Structure and composite structure

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a structure that can be easily installed by an evacuee at an evacuation place using standardized corrugated cardboard material.　A wall board 10 has a standardized size and shape and includes rib members at both edges. A plurality of kinds of roof boards 20, 30, 40 each include rib members at both edges. The rib members are bent outward and connected. A polygonal pyramid-shaped roof part 70 is placed on a polygonal column-shaped wall part 60 to constitute a structure 1. The wall boards have wall lower bent parts at the bottom, and the wall lower bent parts are bent outward and brought into contact with the floor. The wall board 10 has an openable portion 15 in a central portion thereof, and a breaking line 13 and a folding line 14 are provided around the openable part 15. The breaking line 13 is cut, opened toward left and right from the position of a central vertical line, and bent along the folding line 14 to form an entry / exit opening, thereby forming the structure 1 that can be installed inside a building. A plurality of structures 1 can be integrated to form a composite structure.

Description

Structures and Composite Structures

[0001] The present invention relates to a structure that can be easily and quickly assembled even by small children or elderly people who are evacuating. Specifically, the present invention relates to a structure and composite structure that can be easily processed and assembled by evacuees themselves while ensuring their privacy in indoor evacuation spaces such as gymnasiums or outdoor evacuation sites in the event of a disaster.

[0002] More specifically, the present invention relates to a structure in which wall sections 60 and roof sections 70 (see FIG. 3(A)) are formed by assembling pre-standardized cardboard wall panels and roof panels of several different shapes and sizes, and the tops of the walls forming a polygonal columnar space are covered with a polygonal pyramidal roof section, resulting in a high interior space that does not give a feeling of oppression and has excellent sound insulation and heat retention properties.

[0003] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a composite structure in which the wall panels are standardized and unified, and by connecting two spaces at the wall panel portion, the size of the space can be expanded, and even if there are many evacuees, the variation in the exclusive area per person can be reduced and they can evacuate.

[0004] Large-scale earthquake disasters are occurring frequently, and evacuation facilities that can accommodate large numbers of evacuees are needed. Gymnasiums and other facilities with excellent earthquake resistance have been selected as evacuation sites, and the gymnasium floors have been divided into evacuation zones using cardboard as wall panels to accommodate evacuees until evacuation housing is set up.

[0005] Until now, gymnasiums and other similar spaces have been used as evacuation spaces for several months until outdoor evacuation shelters are set up, but because these evacuation areas have no ceilings, they are disturbed by the gazes and sounds of others, and conflicts often arise between evacuees. Furthermore, there is a risk of infectious diseases such as influenza, COVID-19, and norovirus spreading within evacuation facilities, so there has been a need for technology that can provide spaces that ensure evacuees' privacy as quickly and inexpensively as possible.

[0006] Patent Document 1 discloses a technology for assembling play equipment that uses flat pieces such as reinforced cardboard as materials and connects them with connectors to create unique spaces. According to this technology, the flat pieces are provided with folding pieces that can be folded in both directions on each outer edge of the flat pieces, and multiple sets of joining holes are formed on both sides of the folding points of the folding pieces.

[0007] According to this technology, even small children can assemble the play equipment by folding the folding pieces on the outer periphery of the flat body, then inserting connectors into the connecting holes that pass through the folding pieces to assemble the flat body. However, with this technology, the connecting holes on both sides of the folding pieces that are not used for joining are left open, allowing light to shine through, which has the problem that it cannot be used as a structure for evacuees to sleep in.

[0008] Furthermore, Patent Document 2 discloses a building technology using cardboard sheets. According to this technology, the cardboard sheets are impregnated with polystyrene resin for outdoor use, and the building is constructed on a concrete foundation.

[0009] Each cardboard sheet is cut to a specific shape and connected with plastic screws, etc., which is said to prevent rainwater from seeping in, light from getting in, drafts from drafts, etc. However, this technology requires a concrete foundation, making it unusable as an indoor evacuation facility. In addition, there are issues with the long time and expense required for preparation and production, as the cardboard sheets must be impregnated with polystyrene resin and then individually cut into shapes.

[0010] Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-33989 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-308955

[0011] To provide a structure that can be easily processed and assembled by evacuees themselves while ensuring their privacy in an indoor evacuation space such as a gymnasium or an outdoor evacuation site in the event of a disaster, using standardized cardboard boards of a predetermined size and shape.

[0012] The first aspect of the present invention is a structure consisting of a plurality of roof panels and wall panels surrounding a space where people stay, wherein the roof panels and the wall panels are each made of cardboard panels of a standardized size and shape, an opening can be formed in the center of the wall panels, roof panel connecting portions are provided at both edges of each of the roof panels in stripes so as to be bent outward, roof downward bending portions are provided at the lower edges of each of the roof panels in stripes so as to be bent inward, wall panel connecting portions are provided at both edges of each of the wall panels in stripes so as to be bent outward, wall downward bending portions are provided at the lower edges of each of the wall panels in stripes so as to be bent outward, and through holes are provided at adjacent bent sections. The roof panel connecting portions are provided at positions where a pair of bent roof panel connecting portions face each other, and at positions where a pair of adjacent bent wall panel connecting portions face each other, the roof panel connecting portions are bent and connecting devices are connected to adjacent through holes to form a polygonal pyramid-shaped roof portion, the roof downward bent portions are bent downward and the wall panel connecting portions are bent and connecting devices are connected to adjacent through holes to form a polygonal pillar-shaped wall portion, the roof downward bent portions cover the tops of the wall portions and are connected to the wall portions, and the wall downward bent portions are bent outward and in contact with the floor.

[0013] The roof and wall panels are made of standardized cardboard sheets that have been cut to a specific shape and are readily stackable for storage during normal times, and the structure can be easily assembled in an emergency. The connecting parts of the roof and wall panels are each bent outward, allowing for a wider interior space within the structure and allowing multiple evacuees to work together for efficient assembly. The accommodation space has a high ceiling, so there is no sense of oppression. The entrances and exits may be single- or double-hinged.

[0014] The roof panel connecting portion and the wall panel connecting portion may be connected using a known resin connecting device, or may be connected by folding the cardboard panel of the connecting portion, or the cardboard panel may be used as the connecting device, and is not limited thereto. The structure may be installed outdoors. When installed indoors, the cardboard panel should be made of paper, and when installed outdoors, the cardboard panel should be made of plastic to protect it from rainwater, and the downward bent portion can be used to secure it to the ground with rivets or the like.

[0015] When assembling the polygonal pyramidal roof, it is preferable to leave a small opening at the top to allow natural ventilation. Because the walls are covered by the roof, it is easy to maintain the temperature inside the structure. In addition, the downward bends of the wall panels are bent outward and come into contact with the floor of the building to which they are installed, so there are no gaps near the floor. This resulted in the temperature inside the structure being 3°C higher in winter than if there were no downward bends.

[0016] According to the first invention, not only can multiple evacuees cooperate to assemble a comfortable structure that prevents light from leaking in from the outside when sleeping, but it also has the unprecedented effect of keeping the temperature inside the structure 3°C higher than outside in winter, thereby suppressing the spread of infectious diseases.

[0017] A second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the structure of the first aspect, break lines and fold lines are provided around the position forming the opening, the break lines are provided at least on the central vertical line of the opening and on the upper and lower edges of the opening, and the fold lines are provided on both side edges of the opening, and an entrance / exit is formed by cutting the break lines, opening from the position of the central vertical line, and bending along the fold lines.

[0018] In the second invention, an openable section is provided in the center of the wall panel, surrounded by a break line and a fold line. An evacuee can cut the break line of the wall panel at the desired location with a cutter and unfold the cut wall panel to create an entrance or exit at the desired location. Of course, the entrance or exit can be either a single-wing or a double-wing door.

[0019] To achieve an unprecedented effect that an entrance / exit of a required size can be provided in a place where the privacy of evacuees can be easily secured, even when many evacuation structures are installed in an indoor evacuation site such as a gymnasium.

[0020] A third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the structure of the first or second aspect, the connector is made of cardboard and comprises a central portion and side portions bent left and right from the central portion, the central portion has a central protruding piece that protrudes upward and downward, and each of the side portions has a side protruding piece at least either above or below, the side protruding piece being spaced from the fold line with the central portion by a distance equivalent to the length of the overlapping cardboard sheets, and each side portion is bent toward each other, and the side protruding pieces are narrowed in a folded state and passed through the through hole, and then the side protruding pieces are folded back, and the overlapping cardboard sheets that form the roof panel connecting portion or the wall panel connecting portion are sandwiched between the central protruding piece and the side protruding piece.

[0021] According to the third invention, the roof panel connecting portion and the wall panel connecting portion are connected by a connector made of cardboard. The side projections of the connector are folded back and narrowed and inserted into the through-holes through which the opposing bent portions of each panel overlap, and then the side projections are opened, and the roof panel connecting portion or the wall panel connecting portion is sandwiched between the central projection and the side projections in an overlapping state with no gaps. Because there are no gaps, the structure is less likely to deform. Furthermore, because the roof panels, wall panels, and connectors are all made of cardboard, they can be stacked and managed, which has the advantage of being easy to manage and inexpensive to provide.

[0022] The fourth invention of the present invention is characterized in that, in the structure of the first or second invention, the cardboard board is made up of an upper surface material, a middle surface material, a lower surface material, and two corrugated board materials with different bending heights, one corrugated board material being arranged between the upper surface material and the middle surface material, and the other corrugated board material being arranged between the middle surface material and the lower surface material.

[0023] According to the fourth invention, since both the roof panels and wall panels are made of double-float cardboard panels, even if the wall panels and roof panels are made of large-area panels, high rigidity is maintained, the number of parts can be reduced, and assembly is easy.

[0024] The fifth invention of the present invention is characterized in that, in the structure of the second invention, a horizontal break line is further provided in the center of the height direction of the opening, and by cutting the horizontal break line, the center vertical line, and the break lines provided at the upper edge, the upper part of the opening is opened to form a window opening.

[0025] It is preferable if the upper part of the opening is a window opening, but this is not limited thereto, and only one side may be opened to form a ventilation opening, etc. According to the fifth invention, in the event of a disaster, many people who plan to stay, including children and the elderly, can open openings of the necessary size in positions according to their wishes, ensuring privacy while facilitating ventilation inside the structure and maintaining a hygienic environment.

[0026] The sixth aspect of the present invention is a composite structure in which a plurality of the structures of the first or second aspect are integrated, characterized in that the wall panel joints of each wall panel arranged on the periphery of the composite structure are connected to each other, and the interior spaces of the structures that make up the composite structure are integrated. According to the sixth aspect, since the plurality of structures are connected, the space available for people to stay in is expanded, allowing multiple people to stay at the same time, thereby achieving the effect of leveling out the population density within the structure.

[0027] The seventh aspect of the present invention is a composite structure in which a plurality of the structures of the third aspect are integrated, characterized in that the wall panel joints of each wall panel arranged on the periphery of the composite structure are connected to form an integrated interior space of the structures. According to the seventh aspect, the plurality of structures are connected to form a space, expanding the space available for people to stay in, allowing multiple people to stay at the same time, thereby achieving the effect of leveling out the population density within the structure.

[0028] - According to the first invention, not only can multiple evacuees work together to assemble a comfortable structure that is free of light leaks from the outside when sleeping, but the temperature inside the structure is 3°C higher than outside in winter, which also helps to curb the spread of infectious diseases, an unprecedented effect. - According to the second invention, an unprecedented effect is achieved in that entrances and exits of the required size can be provided in locations that can easily ensure the privacy of evacuees. - According to the third invention, because the roof panels, wall panels, and connectors are all made of cardboard, they can be stacked and managed, making them easy to manage and inexpensive to provide.

[0029] - According to the fourth invention, even if the wall and roof panels are made of large-area boards, high rigidity is maintained, the number of parts can be reduced, and assembly is easy. - According to the fifth invention, people who plan to stay can open openings of the required size in the position they desire, ensuring privacy while facilitating ventilation inside the structure and maintaining a hygienic environment. - According to the sixth or seventh invention, multiple structures are connected to form a space, expanding the space available for people to stay in, allowing multiple people to stay at the same time and leveling out the population density within the structure.

[0030] An explanatory diagram of the standard shapes of roof panels and wall panels (Example 1). An explanatory diagram of the combination of roof panels and wall panels (Example 1). A perspective view of a composite structure (Example 1). A perspective view of a structure with an octagonal plan (Example 2). An explanatory diagram of an entrance / exit (Example 2). An explanatory diagram of a connector (Example 3).

[0031] The structure was constructed from standardized cardboard panels with connecting parts around the roof and wall panels so that even small children and elderly people can easily process and assemble the structure in an evacuation site in the event of a disaster, ensuring their privacy.

[0032] As Example 1, a structure 1 having a square planar shape made of cardboard boards will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 3. Figure 1 shows an explanatory diagram of standardized wall panels and roof panels, Figure 2 shows an explanatory diagram of two wall panels and two roof panels arranged side by side, and Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a composite structure that can be expanded according to the number of people staying by combining square planar structures.

[0033] The wall panels of the structure 1 are made of corrugated cardboard. The top, middle, and bottom panels of the corrugated cardboard are flat, and two corrugated panels of different heights are attached between each panel, resulting in a double-float corrugated cardboard panel with a thickness of 8 mm. Corrugated cardboard panels with corrugation heights of 5 mm and 3 mm, and corrugated cardboard panels with corrugation heights of 4 mm and 4 mm are commercially available, but either type is acceptable, and the thickness is not limited.

[0034] Wall and roof panels cut from double-float cardboard have high planar rigidity and maintain flatness even when cut into pieces approximately 2 meters long. Furthermore, at approximately 2.0 kg, they are light and easy to transport, allowing structures to be assembled in approximately 15 minutes. Once constructed, they also have excellent sound and heat insulation properties, making them ideal for constructing structures for evacuation shelters.

[0035] While Figure 1 shows the shape of one type of wall panel 10 shown in Figure 1A and the shapes of three types of roof panels 20, 30, and 40 shown in Figures 1B to 1D, the shapes and sizes of the cardboard panels are not limited to these. The wall panel 10 shown in Figure 1A is approximately 1.7 m high, approximately 1.2 m wide, and weighs approximately 2.2 kg. Wall ribs 11 are provided on both sides of the wall panel 10 as connecting sections for connecting to adjacent wall panels. The outwardly bent wall ribs 11 have through-holes 50 at positions facing the wall ribs of adjacent wall panels, allowing for easy connection using connecting devices.

[0036] (A) The bottom of the wall panel 10 shown in the figure has floor ribs 12 formed in a stripe shape as a downward bending portion of the wall that bends outward to prevent a gap between the floor of a gymnasium or other structure and the wall. The center of the wall panel 10 has an openable portion 15 surrounded by a break line 13 shown by a dashed line to facilitate cutting and a fold line 14 shown by a dot-dash line to facilitate bending. The break line 13 alternates between 3 cm long cut sections that penetrate the front and back and 1 cm long uncut sections. The fold line 14 thins the thickness of one of the front and back surfaces in a stripe shape to facilitate bending.

[0037] The openable portion 15 is surrounded by a semicircular break line 13 at the top and a straight break line 13 at the bottom. A fold line 14 is formed in the straight line connecting the ends of the upper and lower break lines. Furthermore, in the center of the openable portion, break lines 13 are formed vertically and horizontally to form a cross. To use the openable portion 15 as an entrance / exit for evacuees, the upper break line 13, the lower break line 13, and the uncut portion of the vertical center break line 13 are cut with a cutter, and the openable portion is opened to the left and right using the fold lines 14 on the sides of the openable portion as guides, resulting in a double-hinged entrance / exit. Of course, a single-hinged entrance / exit on only one side from the center may also be used.

[0038] To turn the openable portion 15 into a window, simply use a cutter to cut the upper break line 13, the horizontal center break line 13, and the uncut portion of the vertical center break line 13 from the upper break line to the horizontal center break line, opening the openable portion 15. Because the wall panel 10 is a double-float board and is thick, returning the openable portion to its original position creates a gap wide enough to prevent light from leaking in and to prevent outside noise from entering. This ensures privacy and prevents objects from collapsing or falling from the surrounding area, reducing anxiety after a disaster and providing a space where you can sleep safely at night.

[0039] In addition, since the airtightness is improved, it becomes easier to maintain the temperature inside the structure and to suppress infectious diseases. The openable portion is not limited to the above-mentioned doorway or window shape, and it may be used as a ventilation opening by slightly opening only the upper part of the semicircular breaking line 13, or it may be used for other purposes such as a wiring route for electrical equipment by evacuees with their own ingenuity.

[0040] A plurality of wall panels 10, 10... conforming to the above specifications are connected by wall ribs 11, 11 arranged in stripes on both sides to form a wall section 60 (see Figure 3(A)). The wall ribs 11 of the wall panels are bent outward from the accommodation space, and the facing wall ribs 11, 11 of adjacent wall panels are provided with through-holes 50 to allow penetration. Known resin connectors (not shown) or cardboard connectors (hereinafter referred to as connectors) are inserted into the through-holes 50 formed in the overlapping wall ribs to connect the adjacent wall panels 10, 10. If the gaps between the overlapping wall ribs 11, 11 are left slightly open and used as space for clamping wiring, the wiring of electrical appliances brought in by evacuees is less likely to become tangled.

[0041] You can divide the space into any number of wall panels. For example, four wall panels can be used to divide the space into approximately 1.0 m. ２ If two wall panels are connected in a straight line, a space with a floor area of ​​approximately 2m on each side can be enclosed, which can be used as a sleeping space for evacuees.

[0042] The roof section 70 (see Figure 3(A)) is made up of a tall, isosceles triangular roof panel 20 shown in Figure (B), a short, isosceles triangular roof panel 30 shown in Figure (C), and a right-angled triangular roof panel 40 shown in Figure (D), all of which are made of cardboard sheets made of the same material as the wall panels 10. The bases of the roof panels shown in Figures (B) to (C) are the same width as the wall panels 10, and each is placed on top of the wall panels.

[0043] The roof section 70 is a polygonal pyramid, and the space inside the ceiling is high, so there is no feeling of oppression. Circular breaking lines 23, 33, and 43 are drawn in the center of each roof panel. By cutting the uncut portions of the circular breaking lines with a cutter to create openings, ventilation can be achieved to prevent heat buildup in the summer.

[0044] Once the circular cardboard panels have been cut to create openings, they can be fitted back into place to create a light-tight roof that does not disturb peaceful sleep. Furthermore, by assembling multiple roof panels and placing them on the floor as a polygonal pyramid-shaped hideaway, they can be used as a playground for small children, helping to ease the tensions that can easily arise between evacuees.

[0045] The inclined ribs 21 forming the adjacent roof joints of the eight roof panels 20 shown in Figure (B) are connected to form a regular octagonal pyramid roof section 71. By placing this roof section 71 on top of the wall section 61 made up of the eight wall panels 10 shown in Figure (A), a sleeping space of approximately 3 tatami mats (see Figure 4) can be created, providing sleeping space for two people. This large sleeping space can be used as a lodging space for wheelchair users and evacuees requiring assistance, or as a temporary relief facility for the injured.

[0046] Furthermore, if the inclined ribs 31, 31 of the six roof panels shown in Figure (C) are connected to form a regular hexagonal pyramid roof, and this is placed on top of the wall section made up of the six wall panels shown in Figure (A), it will create a living space of about 1.5 tatami mats, which will provide enough space for one person. There is no limit to the number of roof panels and wall panels used, and they can be combined according to the size and shape required for the structure.

[0047] Furthermore, using ten roof panels 20 (see Figure 1B) and ten wall panels 10 (see Figure 1A) creates a sleeping space of approximately 4.5 tatami mats in size, in the shape of a regular decagon. Using four types of standardized boards, it is possible to construct structures with different shapes, each with a high ceiling and varying floor area, creating evacuation spaces. This minimizes the variation in the area occupied by each person, regardless of the number of evacuees, and reduces the sense of inequality felt by evacuees, allowing them to evacuate in an environment with minimal friction.

[0048] Here, a structure 1 (see FIG. 3(A)) having a square planar shape will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. One side of the structure 1 consists of two right-angled triangular roof panels 40 shown in FIG. 1(D) and two wall panels 10 shown in FIG. 1(A). FIG. 2 shows the two right-angled triangular roof panels and two wall panels arranged side by side. The roof panel 40 is formed with an inclined rib 41 and a vertical rib 42 that form the roof panel connection portion, and a lower rib 44 that forms the roof's downward bending portion. The inclined rib 41, the vertical rib 42, and the lower rib 44 each have a through hole 50 that is identical in shape to a vertically elongated oval. Needless to say, the shape of the through hole is not limited.

[0049] The two roof panels 40, 40 are bent outward so that their respective vertical ribs 42 are in contact with each other, and a connector is inserted into a through hole 50 formed at a corresponding position on the opposing vertical ribs to assemble the two adjacent roof panels 40, 40, and the lower ribs 44, 44 of the two roof panels are bent inward to form one surface of the roof part.

[0050] The two wall panels 10, 10 are joined together with the wall ribs 11 bent outward, a connector is inserted into the through-holes 50 in the wall ribs 11, the floor ribs 12 forming the downward bent portions of the walls are bent outward, and the two adjacent wall panels 10, 10 are assembled to form one surface of the wall. At the upper end of the wall panel 10, a through-hole 50 of a shape corresponding to the through-hole 50 in the lower rib 44 of the roof panel 40 shown in Figure 1(D) is provided, facing the through-hole 50 in the lower rib.

[0051] The structure 1, which has a square planar shape, is assembled using four sets of wall panels 10 and roof panels 40 that form one side of the structure 1. First, the wall ribs 11 of all the wall panels are bent outward, and the floor ribs 12 are bent outward, and then one side of the wall section 60 (see FIG. 3(A)) is assembled, and then the inclined ribs 41 of all the roof panels are bent outward, and the lower ribs 44 are bent inward, and then one side of the roof section 70 is assembled.

[0052] The ridgelines of the four roof surface members are aligned, the outwardly bent inclined ribs 41 are faced to each other, and connectors are inserted into the through-holes to assemble the roof section 70. The wall ribs 11 at each corner of the wall surfaces are set up vertically to surround a square planar space, and connectors are inserted into the through-holes of the opposing wall ribs 11 to assemble the wall section 60.

[0053] The roof section 70, which is also assembled as an integral unit, is placed on top of the wall sections 60, and the lower inner surfaces of the lower ribs 44 of each roof panel that makes up the roof section cover the upper ends of the wall panels 10. The through holes in the lower ribs 44 are aligned with the through holes arranged at the upper ends of the wall panels 10, and connectors are inserted to unite the roof section 70 and the wall sections 60, thereby forming the square planar structure 1. Since the structure 1 weighs approximately 27 kg, even after assembly, it can be shifted and installed at any position on the floor of the gymnasium or the like that will form the evacuation space, so that a passageway can be secured outside the structure in the evacuation space.

[0054] After the structure 1 is installed, the outwardly bent floor ribs 12 can be attached to the gymnasium floor with masking tape or the like to prevent them from shifting. Depending on the increase or decrease in the number of evacuees, the structure 1 can be repositioned to ensure appropriate spacing around the changed shape and size of the structure 1. Windows and entrances can be formed in the desired positions for the evacuees using the openable sections 15 defined on each of the eight walls.

[0055] An example of connecting structures 1 to form a composite structure 100 will now be briefly described with reference to Fig. 3. Fig. 3(A) shows a perspective view of the structure 1. Fig. 3(B) shows an example of two structures 1 arranged in a straight line to form the composite structure 100. In the composite structure 100, the space of the structure 1 on the entrance side can be used as a space for evacuees to use during the day for activities, and the space of the structure 1 further back from the entrance can be used as a sleeping space at night.

[0056] Figure 3(C) shows an example of a composite structure 110 in which three structures 1 are arranged in an L-shape. The composite structure 110 has two entrances. The space at the back of the L-shape is used as a resting space for young children and the elderly, and two entrances are provided: one for the resting space at the back and one for the space used for daytime activities. This allows neighbors to be admitted through the entrance to the space used for daytime activities while ensuring privacy for the resting space.

[0057] The composite structures 100, 110, in which the spaces of multiple structures are connected, may be assembled with the wall panels at the adjacent spaces removed, or some of the wall panels at the adjacent spaces may be left on the partitions. Even if local buildings are destroyed by a disaster and the local community is destroyed, the composite structures 100, 110, which are set up as evacuation spaces in the gymnasium, can help rebuild the community of disaster victims little by little, with the aim of rebuilding the area.

[0058] As Example 2, a structure 2 having an octagonal planar shape that can be used by wheelchair users will be described with reference to Figures 4 and 5. Figure 4 shows a perspective view of the structure 2, and Figure 5 shows a wheelchair entrance / exit 80. The structure 2 is composed of eight roof panels 20 as shown in Figure 1(B) and eight wall panels 10 arranged below each roof panel. The configuration and construction method of the roof panels and wall panels that make up the structure are the same as in Example 1, so only the wheelchair entrance / exit 80, which allows smooth entry even for wheelchair users, will be described with reference to Figure 5.

[0059] The openable portion 15 of the wall panel shown in Figure 1(A) ensures the rigidity of the wall panel 10 when the opening is open, while leaving a wall portion 16 that rises slightly from the floor below the entrance to prevent objects such as balls carried by small children evacuating from outside from rolling in. Wheelchair users are accompanied by an assistant, and the wheelchair is always stored within the structure, making the structure an octagonal structure with no partitions in plan to allow easy movement within the room.

[0060] However, if the rising wall 16 is left below the entrance, wheelchair users will not be able to enter. This structure 2 is made of cardboard and is easy to process, so all that is needed is to cut both sides 17 of the rising wall on both sides of the openable portion with a cutter, and then fold the floor ribs 12 outward and fold the wall panel at the position that will become the rising wall 16 inward (see the arrows in Figure 5).

[0061] In this way, when entering structure 2 from outside, the only step that wheelchair wheels 81 must overcome is the thickness of the flat wall panel, making it easy for wheelchairs to get over and creating wheelchair-accessible entrance / exit 80. Since structure 2 is made of cardboard and can be easily cut with a cutter, it is sufficient to modify a portion of structure 2 to make it easier for evacuees using strollers, elderly people using canes, etc. to use.

[0062] In Example 3, connectors 90, 91 made of cardboard will be described with reference to Figure 6. Figure 6(A-1) shows a connector 90 with one lateral protrusion at the top and bottom of each of the left and right side sections, and Figure 6(A-2) shows a connector 91 with two lateral protrusions at the top and bottom of each of the left and right side sections. Figure 6(B) is a perspective view showing wall ribs 11, 11 connected by one lateral protrusion at the top and one at the bottom. Figure 6 shows an example of connecting overlapping wall ribs 11, 11, but the same applies to connectors for roof ribs, so explanations are omitted.

[0063] The connectors 90, 91 are made of cardboard. There are no restrictions on the material of the connectors, but it is recommended that they be made of the same material as the wall panels and roof panels that make up the main body of the structure. The connectors 90, 91 are generally rectangular, and have left and right side sections 93, 93 at a center section 94, bounded by a pair of left and right fold lines 92, 92 (see the dashed dotted lines in Figures 6(A-1) and 6(A-2)).

[0064] The distance between the left and right fold lines 92, 92 is the same as the width of a vertically elongated through-hole 95 (see FIG. 6(B)) drilled in the wall rib 11. Central protrusions 96 are provided above and below the central portion 94. When the left and right side portions 93, 93 are narrowed and inserted through the through-holes 95, the upper and lower central protrusions 96, 96 are held on one side of the wall rib 11.

[0065] Left and right side portions 93, 93 are connected to a central portion 94, with a fold line 92 as the boundary. Each of the left and right side portions 93 has a lateral portion protrusion 97 provided above and below in at least one diagonal direction (see FIG. 6(A-1)). The lateral portion protrusion 97 is provided at a distance from the fold line 92 connecting to the central portion by the overlapping distance of the wall ribs 11, 11 (see α in FIG. 6(A-1)). When the lateral portion protrusion is provided only in one diagonal direction, the lateral portion protrusion 97 is easy to fold back even if the cardboard material is a double-float with high rigidity. The folding direction may be either inward or outward.

[0066] One of the diagonally arranged upward-facing side projections faces downward, and the other downward-facing side projection faces upward, and then the left and right side portions 93, 93 are folded back so that they face each other, and then the left and right side portions 93, 93 are inserted into the through-hole 95. After the left and right side portions are inserted into the through-hole 95, the downward-facing side projection is folded back upward, and the upward-facing side projection is folded back downward. The folded-back side projections 97, 97 are in contact with the outer surface of one of the wall ribs 11 (see FIG. 6B ).

[0067] When the side protruding pieces 97, 97 are arranged in one diagonal direction (see Figure 6 (A-1)), one of the folded back side protruding pieces supports the top of the wall rib 11, and the other side protruding piece supports the bottom of the wall rib 11, supporting the diagonal position of the through hole 95, not only making the cardboard connector 90 less likely to come loose, but also showing sufficient bonding strength to maintain the shape of the structure. Note that if the height of the through holes is made small and many are provided, side protruding pieces do not necessarily have to be provided in the diagonal direction, but may be provided only on either the top or bottom.

[0068] Each of the left and right side portions may be provided with upper and lower side protrusions 97, 98 (see FIG. 6(A-2)). If the cardboard is not a double-float cardboard, even if the upper and lower side protrusions 97, 98 are provided, the side protrusions are easy to fold back, and even after being folded back, the side protrusions 97, 98 and the central protrusion 96 hold the overlapping wall ribs 11, 11 between them at the four corners of the rectangular through-hole 95, providing a sufficient bonding force to maintain the shape of the structure.

[0069] (Other) ・Emergency structures may be installed outdoors. If so, it is preferable to use plastic cardboard panels to protect them from rainwater. ・The above examples show structure 1 with a square planar shape and structure 2 with an octagonal planar shape, but the planar shapes are not limited and any polygonal shape can be used. ・This structure was delivered to and installed at a local evacuation site immediately after the Noto Peninsula earthquake that occurred on New Year's Day, 2024, and was used by evacuees as an evacuation structure. Because the structure is made of cardboard, it is easy to modify. For example, instead of a nameplate, people could write "My House" on the wall and hang hangers with thumbtacks on the wall, providing a source of comfort for evacuees who had lost everything.

[0070] For indoor structures, using cardboard wall panels allows evacuees to easily write their thoughts on the walls, fostering vitality. While Example 1 described a composite structure assembled using square structures, the planar shape of the composite structure is not limited; for example, square and octagonal structures may be combined, and the number of structures used is not limited. Furthermore, overlapping wall panels may be omitted or retained. While the above example describes an evacuation use, the use is not limited, and the structure may be used as, for example, a construction worker's changing room, a portable toilet, or a school assembly room. The disclosed embodiments are illustrative in all respects and should not be considered restrictive. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above description, but is defined by the claims, and all modifications within the meaning and scope of the claims are intended to be included.

[0071] REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1, 2...structure, 10...wall panel, 11...wall rib, 12...floor rib, 13...break line, 14...fold line, 15...openable portion, 16...rising wall portion, 17...both sides, 20...roof panel, 21...inclined rib, 23...break line, 24...break line, 30...roof panel, 31...inclined rib, 33...break line, 34...break line, 40...roof panel, 41...inclined rib, 42...vertical rib, 43...break line, 44...lower rib, 50...through hole, 60...wall portion, 61...wall portion, 70...roof portion, 71...roof portion, 80...wheelchair entrance / exit, 81...wheel, 90...connector, 91...connector, 92...fold line, 93...side portion, 94...central portion, 95... Through hole, 96... Center protruding piece, 97... Side protruding piece, 98... Side protruding piece, 100... Composite structure, 110... Composite structure

Claims

1. A structure consisting of a plurality of roof panels and wall panels surrounding a space where people stay, wherein the roof panels and the wall panels are each made of cardboard panels of a standardized size and shape, an opening can be formed in the center of the wall panels, roof panel connecting portions are provided on both edges of each roof panel in the form of stripes so as to be bent outward, and roof downward bending portions are provided on the lower edge of each roof panel in the form of stripes so as to be bent inward, wall panel connecting portions are provided on both edges of each wall panel in the form of stripes so as to be bent outward, and wall downward bending portions are provided on the lower edge of each wall panel in the form of stripes so as to be bent outward, and through holes are provided at the positions where adjacent pairs of bent roof panel connecting portions face each other, and at the positions where adjacent pairs of bent wall panel connecting portions face each other, The roof panel connecting portions are bent and connecting devices are connected to adjacent through holes to form a polygonal pyramidal roof portion, and the roof downward bending portion is bent downward, the wall panel connecting portions are bent and connecting devices are connected to adjacent through holes to form a polygonal prism-shaped wall portion, the roof downward bending portion covers the top of the wall portion and is connected to the wall portion, and the wall downward bending portion is bent outward to contact the floor.

2. The structure described in claim 1, characterized in that the opening is surrounded by break lines and fold lines, the break lines being provided at least on the central vertical line of the opening and on the upper and lower edges of the opening, and the fold lines being provided on both side edges of the opening, and the opening is opened from the central vertical line by cutting the break lines, and is folded along the fold lines to form an entrance / exit.

3. A structure as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the connector is made of cardboard and comprises a central portion and side portions bent left and right from the central portion, the central portion has a central protruding piece that protrudes upward and downward, each of the side portions has a side protruding piece at least either above or below, the side protruding piece is spaced from the fold line with the central portion by a distance equivalent to the length of the overlapping cardboard sheets, the side portions are bent so as to face each other, and the side protruding pieces are narrowed in a folded state and passed through the through hole, and then the side protruding pieces are folded back, and the overlapping cardboard sheets that form the roof panel connecting portion or the wall panel connecting portion are sandwiched between the central protruding piece and the side protruding piece.

4. A structure as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the cardboard sheet is made up of an upper surface material, a middle surface material, a lower surface material, and two corrugated sheet materials with different bending heights, one of the corrugated sheet materials being arranged between the upper surface material and the middle surface material, and the other corrugated sheet material being arranged between the middle surface material and the lower surface material.

5. The structure according to claim 2, further characterized in that a horizontal break line is provided in the center of the height direction of the opening, and by cutting the horizontal break line, the break lines provided on the center vertical line and the upper edge, the upper part of the opening is opened to form a window opening.

6. A composite structure in which a plurality of the structures described in claim 1 or claim 2 are integrated, characterized in that the wall panel joints of the respective wall panels arranged on the exterior of the composite structure are connected, and the internal spaces of the structures that make up the composite structure are integrated.

7. A composite structure in which a plurality of the structures described in claim 3 are integrated, characterized in that the wall panel joints of the respective wall panels arranged on the exterior of the composite structure are connected, and the internal spaces of the structures that make up the composite structure are integrated.

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