Signal transmission method and apparatus, information configuration method and apparatus, and readable storage medium

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of communications. Disclosed are a signal transmission method and apparatus, an information configuration method and apparatus, and a readable storage medium. The signal transmission method in the embodiments of the present application comprises: a first device generating a first signal on the basis of first information and a received carrier signal, wherein the first signal is a backscattered chirp spread spectrum (CSS) modulated signal; and sending the first signal.

Description

Signal transmission method, information configuration method, apparatus and readable storage medium

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410563890.0, filed in China on May 8, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application belongs to the field of communication technology, specifically relating to a signal transmission method, an information configuration method, an apparatus, and a readable storage medium. Background Technology

[0004] Chirp spread spectrum (CSS) modulation primarily uses linear frequency modulated signals to carry information bits. Related technologies have proposed applying CSS modulation to backscatter communication systems, allowing for the selection of different backscatter CSS modulation implementations based on the type and capabilities of various backscattering devices to meet diverse communication needs. In this context, how to implement a backscatter communication process based on CSS modulation is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a signal transmission method, an information configuration method, an apparatus, and a readable storage medium, which can solve the problem of how to implement a backscatter communication process based on CSS modulation.

[0006] In a first aspect, a signal transmission method is provided, performed by a first device, the method comprising:

[0007] The first device generates a first signal based on the first information and the received carrier signal, wherein the first signal is a backscattered chirped spread spectrum (CSS) modulated signal.

[0008] The first device sends the first signal.

[0009] Secondly, a signal transmission method is provided, executed by a second device, the method comprising:

[0010] The second device executes the first operation based on the third information;

[0011] The first operation includes at least: receiving a first signal sent by a first device and demodulating the first signal; the first signal is a CSS modulated signal obtained by backscattering a carrier signal.

[0012] Thirdly, an information configuration method is provided, executed by a fifth device, the method comprising:

[0013] The fifth device performs the second operation;

[0014] The second operation includes at least one of the following: sending a first message or a second message to a first device, sending a third message or a fourth message to a second device, or sending a fourth message to a third device;

[0015] Wherein, the first information is used to generate a first signal, which is a backscattered CSS modulated signal; the second information is used to receive a carrier signal; the third information is used to receive and demodulate the first signal; and the fourth information is used to transmit the carrier signal.

[0016] Fourthly, a signal transmission device is provided, applied to a first device, comprising:

[0017] The generation module is used to generate a first signal based on the first information and the received carrier signal, wherein the first signal is a backscattered chirped spread spectrum (CSS) modulated signal.

[0018] The first transmitting module is used to transmit the first signal.

[0019] Fifthly, a signal transmission device is provided for use in a second device, comprising:

[0020] The first execution module is used to perform the first operation based on the third information;

[0021] The first operation includes at least: receiving a first signal sent by a first device and demodulating the first signal; the first signal is a CSS modulated signal obtained by backscattering a carrier signal.

[0022] Sixthly, an information configuration device is provided, applied to a fifth device, comprising:

[0023] The second execution module is used to perform the second operation;

[0024] The second operation includes at least one of the following: sending a first message or a second message to a first device, sending a third message or a fourth message to a second device, or sending a fourth message to a third device;

[0025] Wherein, the first information is used to generate a first signal, which is a backscattered CSS modulated signal; the second information is used to receive a carrier signal; the third information is used to receive and demodulate the first signal; and the fourth information is used to transmit the carrier signal.

[0026] In a seventh aspect, a signal transmission apparatus is provided, the apparatus being configured to perform the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or the steps of the method described in the second aspect.

[0027] Eighthly, an information configuration apparatus is provided, the apparatus being configured to perform the steps of the method described in the third aspect.

[0028] A ninth aspect provides a communication device comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions executable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the method as described in the first aspect, or the steps of the method as described in the second aspect, or the steps of the method as described in the third aspect.

[0029] In a tenth aspect, a communication device is provided, including a processor and a communication interface. When the communication device is a first device, the processor is configured to generate a first signal based on first information and a received carrier signal, wherein the first signal is a backscattered chirped spread spectrum (CSS) modulated signal, and the communication interface is configured to transmit the first signal; or, when the communication device is a second device, the processor is configured to perform a first operation based on third information; wherein the first operation includes at least: receiving the first signal transmitted by the first device and demodulating the first signal; wherein the first signal is a backscattered CSS modulated signal obtained based on a carrier signal; or, when the communication device is a fifth device, the communication interface is configured to perform a second operation, wherein the second operation includes at least one of the following: transmitting first information or second information to the first device, transmitting third information or fourth information to the second device, and transmitting fourth information to the third device; wherein the first information is used to generate the first signal, wherein the first signal is a backscattered CSS modulated signal; the second information is used to receive a carrier signal; the third information is used to receive and demodulate the first signal; and the fourth information is used to transmit the carrier signal.

[0030] Eleventhly, a readable storage medium is provided, on which a program or instructions are stored, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or the steps of the method described in the second aspect, or the steps of the method described in the third aspect.

[0031] In a twelfth aspect, a wireless communication system is provided, comprising at least two of a first device, a second device, and a fifth device, wherein the first device is configured to perform the steps of the method as described in the first aspect, the second device is configured to perform the steps of the method as described in the second aspect, and the fifth device is configured to perform the steps of the method as described in the third aspect.

[0032] In a thirteenth aspect, a chip is provided, the chip including a processor and a communication interface coupled to the processor, the processor being configured to run a program or instructions to implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or the steps of the method described in the second aspect, or the steps of the method described in the third aspect.

[0033] In a fourteenth aspect, a computer program / program product is provided, the computer program / program product being stored in a storage medium, the computer program / program product being executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the method as described in the first aspect, or the steps of the method as described in the second aspect, or the steps of the method as described in the third aspect.

[0034] Through the scheme in the embodiments of this application, a first device (such as a backscattering device) can generate a first signal and send the first signal according to the first information and the received carrier signal. The first signal is a CSS-modulated backscattering signal, thereby realizing a backscattering communication process based on CSS modulation. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figures 1A to 1E are schematic diagrams of the communication architecture based on backscattering in the embodiments of this application;

[0036] Figure 2A is a schematic diagram of the frequency uplink mode of CSS modulation in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 2B is a schematic diagram of the frequency downlink mode of CSS modulation in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 2C is a schematic diagram of the CSS modulation method in a specific embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 2D is the FFT spectrum diagram corresponding to the CSS demodulation symbol in a specific embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 3 is a flowchart of a signal transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figures 4A and 4B are schematic diagrams of the backscatter modulation method in the embodiments of this application;

[0042] Figure 5 is a flowchart of another signal transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 6 is a flowchart of an information configuration method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the carrier signal in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0045] Figures 8A, 8B, 8C and 8D are schematic diagrams of square wave signals in embodiments of this application;

[0046] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the modulation architecture in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0047] Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D are schematic diagrams of the network deployment architecture in Embodiment 2 of this application;

[0048] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the interaction process in Embodiment 3 of this application;

[0049] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of another signal transmission device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of an information configuration device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0054] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same class, not limited in number; for example, the first object can be one or more. Furthermore, "or" in this application indicates at least one of the connected objects. For example, the scope of protection for "A or B" covers at least three scenarios: Scenario 1: including A but not B; Scenario 2: including B but not A; Scenario 3: including both A and B. In addition, the terms "A and / or B," "at least one of A and B," and "at least one of A or B" also cover at least the above three scenarios. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0055] The term "instruction" in this application can be either a direct instruction (or explicit instruction) or an indirect instruction (or implicit instruction). A direct instruction can be understood as one in which the sender explicitly informs the receiver of specific information, the operation to be performed, or the requested result, etc., in the instruction sent. An indirect instruction can be understood as one in which the receiver determines the corresponding information based on the instruction sent by the sender, or makes a judgment and determines the operation to be performed or the requested result, etc., based on the judgment result.

[0056] It is worth noting that the technologies described in this application are not limited to Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, but can also be used in other wireless communication systems, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or other systems. The terms "system" and "network" in this application are often used interchangeably, and the described technologies can be used with the systems and radio technologies mentioned above, as well as with other systems and radio technologies. The following description describes New Radio (NR) systems for illustrative purposes, and the term NR is used in most of the following description; however, these technologies can also be applied to systems other than NR systems, such as 6th generation (6G) radio systems. th Generation 6G communication system.

[0057] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, the following will be described first.

[0058] Backscatter Communication (BSC) refers to the transmission of information by a backscattering device (or backscattering communication device) using radio frequency signals from other devices or the environment for signal modulation. It is a typical passive Internet of Things (IoT) device. The basic components and main functions of a backscattering communication transmitter include:

[0059] - Antenna unit: Used to receive radio frequency signals and control commands, and also to transmit modulated backscattered signals.

[0060] - Energy Harvesting Module or Power Supply Module: This module is used for radio frequency energy harvesting or other energy harvesting by the backscattering device, including but not limited to solar energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, and thermal energy. In addition to the energy harvesting module, a battery power supply module may also be included, in which case the backscattering device is a semi-passive device. The energy harvesting module or power supply module supplies power to all other modules in the device.

[0061] - Microcontrollers: including control baseband signal processing, energy storage or data scheduling status, switching, system synchronization, etc.

[0062] - Signal receiving module: Used to demodulate control commands or data sent by the backscatter communication receiver or other network nodes.

[0063] - Encoding and Modulation Module: Performs channel coding and signal modulation under the control of the controller, and achieves modulation by selecting different load impedances through a selection switch under the control of the controller.

[0064] - Memory or sensing module: Used to store device identification (ID) information, location information, or sensing data, etc.

[0065] In addition to the typical components mentioned above, future backscatter communication transmitters can also integrate tunnel diode amplifier modules, low-noise amplifier modules, etc., to improve the receiver sensitivity and transmission power of the transmitter.

[0066] Optionally, the basic components and main functions of the backscatter communication receiver include:

[0067] - Antenna element: Used to receive modulated backscattered signals.

[0068] - Backscatter signal detection module: Used to detect the backscatter signal sent by the backscatter communication transmitter, including but not limited to Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) detection, Phase Shift Keying (PSK) detection, Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) detection, or Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) detection.

[0069] - Demodulation and decoding module: Demodulates and decodes the detected signal to recover the original information stream.

[0070] Backscattering devices control the reflection coefficient Γ of the modulation circuit by adjusting its internal impedance, thereby changing the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the incident signal to achieve signal modulation. The reflection coefficient Γ can be characterized as:

[0071] Where Z0 is the characteristic impedance of the antenna; Z1 is the load impedance; j represents a complex number, θ T Let S represent the phase. Assume the incident signal is represented as S. in (t), then the output signal is Therefore, by reasonably controlling the reflection coefficient, corresponding amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, or phase modulation can be achieved. Based on this, backscattering devices can be tags in traditional Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems, or passive or semi-passive Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Here, backscattering devices can be collectively referred to as BSC devices.

[0072] In one implementation, tags can be categorized based on their capabilities and sources:

[0073] - Device A: The tag is a passive tag with no energy storage capacitor / battery. It is powered by radio frequency (RF) signals. The received RF signals are the power signals of the rectifier. It does not have carrier generation capability. It relies on RF as the radio frequency carrier for backscatter communication transmission and has the lowest power consumption.

[0074] -Device B: The tag is a semi-passive tag with a storage capacitor / battery. It is powered by a non-RF signal. Optionally, it has a PA / LNA or other active devices. It does not have carrier generation capability and relies on RF as a radio frequency carrier for backscatter communication transmission. Its power consumption is the second lowest.

[0075] -Device C: The tag is an active tag with an energy storage capacitor / battery, powered by a non-RF signal, has carrier generation capability, and has the highest power consumption.

[0076] Optionally, a backscatter-based communication architecture may include at least the following patterns:

[0077] (1) Topology 1: As shown in Figure 1A, the base station in Topology 1 is both a radio frequency source / transmitter and a receiver. Therefore, Topology 1 is a Monostatic Backscatter Communication System (MBCS) architecture. Traditional RFID systems are typical MBCS systems, which include ambient IoT devices (such as tags) and readers (such as base stations). The tags communicate directly with the readers, and the readers may have frequency division duplex (FDD) architecture modules. In Topology 1, the device that transmits control signaling and the device that receives backscattered signals are the same device, while the device that transmits the RF carrier source can be the same device as the aforementioned device or a separate device.

[0078] (2) Topology 2: As shown in Figure 1B, in Topology 2, the Ambient IoT Device (e.g., Tag) receives control signaling and carrier signals sent by intermediate nodes. The control signaling can be indicated by network devices (e.g., base station gNB) through intermediate nodes. The intermediate nodes can be User Equipment (UE), repeaters, Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) nodes, etc. The intermediate nodes can also act as relays to forward IoT data to the gNB.

[0079] (3) Topology 3: Topology 3 involves a bistatic backscatter communication system (BBCS), in which the radio frequency source, BSC transmitting device and BSC receiving device are separate; in Topology 3, the Ambient IoT Device (e.g., Tag) sends IoT data / uplink signaling to the base station and receives data / signaling sent by the auxiliary node, as shown in Figure 1C; or, the Ambient IoT Device (e.g., Tag) sends IoT data / uplink signaling to the auxiliary node and receives data / signaling sent by the base station, as shown in Figure 1D; the base station and the auxiliary node communicate through the Uu interface, and the auxiliary node can be UE, repeater, IAB, relay, etc.

[0080] (4) Topology 4: As shown in Figure 1E, in Topology 4, the UE acts as the Reader to communicate with the Tag. This architecture also belongs to the monostatic backscatter communication architecture, the difference being that the Reader is the UE, not the base station.

[0081] Chirp modulation, also known as chirp spread spectrum (CSS) modulation, primarily uses a linear frequency modulated signal to carry information bits. Specifically, CSS modulation signals are divided into up-chirp mode (as shown in Figure 2A) and down-chirp mode (as shown in Figure 2B). When using up-chirp modulation, the frequency of the CSS modulation signal increases with time; when using down-chirp mode, the frequency of the CSS modulation signal decreases with time. However, the frequency of the CSS modulation signal always changes periodically between a low frequency f1 and a high frequency f2 according to a certain pattern, with a sweep bandwidth of BW = f2 - f1 and a sweep time of T. s The sweep frequency slope is If we represent the chirp signal using baseband signals, then the up-chirp signal and the down-chirp signal can be represented as follows:

[0082] Neither of the two chirp signals mentioned above, whether in up-chirp or down-chirp mode, can directly transmit information bits. Therefore, CSS modulation actually achieves different information transmission by changing the initial frequency of the pilot. Because the initial scanning frequency is changed, the linear increase in frequency throughout the entire symbol scan period will exceed the specified scan termination frequency f2 or f1. At this point, CSS modulation stipulates that once the scan frequency exceeds the upper limit frequency f2 or the lower limit frequency f1, the bandwidth (BW) is directly subtracted from the subsequent scan frequency or the BW is added to the subsequent scan frequency.

[0083] Based on the parameters used in CSS modulation, several important parameters are defined, such as the spreading factor (SF), chirp, and symbol rate / chip rate, as explained below:

[0084] (1) Spreading factor SF:

[0085] The spreading factor represents the number of information bits contained in each symbol, which is equivalent to spreading one symbol to 2^35. SF Transmission occurs on individual chips, and different symbols are mapped to different CSS modulation initial frequencies. For example, with SF=2, a symbol can contain a maximum of 2 bits and can represent 2^32 / ... 2= 4 values, such as 0 to 3, and the number of chips is 4. Taking up-chirp mode as an example, within one frequency rise cycle, the variable frequency range can be divided into 2 SF Each code chip.

[0086] (2) Chirp rate, or symbol rate:

[0087] The chip rate, or transmission rate per chip, can be expressed as: R c =BW

[0088] The transmission time for each chip is:

[0089] Since each CSS symbol has 2 SF Therefore, the symbol transmission time is: (number of chips)

[0090] Based on the above definition, the slope of the linear frequency increase in CSS modulation is:

[0091] Referring to Figure 2C, the four symbols of CSS modulation are given as an example with SF=2. Symbol 1 starts at frequency f1 and increases linearly to f2, representing bit 00; symbol 2 starts at frequency... It first increases linearly to f2 with a frequency of f1, and then increases linearly to f2 again with a starting frequency of f1. Representing bit 01; the starting frequency of symbol 3 is It first increases linearly to f2 with a frequency of f1, and then increases linearly to f2 again with a starting frequency of f1. The symbol represents bit 10; the starting frequency of symbol 4 is... It first increases linearly to f2 with a frequency of f1, and then increases linearly to f2 again with a starting frequency of f1. Characterized by bit 11. Therefore, if the start frequency of the corresponding symbol can be demodulated, and then mapped between the start frequency and the symbol, the input bits before CSS modulation can be obtained.

[0092] In the corresponding demodulation process, a reference chirp signal with the opposite modulation mode to the CSS modulation mode can be used for mixing, and the input bits are finally demodulated by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). For example, if the CSS modulation uses an up-chirp signal with a frequency that increases linearly from f1 to f2, the receiver uses a down-chirp signal with a frequency that decreases linearly from f2 to f1 for mixing.

[0093] Assuming CSS modulation uses up-chirp mode, its baseband signal can be expressed as:

[0094] Where f0 is the initial frequency. This represents the slope of the linear growth. For the reference up-chirp signal, For simplicity, the reference up-chirp signal can be denoted as:

[0095] The CSS modulated signal can be a frequency cyclically shifted reference up-chirp signal, expressed as: s(t; f n )=c(t;f n )w(t;0,t n )+c(t;f n -BW)w(t;t n ,T)

[0096] in, The starting frequency of the CSS modulation symbol. w(t;t a ,t b ) is a rectangular window function, expressed as:

[0097] Therefore, for a CSS modulation symbol carrying SF bits, it has 2 SF Optional starting frequency point.

[0098] In the receiving end, the receiving end uses the reference down-chirp signal c * (t) First, perform frequency mixing or chirp deprocessing, such as using the following formula:

[0099] s is obtained from mixing ′ (t;f n After that, the receiving end performs FFT calculation and identifies the peak position of the frequency point in the frequency domain. And finally, the input bits are used for decision-making.

[0100] Taking the CSS modulation symbol in Figure 2C as an example, after mixing the down-chirp signal, an FFT operation is performed, and finally the spectrum shown in Figure 2D can be obtained, thus obtaining the input bits.

[0101] Backscatter CSS modulation offers excellent transmission coverage and reliability, thus further enhancing the performance of Ambient IoT (AIoT) systems. This improves the transmission coverage and reliability of AIoT networks, addressing the limited transmission coverage issues of existing Device A / B systems based on On-Off Keying (OOK) and Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) modulation. However, related technologies lack signaling procedures or design schemes for backscatter CSS-based transmission between Ambient IoT networks and backscattering devices to support network access for backscattering devices using backscatter CSS modulation. The solution in this application configures / instructs the backscatter CSS signal transmission parameters of the excitation source device, backscattering device, and receiving device in the AIoT network, enabling AIoT networks with different topologies to support backscatter CSS-based signal transmission, thereby achieving better transmission coverage and reliability.

[0102] Optionally, the solution in this application can be applied to LTE systems, 5G (5G) systems, and other similar systems. th Generation (5G) NR systems and NR evolution systems, such as 6G systems and 6G evolution systems, as well as IEEE 802.11 systems (such as Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) systems), Bluetooth systems, LoRa systems, Zigbee systems, backscatter communication systems, low-power IoT systems, Ambient IoT systems, and other communication systems.

[0103] The signal transmission method, information configuration method, apparatus, and readable storage medium provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through some embodiments and application scenarios.

[0104] Please refer to Figure 3, which is a flowchart of a signal transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application. This method is executed by a first device, such as a backscattering device. As shown in Figure 3, the method includes the following steps:

[0105] Step 31: The first device generates a first signal based on the first information and the received carrier signal, wherein the first signal is a backscattered CSS modulated signal;

[0106] Step 32: The first device sends the first signal.

[0107] In this embodiment of the application, the carrier signal may include at least one of the following:

[0108] Single-tone signals, such as single-tone sine or single-tone cosine signals;

[0109] Reference Chirp signal;

[0110] CSS modulated signal.

[0111] For example, the carrier signal may be a single-tone signal, a reference chirp signal, or a CSS modulated signal, or it may be a mixed signal of at least two of the single-tone signal, the reference chirp signal, and the CSS modulated signal, such as a CSS modulated signal with a frame structure, such as a LoRa signal, and the frame structure signal includes at least a CSS modulated signal or a reference chirp signal.

[0112] Optionally, the first information may be determined by the first device or configured or indicated by other devices.

[0113] For example, the first device can send the first signal (i.e., the backscattered CSS modulated signal) to the second device, where the second device is a receiving device for the backscattered CSS modulated signal, such as a network device, terminal device, or reader / writer device. Furthermore, the first device can also receive the carrier signal from the second device, meaning the second device can also be a carrier source / excitation source device providing the carrier signal.

[0114] For example, the first device can receive the carrier signal from a third device, which is a device that provides the carrier signal, such as a carrier source / excitation source device.

[0115] Through the scheme in the embodiments of this application, a first device (such as a backscattering device) can generate a first signal and send the first signal according to the first information and the received carrier signal. The first signal is a CSS-modulated backscattering signal, thereby realizing a backscattering communication process based on CSS modulation.

[0116] Optionally, when the carrier signal is a single-tone signal (such as a single-tone sine or cosine signal), the process of generating the first signal may include: the first device generating a CSS modulation signal based on the carrier signal and the baseband signal, and performing backscatter modulation on the generated CSS modulation signal according to the first information to obtain the first signal. The baseband signal is the original electrical signal without modulation. For example, as shown in Figure 4A, taking a bistatic backscatter communication system as an example, the excitation source device provides a single-frequency / single-tone sine / cosine signal to the backscatter device. The backscatter device autonomously generates a Chirp / CSS modulation signal based on the single-frequency / single-tone sine / cosine carrier signal. At this time, the reader device receives not only the backscatter CSS modulation signal sent by the backscatter device, but also the single-frequency / single-tone sine / cosine signal sent by the excitation source device. Since the signal received by the reader device from the excitation source device is a single-frequency / single-tone signal, the carrier signal can be filtered out from the backscatter CSS modulation signal through a filter, thus reducing the difficulty of interference cancellation. Meanwhile, since the backscattering device does not require strict synchronization with the excitation source device, or the difficulty of synchronization based on the received single-tone sine / cosine signals is relatively low, the synchronization requirements for the backscattering device are lower. The backscattering rate based on single-frequency / single-tone sine / cosine signals for CSS modulation is higher than that based on chirp / CSS signals for CSS modulation. In this case, a Device A / B type backscattering device can be selected.

[0117] Optionally, when the carrier signal is a reference chirp signal or a CSS modulated signal, the process of generating the first signal may include: the first device performing backscatter modulation on the carrier signal according to the first information and the baseband signal to obtain the first signal. The baseband signal is the original electrical signal without modulation. For example, as shown in Figure 4B, taking a bistatic backscatter communication system as an example, the excitation source device generates a chirp / CSS signal and provides a chirp carrier signal or CSS signal to the backscatter device. The backscatter device achieves backscatter CSS modulation by modulating the amplitude, phase, or frequency of the excitation signal. At this time, the reader device receives not only the backscatter CSS modulated signal sent by the backscatter device, but also the chirp / CSS signal sent by the excitation source device. The same principle can be extended to a monostatic backscatter communication architecture. Since the frequency of the useful backscatter CSS modulated signal received by the reader device is almost close to that of the chirp / CSS signal sent by the excitation source device, it is more difficult for the reader device to perform interference cancellation. For the backscatter device, since the backscatter device does not need to actively generate a chirp / CSS signal, the modulation complexity is lower. Furthermore, since the backscattering device needs to detect the signal boundaries of the Chirp / CSS signal, it needs to be accurately synchronized with the Chirp / CSS signal sent by the excitation source device. Therefore, it is required to be able to detect the synchronization sequence / signal of the Chirp / CSS signal. In this case, a Device A / B type backscattering device can be selected.

[0118] Optionally, the first information is information related to the modulation of the first signal, and may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0119] (1) The modulation method of the first signal includes, but is not limited to, binary on / off keying (OOK) modulation, amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation, phase shift keying (PSK) modulation, frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), amplitude phase shift keying (APSK) modulation, CSS modulation, etc.; based on this modulation method, the first device can generate the corresponding first signal;

[0120] (2) The modulation order of the first signal;

[0121] (3) The modulation rate or backscatter link frequency (BLF) of the first signal;

[0122] (4) The encoding method of the first signal, such as including but not limited to channel coding method, line coding method, etc.; the channel coding method is, for example, Reed-Solomon codes (RS codes), Polar codes, convolutional codes, repetition codes, etc.; the line coding method is, for example, biphase space code (FM0 code), Miller codes, Manchester codes, etc.; based on this encoding method, the first device can generate the corresponding first signal;

[0123] (5) The reflection coefficient or amplification coefficient of the first signal;

[0124] (6) The coding rate of the first signal;

[0125] (7) The number of times the first signal is repeatedly transmitted;

[0126] (8) The signal period of the first signal;

[0127] (9) The mapping relationship between the input bits and the modulation symbols in the first signal, such as including but not limited to Gray mapping (in which case the corresponding carrier signal can be a CSS modulation signal), natural mapping, Contourwise-Gray mapping, etc.

[0128] (10) First index information associated with backscattered CSS modulation, the first index information being used to indicate the associated CSS modulation parameters; wherein, different first index information corresponds to different backscattered CSS modulation parameters, and each first index information may correspond to a set of backscattered CSS modulation parameters (as described in (1) to (9) above), and the relevant correspondence may be pre-configured by the network or protocol. With the aid of the first index information, the first device can obtain the associated backscattered CSS modulation parameters, thereby generating the corresponding backscattered CSS modulation signal (i.e., the first signal).

[0129] Optionally, the first device may transmit the first signal according to at least one of the following: the transmission power of the first signal, the frequency shift or frequency shift of the first signal, the preamble or synchronization sequence of the first signal, and the reference signal of the first signal (used to estimate the channel or time-frequency information in the first signal).

[0130] In this embodiment, relevant information for receiving carrier signals can be configured or indicated for the first device. The signal transmission method described above may further include:

[0131] The first device receives the carrier signal according to the second information; wherein the second information may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0132] Frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal;

[0133] The time-domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal;

[0134] The signal waveform of the carrier signal;

[0135] A second index information associated with the transmission parameters of the carrier signal, the second index information indicating the associated carrier signal transmission parameters; wherein different second index information corresponds to different carrier signal transmission parameters, each second index information can correspond to a set of carrier signal transmission parameters, such as frequency domain related parameters, time domain related parameters and / or signal waveform of the carrier signal, and the related correspondence can be pre-configured by the network or protocol. With the help of the second index information, the first device can obtain the associated carrier signal transmission parameters, thereby accurately receiving the corresponding carrier signal.

[0136] Optionally, the frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0137] 1) The center frequency of the carrier signal;

[0138] 2) The bandwidth of the carrier signal;

[0139] 3) The scanning start frequency of the carrier signal;

[0140] 4) The scanning cutoff frequency of the carrier signal;

[0141] 5) The lowest scanning frequency of the carrier signal;

[0142] 6) The highest scanning frequency of the carrier signal;

[0143] 7) The slope of the scanning frequency of the carrier signal;

[0144] 8) The spreading factor of the carrier signal;

[0145] 9) The chip rate of the carrier signal;

[0146] 10) The symbol rate or symbol period of the carrier signal;

[0147] 11) The frequency sweeping method of the carrier signal, such as up-chirp mode or down-chirp mode;

[0148] 12) The frequency offset or shift of the carrier signal.

[0149] Understandably, when the carrier signal is a Chirp / CSS signal, the frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal may include the parameters in 1) to 11) above. When the carrier signal is a single-tone signal, the frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal may include the bandwidth, center frequency, etc. of the carrier signal.

[0150] Optionally, the time-domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0151] The signal period of the carrier signal;

[0152] The signal length of the carrier signal;

[0153] The number of time-domain repetitions of the carrier signal;

[0154] The carrier signal's synchronization signal or synchronization sequence.

[0155] Optionally, the signal waveform of the carrier signal may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0156] Single-tone signal waveforms, such as single-tone sine or cosine signal waveforms;

[0157] Reference Chirp signal waveform;

[0158] CSS modulated signal waveform.

[0159] Optionally, the second information may further include baseband modulation and processing parameters of the carrier signal, such as at least one of the following:

[0160] The modulation method of the carrier signal includes, but is not limited to, OOK modulation, ASK modulation, PSK modulation, FSK modulation, QAM, APSK, CSS modulation, etc.

[0161] The modulation rate of the carrier signal;

[0162] The encoding method of the carrier signal includes, but is not limited to, channel coding methods (such as RS code, Polar code, convolutional code, repetition code, etc.) or line coding methods (such as FMO code, Miller code, Manchester code, etc.).

[0163] The precoding parameters of the carrier signal;

[0164] The mapping relationship between input bits and symbols in the carrier signal, such as the mapping relationship between input bits and the initial scanning frequency.

[0165] In this embodiment, the first device can obtain the first information in various ways. The signal transmission method may further include:

[0166] (a) The first device determines the first information, that is, the first device itself has the ability to determine the configuration information;

[0167] (b) The first device receives the first information from the second device, where the second device is the receiving device for the first signal; that is, at this time: the second device is both the receiving device for receiving the first signal and the device for configuring or indicating the first information, and can be access network equipment such as base stations, terminal equipment such as UEs, relay equipment, repeater equipment, IAB equipment, access point (AP) equipment, etc.

[0168] (c) The first device receives the first information from the third device, wherein the third device is a device that provides the carrier signal; that is, at this time: the third device is both a device that provides the carrier signal to the first device and a device that configures or indicates the first information; it can be an access network device such as a base station, a terminal device such as a UE, a relay device, a repeater device, an IAB device, an AP device, a dedicated radio frequency source device, etc.

[0169] (d) The first device receives the first information from the fourth device, wherein the fourth device is a device with network scheduling function; the fourth device is different from the first device, the second device and the third device, and is a device with network scheduling function, such as a gateway, router, access network device, relay device, IAB device, Repeater device, terminal device, AP device, etc.

[0170] It should be noted that, in addition to the methods of determining or configuring / indicating the first information described above, the first information can also be configured / indicated by at least two of the first to fourth devices: (I) Multiple devices configure portions of the first information respectively, forming a complete set of the first information; for example, the third device configures the carrier signal parameter information for the first device, while the second device, which receives and demodulates the first signal, configures other carrier signal parameter information for the first device. (II) One device configures multiple sets of the first information through higher-layer signaling, while another device activates one set of the first information from the multiple sets of the first information through physical layer or medium access control (MAC) layer signaling. For example, the fourth device configures multiple sets of the first information for the first device through radio resource control (RRC) signaling or non-access stratum (NAS) signaling, while the second device activates one set of the first information through downlink control information (DCI), sidelink control information (SCI), or layer 1 (L1) or physical layer signaling.

[0171] Optionally, when the first information is received by the first device, the first information can be configured or indicated through at least one of the following:

[0172] Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling; this method requires the first device to have an RRC protocol layer;

[0173] Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling; this method requires the first device to have NSA protocol layer capabilities;

[0174] Medium Access Control Element (MAC CE); that is, using MAC CE signaling to configure the signal parameters of the first device. This is also applicable to first devices that do not support RRC signaling or have weak NAS signaling capabilities.

[0175] Downlink Control Information (DCI); This DCI is physical layer signaling, which dynamically indicates the first information through physical layer signaling;

[0176] Sidelink Control Information (SCI); This SCI is physical layer signaling, which dynamically indicates the first information through physical layer signaling;

[0177] Layer 1 or physical layer signaling, such as physical frame headers and preambles carrying control information, can be placed in the same physical frame as the effective data payload, or it can be placed in a separate physical frame.

[0178] Factory configuration information or default configuration information; for example, when the first device connects to the network for the first time or does not support RRC configuration information, the system configures the signal parameters related to the first signal.

[0179] In one implementation, the first information can be configured or indicated by a combination of higher-layer signaling and physical-layer signaling; for example, the fourth device first configures a set of first information for the first device through higher-layer signaling such as RRC, and then activates or indicates one of the first information through DCI, SCI or other L1 signaling.

[0180] In another implementation, the first information can be configured or indicated through a three-layer signaling structure. For example, multiple sets of first information can be configured for the first device through higher-layer signaling such as RRC, then one set of first information can be selected through MAC signaling, and then one of the first information can be activated or indicated through DCI, SCI or other L1 signaling.

[0181] In another implementation, the aforementioned first information can be configured simultaneously, and the final signal parameters related to the first signal / carrier signal are determined according to priority. For example, the first device supports both RRC configuration and DCI-based dynamic configuration. After entering the network, it continuously uses the modulation or transmission parameters related to the first signal / carrier signal configured by RRC until it receives DCI or L1 signaling that changes the parameters of the first signal, at which point it changes the corresponding modulation and signal transmission parameters related to the first signal.

[0182] In another implementation, the first information can be placed together with the radio frequency carrier signal as part of the physical layer frame. In this case, the first information and the radio frequency carrier signal are no longer distinguished between the control plane and the user plane.

[0183] Please refer to Figure 5, which is a flowchart of a signal transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application. This method is executed by a second device, such as an access network device like a base station, a terminal device like a UE, a relay device, a repeater device, an IAB device, or an AP device. As shown in Figure 5, the method includes the following steps:

[0184] Step 51: The second device performs a first operation based on the third information; the first operation includes at least: receiving a first signal sent by the first device and demodulating the first signal; the first signal is a CSS modulated signal obtained by backscattering a carrier signal.

[0185] In this embodiment of the application, the carrier signal may include at least one of the following:

[0186] Single-tone signals, such as single-tone sine or single-tone cosine signals;

[0187] Reference Chirp signal;

[0188] CSS modulated signal.

[0189] For example, the carrier signal may be a single-tone signal, a reference chirp signal, or a CSS modulated signal, or it may be a mixed signal of at least two of the single-tone signal, the reference chirp signal, and the CSS modulated signal, such as a CSS modulated signal with a frame structure, such as a LoRa signal, and the frame structure signal includes at least a CSS modulated signal or a reference chirp signal.

[0190] Optionally, the third information may be determined by the second device, or it may be configured or indicated by other devices.

[0191] Through the scheme in the embodiments of this application, the second device can receive and demodulate the first signal according to the third information. The first signal is a CSS modulation signal obtained by backscattering based on the carrier signal, thereby realizing the backscattering communication process based on CSS modulation.

[0192] Optionally, the third information is information related to the transmission and demodulation of the first signal, including but not limited to at least one of the following:

[0193] The transmission parameter information of the first signal;

[0194] Demodulation related information of the first signal.

[0195] Optionally, the transmission parameters of the first signal include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0196] The transmission parameter information of the carrier signal is part or all of the information in the second information mentioned above; in this case, the transmission parameter information of the first signal can be obtained by referring to the transmission parameter information of the carrier signal.

[0197] Frequency domain correlation parameters of the first signal;

[0198] The time-domain correlation parameters of the first signal;

[0199] A third index information associated with the transmission parameters of the first signal, the third index information being used to indicate the transmission parameters of the associated first signal; wherein, different third index information is associated with different first signal transmission parameters, each third index information may correspond to a set of first signal transmission parameters, and the relevant correspondence may be pre-configured by the network or protocol.

[0200] Optionally, the frequency domain correlation parameters of the first signal include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0201] The center frequency of the first signal;

[0202] The bandwidth of the first signal;

[0203] The scan start frequency of the first signal;

[0204] The scanning cutoff frequency of the first signal;

[0205] The lowest scanning frequency of the first signal;

[0206] The highest scanning frequency of the first signal;

[0207] The slope of the scanning frequency of the first signal;

[0208] The spreading factor of the first signal;

[0209] The chip rate of the first signal;

[0210] The symbol rate or symbol period of the first signal;

[0211] The frequency sweeping method of the first signal, for example, is up-chirp mode or down-chirp mode;

[0212] The frequency offset or shift of the first signal.

[0213] Optionally, the time-domain correlation parameters of the first signal include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0214] The signal period of the first signal;

[0215] The signal length of the first signal;

[0216] The number of time-domain repetitions of the first signal;

[0217] The synchronization signal or synchronization sequence of the first signal.

[0218] Optionally, the demodulation-related information of the first signal includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0219] a) The modulation method of the first signal, such as including but not limited to binary on / off keying (OOK) modulation, amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation, phase shift keying (PSK) modulation, frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), APSK modulation, CSS modulation, etc.;

[0220] b) The modulation order of the first signal;

[0221] c) The modulation rate of the first signal;

[0222] d) The encoding method of the first signal, for example, including but not limited to channel coding methods (e.g., RS code, Polar code, convolutional code, repetition code, etc.) or line coding methods (e.g., FM0 code, Miller code, Manchester code, etc.);

[0223] e) The coding rate of the first signal;

[0224] f) The precoding parameters of the first signal;

[0225] g) The mapping relationship between the input bits and modulation symbols in the first signal, such as the mapping relationship between the input bits and the initial scanning frequency;

[0226] h) Signal parameters of the reference despread signal corresponding to the first signal; wherein, when the frequency sweep mode of the first signal is up-chirp mode, the reference despread signal is conjugate to the first signal with the lowest scan start frequency; or, when the frequency sweep mode of the first signal is down-chirp mode, the reference despread signal is conjugate to the first signal with the highest scan start frequency; based on these signal parameters, the demodulated first signal (i.e., the backscattered CSS modulated signal) can be referenced.

[0227] i) Signal parameters of the conjugate despreading signal corresponding to the first signal, wherein the conjugate despreading signal is conjugate to the first signal; based on these signal parameters, the demodulated first signal (i.e., the backscattered CSS modulated signal) can be referenced.

[0228] j) A fourth index information associated with the demodulation of the first signal, the fourth index information being used to indicate the demodulation parameters of the associated first signal; wherein, different fourth index information is associated with different demodulation parameters of the first signal, and each third index information may correspond to a set of demodulation parameters of the first signal, such as those described in a) to i) above; the relevant correspondence may be pre-configured by the network or protocol.

[0229] Optionally, the signal parameters of the reference despread signal include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0230] (I) The frequency sweeping mode of the reference despreading signal; the frequency sweeping mode of the reference despreading signal is the opposite of the frequency sweeping mode of the first signal; that is, if the first signal adopts the up-chirp frequency sweeping mode, the reference despreading signal adopts the down-chirp scanning mode; if the first signal adopts the down-chirp frequency sweeping mode, the reference despreading signal adopts the up-chirp scanning mode.

[0231] (II) The lowest sweep frequency of the reference despread signal, which is the same as the lowest sweep frequency of the first signal;

[0232] (III) The highest sweep frequency of the reference despread signal, which is the same as the highest sweep frequency of the first signal;

[0233] (IV) The sweep start frequency of the reference despread signal is either the lowest or the highest sweep frequency; for example, if the reference despread signal is a down-chirp sweep, the corresponding sweep start frequency is the highest sweep frequency; or, if the reference despread signal is an up-chirp sweep, the corresponding sweep start frequency is the lowest sweep frequency.

[0234] (IIV) The sweep cutoff frequency of the reference despreading signal is either the lowest sweep frequency or the highest sweep frequency; for example, if the reference despreading signal is a down-chirp sweep, the corresponding sweep cutoff frequency is the lowest sweep frequency; or, if the reference despreading signal is an up-chirp sweep, the corresponding sweep cutoff frequency is the highest sweep frequency.

[0235] (IIIV) The center frequency of the reference despread signal, which is the same as the center frequency of the first signal;

[0236] (V) The bandwidth of the reference despread signal, which is the same as the bandwidth of the first signal;

[0237] (VI) The spreading factor of the reference despread signal, which is the same as the spreading factor of the first signal;

[0238] (VII) The code rate of the reference despread signal, which is the same as the code rate of the first signal;

[0239] (VIII) The symbol rate of the reference despread signal, wherein the symbol rate / symbol period of the reference despread signal is the same as the symbol rate / symbol period of the first signal.

[0240] Optionally, the signal parameters of the conjugate despreading signal include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0241] (I) The frequency sweeping method of the conjugate despreading signal; the frequency sweeping method of the conjugate despreading signal is the opposite of the frequency sweeping method of the first signal; that is, if the first signal adopts the up-chirp frequency sweeping mode, then the conjugate despreading signal adopts the down-chirp scanning mode; if the first signal adopts the down-chirp frequency sweeping mode, then the conjugate despreading signal adopts the up-chirp scanning mode.

[0242] (II) The lowest sweep frequency of the conjugate despreading signal, which is the same as the lowest sweep frequency of the first signal;

[0243] (III) The highest sweep frequency of the conjugate despreading signal, which is the same as the highest sweep frequency of the first signal.

[0244] (IV) The sweep start frequency of the conjugate despreading signal is either the lowest sweep frequency or the highest sweep frequency; for example, if the conjugate despreading signal is a down-chirp sweep, the corresponding sweep start frequency is the highest sweep frequency; or, if the conjugate despreading signal is an up-chirp sweep, the corresponding sweep start frequency is the lowest sweep frequency.

[0245] (IIV) The sweep cutoff frequency of the conjugate despreading signal is either the lowest sweep frequency or the highest sweep frequency; for example, if the conjugate despreading signal is a down-chirp sweep, the corresponding sweep cutoff frequency is the lowest sweep frequency; or, if the conjugate despreading signal is an up-chirp sweep, the corresponding sweep cutoff frequency is the highest sweep frequency.

[0246] (IIIV) The center frequency of the conjugate despreading signal is the same as the center frequency of the first signal;

[0247] (V) The bandwidth of the conjugate despreading signal, which is the same as the bandwidth of the first signal;

[0248] (VI) The spreading factor of the conjugate despreading signal, wherein the spreading factor of the conjugate despreading signal is the same as the spreading factor of the first signal;

[0249] (VII) The code rate of the conjugate despreading signal, wherein the code rate of the conjugate despreading signal is the same as the code rate of the first signal;

[0250] (VIII) The symbol rate of the conjugate despreading signal, wherein the symbol rate / symbol period of the conjugate despreading signal is the same as the symbol rate / symbol period of the first signal.

[0251] In this embodiment, the second device can be configured or instructed with relevant information for transmitting carrier signals. The signal transmission method described above may further include:

[0252] The second device sends a carrier signal to the first device based on the fourth information; wherein the fourth information may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0253] Frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal;

[0254] The time-domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal;

[0255] The signal waveform of the carrier signal;

[0256] The transmission power of the carrier signal;

[0257] A fifth index information associated with the transmission parameters of the carrier signal, the fifth index information indicating the associated carrier signal transmission parameters; wherein different fifth index information corresponds to different carrier signal transmission parameters, each fifth index information can correspond to a set of carrier signal transmission parameters, such as frequency domain related parameters, time domain related parameters and / or signal waveform of the carrier signal, and the related correspondence can be pre-configured by the network or protocol. With the help of the fifth index information, the second device can obtain the associated carrier signal transmission parameters, thereby sending the corresponding carrier signal.

[0258] Optionally, the frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0259] 1) The center frequency of the carrier signal;

[0260] 2) The bandwidth of the carrier signal;

[0261] 3) The scanning start frequency of the carrier signal;

[0262] 4) The scanning cutoff frequency of the carrier signal;

[0263] 5) The lowest scanning frequency of the carrier signal;

[0264] 6) The highest scanning frequency of the carrier signal;

[0265] 7) The slope of the scanning frequency of the carrier signal;

[0266] 8) The spreading factor of the carrier signal;

[0267] 9) The chip rate of the carrier signal;

[0268] 10) The symbol rate or symbol period of the carrier signal;

[0269] 11) The frequency sweeping method of the carrier signal, such as up-chirp mode or down-chirp mode;

[0270] 12) The frequency offset or shift of the carrier signal.

[0271] Understandably, when the carrier signal is a Chirp / CSS signal, the frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal may include the parameters in 1) to 11) above. When the carrier signal is a single-tone signal, the frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal may include the bandwidth, center frequency, etc. of the carrier signal.

[0272] Optionally, the time-domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0273] The signal period of the carrier signal;

[0274] The signal length of the carrier signal;

[0275] The number of time-domain repetitions of the carrier signal;

[0276] The carrier signal's synchronization signal or synchronization sequence.

[0277] Optionally, the signal waveform of the carrier signal may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0278] Single-tone signal waveforms, such as single-tone sine or cosine signal waveforms;

[0279] Reference Chirp signal waveform;

[0280] CSS modulated signal waveform.

[0281] In this embodiment, the second device can acquire the third information in various ways. The signal transmission method may further include:

[0282] I) The second device determines the third information, that is, the second device itself has the ability to determine the configuration information;

[0283] II) The second device receives the third information from the first device, where the first device is the transmitting device of the first signal; that is, at this time, the first device is both the transmitting device of the first signal and the device for configuring or indicating the third information.

[0284] III) The second device receives the third information from the third device, which is the device that provides the carrier signal; that is, at this time, the third device is both the device that provides the carrier signal and the device that configures or indicates the third information.

[0285] IV) The second device receives the third information from the fourth device, which is a device with network scheduling capabilities. The fourth device is different from the first, second, and third devices and has network scheduling capabilities, such as a gateway, router, access network device, relay device, IAB device, Repeater device, AP device, terminal device, etc.

[0286] It should be noted that, in addition to the above-described methods of determining or configuring / indicating the third information, the second information may also be configured / indicated by at least two of the first to fourth devices: (I) multiple devices respectively configure a portion of the third information and form a complete third information; for example, the first device configures the signal transmission parameters of the first signal for the second device, while the third device configures the remaining signal parameters for the second device; (II) one device configures multiple sets of third information through higher-layer signaling, while another device activates one set of third information from the multiple sets of third information through physical layer or media access control (MAC) layer signaling.

[0287] Optionally, the third information can be configured or indicated through at least one of the following:

[0288] RRC signaling, this method requires the second device to have the RRC protocol layer;

[0289] NAS signaling, this method requires the second device to have NSA protocol layer;

[0290] MAC CE, which uses MAC CE signaling to configure the signal parameters of a second device, is also applicable to second devices that do not support RRC signaling or have weak NAS signaling capabilities.

[0291] DCI, which stands for Physical Layer Signaling, means that third information is dynamically indicated through physical layer signaling.

[0292] SCI, which stands for Physical Layer Signaling, means that third information is dynamically indicated through physical layer signaling.

[0293] Layer 1 or physical layer signaling, such as physical frame headers and preambles carrying control information, can be placed in the same physical frame as the effective data payload, or it can be placed in a separate physical frame.

[0294] Factory configuration information or default configuration information, such as when the second device is connected to the network for the first time or does not support RRC configuration information, the system configures the signal parameters related to the first signal.

[0295] In one implementation, third information can be configured or indicated by combining higher-layer signaling and physical-layer signaling; for example, the fourth device first configures a set of third information for the second device through higher-layer signaling such as RRC, and then activates one of the third information through DCI, SCI or other L1 signaling.

[0296] In another implementation, the third information can be configured or indicated through a three-layer signaling structure. For example, multiple sets of third information can be configured for the second device through higher-layer signaling such as RRC, then one set of third information can be selected through MAC signaling, and then one of the third information can be activated through DCI, SCI or other L1 signaling.

[0297] In another implementation, the aforementioned third information can be configured simultaneously, and the final signal parameters related to the first signal are determined according to priority. For example, the second device supports both RRC configuration and DCI-based dynamic configuration. After entering the network, it continuously uses the parameters related to the first signal configured by RRC until it receives DCI or L1 signaling that changes the parameters of the first signal, at which point it changes its corresponding demodulation and signal parameters related to the first signal.

[0298] In another implementation, the third information is placed together with the single-sideband backscatter modulation signal as part of the physical layer frame. In this case, the third information and the single-sideband backscatter modulation signal are no longer distinguished between the control plane and the user plane.

[0299] Please refer to Figure 6, which is a flowchart of an information configuration method provided in an embodiment of this application. The method is executed by a fifth device. As shown in Figure 6, the method includes the following steps:

[0300] Step 61: The fifth device performs a second operation; the second operation includes at least one of the following: sending a first message or a second message to the first device, sending a third message or a fourth message to the second device, or sending a fourth message to the third device.

[0301] In this embodiment of the application, the first information is used to generate a first signal, which is a backscattered CSS modulated signal; the second information is used to receive a carrier signal; the third information is used to receive and demodulate the first signal; and the fourth information is used to transmit the carrier signal.

[0302] Optionally, the carrier signal includes at least one of the following:

[0303] Single-tone signal;

[0304] Reference Chirp signal;

[0305] CSS modulated signal.

[0306] For example, the carrier signal may be a single-tone signal, a reference chirp signal, or a CSS modulated signal, or it may be a mixed signal of at least two of the single-tone signal, the reference chirp signal, and the CSS modulated signal, such as a CSS modulated signal with a frame structure, wherein the frame structure signal includes at least the CSS modulated signal or the reference chirp signal.

[0307] Optionally, the fifth device may be any of the following:

[0308] The first device is the device that transmits the backscattered CSS modulated signal, such as a backscattered communication device;

[0309] The second device, namely the receiving device of backscattered CSS modulated signal, such as access network equipment such as base stations, terminal equipment such as UEs, relay equipment, repeater equipment, IAB equipment, AP equipment, etc.;

[0310] The third device is the carrier signal transmitting device;

[0311] A fourth device with network scheduling capabilities; the fourth device is a device with network scheduling capabilities that is different from the first, second and third devices, such as a gateway, router, access network device, relay device, IAB device, Repeater device, terminal device, AP device, etc.

[0312] Therefore, with proper configuration or instruction, AIoT networks with different topologies can support signal transmission based on backscattered CSS modulation, thereby achieving better transmission coverage or transmission reliability.

[0313] Optionally, the first information is information related to the modulation of the first signal, and may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0314] (1) The modulation method of the first signal, such as including but not limited to binary on / off keying (OOK) modulation, amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation, phase shift keying (PSK) modulation, frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), amplitude phase shift keying (APSK) modulation, CSS modulation, etc.; based on this modulation method, the first device can generate the corresponding first signal;

[0315] (2) The modulation order of the first signal;

[0316] (3) The modulation rate or backscatter link frequency (BLF) of the first signal;

[0317] (4) The encoding method of the first signal, such as including but not limited to channel coding method, line coding method, etc.; the channel coding method is, for example, Reed-Solomon code (RS code), Polar code, convolutional code, repetition code, etc.; the line coding method is, for example, biphase space code (FM0 code), Miller code, Manchester code, etc.; based on this encoding method, the first device can generate the corresponding first signal;

[0318] (5) The reflection coefficient or amplification coefficient of the first signal;

[0319] (6) The coding rate of the first signal;

[0320] (7) The number of times the first signal is repeatedly transmitted;

[0321] (8) The signal period of the first signal;

[0322] (9) The mapping relationship between the input bits and the modulation symbols in the first signal, such as including but not limited to Gray mapping (in which case the corresponding carrier signal can be a CSS modulation signal), natural mapping, Contourwise-Gray mapping, etc.

[0323] (10) First index information associated with backscattered CSS modulation, the first index information being used to indicate the associated CSS modulation parameters; wherein, different first index information corresponds to different backscattered CSS modulation parameters, and each first index information may correspond to a set of backscattered CSS modulation parameters (as described in (1) to (9) above), and the relevant correspondence may be pre-configured by the network or protocol. With the aid of the first index information, the first device can obtain the associated backscattered CSS modulation parameters, thereby generating the corresponding backscattered CSS modulation signal (i.e., the first signal).

[0324] Optionally, the third information includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0325] The transmission parameter information of the first signal;

[0326] Demodulation related information of the first signal.

[0327] Optionally, the transmission parameters of the first signal include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0328] The transmission parameter information of the carrier signal is part or all of the information in the second information mentioned above; in this case, the transmission parameter information of the first signal can be obtained by referring to the transmission parameter information of the carrier signal.

[0329] Frequency domain correlation parameters of the first signal;

[0330] The time-domain correlation parameters of the first signal;

[0331] A third index information associated with the transmission parameters of the first signal, the third index information being used to indicate the transmission parameters of the associated first signal; wherein, different third index information is associated with different first signal transmission parameters, each third index information may correspond to a set of first signal transmission parameters, and the relevant correspondence may be pre-configured by the network or protocol.

[0332] Optionally, the frequency domain correlation parameters of the first signal include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0333] The center frequency of the first signal;

[0334] The bandwidth of the first signal;

[0335] The scan start frequency of the first signal;

[0336] The scanning cutoff frequency of the first signal;

[0337] The lowest scanning frequency of the first signal;

[0338] The highest scanning frequency of the first signal;

[0339] The slope of the scanning frequency of the first signal;

[0340] The spreading factor of the first signal;

[0341] The chip rate of the first signal;

[0342] The symbol rate or symbol period of the first signal;

[0343] The frequency sweeping method of the first signal, for example, is up-chirp mode or down-chirp mode;

[0344] The frequency offset or shift of the first signal.

[0345] Optionally, the time-domain correlation parameters of the first signal include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0346] The signal period of the first signal;

[0347] The signal length of the first signal;

[0348] The number of time-domain repetitions of the first signal;

[0349] The synchronization signal or synchronization sequence of the first signal.

[0350] Optionally, the demodulation-related information of the first signal includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0351] a) The modulation method of the first signal, such as including but not limited to binary on / off keying (OOK) modulation, amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation, phase shift keying (PSK) modulation, frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), APSK modulation, CSS modulation, etc.;

[0352] b) The modulation order of the first signal;

[0353] c) The modulation rate of the first signal;

[0354] d) The encoding method of the first signal, for example, including but not limited to channel coding methods (e.g., RS code, Polar code, convolutional code, repetition code, etc.) or line coding methods (e.g., FM0 code, Miller code, Manchester code, etc.);

[0355] e) The coding rate of the first signal;

[0356] f) The precoding parameters of the first signal;

[0357] g) The mapping relationship between the input bits and modulation symbols in the first signal, such as the mapping relationship between the input bits and the initial scanning frequency;

[0358] h) Signal parameters of the reference despread signal corresponding to the first signal; wherein, when the frequency sweep mode of the first signal is up-chirp mode, the reference despread signal is conjugate to the first signal with the lowest scan start frequency; or, when the frequency sweep mode of the first signal is down-chirp mode, the reference despread signal is conjugate to the first signal with the highest scan start frequency; based on these signal parameters, the demodulated first signal (i.e., the backscattered CSS modulated signal) can be referenced.

[0359] i) Signal parameters of the conjugate despreading signal corresponding to the first signal, wherein the conjugate despreading signal is conjugate to the first signal; based on these signal parameters, the demodulated first signal (i.e., the backscattered CSS modulated signal) can be referenced.

[0360] j) A fourth index information associated with the demodulation of the first signal, the fourth index information being used to indicate the demodulation parameters of the associated first signal; wherein, different fourth index information is associated with different demodulation parameters of the first signal, and each third index information may correspond to a set of demodulation parameters of the first signal, such as those described in a) to i) above; the relevant correspondence may be pre-configured by the network or protocol.

[0361] Optionally, the second information includes at least one of the following:

[0362] Frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal;

[0363] The time-domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal;

[0364] The signal waveform of the carrier signal;

[0365] The transmission power of the carrier signal;

[0366] A fifth index information associated with the transmission parameters of the carrier signal, the fifth index information being used to indicate the transmission parameters of the associated carrier signal; wherein, different fifth index information corresponds to different carrier signal transmission parameters, and each fifth index information may correspond to a set of carrier signal transmission parameters, such as including frequency domain related parameters, time domain related parameters and / or signal waveforms of the carrier signal, and the related correspondence may be pre-configured by the network or protocol.

[0367] Optionally, the fourth information includes at least one of the following:

[0368] Frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal;

[0369] The time-domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal;

[0370] The signal waveform of the carrier signal;

[0371] The transmission power of the carrier signal;

[0372] A fifth index information associated with the transmission parameters of the carrier signal, the fifth index information being used to indicate the transmission parameters of the associated carrier signal; wherein, different fifth index information corresponds to different carrier signal transmission parameters, and each fifth index information may correspond to a set of carrier signal transmission parameters, such as including frequency domain related parameters, time domain related parameters and / or signal waveforms of the carrier signal, and the related correspondence may be pre-configured by the network or protocol.

[0373] Optionally, the frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0374] The center frequency point of the carrier signal;

[0375] The bandwidth of the carrier signal;

[0376] The scan start frequency of the carrier signal;

[0377] The scanning cutoff frequency of the carrier signal;

[0378] The lowest scanning frequency of the carrier signal;

[0379] The highest scanning frequency of the carrier signal;

[0380] The slope of the scanning frequency of the carrier signal;

[0381] The spreading factor of the carrier signal;

[0382] The chip rate of the carrier signal;

[0383] The symbol rate or symbol period of the carrier signal;

[0384] The frequency sweeping method of the carrier signal, for example, is up-chirp mode or down-chirp mode;

[0385] The frequency offset or shift of the carrier signal.

[0386] Optionally, the time-domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0387] The signal period of the carrier signal;

[0388] The signal length of the carrier signal;

[0389] The number of time-domain repetitions of the carrier signal;

[0390] The carrier signal's synchronization signal or synchronization sequence.

[0391] Optionally, the signal waveform of the carrier signal may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0392] Single-tone signal waveforms, such as single-tone sine or cosine signal waveforms;

[0393] Reference Chirp signal waveform;

[0394] CSS modulated signal waveform.

[0395] Optionally, performing the second operation includes:

[0396] The fifth device performs the second operation by at least one of the following:

[0397] Radio resource control signaling;

[0398] Non-access stratum (NAS) signaling;

[0399] Media Access Control Unit (MAC CE);

[0400] Downlink Control Information (DCI);

[0401] Secondary Link Control Information (SCI);

[0402] Layer 1 or physical layer signaling, such as physical frame headers and preambles carrying control information, can be placed in the same physical frame as the valid data payload, or it can be placed in a separate physical frame.

[0403] The present application will now be described in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0404] Example 1

[0405] In this first embodiment, several methods for the first device to generate the first signal (i.e., the backscattered CSS modulated signal) and the corresponding modulation methods of the first signal are given. Specifically, the first device can generate the backscattered CSS modulated signal by actively generating and modulating the CSS signal, or by using the CSS signal as a carrier signal and performing backscattered modulation.

[0406] In one possible implementation, the carrier signal received by the first device is a chirp signal, a chirp modulated signal, or a CSS modulated signal, meaning the carrier signal used by the first device itself has a linear frequency modulation structure. In this case, the first device only needs to control the amplitude, phase, and frequency of the carrier signal using a backscattered baseband modulated signal to generate the backscattered CSS modulated signal. Specifically, the following schemes are possible:

[0407] (1) In one possible implementation, the carrier signal is a reference chirp signal, i.e., a CSS signal that has not undergone any baseband modulation or whose sweep start frequency is the lowest sweep frequency, as shown in Figure 2A. Since the carrier signal has not undergone any baseband modulation, the carrier signal is relatively simple, and the CSS signal in each symbol is the same. Accordingly, the dimensions that can be used for modulation in the carrier signal are more diverse, including the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the signal. Therefore, the modulation methods supported by the first device can include OOK, ASK, PSK, FSK, etc.

[0408] (2) In another possible implementation, the carrier signal is a CSS signal with an unfixed sweep start frequency, as shown in Figure 2C. That is, the CSS signal is a modulated CSS signal, and the carrier signals of adjacent symbols are not necessarily the same. In this case, the first device needs to consider the influence of the baseband modulation of the CSS itself on the backscatter demodulation when performing backscatter modulation. Therefore, the dimension that can be used for backscatter modulation should have good distinguishability from the modulation of the CSS itself.

[0409] (3) In another possible implementation, the carrier signal is a CSS signal with a frame structure, that is, the carrier signal contains signals other than the CSS modulated signal, such as the reference chirp signal, synchronization signal, padding signal, etc. Taking the LoRa frame structure as an example (but not limited to the LoRa frame structure), as shown in Figure 7, the carrier signal includes the reference chirp signal, the synchronization signal, and the payload part based on CSS modulation. If the first device uses the payload part based on CSS modulation in the frame structure as the carrier signal, the first device needs to first detect the signal with the frame structure, and detect or synchronize to the payload part and perform backscatter modulation. Alternatively, if the first device uses the reference chirp signal (i.e., the preamble) in the frame structure as the carrier signal, the first device also needs to first detect the preamble sequence and perform backscatter modulation.

[0410] In another implementation, when the carrier signal is a single-tone sine or cosine signal, the first device needs to autonomously generate a backscattered CSS modulated signal based on the single-tone sine or cosine signal. In this case, the first device can choose CSS modulation as its modulation method.

[0411] According to Fourier series expansion theory, sinusoidal and cosine signals can be constructed from multiple square wave signals. Therefore, in practice, multiple square wave signals can be generated using a backscattering device to approximate signal e. j2πΔft By controlling the starting frequency f of the signal CSS It is then multiplied with the carrier signal to generate a backscattered CSS modulated signal. The following will elaborate further.

[0412] Suppose a square wave S(Δft) with frequency Δf can be written as a combination of a series of sine and cosine functions, expressed as:

[0413] If the incident carrier signal is a single-frequency signal cos(2πf) c t), and the backscattering device switches to a square wave mode with a frequency of Δf. Then, the generated backscattered signal is: c bsc (t)=S(Δft)·cos(2πf c t)

[0414] Among them, c bsc (t) is a double-sideband signal, meaning that in addition to the desired frequency f c A single-sideband signal with +Δf also generates a frequency of f. c The mirror image signal of -Δf, and multiple odd harmonic signal components f c ±3Δf,f c±5Δf. The single-sideband modulation scheme described above can effectively generate single-sideband signals but cannot eliminate odd-order harmonic signal interference. Therefore, when using square wave signals to generate sine / cosine signals, it is also necessary to consider how to eliminate these harmonic interferences. For example, multiple levels of square wave signals can be introduced to approximate sine / cosine signals, thereby reducing the influence of harmonic signals.

[0415] As shown in Figures 8A to 8D, a cosine signal can be approximated using four level signals. The approximate cosine signal can be written as a superposition of three square wave signals S0(t), S1(t), and S2(t). It is worth noting that this can be extended to a superposition of more square wave signals. For simplicity, only a three-square wave approximation is used as an example.

[0416] The cosine signal generated by using the three square wave signals mentioned above can be described as follows:

[0417] The same method can also be used to generate a sinusoidal signal cos approx (2πΔft), which will not be elaborated here. Therefore, by approximating the generated sine and cosine signals, the signal e can be generated. j2πΔft The expression is as follows:

[0418] For the above content, different purposes can be achieved by taking different values ​​of n:

[0419] (a) When n = 0, only the positive frequency is retained in the above formula, which generates a single-sideband signal;

[0420] (b) When n = 1, 2, that is, when the 3rd and 5th harmonic components are present, Furthermore, the above formula is calculated to be 0, thus eliminating the 3rd and 5th harmonic components.

[0421] Therefore, it can be seen that by using three square wave signals, single-sideband modulation can be achieved while eliminating the 3rd and 5th harmonic components. More generally, when n = (8k+3) or (8k+5), then... Therefore, more harmonic components can be eliminated. It is worth noting that, theoretically, even more harmonic components can be eliminated when using more square wave signals to approximate sine and cosine signals.

[0422] In practical implementation, the backscattering device can approximate the backscattered CSS modulation signal in the digital domain. As shown in Figure 9, the relevant architecture may include a baseband processor (such as a Digital Baseband Processor (DBP)), a frequency converter (such as a Frequency Synthesizer (FS)), a mapper (such as a switch mapper), and an impedance component. The baseband processor generates a series of control words corresponding to different frequencies to generate the recursive frequency of the chirp symbol. The mapper converts the control words into recursively transformed frequencies to achieve the recursive frequency change of the chirp signal, as shown in Figure 9. The frequency converter cycles through different impedances at different frequencies to simulate sine / cosine signals, achieving single-sideband modulation and chirp modulation. The impedance component, for example, contains eight different impedances to eliminate higher-order harmonics, with different impedances cyclically switched at specified frequencies, as shown in Figure 9. The backscattering device then uses a frequency f... CSS +Δf switches between eight different impedances, specifically selecting eight different coefficients, such as [0.9239+j0.3827,0.3827+j0.9239,-0.3827+j0.9239,-0.9239+j0.3827,0.9239-j0.3827,0.3827-j0.9239,-0.3827-j0.9239,-0.9239-j0.3827], thereby generating the desired exponential signal. And the incident single-tone cosine signal (i.e., carrier signal) cos(2πf) c t) multiplication ultimately generates a backscattered CSS modulated signal.

[0423] It should be noted that the carrier signal described above can also be a single-tone sine wave signal, and the above is only one possible implementation method, but is not limited to this implementation method.

[0424] Example 2

[0425] In this second embodiment, the signaling interaction flow between the first device and the fifth device under several typical network deployment architectures is presented. The same approach can be extended to the signaling interaction between the second device and the fifth device.

[0426] In the typical single-base architecture shown in Figure 10A, corresponding to Topology 1 and 4 in the AIoT network, the second device is also the fifth device. This device is responsible for receiving and demodulating the first signal, sending a carrier signal to the first device, and configuring / indicating first and second information to the first device. Alternatively, the device providing the carrier signal to the first device could also be the third device. In this case, the fifth device (i.e., the second device) determines the first and second information and sends them to the first device. The first device generates a first signal based on the first and second information and sends it to the second device (i.e., the fifth device). This first signal is a backscattered CSS modulated signal. This typical architecture includes, but is not limited to, base station-UE communication mode, UE-UE communication mode without network control in a sidelink, AP STA-STA mode in Wi-Fi, or STA-STA (i.e., Wi-Fi direct connection mode), and communication modes in Bluetooth / Zigbee, etc. In other words, one of the communicating devices (here, the second device as an example) has the ability to determine the first and second information and send them to the first device. Since the fifth device is the second device at this point, it can determine the third information itself.

[0427] In another architecture, besides the first and second devices directly communicating, a fifth device (which is also the fourth device in this case) acts as a network scheduling / configuration device to determine and configure / indicate the first, second, and third information. Based on the method of configuring or indicating the first and second information, it can be further divided into several sub-patterns. For simplicity, this example only uses the configuration and indication method for the first / second information; the same method can be extended to the configuration or indication of the third information.

[0428] In sub-mode 1, as shown in Figure 10B, the fifth device (i.e., the fourth device) configures or instructs the first information / second information to the first device. The first device generates and sends a first signal to the second device based on the first and second information. At this time, the device that sends the carrier signal to the first device can be either the second device or the third device (a dedicated carrier signal transmitting device), which is not limited in this case.

[0429] In sub-mode 2, as shown in Figure 10C, the fifth device (i.e., the fourth device) first configures or indicates the first / second information to the second device, and then the second device indicates the first / second information to the first device. This scenario is similar to the scenario in a sidelink where there is a master UE and a slave UE. The base station configures or indicates the first and second information of the master UE, and then the master UE configures or indicates the first and second information of the slave UE.

[0430] In sub-mode 3, as shown in Figure 10D, the fifth device (i.e., the fourth device) and the second device simultaneously configure or indicate first and second information to the first device. One possible approach is that the fifth device (i.e., the fourth device) can first configure a set of first / second information from the first device via RRC signaling, while the second device activates one of the first / second information pieces via MAC CE, DCI, SCI, L1 signaling, etc. Another possible approach is that the fifth device (i.e., the fourth device) configures or indicates the first information, and the second device configures or indicates the second information; or, the fifth device (i.e., the fourth device) configures or indicates the second information, and the second device configures or indicates the first information.

[0431] It is worth noting that for the three network deployment architectures mentioned above, if the device providing the carrier signal to the first device is the second device, then there is no third device specifically for providing the carrier signal. Alternatively, if the second device is only a receiver of the first signal, then in the above network deployment architectures, there is still a third device providing the carrier signal to the first device, and this third device is also subject to network scheduling by the fifth device. In the above scenario, the fifth device generates and sends the carrier signal to the first device by configuring or instructing the fourth information to the third device, or the fifth device configures or instructs the fifth information to the second device and sends the carrier signal to the first device. Furthermore, besides the first device itself having the ability to perform backscatter CSS modulation, the second or third device providing the carrier signal to the first device needs to have the ability to generate the CSS signal; the second device receiving the first signal may not have the ability to demodulate the CSS signal, meaning the second device only demodulates the backscatter modulation signal of the first device; the second device receiving the first signal may also have the ability to demodulate the CSS signal, meaning the second device, in addition to demodulating the backscatter modulation signal of the first device, also demodulates the modulated baseband signal of the CSS signal itself.

[0432] Example 3

[0433] This embodiment three provides a possible signaling configuration / instruction flow diagram. Taking Figure 11 as an example, the device configuring or instructing the first, second, third, and fourth information is the fifth device (i.e., the fourth device). Furthermore, the fourth device is not the same device as the first, second, and third devices; that is, the fourth device is a device with network scheduling capabilities. Before the fourth device configures or instructs the first, second, and third information, and before the first device generates and sends the first signal, the first, second, and fourth devices need to complete a capability reporting signaling interaction process. Optionally, the third device also needs to complete a capability reporting signaling interaction process with the fourth device.

[0434] The fourth device, based on the acquired capability information of each device and other information (such as the current status of the devices, channel status information, communication statistics, etc.), configures the signal parameters of the carrier signal for the third device via fourth information, or configures the signal parameters of the carrier signal for the second device based on the fourth information. The third / second device generates a carrier signal based on the fourth information and sends it to the first device as the carrier signal of the first device. Furthermore, the fourth device, based on the capability information of each device and other information (such as the current status of the devices, channel status information, communication statistics, etc.), determines the signal parameters of the first signal and configures or instructs them to the first device via first and second information. The first device, based on the configured or instructed first and second information, performs backscatter modulation on the carrier signal to generate a first signal and sends the first signal to the second device. The fourth device configures or instructs the second device with third information, and the second device receives and demodulates the first signal based on the third information.

[0435] It is worth noting that other network deployment architectures in Embodiment 2 of this solution can be improved by the signaling process in Embodiment 3 of this solution. For example, the integration of device functions (such as the integration of the second device and the third device), or the configuration or indication of the first and second information from multiple devices; or, the fourth device configures or indicates the first and second information of the first device through the second device. These extended scenarios and signaling processes are all within the protection scope of this application. Those skilled in the art can extend them based on the solution in this application, so they will not be listed one by one.

[0436] The signal transmission method provided in this application can be executed by a signal transmission device. This application uses an example of a signal transmission device executing the signal transmission method to illustrate the signal transmission device provided in this application.

[0437] Please refer to Figure 12, which is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission device provided in an embodiment of this application. This device is applied to a first device, such as a backscattering device. As shown in Figure 12, the signal transmission device 120 includes:

[0438] The generation module 121 is used to generate a first signal based on the first information and the received carrier signal, wherein the first signal is a backscattered chirped spread spectrum (CSS) modulated signal.

[0439] The first transmitting module 122 is used to transmit the first signal.

[0440] Optionally, the carrier signal includes at least one of the following:

[0441] Single-tone signal;

[0442] Reference Chirp signal;

[0443] CSS modulated signal.

[0444] Optionally, when the carrier signal is a single-tone signal, the generation module 121 is specifically used to: generate a CSS modulation signal based on the carrier signal and the baseband signal, and perform backscatter modulation on the generated CSS modulation signal based on the first information to obtain the first signal.

[0445] Optionally, when the carrier signal is a reference chirp signal or a CSS modulated signal, the generation module 121 is specifically used to: perform backscatter modulation on the carrier signal according to the first information and the baseband signal to obtain the first signal.

[0446] Optionally, the first information includes at least one of the following:

[0447] The modulation method of the first signal;

[0448] The modulation order of the first signal;

[0449] The modulation rate or backscatter link frequency (BLF) of the first signal;

[0450] The encoding method of the first signal;

[0451] The reflection coefficient or amplification coefficient of the first signal;

[0452] The coding rate of the first signal;

[0453] The number of times the first signal is repeatedly transmitted;

[0454] The signal period of the first signal;

[0455] The mapping relationship between the input bits and modulation symbols in the first signal;

[0456] First index information associated with backscattered CSS modulation, the first index information being used to indicate the associated CSS modulation parameters.

[0457] Optionally, the signal transmission device 120 further includes:

[0458] A first receiving module is configured to receive the carrier signal according to the second information;

[0459] The second information includes at least one of the following:

[0460] Frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal;

[0461] The time-domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal;

[0462] The signal waveform of the carrier signal;

[0463] A second index information associated with the transmission parameters of the carrier signal, the second index information being used to indicate the transmission parameters of the associated carrier signal.

[0464] Optionally, the frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal include at least one of the following:

[0465] The center frequency point of the carrier signal;

[0466] The bandwidth of the carrier signal;

[0467] The scan start frequency of the carrier signal;

[0468] The scanning cutoff frequency of the carrier signal;

[0469] The lowest scanning frequency of the carrier signal;

[0470] The highest scanning frequency of the carrier signal;

[0471] The slope of the scanning frequency of the carrier signal;

[0472] The spreading factor of the carrier signal;

[0473] The chip rate of the carrier signal;

[0474] The symbol rate or symbol period of the carrier signal;

[0475] The frequency sweep method of the carrier signal;

[0476] The frequency offset or shift of the carrier signal.

[0477] Optionally, the time-domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal include at least one of the following:

[0478] The signal period of the carrier signal;

[0479] The signal length of the carrier signal;

[0480] The number of time-domain repetitions of the carrier signal;

[0481] The carrier signal's synchronization signal or synchronization sequence.

[0482] Optionally, the signal transmission device 120 further includes:

[0483] The first processing module is configured to perform at least one of the following:

[0484] Determine the first information;

[0485] The first information is received from the second device, which is the receiving device for the first signal;

[0486] The first information is received from a third device, wherein the third device is a device that provides the carrier signal;

[0487] The first information is received from a fourth device, which is a device with network scheduling capabilities.

[0488] Optionally, when the first information is received by the first device, the first information is configured or indicated through at least one of the following:

[0489] Radio Resource Control (RRC);

[0490] Non-access stratum (NAS) signaling;

[0491] Media Access Control Unit (MAC CE);

[0492] Downlink Control Information (DCI);

[0493] Secondary Link Control Information (SCI);

[0494] Layer 1 or physical layer signaling;

[0495] Factory configuration information or default configuration information.

[0496] The signal transmission device 120 provided in this application embodiment can implement the various processes implemented in the method embodiment of FIG3 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0497] Please refer to Figure 13, which is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission device provided in an embodiment of this application. This device is applied to a second device. As shown in Figure 13, the signal transmission device 130 includes:

[0498] The first execution module 131 is used to execute the first operation based on the third information;

[0499] The first operation includes at least: receiving a first signal sent by a first device and demodulating the first signal; the first signal is a CSS modulated signal obtained by backscattering a carrier signal.

[0500] Optionally, the third information includes at least one of the following:

[0501] The transmission parameter information of the first signal;

[0502] Demodulation related information of the first signal.

[0503] Optionally, the transmission parameters of the first signal include at least one of the following:

[0504] The transmission parameter information of the carrier signal;

[0505] Frequency domain correlation parameters of the first signal;

[0506] The time-domain correlation parameters of the first signal;

[0507] A third index information associated with the transmission parameters of the first signal, the third index information being used to indicate the transmission parameters of the associated first signal.

[0508] Optionally, the frequency domain correlation parameters of the first signal include at least one of the following:

[0509] The center frequency of the first signal;

[0510] The bandwidth of the first signal;

[0511] The scan start frequency of the first signal;

[0512] The scanning cutoff frequency of the first signal;

[0513] The lowest scanning frequency of the first signal;

[0514] The highest scanning frequency of the first signal;

[0515] The slope of the scanning frequency of the first signal;

[0516] The spreading factor of the first signal;

[0517] The chip rate of the first signal;

[0518] The symbol rate or symbol period of the first signal;

[0519] The frequency sweep method of the first signal;

[0520] The frequency offset or shift of the first signal.

[0521] Optionally, the time-domain correlation parameters of the first signal include at least one of the following:

[0522] The signal period of the first signal;

[0523] The signal length of the first signal;

[0524] The number of time-domain repetitions of the first signal;

[0525] The synchronization signal or synchronization sequence of the first signal.

[0526] Optionally, the demodulation-related information of the first signal includes at least one of the following:

[0527] The modulation method of the first signal;

[0528] The modulation order of the first signal;

[0529] The modulation rate of the first signal;

[0530] The encoding method of the first signal;

[0531] The coding rate of the first signal;

[0532] The precoding parameters of the first signal;

[0533] The mapping relationship between the input bits and modulation symbols in the first signal;

[0534] The signal parameters of the reference despread signal corresponding to the first signal; wherein, when the frequency sweep mode of the first signal is up-chirp mode, the reference despread signal is conjugate to the first signal with the lowest scan start frequency; or, when the frequency sweep mode of the first signal is down-chirp mode, the reference despread signal is conjugate to the first signal with the highest scan start frequency;

[0535] The signal parameters of the conjugate despreading signal corresponding to the first signal, wherein the conjugate despreading signal is conjugate to the first signal;

[0536] A fourth index information associated with the demodulation of the first signal, the fourth index information being used to indicate the demodulation parameters of the associated first signal.

[0537] Optionally, the signal parameters of the reference despread signal include at least one of the following:

[0538] The frequency sweep method of the reference despread signal;

[0539] The lowest sweep frequency of the reference despread signal;

[0540] The highest sweep frequency of the reference despread signal;

[0541] The sweep start frequency of the reference despread signal;

[0542] The sweep cutoff frequency of the reference despread signal;

[0543] The center frequency point of the reference despread signal;

[0544] The bandwidth of the reference despread signal;

[0545] The spreading factor of the reference despread signal;

[0546] The code rate of the reference despread signal;

[0547] The symbol rate of the reference despread signal.

[0548] Optionally, the signal transmission device 130 further includes:

[0549] The second transmitting module is used to transmit a carrier signal to the first device according to the fourth information;

[0550] The fourth piece of information includes at least one of the following:

[0551] Frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal;

[0552] The time-domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal;

[0553] The signal waveform of the carrier signal;

[0554] The transmission power of the carrier signal;

[0555] A fifth index information associated with the transmission parameters of the carrier signal, the fifth index information being used to indicate the transmission parameters of the associated carrier signal.

[0556] Optionally, the signal transmission device 130 further includes:

[0557] The second processing module is configured to perform at least one of the following:

[0558] Determine the third information;

[0559] The third information is received from the first device, which is the device that transmits the first signal;

[0560] The third information is received from a third device, wherein the third device is a device that provides the carrier signal;

[0561] The third information is received from a fourth device, which is a device with network scheduling capabilities.

[0562] The signal transmission device 130 provided in this application embodiment can implement the various processes implemented in the method embodiment of FIG5 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0563] Please refer to Figure 14, which is a schematic diagram of an information configuration device provided in an embodiment of this application. This device is applied to a fifth device. As shown in Figure 14, the information configuration device 140 includes:

[0564] The second execution module 141 is used to perform the second operation;

[0565] The second operation includes at least one of the following: sending first information or second information to a first device, sending third information or fourth information to a second device, and sending fourth information to a third device; the first information is used to generate a first signal, which is a backscattered CSS modulated signal; the second information is used to receive a carrier signal; the third information is used to receive and demodulate the first signal; and the fourth information is used to transmit the carrier signal.

[0566] Optionally, the carrier signal includes at least one of the following:

[0567] Single-tone signal;

[0568] Reference Chirp signal;

[0569] CSS modulated signal.

[0570] Optionally, the fifth device may be any of the following:

[0571] The first device is the device that transmits the backscattered CSS modulated signal, such as a backscattered communication device;

[0572] The second device, namely the receiving device of backscattered CSS modulated signal, such as access network equipment such as base stations, terminal equipment such as UEs, relay equipment, repeater equipment, IAB equipment, AP equipment, etc.;

[0573] The third device is the carrier signal transmitting device;

[0574] A fourth device with network scheduling capabilities; the fourth device is a device with network scheduling capabilities that is different from the first, second and third devices, such as a gateway, router, access network device, relay device, IAB device, Repeater device, terminal device, AP device, etc.

[0575] Optionally, the first information includes at least one of the following:

[0576] The modulation method of the first signal;

[0577] The modulation order of the first signal;

[0578] The modulation rate or backscatter link frequency (BLF) of the first signal;

[0579] The encoding method of the first signal;

[0580] The coding rate of the first signal;

[0581] The number of times the first signal is repeatedly transmitted;

[0582] The signal period of the first signal;

[0583] The mapping relationship between the input bits and modulation symbols in the first signal;

[0584] First index information associated with backscattered CSS modulation, the first index information being used to indicate the associated CSS modulation parameters.

[0585] Optionally, the third information includes at least one of the following:

[0586] The transmission parameter information of the first signal;

[0587] Demodulation related information of the first signal.

[0588] Optionally, the demodulation-related information of the first signal includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0589] a) The modulation method of the first signal, such as including but not limited to binary on / off keying (OOK) modulation, amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation, phase shift keying (PSK) modulation, frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), APSK modulation, CSS modulation, etc.;

[0590] b) The modulation order of the first signal;

[0591] c) The modulation rate of the first signal;

[0592] d) The encoding method of the first signal, for example, including but not limited to channel coding methods (e.g., RS code, Polar code, convolutional code, repetition code, etc.) or line coding methods (e.g., FM0 code, Miller code, Manchester code, etc.);

[0593] e) The coding rate of the first signal;

[0594] f) The precoding parameters of the first signal;

[0595] g) The mapping relationship between the input bits and modulation symbols in the first signal, such as the mapping relationship between the input bits and the initial scanning frequency;

[0596] h) Signal parameters of the reference despread signal corresponding to the first signal; wherein, when the frequency sweep mode of the first signal is up-chirp mode, the reference despread signal is conjugate to the first signal with the lowest scan start frequency; or, when the frequency sweep mode of the first signal is down-chirp mode, the reference despread signal is conjugate to the first signal with the highest scan start frequency; based on these signal parameters, the demodulated first signal (i.e., the backscattered CSS modulated signal) can be referenced.

[0597] i) Signal parameters of the conjugate despreading signal corresponding to the first signal, wherein the conjugate despreading signal is conjugate to the first signal; based on these signal parameters, the demodulated first signal (i.e., the backscattered CSS modulated signal) can be referenced.

[0598] j) A fourth index information associated with the demodulation of the first signal, the fourth index information being used to indicate the demodulation parameters of the associated first signal; wherein, different fourth index information is associated with different demodulation parameters of the first signal, and each third index information may correspond to a set of demodulation parameters of the first signal, such as those described in a) to i) above; the relevant correspondence may be pre-configured by the network or protocol.

[0599] Optionally, the second information includes at least one of the following:

[0600] Frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal;

[0601] The time-domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal;

[0602] The signal waveform of the carrier signal;

[0603] The transmission power of the carrier signal;

[0604] A fifth index information associated with the transmission parameters of the carrier signal, the fifth index information being used to indicate the transmission parameters of the associated carrier signal.

[0605] Optionally, the fourth information includes at least one of the following:

[0606] Frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal;

[0607] The time-domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal;

[0608] The signal waveform of the carrier signal;

[0609] The transmission power of the carrier signal;

[0610] A fifth index information associated with the transmission parameters of the carrier signal, the fifth index information being used to indicate the transmission parameters of the associated carrier signal.

[0611] Optionally, the frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0612] The center frequency point of the carrier signal;

[0613] The bandwidth of the carrier signal;

[0614] The scan start frequency of the carrier signal;

[0615] The scanning cutoff frequency of the carrier signal;

[0616] The lowest scanning frequency of the carrier signal;

[0617] The highest scanning frequency of the carrier signal;

[0618] The slope of the scanning frequency of the carrier signal;

[0619] The spreading factor of the carrier signal;

[0620] The chip rate of the carrier signal;

[0621] The symbol rate or symbol period of the carrier signal;

[0622] The frequency sweeping method of the carrier signal, for example, is up-chirp mode or down-chirp mode;

[0623] The frequency offset or shift of the carrier signal.

[0624] Optionally, the time-domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0625] The signal period of the carrier signal;

[0626] The signal length of the carrier signal;

[0627] The number of time-domain repetitions of the carrier signal;

[0628] The carrier signal's synchronization signal or synchronization sequence.

[0629] The information configuration device 140 provided in this application embodiment can implement the various processes implemented in the method embodiment of FIG6 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0630] As shown in Figure 15, this application embodiment also provides a communication device 150, including a processor 151 and a memory 152. The memory 152 stores a program or instructions that can run on the processor 151. For example, when the communication device 150 is a first device, the program or instructions executed by the processor 151 implement the various steps of the above-described signal transmission method embodiment and achieve the same technical effect. When the communication device 150 is a second device, the program or instructions executed by the processor 151 implement the various steps of the above-described signal transmission method embodiment and achieve the same technical effect. When the communication device 150 is a fifth device, the program or instructions executed by the processor 151 implement the various steps of the above-described information configuration method embodiment and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, further details are omitted here.

[0631] This application also provides a readable storage medium storing a program or instructions. When the program or instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the various processes of the above-described signal transmission method embodiments or the various processes of the above-described information configuration method embodiments, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again here.

[0632] The processor mentioned above is the processor in the terminal described in the above embodiments. The readable storage medium includes computer-readable storage media, such as computer read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk. In some examples, the readable storage medium may be a non-transient readable storage medium.

[0633] This application embodiment also provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface. The communication interface is coupled to the processor. The processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the various processes of the above signal transmission method embodiment or the various processes of the above information configuration method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0634] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as a system-on-a-chip, system chip, chip system, or system-on-a-chip, etc.

[0635] This application also provides a computer program / program product, which is stored in a storage medium and executed by at least one processor to implement the various processes of the above-described signal transmission method embodiments or the various processes of the above-described information configuration method embodiments, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0636] This application also provides a communication system including at least two of a first device, a second device, and a fifth device. The first device can be used to perform the steps of the signal transmission method described above, the second device can be used to perform the steps of the signal transmission method described above, and the fifth device can be used to perform the steps of the information configuration method described above.

[0637] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0638] From the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of computer software products plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, they can also be implemented by hardware. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.) and includes several instructions to cause the terminal or network-side device to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0639] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other implementations under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these implementations are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A signal transmission method, comprising: The first device generates a first signal based on the first information and the received carrier signal, wherein the first signal is a backscattered chirped spread spectrum (CSS) modulated signal. The first device sends the first signal.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The carrier signal includes at least one of the following: Single-tone signal; Reference chirp signal; CSS modulated signal.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, When the carrier signal is a single-tone signal, the first device generates a first signal based on the first information and the received carrier signal, including: The first device generates a CSS modulation signal based on the carrier signal and the baseband signal, and performs backscatter modulation on the generated CSS modulation signal based on the first information to obtain the first signal.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein, When the carrier signal is a reference chirp signal or a CSS modulated signal, the first device generates a first signal based on the first information and the received carrier signal, including: The first device performs backscatter modulation on the carrier signal based on the first information and the baseband signal to obtain the first signal.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, The first information includes at least one of the following: The modulation method of the first signal; The modulation order of the first signal; The modulation rate or backscatter link frequency (BLF) of the first signal; The encoding method of the first signal; The reflection coefficient or amplification coefficient of the first signal; The coding rate of the first signal; The number of times the first signal is repeatedly transmitted; The signal period of the first signal; The mapping relationship between the input bits and modulation symbols in the first signal; First index information associated with backscattered CSS modulation, the first index information being used to indicate the associated CSS modulation parameters.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method further comprises: The first device receives the carrier signal according to the second information; The second information includes at least one of the following: Frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal; The time-domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal; The signal waveform of the carrier signal; A second index information associated with the transmission parameters of the carrier signal, the second index information being used to indicate the transmission parameters of the associated carrier signal.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal include at least one of the following: The center frequency point of the carrier signal; The bandwidth of the carrier signal; The scan start frequency of the carrier signal; The scanning cutoff frequency of the carrier signal; The lowest scanning frequency of the carrier signal; The highest scanning frequency of the carrier signal; The slope of the scanning frequency of the carrier signal; The spreading factor of the carrier signal; The chip rate of the carrier signal; The symbol rate or symbol period of the carrier signal; The frequency sweep method of the carrier signal; The frequency offset or shift of the carrier signal.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The time-domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal include at least one of the following: The signal period of the carrier signal; The signal length of the carrier signal; The number of time-domain repetitions of the carrier signal; The carrier signal's synchronization signal or synchronization sequence.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the method further comprises at least one of the following: The first device determines the first information; The first device receives the first information from the second device, where the second device is the receiving device for the first signal; The first device receives the first information from the third device, wherein the third device is a device that provides the carrier signal; The first device receives the first information from the fourth device, which is a device with network scheduling function.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, When the first information is received by the first device, the first information is configured or indicated by at least one of the following: Radio Resource Control (RRC); Non-access stratum (NAS) signaling; Media Access Control Unit (MAC CE); Downlink Control Information (DCI); Secondary Link Control Information (SCI); Layer 1 or physical layer signaling; Factory configuration information or default configuration information.

11. A signal transmission method, comprising: The second device executes the first operation based on the third information; The first operation includes at least: receiving a first signal sent by a first device and demodulating the first signal; the first signal is a CSS modulated signal obtained by backscattering a carrier signal.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The third information includes at least one of the following: The transmission parameter information of the first signal; Demodulation related information of the first signal.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The transmission parameters of the first signal include at least one of the following: The transmission parameter information of the carrier signal; Frequency domain correlation parameters of the first signal; The time-domain correlation parameters of the first signal; A third index information associated with the transmission parameters of the first signal, the third index information being used to indicate the transmission parameters of the associated first signal.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein, The frequency domain correlation parameters of the first signal include at least one of the following: The center frequency of the first signal; The bandwidth of the first signal; The scan start frequency of the first signal; The scanning cutoff frequency of the first signal; The lowest scanning frequency of the first signal; The highest scanning frequency of the first signal; The slope of the scanning frequency of the first signal; The spreading factor of the first signal; The chip rate of the first signal; The symbol rate or symbol period of the first signal; The frequency sweep method of the first signal; The frequency offset or shift of the first signal.

15. The method according to claim 13, wherein, The time-domain correlation parameters of the first signal include at least one of the following: The signal period of the first signal; The signal length of the first signal; The number of time-domain repetitions of the first signal; The synchronization signal or synchronization sequence of the first signal.

16. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The demodulation-related information of the first signal includes at least one of the following: The modulation method of the first signal; The modulation order of the first signal; The modulation rate of the first signal; The encoding method of the first signal; The coding rate of the first signal; The precoding parameters of the first signal; The mapping relationship between the input bits and modulation symbols in the first signal; The signal parameters of the reference despread signal corresponding to the first signal; wherein, when the frequency sweep mode of the first signal is up-chirp mode, the reference despread signal is conjugate to the first signal with the lowest scan start frequency; or, when the frequency sweep mode of the first signal is down-chirp mode, the reference despread signal is conjugate to the first signal with the highest scan start frequency; the signal parameters of the conjugate despread signal corresponding to the first signal, wherein the conjugate despread signal is conjugate to the first signal; A fourth index information associated with the demodulation of the first signal, the fourth index information being used to indicate the demodulation parameters of the associated first signal.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein, The signal parameters of the reference despread signal include at least one of the following: The frequency sweep method of the reference despread signal; The lowest sweep frequency of the reference despread signal; The highest sweep frequency of the reference despread signal; The sweep start frequency of the reference despread signal; The sweep cutoff frequency of the reference despread signal; The center frequency point of the reference despread signal; The bandwidth of the reference despread signal; The spreading factor of the reference despread signal; The code rate of the reference despread signal; The symbol rate of the reference despread signal.

18. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 17, wherein the method further comprises: The second device sends a carrier signal to the first device based on the fourth information; The fourth piece of information includes at least one of the following: Frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal; The time-domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal; The signal waveform of the carrier signal; The transmission power of the carrier signal; A fifth index information associated with the transmission parameters of the carrier signal, the fifth index information being used to indicate the transmission parameters of the associated carrier signal.

19. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 18, wherein the method further comprises at least one of the following: The second device determines the third information; The second device receives the third information from the first device, where the first device is the device that transmits the first signal; The second device receives the third information from the third device, wherein the third device is a device that provides the carrier signal; The second device receives the third information from the fourth device, which is a device with network scheduling capabilities.

20. An information configuration method, comprising: The fifth device performs the second operation; The second operation includes at least one of the following: sending a first message or a second message to a first device, sending a third message or a fourth message to a second device, or sending a fourth message to a third device; Wherein, the first information is used to generate a first signal, which is a backscattered CSS modulated signal; the second information is used to receive a carrier signal; the third information is used to receive and demodulate the first signal; and the fourth information is used to transmit the carrier signal.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein, The carrier signal includes at least one of the following: Single-tone signal; Reference Chirp signal; CSS modulated signal.

22. The method according to claim 20 or 21, wherein, The first information includes at least one of the following: The modulation method of the first signal; The modulation order of the first signal; The modulation rate or backscatter link frequency (BLF) of the first signal; The encoding method of the first signal; The coding rate of the first signal; The number of times the first signal is repeatedly transmitted; The signal period of the first signal; The mapping relationship between the input bits and modulation symbols in the first signal; First index information associated with backscattered CSS modulation, the first index information being used to indicate the associated CSS modulation parameters.

23. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein, The third information includes at least one of the following: The transmission parameter information of the first signal; Demodulation related information of the first signal.

24. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 23, wherein, The second information includes at least one of the following: Frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal; The time-domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal; The signal waveform of the carrier signal; The transmission power of the carrier signal; A fifth index information associated with the transmission parameters of the carrier signal, the fifth index information being used to indicate the transmission parameters of the associated carrier signal; or, The fourth piece of information includes at least one of the following: Frequency domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal; The time-domain correlation parameters of the carrier signal; The signal waveform of the carrier signal; The transmission power of the carrier signal; A fifth index information associated with the transmission parameters of the carrier signal, the fifth index information being used to indicate the transmission parameters of the associated carrier signal.

25. A signal transmission device, comprising: The generation module is used to generate a first signal based on the first information and the received carrier signal, wherein the first signal is a backscattered chirped spread spectrum (CSS) modulated signal. The first transmitting module is used to transmit the first signal.

26. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein, The carrier signal includes at least one of the following: Single-tone signal; Reference Chirp signal; CSS modulated signal.

27. The apparatus according to claim 25 or 26, wherein, The first information includes at least one of the following: The modulation method of the first signal; The modulation order of the first signal; The modulation rate or backscatter link frequency (BLF) of the first signal; The encoding method of the first signal; The coding rate of the first signal; The number of times the first signal is repeatedly transmitted; The signal period of the first signal; The mapping relationship between the input bits and modulation symbols in the first signal; First index information associated with backscattered CSS modulation, the first index information being used to indicate the associated CSS modulation parameters.

28. The apparatus according to any one of claims 25 to 27, further comprising: The first processing module is configured to perform at least one of the following: Determine the first information; The first information is received from the second device, which is the receiving device for the first signal; The first information is received from a third device, wherein the third device is a device that provides the carrier signal; The first information is received from a fourth device, which is a device with network scheduling capabilities.

29. A signal transmission device, comprising: The first execution module is used to perform the first operation based on the third information; The first operation includes at least: receiving a first signal sent by a first device and demodulating the first signal; the first signal is a CSS modulated signal obtained by backscattering a carrier signal.

30. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein, The third information includes at least one of the following: The transmission parameter information of the first signal; Demodulation related information of the first signal.

31. The apparatus according to claim 29 or 30, wherein, The demodulation-related information of the first signal includes at least one of the following: The modulation method of the first signal; The modulation order of the first signal; The modulation rate of the first signal; The encoding method of the first signal; The coding rate of the first signal; The precoding parameters of the first signal; The mapping relationship between the input bits and modulation symbols in the first signal; The signal parameters of the reference despread signal corresponding to the first signal; wherein, when the frequency sweep mode of the first signal is up-chirp mode, the reference despread signal is conjugate to the first signal with the lowest scan start frequency; or, when the frequency sweep mode of the first signal is down-chirp mode, the reference despread signal is conjugate to the first signal with the highest scan start frequency; The signal parameters of the conjugate despreading signal corresponding to the first signal, wherein the conjugate despreading signal is conjugate to the first signal; A fourth index information associated with the demodulation of the first signal, the fourth index information being used to indicate the demodulation parameters of the associated first signal.

32. An information configuration device, comprising: The second execution module is used to perform the second operation; The second operation includes at least one of the following: sending a first message or a second message to a first device, sending a third message or a fourth message to a second device, or sending a fourth message to a third device; Wherein, the first information is used to generate a first signal, which is a backscattered CSS modulated signal; the second information is used to receive a carrier signal; the third information is used to receive and demodulate the first signal; and the fourth information is used to transmit the carrier signal.

33. A communication device comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions executable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the signal transmission method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, or implementing the steps of the signal transmission method as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 19, or implementing the steps of the information configuration method as claimed in any one of claims 20 to 24.

34. A readable storage medium storing a program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the signal transmission method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, or the steps of the signal transmission method as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 19, or the steps of the information configuration method as claimed in any one of claims 20 to 24.

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