Channel state information (CSI) for joint communication and radar sensing

Abstract

This disclosure provides systems, devices, apparatus, and methods, including computer programs encoded on storage media, for CSI-RS-ISAC to perform radar sensing. A UE (102) receives (306), from a network entity (104), an integrated sensing and communication ISAC, configuration indicating a channel state information-reference signal, CSI-RS, configured for a channel state information, CSI. report. The UE (102) receives (308), from the network entity (104), the CSI-RS based on the ISAC configuration. The UE (102) transmits (312), to the network entity (104), the CSI report including measurement information associated with the CSI-RS, the measurement information indicating an availability of the UE (102) to operate in at least one of a first ISAC operation mode or a second ISAC operation mode different from the first ISAC operation mode.

Description

CHANNEL STATE INFORMATION (CSI) FOR JOINT COMMUNICATION AND RADAR SENSING CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 631,271, filed 08 April 2024, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communication, and more particularly, to systems and methods of channel state information (CSI) for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC). BACKGROUND

[0003] The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specifies a radio interface referred to as fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR) (5G NR). An architecture for a 5G NR wireless communication system can include a 5G core (5GC) network, a 5G radio access network (5G-RAN), a user equipment (UE), etc. The 5G NR architecture might provide increased data rates, decreased latency, and / or increased capacity compared to other types of wireless communication systems.

[0004] Wireless communication systems, in general, may be configured to provide various telecommunication services (e.g., telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, etc.) based on multiple-access technologies, such as orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technologies, that support communication with multiple UEs. Improvements in mobile broadband, such as the integration of radar technologies with mobile broadband technologies, have been useful to continue the progression of such wireless communication technologies. For example, the 6th generation (6G) mobile communication systems help to implement an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) (may also be referred to as joint communication and sensing (JCAS)). In ISAC, a single waveform may be used for both communication and radar sensing. However, there may be a performance tradeoff between the sensing and communication requirements.SUMMARY

[0005] The following presents a simplified summary to provide a basic understanding of aspects of the disclosure. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects. Instead, this summary is a prelude to the more detailed description below.

[0006] Applications such as extended reality (XR) applications and autonomous vehicle applications require simultaneous sensing and communication capabilities. Sensing technology for object positioning and velocity detection application has been developed in parallel with wireless communication technology. The 6th generation (6G) mobile communication systems help to support these applications and implement an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC). In the ISAC (may also be referred to as joint communication and sensing (JCAS)), sensing and communication capabilities are mutually beneficial and may share the same infrastructure. The sharing of the same infrastructure can improve energy and spectral efficiency while reducing the hardware cost. Accordingly, a single waveform may be used for both communication and radar sensing. However, there may be a performance tradeoff between the sensing and communication requirements. For example, a user equipment (UE) may need to transmit a channel state information (CSI) report including CSI feedback that accounts for communication with and / or without the UE performing radar sensing at the same time.

[0007] The present disclosure addresses the above-noted and other deficiencies by using CSI-reference signals (CSI-RSs) configured to assist the network entity in deciding whether to perform a first ISAC operation mode with the help of the UE for radar sensing (e.g., bi- static radar sensing) or perform a second ISAC operation mode without the help of the UE (e.g., mono-static radar sensing). That is, when the network entity decides to perform the ISAC with bi-static radar sensing, the UE will perform communication and radar sensing at the same time. For example, the network entity performs the bi-static radar sensing with assistance from the UE based on an indication in a CSI report that the channel condition (e.g., channel quality indicator (CQI)) is suitable for operating in the first ISAC operation mode. When the network entity decides to perform the ISAC with mono-static radar sensing, the UE will perform communication only (without radar sensing at the UE). For example, the network entity performs the mono-static radar sensing based on an indication in the CSI report that the channel condition is suitable for operating in the second ISAC operation mode. To perform the ISAC with or without bi-static radar sensing, the network entity configures 1143802460WO 2the UE by indicating resources for the UE to feedback the CSI report based on the CQI being suitable for the first ISAC operation mode or the second ISAC operation mode. The network entity receives, from the UE, the CSI report indicating measurement information of the CSI- RS, where the measurement information assists the network entity in deciding which radar sensing mode to operate in (e.g., either bi-static or mono-static radar sensing).

[0008] According to some aspects, the UE receives, from a network entity, an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) configuration indicating a CSI-RS configured for a CSI report. The UE receives, from the network entity, the CSI-RS based on the ISAC configuration. The UE transmits, to the network entity, the CSI report including measurement information associated with the CSI-RS, the measurement information indicating an availability of the UE to operate in at least one of a first ISAC operation mode or a second ISAC operation mode different from the first ISAC operation mode.

[0009] According to some aspects, the network entity transmits, to a UE, an ISAC configuration indicating a CSI-RS configured for a CSI report. The network entity transmits, to the UE, the CSI-RS based on the ISAC configuration. The network entity receives, from the UE, the CSI report including measurement information associated with the CSI-RS, the measurement information indicating an availability of the UE to operate in at least one of a first ISAC operation mode or a second ISAC operation mode different from the first ISAC operation mode. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] FIG. 1 illustrates a diagram of a wireless communications system that includes a plurality of user equipments (UEs) and network entities in communication over one or more cells according to an embodiment.

[0011] FIGs. 2A is a diagram illustrating example environment for implementing channel state information-reference signal for integrated sensing and communication (CSI-RS-ISAC) to perform a first ISAC operation mode with UE assistance for radar sensing according to some embodiments.

[0012] FIGs. 2B is a diagram illustrating example environment for implementing CSI-RS- ISAC to perform a second ISAC operation mode without UE assistance for radar sensing according to some embodiments. 1143802460WO 3

[0013] FIG.3 is a signaling diagram that illustrates procedures for CSI-RS-ISAC according to an embodiment.

[0014] FIGs. 4A-4C are flowcharts of methods of ISAC at a UE according to some embodiments.

[0015] FIGs. 5A-5C are flowcharts of methods of ISAC at a network entity according to some embodiments.

[0016] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a hardware implementation for an example UE apparatus according to some embodiments.

[0017] FIG.7 is a diagram illustrating a hardware implementation for one or more example network entities according to some embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] FIG.1 illustrates a diagram 100 of a wireless communications system associated with a plurality of cells 190. The wireless communications system includes user equipments (UEs) 102 and base stations / network entities 104. One or more UEs 102 may include a radar device 103e and one or more base stations 104e may include a radar device 103f. The UEs 102 may communicate with the base stations 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links 178. A downlink portion of the access link 178 may be combined with a radar signal to result in a combined radar and communication signal. This combined radar and communication signal may use orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation or orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation. The UEs 102 may transmit to the network entity 104, information using an uplink portion of the access link 178. The UEs 102 can perform radar sensing for imaging an environment or determining information about an object based a reflection of the radar signal 172.

[0019] Some base stations may include an aggregated base station architecture and other base stations may include a disaggregated base station architecture. The aggregated base station architecture utilizes a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single radio access network (RAN) node. A disaggregated base station architecture utilizes a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (e.g., radio unit (RU) 106, distributed unit (DU) 108, central unit (CU) 110). For example, a CU 110 is implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs 108 may be co-located 1143802460WO 4with the CU 110, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other RAN nodes. The DUs 108 may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs 106. Any of the RU 106, the DU 108 and the CU 110 can be implemented as virtual units, such as a virtual radio unit (VRU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual central unit (VCU). The base station / network entity 104 (e.g., an aggregated base station or disaggregated units of the base station, such as the RU 106 or the DU 108), may be referred to as a transmission reception point (TRP).

[0020] Operations of the base station 104 and / or network designs may be based on aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base station architectures are utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open- radio access network (O-RAN) network, or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN), which may also be referred to a cloud radio access network (C-RAN). Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across the two or more units at various physical locations, as well as distributing functionality for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network designs. The various units of the disaggregated base station architecture, or the disaggregated RAN architecture, can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit. For example, the base stations 104d, 104e and / or the RUs 106a, 106b, 106c, 106d may communicate with the UEs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, 102e, and / or 102s via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links based on a Uu interface. In examples, multiple RUs 106 and / or base stations 104 may simultaneously serve the UEs 102, such as by intra-cell and / or inter-cell access links between the UEs 102 and the RUs 106 / base stations 104.

[0021] The RU 106, the DU 108, and the CU 110 may include (or may be coupled to) one or more interfaces configured to transmit or receive information / signals via a wired or wireless transmission medium. For example, a wired interface can be configured to transmit or receive the information / signals over a wired transmission medium, such as via the fronthaul link 160 between the RU 106d and the baseband unit (BBU) 112 of the base station 104d associated with the cell 190d. The BBU 112 includes a DU 108 and a CU 110, which may also have a wired interface (e.g., midhaul link) configured between the DU 108 and the CU 110 to transmit or receive the information / signals between the DU 108 and the CU 110. In further examples, a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver, such as an RF transceiver, configured to transmit and / or receive the 1143802460WO 5information / signals via the wireless transmission medium, such as for information communicated between the RU 106a of the cell 190a and the base station 104e of the cell 190e via cross-cell communication beams 136-138 of the RU 106a and the base station 104e.

[0022] The RUs 106 may be configured to implement lower layer functionality. For example, the RU 106 is controlled by the DU 108 and may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or lower layer PHY functionality, such as execution of fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc. The functionality of the RU 106 may be based on the functional split, such as a functional split of lower layers.

[0023] The RUs 106 may transmit or receive over-the-air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 102. For example, the RU 106b of the cell 190b communicates with the UE 102b of the cell 190b via a first set of communication beams 132 of the RU 106b and a second set of communication beams 134b of the UE 102b, which may correspond to inter- cell communication beams or, in some examples, cross-cell communication beams. For instance, the UE 102b of the cell 190b may communicate with the RU 106a of the cell 190a via a third set of communication beams 134a of the UE 102b and a fourth set of communication beams 136 of the RU 106a. DUs 108 can control both real-time and non- real-time features of control plane and user plane communications of the RUs 106.

[0024] Any combination of the RU 106, the DU 108, and the CU 110, or reference thereto individually, may correspond to a base station 104. Thus, the base station 104 may include at least one of the RU 106, the DU 108, or the CU 110. The base stations 104 provide the UEs 102 with access to a core network. The base stations 104 may relay communications between the UEs 102 and the core network (not shown). The base stations 104 may be associated with macrocells for higher-power cellular base stations and / or small cells for lower-power cellular base stations. For example, the cell 190e may correspond to a macrocell, whereas the cells 190a-190d may correspond to small cells. Small cells include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc. A network that includes at least one macrocell and at least one small cell may be referred to as a “heterogeneous network.”

[0025] Transmissions from a UE 102 to a base station 104 / RU 106 are referred to as uplink (UL) transmissions, whereas transmissions from the base station 104 / RU 106 to the UE 102 are referred to as downlink (DL) transmissions. Uplink transmissions may also be referred to 1143802460WO 6as reverse link transmissions and downlink transmissions may also be referred to as forward link transmissions. For example, the RU 106d utilizes antennas of the base station 104d of cell 190d to transmit a downlink / forward link communication to the UE 102d or receive an uplink / reverse link communication from the UE 102d based on the Uu interface associated with the access link between the UE 102d and the base station 104d / RU 106d.

[0026] Communication links between the UEs 102 and the base stations 104 / RUs 106 may be based on multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication links may be associated with one or more carriers. The UEs 102 and the base stations 104 / RUs 106 may utilize a spectrum bandwidth of Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, 800, 1600, 2000, etc. MHz) per carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to a total of Yx MHz, where x component carriers (CCs) are used for communication in each of the uplink and downlink directions. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other along a frequency spectrum. In examples, uplink and downlink carriers may be allocated in an asymmetric manner, with more or fewer carriers allocated to either the uplink or the downlink. A primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers may be included in the component carriers. The primary component carrier may be associated with a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carrier may be associated with a secondary cell (SCell).

[0027] Some UEs 102, such as the UEs 102a and 102s, may perform device-to-device (D2D) communications over sidelink. For example, a sidelink communication / D2D link utilizes a spectrum for a wireless wide area network (WWAN) associated with uplink and downlink communications. Such sidelink / D2D communication may be performed through various wireless communications systems, such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) systems, Bluetooth systems, Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, New Radio (NR) systems, etc.

[0028] The UEs 102 and the base stations 104 / RUs 106 may each include a plurality of antennas. The plurality of antennas may correspond to antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays that may facilitate beamforming operations. For example, the RU 106b transmits a downlink beamformed signal based on a first set of communication beams 132 to the UE 102b in one or more transmit directions of the RU 106b. The UE 102b may receive the downlink beamformed signal based on a second set of communication beams 134b from the RU 106b in one or more receive directions of the UE 102b. In a further example, the UE 1143802460WO 7102b may also transmit an uplink beamformed signal (e.g., sounding reference signal (SRS)) to the RU 106b based on the second set of communication beams 134b in one or more transmit directions of the UE 102b. The RU 106b may receive the uplink beamformed signal from the UE 102b in one or more receive directions of the RU 106b. The UE 102b may perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for the beamformed signals. The transmit and receive directions for the UEs 102 and the base stations 104 / RUs 106 may or may not be the same.

[0029] In further examples, beamformed signals may be communicated between a first base station / RU 106a and a second base station 104e. For instance, the base station 104e of the cell 190e may transmit a beamformed signal to the RU 106a based on the communication beams 138 in one or more transmit directions of the base station 104e. The RU 106a may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 104e of the cell 190e based on the RU communication beams 136 in one or more receive directions of the RU 106a. In further examples, the base station 104e transmits a downlink beamformed signal to the UE 102e based on the communication beams 138 in one or more transmit directions of the base station 104e. The UE 102e receives the downlink beamformed signal from the base station 104e based on UE communication beams 130 in one or more receive directions of the UE 102e. The UE 102e may also transmit an uplink beamformed signal to the base station 104e based on the UE communication beams 130 in one or more transmit directions of the UE 102e, such that the base station 104e may receive the uplink beamformed signal from the UE 102e in one or more receive directions of the base station 104e.

[0030] The UEs 102 and the base stations 104 may include radar devices 103. For example, the UE 102e includes a radar device 103e and the base station 104e includes a second radar device 103f. The base station 104 may include and / or be referred to as a network entity. That is, “network entity” may refer to the base station 104 or at least one unit of the base station 104, such as the RU 106, the DU 108, and / or the CU 110. The base station 104 may also include and / or be referred to as a next generation evolved Node B (ng-eNB), a next generation NB (gNB), an evolved NB (eNB), an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a TRP, a network node, network equipment, or other related terminology. The base station 104 or an entity at the base station 104 can be implemented as an IAB node, a relay node, a sidelink node, an aggregated (monolithic) base station, or a 1143802460WO 8disaggregated base station including one or more RUs 106, DUs 108, and / or CUs 110. A set of aggregated or disaggregated base stations may be referred to as a next generation-radio access network (NG-RAN). In some examples, the UE 102a operates in dual connectivity (DC) with the base station 104e and the base station / RU 106a. In such cases, the base station 104e can be a master node and the base station / RU 106a can be a secondary node.

[0031] Uplink / downlink signaling may also be communicated via a satellite positioning system (SPS) 114. In an example, the SPS 114 associated with the cell 190c may be in communication with one or more UEs 102, such as the UE 102c, and one or more base stations 104 / RUs 106, such as the RU 106c. The SPS 114 may correspond to one or more of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), a global position system (GPS), a non- terrestrial network (NTN), or other satellite position / location system. The SPS 114 may be associated with LTE signals, NR signals (e.g., based on round trip time (RTT) and / or multi- RTT), wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS), sensor-based information, NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) techniques, downlink angle-of- departure (DL-AoD), downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), uplink angle-of-arrival (UL-AoA), and / or other systems, signals, or sensors.

[0032] Still referring to FIG.1, in certain aspects, the UE 102 may include a UE channel state information-integrated sensing and communication (CSI-ISAC) component 140 configured to receive, from a network entity, an ISAC configuration indicating a CSI-RS, configured for a CSI report; receive, from the network entity, the CSI-RS based on the ISAC configuration; and transmit, to the network entity, the CSI report including measurement information associated with the CSI-RS, the measurement information indicating an availability of the UE to operate in at least one of a first ISAC operation mode or a second ISAC operation mode different from the first JCAS operation mode.

[0033] In certain aspects, the base station 104 or a network entity of the base station 104 may include a BS CSI-ISAC component 150 configured to transmit, to a UE, an ISAC configuration indicating a CSI-RS configured for a CSI report; transmit, to the UE, the CSI- RS based on the ISAC configuration; and receive, from the UE, the CSI report including measurement information associated with the CSI-RS, the measurement information 1143802460WO 9indicating an availability of the UE to operate in at least one of a first ISAC operation mode or a second ISAC operation mode different from the first ISAC operation mode.

[0034] Accordingly, FIG.1 describes a wireless communication system that may be implemented in connection with aspects of one or more other figures described herein, such as aspects illustrated in FIGs.2A-7. Further, although the following description may be focused on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar areas, such as 5G-Advanced and future versions, LTE, LTE-advanced (LTE-A), and other wireless technologies, such as 6G.

[0035] FIGs.2A-2B illustrate example environments 200 and 250 for implementing CSI- RS-ISAC to enable ISAC operation modes for radar sensing (e.g., bi-static radar sensing or mono-static radar sensing), according to some embodiments. The illustrated example environment includes a network entity 104 (e.g., FIG.1 element 104e), UE 102 (e.g., FIG 1 element 102). The UE 102 may be implemented as any suitable computing or wireless smart device, such as an extended reality (XR) headset, mobile communication device, a modem, cellular phone, gaming device, smart glass, navigation device, media device, laptop computer, desktop computer, tablet computer, smart appliance, vehicle-based communication system, an Internet-of-things (IoT) device (e.g., sensor node, controller / actuator node, combination thereof), and the like. In this example, UE 102 may be deployed as an autonomous vehicle. Although FIGs.2A-2B illustrate environments 200 and 250 include one UE, multiple UEs may be included in the environments 200 and 250.

[0036] Radar sensing can be used for imaging an environment or determining information about an object 176 in the environment based on range, Doppler, and / or angle information determined from a reflection of the radar signal 172. The radar signal 172 includes a defined waveform, such as a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW), a pulse waveform, or a chirp waveform, among other examples of a defined waveform. Radar sensing can also be employed for automotive radar, e.g., detecting an environment around a vehicle, nearby vehicles or items, detecting information for smart cruise control, collision avoidance, etc. Radar signal sensing can also be employed for gesture recognition, e.g., a human activity recognition, a hand motion recognition, a facial expression recognition, a keystroke detection, sign language detection, etc. Radar signal sensing can be employed to acquire contextual information, e.g., location detection, tracking, determining directions, range estimation, etc. 1143802460WO 10Radar sensing can be employed to image an environment, e.g., to provide a 3-dimensional (3D) map for virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR) applications. Radar devices can be employed to provide high resolution localization, e.g., for industrial Internet-of-things (IoT) applications. Radar sensing combined with communication (or also known as ISAC or JCAS) may be a key technology for the next-generation wireless network. For example, autonomous vehicles might require robust sensing capability while receiving from the network entity high-density information such as high-resolution maps. Any suitable radar system may be utilized such as, frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW), pulse- Doppler radar, phase-modulated spread-spectrum radar, impulse radar, or MIMO radar.

[0037] ISAC, when implemented, may enable various applications such as object detection and tracking, environment (e.g., rainfall and flooding) monitoring, human motion monitoring, collision avoidance and tracking of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), etc.

[0038] Different sensing modes may be specified and supported in a wireless communication system. The sensing modes include mono-static UE, mono-static network entity, bi-static UE-to-network entity, bi-static network entity-to-UE, bi-static UE-to-UE, or bi-static network entity-to-network entity, among other examples. A sensing mode is mono- static when the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are co-located within the same UE device or within the same network device. A sensing mode is bi-static when the receiver of the sensing signal is located remotely from the transmitter of the sensing signal. The sensing can also be multi-static when multiple sensing receivers are used, and they are located on multiple devices and located remotely from the transmitter of the sensing signal.

[0039] The network entity 104 communicates with the UE 102 using the access link 178 (e.g., wireless link) for control and / or data communication. For example, the network entity 104 communicates control information and downlink data to the UE 102 via the access link 178. The UE 102 communicates control information and uplink data to the network entity 104 via the access link 178. For example, the network entity 104 transmits a configuration (e.g., CSI report configuration) that indicates CSI-RS configured for CSI feedback from the UE. Then, the network entity 104 transmits the CSI-RS using the access link 178. A downlink communication signal of the access link 178 may be combined with the radar signal 172 to result in an ISAC signal. ISAC signal can be used for radar sensing and communication simultaneously with minimum hardware cost. Additionally, shared resources 1143802460WO 11in time domain or frequency domain may reduce interference between radar and communication signals.

[0040] In response, the network entity 104 receives the CSI feedback indicating an availability of the UE 102 to operate in a first ISAC operation mode or a second ISAC operation mode. For example, if the CSI feedback indicates channel conditions that are suitable for the UE 102 to operate in the first ISAC operation, the network entity 104 will receive an assistance from the UE 102 to perform a bi-static radar sensing as will be described in detail in connection with FIG.2A. If the CSI feedback indicates channel conditions that are suitable for the UE 102 to operate in the second ISAC operation, the network entity 104 will perform a mono-static radar sensing without UE assistance as will be described in detail in connection with FIG.2B.

[0041] The UE may transmit the CSI feedback via a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a short physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a long PUCCH. The CSI feedback may include CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), a rank indicator (RI), a precoder matrix indicator (PMI), a layer indicator (LI), and a channel quality indicator (CQI).

[0042] Referring to FIG.2A, when the UE 102 indicates that channel conditions are suitable for the UE to perform radar sensing and communication at the same time, the network entity 104 can act as a radar-transmitter to transmit a radar signal 172 for radar sensing and also uplink communications. For example, network entity 104 transmits the ISAC signal (e.g., PDSCH transmission) which is used for radar sensing and communications. The network entity 104 communicates with the UEs 102 using the access link 178 (e.g., wireless link).

[0043] Before the network entity 104 transmits the radar signal 172, the network entity 104 may configure transmission characteristics of the radar signal 172 (e.g., frequency, bandwidth, and transmit power, beamforming configuration, radar signal modulation type) to achieve a desired detection range, range resolution, or doppler sensitivity, for detecting the object 176.

[0044] As the network entity 104 transmits the radar signal 172, the radar signal 172 propagates through space and reflects off the object 176. For example, the PDSCH transmission is reflected off the object 176. Reflected radar signals 174 may represent a reflected version of the radar signal 172. As shown in FIG.2A, the amplitude of the reflected 1143802460WO 12radar signals 174 is smaller than the amplitude of the radar signal 172 due to various phenomena (e.g., propagation, diffraction, scattering, reflection, and multipath fading).

[0045] As depicted in FIG.2A, the UE 102 can act as a radar-receiver to receive the reflection of the radar signal 172 reflected from the object 176. When the UE 102 receives a combined radar and communication signal, the UE 102 can demodulate and decode the communication portion of the signal to receive downlink information from the network entity 104. For example, the UE 102 receives the PDSCH transmission for radar sensing and communication.

[0046] A UE 102 receives a reflected radar signal 174 reflected from the object 176 as well as the radar signal 172 directly (unreflected). For example, the UE 102 receives a reflection of the radar signal 172 (reflected radar signal 174) reflected from the object 176 as well as the radar signal 172 directly (unreflected) from the network entity 104. Note that the unreflected radar signal does not include any reflections.

[0047] The UE 102 may perform a preprocessing on the data associated with the reflection of the radar signal 172. The data associated with the reflection may include baseband IQ samples that are generated after demodulation operation on the reflection 174 of the radar signal 172. For example, the UE 102 performs a data compression (e.g., down sampling, data decimation) to compress the size of the data to reduce a total runtime of the joint radar processing. The UE 102 may also perform a filtering operation (e.g., match filtering) to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the data in the presence noise and increase range resolution.

[0048] After the preprocessing, the UE 102 performs radar processing on the data to determine object detection information which includes information about the object 176. For example, the UE 102 performs radar processing based on the UE information (e.g., a location of the UE, an antenna identification (ID) of the UE, or a beam ID of the UE) to extract object detection information for the data by applying range, Doppler, and beamform processing for the data.

[0049] In some examples, the UE 102 performs an object detection operation based on range-Doppler information (e.g., range-Doppler map) to extract object detection information. For example, the UE 102 applies an object detection algorithm to determine a presence of the object 176. Then, the UE 102 determines the range of the object 176. For example, the UE 1143802460WO 13102 applies ranging algorithm (e.g., multiple signal classification (MUSIC)) to estimate the azimuth direction and elevation angle of the object.

[0050] Then, the UE 102 transmits, to the network entity 104, radar report including object detection information about the object 176 using an uplink portion of the access link 178. The radar report may include the radar sensing information including a range information, doppler information, or angular information of an object. After receiving the radar report, the network entity 104 determines a location of the object 176 based on the object detection information.

[0051] Now referring to FIG.2B, when the UE 102 indicates in the CSI feedback that the channel condition is not suitable for the UE 102 to perform communication and radar sensing, the network entity 104 may perform mono-static radar sensing. In this situation, the UE 102 refrains from performing radar sensing and only performs communication with the network entity 104. That is, the network entity 104 may transmit a downlink signal (e.g., PDSCH) via the access link 178, which is used by the UE 102 for communication only. The downlink signal may also serve as a radar signal 172 for radar sensing. Accordingly, the network entity 104 may act as a radar-receiver to receive reflections 174 of the radar signal 172 reflected from the object 176. The network entity 104 performs radar processing on the data to determine object detection information which includes object information about the object 176.

[0052] Accordingly, FIGs.2A-2B describe example environments in which various aspects of ISAC operation may be implemented in connection with aspects of one or more other figures described herein, such as aspects illustrated in FIGs.3-7.

[0053] FIG.3 is a signaling diagram that illustrates example scenario 300 for CSI-RS ISAC with a network entity 104 (e.g., a base station) as a radar-transmitter and a UE 102 as a radar-receiver, according to some embodiments. Generally speaking, the UE 102 and network entity 104 perform CSI-RS ISAC based on two stage operations. The two stage operations include an ISAC configuration and channel quality determination 301 and an ISAC with radar sensing operation 303. The ISAC configuration and channel quality determination 301 may include procedures 302, 304, 306, 308, 310, and 312. The ISAC with radar sensing operation 303 may include procedures 314, 315, 316, 318, 320, 322, 323, 324, 326, 328, and 330. It is noted that one or more procedures in the ISAC configuration and channel quality 1143802460WO 14determination stage may be included in the ISAC with radar sensing operation stage and vice versa.

[0054] The ISAC configuration and channel quality determination 301 may begin with the UE 102 transmitting 302 to the network entity 104 (the network entity 104 receives from the UE 102) a UE CSI-RS-ISAC capability report that indicates capabilities supported by the UE 102 for the CSI-RS-ISAC operation. For example, the UE 102 transmits 302 to the network entity 104 a UE capability report (e.g., UECapabilitylnformation message) that indicates UE capabilities. The UE capability report includes at least one indication of: a supported bi-static radar sensing procedure for an ISAC procedure, a supported CSI report for the ISAC procedure, a supported reporting format associated with the ISAC procedure, or a supported CSI processing delay associated with the ISAC procedure. In some examples, the supported reporting format associated with the ISAC procedure may include delta signaling. In this situation, the delta signaling enables the UE 102 to feedback to the network entity 104 the difference between the CSI with ISAC and the CSI without ISAC.

[0055] The UE capability report may also include UE radar capabilities such as a radar waveform parameter indicating radar waveforms the UE 102 can detect; a minimum radar range resolution capability of the UE 102; a minimum radar Doppler resolution; a first minimum delay between reception of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) grant by the UE 102 and a first time that the UE 102 performs a radar reception; or a second minimum delay between the reception of the PDCCH grant and a second time that the UE 102 performs a radar measurement report transmission.

[0056] The UE radar capabilities might also include a third minimum time delay between the reception of the PDCCH grant and a third time that the UE 102 performs a radar transmission. For example, the third minimum time delay can be in a unit of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, slots, microseconds, etc. Referring to FIG.2A, the third minimum time delay allows the UE 102 to switch from acting as the radar- receiver to the radar-transmitter for the radar transmission. The UE 102 might decode an uplink (UL) PDCCH grant before transmitting the radar signal. The third minimum time delay allows the UE 102 to have enough time to decode the PDCCH grant. The third minimum time differs from the first minimum delay described above. 1143802460WO 15

[0057] The UE radar capabilities may also depend on a positioning capability by the UE 102. The positioning capability by the UE 102 might be determined by UE radar resolution capabilities. The UE radar resolution capabilities might include an angular resolution, a range resolution, or a Doppler resolution. The UE radar resolution capabilities might also include a detection range. To perform radar sensing accurately, the UE 102 may be configured with enhanced position resolution. For example, enhanced position resolution might have a higher resolution than a global positioning system (GPS) resolution. In some other examples, 5G or 6G network based positioning (e.g., observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA), angle of arrival, angle of departure, etc.) can configure the UE 102 with enhanced position resolution. The radar capability response message may include one or more positioning accuracy indications.

[0058] The UE radar capabilities may also depend on local operating condition of the UE 102. For example, the UE radar capabilities might be affected by a battery or a thermal condition of the UE 102. The radar capability response message may include a battery or a thermal condition indication.

[0059] In some other implementations, before the network entity 104 receives 302 UE CSI-RS-ISAC capability report, the network entity 104 may transmit to the UE 102, a CSI- RS-ISAC capability enquiry. For example, the UE 102 receives, from the network entity 104, the capability enquiry message (e.g., ueCapabilityEnquiry message) requesting a transfer of UE capabilities.

[0060] The network entity 104 determines 304 CSI-RS-ISAC configuration. For example, the network entity 104 determines the configuration message to configure reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS) for measurement information conditioned for at least one of: communication with the network entity 104 only, or communication with the network entity 104 and radar sensing at the UE 102.

[0061] To configure the UE 102 for the CSI-RS-ISAC procedure, the network entity 104 transmits 306, to the UE 102 (the UE 102 receives 306 from the network entity 104), a CSI- RS-ISAC configuration message determined in operation 304. For example, the network entity 104 transmits, to the UE 102, an RRC message (e.g., RRCReconfiguration message). The RRCReconfiguration message may include an information element to indicate CSI-RS 1143802460WO 16(e.g., CSI-RS resource for channel measurement and / or interference measurement) configured for a CSI report (e.g., CSI report configuration).

[0062] After the UE 102 receives 306, from the network entity 104, the CSI-RS-ISAC configuration message, the CSI-RS-ISAC configuration message configures the CSI report to indicate the measurement information conditioned for at least one of: communication with the network entity 104 only, or communication with the network entity 104 and radar sensing at the UE 102. For example, the CSI-RS-ISAC configuration message configures the UE 102 to report the measurement information to account for communication only and measurement information to account for communication with bi-static radar sensing at the same time.

[0063] The network entity 104 transmits 308, to the UE 102 (the UE 102 receives 308 from the network entity 104), CSI-RS associated with the CSI-RS-ISAC configuration. For example, the network entity 104 transmits 308, to the UE 102, CSI-RS configured based on the CSI-RS-ISAC configuration.

[0064] The UE 102 determines 310 CQI 1 with bi-static radar processing and CQI 2 without bi-static radar processing. For example, the UE 102 determines that the UE 102 is available to operate in a first ISAC operation mode based on the channel conditions measured from the CSI-RS (e.g., CQI 1). In other examples, the UE 102 determines that the UE is available to operate in a second ISAC operation mode based on the channel conditions measured from the CSI-RS (e.g., CQI 2). The UE 102 may determine the CQI 1 and CQI 2 based on the local signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) measurements. Accordingly, the UE 102 sends feedback (e.g., CQI 1 and CQI 2) to a network entity 104 so that the network entity 104 can decide on which radar sensing mode to operate in (e.g., bi-static radar sensing mode or mono-static radar sensing mode).

[0065] In some implementations, the value of CQI 1 may be lower than the value of CQI 2 because the UE 102 may perform different beamforming operations when the UE 102 is assisting the network entity 104 with radar processing. For example, the value of CQI 1 may be below a configured threshold, and the value of CQI 2 by be above the configured threshold. In some other implementations, the UE 102 may utilize a predefined beamforming codebook at the UE side with analog beamforming to perform radar processing. In still other implementations, the CQI 1 may have fewer bits than CQI 2. 1143802460WO 17

[0066] The network entity 104 receives 312, from the UE 102 (the UE 102 transmits 312 to the network entity 104), a report including CQI 1 and CQI 2. For example, the network entity 104, receives 312, from the UE 102 a CSI report including measurement information (e.g., CQI 1 and CQI 2) associated with the CSI-RS. The measurement information CQI 1 indicates an availability of the UE 102 to operate in a first ISAC operation mode and the measurement information CQI 2 indicates the availability of the UE 102 to operate in a second ISAC operation mode. The measurement information also includes at least one of a time error information or a frequency error information associated with a tracking reference signal (TRS). The UE 102 uses the TRS to track and compensate for the time and frequency deviations when the UE 102 receives a downlink transmission. The UE 102 tracks the time or frequency deviations by measuring CSI-RS configured for the TRS. The network entity 104 may determine, based on the time error information or a frequency error information if the UE 102 is a suitable candidate to assist the network entity 104 to perform a bi-static radar sensing.

[0067] In some implementations, the network entity transmits an indication to the UE 102 requesting the UE to update the measurement information CQI 1 and CQI 2. In response, the UE 102 retransmits, to the network entity 104, the report including an updated CQI 1 and CQI 2.

[0068] The network entity 104, determines 314, based on the report, whether to perform ISAC with bi-static processing. For example, the network entity 104 determines 314, based on the measurement information CQI 1 and CQI 2, to perform ISAC with bi-static radar processing or ISAC without bi-static radar processing, respectively.

[0069] If the network entity 104 determines 314 (YES branch) to perform ISAC with bi- static processing 315, the network entity 104 transmits 316, to the UE 102 (the UE receives 316 from the network entity 104), PDCCH including a DL grant for communication and radar signals (e.g., ISAC signal), and UL grant for sending radar sensing measurements. For example, the network entity 104 transmits 316, to the UE 102, a first PDCCH transmission scheduling at least one of: a first ISAC resource for the bi-static radar sensing, or a resource for transmission of a radar report between the UE 102 and the network entity 104. In some implementations, the DL grant and UL grant may be sent in separate PDCCH transmissions. 1143802460WO 18

[0070] In some implementations, if the network entity 104 determines to perform the bi- static radar sensing with the UE 102, the network entity 104 responds to the UE 102 with a positive acknowledgement. In some other implementations, if the network entity 104 determines not to perform the bi-static radar sensing with the UE 102, the network entity 104 responds to the UE 102 with a negative acknowledgement. For example, if the network entity 104 is not available to perform the bi-static radar sensing with the UE 102 after the network entity 104 receives the report from the UE 102, the network entity 104 responds to the UE 102 with a negative acknowledgement.

[0071] The network entity 104, transmits 318, to the UE 102 (the UE 102 receives 318 from the network entity 104), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) based on the CQI 1. For example, the network entity 104, transmits 318, to the UE 102 the PDSCH via the first ISAC resource. Here, the PDSCH transmission is for communication and radar sensing.

[0072] The UE 102 performs 320 communication and radar sensing. For example, the UE 102 performs bi-static radar sensing as described in connection with FIG.2A. For communication, the UE 102 decodes the PDSCH transmission to receive the downlink information from the network entity 104. For radar sensing, the UE 102 receives the reflection of the PDSCH transmission reflected from the object 176. The UE 102 performs radar processing on the reflection of the PDSCH transmission to determine object detection information which includes information about the object 176. The UE 102 reports object detection information to the network entity 104 which will be described in the next operation 322.

[0073] The network entity 104 receives 322, from the UE 102 (the UE 102 transmits 322 to the network entity 104), the report including radar sensing information. For example, the network entity 104 receives 322, from the UE 102, the report including radar sensing information. In some implementations, the radar sensing information includes range information, doppler information, or angular information of an object. After receiving the report, the network entity 104 determines a location of the object based on the radar sensing information.

[0074] If the network entity 104 determines 314 (‘NO’ branch) not to perform ISAC with bi-static processing, the network entity 104 will perform ISAC without having the UE assist 1143802460WO 19with radar sensing. In other words, the network entity 104 will perform mono-static radar sensing 324.

[0075] The network entity 104 transmits 326, to the UE 102 (the UE 102 receives 326 from the network entity 104), PDCCH including a DL grant for communication. For example, the network entity 104 transmits a PDCCH scheduling resources for a PDSCH transmission.

[0076] The network entity 104 transmits 328, to the UE 102, (the UE 102 receives 326 from the network entity 104), a PDSCH based on the CQI 2. For example, the network entity 104 transmits 328, to the UE 102, the PDSCH transmission via the second ISAC resource. Here, the PDSCH transmission is used for communication only by the UE 102, and is used for radar sensing by the network entity.

[0077] The network entity 104 performs 329 mono-static radar sensing. Here, the network entity 104 may use the PDSCH transmission for mono-static radar sensing. For example, the network entity 104 performs 329 mono-static radar sensing as described above in connection with FIG.2B.

[0078] The UE 102 performs 330 communication only. For example, the UE 102 performs 330 a communication (e.g., PDSCH transmission) with the network entity 104 and refrains from performing radar sensing with the network entity 104.

[0079] FIG.3 illustrates procedures for CSI-RS-ISAC according to an embodiment. FIGs. 4A-5C show methods for implementing one or more aspects of FIG.3. In particular, FIGs. 4A-4C show implementations by a UE 102 of the one or more aspects of FIG.3. FIGs.5A- 5C show implementations by a network entity 104 of the one or more aspects of FIG.3.

[0080] FIG.4A is a flow diagram depicting an example method, implemented at UE 102, of performing CSI-RS-ISAC. With reference to FIGs.1-3 and 6, the method may be performed by the UE 102, the UE apparatus 602, etc., which may include the memory 626', 606', 616, and which may correspond to the entire UE 102 or the entire UE apparatus 602, or a component of the UE 102 or the UE apparatus 602, such as the wireless baseband processor 626 and / or the application processor 606.

[0081] The UE 102 may transmit 402, to a network entity 104, a UE capability report indicating at least one of: a supported bi-static radar sensing procedure for an ISAC 1143802460WO 20procedure, a supported CSI report for the ISAC procedure, a supported reporting format associated with the ISAC procedure, or a supported CSI processing delay associated with the ISAC procedure. For example, referring to FIG.3, the UE 102 transmits 302, to the network entity 104, a UE CSI-RS-ISAC capability report that indicates capabilities supported by the UE 102 for the CSI-RS-ISAC operation.

[0082] The UE 102 receives 406, from the network entity 104, an ISAC configuration indicating a CSI-RS configured for a CSI report. For example, referring to FIG.3, the UE 102 receives 306 from the network entity 104, a CSI-RS-ISAC configuration message.

[0083] The UE 102 receives 408, from the network entity, the CSI-RS based on the ISAC configuration. For example, referring to FIG.3, the UE 102 receives 308, from the network entity 104, CSI-RS associated with the CSI-RS-ISAC configuration.

[0084] The UE 102 transmits 412, to the network entity, the CSI report including measurement information associated with the CSI-RS, the measurement information indicating an availability of the UE to operate in at least one of a first ISAC operation mode or a second ISAC operation mode different from the first ISAC operation mode. For example, referring to FIG.3, the UE 102 transmits 312, to the network entity 104, a report including measurement information indicating channel conditions suitable for communication only (e.g., CQI 1) and channel conditions suitable for communication and radar sensing (e.g., CQI 2). Accordingly, the measurement information CQI 1 indicates an availability of the UE 102 to operate in a first ISAC operation mode and the measurement information CQI 2 indicates the availability of the UE 102 to operate in a second ISAC operation mode.

[0085] Now referring to FIG.4B, if the UE 102 indicates CQI 1 in the CSI report, the network entity 104 may schedule the UE 102 to perform 415 the first ISAC operation mode (e.g., ISAC with bi-static radar sensing).

[0086] The UE 102 may receive 416, from the network entity 104, a PDCCH transmission scheduling at least one of: a first ISAC resource for the bi-static radar sensing, or a resource for transmission of a radar report between the UE and the network entity. For example, referring to FIG.3, the UE 102 receives 416, from the network entity 104, PDCCH including a DL grant for communication and radar signals, and UL grant to send radar sensing measurements. 1143802460WO 21

[0087] The UE 102 may receive 418, from the network entity, a first PDSCH transmission via the first ISAC resource. For example, referring to FIG.3, the UE 102, receives 318, network entity 104, a PDSCH based on the CQI 1.

[0088] The UE 102 may measure 420 radar sensing information using the first PDSCH transmission. For example, referring to FIG.3, the UE 102 performs 320 communication and radar sensing.

[0089] The UE 102 may transmit 422, to the network entity, a radar report including radar sensing information associated with the first PDSCH transmission. For example, referring to FIG.3, the UE 102, transmits 322, to the network entity 104, the report including radar sensing information.

[0090] Now turning to FIG.4C, if the UE 102 indicates CQI 2 in the CSI report, the UE 102 may perform 423 a second ISAC operation mode.

[0091] The UE 102 may receive 426 from the network entity, a second PDCCH, transmission scheduling a second ISAC resource. For example, referring to FIG.3, the UE 102 receives 326, from the network entity 104, PDCCH including a DL grant for communication.

[0092] The UE 102 may receive 428, from the network entity, a second PDSCH via the second ISAC resource. For example, referring to FIG.3, the UE 102 receives 328, from network entity 104, a PDSCH based on the CQI 2.

[0093] The UE 102 may refrain 430 from performing radar sensing using the second PDSCH. For example, referring to FIG.3, the UE 102 performs 330 communication only via the second PDSCH.

[0094] FIGs.4A-4C describe a method from a UE-side of a wireless communication link, whereas FIGs.5A-5C describe a method from a network-side of the wireless communication link.

[0095] FIGs.5A-5C are flowcharts 500, 515, 523 of a method of wireless communication at a network entity. With reference to FIGs.1-3 and 7, the method may be performed by one or more network entities 104, which may correspond to a base station or a unit of the base station, such as the RU 106, the DU 108, the CU 110, an RU processor 706, a DU processor 726, a CU processor 746, etc. The one or more network entities 104 may include memory 1143802460WO 22706’ / 726’ / 746’, which may correspond to an entirety of the one or more network entities 104, or a component of the one or more network entities 104, such as the RU processor 706, the DU processor 726, or the CU processor 746.

[0096] The network entity 104 may receive 502, from a UE 102, a UE capability report indicating at least one of: a supported bi-static radar sensing procedure for an ISAC procedure, a supported CSI report for the ISAC procedure, a supported reporting format associated with the ISAC procedure, or a supported CSI processing delay associated with the ISAC procedure. For example, referring to FIG.3, the network entity 104, receives from the UE 102, a UE CSI-RS-ISAC capability report that indicates capabilities supported by the UE 102 for the CSI-RS-ISAC operation.

[0097] The network entity 104 transmits 506, to the UE, an ISAC configuration indicating a CSI-RS configured for a CSI report. For example, referring to FIG.3, the network entity 104 transmits 306, to the UE 102, a CSI-RS-ISAC configuration message.

[0098] The network entity 104 transmits 508, to the UE, the CSI-RS based on the ISAC configuration. For example, referring to FIG.3, the network entity 104 transmits 308, to the UE 102, CSI-RS associated with the CSI-RS-ISAC configuration.

[0099] The network entity 104 receives 512, from the UE, the CSI report including measurement information associated with the CSI-RS, the measurement information indicating an availability of the UE (102) to operate in at least one of a first ISAC operation mode or a second ISAC operation mode different from the first ISAC operation mode. For example, referring to FIG.3, the network entity 104, receives 312, from the UE 102, a report including measurement information indicating channel conditions suitable for communication only (e.g., CQI 1) and channel conditions suitable for communication and radar sensing (e.g., CQI 2).

[0100] The network entity 104 may determine 514, based on the measurement information, whether to perform with the UE at least one of the first ISAC operation mode or the second ISAC operation mode. For example, referring to FIG.3, the network entity 104, determines 314, based on the report, whether to perform ISAC with bi-static processing.

[0101] If the network entity 104 determines 515 to perform ISAC with bi-static radar sensing processing, the network entity 104 may schedule the UE 102 to perform 515 the first ISAC operation mode (e.g., ISAC with bi-static radar sensing). 1143802460WO 23

[0102] Now referring to FIG.5B, the network entity 104 may transmit 516, to the UE, a PDCCH transmission scheduling at least one of: a first ISAC resource for the bi-static radar sensing, or a resource for transmission of a radar report between the UE and the network entity. For example, referring to FIG.3, the UE 102 receives 516, from the network entity 104, PDCCH including a DL grant for communication and radar signals, and UL grant to send radar sensing measurements.

[0103] The network entity 104 may transmit 518, to the UE, a first PDSCH transmission via the first ISAC resource. For example, referring to FIG.3, the network entity 104, transmits 318, to the UE 102 a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) based on the CQI 1.

[0104] The network entity 104 may receive 522, from the UE, the radar report including radar sensing information associated with the first PDSCH transmission. For example, referring to FIG.3, the network entity 104 receives 322, from the UE 102, the report including radar sensing information.

[0105] Now referring to FIG.5C, if the network entity 104 determines 523 to perform ISAC with mono-static radar sensing, the network entity 104 may schedule the UE 102 to perform 523 a second ISAC operation mode (e.g., ISAC with mono-static radar sensing).

[0106] In the second ISAC operation mode, the network entity 104 may transmit 526, to the UE, a second PDCCH transmission scheduling a second ISAC resource. For example, referring to FIG.3, the network entity 104, transmits 326, PDCCH including a DL grant for communication.

[0107] The network entity 104 may transmit 528, to the UE, a second PDSCH via the second ISAC resource. For example, referring to FIG.3, the network entity 104 transmits 328, to the UE 102, a PDSCH based on the CQI 2.

[0108] The network entity 104 performs 529 mono-static radar sensing using the second PDSCH. For example, referring to FIG.3, the network entity 104 performs 329 mono-static radar sensing.

[0109] A UE apparatus 602, as described in FIG.6, may perform the method of flowchart 400, 415, and 423. The one or more network entities 104, as described in FIG.7, may perform the method of flowchart 500, 515, and 523. 1143802460WO 24

[0110] FIG.6 is a diagram 600 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a UE apparatus 602. The UE apparatus 602 may be the UE 102, a component of the UE 102, or may implement UE functionality. The UE apparatus 602 may include an application processor 606, which may have on-chip memory 606’. In examples, the application processor 606 may be coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 608 and / or a display 610. The application processor 606 may also be coupled to a sensor(s) module 612, a power supply 614, an additional module of memory 616, a camera 618, and / or other related components. For example, the sensor(s) module 612 may control a barometric pressure sensor / altimeter, a motion sensor such as an inertial management unit (IMU), a gyroscope, accelerometer(s), a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) device, a radio-assisted detection and ranging (RADAR) device, a sound navigation and ranging (SONAR) device, a magnetometer, an audio device, and / or other technologies used for positioning.

[0111] The UE apparatus 602 may further include a wireless baseband processor 626, which may be referred to as a modem. The wireless baseband processor 626 may have on- chip memory 626'. Along with, and similar to, the application processor 606, the wireless baseband processor 626 may also be coupled to the sensor(s) module 612, the power supply 614, the additional module of memory 616, the camera 618, and / or other related components. The wireless baseband processor 626 may be additionally coupled to one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) card(s) 620 and / or one or more transceivers 630 (e.g., wireless RF transceivers).

[0112] Within the one or more transceivers 630, the UE apparatus 602 may include a Bluetooth module 632, a WLAN module 634, an SPS module 636 (e.g., GNSS module), and / or a cellular module 638. The Bluetooth module 632, the WLAN module 634, the SPS module 636, and the cellular module 638 may each include an on-chip transceiver (TRX), or in some cases, just a transmitter (TX) or just a receiver (RX). The Bluetooth module 632, the WLAN module 634, the SPS module 636, and the cellular module 638 may each include dedicated antennas and / or utilize antennas 640 for communication with one or more other nodes. For example, the UE apparatus 602 can communicate through the transceiver(s) 630 via the antennas 640 with another UE (e.g., sidelink communication) and / or with a network entity 104 (e.g., uplink / downlink communication), where the network entity 104 may correspond to a base station or a unit of the base station, such as the RU 106, the DU 108, or the CU 110. 1143802460WO 25

[0113] The wireless baseband processor 626 and the application processor 606 may each include a computer-readable medium / memory 626', 606', respectively. The additional module of memory 616 may also be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 626', 606', 616 may be non-transitory. The wireless baseband processor 626 and the application processor 606 may each be responsible for general processing, including execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory 626', 606', 616. The software, when executed by the wireless baseband processor 626 / application processor 606, causes the wireless baseband processor 626 / application processor 606 to perform the various functions described herein. The computer- readable medium / memory may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the wireless baseband processor 626 / application processor 606 when executing the software. The wireless baseband processor 626 / application processor 606 may be a component of the UE 102. The UE apparatus 602 may be a processor chip (e.g., modem and / or application) and include just the wireless baseband processor 626 and / or the application processor 606. In other examples, the UE apparatus 602 may be the entire UE 102 and include the additional modules of the apparatus 602.

[0114] As discussed in FIG.1 and implemented with respect to FIGs.4A-4C, the UE CSI- ISAC component 140 is configured to receive, from a network entity, an ISAC configuration indicating a CSI-RS configured for a CSI report; receive, from the network entity, the CSI- RS based on the ISAC configuration; and transmit, to the network entity, the CSI report including measurement information associated with the CSI-RS, the measurement information indicating an availability of the UE to operate in at least one of a first ISAC operation mode or a second ISAC operation mode different from the first JCAS operation mode.

[0115] The UE CSI-ISAC component 140 may be within the application processor 606 (e.g., at 140a), the wireless baseband processor 626 (e.g., at 140b), or both the application processor 606 and the wireless baseband processor 626. The UE CSI-ISAC component 140a- 140b may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by the one or more processors, or a combination thereof. 1143802460WO 26

[0116] FIG.7 is a diagram 700 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for one or more network entities 104. The one or more network entities 104 may be a base station, a component of a base station, or may implement base station functionality. The one or more network entities 104 may include, or may correspond to, at least one of the RU 106, the DU, 108, or the CU 110. The CU 110 may include a CU processor 746, which may have on-chip memory 746'. In some aspects, the CU 110 may further include an additional module of memory 756 and / or a communications interface 748, both of which may be coupled to the CU processor 746. The CU 110 can communicate with the DU 108 through a midhaul link 162, such as an F1 interface between the communications interface 748 of the CU 110 and a communications interface 728 of the DU 108.

[0117] The DU 108 may include a DU processor 726, which may have on-chip memory 726'. In some aspects, the DU 108 may further include an additional module of memory 736 and / or the communications interface 728, both of which may be coupled to the DU processor 726. The DU 108 can communicate with the RU 106 through a fronthaul link 160 between the communications interface 728 of the DU 108 and a communications interface 708 of the RU 106.

[0118] The RU 106 may include an RU processor 706, which may have on-chip memory 706'. In some aspects, the RU 106 may further include an additional module of memory 716, the communications interface 708, and one or more transceivers 730, all of which may be coupled to the RU processor 706. The RU 106 may further include antennas 740, which may be coupled to the one or more transceivers 730, such that the RU 106 can communicate through the one or more transceivers 730 via the antennas 740 with the UE 102.

[0119] The on-chip memory 706', 726', 746' and the additional modules of memory 716, 736, 756 may each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer- readable medium / memory may be non-transitory. Each of the processors 706, 726, 746 is responsible for general processing, including execution of software stored on the computer- readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor(s) 706, 726, 746 causes the processor(s) 706, 726, 746 to perform the various functions described herein. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the processor(s) 706, 726, 746 when executing the software. In examples, the BS CSI-ISAC component 150 may sit at any of the one or more network 1143802460WO 27entities 104, such as at the CU 110; both the CU 110 and the DU 108; each of the CU 110, the DU 108, and the RU 106; the DU 108; both the DU 108 and the RU 106; or the RU 106.

[0120] As discussed in FIG.1 and implemented with respect to FIGs.5A-5C, the BS CSI- ISAC component 150 is configured to transmit, to a UE, an ISAC configuration indicating a CSI-RS configured for a CSI report; transmit, to the UE, the CSI-RS based on the ISAC configuration; and receive, from the UE, the CSI report including measurement information associated with the CSI-RS, the measurement information indicating an availability of the UE to operate in at least one of a first ISAC operation mode or a second ISAC operation mode different from the first ISAC operation mode.

[0121] The BS CSI-ISAC component 150 may be within one or more processors of the one or more network entities 104, such as the RU processor 706 (e.g., at 150a), the DU processor 726 (e.g., at 150b), and / or the CU processor 746 (e.g., at 150c). The BS CSI-ISAC component 150a-150c may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors 706, 726, 746 configured to perform the stated processes / algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by the one or more processors 706, 726, 746, or a combination thereof.

[0122] The specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes and flowcharts disclosed herein is an illustration of example approaches. Hence, the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes and flowcharts may be rearranged. Some blocks may also be combined or deleted. Dashed lines may indicate optional elements of the diagrams. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in an example order, and are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented in the claims, processes, and flowcharts.

[0123] The detailed description set forth herein describes various configurations in connection with the drawings and does not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough explanation of various concepts. However, these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts. 1143802460WO 28

[0124] Aspects of wireless communication systems, such as telecommunication systems, are presented with reference to various apparatuses and methods. These apparatuses and methods are described in the following detailed description and are illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, call flows, systems, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0125] An element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems-on-chip (SoC), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other similar hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system may execute software, which may be referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.

[0126] If the functionality described herein is implemented in software, the functions may be stored on, or encoded as, one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium, such as a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media and can include a random-access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. 1143802460WO 29

[0127] Aspects, implementations, and / or use cases described herein may be implemented across many differing platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging arrangements. For example, the aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may come about via integrated chip implementations and other non-module-component based devices, such as end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled devices, machine learning (ML)-enabled devices, etc. The aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular or non-chip-level implementations, and further to aggregate, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more techniques described herein.

[0128] Devices incorporating the aspects and features described herein may also include additional components and features for the implementation and practice of the claimed and described aspects and features. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily includes a number of components for analog and digital purposes, such as hardware components, antennas, RF-chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processor(s), interleavers, adders / summers, etc. Techniques described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc., of varying configurations.

[0129] The description herein is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein, but are to be interpreted in view of the full scope of the present disclosure consistent with the language of the claims.

[0130] Reference to an element in the singular does not mean “one and only one” unless specifically stated, but rather “one or more.” Terms such as “if,” “when,” and “while” do not imply an immediate temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, e.g., “when,” do not imply an immediate action in response to or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if a condition is met then an action will occur, but without requiring a specific or immediate time constraint for the action to occur. The terms “may”, “might”, and 1143802460WO 30“can”, as used in this disclosure, often carry certain connotations. For example, “may” refers to a permissible feature that may or may not occur, “might” refers to a feature that probably occurs, and “can” refers to a capability (e.g., capable of). The phrase “For example” often carries a similar connotation to “may” and, therefore, “may” is sometimes excluded from sentences that include “for example” or other similar phrases.

[0131] Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C” or “one or more of A, B, or C” include any combination of A, B, and / or C, such as A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, and / or multiples of C, or may include A only, B only, or C only. Sets should be interpreted as a set of elements where the elements number one or more.

[0132] Unless otherwise specifically indicated, ordinal terms such as “first” and “second” do not necessarily imply an order in time, sequence, numerical value, etc., but are used to distinguish between different instances of a term or phrase that follows each ordinal term. Reference numbers, as used in the specification and figures, are sometimes cross-referenced among drawings to denote same or similar features. A feature that is exactly the same in multiple drawings may be labeled with the same reference number in the multiple drawings. A feature that is similar among the multiple drawings, but not exactly the same, may be labeled with reference numbers that have different leading numbers, but have one or more of the same trailing numbers (e.g., 206, 306, 406, etc., may refer to similar features in the drawings). Sometimes an “X” is used to universally denote multiple variations of a feature. For instance, “X06” can universally refer to all reference numbers that end in “06” (e.g., 206, 306, 406, etc.).

[0133] Structural and functional equivalents to elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are encompassed by the claims. The words “module,” “mechanism,” “element,” “device,” and the like may not be a substitute for the word “means.” As such, no claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for.” As used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, or the like. In other words, the phrase “based on A”, 1143802460WO 31where “A” may be information, a condition, a factor, or the like, shall be construed as “based at least on A” unless specifically recited differently.

[0134] The following examples are illustrative only and may be combined with other examples or teachings described herein, without limitation.

[0135] Example 1 is a method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) including receiving from a network entity an ISAC configuration indicating a CSI-RS configured for a CSI report; receiving from the network entity the CSI-RS based on the ISAC configuration; and transmitting to the network entity the CSI report including measurement information associated with the CSI-RS, the measurement information indicating an availability of the UE to operate in at least one of a first ISAC operation mode or a second ISAC operation mode different from the first ISAC operation mode.

[0136] Example 2 may be combined with example 1 and further includes that the first ISAC operation mode includes bi-static radar sensing, and the second ISAC operation mode includes mono-static radar sensing.

[0137] Example 3 may be combined with any examples 1- 2 and further includes transmitting to the network entity a UE capability report indicating at least one of: a supported bi-static radar sensing procedure for an ISAC procedure, a supported CSI report for the ISAC procedure, a supported reporting format associated with the ISAC procedure, or a supported CSI processing delay associated with the ISAC procedure.

[0138] Example 4 may be combined with any examples 1- 3 and further includes measuring bi-static radar sensing information using the CSI-RS; and reporting the bi-static radar sensing information in the CSI report.

[0139] Example 5 may be combined with any examples 1- 4 and further includes the ISAC configuration configures the CSI report to indicate the measurement information for at least one of: communication with the network entity only, or communication with the network entity and radar sensing at the UE.

[0140] Example 6 may be combined with any examples 1-5 and further includes the measurement information indicates first (CQI) for the first ISAC operation mode, further including receiving from the network entity a first (PDCCH) transmission scheduling at least 1143802460WO 32one of: a first ISAC resource for the bi-static radar sensing, or a resource for transmission of a radar report between the UE and the network entity.

[0141] Example 7 may be combined with example 6 and further includes that the first CQI is measured based on communication and bi-static radar processing at the UE.

[0142] Example 8 may be combined with any examples 6-7 and further includes receiving from the network entity a first (PDSCH) transmission via the first ISAC resource; and measuring radar sensing information using the first PDSCH transmission.

[0143] Example 9 may be combined with any examples 6-8, and further includes transmitting to the network entity the radar report including the radar sensing information associated with the first PDSCH transmission.

[0144] Example 10 may be combined with any examples 8-9, and further includes that the radar sensing information includes at least one of a range information, doppler information, or angular information of an object.

[0145] Example 11 may be combined with examples 1-5, and further includes that the measurement information indicates second (CQI) for the second ISAC operation mode, and further includes receiving from the network entity a second (PDCCH) transmission scheduling a second ISAC resource.

[0146] Example 12 may be combined with example 11, and further includes that the second CQI is measured based on communication without bi-static radar processing at the UE.

[0147] Example 13 may be combined with examples 11-12, and further includes receiving from the network entity a second (PDSCH) via the second ISAC resource; and refraining from performing radar sensing using the second PDSCH.

[0148] Example 14 may be combined with examples 11-13, and further includes that the measurement information includes at least one of a time error information or a frequency error information associated with a (TRS).

[0149] Example 15 is a method of wireless communication at a network entity, including transmitting to a UE an ISAC configuration indicating a CSI-RS configured for a CSI report; transmitting to the UE the CSI-RS based on the ISAC configuration; and receiving from the UE the CSI report including measurement information associated with the CSI-RS, the 1143802460WO 33measurement information indicating an availability of the UE to operate in at least one of a first ISAC operation mode or a second ISAC operation mode different from the first ISAC operation mode.

[0150] Example 16 may be combined with example 15 and further includes that the first ISAC operation mode includes bi-static radar sensing, and the second ISAC operation mode includes mono-static radar sensing.

[0151] Example 17 may be combined with any examples 15-16, and further includes receiving from the UE a UE capability report indicating at least one of: a supported bi-static radar sensing procedure for an ISAC procedure, a supported CSI report for the ISAC procedure, a supported reporting format associated with the ISAC procedure, or a supported CSI processing delay associated with the ISAC procedure.

[0152] Example 18 may be combined with any examples 15-17, and further includes that the ISAC configuration configures the CSI report to indicate the measurement information for at least one of: communication with the network entity only, or communication with the network entity and radar sensing at the UE.

[0153] Example 19 may be combined with any examples 15-18, and further includes that the measurement information indicates first CQI for the first ISAC operation mode, and further includes transmitting to the UE a PDCCH transmission scheduling at least one of: a first ISAC resource for the bi-static radar sensing, or a resource for transmission of a radar report between the UE and the network entity.

[0154] Example 20 may be combined with example 19, and further includes that the first CQI is measured based on communication and bi-static radar processing at the UE.

[0155] Example 21 may be combined with any examples 19-20, and further includes transmitting to the UE a first PDSCH transmission via the first ISAC resource.

[0156] Example 22 may be combined with any examples 19-21, and further includes receiving, from the UE the radar report including radar sensing information associated with the first PDSCH transmission.

[0157] Example 23 may be combined with any examples 19-22, and further includes that the radar sensing information includes at least one of a range information, doppler information, or angular information of an object. 1143802460WO 34

[0158] Example 24 may be combined with any examples 15-18, and further includes that the measurement information indicates second CQI for the second ISAC operation mode, and further includes transmitting to the UE a second PDCCH transmission scheduling a second ISAC resource.

[0159] Example 25 may be combined with example 24, and further includes that the second CQI is measured based on communication without bi-static radar processing at the UE.

[0160] Example 26 may be combined with any examples 24-25, and further includes transmitting to the UE second PDSCH via the second ISAC resource; and performing the mono-static radar sensing using the second PDSCH.

[0161] Example 27 may be combined with any examples 15-26, and further includes determining based on the measurement information, whether to perform with the UE at least one of the first ISAC operation mode or the second ISAC operation mode.

[0162] Example 28 may be combined with any examples 15-27, and further includes transmitting, to the UE, a TRS wherein the measurement information includes at least one of a time error information or a frequency error information associated with the TRS.

[0163] Example 29 is an apparatus for wireless communication for implementing a method as in any of examples 1-28.

[0164] Example 30 is an apparatus for wireless communication including means for implementing a method as in any of examples 1-28.

[0165] Example 31 is a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer executable code, the code when executed by a processor causes the processor to implement a method as in any of examples 1-28.

[0166] Example 32 is a computer program product for implementing a method as in any of Examples 1-28. 1143802460WO 35

Claims

CLAIMS WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A method of wireless communication at a user equipment, UE, (102), comprising: receiving (306), from a network entity (104), an integrated sensing and communication ISAC, configuration indicating a channel state information-reference signal, CSI-RS, configured for a channel state information, CSI, report; receiving (308), from the network entity (104), the CSI-RS based on the ISAC configuration; and transmitting (312), to the network entity (104), the CSI report including measurement information associated with the CSI-RS, the measurement information indicating an availability of the UE (102) to operate in at least one of a first ISAC operation mode or a second ISAC operation mode different from the first ISAC operation mode.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first ISAC operation mode includes bi-static radar sensing and the second ISAC operation mode includes mono-static radar sensing.

3. The method of any of claims 1-2, further comprising: transmitting (302), to the network entity (104), a UE capability report indicating at least one of: a supported bi-static radar sensing procedure for an ISAC procedure, a supported CSI report for the ISAC procedure, a supported reporting format associated with the ISAC procedure, or a supported CSI processing delay associated with the ISAC procedure.

4. The method of any of claims 1-3, further comprising: measuring bi-static radar sensing information using the CSI-RS; and reporting the bi-static radar sensing information in the CSI report.

5. The method of any of claims 1-4, wherein the ISAC configuration configures the CSI report to indicate the measurement information for at least one of: communication with the network entity only, or 1143802460WO 36communication with the network entity and radar sensing at the UE (102).

6. The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein the measurement information indicates first channel quality indicator, CQI, for the first ISAC operation mode, the method further comprising: receiving (316), from the network entity (104), a first physical downlink control channel, PDCCH, transmission scheduling at least one of: a first ISAC resource for the bi-static radar sensing, or a resource for transmission of a radar report between the UE (102) and the network entity (104).

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising: receiving (318), from the network entity (104), a first physical downlink shared channel, PDSCH transmission via the first ISAC resource; and measuring (320) radar sensing information using the first PDSCH transmission.

8. The method of any of claims 6-7, further comprising: transmitting (322), to the network entity (104), the radar report including the radar sensing information associated with the first PDSCH transmission.

9. The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein the measurement information indicates second channel quality indicator, CQI, for the second ISAC operation mode, the method further comprising: receiving (326), from the network entity (104), a second physical downlink control channel, PDCCH, transmission scheduling a second ISAC resource.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the second CQI is measured based on communication without bi-static radar processing at the UE (102).

11. The method of any of claims 9-10, further comprising: receiving (328), from the network entity (104), a second physical downlink shared channel, PDSCH via the second ISAC resource; and 1143802460WO 37refraining (330) from performing radar sensing using the second PDSCH.

12. The method of any of claims 9-11, wherein the measurement information includes at least one of a time error information or a frequency error information associated with a tracking reference signal, TRS.

13. A method of wireless communication at a network entity, (104), comprising: transmitting (306), to a user equipment, UE (102), an integrated sensing and communication, ISAC, configuration indicating a channel state information-reference signal, CSI-RS, configured for a channel state information, CSI, report; transmitting (308), to the UE (102), the CSI-RS based on the ISAC configuration; and receiving (312), from the UE (102), the CSI report including measurement information associated with the CSI-RS, the measurement information indicating an availability of the UE (102) to operate in at least one of a first ISAC operation mode or a second ISAC operation mode different from the first ISAC operation mode.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first ISAC operation mode includes bi-static radar sensing and the second ISAC operation mode includes mono-static radar sensing.

15. The method of any of claims 13-14, further comprising: determining (314), based on the measurement information, whether to perform with the UE (102) at least one of the first ISAC operation mode or the second ISAC operation mode.

16. An apparatus for wireless communication comprising a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to implement a method as in any of claims 1- 15. 1143802460WO 38

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