.

6. The aerosol fire extinguishing agent with high fire extinguishing ability according to claim 2, characterized in that: The additive is one or more of potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium thiocyanate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium thiocyanate.

7. The aerosol fire extinguishing agent with high fire extinguishing ability according to claim 2, characterized in that: The metal organic salt binder is any one of potassium alginate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate.

8. The aerosol fire extinguishing agent with high fire extinguishing ability according to claim 2, characterized in that: The emulsified silicone oil has a solid content of 30% and a pH value of 6.7±0.

5.

9. A method for preparing an aerosol fire extinguishing agent with high fire extinguishing ability according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) respectively crushing and sieving the raw materials of the oxidant, the metal organic salt reducing agent, the additive and the metal organic salt binder; (2) mixing the oxidant, metal organic salt reducing agent, additive and metal organic salt binder obtained in step (1) and stirring them uniformly to obtain a mixture; (3) adding a solvent to the mixture, stirring and mixing to form a mass, and granulating and drying to obtain mixed material granules; (4) Add emulsified silicone oil to the material mixture, mix well and perform secondary granulation, and press to obtain a powder column after hydrophobic / drying treatment, which is an aerosol fire extinguishing agent.

10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The solvent in step (3) is water, and the amount of the solvent used is 8-12% of the total mass of the mixture; the hydrophobic / drying treatment condition in step (4) is 12 hours at 80°C.

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