Tie-rodless hidrolik kirici

Abstract

The invention is a hydraulic breaker, which is equipment used for breaking large rocks or any objects intended to be reduced into smaller pieces, characterized by: - including a monolithic body (60) designed to reduce the number of components that may fail during the breaking operation, ensuring uninterrupted machine operation, lowering production, assembly, and maintenance costs, facilitating preventive and corrective maintenance processes, and eliminating separate components prone to failure, such as tie rods (140), the lower body (150), and the valve body (160).

Description

[0001] Tie-Rodless Hydraulic Breaker

[0002] Technical Field

[0003] The invention relates to hydraulic breakers, which are equipment used for breaking large rocks or any objects intended to be reduced into smaller pieces.

[0004] Background of the Invention

[0005] Hydraulic rock breakers are tools used to reduce the size of large rocks into smaller pieces in various environments such as underwater, marble quarries, and tunnel operations. Hydraulic rock breakers are equipment that operate by being attached to excavators (e.g., backhoe loaders, mini excavators, etc.).

[0006] In the current technique, breakers are equipped with tie rods. In hydraulic breakers, high-pressure hydraulic oil supplied by a pump is controlled to impart bidirectional axial motion to a piston within the breaker body. The motion on one side of the piston is restricted by a tool tip in contact with the workpiece, and during its cyclic motion, the piston periodically strikes the tool tip using the energy it receives from the high-pressure oil. The tool tip, made of hard steel material, transfers this impact energy to the workpiece with minimal loss, thereby performing the breaking function.

[0007] Conventional hydraulic breakers, in their most basic form, consist of at least three body components designed for controlling the pressurized hydraulic oil within the breaker, providing support for the piston, and supporting the tool tip. The assembly of these components is achieved using threaded elements of various lengths, commonly referred to as "Tie Rods" in the terminology.

[0008] The forces generated by the high-pressure oil and piston motion within the hydraulic breaker are transferred to the tie rods through the body components. Consequently, tie rods are subjected to large and high-frequency axial loads during the operation of a conventional hydraulic breaker. Due to the challenging working conditions, tie rods are prone to failure, costly to produce, and labor-intensive to assemble. In the current technique, tie rods (140) connect the valve body (160), seal housing (20), cylinder (170), and lower body (150).

[0009] Purpose of Invention

[0010] The objective of the invention is to develop a hydraulic breaker in which tie rods, prone to failure, are eliminated, thereby reducing the number of components that could fail during the breaking operation, ensuring uninterrupted operation of the machine, and significantly enhancing its reliability.

[0011] Another objective of the invention is to develop a hydraulic breaker with reduced assembly and maintenance costs.

[0012] A further objective of the invention is to develop a lighter hydraulic breaker.

[0013] Another objective of the invention is to develop a hydraulic breaker with reduced production costs.

[0014] An additional objective of the invention is to facilitate preventive and corrective maintenance processes for a hydraulic breaker.

[0015] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the developed hydraulic breaker includes a monolithic body (60) designed to reduce the number of components that could fail during the breaking operation, ensure uninterrupted machine operation, lower production, assembly, and maintenance costs, simplify preventive and corrective maintenance processes, and eliminate the tie rods (1 0), lower body (150), and valve body (160), which are separate components prone to failure.

[0016] Explanation of Figures

[0017] Figure l is a top-perspective sectional view of a tie-rod hydraulic breaker used in the current technique.

[0018] Figure 2 is another top-perspective sectional view of a tie-rod hydraulic breaker used in the current technique. Figure 3 is a front-perspective view of a tie-rodless hydraulic breaker.

[0019] Figure 4 is a rear-perspective view of a tie-rodless hydraulic breaker.

[0020] Figure 5 is an exploded-perspective view of the body of a tie-rodless hydraulic breaker.

[0021] Figure 6 is a sectional view of a tie-rodless hydraulic breaker.

[0022] Figure 7 is a sectional view showing the use of O-rings and seals for the cylinder of a tie-rodless hydraulic breaker.

[0023] Figure 8 is a sectional view showing the use of O-rings and seals for the seal housing of a tie-rodless hydraulic breaker.

[0024] Figure 9 is a perspective view showing the open-chassis configuration of a tierodless hydraulic breaker.

[0025] Figure 10 is a perspective view showing the closed-chassis configuration of a tierodless hydraulic breaker.

[0026] Here is the list of components with their corresponding labels and descriptions:

[0027] (B) - Hydraulic Breaker

[0028] (O) - O-ring

[0029] (K) - Seal

[0030] (P) - Washer

[0031] (10) - Accumulator

[0032] (11) - Upper Cover

[0033] (12) - Diaphragm

[0034] (13) - Lower Cover

[0035] (14) - Cover Bolt

[0036] (15) - Accumulator Stud (16) - Accumulator Valve Cap

[0037] (17) - Accumulator Valve

[0038] (18) - Gas Charging Washer

[0039] (20) - Seal Housing

[0040] (30) - Distributor

[0041] (40) - Piston

[0042] (50) - Cylinder

[0043] (60) - Body

[0044] (61) - Oil Tank Return

[0045] (62) - Pressurized Oil Inlet

[0046] (63) - Grease Inlet

[0047] (63.1) - Grease Fitting

[0048] (64) - Machining Hole

[0049] (65) - Air Inlet

[0050] (65.1) - Air Inlet Plug

[0051] (66) - Wedge Hole

[0052] (67) - Pin Hole

[0053] (67.1) - Pin

[0054] (67.2) - Set Screw

[0055] (68) - Accumulator Stud Slot

[0056] (70) - Operating Valve

[0057] (71) - Bolt

[0058] (72) - Operating Valve Cap

[0059] (73) - Pin

[0060] (74) - Operating Valve Spring

[0061] (75) - Valve

[0062] (76) - Guide

[0063] (80) - Combined Bushing

[0064] (90) - Upper Damper

[0065] (100) - Lower Damper

[0066] (110) - Wedge

[0067] (120) - Wear Plate

[0068] (130) - Tool Tip

[0069] (140) - Tie Rod

[0070] (150) - Lower Body

[0071] (160) - Valve Body

[0072] (170) - Open Chassis

[0073] (180) - Closed Chassis Detailed Explanation of the Invention

[0074] The invention relates to hydraulic breakers (B), which are equipment used for breaking large rocks or any objects intended to be reduced into smaller pieces. The hydraulic breaker (B) subject to the invention features a monolithic body (60).

[0075] In general, large hydraulic breakers in the current technique consist of four separate components: a valve body, a seal housing, a cylinder, and a lower body. Smaller hydraulic breakers, on the other hand, consist of three separate components: a valve body, a cylinder, and a lower body. These valve body, seal housing, cylinder, and lower body components are connected to each other using tie rods (140).

[0076] In the hydraulic breaker (B) of the invention, the body (60) is made as a single piece. Since it is manufactured as a single piece, the need to assemble multiple components to form the body, as required in conventional hydraulic breakers, is eliminated. Consequently, the use of tie rods (140) is no longer necessary.

[0077] To ensure more stable operation of the hydraulic breaker (B) during impact, an accumulator (10) is included. The accumulator (10) fills with oil at operating pressure before the piston (40) initiates its strike. The downward motion of the piston (40) is extremely rapid. During operation, when the input flow is insufficient to accelerate the piston (40) downward, the pressurized oil from the accumulator (10) compensates for the deficit. This ensures that the pushing force is continuously applied to the piston (40) during movement.

[0078] The accumulator (10) generally comprises an upper cover (11), a diaphragm (12), a lower cover (13), cover bolts (14), accumulator studs (15), an accumulator valve cap (16), an accumulator valve (17), and agas charging washer (18). The diaphragm (12) is positioned between the upper cover (11) and the lower cover (13).

[0079] The diaphragm (12) separates the pressurized oil and gas within the accumulator (10). The pressurized oil is located between the lower cover (13) and the diaphragm (12), while the pressurized gas is located between the upper cover (11) and the diaphragm (12). The mentioned lower cover (13) and upper cover (11) are connected to each other using cover bolts (14).

[0080] The accumulator studs (15) secure the accumulator (10) to the body (60) through the seal housing (20). Additionally, the accumulator (10), which is fixed to the body (60) via accumulator studs (15), prevents the upward movement of the seal housing (20) and the cylinder (50).

[0081] The accumulator valve cap (16) protects the accumulator valve (17). The accumulator valve (17) is the location on the upper cover (11) where the nozzle of the apparatus used to introduce pressurized gas between the upper cover (11) and the diaphragm (12) is attached.

[0082] The gas charging washer (18) is the component that allows pressurized gas to enter the accumulator (10) during gas charging and prevents the internal pressure from escaping.

[0083] The seal housing (20) in the hydraulic breaker (B) subject to the invention houses seals that prevent oil from passing to the upper section of the piston (40) during operation. Furthermore, it ensures the transfer of pressurized oil from the accumulator (10) to the upper section of the piston.

[0084] The control of pressurized oil based on the position of the piston (40) is managed by the distributor (30). When the piston (40) is in the upper position, the distributor (30) closes the return line connection of the volume it is in and allows the flow of pressurized oil. When the piston (40) is in the lower position, the distributor (30) opens the return line connection and blocks the flow of pressurized oil.

[0085] The cyclical axial motion of the piston (40) is achieved through the control of pressurized oil supplied via the pressurized oil inlet (62) into the breaker. The piston (40) transfers the energy it receives from the pressurized oil to the tool tip (130) by striking it, which is in contact with the workpiece.

[0086] The supply of hydraulic oil required for the functions of the piston (40) and distributor (30) is facilitated through the pressure, return, and signal channels located on the cylinder (50). Additionally, the cylinder (50) serves as a bearing for the piston (40) and the distributor (30).

[0087] The body (60) includes the following components: an oil tank return (61), pressurized oil inlet (62), grease oil inlet (63), machining holes (64), air inlet (65), wedge hole (66), and pin hole (67).

[0088] The oil tank return (61) is the point where the oil line from the excavator's oil tank connects to the breaker.

[0089] The pressurized oil inlet (62) is the point where the pressurized oil line from the excavator connects to the breaker. The grease oil inlet (63) is the starting point of the grease oil line designed to lubricate the combined bushing (80) and the tool tip (130) within the breaker (B). The grease oil inlet (63) includes a grease fitting (63.1) where the nozzle of the grease pump used for injecting grease is attached.

[0090] The machining holes (64) are used to connect oil lines drilled at different angles within the breaker (B). After establishing the connection, the external openings of the machining holes (64) on the body (60) are sealed with blind plugs.

[0091] The air inlet (65) prevents water from entering the volume where the upper section of the tool tip (130) and the lower section of the piston (40) (the impact zone) are located when the breaker (B) operates underwater. Pressurized air is supplied to this volume through the air inlet (65), ensuring the effective collision of the tool tip (130) and piston (40) without obstruction by water. The air inlet (65) is sealed with an O-ring (O) and an air inlet plug (65.1). The air inlet plug (65.1) allows pressurized air to escape during impact, enhancing the collision when the breaker is not operating underwater. The O-ring (O) on the air inlet (65) prevents dust from entering from the outside.

[0092] The wedge hole (66) is used to mount the wedge (110) to the body (60) to secure the tool tip (130).

[0093] The pin hole (67) is used to mount the pin (67.1) and setscrew (67.2) on the body (60). The pin (67.1) prevents axial movement of the combined bushing (80) and the wedge (110), ensuring they do not come out of the body (60). The setscrew (67.2) prevents axial movement of the pin (67.1), ensuring it remains fixed within the body (60).

[0094] The breaker (B) includes an operating valve (70) to control the working pressure of the breaker. The operating valve (70) consists of a bolt (71), an operating valve cap (72), a pin (73), an operating valve spring (74), a valve (75), and a guide (76).

[0095] The bolt (71) is a fastener that secures the components of the operating valve (70) to each other and to the body (60).

[0096] The operating valve cap (72) prevents the internal components of the operating valve (70) from coming out of the body. The pin (73) provides a seat for the operating valve spring (74). The operating valve spring (74) resists the axial movement of the valve (75) and prevents the breaker from operating until the required working pressure is achieved. The primary component of the operating valve (70), the valve (75), pushes the operating valve spring (74) when the breaker reaches its working pressure, thereby opening the distributor's (30) return line to the oil tank return (61). Until sufficient pressure is reached, this line remains closed, causing the oil in the volume where the distributor (30) is located to compress, preventing the upward movement of the piston (40). Consequently, the breaker (B) is prevented from operating until the working pressure is achieved. A guide (76) is included within the operating valve (70) to provide a seat for the valve (75).

[0097] The breaker (B) incorporates a combined bushing (80). The combined bushing (80) is placed between the tool tip (130), which is mobile and subjected to radial loads during operation, and the body (60). It prevents wear on the body (60) and restricts the upward movement of the tool tip (130) within the body (60). Additionally, it centers the tool tip (130) to ensure that the surface impacted by the piston (40) is perpendicular to and concentric with the motion of the piston (40).

[0098] The breaker (B) features an upper damper (90) made of polymer material. The upper damper (90) absorbs the vibrations generated within the breaker (B) during operation, reducing the transmission of vibrations to the breaker chassis and, subsequently, to the excavator.

[0099] The lower damper (100) in the breaker (B) is also made of polymer material. Its polymer composition allows it to absorb vibrations generated during operation, minimizing the transmission of vibrations to the breaker chassis and the excavator.

[0100] The wedge (110) in the breaker (B) secures the tool tip (130) to the body (60) by restricting its downward movement.

[0101] The wear plate (120) is positioned between the body (60) and the chassis. Made of polymer material, the wear plate (120) dampens noise and vibrations generated within the breaker during operation. It also prevents the metallic body (60) and chassis from wearing against each other.

[0102] The tool tip (130) in the breaker (B) is a hardened metal component that physically performs the breaking process by transferring the impact energy from the piston (40) to the workpiece.

[0103] The tie-rodless breaker (B) subject to the invention can be mounted on different chassis types, including open chassis (170) and closed chassis (180). The chassis acts as an intermediary component to attach the breaker (B) to an excavator. Additionally, it protects the breaker (B) from harmful effects in its working environment and reduces operating noise. The closed chassis (180) provides higher protection and better noise insulation for the breaker (B). However, the open chassis (170) allows for a lighter and more cost-effective connection of the breaker (B) to the excavator.

[0104] In the current technique, a monolithic body (60) is not present. In the breaker (B) subject to the invention, the lower body (150), which is a separate component in the current technique, has been eliminated. The function of the removed lower body (150) is performed by the lower section of the monolithic body (60).

[0105] In the current technique, a valve body (160) containing the operating valve and tie rod slots is present on the breaker. In the breaker (B) subject to the invention, the operating valve (70) has been relocated to the monolithic body (60), and the valve body (160) has been eliminated since tie rods (140) are no longer used.

[0106] In the current technique, a cylinder (170) is located as a separate component in the middle section of the breaker. The cylinder (170) is one of the main components that houses pressure, return, and signal channels and serves as a bearing for the piston (40). In the breaker (B) subject to the invention, the cylinder (170) has been redesigned as a cylinder (50) to be integrated into the monolithic body (60).

[0107] In the current technique, accumulator studs (15) are used only to attach the accumulator (10) to the valve body (160). In the new structure, these studs are used to attach the accumulator (10) to the monolithic body (60) and also to secure the cylinder (50) and seal housing (20), which are integrated into the body (60).

[0108] In the current technique, the operating valve (70), pressurized oil inlet (62), and oil tank return (61) are located on the valve body (160). In the breaker (B) subject to the invention, these components have been transferred to the monolithic body (60).

[0109] The closed chassis (180) surrounds the breaker (B) entirely and attaches it to the excavator. With its wear plates (120), lower damper (100), and upper damper (90), it provides more effective vibration damping and operates more quietly compared to the open chassis (170).

[0110] The hydraulic breaker (B), assumed to operate vertically on a flat surface, follows the described steps starting from the point in the impact cycle where the piston (40) is at its lowest position (tool tip (130) down, piston (40) up):

[0111] The tool tip (130) is pressed against the workpiece by the attached excavator.

[0112] The upward motion of the tool tip (130) pushes the piston (40) upward.

[0113] As the piston (40) moves upward, it opens the volume at the lower part of the cylinder (50) to the pressurized oil line. The pressurized oil acting from below accelerates the piston (40) upward.

[0114] - During its upward motion within the cylinder (50), the piston (40) pushes the distributor (30) upward.

[0115] The upward motion of the distributor (30) closes the upper part of the cylinder (50) to the return line and opens it to the pressurized oil line.

[0116] The pressurization of the upper part of the cylinder (50) causes the piston (40) to accelerate downward.

[0117] - During the downward motion of the piston (40), the signal line specially designed between the cylinder (50) and the piston (40) is pressurized.

[0118] The pressurization of the signal line pushes the distributor (30) downward, blocking the pressurized oil line to the upper part of the cylinder (50) and opening it to the return line, preparing the upper part of the cylinder (50) for the next cycle.

[0119] The downward motion of the piston (40) is restricted by the tool tip (130), resulting in the piston (40) striking the tool tip (130).

[0120] The impact energy is transferred by the tool tip (130) to the workpiece, performing the breaking function.

[0121] The invention is a hydraulic breaker designed for breaking large rocks or any objects intended to be reduced into smaller pieces. It is characterized by a monolithic body (60) that reduces the number of components that may fail during the breaking operation, ensuring uninterrupted machine operation, lowering production, assembly, and maintenance costs, facilitating preventive and corrective maintenance, and eliminating individual components prone to failure, such as tie rods (140), the lower body (150), and the valve body (160).

Claims

C L A I M S1. The invention is a hydraulic breaker, which is equipment used for breaking large rocks or objects intended to be reduced into smaller pieces, contains;Including a monolithic body (60) designed to reduce the number of components that may fail during the breaking operation, ensuring uninterrupted machine operation, lowering production, assembly, and maintenance costs, facilitating preventive and corrective maintenance, and eliminating the need for individual components prone to failure, such as tie rods (140), the lower body (150), and the valve body (160).

2. The body (60) as described in Claim 1, contains; including an accumulator stud slot (68) that connects the accumulator (10) to the body (60) via an accumulator stud (15).

3. The hydraulic breaker (B) as described in Claim 1, contains; including an accumulator stud (15) that secures the cylinder (50) and the seal housing (20), which are integrated into the body (60), in their respective positions.

4. The hydraulic breaker (B) as described in Claim 1, contains; including a monolithic body (60) that incorporates an oil tank return (61), pressurized oil inlet (62), grease oil inlet (63), machining hole (64), air inlet (65), wedge hole (66), and pin hole (67), and provides the required internal working space for the seal housing (20), distributor (30), piston (40), cylinder (50), operating valve (70), combined bushing (80), upper damper (90), lower damper (100), wedge (110), wear plate (120), and tool tip (130).

5. The body (60) as described in Claim 1, contains; an oil tank return (61), which is the point where the oil line from the excavator's oil tank connects to the breaker.A pressurized oil inlet (62), which is the point where the pressurized oil line from the excavator connects to the breaker.A grease oil inlet (63), which serves as the starting point of the grease oil line for lubricating the combined bushing (80) and the tool tip (130) within the breaker (B), and includes a grease fitting (63.1) for attaching the nozzle of the grease pump used for injecting grease.- Machining holes (64), which are used to connect oil lines drilled at various angles within the breaker (B).An air inlet (65), which prevents water from entering the volume where the upper part of the tool tip (130) andthe lower part of the piston (40) (the impact zone) are located during underwater operation by supplying pressurized air, ensuring effective collision of the tool tip (130) and the piston (40) without obstruction by water.A wedge hole (66), which is used to mount the wedge (110) to the body (60).A pin hole (67), which is used to mount the pin (67.1) and the setscrew (67.2) on the body (60).

6. The air inlet (65) as described in Claim 2, contains an air inlet plug (65.1), which, when connected to the air inlet (65) during non-underwater operations, allows pressurized air to be released during impact to ensure a more effective collision.

7. The pin hole (67) as described in Claim 2, contains;A pin (67.1), which prevents the axial movement of the combined bushing (80) and the wedge (110), ensuring they do not detach from the body (60).A setscrew (67.2), which prevents the axial movement of the pin (67.1), ensuring it remains fixed within the body (60).

8. The hydraulic breaker (B) as described in Claim 1, contains; a seal housing (20) that contains seals to prevent oil from passing to the upper section of the piston (40) during operation and facilitates the transfer of pressurized oil from the accumulator (10) to the upper section of the piston.

9. The hydraulic breaker (B) as described in Claim 1, contains;A distributor (30) that, when the piston (40) is in the upward position, closes the return line connection of the volume it occupies and allows the passage of pressurized oil, and when the piston (40) is in the downward position, opens the return line connection and blocks the pressurized oil inlet.

10. The hydraulic breaker (B) as described in Claim 1, contains;A piston (40) that ensures cyclical axial motion through oil control and transfers the energy it receives from the pressurized oil to the tool tip (130) by striking it while in contact with the workpiece.

11. The hydraulic breaker (B) as described in Claim 1, contains;A cylinder (50) that provides pressure, return, and signal channels necessary for the operation of the piston (40) and the distributor (30), and serves as a bearing for the piston (40).

12. The hydraulic breaker (B) as described in Claim 1, contains;An operating valve (70) that controls the working pressure of the breaker (B).

13. The operating valve (70) as described in Claim 12, contains;A bolt (71), which is a fastening element that secures the components of the operating valve (70) to each other and to the body (60).An operating valve cap (72), which prevents the internal components of the operating valve (70) from coming out of the body.A pin (73), which provides a seat for the operating valve spring (74).A valve (75), which, upon reaching the working pressure of the breaker, pushes the operating valve spring (74), opening the distributor’s (30) return line to the oil tank return (61) and thereby allowing the piston (40) to rise within the cylinder (50).A guide (76), which provides a seat for the valve (75).

14. The hydraulic breaker (B) as described in Claim 1, contains;A combined bushing (80) that is positioned between the tool tip (130), which is mobile and subjected to radial loads during operation, and the body (60), preventing wear on the body (60), restricting the upward movement of the tool tip (130) within the body (60), and centering the tool tip (130) to ensure that the surface impacted by the piston (40) is perpendicular to and concentric with the motion of the piston (40).

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