Measuring apparatus and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a measuring apparatus (1) for determining at least one processing property of building material and / or thick matter (D), wherein the measuring apparatus (1) has: a nozzle device (2) which has a nozzle opening (3), wherein a sample (P) of building material and / or thick matter (D) can be extruded through the nozzle opening (3) in a substantially horizontal extrusion direction (E) of the measuring apparatus (1) in order to produce a sample strand (S) in a shaping manner; a tubular body (4) which delimits a tubular body interior (5) for receiving the sample (P) to be extruded, wherein the nozzle opening (3) opens the tubular body interior (5) to the outside; and a piston (6) relative to which the tubular body (4) can be adjusted counter to the extrusion direction (E) in order to displace the sample (P) out of the tubular body interior (5) in such a manner that the displaced sample (P) can be extruded through the nozzle opening (3), thereby producing the sample strand (S) in a shaping manner, for determining the at least one processing property.

Description

[0001] Measuring device and method

[0002] SCOPE OF APPLICATION AND STATE OF THE ART

[0003] The invention relates to a measuring device for determining at least one processing property of construction and / or thick material and a method for determining at least one processing property of construction and / or thick material using such a measuring device.

[0004] TASK AND SOLUTION

[0005] It is an object of the present invention to provide a measuring device for determining at least one processing property of construction and / or thick material, and a method for determining at least one processing property of construction and / or thick material using such a measuring device, both of which have improved properties. In particular, a practical method is to be provided for determining those processing properties of construction and / or thick material that are particularly relevant when processing the construction and / or thick material by extrusion and / or by 3D printing. In particular, the determination of the at least one processing property should be made possible independently of, and especially separately from, a conveying device for conveying and / or processing the construction and / or thick material.

[0006] This problem is solved by the subject matter of the independent patent claims. Preferred embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent patent claims.

[0007] A measuring device according to the invention serves to determine at least one processing property of construction and / or viscous materials. The measuring device has a nozzle assembly with a nozzle opening. A sample of construction and / or viscous material can be extruded through the nozzle opening in a substantially horizontal extrusion direction of the measuring device to form a sample strand. The measuring device has a tube body that defines an interior space for receiving the sample to be extruded. The nozzle opening opens the interior of the tube body to the outside. Through the nozzle opening, the interior of the tube body can communicate fluid-conductingly with an external environment of the measuring device. The nozzle assembly can be connected to the tube body in the extrusion direction, in particular directly. The measuring device also has a piston.The tube body is adjustable relative to the piston in the opposite direction of extrusion in order to displace the sample from the interior of the tube body in such a way that the displaced sample, forming the sample strand, can be extruded through the die opening for determining at least one processing property. The tube body can be placed over the piston and / or pulled or pressed over the piston to displace the sample from the interior of the tube body by means of the piston.

[0008] The invention allows, in particular, the determination of at least one processing property that differs from typically used processing properties of construction and / or thickening materials. Such a typically used processing property could, for example, be a spread, viscosity, or yield point of the construction and / or thickening material. In contrast, the processing property determinable by the invention could be pumpability, extrudability, and / or suitability for construction of the construction and / or thickening material. Alternatively or additionally, the extrusion force and / or conveying pressure required for processing the construction and / or thickening material could be a processing property of the construction and / or thickening material that could be determined by the invention.The invention can therefore provide additional or alternative information compared to conventional testing methods for construction and / or viscous materials. In particular, the invention enables the determination of at least one processing property outside of a conveying system for conveying and / or processing construction and / or viscous materials, especially based on only a relatively small and / or defined sample volume. An alternative or additional processing property that can be determined using the invention can be the density of the construction and / or viscous material, particularly where the determination is carried out in a different and / or simplified and / or more accurate manner than conventionally.

[0009] The building material can be a viscous substance. This viscous substance can be a paste-like mixture of different materials. It can be mortar, cement, screed, or concrete, each in a mixable and / or pumpable state. In this mixable and / or pumpable state, the building material and / or viscous substance is not yet hardened and / or set. In particular, the building material and / or viscous substance is thixotropic and / or has a compressive strength.

[0010] "Pumpability" specifically indicates the maximum pressure and pressure profile during a pump stroke for conveying construction and / or viscous material, depending on a constant or variable stroke speed. From this, the conveying resistance can be estimated in comparison to other construction and / or viscous material formulations and / or different consistencies with the same formulation. "Extrudability" expresses the deviation between a predetermined target geometry and the actual geometry of an extruded strand of construction and / or viscous material. The strand geometry can be measured manually or using a 3D measuring system. This allows for comparison of the actual strand width with the corresponding die opening width. In particular, strand expansion can be taken into account.Alternatively or additionally, the presence of a trapezoidal shape on the strand flanks and / or a deformation, particularly a curved one, on the strand top can be considered. Alternatively or additionally, the smoothness of the strand flank and / or top surface can be considered. Extrudability can indicate whether the construction and / or thick material falls within specified property tolerances and is suitable for processing, especially for additive manufacturing.

[0011] The "buildability" of a stack allows for a determination of whether a lower layer of a multi-layer stack can support the layers above it without deformation, or whether the lower layer is deformed by the load of the layers above it. The stability and deformation of 3D-printed layers under the load of other layers can be considered. The severity of a sawtooth surface on the stack flanks resulting from trapezoidal formation on the extrusion flanks can be taken into account. The cumulative effect of surface defects can also be considered.

[0012] The measuring device can be referred to synonymously as an "extrudometer".

[0013] In this context, "determine" can be understood synonymously with "ascertain".

[0014] The terms "encompass" or "have" can be used synonymously with each other and with the term "exhibit".

[0015] The wording as well as alternatively or additionally In the present context, the phrase "and / or" can be used interchangeably, and vice versa.

[0016] The terms "position" and "adjust" can be used synonymously with each other and with the term "move." In this context, "control" can mean "steer" and / or "regulate." Accordingly, "controllable" can be understood as synonymous with "adjustable" and / or "controllable."

[0017] In this context, "capture" can be understood synonymously with "measure", "detect", "record" and / or "sense".

[0018] The measuring device is appropriately designed to be portable and / or portable.

[0019] In an embodiment of the invention, the measuring device includes a sensor for detecting at least one dimension of the sample. The sensor is designed to detect the size of the sample within the interior of the pipe body. At least one processing property of the material and / or viscous substance of the sample depends on the dimension detectable by the sensor. Alternatively or additionally, at least one processing property of the sample strand can be visually determined and / or verified.

[0020] Advantageously, at least one sensor of the sensor device is attached to the piston in such a way that the sample contained in the interior of the tube can be touched by the sensor in order to detect at least one parameter of the sample within the interior of the tube. The at least one parameter detectable by the sensor device can be temperature and / or pressure and / or mass and / or force.

[0021] Advantageously, the sensor can be at least partially accommodated in a complementary bore, in particular a blind or through bore, of the piston. Advantageously, the tube body can be adjustable along a linear adjustment direction relative to the piston. The bore of the piston can be cut out parallel to the adjustment direction.

[0022] Advantageously, a signal transmission device for at least one sensor of the sensor device extends completely outside the interior of the pipe body. The signal transmission device can be configured for wired or wireless transmission of a sensor signal generated by the sensor, wherein the sensor signal represents the at least one quantity detected by the sensor.

[0023] In a further embodiment of the invention, the tube body, particularly together with the piston, is pivotable relative to a base of the measuring device between an extrusion orientation of the tube body and a filling orientation of the tube body. The nozzle opening opens the interior of the tube body essentially horizontally in the extrusion orientation and essentially vertically in the filling orientation, particularly against the direction of gravity, to the outside. "Essentially" can refer to a positional deviation of + / - 5%. The piston can be rotatably adjustable, and in particular not translationally adjustable, only about a rotational axis extending horizontally and perpendicular to the extrusion direction relative to the base of the measuring device. The position of this rotational axis relative to the base is, in particular, fixed.

[0024] In the filling orientation, the interior of the pipe body is expediently sealed opposite the nozzle opening by means of the piston in a way that is both structurally and / or material-tight.

[0025] Advantageously, the piston may have a circumferential sealing device which is designed to be structurally and / or material-tight on an inner side of the tube body, particularly in both the filling and extrusion orientations and during the displacement of the sample from the interior of the tube body.

[0026] In a further embodiment of the invention, the measuring device has a locking device for locking the tube body relative to the piston, in particular by positive locking and / or friction locking. Alternatively or additionally, the measuring device has a further locking device for locking the tube body, in particular relative to the base of the measuring device, in its filling orientation and / or in its extrusion orientation, in particular by positive locking and / or friction locking.

[0027] Advantageously, the locking device and / or the further locking device shall have at least one locking pin. Alternatively or additionally, the locking device and / or the further locking device may have another form-fit and / or friction-fit connecting element.

[0028] In a further embodiment of the invention, the measuring device comprises a drive unit, in particular a variable-length unit, for adjusting the tube body relative to the base of the measuring device. The drive unit can be designed as an electric and / or hydraulic and / or pneumatic drive unit. In particular, the tube body is adjustable relative to the piston along the extrusion direction by means of the drive unit if, and in particular only if, the tube body and the piston are not locked relative to each other.

[0029] In a further embodiment of the invention, the tube body is pivotable relative to the base of the measuring device between its extrusion orientation and its filling orientation by means of the drive device if, and in particular only if, the tube body and the piston are locked relative to each other.

[0030] In a further embodiment of the invention, the interior of the tube body and / or the nozzle opening and / or the piston has a substantially rectangular cross-sectional area with respect to the extrusion direction. In particular, the cross-sectional area is planar in the extrusion orientation of the tube body, extending perpendicular to the extrusion direction. Each of the cross-sectional areas can extend horizontally and – alternatively or additionally – have an aspect ratio of at least 2:1. In other words, each cross-sectional area can have its greatest extent along a horizontal line extending perpendicular to the extrusion direction.

[0031] Advantageously, the pipe body, in particular the interior of the pipe body, has a length of approximately 0.5 m measured in the extrusion orientation along the extrusion direction.

[0032] In a further embodiment of the invention, the nozzle device is adjustable in order to geometrically adapt a shaping contour, in particular a cross-sectional area, to its nozzle opening.

[0033] The nozzle opening can taper in the extrusion direction relative to the interior of the tube. Advantageously, the cross-sectional area at the shaping contour of the nozzle opening can be 80% to 90% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the interior of the tube. The cross-sectional area of ​​the interior of the tube corresponds, in particular, to the cross-sectional area of ​​the piston.

[0034] In a further embodiment of the invention, the measuring device includes a table, in particular in the form of a lifting table, for supporting the sample strand. The table has a substantially horizontally extending tabletop on which the sample strand can be placed. In particular, the tabletop is height-adjustable relative to the nozzle opening such that successively produced sample strands can be stacked vertically on top of each other above the tabletop.

[0035] It is conceivable to design the table with a height-adjustable tabletop to be automatically and / or synchronously controllable during the sample strand extrusion, in particular by means of a central and / or separate control system.

[0036] In a further embodiment of the invention, the measuring device comprises an optical detection device, in particular comprising at least one camera, for detecting at least one property of at least one extruded sample strand. The property detectable by means of the camera can be a processing property or another property.

[0037] In a further embodiment of the invention, the measuring device includes a position detection unit for detecting the instantaneous position of the tube body, particularly when in its extrusion orientation, relative to the piston. Specifically, at least one quantity can be detected by the sensor unit as a function of the instantaneous position of the tube body and / or as a function of the instantaneous velocity of the tube body relative to the piston. In this way, the trend of the quantity with respect to the instantaneous position and / or the instantaneous velocity can be determined.

[0038] In a further embodiment of the invention, the measuring device comprises an evaluation unit, in particular an electronic one, wherein the evaluation unit is connected to the sensor unit and / or the position detection unit and / or the optical detection unit and / or the drive unit of the measuring device via data transmission. Alternatively or additionally, the measuring device comprises an output unit, in particular one provided by the evaluation unit, which is configured for outputting, in particular visually, at least one detected quantity and / or at least one processing characteristic. The evaluation unit can be a control unit for monitoring the components connected to it via data transmission. The control unit can be comprised of a control system.

[0039] A method according to the invention serves to determine at least one processing property of construction and / or viscous material using a measuring device according to the invention as described above. The method comprises a step a) in which the interior of the tube is filled, in particular at least partially or exclusively, with construction and / or viscous material for the sample, especially through the nozzle opening. The method further comprises a step b) in which the tube is adjusted relative to the piston in order to displace the sample from the interior of the tube such that the displaced sample is extruded substantially horizontally through the nozzle opening, generating a sample strand.Furthermore, the method includes a step c) according to which at least one dimension of the sample is detected within the interior of the tube body, wherein at least one processing property of the construction and / or thickness material of the sample depends on the dimension detected.

[0040] It is advantageous to compact the material in the construction and / or thickening agent of the sample within the interior of the pipe body during and / or after filling.

[0041] In an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises a step a1), which is performed prior to step b), and in which the tube body is pivoted relative to the base of the measuring device from its filling orientation to its extrusion orientation. Alternatively or additionally, during step b), the extruded sample strand is placed on a height-adjustable tabletop of a table of the measuring device, the method comprising a step b1), which is performed after step b). According to step b1), the tabletop is lowered, in particular automatically, so that when at least steps a) and b), and c), are performed again, a further sample strand is stacked on top of the previously placed sample strand.

[0042] In a further embodiment of the invention, the interior of the pipe body is not completely filled with construction material and / or thickening agent during step a), in particular such that a sample volume of construction material and / or thickening agent introduced into the interior of the pipe body amounts to 60% to 90%, in particular 75%, of the volume of the interior of the pipe body. A remaining portion of the interior volume of the pipe body can remain empty.

[0043] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Further advantages and aspects of the invention will become apparent from the claims and from the description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, which are explained below with reference to the figures. These figures show:

[0045] Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of an embodiment of a measuring device according to the invention during the execution of an embodiment of a method according to the invention.

[0046] Fig. 2 shows another snapshot of the measuring device according to Fig. 1 during the

[0047] Implementation of a further embodiment of the method, Fig. 3 in schematic perspective view another embodiment of the measuring device according to the invention, wherein a tube body of the measuring device is located in an extrusion orientation,

[0048] Fig. 4 shows a schematic perspective view of a detail of the measuring device according to

[0049] Fig. 3,

[0050] Fig. 5 shows a schematic perspective view of the measuring device according to Fig. 3, wherein the pipe body of the measuring device is in a filling orientation, and

[0051] Figs. 6 to 8 show a further embodiment of the measuring device according to the invention in a sequence of lateral snapshots when the tube body is adjusted from its extrusion orientation to its filling orientation.

[0052] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXECUTION EXAMPLES

[0053] A measuring device 1 according to the invention is designed to determine at least one processing property of construction and / or thick material D. The measuring device 1 is, for example, portable and / or wearable.

[0054] At least one processing property can be pumpability and / or extrudability and / or workability and / or density of the construction and / or thick material D. Alternatively or additionally, an extrusion force and / or a conveying pressure required for processing the construction and / or thick material D can be a processing property of the construction and / or thick material D that can be determined by means of the measuring device 1.

[0055] The measuring device 1 comprises a nozzle assembly 2. The nozzle assembly 2 has a nozzle opening 3. A sample P of construction and / or thick material D can be extruded through the nozzle opening 3 in a substantially horizontal extrusion direction E of the measuring device 1 to form a sample strand S. The sample P has, in particular, a predetermined and / or reproducible sample volume. The measuring device 1 comprises a tube body 4. The tube body 4 defines an interior space 5 for receiving the sample P to be extruded. The nozzle opening 3 opens the interior space 5 to the outside.

[0056] The measuring device 1 also includes a piston 6. Relative to the piston 6, the tube body 4 is adjustable against the extrusion direction E such that the sample P is displaced from the interior of the tube body 5. The sample P can be displaced from the interior of the tube body 5 by means of the piston 6 in such a way that the displaced sample P, forming the sample strand S, can be extruded through the nozzle opening 3 for the determination of at least one processing property.

[0057] For example, the measuring device 1 has a sensor device 7 for detecting at least one parameter of the sample P within the interior of the pipe body 5. At least one processing property of the construction material and / or viscous material D of the sample P depends on the detectable parameter. The at least one parameter detectable by means of the sensor device 7 can be a temperature T and / or a pressure p and / or a mass m and / or a force.

[0058] For example, at least one sensor 8 of the sensor device 7 is attached to the piston 6. The sensor 8 can be attached to and / or arranged on the piston 6 such that the sample P received in the interior of the tube 5 can be touched by the sensor 8, in particular directly, in order to detect at least one dimension of the sample P within the interior of the tube 5. The sensor 8 can be at least partially received in a complementary bore, in particular a blind or through bore, of the piston 6. The tube 4 can be adjustable along a linear adjustment direction relative to the piston 6. The bore of the piston 6 can be cut out parallel to the adjustment direction.

[0059] For example, a signal transmission device 9 of at least one sensor 8 of the sensor device 7 extends completely outside the interior of the pipe body 5. The signal transmission device 9 can be configured for wired or wireless transmission of a sensor signal generated by the sensor 8, wherein the sensor signal represents the at least one quantity detected by the sensor 8.

[0060] For example, the tube body 4, particularly together with the piston 6, is pivotable relative to a base 10 of the measuring device 1 between an extrusion orientation EO of the tube body 4 and a filling orientation BO of the tube body 4. The nozzle opening 3 can open the interior of the tube body 5 substantially horizontally in the extrusion orientation EO. In contrast, the nozzle opening 3 can open the interior of the tube body 5 substantially vertically outwards in the filling orientation BO, for example, against a direction of gravity G. The tube body 4, particularly the interior of the tube body 5, can have a length L of approximately 0.5 m measured along the extrusion direction E in the extrusion orientation EO. A pivot axis about which the tube body 4 is pivotable can be substantially horizontal and / or perpendicular to the extrusion direction E.

[0061] The interior of the pipe body 5 can be sealed in the filling orientation BO opposite the nozzle opening 3 by means of the piston 6 in a way that is both structurally and / or material-tight.

[0062] The piston 6 can have a circumferential sealing device 11. The sealing device 11 can be designed to be dimensionally and / or material-sealing on an inner surface 12 of the tube body 4, for example, both in the filling and extrusion orientations BO, EO and also during the displacement of the sample P from the interior of the tube body 5.

[0063] For example, the measuring device 1 has a locking device 14 for locking the tube body 4 relative to the piston 6. Alternatively or additionally, the measuring device 1 can have a further locking device for locking the tube body 4 in its filling orientation BO and / or in its extrusion orientation EO.

[0064] The locking device 14 and / or the further locking device may have at least one locking pin. Alternatively or additionally, the locking device 14 and / or the further locking device may have another positive-locking and / or friction-locking connecting element. The locking device 14 and / or the further locking device may be designed for positive-locking and / or friction-locking locking. Any locking device 14 may be manually and / or automatically actuated.

[0065] For example, the measuring device 1 has a drive unit 16, in particular an automatic one, for adjusting the tube body 4 relative to the base 10 of the measuring device 1. The drive unit 16 can be designed to be variable in length. The drive unit 16 can be designed as an electric and / or hydraulic and / or pneumatic drive unit 16.

[0066] The pipe body 4 can be adjusted relative to the piston 6 along the extrusion direction E by means of the drive unit 16. For example, the pipe body 4 is only adjustable relative to the piston 6 along the extrusion direction E if the pipe body 4 and the piston 6 are not locked relative to each other.

[0067] The tube body 4 can be pivoted relative to the base 10 of the measuring device 1 between its extrusion orientation EO and its filling orientation BO by means of the drive unit 16. For example, the tube body 4 can only be pivoted relative to the base 10 if the tube body 4 and the piston 6 are locked relative to each other.

[0068] The locking device 14 and / or the additional locking device allow selection between an extrusion configuration and a pivot configuration of the measuring device 1. In the extrusion configuration, the tube body 4 is not locked relative to the piston 6. In the pivot configuration, the tube body 4 is locked relative to the piston 6.

[0069] The interior of the tube body 5 and / or the nozzle opening 3 and / or the piston 6 can have a substantially rectangular cross-sectional area with respect to the extrusion direction E. The respective cross-sectional area can be longitudinally extended perpendicular to the direction of gravity G and / or have an aspect ratio of at least 2:1. The respective cross-sectional area can therefore have a horizontal extent that is significantly larger than, in particular at least twice as large as, a vertical extent of the same cross-sectional area.

[0070] For example, the nozzle assembly 2 is designed to be adjustable. The nozzle assembly 2 can be adjusted to geometrically adapt a shaping contour, in particular a cross-sectional area, of its nozzle opening 3. The area of ​​the cross-sectional area at the shaping contour of the nozzle opening 3 can be 80% to 90% of the area of ​​the cross-sectional area of ​​the interior of the tube body 5. The cross-sectional area of ​​the interior of the tube body 5 can correspond to the cross-sectional area of ​​the piston 6.

[0071] For example, the measuring device 1 has a table 17 for supporting the sample strand S. The table 17 can be in the form of a lifting table 18. The table 17 has, for example, a substantially horizontally extending tabletop 19 on which the sample strand S can be placed. The tabletop 19 can be height-adjustable relative to the nozzle opening 3 such that successively produced sample strands S, S' can be stacked vertically on top of each other above the tabletop 19. The table 17 with the height-adjustable tabletop 19 can be designed to be automatically and / or synchronously controlled with the extrusion of a sample strand S, in particular by means of a central and / or separate control system.

[0072] The measuring device 1 can include an optical detection device 20 for detecting at least one property of at least one extruded sample strand S. The optical detection device 20 can include at least one camera 21. For example, at least one property of several stacked sample strands S, S' can be detected simultaneously using the optical detection device 20.

[0073] For example, the measuring device 1 has a position detection device 22 for detecting an instantaneous position MP of the tube body 4 relative to the piston 6. At least one quantity can be detected by means of the sensor device 7 as a function of the instantaneous position MP of the tube body 4 and / or an instantaneous velocity of the tube body 4 relative to the piston 6.

[0074] For example, the measuring device 1 has an evaluation unit 23, in particular an electronic one. The evaluation unit 23 can be connected to the sensor unit 7 and / or the position detection unit 22 and / or the optical detection unit 20 and / or the drive unit 16 of the measuring device 1 for data transmission. Alternatively or additionally, the measuring device 1 can have an output unit 24, for example, provided by the evaluation unit 23. The output unit 24 can be configured to output, in particular visually, at least one detected quantity and / or at least one processing characteristic.

[0075] A method according to the invention is carried out to determine at least one processing property of construction and / or thick material D using a measuring device 1 according to the invention.

[0076] According to one step of the procedure, the interior of the tube body 5 is filled at least partially or completely with construction and / or thick material D for the sample P, for example exclusively through the nozzle opening 3.

[0077] According to a further step of the process, the tube body 4 is adjusted relative to the piston 6 in order to displace the sample P from the interior of the tube body 5 such that the displaced sample P is extruded substantially horizontally through the nozzle opening 3, generating a sample strand S. According to a further step of the process, at least one dimension of the sample P within the interior of the tube body 5 is detected, wherein at least one processing property of the building and / or thick material D of the sample P depends on the detected dimension.

[0078] During and / or after filling, the material D of the sample P in the construction and / or thick material can be compacted within the interior of the pipe body 5.

[0079] For example, the method includes a further step that is performed before the tube body 4 is adjusted relative to the piston 6. According to this further step, the tube body 4 is pivoted relative to the base 10 of the measuring device 1 from its filling orientation BO to its extrusion orientation EO. Alternatively or additionally, when the tube body 4 is adjusted relative to the piston 6, the extruded sample strand S is placed on the height-adjustable table 19 of the table 17 of the measuring device 1. The method can also include a further step, to be performed after the tube body 4 has been adjusted relative to the piston 6, in which the table 19 is lowered. The table 19 can be lowered, particularly automatically, such that when the remaining steps of the method are repeated, another sample strand S' is stacked on top of the previously placed sample strand S.

[0080] For example, the interior of the pipe body 5 is not completely filled with construction material and / or thickening agent D during the filling step. In particular, a sample volume of construction material and / or thickening agent D introduced into the interior of the pipe body 5 during filling can amount to 60% to 90%, especially 75%, of the volume of the interior of the pipe body 5.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Measuring device (1) for determining at least one processing property of construction and / or thick material (D), wherein the measuring device (1) comprises: a nozzle assembly (2) having a nozzle opening (3), wherein a sample (P) of construction and / or thick material (D) can be extruded through the nozzle opening (3) in a substantially horizontal extrusion direction (E) of the measuring device (1) in order to form a sample strand (S); a tube body (4) that delimits an interior space (5) of the tube body for receiving the sample (P) to be extruded, wherein the nozzle opening (3) opens the interior space (5) of the tube body to the outside; a piston (6) relative to which the tube body (4) is adjustable against the extrusion direction (E) in order to displace the sample (P) from the interior space (5) of the tube body in such a manner.that the displaced sample (P) can be extruded through the nozzle opening (3) to determine at least one processing property, thereby forming the sample strand (S).

2. Measuring device (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the measuring device (1) has a sensor device (7) for detecting at least one dimension of the sample (P) within the interior of the tube body (5), wherein at least one processing property of the building and / or thick material (D) of the sample (P) depends on the dimension, in particular wherein at least one sensor (8) of the sensor device (7) is attached to the piston (6) in such a way that the sample (P) received in the interior of the tube body (5) can be touched by means of the sensor (8) in order to detect at least one dimension of the sample (P) within the interior of the tube body (5) by touch, in particular wherein the at least one dimension detectable by means of the sensor device (7) is a temperature (T) and / or a pressure (p) and / or a mass (m) and / or a force.

3. Measuring device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the tube body (4), in particular together with the piston (6), is pivotable relative to a base (10) of the measuring device (1) between an extrusion orientation (EO) of the tube body (4) and a filling orientation (BO) of the tube body (4), wherein the nozzle opening (3) opens the interior of the tube body (5) to the outside in the extrusion orientation (EO) substantially horizontally and in the filling orientation (BO) substantially vertically, in particular against a direction of gravity (G).

4. Measuring device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measuring device (1) has a locking device (14) for locking the tube body (4) relative to the piston (6), in particular by positive locking and / or friction locking; and / or wherein the measuring device (1) has a further locking device for locking the tube body (4) in its filling orientation (BO) and / or in its extrusion orientation (EO), in particular by positive locking and / or friction locking.

5. Measuring device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measuring device (1) has a drive device (16), in particular a variable-length drive device, for adjusting the tube body (4) relative to a base (10) of the measuring device (1), in particular wherein the tube body (4) is adjustable relative to the piston (6) along the extrusion direction (E) by means of the drive device (16), if, in particular only if, the tube body (4) and the piston (6) are not locked relative to each other.

6. Measuring device (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the tube body (4) is pivotable relative to the base (10) of the measuring device (1) between its extrusion orientation (EO) and its filling orientation (BO) by means of the drive device (16) if, and in particular only if, the tube body (4) and the piston (6) are locked relative to each other.

7. Measuring device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the tube body interior (5) and / or the nozzle opening (3) and / or the piston (6) has a substantially rectangular cross-sectional area with respect to the extrusion direction (E), in particular wherein the respective cross-sectional area is longitudinally extended perpendicular to a gravity direction (G) and / or has an aspect ratio of at least 2:

1.

8. Measuring device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the nozzle device (2) is adjustable to geometrically adapt a shaping contour, in particular a cross-sectional area, to its nozzle opening (3).

9. Measuring device (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the measuring device (1) has a table (17), in particular in the form of a lifting table (18), for supporting the sample strand (S), wherein the table (17) has a substantially horizontally extending table top (19) on which the sample strand (S) can be placed, in particular wherein the table top (19) is height-adjustable relative to the nozzle opening (3) such that successively produced sample strands (S, S') can be stacked vertically on top of each other above the table top (19).

10. Measuring device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measuring device (1) comprises an optical detection device (20), in particular comprising at least one camera (21), for detecting at least one property of at least one extruded sample strand (S).

11. Measuring device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measuring device (1) has a position detection device (22) for detecting an instantaneous position (MP) of the tube body (4), in particular in its extrusion orientation (EO), relative to the piston (6), in particular wherein at least one quantity can be detected by means of a sensor device (7) of the measuring device (1) as a function of the instantaneous position (MP) of the tube body (4) and / or an instantaneous velocity of the tube body (4) relative to the piston (6).

12. Measuring device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measuring device (1) comprises an evaluation device (23), in particular an electronic one, wherein the evaluation device (23) is connected to a sensor device (7) and / or to a position detection device (22) of the measuring device (1) and / or to an optical detection device (20) of the measuring device (1) and / or to a drive device (16) of the measuring device (1) in a data-transmitting manner, and / or wherein the measuring device (1) comprises an output device (24), in particular one provided by the evaluation device (23), which is configured for the output, in particular visually, of at least one detected quantity and / or at least one processing property.

13. Method for determining at least one processing property of construction and / or thick material (D) using a measuring device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the method comprises the steps: a) filling the interior of the tube body (5) with construction and / or thick material (D) for the sample (P), in particular through the nozzle opening (3); b) Adjusting the tube body (4) relative to the piston (6) in order to displace the sample (P) from the interior of the tube body (5) in such a way that the displaced sample (P) is extruded substantially horizontally through the nozzle opening (3) to produce a sample strand (S); c) Detecting at least one dimension of the sample (P) within the interior of the tube body (5), wherein the at least one processing property of the bulk and / or viscous material (D) of the sample (P) depends on the dimension detected.

14. A method according to the preceding claim, wherein the method comprises the following step, which is performed before step b): a1) pivoting the tube body (4) relative to a base (10) of the measuring device (1) from its filling orientation (BO) to its extrusion orientation (EO); and / or wherein, when performing step b), the extruded sample strand (S) is placed on a height-adjustable table (19) of a table (17) of the measuring device (1), and the method comprises the following step, which is performed after step b): b1) lowering the table (19), so that, when at least steps a) and b), in particular c), are performed again, a further sample strand (S') is stacked on top of the previously placed sample strand (S).

15. Method according to one of the two preceding claims, wherein the interior of the pipe body (5) is not completely filled with construction material and / or thickening material (D) when carrying out step a), in particular such that a sample volume of construction material and / or thickening material (D) introduced into the interior of the pipe body (5) amounts to 60% to 90%, in particular 75%, of the interior volume of the pipe body (5).

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