Apparatuses, devices, nodes, and methods for facilitating operation in a low power mode
By transmitting reflection parameters for sensing signal manipulation, the method facilitates high-accuracy sensing and communication in low power mode, addressing signal interference and reducing power consumption in future wireless networks.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/089108
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-30
AI Technical Summary
Challenges exist in obtaining device information from network nodes operating in extreme low power mode without active transmission and reception, as signals are often swamped by passive objects, hindering energy-efficient communication and sensing in future wireless networks.
A method involving transmitting reflection parameters to a reflecting node for sensing signal manipulation, allowing estimation of sensing parameters like AoA, time delay, and radial Doppler, using LFM or FMCW signals, enabling communication and sensing operations without transitioning to a connected state.
Enables high-accuracy sensing and communication operations in low power mode, reducing power consumption and signaling overhead, allowing devices to stay in low power mode longer and maintain functionality.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024089108_30102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
APPARATUSES, DEVICES, NODES, AND METHODS FOR FACILITATING OPERATION IN A LOW POWER MODETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, and in particular to apparatuses, devices, nodes, methods and systems for facilitating operation in a low power mode.BACKGROUND
[0002] Sustainability is one of key elements being considered in development of future wireless networks (e.g., Sixth Generation (6G) network) . In future wireless networks, it is desired to further improve the overall energy efficiency of various network devices (e.g., terminals) and infrastructures (e.g., reducing energy consumption by as much as 100 times) . Such improvement may be enabled by reformulating the current architecture of the network system, developing energy management solutions that reduce energy consumption, and introducing energy-efficient functions and operation modes. One example implementation of the energy management solutions may involve developing sensing techniques, communication methods, and / or network systems that require less energy or that use green energy, i.e. energy that has been generated using green technologies for operation. One example implementation of the energy-efficient functions and operation modes may involve introducing different operating-power states and / or modes to majority of the apparatuses and / or devices (e.g., network nodes and terminal devices) operating in the network.
[0003] As noted above, one way of improving energy efficiency in the future networks may involve introducing energy-efficient operation modes, for example an extreme low power mode, which is a state in which a device or a node functions using only passive components or components that consume very low power. The devices in extreme low power mode may manipulate signals with limited processing power, for example using only passive components or components that consume very low power.
[0004] In the future networks, it may be desired that a device (e.g., user equipment (UE) ) is able to carry out functions (e.g., communication and / or sensing tasks) that are currently performed only in the connected state (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) connected state) , while the device is staying in the extreme low power mode without transitioning to the connected state (e.g., without waking the device up) . To enable such functionality, the network may need to obtain information about the devices while those devices are in the extreme low power mode. The device information to be obtained by the network may include, but is not limited to, positions of the devices, channel subspaces of the devices for beamforming, and / or movement (e.g., direction and speed) of the devices. However, without the device’s active transmission and / or reception, which may require energy consumption more than what is allowed in the extreme low power mode, it may be challenging to obtain such device information. The challenge may be largely related to that the signals reflected from a device (e.g., UE) may be swamped or interrupted by large passive objects in the network.
[0005] Therefore, there is a need for new apparatuses, devices, nodes, methods and systems for facilitating operation in a low power mode in various communication networks (e.g., integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) network, 6G network) .SUMMARY
[0006] Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatuses, devices, nodes, methods, and systems to overcome the shortcomings described above, as well as specific apparatuses, devices, nodes, methods, and systems for facilitating operation in a low power mode in a communication network, such as integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) network, Sixth Generation (6G) network. The operation in a low power mode may, for example, include communications and sensing operations of apparatuses and devices in the low power mode.
[0007] According to an aspect of the disclosure there is provided a method for use at a sensing configuration node involving transmitting, to a reflecting node, one or more reflection parameters to be used for reflecting, at the reflecting node, a sensing signal transmitted from a first node, wherein the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node is used for estimating one or more sensing parameters associated with the reflecting node. The method may further include transmitting, to a second node receiving the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node, configuration information including at least one of: the one or more reflection parameters, or one or more parameters defining the sensing signal.
[0008] In some implementations, the method further includes receiving, from the second node, information indicating estimated values of the one or more sensing parameters.
[0009] In some implementations, the sensing signal includes a plurality of linear frequency modulation (LFM) based or frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) based signals, each of which has a respective frequency change rate at a respective time slot.
[0010] In some implementations, the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal include a frequency change rate vector in a respective time slot configured for the sensing signal.
[0011] In some implementations, the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal include information indicative of a first time slot group that includes one or more time slots in which one or more coefficients used for configuration of the sensing signal are a same value.
[0012] In some implementations, the one or more reflection parameters include at least one of: a particular frequency shift at a particular time slot of a reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal for reflection of the sensing signal; or a frequency change rate at the particular time slot of the reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal for the reflection of the sensing signal.
[0013] In some implementations, the one or more reflection parameters include information indicative of a second time slot group that includes one or more time slots in which one or more coefficients used for the reflection of the sensing signal are a same value.
[0014] In some implementations, a first time slot of the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node and a second time slot of the sensing signal reflected at another reflecting node are combined for the estimation of the one or more sensing parameters, the first and second time slots included in the second time slot group.
[0015] In some implementations, the one or more sensing parameters include at least one of: an angle of arrival (AoA) , of the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node, at the second node; a time delay indicative of a time of flight of the sensing signal from the first node to the second node via the reflecting node; a timing offset of the reflecting node in relation to the first node or the second node; or a radial Doppler for the reflecting node.
[0016] In some implementations, the method further includes estimating, based on the one or more sensing parameters, one or more of a location of the reflecting node or movement of the reflecting node.
[0017] In some implementations, the method further includes selecting, based on information indicative of existence of the reflecting node in an environment, at least one of the first node or the second node from a group of one or more nodes that are capable of transmitting the sensing signal to the reflecting node or receiving the sensing signal from the reflecting node. The method may further include at least one of: transmitting, to the first node, an indication for assignment of transmission of the sensing signal, or transmitting, to the second node, an indication for assignment of receipt of the sensing signal.
[0018] In some implementations, at least one of the indication for assignment of transmission of the sensing signal or the indication for assignment of receipt of the sensing signal is included in a downlink control information (DCI) .
[0019] In some implementations where the sensing configuration node is the first node, the method further includes transmitting, to the reflecting node, the sensing signal based on the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal.
[0020] In some implementations where the sensing configuration node is different from the first node, the method further includes transmitting, to the first node, the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal.
[0021] In some implementations, at least one of: the one or more reflection parameters, or the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal, is transmitted via control signaling.
[0022] In some implementations, the one or more reflection parameters are specific to the reflecting node.
[0023] According to an aspect of the disclosure there is provided an apparatus including means to perform the method mentioned in this disclosure. For example, the apparatus includes a processor configured to cause the processor to perform a method for use at a sensing configuration node consistent with the embodiments described above and herein. In another example, the apparatus includes a processor coupled with a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium stores thereon computer executable instructions that when executed cause the processor to perform a method for use at a sensing configuration node consistent with the embodiments described above and herein. A non-limiting example of the device is a base station (BS) or a network node or any other suitable network side device. In some implementations, the apparatus includes a chip, e.g., an integrated circuit (IC) chip. In some implementations, the apparatus does not execute instructions by a processor to perform the methods, e.g., the apparatus may include circuitry such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , a graphical processing unit (GPU) , or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , that performs the methods. More generally, the apparatus may include modules or units or means to perform the methods.
[0024] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for use at a receiving node involving receiving, from a sensing configuration node, at least one of: one or more reflection parameters to be used for reflecting, at a reflecting node, a sensing signal transmitted from a second node, wherein the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node is used for estimating one or more sensing parameters associated with the reflecting node, or one or more parameters defining the sensing signal.
[0025] In some implementations, the method further includes transmitting, to the sensing configuration node, information indicating estimated values of the one or more sensing parameters.
[0026] In some implementations, the method further includes processing the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node based on the one or more reflection parameters; and obtaining the estimated values of the one or more sensing parameters from the processed sensing signal.
[0027] In some implementations, the sensing signal includes a plurality of linear frequency modulation (LFM) based or frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) based signals, each of which has a respective frequency change rate at a respective time slot.
[0028] In some implementations, the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal include a frequency change rate vector in a respective time slot configured for the sensing signal.
[0029] In some implementations, the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal include information indicative of a first time slot group that includes one or more time slots in which one or more coefficients used for configuration of the sensing signal are a same value.
[0030] In some implementations, the one or more reflection parameters include at least one of: a particular frequency shift at a particular time slot of a reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal for reflection of the sensing signal; or a frequency change rate at the particular time slot of the reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal for the reflection of the sensing signal.
[0031] In some implementations, the one or more reflection parameters include information indicative of a second time slot group that includes one or more time slots in which one or more coefficients used for the reflection of the sensing signal are a same value.
[0032] In some implementations, a first time slot of the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node and a second time slot of the sensing signal reflected at another reflecting node are combined for the estimation of the one or more sensing parameters, the first and second time slots included in the second time slot group.
[0033] In some implementations, the one or more sensing parameters include at least one of: an angle of arrival (AoA) , of the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node, at the first node; a time delay indicative of a time of flight of the sensing signal from the second node to the first node via the reflecting node; a timing offset of the reflecting node in relation to the first node or the second node; or a radial Doppler for the reflecting node.
[0034] In some implementations, the method further includes receiving, from thesensing configuration node, an indication for assignment of receipt of the sensing signal.
[0035] In some implementations, the indication for assignment of receipt of the sensing signal is included in a downlink control information (DCI) .
[0036] In some implementations, the method further includes receiving, from the reflecting node, the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node.
[0037] In some implementations, at least one of: the one or more reflection parameters, or the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal, is received via control signaling.
[0038] In some implementations, the one or more reflection parameters are specific to the reflecting node.
[0039] According to an aspect of the disclosure there is provided an apparatus including means to perform the method mentioned in this disclosure. For example, the apparatus includes a processor configured to cause the processor to perform a method for use at at a receiving node consistent with the embodiments described above and herein. In another example, the apparatus includes a processor coupled with a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium stores thereon computer executable instructions that when executed cause the processor to perform a method for use at a receiving node consistent with the embodiments described above and herein. Non-limiting examples of the apparatus are a user equipment (UE) , any suitable terminal side device, a BS, a network node, and / or any other suitable network side devices. In some implementations, the apparatus includes a chip, e.g., an IC chip. In some implementations, the apparatus does not execute instructions by a processor to perform the methods, e.g., the apparatus may include circuitry such as an FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC, that performs the methods. More generally, the apparatus may include modules or units or means to perform the methods.
[0040] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for use at a reflecting node involving receiving, from a sensing configuration node, one or more reflection parameters to be used for reflecting a sensing signal transmitted from a node, the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node being used for estimating one or more sensing parameters associated with the reflecting node.
[0041] In some implementations, the sensing signal includes a plurality of linear frequency modulation (LFM) based or frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) based signals, each of which has a respective frequency change rate at a respective time slot.
[0042] In some implementations, the one or more reflection parameters include at least one of: a particular frequency shift at a particular time slot of a reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal for reflection of the sensing signal; or a frequency change rate at the particular time slot of the reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal for the reflection of the sensing signal.
[0043] In some implementations, the one or more reflection parameters include information indicative of a second time slot group that includes one or more time slots in which one or more coefficients used for the reflection of the sensing signal are a same value.
[0044] In some implementations, the one or more sensing parameters include at least one of: an angle of arrival (AoA) , of the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node, at a second node receiving the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node; a time delay indicative of a time of flight of the sensing signal from the node to the second node via the reflecting node; a timing offset of the reflecting node in relation to the node or the second node; or a radial Doppler for the reflecting node.
[0045] In some implementations, the method further includes: receiving, from the node, the sensing signal; and reflecting the sensing signal based on the one or more reflection parameters.
[0046] In some implementations, the one or more reflection parameters is transmitted via control signaling.
[0047] In some implementations, the one or more reflection parameters are specific to the reflecting node.
[0048] According to an aspect of the disclosure there is provided an apparatus including means to perform the method mentioned in this disclosure. For example, the apparatus includes a processor configured to cause the processor to perform a method for use at at a reflecting node consistent with the embodiments described above and herein. In another example, the apparatus includes a processor coupled with a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium is configured to store computer executable instructions and the processor is configured to execute the computer executable instructions to cause the apparatus to perform a method for use at a reflecting node consistent with the embodiments described above and herein. A non-limiting example of the apparatus is a UE or any other suitable terminal side device. In some embodiments, the apparatus includes a chip, e.g., an integrated circuit (IC) chip. In some embodiments, the apparatus does not execute instructions by a processor to perform the methods, e.g., the apparatus may include circuitry such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , a graphical processing unit (GPU) , or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , that performs the methods. More generally, the apparatus may include modules or units or means to perform the methods.
[0049] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for use at a transmitting node involving receiving, from a sensing configuration node, one or more parameters defining a sensing signal, wherein the sensing signal is transmitted from the node and reflected at a reflecting node based on one or more reflection parameters transmitted from the sensing configuration node, wherein the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node is used for estimating one or more sensing parameters associated with the reflecting node.
[0050] In some implementations, the sensing signal includes a plurality of linear frequency modulation (LFM) based or frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) based signals, each of which has a respective frequency change rate at a respective time slot.
[0051] In some implementations, the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal include a frequency change rate vector in a respective time slot configured for the sensing signal.
[0052] In some implementations, the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal include information indicative of a first time slot group that includes one or more time slots in which one or more coefficients used for configuration of the sensing signal are a same value.
[0053] In some implementations, the one or more reflection parameters include at least one of: a particular frequency shift at a particular time slot of a reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal for reflection of the sensing signal; or a frequency change rate at the particular time slot of the reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal for the reflection of the sensing signal.
[0054] In some implementations, the one or more reflection parameters include information indicative of a second time slot group that includes one or more time slots in which one or more coefficients used for the reflection of the sensing signal are a same value.
[0055] In some implementations, the one or more sensing parameters include at least one of: an angle of arrival (AoA) , of the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node, at a second node receiving the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node; a time delay indicative of a time of flight of the sensing signal from the node to the second node via the reflecting node; a timing offset of the reflecting node in relation to the node or the second node; or a radial Doppler for the reflecting node.
[0056] In some implementations, the method further includes receiving, from the sensing configuration node, an indication for assignment of transmission of the sensing signal.
[0057] In some implementations, the indication for assignment of transmission of the sensing signal is included in a downlink control information (DCI) .
[0058] In some implementations, the method further includes transmitting, to the reflecting node, the sensing signal based on the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal.
[0059] In some implementations, the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal is received via control signaling.
[0060] In some implementations, the one or more reflection parameters are specific to the reflecting node.
[0061] According to an aspect of the disclosure there is provided including means to perform the method mentioned in this disclosure. For example, the apparatus includes a processor configured to cause the processor to perform a method for use at a transmitting node consistent with the embodiments described above and herein. In another example, the apparatus includes a processor coupled with a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium stores thereon computer executable instructions that when executed cause the processor to perform a method for use at a transmitting node consistent with the embodiments described above and herein. Non-limiting examples of the apparatus are a UE, any suitable terminal side device, a BS, a network node, and / or any other suitable network side devices. In some implementations, the apparatus includes a chip, e.g., an IC chip. In some implementations, the apparatus does not execute instructions by a processor to perform the methods, e.g., the apparatus may include circuitry such as an FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC, that performs the methods. More generally, the apparatus may include modules or units or means to perform the methods.
[0062] According to an aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer executable instructions that, when executed, cause a computer to perform a method as described above or elsewhere in the present disclosure. The computer-readable storage medium may be non-transitory.
[0063] According to an aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a computer-program. The computer program includes computer executable instructions that, when executed, cause a computer to perform a method as described above or elsewhere in the present disclosure.
[0064] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an element / chipset system including means (e.g., at least one processor) to implement the method implemented by (or at) a network side device of the present disclosure. The apparatus / chipset system may be the network side device (e.g., a BS) or a module / component in the device. In details, the at least one processor may execute instructions stored in a computer-readable medium to implement the method.
[0065] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an element / chipset system including means (e.g., at least one processor) to implement the method implemented by (or at) a receiving node (e.g., a UE, any suitable terminal side device, a BS, a network node, and / or any other suitable network side devices) of the present disclosure. The apparatus / chipset system may be the receiving node or a module / component in the receiving node. In details, the at least one processor may execute instructions stored in a computer-readable medium to implement the method.
[0066] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an element / chipset system including means (e.g., at least one processor) to implement the method implemented by (or at) a UE of the present disclosure. The apparatus / chipset system may be the UE (that is, a terminal side device) or a module / component in the UE. In details, the at least one processor may execute instructions stored in a computer-readable medium to implement the method.
[0067] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an element / chipset system including means (e.g., at least one processor) to implement the method implemented by (or at) a transmitting node (e.g., a UE, any suitable terminal side device, a BS, a network node, and / or any other suitable network side devices) of the present disclosure. The apparatus / chipset system may be the transmitting node or a module / component in the transmitting node. In details, the at least one processor may execute instructions stored in a computer-readable medium to implement the method.
[0068] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a system including at least one of an element in (or at) a network side device of the present disclosure, an element in (or at) a receiving node of the present disclosure, an element in (or at) a UE of the present disclosure, or an element in (or at) a transmitting node of the present disclosure.
[0069] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a system including at least one of an element in (or at) a network device of the present disclosure, an element in (or at) a receiving node of the present disclosure, an element in (or at) a UE of the present disclosure, or an element in (or at) a transmitting node of the present disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0070] For a more complete understanding of the present embodiments, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made, by way of example, to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0071] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0072] FIG. 2 is another schematic diagram of a communication system in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0073] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating units or modules in a device in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0074] FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating units or modules in a device in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0075] FIG. 5A illustrates an example chirp signal representation in a time-frequency coordinate system.
[0076] FIG. 5B illustrates an example of chirp-based signal, frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) signal, in a time-frequency coordinate system.
[0077] FIG. 5C illustrates another example of chirp-based signal, triangular waveform, in a time-frequency coordinate system.
[0078] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram including a portion of a communication network illustrating signaling that may occur in an example method for facilitating operation in a low power mode in a communication network, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0079] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating, in a time-frequency coordinate system, an example sensing signal transmitted by a transmitting sensing node, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0080] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating, in a time-frequency coordinate system, an example of passive reflections of a sensing signal performed by multiple different apparatuses, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0081] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of estimating one or more sensing parameters associated with the apparatuses reflecting sensing signals in the communication network of FIG. 6, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0082] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of repeated use of the same coefficient values over different time slots and fusion of the signal portions configured with the same coefficient values, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0083] FIG. 11 is a signal flow diagram illustrating an example method for facilitating operation in a low power mode in a wireless communication network, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0084] FIG. 12 is a signal flow diagram illustrating another example method for facilitating operation in a low power mode in a wireless communication network, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0085] For illustrative purposes, specific example embodiments will now be explained in greater detail below in conjunction with the figures.
[0086] The embodiments set forth herein represent information sufficient to practice the claimed subject matter and illustrate ways of practicing such subject matter. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying figures, those of skill in the art will understand the concepts of the claimed subject matter and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.
[0087] Moreover, it will be appreciated that any module, component, or device disclosed herein that executes instructions may include or otherwise have access to a non- transitory computer / processor readable storage medium or media for storage of information, such as computer / processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules, and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, optical disks such as compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , digital video discs or digital versatile discs (i.e. DVDs) , Blu-ray DiscTM, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory or other memory technology. Any such non-transitory computer / processor storage media may be part of a device or accessible or connectable thereto. Computer / processor readable / executable instructions to implement an application or module described herein may be stored or otherwise held by such non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media.
[0088] Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatuses, devices, nodes, methods, and systems to overcome the shortcomings described above, as well as specific apparatuses, devices, nodes, methods, and systems for facilitating operation in a low power mode in various network systems. The operation in a low power mode may, for example, include communications and sensing operations of apparatuses and devices in the low power mode. Some aspects of the present disclosure may enable obtaining detailed sensing information of apparatuses and devices that are in a low power mode, such as various sensing parameters (e.g., an angle of arrival (AoA) at a receiving sensing node, time delay of the sensing signal, timing offset, a radial Doppler) of those apparatuses and devices. Some aspects of the present disclosure may enable facilitating communications and high-accuracy sensing operations of apparatuses and devices in the low power mode, while those apparatuses and devices are staying in the low power mode.
[0089] In some aspects of the present disclosure, sensing operation of an apparatus in a low power mode may be carried out by passive reflection by the apparatus in the low power mode using a linear frequency modulation (LFM) -based passive reflection signature design, which may be specific to that apparatus. These aspects of the present disclosure may reduce power consumption of an apparatus in the network. For example, by virtue of the above-noted aspects of the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) in a low power mode may be able to carry out operations (e.g., communication and / or sensing tasks) that are currently performed only in a connected state (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) connected state) , without transitioning to the connected state, so that the UE may stay in the low power mode for a longer period of time, and therefore the UE may consume less power. By virtue of the above aspects of the present disclosure, high-accuracy sensing operation of an apparatus in a low power mode may be enabled. By virtue of the above aspects of the present disclosure, signaling overhead caused by a positioning procedure to locate the apparatus in the network may be reduced.
[0090] FIGs. 1, 2, and 3 following below provide context for the network and device that may be in the network and that may implement aspects of the present disclosure.
[0091] Referring to FIG. 1, as an illustrative example without limitation, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system is provided. The communication system 100 comprises a radio access network 120. The radio access network 120 may be a next generation (e.g. sixth generation (6G) or later) radio access network, or a legacy (e.g. 5G, 4G, 3G or 2G) radio access network. One or more communication electric device (ED) 110a-120j (generically referred to as 110) may be interconnected to one another, and may also or instead be connected to one or more network nodes (170a, 170b, generically referred to as 170) in the radio access network 120. A core network 130 may be a part of the communication system and may be dependent or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. Also the communication system 100 comprises a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160.
[0092] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communication system 100 in which the present disclosure could be implemented. In general, the system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to communicate data and other content. The purpose of the system 100 may be to provide content (voice, data, video, text) via broadcast, narrowcast, user device to user device, etc. The system 100 may operate efficiently by sharing resources such as bandwidth.
[0093] In this example, the communication system 100 includes electronic devices (ED) 110a-110c, radio access networks (RANs) 120a-120b, a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. While certain numbers of these components or elements are shown in FIG. 2, any reasonable number of these components or elements may be included in the system 100.
[0094] The EDs 110a-110c are configured to operate, communicate, or both, in the system 100. For example, the EDs 110a-110c are configured to transmit, receive, or both via wireless communication channels. Each ED 110a-110c represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , mobile station, mobile subscriber unit, cellular telephone, station (STA) , machine type communication device (MTC) , personal digital assistant (PDA) , smartphone, laptop, computer, touchpad, wireless sensor, or consumer electronics device.
[0095] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communication system 100 in which the present disclosure could be implemented. In general, the communication system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to communicate data and other content. The purpose of the communication system 100 may be to provide content (voice, data, video, text) via broadcast, multicast, unicast, user device to user device, etc. The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources such as bandwidth.
[0096] In this example, the communication system 100 includes electronic devices (ED) 110a-110d, radio access networks (RANs) 120a-120c, a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160. Although certain numbers of these components or elements are shown in FIG. 2, any reasonable number of these components or elements may be included in the communication system 100.
[0097] The EDs 110a-110d are configured to operate, communicate, or both, in the communication system 100. For example, the EDs 110a-110d are configured to transmit, receive, or both, via wireless or wired communication channels. Each ED 110a-110d represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , mobile station, fixed or mobile subscriber unit, cellular telephone, station (STA) , machine type communication (MTC) device, personal digital assistant (PDA) , smartphone, laptop, computer, tablet, wireless sensor, or consumer electronics device.
[0098] In FIG. 2, the RANs 120a-120b include base stations 170a-170b, respectively. Each base station 170a-170b is configured to wirelessly interface with one or more of the EDs 110a-110c to enable access to any other base station 170a-170b, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, the internet 150, and / or the other networks 160. For example, the base stations 170a-170b may include (or be) one or more of several well-known devices, such as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a Node-B (NodeB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB) , a Home eNodeB, a gNodeB, a transmission and receive point (TRP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , or a wireless router.
[0099] In some examples, one or more of the base stations 170a-170b may be a terrestrial base station that is attached to the ground. For example, a terrestrial base station could be mounted on a building or tower. Alternatively, one or more of the base stations 172 may be a non-terrestrial base station, or non-terrestrial TRP (NT-TRP) , that is not attached to the ground. A flying base station is an example of the non-terrestrial base station. A flying base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. Non-limiting examples of flying devices include airborne platforms (such as a blimp or an airship, for example) , balloons, quadcopters and other aerial vehicles. In some implementations, a flying base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone or a quadcopter. A flying base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station.
[0100] Any ED 110a-110d may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any other base station 170a-170b, the internet 150, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the preceding.
[0101] The EDs 110a-110d and base stations 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment that can be configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or embodiments described herein. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the base station 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other base stations, base station controller (s) (BSC) , radio network controller (s) (RNC) , relay nodes, elements, and / or devices. Any base station 170a, 170b may be a single element, as shown, or multiple elements, distributed in the corresponding RAN, or otherwise. Also, the base station 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other base stations, elements, and / or devices. Each base station 170a-170b transmits and / or receives wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or “coverage area” . A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ multiple transceivers to provide service to multiple sectors. In some implementations, there may be established pico or femto cells where the radio access technology supports such. In some implementations, multiple transceivers could be used for each cell, for example using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The number of RAN 120a-120b shown is exemplary only. Any number of RAN may be contemplated when devising the communication system 100.
[0102] The base stations 170a-170b, 172 communicate with one or more of the EDs 110a-110d over one or more air interfaces 190a, 190c using wireless communication links e.g. radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. The air interfaces 190a, 190c may utilize any suitable radio access technology. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more orthogonal or non-orthogonal channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) in the air interfaces 190a, 190c.
[0103] The base stations 170a-170b, 172 communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links e.g., radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communication with one or more of the base stations 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) in the SL air interfaces 190e, 190f.
[0104] A base station 170a-170b, 172 may implement Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) to establish an air interface 190a, 190c using wideband CDMA (WCDMA) . In doing so, the base station 170a-170b. 172 may implement protocols such as High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Evolved HPSA (HSPA+) optionally including High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) , High Speed Packet Uplink Access (HSPUA) or both. Alternatively, a base station 170a-170b, 172 may establish an air interface 190a, 190c with Evolved UTMS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) using LTE, LTE-A, and / or LTE-B. It is contemplated that the communication system 100 may use multiple channel access operation, including such schemes as described above. Other radio technologies for implementing air interfaces include IEEE 802.11, 802.15, 802.16, CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, IS-2000, IS-95, IS-856, GSM, EDGE, and GERAN. Of course, other multiple access schemes and wireless protocols may be utilized.
[0105] The RANs 120a-120b are in communication with the core network 130 to provide the EDs 110a-110c with various services such as voice, data, and other services. The RANs 120a-120b and / or the core network 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by core network 130, and may or may not employ the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b or both. The core network 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a-120b or EDs 110a-110c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the internet 150, and the other networks 160) .
[0106] The EDs 110a-110d communicate with one another over one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b, 190d using wireless communication links e.g. radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. The SL air interfaces 190b, 190d may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110c communication with one or more of the base stations 170a-170b, or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) in the SL air interfaces 190b, 190d. In some implementations, the SL air interfaces 190b, 190d may be, at least in part, implemented over unlicensed spectrum.
[0107] In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a-110d may include operation for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and to the internet 150. PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a-110d may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support multiple radio access technologies.
[0108] In some implementations, the signal is transmitted from a terrestrial base station (BS) to the UE or transmitted from the UE directly to the terrestrial BS and in both cases the signal is not reflected by a RIS. However, the signal may be reflected by the obstacles and reflectors such as buildings, walls and furniture. In some implementations, the signal is communicated between the UE and a non-terrestrial BS such as a satellite, a drone and a high altitude platform. In some implementations, the signal is communicated between a relay and a UE or a relay and a BS or between two relays. In some implementations, the signal is transmitted between two UEs. In some implementations, one or multiple RIS are utilized to reflect the signal from a transmitter and a receiver, where any of the transmitter and receiver includes UEs, terrestrial or non-terrestrial BS, and relays.
[0109] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of an ED 110 and network devices, including a base station (BS) 170a, 170b (at 170) and an NT-TRP 172. The ED 110 is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , machine-type communications (MTC) , internet of things (IOT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0110] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a machine type communication (MTC) device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, an industrial device, or apparatus (e.g. communication module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to using other terms. The base station 170a and 170b is a T-TRP and will hereafter be referred to as T-TRP 170. Also shown in FIG. 3, a NT-TRP will hereafter be referred to as NT-TRP 172. Each ED 110 connected to T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0111] The ED 110 includes a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, e.g. as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals.
[0112] The ED 110 includes at least one memory 208. The memory 208 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the ED 110. For example, the memory 208 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processing unit (s) 210. Each memory 208 includes any suitable volatile and / or non-volatile storage and retrieval device (s) . Any suitable type of memory may be used, such as random access memory (RAM) , read only memory (ROM) , hard disk, optical disc, subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital (SD) memory card, on-processor cache, and the like.
[0113] The ED 110 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces (such as a wired interface to the internet 150 in FIGs. 1 or 2) . The input / output devices permit interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, such as a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, or touch screen, including network interface communications.
[0114] The ED 110 further includes a processor 210 for performing operations including those related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission to the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, those related to processing downlink transmissions received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, and those related to processing sidelink transmission to and from another ED 110. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing downlink transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Depending upon the embodiment, a downlink transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the downlink transmission (e.g. by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, e.g. beam angle information (BAI) , received from T-TRP 170. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations relating to detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, etc. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, e.g. using a reference signal received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170.
[0115] Although not illustrated, the processor 210 may form part of the transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203. Although not illustrated, the memory 208 may form part of the processor 210.
[0116] The processor 210, and the processing components of the transmitter 201 and receiver 203 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g. in memory 208) . Alternatively, some or all of the processor 210, and the processing components of the transmitter 201 and receiver 203 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , a graphical processing unit (GPU) , or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) .
[0117] In some implementations, the ED 110 may be an apparatus (also called a component) for example, a communication module, modem, chip, or chipset, it includes at least one processor 210, and an interface or at least one pin. In this scenario, the transmitter 201 and receiver 203 may be replaced by the interface or at least one pin, where the interface or at least one pin connects the apparatus (e.g., chip) and other apparatus (e.g., chip, memory, or bus) . Accordingly, the transmitting information to the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170 and / or another ED 110 may be referred to as transmitting information to the interface or at least one pin, or as transmitting information to the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170 and / or another ED 110 via the interface or at least one pin. The receiving information from the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170 and / or another ED 110 may be referred to as receiving information from the interface or at least one pin, or as receiving information from the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170 and / or another ED 110 via the interface or at least one pin. The information may include control signaling and / or data. For other nodes / entities in this disclosure, similar rules may applyThe T-TRP 170 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a base station, a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , or a wireless router, a relay station, a remote radio head, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, or a terrestrial base station, base band unit (BBU) , remote radio unit (RRU) , active antenna unit (AAU) , remote radio head (RRH) , central unit (CU) , distributed unit (DU) , positioning node, among other possibilities. The T-TRP 170 may be macro BSs, pico BSs, relay node, donor node, or the like, or combinations thereof. The T-TRP 170 may refer to the forging devices, or to apparatus (e.g. communication module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices. While the figures and accompanying description of example and embodiments of the disclosure generally use the terms AP, BS, and AP or BS, it is to be understood that such device could be any of the types described above.
[0118] In some implementations, the parts of the T-TRP 170 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the T-TRP 170 may be located remote from the equipment housing the antennas of the T-TRP 170, and may be coupled to the equipment housing the antennas over a communication link (not shown) sometimes known as front haul, such as common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term T-TRP 170 may also refer to modules on the network side that perform processing operations, such as determining the location of the ED 110, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that are not necessarily part of the equipment housing the antennas of the T-TRP 170. The modules may also be coupled to other T-TRPs. In some implementations, the T-TRP 170 may actually be a plurality of T-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0119] The T-TRP 170 includes at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. The T-TRP 170 further includes a processor 260 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to NT-TRP 172, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the NT-TRP 172. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, and demodulating and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, etc. In some implementations, the processor 260 also generates the indication of beam direction, e.g. BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by scheduler 253. The processor 260 performs other network-side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of the ED 110, determining where to deploy NT-TRP 172, etc. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110 and / or one or more parameters of the NT-TRP 172. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. Note that “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling. Dynamic signaling may be transmitted in a control channel, e.g. a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , and static or semi-static higher layer signaling may be included in a packet transmitted in a data channel, e.g. in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) .
[0120] A scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within or operated separately from the T-TRP 170, which may schedule uplink, downlink, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free ( “configured grant” ) resources. The T-TRP 170 further includes a memory 258 for storing information and data. The memory 258 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the T-TRP 170. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processor 260.
[0121] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may form part of the transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254. Also, although not illustrated, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not illustrated, the memory 258 may form part of the processor 260.
[0122] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, and the processing components of the transmitter 252 and receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in memory 258. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 260, the scheduler 253, and the processing components of the transmitter 252 and receiver 254 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC.
[0123] When the T-TRP 170 is an apparatus (also called a component) , for example, a communication module, modem, chip, or chipset in a device, it includes at least one processor, and an interface or at least one pin. In this scenario, the transmitter 252 and receiver 254 may be replaced by the interface or at least one pin, where the interface or at least one pin connects the apparatus (e.g., chip) and other apparatus (e.g., chip, memory, or bus) . Accordingly, the transmitting information to the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170 and / or ED 110 may be referred to as transmitting information to the interface or at least one pin. The receiving information from the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170 and / or ED 110 may be referred to as receiving information from the interface or at least one pin. The information may include control signaling and / or data.
[0124] Although the NT-TRP 172 is illustrated as a drone only as an example, the NT-TRP 172 may be implemented in any suitable non-terrestrial form. Also, the NT-TRP 172 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, or a non-terrestrial base station. The NT-TRP 172 includes a transmitter 272 and a receiver 274 coupled to one or more antennas 280. Only one antenna 280 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 272 and the receiver 274 may be integrated as a transceiver. The NT-TRP 172 further includes a processor 276 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to T-TRP 170, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the T-TRP 170. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, and demodulating and decoding received symbols. In some implementations, the processor 276 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (e.g. BAI) received from T-TRP 170. In some implementations, the processor 276 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110. In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 implements physical layer processing, but does not implement higher layer functions such as functions at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer. As this is only an example, more generally, the NT-TRP 172 may implement higher layer functions in addition to physical layer processing.
[0125] The NT-TRP 172 further includes a memory 278 for storing information and data. Although not illustrated, the processor 276 may form part of the transmitter 272 and / or receiver 274. Although not illustrated, the memory 278 may form part of the processor 276.
[0126] The processor 276 and the processing components of the transmitter 272 and receiver 274 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in memory 278. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 276 and the processing components of the transmitter 272 and receiver 274 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 may actually be a plurality of NT-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0127] When the NT-TRP 172 is an apparatus (e.g. a communication module, modem, chip, or chipset) in a device, it includes at least one processor, and an interface or at least one pin. In this scenario, the transmitter 272 and receiver 257 may be replaced by the interface or at least one pin, where the interface or at least one pin connects the apparatus (e.g., chip) and other apparatus (e.g., chip, memory, or bus) . Accordingly, the transmitting information to the T-TRP 170 and / or another NT-TRP 172 and / or ED 110 may be referred to as transmitting information to the interface or at least one pin. The receiving information from the T-TRP 170 and / or another NT-TRP 172 and / or ED 110 may be referred to as receiving information from the interface or at least one pin. The information may include control signaling and / or data.
[0128] The T-TRP 170, the NT-TRP 172, and / or the ED 110 may include other components, but these have been omitted for the sake of clarity.
[0129] Note that “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a BS (e.g., the network node 170) and a terminal or sensing device (e.g., ED 110) , or signaling between a different terminal or sensing device (e.g., between ED 110i and ED110j) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For downlink, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) , which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For uplink, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) , which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For sidelink, signaling between different terminal or sensing devices (e.g., between ED 110i and ED110j) may be known as sidelink control information (SCI) , which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher-layer (e.g., higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, e.g. in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for sidelink signaling. Higher-layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. Higher-layer signaling may be radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control –control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0130] It should be noted that in present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0131] One or more steps of the methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules, according to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 illustrates units or modules in a device, such as in ED 110, in T-TRP 170, or in NT-TRP 172. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps may be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) module. The respective units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices that execute software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be an integrated circuit, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. It will be appreciated that where the modules are implemented using software for execution by a processor for example, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0132] Additional details regarding the EDs 110, T-TRP 170, and NT-TRP 172 are known to those of skill in the art. As such, these details are omitted here.
[0133] One or more steps of the methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules, according to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 illustrates units or modules in a device, such as in ED 110, in T-TRP 170, or in NT-TRP 172. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps may be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) module. The respective units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices that execute software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be an integrated circuit, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. It will be appreciated that where the modules are implemented using software for execution by a processor for example, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0134] Additional details regarding the EDs 110, T-TRP 170, and NT-TRP 172 are known to those of skill in the art. As such, these details are omitted here.
[0135] For future wireless networks, a number of the new devices could increase exponentially with diverse functionalities. Also, many new applications and new use cases in future wireless networks than existing in 5G may emerge with more diverse quality of service demands. These will result in new key performance indications (KPIs) for the future wireless network (for an example, 6G network) that can be extremely challenging, so the sensing technologies, and AI technologies, especially ML (deep learning) technologies, had been introduced to telecommunication for improving the system performance and efficiency.
[0136] AI / ML technologies applied communication including AI / ML communication in Physical layer and AI / ML communication in media access control (MAC) layer. For physical layer, the AI / ML communication may be useful to optimize the components design and improve the algorithm performance, like AI / ML on channel coding, channel modelling, channel estimation, channel decoding, modulation, demodulation, MIMO, waveform, multiple access, PHY element parameter optimization and update, beam forming &tracking and sensing &positioning, etc. For MAC layer, AI / ML communication may utilize the AI / ML capability with learning, prediction and make decisions to solve the complicated optimization problems with better strategy and optimal solution, for example to optimize the functionality in MAC, e.g. intelligent TRP management, intelligent beam management, intelligent channel resource allocation, intelligent power control, intelligent spectrum utilization, intelligent modulation and coding scheme (MCS) , intelligent hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) strategy, intelligent transmit / receive (Tx / Rx) mode adaption, etc.
[0137] AI / ML architectures usually involve multiple nodes, which can be organized in two modes, i.e., centralized and distributed, both of which can be deployed in access network, core network, or an edge computing system or third-party network. The centralized training and computing architecture is restricted by huge communication overhead and strict user data privacy. Distributed training and computing architecture comprise several frameworks, e.g., distributed machine learning and federated learning. AI / ML architectures comprises intelligent controller which can perform as single agent or multi-agent, based on joint optimization or individual optimization. New protocol and signaling mechanism is needed so that the corresponding interface link can be personalized with customized parameters to meet particular requirements while minimizing signaling overhead and maximizing the whole system spectrum efficiency by personalized AI technologies.
[0138] Further terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks may enable a new range of services and applications such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation, and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility. Terrestrial networks based sensing and non-terrestrial networks based sensing could provide intelligent context-aware networks to enhance the UE experience. For example, terrestrial network based sensing and non-terrestrial network based sensing may involve opportunities for localization and sensing applications based on a new set of features and service capabilities. Applications such as Terahertz (THz) imaging and spectroscopy have the potential to provide continuous, real-time physiological information via dynamic, non-invasive, contactless measurements for future digital health technologies. Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) methods may not only enable advanced cross reality (XR) applications but may also enhance the navigation of autonomous objects such as vehicles and drones. Further in terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks, measured channel data and sensing and positioning data may be obtained by large bandwidth, additional spectrum, dense network and additional light-of-sight (LOS) links. Based on these data, a radio environmental map may be determined through AI / ML methods, where channel information is linked to its corresponding positioning or environmental information to provide an enhanced physical layer design based on this map.
[0139] Sensing coordinators are nodes in a network that may assist in the sensing operation. These nodes may be standalone nodes dedicated to just sensing operations or other nodes (for example TRP 170, ED 110, or core network node) doing the sensing operations in parallel with communication transmissions. A new protocol and signaling mechanism may be needed so that the corresponding interface link may be performed with customized parameters to meet particular requirements while minimizing signaling overhead and maximizing the whole system spectrum efficiency.
[0140] AI / ML and sensing methods are data intensive. In order to involve AI / ML and sensing in wireless communications, more and more data are needed to be collected, stored, and exchanged. The characteristics of wireless data expand quite large ranges in multiple dimensions, e.g., from sub-6 GHz, millimeter to Terahertz carrier frequency, from space, outdoor to indoor scenario, and from text, voice to video. These data collecting, processing and usage operations are performed in a unified framework or a different framework.
[0141] Control information is referenced in some embodiments described herein. Control information may sometimes instead be referred to as control signaling, or signaling. In some cases, control information may be dynamically communicated, e.g. in the physical layer in a control channel, such as in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) or physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . An example of control information that is dynamically indicated is information sent in physical layer control signaling, e.g., uplink control information (UCI) sent in a PUCCH or PUSCH or downlink control information (DCI) sent in a PDCCH. A dynamic indication may be an indication in a lower layer, e.g., physical layer / layer 1 signaling, rather than in a higher-layer (e.g. rather than in RRC signaling or in a MAC CE) . A semi-static indication may be an indication in semi-static signaling. Semi-static signaling, as used herein, may refer to signaling that is not dynamic, e.g. higher-layer signaling (such as RRC signaling) , and / or a MAC CE. Dynamic signaling, as used herein, may refer to signaling that is dynamic, e.g., physical layer control signaling sent in the physical layer, such as DCI sent in a PDCCH or UCI sent in a PUCCH or PUSCH.
[0142] In the present disclosure, “chirp” or “chirp signal” may refer to a signal in which the frequency increases or decreases as a linear function of time. The “chirp” or “chirp signal” may be also referred to as linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal, and may be interchangeably used at least in some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 5A illustrates an example chirp signal representation in a time-frequency coordinate system. Referring to FIG. 5A, starting time and frequency of the chirp signal 510 is t and f, respectively. The time duration of the chirp signal 510 is T. The ending time and frequency of the chirp signal 510 is t+T and f+αT, respectively.
[0143] The slope of the chirp signal may be indicative of the frequency change rate of the chirp signal, and referred to as “chirp slope” or “chirp rate” . The chirp slope, chirp rate, and frequency change rate (of the chirp signal) may be considered equivalent at least in some embodiments of the present disclosure. In FIG. 5A, the slope of the chirp signal 510 is labelled as “α” . Accordingly, the slope α of the signal 510 may be considered the chirp slope, chirp rate, and / or the frequency change rate of the signal 510.
[0144] In the present disclosure, “chirp-based signals” may refer to signals that are constructed based on one or more single chirp signals described above. FIGs. 5B and 5C illustrate two examples of chirp-based signals. Likewise, “LFM-based signals” may refer to signals that are constructed based on one or more single LFM signal described above.
[0145] FIG. 5B illustrates an example of chirp-based signal, frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) signal, in a time-frequency coordinate system. Referring to FIG. 5B, the FMCW signal 520 may comprise multiple parallel single chirps that are multiplexed in the time domain. As shown in FIG. 5B, the FMCW signal 520 may comprise multiple chirp signals including signals 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, and 526. The chirp rate of each single chirp is -α, where the negative sign “-” represents that each chirp is a down-chirp, and the frequency of each single chirp decreases with time. The time duration of each chirp 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, and 526 may be the symbol duration. The starting frequency and ending frequency of each chirp 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, and 526 may be f0 and f0-B, respectively. The difference between the ending and starting frequencies of each chirp 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, and 526, B, may represent bandwidth of each chirp. While not described in FIG. 5B, it is noted that, in the case of chirp signals with positive chirp rate (the frequency of each single chirp increases with time) , then the starting frequency and ending frequency and bandwidth of each chirp may be different. For example, when the chirp rate of each single chirp is α (and therefore each chirp is up-chirp and the frequency of each single chirp increases with time) , then starting frequency and ending frequency of each chirp may be, for example, f0-B and f0, respectively. In this case, the difference between the starting and ending frequencies of each chirp, B, may represent bandwidth of each chirp.
[0146] FIG. 5C illustrates another example of chirp-based signal, triangular waveform, in a time-frequency coordinate system. Referring to FIG. 5C, the triangular waveform 530 may comprise multiple single chirps with negative chirp rate and multiple single chirps with positive chirp rate. Specifically, the triangular waveform 530 may comprise multiple chirp signals including signals 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, and 536. The chirp rate of each of the chirps 531, 533, and 535 is -α. Therefore, the chirps 531, 533, and 535 are down-chirps and the frequencies of these decrease with time. The chirp rate of each of the chirps 532, 534, and 536 is α. Therefore, the chirps 532, 534, and 536 are up-chirps and the frequencies of these increase with time. The time duration of each chirp 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, and 536 may be a symbol duration. The starting frequency and ending frequency of each chirp 531, 533, and 535 may be f0 and f0-B, respectively. The starting frequency and ending frequency of each chirp 532, 534, and 536 may be f0-B and f0, respectively. The difference between the starting and ending frequencies of each chirp, either B or -B, may represent bandwidth of each chirp.
[0147] As noted above, in future networks, it may be desired that a device (e.g., user equipment (UE) ) in a low power mode is able to carry out functions (e.g., communication and / or sensing tasks) that are currently performed only in the connected state (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) connected state) , while staying in the low power mode without transitioning to the connected state (e.g., without waking the device up) . To enable such functionality, the network may need to obtain information about the devices while those devices are in the extreme low power mode. The device information to be obtained by the network may include positions of the devices, channel subspaces of the devices for beamforming, and / or movement (e.g., direction and speed) of the devices. However, without the device’s active transmission and / or reception, which may require energy consumption more than what is allowed in the extreme low power mode, it may be challenging to obtain such device information.
[0148] A number of approaches were previously considered to enable devices in a low power mode to carry out tasks that are currently performed only in the connected state.
[0149] One of the approaches that were previously considered involves use of passive components in active devices, such as a UE, to perform various functions that would have been performed by active components of the device. This approach may be based on the idea that the passive components will consume less power than the active components, so that overall power consumption of the device may be reduced while maintaining the operation of the device. For example, when a UE is in a low power mode (e.g., idle or inactive state) , the UE may perform tasks that would have been performed by the active components in the connected state, without transitioning to the connected state (e.g., without waking the device up) . In particular, the UE in the low power mode may perform communication tasks using backscattering communications using the passive components. This functionality may be enabled by switching between two operation modes, active and passive operation modes. Each operation mode may be activated based on the connection state of the UE. The active operation mode may be activated while the device in a regular power mode (e.g., when the device is connected to the network or in RRC_CONNECTED state) , and the active components of the UE may be used for data transmissions and receptions. On the other hand, the passive operation mode may be activated when the device is in a low power mode (e.g., when the device is in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state) . However, this approach has drawn no or less attention in respect of how to obtain information about devices in a low power mode, which may be needed to enable the low power mode devices to carry out tasks that are currently performed only in the connected state.
[0150] Another approach that was previously considered involves detection of a device in a network using the passive communication technique discussed above, even when the device is in a low power mode and not actively engaged in accessing the network. This approach will reduce an effort needed for beam sweeping, because the network may obtain information regarding the existence and approximate location of devices in a low power mode (e.g., sleeping mode) that may be potentially connectable to the network. For example, when a UE wakes up and attempts to establish a connection to the network, the UE’s effort for initial access and the network’s effort for beam sweeping may be reduced by acquiring information about the environment (e.g., surrounding map) before the UE engages in beam searching. This approach focuses on defining a backscattering or passive reflection configuration for the device in a manner that the signal reflected from the device is distinguished from the clutter reflection in the environment, to thereby acquire information regarding the existence and approximate location of the device. However, this approach may only enable obtaining information as to whether an active device exists in a given geographical area but may not provide method for obtaining information about the devices in the low power mode. However, as noted above, the information about the low power mode device may be needed to enable carrying out tasks that are currently performed only in the connected state.
[0151] Another approach that was previously considered involves use of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) . An RIS-specific signature may be applied to a signal impinging and being redirected by the RIS to allow a receiver to detect the identity of the RIS and determine the location of the RIS based on the identity of the RIS and / or the received signal. A similar idea may be applied to other devices that are capable of performing backscatter communications (including UEs with passive components) . However, similar to one of the previously considered approaches discussed above, this approach may only enable obtaining information as to whether an active device exists in a given geographical area but may not provide a method for obtaining information about the devices in the low power mode, which may be needed to enable the low power mode devices to carry out tasks that may be currently only performed in the connected state. Furthermore, this approach is tailored for low bandwidth signal reflection, and therefore may not be feasible for reflection of sensing signals that may require larger bandwidth. Moreover, the signal reflected by UE may be easily swamped or interrupted by the reflection from large passive objects in the environment.
[0152] Therefore, in view of the previous considerations discussed above, there is a need for new apparatuses, devices, nodes, methods and systems for facilitating low power apparatus / device operation. Accordingly, it is of interest to obtain information about the devices in the low power mode, which may be needed to enable devices in low power mode, to carry out operations and / or tasks that are currently performed only in a connected state.
[0153] It should be noted that, hereinafter, the terms “apparatus” , “node” , and “device” may be simply used to more easily distinguish between the entities. “Apparatus” , hereinafter, may include the ED 110 illustrated above, and may refer to any suitable end user device or UE for wireless operation and may include devices such as (but not limited to) a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, an IoT device, an industrial device, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a machine type communication (MTC) device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, or an element (e.g. communication module, modem, chip, or chipset) in any of the forgoing devices. “Node” , hereinafter, may refer to any suitable terminal side device, a UE, a base station, any suitable network side device, or apparatus therein, and may include the ED 110, the base station 170a and 170b, T-TRP 170, and / or NT-TRP 172 illustrated above, or an element (e.g. communication module, modem, chip, or chipset) in any of the forgoing devices. “Device” , hereinafter, may refer to a base station or any similar type of network side device or apparatus therein, and may include the base station 170a and 170b, T-TRP 170, and / or NT-TRP 172 illustrated above, or an element (e.g. communication module, modem, chip, function, or chipset) in any of the forgoing devices.
[0154] At least in some embodiments of the present disclosure, the “sensing configuration node” and / or “configuring and receiving node” may be considered a node in which sensing management function (SMF) is located or implemented. It should be noted that the SMF is part of the core network. At least in some embodiments of the present disclosure, the “sensing configuration node” and / or “configuring and receiving node” may be considered the same as the SMF. The “sensing configuration node” and / or “configuring and receiving node” may be referred to as “sensing management node” .
[0155] It should be also noted that, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, “reflect” may more generally mean, but not limited to, “redirect” , or a function (or an operation) that has similar effect.
[0156] The present disclosure illustrates various aspects of apparatuses, devices, nodes, methods, and systems for facilitating operation in a low power mode in a communication network. In some embodiments, the operation in a low power mode may, for example, include communications and sensing operations of apparatuses and devices in the low power mode. The communications may include, for example, low power transmissions using sensing signals. In some embodiments, the sensing signal may include a plurality of linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals or LFM-based signals, each LFM or LFM-based signal having a respective frequency change rate or a respective chirp slope. In some embodiments, the sensing signal may include FMCW signals or FMCW-based signals, each FMCW or FMCW-based signal having a respective frequency change rate or a respective chirp slope. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, LFM signal and LFM-based signal may be considered equivalent, and / or FMCW signal and FMCW-based signal may be considered equivalent. In some embodiments, the sensing signal may be reflected using a reflection signature which may be specific to an apparatus (e.g., UE) that reflects the sensing signal. It is noted that the reflection signature may share at least some common technical features with the backscattering signature, and in some embodiments of the present disclosure, the reflection signature may be considered as the backscattering signature or include some technical features of the backscattering signature. In some embodiments, the reflection signature may be LFM-based, and include a plurality of LFM signals. Each LFM or LFM-based signal may have a respective frequency shift and a respective frequency change rate (or chirp slope when utilizing a chirp signal) . The respective frequency shift and the respective frequency change rate may be considered as reflection parameters.
[0157] Aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to various scenarios in several integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) applications, such as energy saving applications in which a node or device may stay in a low power mode (e.g., extreme low power mode) for a longer period of time while performing certain communication and sensing tasks, compared to other network applications. Aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to several sensing scenarios, such as UE sensing and / or passive object sensing that may include object detection and / or object pose estimation (e.g., estimating location, velocity, heading, and orientation of an object) . At least some aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to a node transmitting sensing signals (may be referred to as transmitting sensing node, Tx sensing node, Tx node, or other similar terms) and / or a node receiving sensing signals (may be referred to as receiving sensing node, Rx sensing node, Rx node, or other similar terms) .
[0158] Although aspects of the present disclosure are primarily described in some network systems, such as ISAC network systems, it should be noted that aspects of the present disclosure are not limited to ISAC network systems described in the present disclosure but may be applicable more broadly to any other suitable network systems in which methods, apparatuses and / or devices described herein may be used. In other words, aspects of the present disclosure are not limited to a particular type of communication or a particular radio access technology.
[0159] The present disclosure discloses apparatuses, devices, nodes, methods, and systems that enable or facilitate operation in a low power mode in a communication network, such as ISAC network, 6G network. The operation in a low power mode may, for example, include low power high accuracy transmissions and sensing in the communication network. One example method is discussed below with reference to FIG. 6, which is a schematic diagram including a portion of a communication network 600 illustrating signaling that may occur in an example method for facilitating operation in a low power mode in the communication network 600, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0160] In the example of FIG. 6, the network 600 may be an ISAC network. The network 600 of FIG. 6 may include a first node 601, first, second, and third apparatuses 602a, 602b, and 602c (these apparatuses may also be referred to as reflecting nodes, as they are nodes that reflect the sensing signal (s) ) , a second node 603, and a passive object 605, as shown in FIG. 6. The first and second nodes 601 and 603 may be any network devices or communication endpoints that are attached to the network 600 and capable of transmitting and / or receiving various signals, such as a base station or access node. Each of the first, second, and third apparatuses 602a, 602b, and 602c may be a UE or any suitable network device that is capable of passively reflecting signals. The first, second, and third apparatuses 602a, 602b, and 602c may be in a low power mode (e.g., extreme low power mode) . The passive object 605 is not a powered device or apparatus and may be considered an obstacle in the environment and contribute to background clutter. Non-limiting examples of the passive object 605 may be a building, a wall, or an object that is not of interest and does not carry any RF tag or the like.
[0161] According to embodiments, the method for facilitating operation in a low power mode may involve selecting a transmitting sensing node (Tx sensing node) and a receiving sensing node (Rx sensing node) based on information indicative of existence of the first, second, and third apparatuses 602a, 602b, and 602c in the network 600. In some embodiments, the information indicative of existence of the first, second, and third apparatuses 602a, 602b, and 602c in the network 600 may be obtained using a method of detecting an apparatus in a certain area (e.g., first level sensing) , and / or may include approximate locations of the first, second, and third apparatuses 602a, 602b, and 602c in the network 600. In the network 600, the first node 601 may be considered the Tx sensing node or Tx node, and the second node 603 may be considered the Rx sensing node or Rx node.
[0162] According to embodiments, the method for facilitating operation in a low power mode may also involve a sensing signal transmission by the Tx sensing node. In the network 600, the first node 601, as Tx sensing node, may transmit a first sensing signal in a direction of the first apparatus 602a, a second sensing signal in the directions of the second apparatus 602b, a third sensing signal in the direction of the third apparatus 602c, and a fourth sensing signal 640 in the direction of the passive object 605. Each sensing signal may include a plurality of LFM signals, each of which has a respective frequency change rate (e.g., chirp slope) to enhance efficiency of low power mode sensing. In some embodiments, each of the sensing signals 610 to 640 may be configured by a network side device in the network 600 (not shown in FIG. 6) , such as base station or any suitable module that is deeper in the network. In some embodiments, some or all of the sensing signals 610 to 640 may be pre-configured based on information defining sensing signals for the first node 601 (e.g., pre-configuration information mapped to sensing node identifier of the first node 601) . In some embodiments, some or all of the sensing signals 610 to 640 may be narrowband sensing signals. While the sensing signals 610 to 640 are described as four separate signals in FIG. 6 and paragraphs below, it may be noted that in some embodiments, the sensing signals 610 to 640 may be one signal (e.g., using beamforming) that covers a particular area in the network 600. In some embodiments, some or all of the sensing signals 610 to 640 may be different signals, for example as described in FIG. 6 and paragraphs below.
[0163] According to embodiments, the method for facilitating operation in a low power mode may also involve enabling passive reflection of a sensing signal by an apparatus that may be in low power mode, based on a reflection signature that is specific to that apparatus. In some embodiments, the reflection signature may be a passive reflection signature. The reflection signature may include a plurality of LFM-based signatures, each of which may have a respective frequency shift and a respective frequency change rate (e.g., chirp slope) . In the network 600, the first apparatus 602a may be enabled to reflect the first sensing signal 610 based on a passive reflection signature that is specifically designed for the first apparatus 602a. Similarly, the second apparatus 602b may be enabled to reflect the second sensing signal 620 based on a passive reflection signature that is specifically designed for the second apparatus 602b, and the third apparatus 602c may be enabled to reflect the third sensing signal 630 based on a passive reflection signature that is specifically designed for the second apparatus 602c. It is noted that the reflection of the first, second, and / or third sensing signals 610 to 630 may be considered in aspects of time and / or frequency domain attributes, as well as, or instead of the spatial domain characteristics.
[0164] There may be no reflection signature to be applied to a signal incident on the surface of the passive object 605. Put another way, the sensing signal incident on the surface of the passive object 605 may be reflected in any direction, depending on where on the surface of the passive object 605 is the fourth sensing signal 640 incident. Therefore, although FIG. 6 illustrates the fourth sensing signal 640 is incident on the surface of the passive object 605 and reflected toward the second node 603, this may not be always the case. However, in the example of FIG. 6, it is assumed that the fourth sensing signal 640 is reflected toward the second node 603. It is noted that the reflection of the fourth sensing signal 640 may be considered in aspects of time and / or frequency domain attributes, as well as, or instead of the spatial domain characteristics.
[0165] According to some embodiments, the method for facilitating operation in a low power mode may also involve efficient processing and receipt of the (passively) reflected sensing signals at the Rx sensing node. In the network 600, the second node 603, as Rx sensing node, may receive the first, second, and third sensing signals 610, 620, and 630 that are passively reflected by the first, second, and third apparatuses 602a, 602b, and 602c, respectively. The second node 603 may process the reflected sensing signals 610, 620, and 630, and obtain one or more sensing attributes (e.g., sensing parameters) of the first, second, and third apparatuses 602a, 602b, and 602c, based on the processed reflected sensing signals.
[0166] In some embodiments, the fourth sensing signal 640 reflected from the passive object 605 may be also processed by the second node 603, and the processed reflected fourth sensing signal 640 may be used for obtaining one or more sensing attributes of the first, second, and third apparatuses 602a, 602b, and 602c. In some embodiments, obtaining one or more sensing attributes of the first, second, and third apparatuses 602a, 602b, and 602c may include removing interference of the fourth sensing signal 640 reflected by the passive object 605 (e.g., filtering the reflected fourth sensing signal 640) .
[0167] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating, in a time-frequency coordinate system, an example sensing signal 700 transmitted by a Tx sensing node, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the sensing signal 700 may be similar to one of the sensing signals 610 to 640 transmitted by the first node 601 or may be a sensing signal that is transmitted by another Tx sensing node and is different from the sensing signals 610 to 640.
[0168] The sensing signal 700 may be expressed as a mathematical formula (1) shown below: s (t) = [exp (jπα1t2) , …, exp (jπαLt2) ] (1)
[0169] The sensing signal 700 may include a plurality of LFM-based signals (or FMCW-based signals) having frequency change rate vectors α= [α1, …, αL] , where αl denotes the frequency change rate vector (e.g., chirp slope) at the lth time slot.
[0170] Referring to FIG. 7, the sensing signal 700 may include signals 710, 720, 730, 740, 750, 760, 770, and 780, each of which may be an LFM-based or FMCW-based signal. The sensing signal 700 may be transmitted during the time period of [0 T] , and therefore the transmission time duration (transmission time period) of the sensing signal 700 may be T.
[0171] For the purpose of illustration of FIG. 7, the sensing signal has K=6 time slots over the time period of [0 T] . Therefore, the signal 710 is transmitted during the first time slot, the signal 720 and the signal 730 are transmitted during the second time slot, the signal 740 is transmitted during the third time slot, the signal 750 is transmitted during the fourth time slot, the signal 760 and the signal 770 are transmitted during the fifth time slot, and the signal 780 is transmitted during the sixth time slot. While K is indicated to be 6 with regard to FIG. 7, it should be understood that that K would be implementation specific. However, it should be noted that frequency change rate vector (e.g., chirp rate or chirp slope) of the signals transmitted within the same time slot may be the same. For example, the frequency change rate vectors of the signals 720 and 730, both of which are transmitted during the second time slot, may be the same.
[0172] Given that the frequency change rate vectors configured for the sensing signal 700 is α= [α1, …, αL] , where αl denotes the frequency change rate vector (e.g., chirp slope) at the lth time slot, the signal 710 has the frequency change rate vector α1 at the first time slot, and the signals 720 and 730 have the frequency change rate vector α2 at the second time slot. The signals 720 and 730 have the same frequency change rate vector α2 because these signals are transmitted within the same time slot. In other words, α1 is the frequency change rate vector at the first time slot configured for the signal 710, and α2 is the frequency change rate vector at the second time slot configured for the signals 720 and 730. The frequency change rate vector α1 and the frequency change rate vector α2 may be positive, as the signals 710 to 730 are increasing rate change signals. The change rate vectors α1 and α2 have different values, because the slope of the signal 710 and the slope of the signals 720 and 730 are different as is illustrated in FIG. 7.
[0173] In a similar manner, the signal 740 has the frequency change rate vector α3 at the third time slot, the signal 750 has the frequency change rate vector α4 at the fourth time slot, the signals 760 and 770 have the frequency change rate vector α5 at the fifth time slot, and the signal 780 has the frequency change rate vector α6 at the sixth time slot. The signals 760 and 770 have the same frequency change rate vector α5 because these signals are transmitted within the same time slot. Given that the signal 780 has an increasing rate change, α6 has a positive value. The value of change rate vector α6 may be same as or different from the values of α1 and α2, depending on whether the slope of the signal 780 is same as or different from the slopes of the signals 710 to 730. On the other hand, given that the signals 740, 760, and 770 have decreasing rate changes, α3 and α5 have negative values. The change rate vectors α3 and α5 have different negative values, because the slope of the signal 740 and the slope of the signals 760 and 770 are different as is illustrated in FIG. 7. As there is no change in frequency rate for the signal 750, α4 is zero.
[0174] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating, in a time-frequency coordinate system, an example of passive reflections of the sensing signal 800 performed by apparatuses, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0175] Referring to FIG. 8, the transmission time duration T of the sensing signal 800 may be divided into L time slots. Among the L time slots, only K time slots may be configured for the passive reflections of the sensing signal 800. As illustrated in FIG. 8, the K time slots configured for the passive reflection may be selected from the middle of the L time slots, in consideration of timing synchronization offset of the apparatuses that will perform the passive reflection. In other words, the K time slots configured for the passive reflection may be adjacent to neither ends of the L time slots. Instead, there may be one or more time slots 850 at both ends of the L time slots. Therefore, the passive reflection may not be performed in any time slots within the hatched area 850.
[0176] Each apparatus that performs the passive reflection may apply a respective reflection signature that is specifically designed for that apparatus, to reflect the sensing signal received from the Tx sensing node toward the Rx sensing node. The respective reflection signature may be a passive reflection signature and may be an LFM-based (or FMCW-based) signature.
[0177] The LFM-based (or FMCW-based) reflection signature may be modeled as the following mathematical formula (2) shown below. gi, k (t) =exp (j2πfi, kt+jπβi, kt2) (2)
[0178] Referring to the above formula (2) , i denotes the index of the apparatus (or one of the apparatuses) that performs the passive reflection, and k denotes a particular time slot index of a reflection signature (function) to be applied to the sensing signal. fi, k denotes a particular frequency shift at the kth time slot of the reflection signature (function) to be applied by the ith apparatus (i.e., apparatus having the index i) to the sensing signal as part of the passive reflection, and βi, k denotes a frequency change rate (or chirp slope) at the kth time slot of the reflection signature (function) to be applied by the ith apparatus to the sensing signal as part of the passive reflection.
[0179] Referring now to FIG. 8, the passive reflection signatures to be applied by the three apparatuses (e.g., apparatuses 602a, 602b, 602c in FIG. 6) to the sensing signal 800 are shown. Each of boxes 810, 820, and 830 contains a respective reflection signature that the respective apparatus applies to the sensing signal 800 at a respective time slot.
[0180] Each (slanted) line in the boxes 810 is indicative of a first reflection signature (e.g., LFM-based or FMCW-based reflection signature) that may be applied at a respective time slot by a first apparatus to the sensing signal 800 for reflection of the sensing signal 800. The respective time slot is one of the K time slots that may be configured for the passive reflection and selected from the middle of the L time slots. The slope of the (slanted) line in each box 810 may be indicative of the frequency change rate of the first reflection signature at the respective time slot (e.g., βi, k in the mathematical formula (2) shown above) . The values of each of f1, f2, and f3 may be indicative of frequency shift values (or shift frequencies) of the reflection signature by the first apparatus for the respective time slots. Specifically, in a first time slot, the frequency shift value of the first reflection signature is f1, in a second time slot, the frequency shift value of the first reflection signature is f2, and in a third time slot, the frequency shift value of the first reflection signature is f3. The sensing signal 800 in respective time slots may be shifted for example by the frequency shift values f1, f2, or f3 of the first reflection signature after the sensing signal 800 is reflected or redirected by the first apparatus. The frequency change rate of the first reflection signature (e.g., slope of the (slanted) line in each box 810) also provides an additional variation of the frequency over time of the sensing signal 800 in each time slot, when the sensing signal 800 is reflected by the first apparatus.
[0181] Similarly, each (slanted) line in the boxes 820 is indicative of a second reflection signature (e.g., LFM-based or FMCW-based reflection signature) that may be applied at a respective time slot by a second apparatus to the sensing signal 800 for reflection of the sensing signal 800. The respective time slot is one of the K time slots that may be configured for the passive reflection and selected from the middle of the L time slots. The slope of the (slanted) line in each box 820 may be indicative of the frequency change rate of the second reflection signature at the respective time slot (e.g., βi, k in the mathematical formula (2) shown above) . The values of each of f1, f2, and f3 may be indicative of frequency shift values (or shift frequencies) of the reflection signature by the second apparatus for the respective time slots. Specifically, in a first time slot, the frequency shift value of the second reflection signature is f2, in a second time slot, the frequency shift value of the second reflection signature is f3, and in a third time slot, the frequency shift value of the second reflection signature is f1. The sensing signal 800 in respective time slots may be shifted for example by the frequency shift values f2, f3, f1 of the second reflection signature after the sensing signal 800 is reflected or redirected by the second apparatus. The frequency change rate of the second reflection signature (e.g., slope of the (slanted) line in each box 820) also provides an additional variation of the frequency over time of the sensing signal 800 in each time slot, when the sensing signal 800 is reflected by the second apparatus.
[0182] Similarly, each (slanted) line in the boxes 830 is indicative of a third reflection signature (e.g., LFM-based or FMCW-based reflection signature) that may be applied at a respective time slot by a third apparatus to the sensing signal 800 for reflection of the sensing signal 800. The respective time slot is one of the K time slots that may be configured for the passive reflection and selected from the middle of the L time slots. The slope of the (slanted) line in each box 830 may be indicative of the frequency change rate of the third reflection signature at the respective time slot (e.g., βi, k in the mathematical formula (2) shown above) . The values of each of f1, f2, and f3 may be indicative of frequency shift values (or shift frequencies) of the reflection signature by the third apparatus for the respective time slots. Specifically, in a first time slot, the frequency shift valueof the third reflection signature is f3, in a second time slot, the frequency shift value of the third reflection signature is f1, and in a third time slot, the frequency shift value of the third reflection signature is f2. The sensing signal 800 in respective time slots may be shifted for example by the frequency shift values f3, f1, f2 of the third reflection signature after the sensing signal 800 is reflected or redirected by the third apparatus. The frequency change rate of the third reflection signature (e.g., slope of the (slanted) line in each box 830) also provides an additional variation of the frequency over time of the sensing signal 800 in each time slot, when the sensing signal 800 is reflected by the third apparatus.
[0183] The misalignment between the vertical time gridlines 805 and the leftmost lines of the boxes 810, 820, and 830 is indicative of timing offset between apparatuses reflecting the sensing signal 800 (e.g., apparatuses 602a, 602b, 602c in FIG. 6) and the network at respective time slots. The leftmost line of each of the boxes 810, 820, and 830 may be indicative of the start time of the reflection signature to be applied by the respective apparatus (e.g., ith apparatus) at the respective time slot (e.g., kth time slot) .
[0184] The hatched areas 850 in FIG. 8 are indicative of portions of the sensing signal 800 in which no reflection signature may be applied by apparatuses reflecting the sensing signal 800 (e.g., apparatuses 602a, 602b, 602c in FIG. 6) . The hatched areas 850 may be located at the beginning and the end of transmission period T of the sensing signal 800, as illustrated in FIG. 8. In other words, the portions of the sensing signal 800, for example the beginning and the end of the sensing signal 800, may be unmodified. This may allow for the timing synchronization offset between the apparatuses reflecting the sensing signal 800 and the network, and therefore ensures the reflection signature is applied by each apparatus to the sensing signal during the transmission time period T of the sensing signal 800 (e.g., within the time period of [0 T] illustrated in FIG. 8) . Moreover, unmodified portions of the sensing signal 800 may enable the Rx sensing node to estimate one or more sensing parameters of the background clutter which may be used in suppressing the interference to improve the sensing detection over the K time slots that may be configured for the passive reflection at the apparatuses.
[0185] As noted above and illustrated in FIG. 8, various frequency change rates and frequency shifts may be used when applying reflection signatures to the sensing signal 800. The use of various frequency change rates and frequency shifts may be advantageous because it may provide at least some degree of freedom for distinguishing potentially low-power mode apparatuses in the same region (or nearby regions) , provide sufficient data for estimating sensing parameters (e.g., enough number of equations used for estimation of sensing parameters) , and enable exploitation of the bandwidth splicing / fusion in the frequency domain. Some of these advantageous effects may be more apparent in connection with explanation and description provided below and related drawings in the present disclosure.
[0186] Some aspects of the present disclosure pertain to estimating various sensing parameters associated with apparatuses that reflect the sensing signals and apply the reflection signature for reflection of the sensing signals. The one or more sensing parameters associated with such apparatuses may be estimated by an Rx sensing node, such as the second node 603 illustrated in FIG. 6.
[0187] The one or more sensing parameters that may be estimated by the Rx sensing node may include one or more of:
[0188] · an angle of arrival (AoA) at the Rx sensing node of the reflected sensing signal by the apparatus;
[0189] · a time delay indicative of a time of flight of the sensing signal from the Tx sensing node to the Rx sensing node via the apparatus reflecting the sensing signal;
[0190] · a timing offset of the apparatus reflecting the sensing signal in relation to the Tx sensing node or in relation to the Rx sensing node; and
[0191] · a radial Doppler for the apparatus reflecting the sensing signal.
[0192] Estimation of the sensing parameters will be further illustrated below with reference to FIG. 9.
[0193] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a portion of a communication network 600 from FIG. 6 being used to illustrate an example of estimating one or more sensing parameters associated with the apparatuses 602a, 602b, and 602c, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The communication network 600 and all of the elements therein are explained above or elsewhere in the present disclosure, and therefore no further explanation about the apparatuses 602a, 602, and 602c, nodes 601 and 603, and / or passive object 605 is provided here.
[0194] Referring to FIG. 9, θ1 may be indicative of an AoA at the second node 603 of the sensing signal 610 reflected by the first apparatus 602a. The value of θ1 may be obtained based on an angle of the beamformed antenna of the second node 603 that receives a maximum power of the reflected sensing signal 610. Similarly, θ2 may be indicative of an AoA at the second node 603 of the sensing signal 620 reflected by the second apparatus 602b. The value of θ2 may be obtained based on an angle of the beamformed antenna of the second node 603 that receives a maximum power of the reflected sensing signal 620. Similarly, θ3 may be indicative of an AoA at the second node 603 of the sensing signal 630 reflected by the third apparatus 602c. The value of θ3 may be obtained based on an angle of the beamformed antenna of the second node 603 that receives a maximum power of the reflected sensing signal 630. θ0 may be indicative of an AoA at the second node 603 of the sensing signal 640 reflected by the passive object 605. The value of θ0 may be obtained based on an angle of the beamformed antenna of the second node 603 that receives the reflected sensing signal 640.
[0195] The parameter τ1, 1 may be indicative of the time of flight of the sensing signal 610 from the first node 601 to the first apparatus 602a, and τ2, 1 the time of flight of the sensing signal from the first apparatus 602a to the second node 603. Similarly, τ1, 2 may be indicative of the time of flight of the sensing signal 620 from the first node 601 to the second apparatus 602b, and τ2, 2 the time of flight of the sensing signal from the second apparatus 602b to the second node 603. Similarly, τ1, 3 may be indicative of the time of flight of the sensing signal 630 from the first node 601 to the third apparatus 602c, and τ2, 3 the time of flight of the sensing signal from the third apparatus 602c to the second node 603. τ1, 0 may be indicative of the time of flight of the sensing signal 640 from the first node 601 to the passive object 605 and τ2, 0 the time of flight of the sensing signal from the passive object 605 to the second node 603.
[0196] One or more sensing parameters, such as those enumerated above, may be estimated by the second node 603 from the sensing signals reflected from the apparatuses 602a, 602b, and / or 602c. The estimation of the sensing parameters may be performed based on at least one of: the specific designs of the sensing signals transmitted from the first node 601, specific reflection parameters used for reflection of the sensing signals (e.g., specific parameters of the reflection signatures applied by the apparatuses 602a, 602b, and / or 602c to the sensing signals) , or specific processing of reflected sensing signals at the second node 603. The design of a certain sensing signal transmitted from the first node may be defined based on one or more parameters, such as a particular frequency change rate vector (e.g., chirp slope) at a particular time slot configured for the sensing signals. The specific reflection parameters used for reflection of a certain sensing signal may include, for example, a particular frequency shifts to be applied to at a particular time slot of a reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal, and / or a frequency change rate to be applied to at a particular time slot of a reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal for the reflection of the sensing signal.
[0197] In some embodiments, the sensing signals received by the second node 603 at the kth time slot may be expressed as a mathematical formula (3) shown below:
[0198] In the above mathematical formula (3) :
[0199] · θi may be indicative of an AoA at the second node 603 (Rx sensing node) of the sensing signal reflected by the ith apparatus (e.g., apparatus having the index i; apparatus 602a, 602b, or 602c) .
[0200] · γi is the reflection coefficient corresponding to the passive sensing signal reflection performed by ith apparatus.
[0201] · τi is the total time of flight of the sensing signal from the first node 601 to the second node 603 over the ith apparatus. It may be noted that the total time of flight of the sensing signal (τi) may be sum of the time of flight of the sensing signal from the first node 601 to the ith apparatus (τ1, i) and the time of flight of the sensing signal from the ith apparatus (τ2, i) to the second node 603 (e.g., τi=τ1, i+τ2, i) .
[0202] · to, i may be indicative of a timing offset of the ith apparatus in relation to the first node 601 or the second node 603 with additional signaling.
[0203] · fD, i may be indicative of a radial Doppler for the ith apparatus.
[0204] · may represent a sensing signal reflection from passive object 605 (background clutter) which is not related to any passive reflection signature (e.g., the sensing signal 640 is reflected at the passive object 605 without applying any passive reflection signature) .
[0205] · w (t) may represent Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) .
[0206] Among the parameters presented in the above mathematical formula (3) , the sensing parameters to be estimated by the second node 603 may include at least one of θi, fD, i, τi, or to, i.
[0207] The reflected sensing signal that is received by the second node 603 may be processed, for example, by de-chirping using apparatus-specific frequency change rate (e.g., chirp rates) at the second node 603 (e.g., multiplying the received signal by exp (-jπ (αk+βk, i) t2) ) , and applying filtering using a particular frequency shift (fi, k) at the kth time slot of a reflection signature applied by the ith apparatus to the sensing signal. After the received sensing signal being processed, the signals reflected by other apparatuses (e.g., apparatuses different from the ith apparatus) and the reflection from passive object 605 may be removed from the sensing signals received by the second node 603. Such signal may be expressed as the mathematical formula (4) shown below:
[0208] The mathematical formula (4) may be rewritten as the mathematical formula (5) as shown below:
[0209] where ωk, i=fD, i-αkτi-βk, i (τ2, i+to, i) , which is the aggregate beat frequency to be estimated, and ηk, i=|γi|exp (jφk, i) . The estimation of ηk, i is not a focus of the present disclosure, therefore the details are omitted herein.
[0210] In some embodiments, obtaining or estimating the sensing parameters may involve obtaining values of two parameters ωk, i and θi in an iterative fashion. The objective function for obtaining the values of these parameters may include the Kronecker product of two exponentials, one in the frequency domain and the other in the spatial domain, which may be solved by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and bi-sectioning in both frequency and spatial domains.
[0211] Then, the sensing parameters fD, i, τi, to, i may be estimated from the estimated set over different time slots Given that there are three (3) unknown sensing parameters to be estimated, the values of the sensing parameters fD, i, τi, and to, i may be estimated using the K equations derived from the estimated set over different time slots if K is equal to or greater than three (3) .
[0212] It is noted that the K equations derived from detection of may need to be independent from each other. For example, the coefficient of the parameters may differ from slot to slot, i.e., αk (a frequency change rate vector at the kth time slot applied to the sensing signal at the first node 601) and βk, i (a frequency change rate at the kth time slot of the reflection signature applied by the ith apparatus to the sensing signal) vary from time slot to time slot, because, otherwise, there may not be a sufficient number of independent equations to estimate parameters fD, i, τi, to, i from detection of
[0213] It is also noted that the values of to, i and τ2, i may not be estimated independently, because their coefficient (βk, i) is the same. However, in the present disclosure, it is assumed that τ2, i+to, i≈ to, i because τ2, i<αkto, i.
[0214] In some embodiments, upon obtaining the estimated value of sensing parameters θi, fD, i, τi, to, i, a network side device (e.g., BS or any suitable module that is deeper in the network, not shown in FIG. 6) , the Tx sensing node (e.g., first node 601) , and / or Rx sensing node (e.g., second node 603) may be able to some information associated with the apparatuses reflecting the sensing signal, such as channel subspaces of the apparatuses, location of the apparatuses, and / or movements (e.g., direction, speed) of the apparatuses. In one example, a channel subspace of the apparatus i may be determined based on the dominant AoA, θi, of the sensing signal reflected by the apparatus i at the Rx sensing node. In consideration of the line of sight (LOS) between the apparatus i to the Rx sensing node, there would be one dominant AoA at the Rx sensing node for sensing signals reflected by the apparatus i. In another example, a location of the apparatus i may be determined based on θi and time delay of the sensing signal reflected by the apparatus i (τ2, i or τi=τ1, i+ τ2, i) . In another example, movement of the apparatus i may be determined based on a radial Doppler for the apparatus i (fD, i) .
[0215] Some aspects of the present disclosure pertain to repeated use of the same coefficient values over different time slots and the fusion (or combination) of the (sensing) signal portions configured with the same coefficient values. One example is illustrated in FIG. 10.
[0216] As noted above, the estimated value of the sensing parameters fD, i, τi, and to, i, may be obtained from ωk, i=fD, i-αkτi-βk, i (τ2, i+to, i) . For that, some degree of diversity may be needed for the values of coefficients αk and βk, i. In other words, there may need to be at least three (3) values of ωk, i in order to estimate all three (3) sensing parameters of interest.
[0217] On the other hand, if the reflection signature (e.g., LFM-based or FMCW-based reflection signature described above and in FIG. 8) used for reflection of the sensing signal is configured such that more than three (3) time slots (or more than the number of sensing parameters of interest to be estimated) are configured for the passive reflections of the sensing signal, then coefficients (or configuration parameters) and in some time slots may be the same, for example as illustrated in FIG. 10.
[0218] Referring to FIG. 10, the time slots that have the same pattern have the same coefficient values. For example, the frequency change rates at the time slots 1001, 1004, and 1007 of the reflection signature applied by the apparatus to the sensing signal may have the same value βK, 1. The frequency change rates at the time slots 1002, 1005, and 1008 of the reflection signature applied by the apparatus to the sensing signal may have the same value βK, 2, and the frequency change rates at the time slots 1003, 1006, and 1009 of the reflection signature applied by the apparatus to the sensing signal may have the same value βK, 3.
[0219] A similar pattern of reflection signatures applies to the apparatus 1010 and the Tx sensing node 1020. For the apparatus 1010, the frequency change rate at the time slots 1011, 1014, and 1017 may have the same frequency change rate βK, 1, the frequency change rate at the time slots 1012, 1015, and 1018 may have the same frequency change rate βK, 2, and the frequency change rate at the time slots 1013, 1016, and 1019 may have the same frequency change rate βK, 3. For the Tx sensing node 1020, the frequency change rates (or frequency change rate vectors) at the time slots 1021, 1024, and 1027 configured for the sensing signal transmitted by the Tx sensing node 1020 may have the same value α1. Similarly, the frequency change rates (or frequency change rate vectors) at the time slots 1022, 1025, and 1028 configured for the sensing signal transmitted by the Tx sensing node 1020 may have the same value α2, and the frequency change rates (or frequency change rate vectors) at the time slots 1023, 1026, and 1029 configured for the sensing signal transmitted by the Tx sensing node 1020 may have the same value α3.
[0220] The portions of the sensing signal received at the Rx sensing node that correspond to the time slots having the same coefficient value (e.g., time slots having the same pattern in FIG. 10) may be combinable (or fusable) and may be combined or fused to thereby improve the resolution (or reliability) of the sensing parameter estimation. If the sensing parameters (fD, i,τi, to, i) to be estimated are not changed over the entire transmission period of the sensing signal, the resolution (or reliability) of the sensing parameter estimation may be improved based on the fact the variables ωk, i are the same over several time slots.
[0221] To implement the repeated use of the same coefficient values over different time slots and the fusion (or combination) of the signal portions configured with the same coefficient values, in some embodiments, a parameter relating to time slot group having the same coefficients αk and βk, i may be defined. For example, a time slot group m having the same coefficients αk and βk, i may be denoted as ξm= {ξm, 1, …ξm, |ξm|} . Then, in the case of the ith apparatus, for all k∈ξm, the sensing signal received and processed by the Rx sensing node at the kth time slot may be all corresponding to the same beat frequency ωm, i. In other words, all the received signals may be combined or fused to improve the resolution of the estimation of ωm, i.
[0222] In some embodiments, the time slot groups may be the same for all apparatuses.
[0223] If the Rx sensing node is able to combine or fuse the received sensing signals, then the network (e.g., a base station or any suitable module that is deeper in the network) may transmit, to a Tx sensing node and reflecting apparatuses, an indication of this ability of the Rx sensing node. Such indication may be included in the configuration signaling in the beginning of the protocol. In this way, the Tx sensing node and reflecting apparatuses may use a mapping that creates configuration information for repeated use of the same coefficients in different time slots.
[0224] FIG. 11 is a signal flow diagram illustrating an example method 1100 for facilitating operation in a low power mode in a wireless communication network where a sensing configuration node 1104 configuring reflection parameters and one or more sensing signal is different from a Tx node 1101, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. Other elements in the wireless communication network include reflecting node 1102 and Rx node 1103.
[0225] The example method 1100 is comprised of steps 1110, 1115, 1120, 1125, 1130, 1135, 1140, 1145, 1150, 1155, 1160, and 1165. Some of these steps may be optional. It should be understood that, in some implementations, the order of one or more steps 1110, 1115, 1120, 1125, 1130, 1135, 1140, 1145, 1150, 1155, 1160, and 1165 may be changed.
[0226] In some embodiments, the Tx node 1101 shown in FIG. 11 may be similar to the first node 601 illustrated in FIGs. 6 and 9, the reflecting node 1102 shown in FIG. 11 may be similar to the apparatuses 602a-c illustrated in FIGs. 6 and 9, and the Rx node 1103 shown in FIG. 11 may be similar to the second node 603 illustrated in FIGs. 6 and 9. The sensing configuration node 1104 shown in FIG. 11 may be a base station or any other suitable network side device, any suitable module that is deeper in the network, or an element thereof.
[0227] In the example method 1100 illustrated in FIG. 11, the Tx node 1101 may be a Tx sensing node that may transmit a sensing signal to the reflecting node 1102, and the Rx node 1103 may be an Rx sensing node that may receive a sensing signal reflected by the reflecting node 1102.
[0228] In some embodiments, the sensing signal may include a plurality of linear frequency modulation (LFM) based or frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) based signals, each of which may have a respective frequency change rate at a respective time slot.
[0229] At step 1110, the sensing configuration node 1104 may transmit, to the reflecting node 1102, configuration information including one or more reflection parameters to be used for reflecting, by the reflecting node 1102, a sensing signal transmitted from the Tx node 1101. The sensing signal reflected by the reflecting node 1102 may be used for estimating one or more sensing parameters associated with the reflecting node 1102. In some embodiments, the one or more reflection parameters transmitted to the reflecting node 1102 may be specific to the reflecting node 1102.
[0230] At step 1115, the sensing configuration node 1104 may select the Tx node 1101 as the Tx node to be assigned to transmit the sensing signal. In some embodiments, the sensing configuration node 1104 may select the Tx node 1101, based on information indicative of existence of the reflecting node 1102 in an environment, the Tx node 1101 from a group of one or more nodes that are capable of transmitting the sensing signal to the reflecting node 1102.
[0231] At step 1120, the sensing configuration node 1104 may transmit, to the Tx node 1101, an indication for assignment of transmission of the sensing signal. In some embodiments, the indication for assignment of transmission of the sensing signal is included in a downlink control information (DCI) . In some embodiments, the indication for assignment of transmission of the sensing signal may be included in a higher layer signaling like radio resource control (RRC) or media access control –control element (MAC-CE) .
[0232] At step 1125, the sensing configuration node 1104 may select the Rx node 1103 as the Rx node to be assigned to receive the sensing signal. In some embodiments, the sensing configuration node 1104 may select, based on the information indicative of existence of the reflecting node 1102 in an environment, the Rx node 1103 from a group of one or more nodes that are capable of receiving the sensing signal from the reflecting node 1102.
[0233] At step 1130, the sensing configuration node 1104 may transmit, to the Rx node 1103, an indication for assignment of receipt of the sensing signal. In some embodiments, the indication for assignment of receipt of the sensing signal may be included in a downlink control information (DCI) . In some embodiments, the indication for assignment of receipt of the sensing signal may be included in a higher layer signaling like RRC or MAC-CE.
[0234] At step 1135, the sensing configuration node 1104 may transmit, to the Tx node 1101 and / or Rx node 1103, configuration information including one or more parameters defining the sensing signal. In some embodiments, the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal may be transmitted to the Tx node 1101 and / or Rx node 1103 via control signaling (e.g., DCI, RRC) .
[0235] In some embodiments, the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal may include a frequency change rate vector in a respective time slot configured for the sensing signal (e.g., αk) .
[0236] In some embodiments, the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal may include information indicative of a first time slot group that comprises one or more time slots in which one or more coefficients used for configuration of the sensing signal are the same. In some embodiments, the information indicative of the first time slot group may include a parameter relating to the time slot group having the same coefficient (e.g., αk) for the sensing signal to be transmitted by the Tx node 1101.
[0237] At step 1140, the sensing configuration node 1104 may transmit, to the Rx node 1103, configuration information including the one or more reflection parameters to be used for reflection of the sensing signal. In some embodiments, the one or more reflection parameters may be transmitted to the Rx node 1103 via control signaling (e.g., DCI, RRC) . In some embodiments, the one or more reflection parameters transmitted to the Rx node 1103 may be specific to the reflecting node 1102.
[0238] In some embodiments, the one or more reflection parameters may include at least one of: a particular frequency shift at a particular time slot of a reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal for reflection of the sensing signal (e.g., fi, k) , or a frequency change rate at the particular time slot of the reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal for the reflection of the sensing signal (e.g., βi, k) .
[0239] In some embodiments, the one or more reflection parameters may include information indicative of a second time slot group that comprises one or more time slots in which one or more coefficients used for the reflection of the sensing signal are same. In some embodiments, the information indicative of the second time slot group may include a parameter relating to the time slot group having the same coefficient (e.g., βk, i) for the sensing signal reflected by the reflecting node 1102.
[0240] In some embodiments, a first time slot of the sensing signal reflected by the reflecting node 1102 and a second time slot of the sensing signal reflected by another reflecting node (not shown in FIG. 11) may be combined for the estimation of the one or more sensing parameters, where the first and second time slots are included in the second time slot group.
[0241] In some embodiments, the sensing configuration node 1104 may transmit, to the Rx node 1103, the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal and the one or more reflection parameters, separately, using different signals, as illustrated in FIG. 11. On the other hand, in some embodiments, the sensing configuration node 1104 may transmit, to the Rx node 1103, the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal and the one or more reflection parameters together. In some embodiments, regardless of the manner of transmission, the parameters may be included, for example, in certain configuration information.
[0242] At step 1145, the Tx node 1101 may transmit, to the reflecting node 1102, the sensing signal based on the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal. As noted above, in some embodiments, the sensing signal may include a plurality of LFM-based or FMCW-based signals, each of which may have a respective frequency change rate at a respective time slot.
[0243] At step 1150, the reflecting node 1102 may apply the one or more reflection parameters to the sensing signal received from the Tx node 1101. In some embodiments, the one or more reflection parameters applied by the reflecting node 1102 to the sensing signal may be specific to the reflecting node 1102. In some embodiments, applying the one or more reflection parameters to the sensing signal may be considered applying the reflection signature that includes the one or more reflection parameters to the sensing signal.
[0244] At step 1155, the reflecting node 1102 reflects or redirects, toward the Rx node 1103, the sensing signal based on the one or more reflection parameters.
[0245] It should be noted that while steps 1150 and 1155 are separated for the purpose of illustration, steps 1150 and 1155 may be considered one step, as the reflecting node 1102 may reflect the sensing signal by applying the one or more reflection parameters to the sensing signal.
[0246] At step 1160, the Rx node 1103 may estimate the one or more sensing parameters. In some embodiments, the Rx node 1103 may process the sensing signal reflected by the reflecting node 1102 based on the one or more reflection parameters, and obtain estimated values of the one or more sensing parameters from the processed sensing signal.
[0247] In some embodiments, the one or more sensing parameters that are estimated by the Rx node 1103 may include at least one of: an angle of arrival (AoA) (e.g., θi) of the sensing signal reflected by the reflecting node 1102 at the Rx node 1103, a time delay (e.g., τi) indicative of a time of flight of the sensing signal from the Tx node 1101 to the Rx node 1103 via the reflecting node 1102, a timing offset (e.g., to, i) of the reflecting node 1102 in relation to the Tx node 1101 or the Rx node 1103, or a radial Doppler (e.g., fD, i) for the reflecting node 1102.
[0248] At step 1165, the Rx node 1103 may transmit, to the sensing configuration node 1104, information indicating estimated values of the one or more sensing parameters.
[0249] In some embodiments, the sensing configuration node 1104 may estimate, based on the one or more sensing parameters received from the Rx node 1103, one or more of a location of the reflecting node 1102 or movement of the reflecting node 1102.
[0250] In some embodiments, the Rx node 1103 may estimate, based on the one or more sensing parameters that the Rx node 1103 estimated at step 1160, one or more of a location of the reflecting node 1102 or movement of the reflecting node 1102 as opposed to, or in addition to, the sensing configuration node 1104 performing the estimate.
[0251] FIG. 12 is a signal flow diagram illustrating an example method 1200 for facilitating operation in a low power mode in a wireless communication network where a sensing configuration node 1201 configures reflection parameters for a sensing signal and transmits the sensing signal to a reflecting node 1202, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. Another element in the wireless communication network is Rx node 1203.
[0252] The example method 1200 is comprised of steps 1210, 1220, 1230, 1240, 1250, 1260, 1270, 1280, and 1290. Some of these steps may be optional. It should be understood that, in some implementations, the order of one or more steps 1210, 1220, 1230, 1240, 1250, 1260, 1270, 1280, and 1290 may be changed.
[0253] In some embodiments, the sensing configuration node 1201 shown in FIG. 12 may be a base station or any other suitable network side device, or an element thereof. The sensing configuration node 1201 may be also similar to the first node 601 illustrated in FIGs. 6 and 9, in that the sensing configuration node 1201 is capable of transmitting a sensing signal to a reflecting node 1202. Put another way, the sensing configuration node 1201 may be considered a combination of the sensing configuration node 1104 of FIG. 11 and the Tx node 1101 of FIG. 11 (or the first node 601 of FIGs. 6 and 9) . The reflecting node 1202 shown in FIG. 12 may be similar to the apparatuses 602a-c illustrated in FIGs. 6 and 9, and the Rx node 1203 shown in FIG. 12 may be similar to the second node 603 illustrated in FIGs. 6 and 9.
[0254] In the example method 1200 illustrated in FIG. 12, the sensing configuration node 1201 may act as a Tx sensing node that may transmit a sensing signal to the reflecting node 1202, and the Rx node 1203 may be an Rx sensing node that may receive a sensing signal reflected by the reflecting node 1202.
[0255] In some embodiments, the sensing signal may include a plurality of LFM-based or FMCW-based signals, each of which may have a respective frequency change rate at a respective time slot.
[0256] At step 1210, the sensing configuration node 1201 may transmit, to the reflecting node 1202, one or more reflection parameters to be used for reflecting, by the reflecting node 1202, a sensing signal that will be transmitted by the sensing configuration node 1201. The sensing signal reflected by the reflecting node 1202 may be used for estimating one or more sensing parameters associated with the reflecting node 1202. In some embodiments, the one or more reflection parameters transmitted to the reflecting node 1202 may be specific to the reflecting node 1202.
[0257] At step 1220, the sensing configuration node 1201 may select the Rx node 1203 as the Rx node to be assigned to receive the sensing signal. In some embodiments, the sensing configuration node 1201 may select, based on the information indicative of existence of the reflecting node 1202 in an environment, the Rx node 1203 from a group of one or more nodes that are capable of receiving the sensing signal from the reflecting node 1202.
[0258] At step 1230, the sensing configuration node 1201 may transmit, to the Rx node 1203, an indication for assignment of receipt of the sensing signal. In some embodiments, the indication for assignment of receipt of the sensing signal may be included in a downlink control information (DCI) . In some embodiments, the indication for assignment of receipt of the sensing signal may be included in a higher layer signaling like RRC or MAC-CE.
[0259] At step 1240, the sensing configuration node 1201 may transmit, to the Rx node 1203, configuration information including at least one of: the one or more reflection parameters to be used for reflection of the sensing signal, or one or more parameters defining the sensing signal. In some embodiments, the configuration information may be transmitted to the Rx node 1103 via control signaling (e.g., DCI, RRC) .
[0260] In some embodiments, the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal may include a frequency change rate vector in a respective time slot configured for the sensing signal (e.g., αk) .
[0261] In some embodiments, the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal may include information indicative of a first time slot group that comprises one or more time slots in which one or more coefficients used for configuration of the sensing signal are the same. In some embodiments, the information indicative of the first time slot group may include a parameter relating to the time slot group having the same coefficient (e.g., αk) for the sensing signal to be transmitted by the sensing configuration node 1201.
[0262] In some embodiments, the one or more reflection parameters transmitted to the Rx node 1203 may be specific to the reflecting node 1202.
[0263] In some embodiments, the one or more reflection parameters may include at least one of: a particular frequency shift at a particular time slot of a reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal for reflection of the sensing signal (e.g., fi, k) , or a frequency change rate at the particular time slot of the reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal for the reflection of the sensing signal (e.g., βi, k) .
[0264] In some embodiments, the one or more reflection parameters may include the one or more reflection parameters may include information indicative of a second time slot group that comprises one or more time slots in which one or more coefficients used for the reflection of the sensing signal are same. In some embodiments, the information indicative of the second time slot group may include a parameter relating to the time slot group having the same coefficient (e.g., βk, i) for the sensing signal reflected by the reflecting node 1202.
[0265] In some embodiments, a first time slot of the sensing signal reflected by the reflecting node 1202 and a second time slot of the sensing signal reflected by another reflecting node (not shown in FIG. 12) may be combined for the estimation of the one or more sensing parameters, where the first and second time slots are included in the second time slot group.
[0266] While FIG. 12 illustrates that the sensing configuration node 1201 transmits the configuration information to the Rx node 1203 at one time, the sensing configuration node 1201 may separately transmit the one or more reflection parameters and the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal, for example using different signals.
[0267] At step 1250, the sensing configuration node 1201 may transmit, to the reflecting node 1202, the sensing signal based on the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal. As noted above, in some embodiments, the sensing signal may include a plurality of LFM-based or FMCW-based signals, each of which may have a respective frequency change rate at a respective time slot.
[0268] At step 1260, the reflecting node 1202 may apply the one or more reflection parameters to the sensing signal received from the sensing configuration node 1201. In some embodiments, the one or more reflection parameters applied by the reflecting node 1202 to the sensing signal may be specific to the reflecting node 1202. In some embodiments, applying the one or more reflection parameters to the sensing signal may be considered applying the reflection signature that includes the one or more reflection parameters to the sensing signal.
[0269] At step 1270, the reflecting node 1202 may reflect or redirect, toward the Rx node 1203, the sensing signal based on the one or more reflection parameters.
[0270] It should be noted that while steps 1260 and 1270 are separated for the purpose of illustration, steps 1260 and 1270 may be considered one step, as the reflecting node 1202 may reflect the sensing signal by applying the one or more reflection parameters to the sensing signal.
[0271] At step 1280, the Rx node 1203 may estimate the one or more sensing parameters. In some embodiments, the Rx node 1203 may process the sensing signal reflected by the reflecting node 1202 based on the one or more reflection parameters, and obtain estimated values of the one or more sensing parameters from the processed sensing signal.
[0272] In some embodiments, the one or more sensing parameters that are estimated by the Rx node 1203 may include at least one of: an angle of arrival (AoA) (e.g., θi) of the sensing signal reflected by the reflecting node 1202 at the Rx node 1203, a time delay (e.g., τi) indicative of a time of flight of the sensing signal from the sensing configuration node 1201 to the Rx node 1203 via the reflecting node 1202, a timing offset (e.g., to, i) of the reflecting node 1202 in relation to the sensing configuration node 1201 or the Rx node 1203, or a radial Doppler (e.g., fD, i) for the reflecting node 1202.
[0273] At step 1290, the Rx node 1203 may transmit, to the sensing configuration node 1201, information indicating estimated values of the one or more sensing parameters.
[0274] In some embodiments, the sensing configuration node 1201 may estimate, based on the one or more sensing parameters received from the Rx node 1203, one or more of a location of the reflecting node 1202 or movement of the reflecting node 1202.
[0275] In some embodiments, the Rx node 1203 may estimate, based on the one or more sensing parameters that the Rx node 1203 estimated at step 1280, one or more of a location of the reflecting node 1202 or movement of the reflecting node 1202, as opposed to, or in addition to, the sensing configuration node 1201 performing the estimate.
[0276] Compared to the method illustrated in FIG. 11 where a sensing configuration node 1104 configures reflection parameters and a sensing signal and a Tx node 1101 transmits the sensing signal to a reflecting node 1102 that reflects the sensing signal, the method illustrated in FIG. 12 covers a case where one node (i.e., sensing configuration node 1201) configures reflection parameters and sensing signal and also transmits a sensing signal to the reflecting node 1202 that reflects the sensing signal. In other words, the sensing configuration node 1201 may be considered a combination of the sensing configuration node 1104 and the Tx node 1101, and therefore any signaling between the sensing configuration node 1104 and the Tx node 1101 in FIG. 11 is removed in the signal flow diagram shown in FIG. 12. What was performed by the sensing configuration node 1104 and the Tx node 1101 is performed by the sensing configuration node 1201, except any signaling between the sensing configuration node 1104 and the Tx node 1101 and an assignment of the Tx node 1101 because the sensing configuration node 1201 is considered a node that combines the sensing configuration node 1104 and the Tx node 1101.
[0277] Similarly, but in a manner opposite to FIG. 12, there may be a case where there is a node that configures reflection parameters and sensing signal and also receives a sensing signal reflected by a reflecting node. (This node will be referred to as the “configuring and receiving node” for the purpose of illustration. ) In other words, the configuring and receiving node may be considered a combination of the sensing configuration node 1104 and the Rx node 1103. In such case, compared to the signal flow diagram illustrated in FIG. 11, the configuring and receiving node performs what was performed by the sensing configuration node 1104 and the Tx node 1101, except any signaling between the sensing configuration node 1104 and the Rx node 1103 and an assignment of the Rx node 1103 because the configuring and receiving node is considered a combination of the sensing configuration node 1104 and the Rx node 1103. There will be no signaling that is similar to signaling between the sensing configuration node 1104 and the Rx node 1103 shown in FIG. 11. However, it should be noted that there is a separate Tx node (e.g., a node similar to the Tx node 1101) that transmits a sensing signal to the reflecting node. Therefore, steps related to the Tx node (e.g., an assignment of the Tx node; sending an indication of the Tx node assignment; transmitting parameters defining the signal to the Tx node) will be performed by the configuring and receiving node.
[0278] Examples of apparatuses, sensing configuration node, configuring and receiving node, reflecting node, Rx node, and Tx node, and / or devices (e.g., ED, UE, BS, and / or any other network apparatuses, nodes, devices) to perform the various methods described herein are also disclosed.
[0279] For example, a device may include a memory to store processor-executable instructions, and a processor to execute the processor-executable instructions. When the processor executes the processor-executable instructions, the processor may be caused to perform the method steps of one or more of the apparatuses, nodes, and / or devices as described herein, e.g., in relation to FIGs. 11 and 12. For example, the processor may cause the apparatus, node and / or device to communicate over an air interface in a mode of operation by implementing operations consistent with that mode of operation, e.g. performing necessary measurements and generating content from those measurements, as configured for the mode of operation, preparing uplink transmissions and processing downlink transmissions, e.g. encoding, decoding, etc., and configuring and / or instructing transmission / reception on RF chain (s) and antenna (s) .
[0280] Note that the expression “at least one of A or B” , as used herein, is interchangeable with the expression “A and / or B” . It refers to a list in which you may select A or B or both A and B. Similarly, “at least one of A, B, or C” , as used herein, is interchangeable with “A and / or B and / or C” or “A, B, and / or C” . It refers to a list in which you may select: A or B or C, or both A and B, or both A and C, or both B and C, or all of A, B and C. The same principle applies for longer lists having a same format.
[0281] In the disclosure, the word “a” or “an” when used in conjunction with the term “comprising” or “including” in the claims and / or the specification may mean “one” , but it is also consistent with the meaning of “one or more” , “at least one” , and “one or more than one” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Similarly, the word “another” may mean at least a second or more unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
[0282] In the disclosure, the words “first” , “second” , etc., when used before a same term (e.g., ED, or an operating step) does not mean an order or a sequence of the term. For example, the “first ED” and the “second ED” , means two different EDs without specially indicated, and similarly, the “first step” and the “second step” means two different operating steps without specially indicated, but does not mean the first step have to happen before the second step. The real order depends on the logic of the two steps.
[0283] The terms “coupled” , “coupling” or “connected” as used herein can have several different meanings depending on the context in which these terms are used. For example, as used herein, the terms coupled, coupling, or connected can indicate that two elements or devices are directly connected to one another or connected to one another through one or more intermediate elements or devices via a mechanical element depending on the particular context.
[0284] The term “receive” , “detect” and “decode” as used herein can have several different meanings depending on the context in which these terms are used. For example, without special note, the term “receive” may indicate that information (e.g., DCI, or MAC-CE, RRC signaling or TB) is received successfully by the receiving node, which means the receiving side correctly detect and decode it. In this scenario, “receive” may cover “detect” and “decode” or may indicates same thing, e.g., “receive paging” means decoding paging correctly and obtaining the paging successfully, accordingly, “the receiving side does not receive paging” means the receiving side does not detect and / or decoding the paging. “paging is not received” means the receiving side tries to detect and / or decoding the paging, but not obtain the paging successfully. The term “receive” may sometimes indicate that a signal arrives at the receiving side, but does not mean the information in the signal is detected and decoded correctly, then the receiving side need perform detecting and decoding on the signal to obtain the information carried in the signal. In this scenario, “receive” , “detect” and “decode” may indicate different procedure at receiving side to obtain the information.
[0285] It should be appreciated that one or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. The respective units / modules may be hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units / modules may be an integrated circuit, such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) . It will be appreciated that where the modules are software, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances as required, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0286] Although a combination of features is shown in the illustrated embodiments, not all of them need to be combined to realize the benefits of various embodiments of this disclosure. In other words, a system or method designed according to an embodiment of this disclosure will not necessarily include all of the features shown in any one of the figures or all of the portions schematically shown in the figures. Moreover, selected features of one example embodiment may be combined with selected features of other example embodiments.
[0287] While this disclosure has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. It is therefore intended that the appended claims encompass any such modifications or embodiments.
Claims
1.A method for use at a sensing configuration node, comprising:transmitting, to a reflecting node, one or more reflection parameters to be used for reflecting, at the reflecting node, a sensing signal transmitted from a first node, wherein the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node is used for estimating one or more sensing parameters associated with the reflecting node;transmitting, to a second node receiving the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node, configuration information including at least one of:the one or more reflection parameters, orone or more parameters defining the sensing signal.2.The method of claim 1, further comprising:receiving, from the second node, information indicating estimated values of the one or more sensing parameters.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the sensing signal includes a plurality of linear frequency modulation (LFM) based or frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) based signals, each of which has a respective frequency change rate at a respective time slot.4.The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal include a frequency change rate vector in a respective time slot configured for the sensing signal.5.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal include information indicative of a first time slot group that comprises one or more time slots in which one or more coefficients used for configuration of the sensing signal are a same value.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the one or more reflection parameters include at least one of:a particular frequency shift at a particular time slot of a reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal for reflection of the sensing signal; ora frequency change rate at the particular time slot of the reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal for the reflection of the sensing signal.7.The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the one or more reflection parameters include information indicative of a second time slot group that comprises one or more time slots in which one or more coefficients used for the reflection of the sensing signal are a same value.8.The method of claim 7, wherein a first time slot of the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node and a second time slot of the sensing signal reflected at another reflecting node are combined for the estimation of the one or more sensing parameters, the first and second time slots included in the second time slot group.9.The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the one or more sensing parameters include at least one of:an angle of arrival (AoA) , of the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node, at the second node;a time delay indicative of a time of flight of the sensing signal from the first node to the second node via the reflecting node;a timing offset of the reflecting node in relation to the first node or the second node; ora radial Doppler for the reflecting node.10.The method of claim 9, further comprising:estimating, based on the one or more sensing parameters, one or more of a location of the reflecting node or movement of the reflecting node.11.The method of any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising:selecting, based on information indicative of existence of the reflecting node in an environment, at least one of the first node or the second node from a group of one or more nodes that are capable of transmitting the sensing signal to the reflecting node or receiving the sensing signal from the reflecting node; andat least one of:transmitting, to the first node, an indication for assignment of transmission of the sensing signal, ortransmitting, to the second node, an indication for assignment of receipt of the sensing signal.12.The method of claim 11, wherein at least one of the indication for assignment of transmission of the sensing signal or the indication for assignment of receipt of the sensing signal is included in a downlink control information (DCI) .13.The method of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the sensing configuration node is the first node, the method further comprising:transmitting, to the reflecting node, the sensing signal based on the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal.14.The method of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the sensing configuration node is different from the first node, the method further comprising:transmitting, to the first node, the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal.15.The method of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein at least one of:the one or more reflection parameters, orthe one or more parameters defining the sensing signal,is transmitted via control signaling.16.The method of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the one or more reflection parameters are specific to the reflecting node.17.An apparatus comprising a processor configured to cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 16.18.A method for use at a first node, comprising:receiving, from a sensing configuration node, at least one of:one or more reflection parameters to be used for reflecting, at a reflecting node, a sensing signal transmitted from a second node, wherein the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node is used for estimating one or more sensing parameters associated with the reflecting node, orone or more parameters defining the sensing signal.19.The method of claim 18, further comprising:transmitting, to the sensing configuration node, information indicating estimated values of the one or more sensing parameters.20.The method of claim 19, further comprising:processing the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node based on the one or more reflection parameters; andobtaining the estimated values of the one or more sensing parameters from the processed sensing signal.21.The method of any one of claims 18 to 20, wherein the sensing signal includes a plurality of linear frequency modulation (LFM) based or frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) based signals, each of which has a respective frequency change rate at a respective time slot.22.The method of any one of claims 18 to 21, wherein the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal include a frequency change rate vector in a respective time slot configured for the sensing signal.23.The method of any one of claims 18 to 22, wherein the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal include information indicative of a first time slot group that comprises one or more time slots in which one or more coefficients used for configuration of the sensing signal are a same value.24.The method of any one of claims 18 to 23, wherein the one or more reflection parameters include at least one of:a particular frequency shift at a particular time slot of a reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal for reflection of the sensing signal; ora frequency change rate at the particular time slot of the reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal for the reflection of the sensing signal.25.The method of any one of claims 18 to 24, wherein the one or more reflection parameters include information indicative of a second time slot group that comprises one or more time slots in which one or more coefficients used for the reflection of the sensing signal are a same value.26.The method of claim 25, wherein a first time slot of the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node and a second time slot of the sensing signal reflected at another reflecting node are combined for the estimation of the one or more sensing parameters, the first and second time slots included in the second time slot group.27.The method of any one of claims 18 to 26, wherein the one or more sensing parameters include at least one of:an angle of arrival (AoA) , of the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node, at the first node;a time delay indicative of a time of flight of the sensing signal from the second node to the first node via the reflecting node;a timing offset of the reflecting node in relation to the first node or the second node; ora radial Doppler for the reflecting node.28.The method of any one of claims 18 to 27, further comprising:receiving, from the sensing configuration node, an indication for assignment of receipt of the sensing signal.29.The method of claim 28, wherein the indication for assignment of receipt of the sensing signal is included in a downlink control information (DCI) .30.The method of any one of claims 18 to 29, further comprising:receiving, from the reflecting node, the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node.31.The method of any one of claims 18 to 30, wherein at least one of:the one or more reflection parameters, orthe one or more parameters defining the sensing signal,is received via control signaling.32.The method of any one of claims 18 to 31, wherein the one or more reflection parameters are specific to the reflecting node.33.An apparatus comprising a processor configured to cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 18 to 32.34.A method for use at a reflecting node, comprising:receiving, from a sensing configuration node, one or more reflection parameters to be used for reflecting a sensing signal transmitted from a node, the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node being used for estimating one or more sensing parameters associated with the reflecting node.35.The method of claim 34, wherein the sensing signal includes a plurality of linear frequency modulation (LFM) based or frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) based signals, each of which has a respective frequency change rate at a respective time slot.36.The method of claim 34 or 35, wherein the one or more reflection parameters include at least one of:a particular frequency shift at a particular time slot of a reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal for reflection of the sensing signal; ora frequency change rate at the particular time slot of the reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal for the reflection of the sensing signal.37.The method of any one of claims 34 to 36, wherein the one or more reflection parameters include information indicative of a second time slot group that comprises one or more time slots in which one or more coefficients used for the reflection of the sensing signal are a same value.38.The method of any one of claims 34 to 37, wherein the one or more sensing parameters include at least one of:an angle of arrival (AoA) , of the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node, at a second node receiving the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node;a time delay indicative of a time of flight of the sensing signal from the node to the second node via the reflecting node;a timing offset of the reflecting node in relation to the node or the second node; ora radial Doppler for the reflecting node.39.The method of any one of claims 34 to 38, further comprising:receiving, from the node, the sensing signal; andreflecting the sensing signal based on the one or more reflection parameters.40.The method of any one of claims 34 to 39, wherein the one or more reflection parameters is transmitted via control signaling.41.The method of any one of claims 34 to 40, wherein the one or more reflection parameters are specific to the reflecting node.42.An apparatus comprising a processor configured to cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 34 to 41.43.A method for use at a node, comprising:receiving, from a sensing configuration node, one or more parameters defining a sensing signal, wherein the sensing signal is transmitted from the node and reflected at a reflecting node based on one or more reflection parameters transmitted from the sensing configuration node, wherein the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node is used for estimating one or more sensing parameters associated with the reflecting node.44.The method of claim 43, wherein the sensing signal includes a plurality of linear frequency modulation (LFM) based or frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) based signals, each of which has a respective frequency change rate at a respective time slot.45.The method of claim 43 or 44, wherein the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal include a frequency change rate vector in a respective time slot configured for the sensing signal.46.The method of any one of claims 43 to 45, wherein the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal include information indicative of a first time slot group that comprises one or more time slots in which one or more coefficients used for configuration of the sensing signal are a same value.47.The method of any one of claims 43 to 46, wherein the one or more reflection parameters include at least one of:a particular frequency shift at a particular time slot of a reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal for reflection of the sensing signal; ora frequency change rate at the particular time slot of the reflection signature to be applied to the sensing signal for the reflection of the sensing signal.48.The method of any one of claims 43 to 47, wherein the one or more reflection parameters include information indicative of a second time slot group that comprises one or more time slots in which one or more coefficients used for the reflection of the sensing signal are a same value.49.The method of any one of claims 43 to 48, wherein the one or more sensing parameters include at least one of:an angle of arrival (AoA) , of the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node, at a second node receiving the sensing signal reflected at the reflecting node;a time delay indicative of a time of flight of the sensing signal from the node to the second node via the reflecting node;a timing offset of the reflecting node in relation to the node or the second node; ora radial Doppler for the reflecting node.50.The method of any one of claims 43 to 49, further comprising:receiving, from the sensing configuration node, an indication for assignment of transmission of the sensing signal.51.The method of claim 50, wherein the indication for assignment of transmission of the sensing signal is included in a downlink control information (DCI) .52.The method of any one of claims 43 to 51, further comprising:transmitting, to the reflecting node, the sensing signal based on the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal.53.The method of any one of claims 43 to 52, wherein the one or more parameters defining the sensing signal is received via control signaling.54.The method of any one of claims 43 to 53, wherein the one or more reflection parameters are specific to the reflecting node.55.An apparatus comprising a processor configured to cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 43 to 54.56.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, enable the apparatus to perform any one of claims 1 to 16, 18 to 32, 34 to 41, and 43 to 54.
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