Protective plate for vehicle, and vehicle

Abstract

Provided in the present application are a protective plate for a vehicle, and a vehicle. The protective plate for a vehicle comprises a substrate and a hydrophobic coating arranged on a surface of the substrate, wherein the hydrophobic coating comprises a bottom coating and a surface layer arranged on the side of the bottom coating away from the substrate, the bottom coating comprises a first resin, the surface energy of the first resin is smaller than or equal to 30 mN / m, and the surface layer comprises hydrophobic particles.

Description

A protective plate for a vehicle and the vehicle

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410494427.5, filed on April 23, 2024, entitled “A protective plate for a vehicle and a vehicle”, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of transportation technology, and more particularly to a protective plate for a vehicle and the vehicle itself. Background Technology

[0004] Existing technologies for vehicle protective panels (e.g., underbody panels) are ineffective at preventing icing. When vehicles operate in low-temperature environments, ice can form on these panels. Current de-icing methods primarily include mechanical or thermal de-icing, but these methods suffer from slow speeds, poor effectiveness, and the need for additional manpower. Furthermore, the presence of coal ash, mud, and other contaminants on the road conditions exacerbates the problem, causing the ice layer adhering to the protective panels to contain these contaminants, further complicating de-icing.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application is made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a protective plate for a vehicle, the protective plate including a substrate and a hydrophobic coating disposed on the surface of the substrate, the hydrophobic coating including a base layer and a top layer disposed on the side of the base layer away from the substrate, the base layer including a first resin having a surface energy of less than or equal to 30 mN / m, and the top layer including hydrophobic particles.

[0007] A hydrophobic coating with excellent hydrophobic properties is obtained by combining surface hydrophobic particles with low surface energy resin materials. Because droplets are difficult to stay on the surface of this coating and easily slide off, the protective plate can function as a waterproof, anti-icing, and anti-fogging agent, improving the cleaning efficiency of vehicles and especially reducing safety hazards to new energy vehicles.

[0008] In any embodiment, the first resin includes one or more of fluorinated polyurethane resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated polyethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, and fluorinated polysiloxane.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first resin includes a fluorinated resin.

[0010] Fluoropolymers possess both excellent hydrophobic and oleophobic properties, which not only improve the protective panel's resistance to icing but also allow stains and water to flow off together, thus enhancing the panel's self-cleaning ability.

[0011] In any embodiment, the base coating further includes a second resin, which includes one or more of acrylic resins, epoxy resins, polyimides, polyurethanes, and polyester resins.

[0012] The second resin can provide good adhesion between the hydrophobic coating and the substrate, improving the service life of the protective plate.

[0013] In any embodiment, the mass ratio of the first resin to the second resin is 15:100 to 40:100.

[0014] Protective panels with a mass ratio of the first resin to the second resin in the base coating within the above-mentioned range can achieve both good hydrophobic properties and a long service life.

[0015] In any embodiment, the thickness of the base coating is greater than or equal to 30 μm, and can be selected from 30 μm to 200 μm.

[0016] A base coat thickness within the above range can provide sufficient adhesion for the hydrophobic coating to provide hydrophobic protection.

[0017] In any embodiment, the average particle size of the hydrophobic particles is 10 nm to 1000 nm.

[0018] Nanoscale hydrophobic particles are distributed within the micron-sized resin particles of the base coating, creating a biomimetic lotus leaf structure that further improves the hydrophobic effect of the coating. Furthermore, the nanoscale hydrophobic particles can achieve a more compact packing, resulting in higher bonding strength between the hydrophobic particles and between the particles and the base coating, thus enhancing the impact resistance and extending the service life of the hydrophobic coating.

[0019] In any embodiment, the hydrophobic particles include one or more of silica particles, titanium dioxide particles, calcium carbonate particles, zinc oxide particles, copper oxide particles, and modified materials thereof.

[0020] In any embodiment, the hydrophobic particles include fluorinated silica particles.

[0021] Fluorinated silica particles can improve the hydrophobicity of hydrophobic particles, and at the same time, they can also repel oil, so that water droplets can carry away surface stains as they slide off, and can also play a self-cleaning role while preventing icing.

[0022] In any embodiment, the thickness of the surface layer is 100nm-80μm, and can be selected as 10μm-50μm.

[0023] The hydrophobic coating on the surface layer within the above range can increase surface roughness, form a more obvious micro-protrusion structure, and further improve the anti-icing and self-cleaning ability of the protective plate.

[0024] In any embodiment, the mass ratio of the base layer to the top layer is 8:1 to 12:1.

[0025] Hydrophobic coatings with a base coat to top coat mass ratio within the above range combine good anti-icing properties with long service life.

[0026] In any embodiment, the thickness of the hydrophobic coating is greater than or equal to 40 μm, and can be selected from 40 μm to 300 μm.

[0027] Hydrophobic coatings with thicknesses within the above range exhibit good anti-icing properties and service life.

[0028] In any embodiment, the hydrophobic coating has a static contact angle with water greater than or equal to 120°.

[0029] Protective plates with hydrophobic coatings exhibit good anti-icing properties when the static contact angle of water is within the aforementioned range.

[0030] In any embodiment, the hydrophobic coating has a roll-off angle of less than or equal to 20°.

[0031] The hydrophobic coating provides good anti-icing properties for protective plates with a water roll-off angle within the above-mentioned range.

[0032] In any embodiment, the hydrophobic coating has a static contact angle of 120° or greater with n-hexadecane.

[0033] The hydrophobic coating provides good self-cleaning capability for protective plates with a static contact angle of n-hexadecane within the above-mentioned range.

[0034] In any embodiment, the hydrophobic coating has a roll-off angle of less than or equal to 20° to n-hexadecane.

[0035] The hydrophobic coating provides good self-cleaning ability for protective plates with a rolling contact angle of n-hexadecane within the above-mentioned range.

[0036] In any implementation, the adhesion force of the ice layer on the protective plate is less than or equal to 2 N / cm. 2 .

[0037] The ice adhesion on the protective plate is within the above-mentioned range, which gives the protective plate good anti-icing properties.

[0038] In any implementation, the de-icing rate of the protective plate is greater than or equal to 50%.

[0039] Protective plates with a de-icing rate within the above range have good anti-icing properties.

[0040] In any embodiment, the substrate includes a metallic material, which may be an aluminum alloy.

[0041] In any implementation, the protective plate is a bottom protective plate.

[0042] A second aspect of this application also provides a means of transportation, which includes the protective plate described in the first aspect.

[0043] In any implementation, the means of transportation is a new energy means of transportation.

[0044] This protective plate, when applied to new energy vehicles, not only improves cleanliness but also enhances vehicle safety. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the ice layer adhesion test on the protective plate according to an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the test of the de-icing rate of the protective plate according to an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of the base coating according to an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of the hydrophobic coating according to an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 5 is a graph showing the test results of the water contact angle of the hydrophobic coating according to one embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 6 is a graph showing the test results of the contact angle of the hydrophobic coating with n-hexadecane according to an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The protective plate of the vehicle and embodiments of the vehicle of this application are hereby disclosed in detail with appropriate reference to the accompanying drawings. However, unnecessary details may be omitted. For example, detailed descriptions of well-known matters and repetitive descriptions of actually identical structures may be omitted. This is to avoid making the following description unnecessarily lengthy and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings and the following description are provided to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand this application and are not intended to limit the subject matter of the claims.

[0053] The "range" disclosed in this application is defined by a lower limit and an upper limit. A given range is defined by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, which define the boundaries of a particular range. Ranges defined in this way can include or exclude endpoints and can be arbitrarily combined; that is, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if ranges of 60-120 and 80-110 are listed for a specific parameter, it is expected that ranges of 60-110 and 80-120 are also included. Furthermore, if minimum range values ​​of 1 and 2 are listed, and if maximum range values ​​of 3, 4, and 5 are listed, then the following ranges are all expected: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2-3, 2-4, and 2-5. In this application, unless otherwise stated, the numerical range "ab" represents a shortened representation of any combination of real numbers between a and b, where a and b are real numbers. For example, the numerical range "0-5" indicates that all real numbers between "0-5" have been listed in this article; "0-5" is simply a shortened representation of these numerical combinations. Furthermore, when a parameter is stated as an integer ≥2, it is equivalent to disclosing that the parameter is, for example, an integer such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.

[0054] Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of this application can be combined to form new technical solutions.

[0055] Unless otherwise specified, all technical features and optional technical features of this application may be combined to form new technical solutions.

[0056] Unless otherwise specified, all steps of the present application may be performed sequentially or randomly, preferably sequentially. For example, the method includes steps (a) and (b), indicating that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed sequentially, or may include steps (b) and (a) performed sequentially. For example, the method may further include step (c), indicating that step (c) may be added to the method in any order, for example, the method may include steps (a), (b) and (c), or may include steps (a), (c) and (b), or may include steps (c), (a) and (b), etc.

[0057] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "comprising" and "including" as used in this application can be open-ended or closed-ended. For example, "comprising" and "including" can mean that other components not listed may also be included, or that only the listed components may be included.

[0058] Unless otherwise specified, the term "or" is inclusive in this application. For example, the phrase "A or B" means "A, B, or both A and B". More specifically, the condition "A or B" is satisfied by any of the following conditions: A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists); or both A and B are true (or exist).

[0059] When vehicles operate in low-temperature environments, ice can form on their protective panels, especially in new energy vehicles. This ice buildup can lead to problems such as bringing ice into battery swapping stations and causing water dripping during charging. Current main de-icing methods include mechanical de-icing and thermal de-icing. Mechanical de-icing requires first using mechanical means to break up the ice layer and then using a high-temperature water jet to reduce its adhesion and remove it. These operations exert significant scratching force on the battery frame and underbody protection of new energy vehicles, posing a risk of wear and damage to the battery pack. Using hot air or hot water to melt the ice layer carries the risk of high-temperature battery failure.

[0060] Based on this, this application provides a protective plate for vehicles, characterized in that the protective plate includes a substrate and a hydrophobic coating disposed on the surface of the substrate, the hydrophobic coating includes a base layer and a surface layer disposed on the side of the base layer away from the substrate, the base layer includes a first resin, the surface energy of the first resin is less than or equal to 30mN / m, and the surface layer includes hydrophobic particles.

[0061] Surface energy refers to the reversible non-expansion work required to increase a unit surface area under unbalanced forces acting on particles on a surface. To move particles from the interior to the surface, the inward gravitational force must be overcome; that is, to increase the surface area, the internal gravitational force must be resisted. Under certain temperature and pressure, the surface energy of a solid is the reversible non-expansion work required to increase the surface area per unit unit. The unit is mN / m or J / m. 2 .

[0062] In some embodiments, the surface energy of the first resin can be 30 mN / m, 28 mN / m, 25 mN / m, 23 mN / m, 20 mN / m, 18 mN / m, 15 mN / m, or any value between the two.

[0063] Hydrophobic particles generally have a hydrophobic surface, and water exhibits a large contact angle on this surface, forming a droplet shape.

[0064] A hydrophobic coating with excellent hydrophobic properties is obtained by combining surface hydrophobic particles with low surface energy resin materials. Because droplets are difficult to stay on the surface of this coating and easily slide off, the protective plate can function as a waterproof, anti-icing, and anti-fogging agent, improving the cleaning efficiency of vehicles and especially reducing safety hazards to new energy vehicles.

[0065] In some embodiments, the first resin includes one or more of fluorinated polyurethane resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated polyethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, and fluorinated polysiloxane.

[0066] In some embodiments, the first resin includes a fluorinated resin.

[0067] Fluoropolymers possess both excellent hydrophobic and oleophobic properties, which not only improve the protective panel's resistance to icing but also allow stains and water to flow off together, thus enhancing the panel's self-cleaning ability.

[0068] In some embodiments, the base coating further includes a second resin, which includes one or more of acrylic resins, epoxy resins, polyimides, polyurethanes, and polyester resins.

[0069] The second resin can provide good adhesion between the hydrophobic coating and the substrate, improving the service life of the protective plate.

[0070] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the first resin to the second resin is 15:100 to 40:100.

[0071] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the first resin to the second resin can be 15:100, 20:100, 25:100, 30:100, 35:100, 40:100, or any range between the two.

[0072] Protective panels with a mass ratio of the first resin to the second resin in the base coating within the above-mentioned range can achieve both good hydrophobic properties and a long service life.

[0073] In some embodiments, the thickness of the base coating is greater than or equal to 30 μm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the base coating is 30 μm to 200 μm.

[0074] In some embodiments, the thickness of the base coating can be 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 110 μm, 120 μm, 130 μm, 140 μm, 150 μm, 160 μm, 170 μm, 180 μm, 190 μm, 200 μm or any value between the two.

[0075] A base coat thickness within the above range can provide sufficient adhesion for the hydrophobic coating to provide hydrophobic protection.

[0076] In some embodiments, the average particle size of the hydrophobic particles is 10 nm to 1000 nm.

[0077] In some embodiments, the average particle size of the hydrophobic particles can be 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 90nm, 100nm, 200nm, 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, 900nm, 1000nm, or any value between the two.

[0078] Nanoscale hydrophobic particles are distributed within the micron-sized resin particles of the base coating, creating a biomimetic lotus leaf structure that further improves the hydrophobic effect of the coating. Furthermore, the nanoscale hydrophobic particles can achieve a more compact packing, resulting in higher bonding strength between the hydrophobic particles and between the particles and the base coating, thus enhancing the impact resistance and extending the service life of the hydrophobic coating.

[0079] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic particles include one or more of silica particles, titanium dioxide particles, calcium carbonate particles, zinc oxide particles, copper oxide particles, and modified materials thereof.

[0080] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic particles comprise fluorinated silica particles.

[0081] In some embodiments, fluorinated silica particles include one or more of fluorinated silica particles coated with fluorine-containing materials and fluorinated silica particles grafted with fluorine-containing groups.

[0082] In some embodiments, fluorinated silica particles are prepared by hydrolytic co-condensation of fluorinated silicates and silicates on the surface of silica particles. In some embodiments, fluorinated silica particles are prepared by hydrolytic co-condensation of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTES), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), and sodium methylsilicate in an ethanol suspension of silica nanoparticles.

[0083] Fluorinated silica particles can improve the hydrophobicity of hydrophobic particles, and at the same time, they can also repel oil, so that water droplets can carry away surface stains as they slide off, and can also play a self-cleaning role while preventing icing.

[0084] In some embodiments, the thickness of the surface layer is 100 nm to 80 μm. In other embodiments, the thickness of the surface layer can be 10 μm to 50 μm.

[0085] In some embodiments, the thickness of the surface layer can be 100 nm, 1 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm or any value between the two.

[0086] The hydrophobic coating on the surface layer within the above range can increase surface roughness, form a more obvious micro-protrusion structure, and further improve the anti-icing and self-cleaning ability of the protective plate.

[0087] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the base coating layer to the top coating layer is 8:1 to 12:1.

[0088] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the base layer to the top layer is 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 11:1, 12:1, or any range between the two.

[0089] Hydrophobic coatings with a base coat to top coat mass ratio within the above range combine good anti-icing properties with long service life.

[0090] In some embodiments, the thickness of the hydrophobic coating is greater than or equal to 40 μm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the hydrophobic coating can be 40 μm to 300 μm.

[0091] In some embodiments, the thickness of the hydrophobic coating can be 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm or any value between the two.

[0092] Hydrophobic coatings with thicknesses within the above range exhibit good anti-icing properties and service life.

[0093] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic coating has a static contact angle with water greater than or equal to 120°.

[0094] In some embodiments, the static contact angle of the hydrophobic coating with water can be 120°, 125°, 130°, 135°, 140°, 145°, 150°, 155°, 160°, 165°, 170°, 175° or any value between the two.

[0095] The static contact angle of the hydrophobic coating with water can be tested using any method known in the art. As an example, the test is performed according to GB / T 26490, "Test Method for Superhydrophobic and Amphibious Properties of Nanomaterials". Specifically, the dropping needle is placed 10mm–20mm above the sample, the droplet volume is set to 5μL–10μL, and the syringe titration operation key is pressed to slowly drip 5μL–10μL of deionized water. The sample stage is slowly raised until the sample surface contacts the droplet, and then the sample stage is slowly lowered until the droplet separates from the needle. Three locations are randomly selected on the surface of the coated sample for testing, with at least 6mm between each point. The three data points form a group. The water droplet contact angle is measured by microscopic photography. Three sets of static contact angle data are obtained from the three samples, and the average value is taken as the static contact angle of the hydrophobic coating with water.

[0096] Protective plates with hydrophobic coatings exhibit good anti-icing properties when the static contact angle of water is within the aforementioned range.

[0097] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic coating has a roll-off angle of less than or equal to 20°.

[0098] In some embodiments, the roll-off angle of the hydrophobic coating to water can be 20°, 15°, 10°, 9°, 8°, 7°, 6°, 5°, 4°, 3°, 2°, 1°, or any value between the two. The roll-off angle can be tested using any method known in the art. As an example, the test is performed according to ISO 19403-7 "Paints and varnishes - Hydrophilicity - Part 7: Measurement of contact angle (roll-off angle) on an inclined platform". The sample is placed horizontally with the coated side facing up. A level (accuracy 0.1°) is used to ensure that the angle between the sample and the horizontal plane is 0°, and the level is placed on the sample surface. A droplet (droplet volume 15μL~70μL) is gently dropped onto the coating surface. After the droplet stabilizes, the sample surface is slowly tilted using an inclined platform. The reading of the level when the droplet just rolls off the sample surface is recorded, which is the roll-off angle. Three samples are measured to obtain three sets of roll-off angle data, and the average value is taken as the roll-off angle of the hydrophobic coating to water.

[0099] The hydrophobic coating provides good anti-icing properties for protective plates with a water roll-off angle within the above-mentioned range.

[0100] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic coating has a static contact angle of 120° or greater with n-hexadecane.

[0101] In some embodiments, the static contact angle of the hydrophobic coating with n-hexadecane can be 120°, 125°, 130°, 135°, 140°, 145°, 150°, 155°, 160°, 165°, 170°, 175° or any value between the two.

[0102] The test method for the static contact angle of the hydrophobic coating on n-hexadecane is described above.

[0103] The hydrophobic coating provides good self-cleaning capability for protective plates with a static contact angle of n-hexadecane within the above-mentioned range.

[0104] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic coating has a roll-off angle of less than or equal to 20° to n-hexadecane.

[0105] In some embodiments, the roll-off angle of the hydrophobic coating to n-hexadecane can be 20°, 15°, 10°, 9°, 8°, 7°, 6°, 5°, 4°, 3°, 2°, 1°, or any value between the two. The method for testing the roll-off angle is described above.

[0106] The hydrophobic coating provides good self-cleaning ability for protective plates with a rolling contact angle of n-hexadecane within the above-mentioned range.

[0107] In some embodiments, the adhesion strength of the ice layer on the protective plate is less than or equal to 2 N / cm. 2 .

[0108] In some embodiments, the adhesion strength of the ice layer on the protective plate can be 2 N / cm. 2 1.5 N / cm 2 1N / cm 2 0.5 N / cm 2 Or the range of values ​​between any two.

[0109] The adhesion strength of the ice layer on the protective plate can be tested using any method known in the art. As an example, the test method is shown in Figure 1. The protective plate is placed horizontally in a -15°C freezer environment and frozen for 1 hour. A cylindrical or cuboid mold is selected, supercooled water is injected into the mold, and the mold, after being injected with cooling water, is vertically inverted onto the surface of the horizontal sample and frozen for 24 hours. After freezing, the sample is fixed on a horizontal cold table, and a push-pull force gauge is used to push the ice column away from the sample surface horizontally. The maximum pushing force F on the push-pull force gauge is recorded. Simultaneously, each sample is tested at least 5 times to obtain the average pushing force value to reduce error. The adhesion strength τ between the ice layer and the protective plate is calculated using the following formula:

[0110] Where A is the solid / ice interface contact area, i.e., the cross-sectional area of ​​the ice column, in cm². 2 F represents the maximum shear force, which is the maximum thrust when the icicle is pushed away from the solid surface. It can be read directly from the push-pull force gauge, and the unit is N.

[0111] The adhesion of the ice layer on the protective plate is within the above range, making the ice layer on the protective plate easy to remove.

[0112] In some embodiments, the de-icing rate of the protective plate is greater than or equal to 50%.

[0113] The de-icing rate of the protective plate can be obtained by any known method in the art. As an example, the test method is shown in Figure 2. The protective plate provided in this embodiment and a protective plate with the same area but without a hydrophobic coating (control group) are placed in a -15°C refrigerated freezing environment. The angle between the sample and the horizontal plane is 30°. After freezing for 1 hour, 0°C supercooled water is sprayed onto the sample surface. During spraying, the nozzle is kept perpendicular to the sample, with a distance of 20 cm. After one spray, a 3-minute interval is required before the next spray to prevent the supercooled water from dripping before freezing. After a total of 50 sprays, the sample is frozen for 0.5 hours, and the weight of the sample before and after icing is measured and recorded. The de-icing rate is calculated as (ice amount of the control group sample - ice amount of the embodiment sample) divided by the ice amount of the control group sample. Each sample is tested at least 5 times to obtain the average value. A schematic diagram of the experiment is shown in Figure 2.

[0114] In some embodiments, the de-icing rate of the protective plate can be 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, or any value between two of these.

[0115] Protective plates with a de-icing rate within the above range have good anti-icing properties.

[0116] In some embodiments, the substrate comprises a metallic material, such as an aluminum alloy.

[0117] In some embodiments, the protective plate is a bottom protective plate.

[0118] A second aspect of this application provides a means of transportation that includes a protective plate according to any embodiment.

[0119] In some implementations, the vehicle is a new energy vehicle.

[0120] This protective plate, when applied to new energy vehicles, not only improves cleanliness but also enhances vehicle safety.

[0121] Example

[0122] The following describes embodiments of this application. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. Reagents or instruments used, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0123] Example 1

[0124] Preparation of protective panels:

[0125] A surface cleaner is used to clean the dust, oil, and impurities on the surface of the substrate aluminum plate, resulting in a dust-free and oil-free substrate.

[0126] Preparation of primer: Weigh 0.7 kg epoxy resin (second resin), 0.3 kg fluorinated polyurethane resin (first resin), 0.28 kg diluent (solvent containing ethanol and ethyl acetate in a 1:1 volume ratio), and 0.07 kg isocyanate curing agent, mix them evenly to obtain the primer. The surface energy of the first resin in the primer is 30 mN / m.

[0127] Topcoat preparation: Disperse fluorine-modified nano-hydrophobic silica particles in the above diluent with a solid content of 5%; the average particle size of the fluorinated silica particles is 300 nm.

[0128] The method for preparing fluorinated silica particles is to prepare fluorine-modified hydrophobic silica nanoparticles by hydrolysis and co-condensation of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTES), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and sodium methylsilicate in an ethanol suspension of silica nanoparticles.

[0129] A primer was sprayed onto the cleaned aluminum substrate surface using a spraying method to prepare a base coat. The spraying pressure was 2.0–4.0 bar, and the spraying distance was 15–20 cm. After drying at room temperature for 10 minutes, a top coat was sprayed onto the base coat surface. The spraying pressure was 2.0–4.0 bar, and the spraying distance was 20–25 cm. After drying at room temperature for 30 minutes, a top coat was obtained. The mass ratio of the primer to the top coat was 1:1, and the mass ratio of the base coat to the top coat after drying was 10:1.

[0130] The total thickness of the hydrophobic coating is 70 μm; the thickness of the base layer is 50 μm and the thickness of the top layer is 20 μm.

[0131] Example 2

[0132] The preparation methods of Example 2 and Example 1 are basically the same, except that the nano-silica particles in Example 2 have not been modified with fluorine.

[0133] Example 3

[0134] The preparation methods of Example 2 and Example 1 are basically the same, except that the silica particles in Example 3 are at the micron level and the average particle size of the silica particles is 1.2 μm.

[0135] Example 4

[0136] The preparation method of Example 4 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the base coating of Example 4 includes only fluorinated resin and does not include non-fluorinated resin.

[0137] Comparative Example 1

[0138] The preparation method of Comparative Example 1 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that only the primer is sprayed in Comparative Example 1, and no topcoat is applied.

[0139] II. Analysis of Test Results for Each Embodiment and Comparative Example

[0140] Batteries for each embodiment and comparative example were prepared according to the above method, and various performance parameters were measured. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0141] Table 1

[0142] The results above show that all embodiments achieved good anti-icing effects. However, in Embodiment 4, the adhesion to the substrate was reduced due to the absence of a second resin, which could not meet the requirements for long-term use.

[0143] Compared to Example 2, Examples 1, 3, and 4 show further improvements in the self-cleaning effect of the base plate.

[0144] The surface morphology of the base coating in Example 1 is shown in Figure 3, and the surface morphology after applying the topcoat is shown in Figure 4. As can be seen from the figures, the surface roughness of the protective plate increases significantly after applying the topcoat, forming a significant micro-nano structure, which is beneficial for further improvement of hydrophobicity. The water contact angle and n-hexadecane contact angle test results of the hydrophobic coating in Example 1 are shown in Figures 5 and 6. The tests show that the hydrophobic coating has both high water contact angle and high n-hexadecane contact angle, indicating that it has both good hydrophobicity and oleophobicity, and good self-cleaning ability.

[0145] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments with the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of this application are included in the technical scope of this application. Furthermore, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other ways of constructing by combining some of the constituent elements of the embodiments, without departing from the spirit of this application, are also included in the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A protective panel for vehicles, characterized in that, The protective plate includes a substrate and a hydrophobic coating disposed on the surface of the substrate. The hydrophobic coating includes a base layer and a top layer disposed on the side of the base layer away from the substrate. The base layer includes a first resin with a surface energy of less than or equal to 30 mN / m. The top layer includes hydrophobic particles.

2. The protective plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first resin includes one or more of fluorinated polyurethane resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated polyethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, and fluorinated polysiloxane.

3. The protective plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The base coating also includes a second resin, which includes one or more of acrylic resin, epoxy resin, polyimide, polyurethane, and polyester resin.

4. The protective plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the first resin to the second resin is 15:100-40:

100.

5. The protective plate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The thickness of the base coating is greater than or equal to 30 μm, and can be selected from 30 μm to 200 μm.

6. The protective plate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The average particle size of the hydrophobic particles is 10nm-1000nm.

7. The protective plate according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The hydrophobic particles include one or more of the following: silica particles, titanium dioxide particles, calcium carbonate particles, zinc oxide particles, copper oxide particles, and their modified materials.

8. The protective plate according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The hydrophobic particles include fluorinated silica particles.

9. The protective plate according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The thickness of the surface layer is 100nm-80μm, and can be selected as 10μm-50μm.

10. The protective plate according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the base coating layer to the top coating layer is 8:1 to 12:

1.

11. The protective plate according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The hydrophobic coating satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) The thickness of the hydrophobic coating is greater than or equal to 40 μm, and can be selected as 40 μm-300 μm; (2) The static contact angle of the hydrophobic coating with water is greater than or equal to 120°; (3) The water roll-off angle of the hydrophobic coating is less than or equal to 20°; (4) The static contact angle of the hydrophobic coating with respect to n-hexadecane is greater than or equal to 120°; (5) The hydrophobic coating has a roll-off angle of less than or equal to 20° for n-hexadecane.

12. The protective plate according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The protective plate meets at least one of the following conditions: (1) The adhesion strength of the ice layer on the protective plate is less than or equal to 2 N / cm. 2 ; (2) The de-icing rate of the protective plate is greater than or equal to 50%.

13. The protective plate according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The substrate includes metallic materials, which may be aluminum alloys.

14. The protective plate according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The protective plate is a bottom protective plate.

15. A means of transportation, characterized in that, The vehicle includes the protective plate as described in any one of claims 1 to 14.

16. The means of transport according to claim 15, characterized in that, The vehicle in question is a new energy vehicle.

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