Automatic transmission

Abstract

An automatic transmission, comprising a gear transmission system and a transmission shifting system. The transmission shifting system comprises an operating device, a single-shaft linkage external reversing device (29) and a friction clutch; the single-shaft linkage external reversing device comprises a driving shaft (3), a retaining ring (27), barrel springs (31), a driving carrier (28) and a driven carrier, wherein the driving carrier and the driven carrier are elastically connected by means of the barrel springs and are mounted in sliding fit on the driving shaft; the driving shaft is provided with long slots (66), and inner protruding slide teeth (48) of a sliding sleeve of the driving carrier are in sliding fit with the long slots; the driving carrier is connected to the operating device by means of guide rods (24), the guide rods being mounted in the long slots; the driving carrier is mounted in clearance fit in an inner circular cavity on the right side of the driven carrier; inner protruding slide teeth (52) of a sliding sleeve on the left end of the driven carrier are in sliding fit with the long slots; the axial sliding stroke of the driven carrier achieves positioning to the left by means of engagement of the friction clutch, and achieves positioning to the right by means of contact between the sliding sleeve and the retaining ring. The automatic transmission has low manufacturing costs, long service life and high transmission efficiency.

Description

Automatic transmission TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to an automatic transmission in an electric vehicle drive system, in particular an automatic transmission assembled in the rear axle of an electric vehicle, which can also be applied to the mid-drive of a two-wheeled vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of mechanical transmission. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, a few automatic transmissions on the market have small torque and have been assembled and used in two-wheeled electric vehicles. Since the volume of the cone friction clutch is small, there is frequent sliding friction in vehicle driving, the performance is unstable, and there are many faults. The technology originates from a series of adaptive transmissions patented by Southwest University in Chongqing, and there are three hundred prototypes assembled in two-wheeled electric vehicles for use in the market. Since there are many faults, follow-up development and production have not been carried out. Electric vehicles without adaptive transmissions have many defects, especially in mountainous and hilly areas where climbing is often required, which consumes a large amount of electricity and greatly reduces the cruising range, and the service life of the battery is short, and the motor and controller are also prone to burn out. Manual shifting is also very inconvenient, and the vehicle needs to be stopped before shifting, which is low in transportation efficiency.

[0003] In the prior art, the automatic transmission disclosed in the Chinese utility model patent application (application number: 201520367985.1) includes a gear transmission system, a gear shifting mechanism execution system, and a power connection system. The gear shifting mechanism execution system includes a control device, a reverse action device, and a gear shifting switch device. The gear shifting switch device is a driven frame sleeve on a driving shaft, a sliding sleeve and a curved lever assembly, a guide rod and a moving combination body assembly, and a rotating combination body combination or separation to realize gear shifting and speed change. When the moving combination body and the rotating combination body are combined or separated, there is a large transmission impact, and it has not been applied.

[0004] The above prior art cannot solve the actual problems of electric vehicle gear shifting and speed change driving comfort and clutch service life extension in actual application. The present automatic transmission is to solve the above problems, especially to automatically match the optimal torque and speed range of the electric motor. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to solve the problems of severe impact of the clutch during gear shifting and low transmission efficiency in the application of current automatic gear shifting and speed change technology in rear axle drive. Instead, a friction clutch is used to solve the impact problem of gear shifting. Especially, the electric motor matching torque realizes gear shifting, which more scientifically applies the performance characteristics of the electric motor. The present application provides an automatic transmission applied to electric vehicle drive to improve the mechanical efficiency of the vehicle transmission and achieve smooth gear shifting and driving comfort.

[0006] The above object of the present application is achieved by the following technical solutions.

[0007] An automatic transmission comprises a casing, a gear transmission system and a transmission switching system. The transmission switching system comprises a reverse linkage clutch, a control device, a reverse action device and a friction clutch. The reverse linkage clutch can control the vehicle to be in a reverse state or a forward state. In the forward state, the control device controls the friction clutch and the roller ramp clutch to realize gear shifting. The gear transmission system is a two-gear or four-gear transmission system. The control device comprises a helical tooth spring device, a fly hammer crank device, a steel ball inclined plane device and a bidirectional electromagnet. The reverse action device is a single-shaft linkage outer reverse device or a single-shaft linkage inner reverse device. The single-shaft linkage outer reverse device comprises a driving shaft, a stroke blocking ring, a waist drum spring, a driving frame and a driven frame. The driving frame and the driven frame are elastically connected to the driving shaft through the waist drum spring and are assembled in sliding fit. A long groove is arranged on the outer circle of the right side of the driving shaft. The sliding sleeve of the driving frame is provided with an inner convex sliding gear which is adapted to slide with the long groove. The sliding sleeve of the driving frame is also provided with two through holes for assembling two crank handles at the right ends of the guide rods. The guide rods are symmetrically assembled in the long groove in sliding fit. The crank handles at the left ends of the guide rods are assembled with the two through holes of the helical tooth sliding sleeve. The driving frame is assembled in clearance fit in the inner circle cavity of the right side of the driven frame. The sliding sleeve at the center of the base at the left end of the driven frame is provided with an inner convex sliding gear which is adapted to slide with the long groove of the driving shaft. The axial sliding stroke of the driven frame is realized by the elastic push contact positioning of the friction clutch to the left and the sliding sleeve to the right. The sliding sleeve of the driving frame is to the left of the stroke blocking ring, and the sliding sleeve of the driven frame is to the right of the stroke blocking ring. The axial sliding stroke of the driving frame is controlled by the two guide rods. The center points of the axial sliding strokes of the driving frame and the driven frame are close to the vertical of the plane formed by the center lines of the waist drum springs and the axis of the driving shaft. The driving frame is in the shape of a shuttle with two hooks at the ends like arrows. The two hooks are respectively the bulged spring seats. The positions between the two ends of the shuttle are provided with two bulged spring seats in bifurcation shape. Each hook-shaped bulged spring seat can be connected with each bifurcated bulged spring seat in a straight line, that is, a waist drum spring can be assembled. Each group of four waist drum springs is in the shape of a parallelogram. The stroke of the driven frame is smaller than that of the driving frame. The axial distribution of the single-shaft linkage outer reverse device can be provided with two or three groups of waist drum springs in the shape of a parallelogram at the same interval.

[0008] The reverse linkage clutch, two parallel long grooves are symmetrically arranged outside the driven shaft, two push rods are assembled in the long grooves, and the driven shaft is sequentially provided with a bearing seat, an outer convex spline part, an outer convex spline shaft, a reverse gear claw disc, a wear-resistant ring, a wear-resistant sliding sleeve, a wear-resistant sliding sleeve outer circle, a first gear driven gear and an inner ring, a roller slope clutch, a spline fixed outer ring seat, an outer clamp spring, a pinion, an outer clamp spring, a second gear driven gear, an outer clamp spring, a second gear claw disc, a small tower spring, a convex spring seat ring, and a bearing seat from left to right. The inner ring of the roller slope clutch, which is integrally formed with the first gear driven gear, is assembled with the outer ring seat through rollers and a thrust retainer. The reverse gear claw disc is provided with a steel fork at the left end face in clearance fit, the steel fork is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft at the bottom, the rotating shaft is provided with an outer concave ring groove at one end and is assembled and positioned in rotation fit through a machine shell, the other end of the rotating shaft is connected with a swing control pull rope through the machine shell for control, and the assembly structure of the swing control pull rope is similar to that of the brake pull rope rotating shaft swing. The small crank of the left end of the two push rods is respectively inserted into the two notches at the right end of the reverse gear claw disc sliding sleeve, the push rod is adapted to the axial sliding fit of the long groove of the driven shaft, the small crank of the right end of the two push rods is respectively inserted into the two notches at the left end of the second gear claw disc sliding sleeve, and the reverse gear claw disc and the second gear claw disc are assembled into a linkage combination body through the two push rods. In the vehicle reverse state, the first gear driven gear is combined with the reverse gear claw disc to realize reverse transmission connection, and the second gear driven gear is separated from the second gear claw disc. In the vehicle forward state, the first gear driven gear is separated from the reverse gear claw disc to realize the transmission connection of the first gear by the roller slope clutch, and the second gear driven gear is combined with the second gear claw disc to realize the transmission separation of the second gear by the separation of the friction clutch, the transmission connection of the second gear by the combination of the friction clutch, and the separation state of the first gear by the roller slope clutch.

[0009] The second gear transmission system, the driving shaft is sequentially provided with a bearing, a first driving gear which is a shaft gear or is assembled and fixed through a spline and an outer clamp spring, a washer, a compression spring, a driving shaft which is assembled in axial sliding fit through a long groove, a helical tooth sliding sleeve, a helical tooth sliding sleeve outer circle which is assembled in rotary sliding fit through a helical tooth, a power driven gear, a washer, an outer clamp spring, a wear-resistant ring, a second driving gear, a wear-resistant ring, an outer clamp spring, a friction clutch, a stroke stop ring, a single shaft linkage outer reversing device, and a bearing from left to right. The two ends of the power driven gear are respectively in contact and sliding fit with two washers, the helical tooth sliding sleeve realizes reciprocating motion through the rotation of the power driven gear and the action of the compression spring, and the reciprocating motion of the driving frame of the single shaft linkage outer reversing device is realized through the guide rod. The reciprocating motion of the driving frame realizes the combination or separation of the friction clutch through the waist drum spring reciprocating push and the driven frame, the first driving gear and the second driving gear are respectively engaged with the first gear driven gear and the second gear driven gear, the power driven gear is engaged with the shaft gear or the gear of the motor shaft to input power, and the small gear of the driven shaft is engaged with the differential gear to output power to drive the vehicle to run.

[0010] The friction clutch includes a conical friction clutch and a multi-plate friction clutch. The multi-plate friction clutch is a large bracket in the shape of a barrel and a small bracket in the shape of a barrel, and is composed of a small bracket, a steel friction plate, a large bracket, and a friction plate. The small bracket is composed of a sliding sleeve, a base, an outer protruding stop ring, a cylindrical seat, and an inner protruding block. The cylindrical seat is provided with an outer protruding stop ring at the right end. The outer circle of the cylindrical seat is provided with an outer spline for slidingly and cooperatively assembling the steel friction plate. The inner circle of the cylindrical seat is provided with an inner protruding block for assembling a double spring seat. The left end of the cylindrical seat is provided with a base. The base is provided with two cast holes and air holes arranged in a circle. The center part of the base is a sliding sleeve protruding to the left end. The sliding sleeve is provided with an inner protruding sliding gear for slidingly and cooperatively assembling on the driving shaft. The inner circle of the large bracket is provided with a spline groove for assembling the friction plate. The sleeve seat at the left end of the large bracket is assembled and fixed with the cylindrical sleeve at the right end of the two-gear driving gear. The steel friction plate is alternately and cooperatively assembled with the friction plate. The inner circle of the cylindrical seat of the small bracket is provided with two inner protruding blocks for assembling a sleeve-shaped double spring seat arranged in a circle at the middle part. The inner protruding block is a waist drum shape and is cooperatively assembled and fixed with the through hole in the middle of the double spring seat. Or, two long strip-shaped inner protruding blocks are provided at the same position for assembling a double spring seat in the shape of an I-beam. Each two long strip-shaped inner protruding blocks are cooperatively assembled and fixed with an I-beam-shaped double spring seat. The small bracket is a driven bracket.

[0011] The roller ramp clutch is a known technology. Chinese invention patent application (application number: 202311779005.4) entitled roller ramp clutch. Its structure is that the inner ring of the first driven gear is rotatably and cooperatively assembled between the stop ring and the outer ring seat body at the left end of the shaft gear. The outer ring seat body is cooperatively assembled and fixed with the spline at the left end of the driven shaft. The outer ring of the outer ring seat body is provided with a plurality of ramps and is assembled with rollers through a thrust retainer. The rollers cooperate with the inner ring. The thrust retainer is assembled on the right end of the outer ring through a spring. The pawl ring is assembled on the outer ring seat body through a wave spring and an outer snap spring. The outer ring seat body is provided with an open slot for assembling the pawl ring. Chinese utility model patent application (application number: 202322156905.5) entitled roller ramp type overrunning clutch, comprising: an outer ring seat body, rollers, a thrust retainer, an inner ring, a spring, a driven shaft, a wear-resistant sleeve, and a first driven gear. The first driven gear is cooperatively assembled and fixed with the inner ring. It also has the effect of reducing the friction force between the rollers and the inner ring by utilizing centrifugal force. Its characteristics are: the outer ring seat body is cooperatively assembled and fixed with the driven shaft. The outer ring seat body protrudes an outer ring. The inner circle of the outer ring is provided with a plurality of ramps in one rotation direction. Each ramp is assembled with one roller. The right end of the roller is assembled with a thrust retainer. The pawl of the thrust retainer is alternately assembled with the roller. The spring is assembled between the thrust retainer and the outer ring to always apply a thrust force to the roller relative to the outer ring in one rotation direction. The roller cooperates with the inner ring. The first driven gear and the inner ring are rotatably and slidingly assembled on the wear-resistant sleeve on the driven shaft. When it overruns, the power loss is small, it saves electricity, and the service life is long.

[0012] The automatic transmission, in the vehicle forward state, the helical tooth spring device realizes gear shifting and speed changing by the single shaft linkage outer reverse device operating the cone friction clutch and the roller ramp clutch; the cone friction clutch is the superposition of the inner cone body and the outer cone body, the hardness of the inner cone body is greater than that of the outer cone body; the single shaft linkage outer reverse device, the driving frame and the driven frame are elastically connected and slidingly fitted on the driving shaft through the waist drum spring, the driving shaft right side is provided with four long grooves, the inner convex sliding gear of the driving frame sliding sleeve is slidingly fitted with the long grooves, the sliding sleeve of the driving frame is also provided with two through holes for assembling two right end curved handles of the guide rod, the guide rod is slidingly fitted and symmetrically assembled in the long groove, the left end curved handle of the guide rod is assembled with the two through holes of the helical tooth sliding sleeve, the driving frame is clearance fitted in the inner circular cavity right side of the driven frame, the driven frame is the outer cone body, the large circular right end of the outer cone body is a circular port, the small circular left end of the outer cone body is provided with a base, the base is circumferentially arranged with two cast holes and a plurality of air holes, the sliding sleeve of the base center is provided with an inner convex sliding gear which is slidingly fitted with the long groove of the driving shaft, the inner circular middle part of the outer cone body is circumferentially arranged with two inner convex blocks for assembling the sleeve-shaped double spring seat; or two long strip-shaped inner convex blocks are arranged at the same position to assemble the I-shaped double spring seat; the axial sliding stroke of the outer cone body is leftwardly realized by the combination of the inner cone body to elastically push and position the waist drum spring, rightwardly realized by the elastic push contact positioning of the sliding sleeve and the check ring, the sliding sleeve of the outer cone body is leftward of the check ring, the sliding sleeve of the driving frame is rightward of the check ring, the axial sliding stroke of the driving frame is controlled by the two guide rods, the center point of the axial sliding stroke of the outer cone body and the center point of the axial sliding stroke of the driving frame are close to vertical with the plane formed by the center line of each group of waist drum springs and the axis center line of the driving shaft, the stroke of the outer cone body is smaller than that of the driving frame.

[0013] The reverse linkage clutch is a overrunning clutch matched with the reverse gear engagement claw disc and the second gear driving gear, the driven shaft is sequentially provided with a bearing seat, an outer convex spline part, an outer convex spline shaft, a reverse gear engagement claw disc, a small tower spring, a convex spring seat ring, a wear-resistant sliding sleeve, a first driven gear, an inner ring, an outer ring seat body, a spline fixed outer ring seat body, a pinion, a second driven gear, a bearing seat from left to right, the reverse gear engagement claw disc is provided with a steel fork at the left end face in clearance fit, the bottom of the steel fork is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft, the reverse gear engagement claw disc is further matched with the second gear driving gear through the inner conical surface body of the overrunning clutch to realize reverse driving, in the vehicle reverse state, the first driven gear is combined with the reverse gear engagement claw disc to realize reverse driving connection, and the second gear driving gear is separated through the overrunning clutch in the second gear separation state, in the vehicle forward state, the first driven gear is separated from the reverse gear engagement claw disc to realize the driving connection of the first gear through the roller slope clutch, and the second driven gear is separated from the second gear driving gear to realize the driving separation of the second gear through the conical friction clutch, the combination of the conical friction clutch realizes the driving connection of the second gear, and the first gear realizes the separation state of overrunning through the roller slope clutch.

[0014] In order to facilitate operation, a reverse switch and an electromagnet coil can be connected in series, and the electromagnet is used to control the reverse clutch. The electromagnet control reverse clutch is a known technology, and the Chinese invention patent application (application number: 202110226585.9) entitled "Automatic transmission technology of inclined surface sliding block reverse mechanism" has specific technical description of electromagnet control reverse.

[0015] The second gear transmission system is sequentially provided with a bearing, a first driving gear, a washer, a compression spring, a driving shaft, a spiral tooth sliding sleeve, a power driven gear, a washer, an outer snap spring, a wear-resistant ring, a second driving gear, a wear-resistant ring, an outer snap spring, a conical friction clutch, a retaining ring, a single shaft linkage outer reversing device and a bearing from left to right on the driving shaft, the two ends of the power driven gear are respectively in contact with the two washers in sliding fit, the spiral tooth sliding sleeve realizes reciprocating motion through the rotation of the power driven gear and the action of the compression spring, and the reciprocating motion of the driving frame of the single shaft linkage outer reversing device is controlled through the guide rod, the reciprocating motion of the driving frame pushes and presses the outer conical surface body through the waist drum spring to realize the combination or separation with the inner conical surface body, the first driving gear and the second driving gear are respectively engaged with the first driven gear and the second driven gear, the power driven gear is engaged with the shaft gear or the gear of the motor rotating shaft to input power, and the small gear of the driven shaft is engaged with the differential gear to output power and drive the vehicle to run.

[0016] The conical friction clutch and the multi-plate friction clutch can be successfully applied in the trial running experiment of the prototype development. The two kinds of automatic transmission technologies disclosed in Chinese invention patent applications (application numbers: 202210089768.5 and 202210518211.9) have specific descriptions. The taper of the conical friction clutch is selected from three degrees to five degrees, and the material is a combination of hard and soft.

[0017] The automatic transmission can also use a fly hammer crank device. The circular disc seat right end is arranged with lugs through a pin shaft and assembled with a crank. The crank right end is fixed with an arc fly hammer. The fly hammer crank cooperates with the compression spring to push the sliding sleeve. The through hole of the sliding sleeve is assembled with the crank at the left end of the guide rod. The guide rod passes through the circular disc seat and is assembled with the through hole of the main frame sleeve of the single shaft linkage outer reversing device through the crank at the left end. The stroke of the main frame is controlled by the guide rod. The main frame and the driven frame are elastically connected through the waist drum spring. The driven frame is the small support of the multi-plate friction clutch. The stroke of the small support is positioned by the contact between the left end outer circular part of the circular disc seat and the large support, or the contact between the left end outer circular part of the circular disc seat and the rubber ring assembled thereon. The left end surface of the sliding sleeve contacts with the arc surface claw left to the crank. The right end surface of the sliding sleeve contacts with the left end of the compression spring. The compression spring is sleeved on the right side of the main shaft. The right end of the compression spring contacts with the check ring. The right end of the check ring contacts with the outer clasp spring. The lugs can be arranged in three groups in the circumferential direction, and three cranks are assembled accordingly.

[0018] The single shaft linkage outer reversing device is elastically connected by the main frame and the small support assembled with the main shaft through the waist drum spring. The shuttle spring seat of the main frame and the spring seat assembled with the small support are distributed in the circumferential direction and are symmetrically distributed through four waist drum springs. The reciprocating stroke of the main frame is controlled by the guide rod. The stroke of the small support is positioned to the left by the large support, the friction plate, the steel friction plate, the compressed waist drum spring, and the main frame. To the right is the left end surface of the outer circular part of the circular disc seat or the rubber ring assembled on the left end surface, the compressed waist drum spring, and the main frame. The main shaft can be formed by the outer spline and the long groove shaft front end inner spline sleeve assembly connection of the two shaft center lines on a straight line. The bearing seat is arranged between the bearing rotating cooperation of the cylindrical sleeve of the right end of the two gears and the machine shell. The left end of the sleeve seat of the left end of the large support contacts with the inner ring of the bearing or the step of the cylindrical sleeve. The gear shaft rear end passes through the cylindrical sleeve of the right end of the two gears and extends the outer spline part. The step left to the outer spline right side is in contact with the right end surface of the inner spline sleeve of the long groove shaft front end.

[0019] The single-shaft linkage outer reverse device is consistent with the principle of the known integral linkage outer reverse device, and the single-shaft linkage outer reverse device saves the control frame, is simple to manufacture, low in cost, convenient to assemble the waist drum spring, and achieves the same effect through the assembly of parts and the control of stroke. The reverse action device is a known technology, and the performance effect is completely feasible in the test run experiment. The automatic transmission disclosed in Chinese Invention Patent Application (Application No. 201210125541.8) has a specific description of the reverse action device. The integral linkage inner reverse device is also a known technology, and the automatic transmission disclosed in Chinese Invention Patent Application (Application No. 201510291975.9) has a specific description of the integral linkage inner reverse device. The integral linkage outer reverse device can be known after knowing the integral linkage inner reverse device, and only the stroke of the driven frame of the integral linkage inner reverse device is increased to become the driving frame of the integral linkage outer reverse device, and the stroke of the driving frame is reduced to become the driven frame of the integral linkage outer reverse device. The small support and the outer conical surface body in the patent application are the driven frame in the single-shaft linkage outer reverse device.

[0020] The two-gear gear transmission system is provided with, from left to right on the driving shaft, an oil seal, a bearing, a first-gear driving gear which is a shaft gear, an outer convex shaft step, a wear-resistant ring, a two-gear driving gear which is assembled in rotation sliding fit, a wear-resistant ring, an outer snap spring, a small support which is assembled in spline axial sliding fit, a driving frame which is assembled in spline axial sliding fit, a guide rod, an outer snap spring, a spline fit fixed disc seat, a sliding sleeve, a compression spring, a gasket, an outer snap spring, a bearing, a plurality of friction clutches which are composed of friction plates and steel friction plates assembled by the two-gear driving gear and the small support, a single-shaft linkage outer reverse device which is composed of a waist drum spring and stroke control assembled by the small support and the driving frame, the driving frame and the sliding sleeve which are assembled in linkage by two guide rods, a disc seat assembled fly hammer crank which controls the back-and-forth movement of the sliding sleeve by the speed and controls the back-and-forth movement of the driving frame through the guide rod, the back-and-forth movement of the driving frame to the small support through the waist drum spring to realize the combination or separation of the plurality of friction clutches, the first-gear driving gear and the two-gear driving gear which are respectively engaged with the first-gear driven gear and the two-gear driven gear, the first-gear driven gear which is assembled with a roller ramp clutch, the first-gear driven gear which can also be assembled with a reverse clutch, the left end of the driving shaft which is provided with an outer spline and an inner spline of a motor rotating shaft to assemble a transmission connection, and a small gear fixed on the driven shaft which is engaged with a differential gear to output power to drive the vehicle to run.

[0021] The automatic transmission, operating device can also adopt a steel ball inclined plane device, comprising: a steel ball groove frame, a steel ball, an inclined plane claw frame, the steel ball groove frame is provided with a sleeve seat, the sleeve seat is provided with an inner convex sliding gear and a long groove of the driving shaft, the sleeve seat is provided with a through hole and a guide rod assembly, the outer circle of the sleeve seat is provided with a plurality of steel ball grooves, the outer circle of the right end of the steel ball groove frame is provided with a positioning claw, the positioning claw protrudes to the right end, a plurality of positioning claws and a plurality of positioning sliding blocks are in sliding cooperation, a plurality of positioning sliding blocks and a plurality of inclined plane claws are circumferentially distributed on the inner circle surface of the inclined plane claw frame, the arc surface of the steel ball groove is provided with an opening, and V-shaped openings are arranged between the circumferentially distributed steel ball grooves; the steel ball groove is assembled with the corresponding inclined plane claw, the steel ball in the steel ball groove is in contact with the inclined surface of the inclined plane claw, the notch of the steel ball groove is to the right, the inclined surface of the inclined plane claw is to the left, the right end of the inclined plane claw is provided with a convex claw, and the convex claw is assembled in the circumferentially arranged groove or through hole at the left end of the disc seat; the inclined plane claw frame and the disc seat can be integrally formed by casting. The right end of the large tower spring is in contact with the left end surface of the steel ball groove frame, the left end of the small circle of the large tower spring is in contact with the check ring, the left end of the check ring is in contact with the outer clamp spring, and the known technology Chinese invention patent application (application number: 201510291975.9) discloses an automatic transmission for the steel ball frame and the moving sleeve. The structure of the steel ball operating device is the same as that of the steel ball operating device described in the patent application, except that the connection of the operating reverse action device is changed, that is, the steel ball groove frame reciprocates axially relative to the inclined plane claw frame. The large tower spring can be fixed by two spring seat pieces to reduce the tilting effect of the large tower spring pressure. The steel ball groove frame is connected with the driving frame of the single shaft linkage outer reverse device through the guide rod, the driving frame is elastically connected with the small support of the multi-piece friction clutch through the waist drum spring, the small support is the driven frame of the single shaft linkage outer reverse device, the reciprocating stroke of the driving frame is controlled by the guide rod, and the stroke of the small support is positioned to the right end surface of the outer circle part of the disc seat or the assembled rubber ring buffer to the left, and to the right of the large support, the friction plate, the steel friction plate, the compressed waist drum spring and the driving frame.

[0022] The two-gear gear transmission system, the driving shaft is sequentially provided with a bearing, an outer clamp spring, a check ring, a large tower spring, a steel ball groove frame, a guide rod, a disc seat, an outer clamp spring, a driving frame, a small support, an outer clamp spring, a wear-resistant ring, a two-gear driving gear in rotating and sliding cooperation, a wear-resistant ring, an outer convex shaft step, a one-gear driving gear which is a shaft gear, a bearing and an oil seal from left to right, the steel ball groove frame is assembled with a steel ball and an inclined plane claw frame, the driven shaft is sequentially provided with a bearing, a two-gear driven gear assembled and fixed by spline, a pinion which is a shaft gear, a one-gear driven gear assembled by a roller inclined plane clutch, a wear-resistant ring, an outer clamp spring, a bearing, an oil seal and a sprocket assembled and fixed by spline from left to right, the right end of the driving shaft is provided with an outer spline and a spline sleeve connected with the shaft of the motor, the shaft gear of the driven shaft is meshed with the differential gear to output power or is assembled with a sprocket to drive the rear hub through a chain, and can be assembled in an automatic motorcycle.

[0023] The automatic transmission, the fly hammer crank device can also control the single shaft linkage inner reverse device driving frame, the single shaft linkage inner reverse device driven frame realizes the gear change through the guide rod control two-way clutch. The single shaft linkage inner reverse device is assembled by the driving frame and the driven frame which are slidably fitted on the driving shaft and connected by the waist drum spring. The shuttle spring seat of the driven frame and the spring seat of the round basin shaped driving frame are arranged in the circumferential direction and symmetrically distributed. The waist drum spring is assembled and connected. The end of the shuttle spring seat of the driven frame and the spring seat of the driving frame are combined with four waist drum springs in each group. The driving frame is axially slidably fitted on the driving shaft. The stroke is controlled by the connecting rod of the fly hammer crank device. The stroke of the driven frame is positioned to the left of the first inner conical body, the waist drum shaped combination sleeve and the guide rod. The right is the second inner conical body, the waist drum shaped combination sleeve and the guide rod. The right side of the driving shaft is provided with four long grooves. The inner convex sliding teeth of the slide sleeve at the center of the base of the left end of the driving frame are slidably fitted with the long grooves. The slide sleeve of the driven frame is also provided with two through holes for assembling the crank of the right end of the two guide rods. The guide rods are slidably fitted in the long grooves. The guide rods pass through the slide sleeve of the driving frame and the second driving gear. The crank at the left end of the guide rod is assembled with the two through holes of the waist drum shaped combination sleeve of the two-way clutch. The driven frame is clearance fitted in the inner circular cavity on the right side of the driving frame. The structure of the driven frame is the same as that of the shuttle driving frame of the single shaft linkage inner reverse device. The slide sleeve of the driven frame is provided with inner convex sliding teeth which are slidably fitted with the long grooves of the driving shaft. The inner circular middle part of the driving frame is circumferentially arranged with two inner convex blocks which are assembled with the double spring seats in the form of sleeve holes. The inner convex blocks are waist drum shaped and are assembled and fixed with the through holes in the middle of the double spring seats. Or two long convex blocks are arranged at the same position to assemble the double spring seats in the form of H. Each two long convex blocks are assembled and fixed with one double spring seat in the form of H. The slide sleeve of the driving frame is assembled on the right side of the slide sleeve of the driven frame. The center point of the axial sliding stroke of the round basin shaped driving frame and the center point of the axial sliding stroke of the shuttle driven frame are perpendicular to the center line of the driving shaft. The stroke of the round basin shaped driving frame is larger than that of the shuttle driven frame.

[0024] The right end of the disc seat is circumferentially arranged with lugs which are assembled with the crank through the pin shaft. The right end of the crank is fixed with the arc shaped fly hammer. The arc surface claw of the inner circular part of the crank is slidably fitted with the outer convex ring of the slide sleeve. The right end of the slide sleeve is assembled in the inner circular part of the left end of the compression spring. The right end of the compression spring is in contact with the washer. The right end of the washer is in contact with the outer snap spring. The left end of the disc seat is in contact with the outer snap spring. The outer circular part of the crank is provided with lugs which are assembled with the right end of the connecting rod through the pin shaft. The left end of the connecting rod is connected with the lugs provided on the right end of the inner convex ring of the right end of the round basin shaped driving frame through the pin shaft.

[0025] The bidirectional clutch comprises a first inner conical surface body, a waist drum-shaped combination sleeve, a second inner conical surface body, and an outer conical surface on the left side of the waist drum-shaped combination sleeve is matched with the inner conical surface of the first inner conical surface body, and the outer conical surface on the right side of the waist drum-shaped combination sleeve is matched with the inner conical surface of the second inner conical surface body. The first inner conical surface body and the second inner conical surface body are similar to the mouths of two cups, and the waist drum-shaped combination sleeve is arranged inside. The inner conical surface and the outer conical surface are circumferentially arranged with two or three convex strip recesses, the taper of the inner conical surface and the outer conical surface is 10-20 degrees, the convex strip protrudes 1-2 mm, the material hardness of the inner conical surface and the outer conical surface is hard-soft matching, the inner circle of the waist drum-shaped combination sleeve is the inner convex tooth sliding sleeve, the inner convex tooth sliding sleeve is provided with two through holes matched with the curved handle of the guide rod, the first driving gear is slidingly matched and arranged on the left side of the outer convex spline of the driving shaft, the toothed claw on the right end of the first driving gear is matched and arranged with the inner convex claw on the left end of the first inner conical surface body, the second driving gear is slidingly matched and arranged on the right side of the outer convex spline of the driving shaft, the outer spline seat on the left end of the second driving gear is matched and arranged with the inner spline sleeve on the right end of the second inner conical surface body, the first driving gear is meshed with the first driven gear fixed on the driven shaft, the second driving gear is meshed with the second driven gear fixed on the driven shaft, the first driven gear and the second driven gear need to be matched with the rubber buffer device, and the shaft gear of the driven shaft is meshed with the differential gear to output power to drive the vehicle to run.

[0026] The automatic transmission, the driving frame of the single-shaft linkage inner reversing device can also be controlled by the push-pull rod of the shift fork or the bidirectional electromagnet, and the driven frame of the single-shaft linkage inner reversing device is controlled by the guide rod to control the bidirectional clutch to realize gear shifting and speed changing. The single-shaft linkage inner reversing device is elastically connected by the driving frame and the driven frame slidingly matched and arranged on the driving shaft through the waist drum spring. The shuttle spring seat of the driven frame and the spring seat of the driving frame shaped like a circular basin are circumferentially arranged and symmetrically distributed and are connected by the waist drum spring. The axial sliding stroke of the driving frame is controlled by the outer clamp spring and the check ring. The stroke of the driven frame to the left is the guide rod, the teacup-shaped combination sleeve, and the first outer conical surface body, and to the right is the guide rod, the teacup-shaped combination sleeve, and the second inner conical surface body. The first outer conical surface body, the teacup-shaped combination sleeve, and the second inner conical surface body are arranged on the driving shaft and are similar to being superimposed. The teacup-shaped combination sleeve is similar to a cup. The inner conical surface of the teacup-shaped combination sleeve is circumferentially arranged with three inner convex strips matched with the three outer recesses of the outer conical surface of the first outer conical surface body. The outer conical surface of the teacup-shaped combination sleeve is circumferentially arranged with three outer convex strips matched with the three inner recesses of the inner conical surface of the second inner conical surface body. Two outer convex edges of each outer convex strip are arc-shaped and close to 45 degrees. The teacup-shaped combination sleeve does not contact the first outer conical surface body and the second inner conical surface body at the middle point of the reciprocating axial sliding.

[0027] The active frame is similar to a round basin shape, the basin opening is to the left, a slide sleeve protruding to the right is arranged at the center of the right end base, the inner protruding slide teeth of the slide sleeve are in sliding fit with the long groove, an outer circlip is arranged on the left of the slide sleeve on the main shaft, and a stroke stop ring is arranged on the right of the outer circlip, an outer concave ring groove is arranged on the outer circle of the slide sleeve, a shift fork is arranged in the outer concave ring groove, the shift fork is fixed on a push-pull rod, and gear shifting can be realized by operating the push-pull rod. The slide sleeve is further provided with two through holes at the outer concave ring groove portion, a pin shaft is arranged in the two through holes, an outer circlip is arranged on the outer concave ring groove, and the pin shaft is fixed. A long hole is arranged on the main shaft in correspondence, a circular deep hole is arranged at the center of the right end of the main shaft, the circular deep hole is communicated with the long hole, a slide column is arranged in sliding fit in the circular deep hole, a pin shaft through hole is arranged at the left end of the slide column, a pin shaft is arranged in the pin shaft through hole, the pin shaft can slide axially and reciprocally in the long hole, an iron core is positioned and arranged on the right end of the slide column through a step and an outer circlip groove, an outer circlip is arranged in the outer circlip groove to lock the iron core, the iron core is arranged in gap fit in a first gear coil and a second gear coil of a bidirectional electromagnet, the first gear coil is connected in series with a normally open movable contact of a first gear micro switch, and a normally closed movable contact of the first gear micro switch is connected in series with a contactor coil of a motor power supply or is connected in parallel with a brake switch; the second gear coil of the bidirectional electromagnet is connected in series with a normally open movable contact of a second gear micro switch, and a normally closed movable contact of the second gear micro switch is connected in series with the contactor coil of the motor power supply or is connected in parallel with the brake switch; the first gear coil and the second gear coil of the bidirectional electromagnet are arranged and fixed in a cylindrical seat of a circular cover shell, and the first gear coil and the second gear coil are electrically connected with a power delay relay.

[0028] The bidirectional electromagnet is a known technology, and the structure of the bidirectional electromagnet is specifically described in the automatic transmission disclosed in Chinese invention patent application (application number: 202010834411.6). The transmission switching system is a controller, an electromagnet, a forward action device, and a combination sleeve clutch cooperating to realize gear shifting. In the present patent application, the forward action device is changed to a single-shaft linkage inner reverse device, the bidirectional electromagnet operates the bidirectional clutch through the single-shaft linkage inner reverse device, the bidirectional clutch shifts gears to form a transmission path of the first gear or the second gear through gear transmission, so as to achieve the effect of automatic gear shifting and speed changing. The transmission buffer device in the transmission path can protect the parts and make the gear shifting comfortable. The transmission buffer device is a buffer for the second driven gear and the first driven gear or a buffer for the differential gear.

[0029] The helical tooth spring device operates a plurality of friction clutches and a roller ramp clutch through a single-shaft linkage outer reverse device to realize gear shifting and speed changing. The reverse linkage clutch is a reverse gear tooth clamping claw disc and a second driving gear cooperating through a large support of a overrunning clutch to realize reverse driving.

[0030] The bidirectional electromagnet, in its single-axis linkage external reversing device, has two through holes in the outer concave annular groove for mounting a pin. An outer retaining spring is mounted on the outer concave annular groove to fix the pin. The drive shaft has a corresponding elongated through hole, and a deep circular hole at the center of the right end of the drive shaft, which communicates with the elongated through hole. A sliding column is mounted in the deep circular hole. The left end of the sliding column has a pin through hole for mounting the pin. The pin is mounted in the elongated through hole and can slide axially back and forth. The right end of the sliding column is positioned and mounted with an iron core via a step and an outer retaining spring groove. An outer retaining spring is installed in the outer retaining spring groove to lock the iron core. The iron core is fitted with a clearance fit in the first and second coils of the bidirectional electromagnet. The stroke of the drive frame is controlled by the pin. The drive frame and the driven frame are elastically connected by a waist drum spring. The driven frame is the small support of the multi-plate friction clutch. The small support slide is on the left side of the retaining ring, and the drive frame slide is on the right side of the retaining ring. The stroke positioning of the small support is to the left: the large support, friction plates, steel friction plates, compressed waist drum spring, and drive frame; to the right: the retaining ring. The small bracket can be formed by stamping a circular sheet of material, and the compression spring seat can be assembled into the inner groove of the inner cavity of the small bracket and fixed by welding. Alternatively, the compression spring seat can be pressed down by a metal pressure plate, and then the metal pressure plate can be welded to the small bracket.

[0031] The single-axis linkage external reversing device has an active frame and a driven frame elastically connected and slidably mounted on the active shaft via a waist drum spring. The active shaft can be provided with multiple steps according to assembly needs, and the long groove of the active shaft is set according to assembly needs. The sliding sleeves of the active frame and the driven frame are slidably engaged with the active shaft via splines. The first-gear driven gear is equipped with a roller ramp clutch and a reverse gear jaw disc. The reverse gear jaw disc can cooperate with the inclined plane slider reverse gear mechanism. The inclined plane slider reverse gear mechanism can be operated by connecting a reverse toggle switch in series with an electromagnet coil, and operating the reverse gear jaw disc through the electromagnet; or the inclined plane slider reverse gear mechanism can be operated by a hydraulic or pneumatic device.

[0032] The four-speed gear transmission system can connect an automatic transmission operated by a helical spring device with an automatic transmission operated by a fly hammer crank device or an automatic transmission operated by a steel ball inclined plane device, thus achieving four-speed automatic gear shifting. The oil well enclosure can also utilize a one-piece housing further fitted with a cylindrical cover.

[0033] This patent application addresses a new problem discovered during testing and parts manufacturing, focusing on the active frame spring seat of the sliding shaft-type linkage external reversing device in an automatic transmission, as disclosed in Chinese invention patent application (application number: 202210518211.9). The manufacturing and assembly of the components of this sliding shaft-type linkage external reversing device is inconvenient for large-scale and modular production. This patent application reduces the number of components while achieving the same effect, enabling large-scale production and manufacturing, reducing costs, and improving manufacturing efficiency.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the automatic transmission has the advantages that:

[0035] 1. The automatic transmission adopts single-shaft linkage outer reverse device and single-shaft linkage inner reverse device, the control frame in the prior art is omitted, the space for assembling the waist drum spring is increased, the assembling is facilitated, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.

[0036] 2. The automatic transmission adopts multiple friction clutches and roller ramp clutches to cooperate gear shifting, the roller ramp clutches cooperate to automatically overtake and shift gears when the vehicle is running forward, the coherence and reliability of power transmission are ensured, the deceleration and reverse pulling phenomenon is solved, the vehicle can slide during driving, the operation is facilitated, and the power is saved.

[0037] 3. The automatic transmission adopts a reverse linkage clutch to control the vehicle to be in a reverse state or a forward state, in the forward state of the vehicle, the operating device controls the friction clutch and the roller ramp clutch to cooperate through the reverse action device to realize gear shifting and speed changing, the friction loss during operation is small, and the automatic transmission is suitable for high-efficiency transmission of electric vehicles. The reverse state is a one-gear reverse transmission, which is suitable for the actual situation of low-speed reverse driving of electric vehicles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a self-adaptive gear shifting multiple friction driver of an embodiment of the automatic transmission.

[0039] Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a power driven gear in Fig. 1.

[0040] Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a helical tooth sliding sleeve in Fig. 1.

[0041] Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a driving frame in Fig. 1.

[0042] Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a first structure of a small support in Fig. 1.

[0043] Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a second structure of the small support.

[0044] Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a double spring seat assembled by the second structure of the small support.

[0045] Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a reverse gear claw disc in Fig. 1.

[0046] Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a driven shaft in Fig. 1.

[0047] Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a two-gear tooth disc in Fig. 1.

[0048] Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a driving shaft in Fig. 1.

[0049] Fig. 12 is a schematic view of a rotating shaft steel sheet fork in Fig. 1.

[0050] Fig. 13 is a right view of a single-shaft linkage outer reverse device in Fig. 1.

[0051] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of an adaptive shift cone friction driver of an embodiment of the automatic transmission of the present application.

[0052] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of an outer cone body of Figure 14.

[0053] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a single set of shuttle spring seats.

[0054] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of a flywheel crank lever linkage outer reverse driver of an embodiment of the automatic transmission of the present application.

[0055] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of a steel ball ramp linkage outer reverse driver of an embodiment of the automatic transmission of the present application.

[0056] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of a steel ball slot carrier of Figure 18.

[0057] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of a ramp pawl carrier of Figure 18.

[0058] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of a flywheel crank lever linkage inner reverse driver of an embodiment of the automatic transmission of the present application.

[0059] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of an electrically controlled actuated linkage inner reverse driver of an embodiment of the automatic transmission of the present application.

[0060] In the figure: 1, motor shaft, 2, helical tooth spring device, 3, driving shaft, 4, compression spring, 5, outer ring seat, 6, rotating shaft, 7, reverse gear claw disc, 8, steel fork, 9, driven shaft, 10, casing, 11, push rod, 12, wear-resistant ring, 13, first gear driven gear, 14, roller ramp clutch, 15, outer snap spring, 16, differential large gear, 17, pinion, 18, second gear driven gear, 19, reverse linkage clutch, 20, second gear claw gear disc, 21, outer snap spring, 22, convex spring seat ring, 23, large support, 24, guide rod, 25, double spring seat, 26, multi-plate friction clutch, 27, retaining ring, 28, driving support, 29, single shaft linkage outer reverse device, 30, cylindrical cover, 31, waist drum spring, 32, steel friction plate, 33, outer snap spring, 34, friction plate, 35, second gear driving gear, 36, bearing, 37, outer snap spring, 38, wear-resistant ring, 39, power driven gear, 40, helical tooth sliding sleeve, 41, sliding sleeve seat, 42, inner helical groove, 43, inner convex sliding gear, 44, through hole, 45, outer convex helical tooth, 46, bulbar claw spring seat, 47, through hole, 48, inner convex sliding gear, 49, right shuttle spring seat, 50, left shuttle spring seat, 51, small support, 52, inner convex sliding gear, 53, outer convex retaining ring, 54, long inner convex block, 55, inner convex block, 56, base, 57, sliding sleeve, 58, double spring seat, 59, through hole, 60, bulbar claw spring seat, 61, notch, 62, long recess, 63, outer convex spline, 64, notch, 65, claw gear, 66, long recess, 67, first gear driving gear, 68, outer conical surface body, 69, outer ring, 70, conical friction clutch, 71, inner conical surface body, 72, overrunning clutch, 73, roller, 74, small tower spring, 75, base, 76, cast hole, 77, pin shaft, 78, disc seat, 79, sliding sleeve, 80, rubber ring, 81, oil seal, 82, fly hammer crank device, 83, sprocket, 84, steel ball groove frame, 85, disc seat, 86, steel ball inclined surface device, 87, steel ball, 88, large tower spring, 89, inclined surface claw frame, 90, steel ball groove, 91, inclined surface claw, 92, driven support, 93, first gear inner conical surface body, 94, lug, 95, single shaft linkage inner reverse device, 96, connecting rod, 97, driving support, 98, bidirectional clutch, 99, second gear inner conical surface body, 100, waist drum-shaped combination sleeve, 101, first gear outer conical surface body, 102, teacup-shaped combination sleeve, 103, sliding column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] Figure 1 is an embodiment of the automatic transmission of the present application, the adaptive shift multi-plate friction drive, which can be assembled in the rear axle of an electric tricycle. As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13, it comprises a housing to encapsulate the oil, a gear transmission system, a transmission switching system. The transmission switching system comprises a reverse linkage clutch 19, a helical tooth spring device 2, a reverse action device, a multi-plate friction clutch 26. In the forward driving state of the vehicle, the steering device controls the multi-plate friction clutch and the roller ramp clutch 14 to cooperate to realize gear shifting and speed change.The reversing action device uses a single-axis linkage external reversing device 29; the single-axis linkage external reversing device includes a drive shaft 3, a retaining ring 27, a waist drum spring 31, a drive frame 28, and a driven frame. The drive frame and the driven frame are elastically connected and slidably fitted onto the drive shaft 3 via the waist drum spring 31. The driven frame is a small support 51. Four long grooves 66 are arranged in a circular pattern on the outer circumference of the right side of the drive shaft. The sliding sleeve of the drive frame has an internally protruding sliding tooth 48 that is adapted to slide and engage with the long grooves. As shown in Figure 4, the drive frame is composed of a left spindle-shaped spring seat 50 and a right spindle-shaped spring seat 49. It can be precision cast or forged into a spindle shape with arrow-shaped barbs on both sides. The head claw spring seat 46 has two notches on its sliding sleeve. Two identical shuttle-shaped spring seats are welded together with their notches facing each other to form through holes 47. The two through holes 47 of the sliding sleeve of the drive frame are fitted with the right-hand cranks of the two guide rods 24. The guide rods are symmetrically fitted into the long grooves. The left-hand cranks of the guide rods are fitted into the two through holes 44 of the spiral tooth sliding sleeve 40. The inner circle of the spiral tooth sliding sleeve has two long and two short inner convex sliding teeth 43 that slide in the long grooves. The outer circle has six outer convex spiral teeth 45 that are adapted to the six inner rotating grooves 42 of the inner circle of the sliding sleeve seat 41 of the driven gear 39 for rotational sliding fit. The drive frame is fitted with a clearance fit. Inside the inner circular cavity on the right side of the small bracket, the sliding sleeve 57 at the center of the base 56 at the left end of the small bracket has an inner convex sliding tooth 52 that slides in cooperation with the long groove of the drive shaft. The axial sliding stroke of the small bracket 51 is to the left through the engagement of the multi-plate friction clutch 26 to achieve elastic positioning of the waist drum spring, and to the right through the elastic contact positioning between the sliding sleeve and the retaining ring 27. The sliding sleeve 57 of the small bracket is to the left of the retaining ring 27, and the sliding sleeve of the drive frame 28 is to the right of the retaining ring 27. The axial sliding stroke of the drive frame is controlled by two guide rods 24. The center point of the axial sliding stroke of the small bracket and the center point of the axial sliding stroke of the drive frame are the plane formed by the center lines of each set of waist drum springs. The face is perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft. As shown in Figure 13, the end of the drive frame 28 is a shuttle-shaped structure with two barbs resembling arrowheads at both ends, which are respectively bulging head spring seats. The inner circumference of the driven frame is arranged with two forked bulging head spring seats between the two ends of the shuttle shape. Each barb-shaped bulging head spring seat can form a straight connection with each forked bulging head spring seat, that is, it can be equipped with a waist drum spring 31. Each group of four waist drum springs is similar to a parallelogram. The single-axis linkage external reversing device is axially distributed with two groups of eight waist drum springs at the same interval of 20 mm. The stroke of the small bracket 51 is 5 mm, and the stroke of the drive frame 28 is 13 mm.

[0062] The reverse linkage clutch 19 is symmetrical outside the driven shaft 9, equipped with two parallel long grooves 62, two push rods 11, the driven shaft from left to right is bearing seat, outer convex spline part 63, outer convex spline shaft sliding fit assembly reverse gear claw disc 7, wear-resistant ring 12, wear-resistant sliding sleeve, wear-resistant sliding sleeve outer circle rotary sliding fit assembly first gear driven gear 13 and inner ring, roller ramp clutch 14, spline fit fixed outer ring seat body 5, outer clamp spring 15, spline fit fixed pinion 17, outer clamp spring, rotary sliding fit assembly second gear driven gear 18, outer clamp spring 21, second gear claw tooth disc 20, small tower spring, convex spring seat ring 22, bearing seat, the reverse gear claw disc 7 left end face clearance fit is provided with a steel sheet fork 8, the bottom of the steel sheet fork is assembled and fixed with the rotating shaft 6, the lower end of the rotating shaft is provided with an outer concave ring groove, which is assembled with the sliding sleeve through the shell and is positioned and rotary fit, the upper end of the rotating shaft passes through the shell 10 and is connected with the swing control pull rope to control, the assembly structure of the swing control pull rope is similar to that of the brake pull rope. The small crank of the left end of the two push rods 11 is respectively inserted into the two notches 61 at the right end of the reverse gear claw disc 7 sliding sleeve, the push rod 11 is axially sliding fit with the long groove 62 of the driven shaft 9, the small crank of the right end of the two push rods is respectively inserted into the two notches 64 at the left end of the second gear claw tooth disc 20 sliding sleeve, and the left end of the second gear claw tooth disc is also provided with three claw teeth 65 adapted to the three grooves at the right end of the second gear driven gear 18. In the vehicle reverse state, the first gear driven gear is combined with the reverse gear claw disc to realize reverse transmission connection, and the second gear driven gear is separated from the second gear claw tooth disc, in the vehicle forward state, the first gear driven gear is separated from the reverse gear claw disc to realize the transmission connection of the first gear by the roller ramp clutch, and the second gear driven gear is combined with the second gear claw tooth disc to realize the transmission separation of the second gear by the separation of the multi-plate friction clutch, the combination of the multi-plate friction clutch realizes the transmission connection of the second gear, and the first gear realizes the separation state of the overrunning by the roller ramp clutch 14.

[0063] The multi-plate friction clutch 26 is a large bracket 23 and a barrel-shaped small bracket 51 superimposed, including a small bracket, a steel friction plate 32, a large bracket, a friction plate 34, the small bracket is composed of a sliding sleeve 57, a base 56, an outer convex stop ring 53, a cylindrical seat, an inner convex block, the right end of the cylindrical seat is provided with an outer convex stop ring, the outer circle of the cylindrical seat is provided with an outer spline sliding fit assembly steel friction plate, the inner circle of the cylindrical seat is provided with an inner convex block assembly double spring seat, the left end of the cylindrical seat is provided with a base, the center part of the base is a sliding sleeve protruding to the left end, the sliding sleeve is provided with an inner convex sliding gear 52 sliding fit assembly on the driving shaft 3, the inner circle of the large bracket is provided with a spline groove assembly friction plate, the sleeve seat at the left end of the large bracket is assembled and fixed with the cylindrical sleeve at the right end of the second gear driving gear 35, the steel friction plate is alternately superimposed with the friction plate. In order to facilitate the casting of parts and assembly, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, two inner convex blocks 55 are arranged in the circumferential direction in the middle part of the inner circle of the cylindrical seat of the small bracket, and the inner convex blocks 55 are adapted and fixed with the waist drum-shaped hole 59 in the middle of the double spring seat 58. The left and right ends of the double spring seat 58 are each bent by 90 degrees to form four bulging head claw spring seats 60 for facilitating the assembly of the waist drum spring. The base 56 of the small bracket is provided with a casting hole at the corresponding position of the inner convex block and is provided with air holes in the circumferential direction. As shown in Figure 5, the small bracket can also be made into two long strip inner convex blocks 54 to assemble a double spring seat 25 in the shape of a H-shaped section, and each two long strip inner convex blocks are assembled and fixed with a double spring seat in the shape of a H-shaped section. The method of press riveting can also be used.

[0064] The driving shaft of the two-gear gear transmission system is sequentially assembled from left to right with a bearing, a first driving gear which is a shaft gear 67, a washer, a compression spring 4, a driving shaft 3 which is axially slidingly fitted with a helical tooth sliding sleeve 40 through a long recess, a helical tooth sliding sleeve which is rotatably slidingly fitted with a power driven gear 39 through helical teeth, a washer 38, an outer snap spring 37, a wear-resistant ring, a second driving gear 35, a wear-resistant ring, an outer snap spring 33, a multi-plate friction clutch 26, a stop ring 27, a single-shaft linkage outer reverse device in the reverse action device 29, a bearing, the two ends of the power driven gear 39 are respectively in contact with two washers for sliding fit, the helical tooth sliding sleeve realizes reciprocating movement through the rotation of the power driven gear and the action of the compression spring to control the driving frame 28 of the single-shaft linkage outer reverse device through the guide rod 24, the reciprocating movement of the driving frame pushes the driven frame through the waist drum spring to realize the combination or separation of the multi-plate friction clutch, the first driving gear 67 and the second driving gear 35 are respectively engaged with the first driven gear 13 and the second driven gear 18, the power driven gear 39 is engaged with the gear of the motor shaft 1 to input power, the bearing seat at the right end of the motor shaft gear is inserted into the bearing 36, the right end of the driving shaft is assembled on the bearing seat at the center of the bottom of the cylindrical cover 30 through the bearing, the cylindrical cover is fixed with the machine shell through bolts, the small gear 17 fixed with the driven shaft 9 is engaged with the differential gear large gear 16 to output power to drive the vehicle to run.

[0065] Figure 14 is an adaptive shift cone friction drive of an embodiment of the automatic transmission of the present invention. It can be applied to the rear axle drive of a light electric tricycle for human passengers. As shown in Figure 14 and Figure 15, in the forward driving state of the vehicle, the helical tooth spring device 2 operates the cone friction clutch 70 and the roller ramp clutch 14 in cooperation through the single shaft linkage outer reverse device 29 to realize gear shifting. The cone friction clutch 70 is a superposition of a circular basin shaped inner cone body 71 and a circular basin shaped outer cone body 68, the hardness of the inner cone body is less than that of the outer cone body; the driving frame 28 and the driven frame of the single shaft linkage outer reverse device are elastically connected and slidingly fitted on the driving shaft 3, the driven frame of the single shaft linkage outer reverse device is the outer cone body 68 of the cone friction clutch 70, four long grooves are provided on the right side of the driving shaft 3, the inner convex sliding teeth of the sliding sleeve of the driving frame are slidingly fitted with the long grooves, the sliding sleeve of the driving frame is also provided with two through holes fitting the curved handles of the right ends of the guide rods 24, the guide rods are slidingly fitted in the long grooves symmetrically, the curved handles of the left ends of the guide rods are fitted with the two through holes of the helical tooth sliding sleeve 40, the driving frame is clearance fitted in the inner circular cavity on the right side of the outer cone body 68, the small circular end of the outer cone body is provided with a base 75, the large circular end of the outer cone body is a circular port, the sliding sleeve of the base center on the left end of the outer cone body is provided with inner convex sliding teeth 52 slidingly fitted with the long grooves of the driving shaft, two groups of long strip inner protrusions are arranged on the circumference of the middle part of the inner circle of the outer cone body, one group of two long strip inner protrusions is fitted with a double group spring base 25 in the shape of a capital letter I, the base is provided with a cast hole 76 at the corresponding position of the long strip inner protrusion, the axial sliding stroke of the outer cone body is realized by the elastic pushing positioning of the waist drum spring through the combination of the inner cone body to the left and the elastic pushing contact positioning of the sliding sleeve of the base center with the stop washer 27 to the right, the sliding sleeve of the outer cone body 68 is on the left side of the stop washer 27, the sliding sleeve of the driving frame 28 is on the right side of the stop washer 27, the axial sliding stroke of the driving frame is controlled by the two guide rods 24, the center point of the axial sliding stroke of the outer cone body and the center point of the axial sliding stroke of the driving frame are close to perpendicular to the axial center line of the driving shaft, the stroke of the outer cone body is five millimeters, the stroke of the driving frame is twelve millimeters, the driving frame is the same as the driving frame in the shape of a double group shuttle spring base shown in Figure 4.

[0066] The reverse linkage clutch is the assembly of the reverse dog clutch disc 7 and the second gear driving gear 35 with the overrunning clutch 72. The driven shaft 9 is sequentially assembled from left to right with the bearing seat, the outer convex spline part, the outer convex spline shaft, the reverse dog clutch disc 7, the small tower spring 74, the convex spring seat ring 22, the wear-resistant sliding sleeve, the wear-resistant sliding sleeve outer circle, the first gear driven gear, the inner ring, the outer ring seat body 5, the spline fixed outer ring seat body, the clasp, the spline fixed pinion, the spline fixed second gear driven gear 18, the bearing seat assembled with the bearing 36, the steel sheet fork 8 is clearance fitted on the left end face of the reverse dog clutch disc 7, the bottom of the steel sheet fork is assembled and fixed with the rotating shaft 6, the reverse dog clutch disc 7 is also assembled with the inner conical surface body 71 of the overrunning clutch 72 to realize the reverse driving of the vehicle. In the vehicle reverse state, the first gear driven gear and the reverse dog clutch disc realize the reverse driving, while the second gear driving gear realizes the second gear separation state through the overrunning clutch 72. In the vehicle forward state, the first gear driven gear and the reverse dog clutch disc are separated to realize the first gear driving by the roller slope clutch, while the second gear driven gear and the second gear driving gear are separated to realize the second gear driving by the conical friction clutch. The combination of the conical friction clutch realizes the second gear driving, while the first gear is separated by the roller slope clutch to realize the overrunning state. The overrunning clutch 72 is the inner ring with a step, a retainer and a wear-resistant ring, an outer clasp for axial positioning, an outer ring 69 assembled with a roller 73 and a thrust retainer on the right side of the second gear driving gear 35. The outer ring is located at the left end of the inner conical surface body 71.

[0067] The second gear transmission system is sequentially assembled with bearing, first gear driving gear, wear-resistant ring, compression spring 4 on the main shaft 3 from left to right, the main shaft is axially slidably assembled with helical tooth sliding sleeve 40 through long groove, the outer circle of the helical tooth sliding sleeve is rotatably assembled with power driven gear 39 through helical tooth, the power driven gear is in contact and sliding fit with wear-resistant ring and retainer at both ends, the helical tooth sliding sleeve realizes reciprocating motion through the rotation of the power driven gear and the action of the compression spring, the single shaft linkage outer reversing device is operated through the two guide rods 24 and the main driving frame 28 of the single shaft linkage outer reversing device, the reciprocating motion of the main driving frame realizes the combination or separation with the inner conical body through the waist drum spring 31 reciprocating push pressure on the outer conical body 68, the first gear driving gear and the second gear driving gear 35 are respectively engaged with the first driven gear 13 and the second driven gear 18 assembled on the driven shaft, the taper of the conical friction clutch 70 is selected as three degrees, and the material of the inner conical body is harder than that of the outer conical body. The conical friction clutch is assembled and packaged with the machine shell 10 through the cylindrical cover 30 to run with machine oil, the power driven gear is engaged with the gear of the motor rotating shaft to input power, and the small gear fixed on the driven shaft is engaged with the differential gear to output power to drive the vehicle to run.

[0068] Fig. 17 is an embodiment of the fly hammer crank linkage outer reversing driver of the automatic transmission of the application. As shown in Fig. 16 and Fig. 17, the operating device can also adopt a fly hammer crank device 82, the right end of the disc seat 78 is arranged with lugs in the circumferential direction, which is assembled with a crank through a pin shaft 77, and the right end of the crank is fixed with an arc-shaped fly hammer. The fly hammer crank cooperates with the compression spring 4 to push the sliding sleeve 79, the through hole of the sliding sleeve is assembled with the crank at the left end of the guide rod 24, the guide rod passes through the disc seat and is assembled with the through hole of the sleeve seat of the main driving frame 28 of the single shaft linkage outer reversing device 29 through the crank at the left end, the stroke of the main driving frame is controlled by the guide rod 24, and the main driving frame and the driven frame are elastically connected through a single waist drum spring, the driven frame is the small support 51 of the multi-piece friction clutch 26, the stroke of the small support is controlled by the rubber ring 80 assembled at the left end of the disc seat 78, the left end surface of the sliding sleeve 79 is in contact with the arc surface claw on the left side of the crank, the right end surface of the sliding sleeve 79 is in contact with the left end of the compression spring 4, the compression spring is sleeved on the right side of the main shaft 3, the right end of the compression spring is in contact with the retainer, and the right end of the retainer is in contact with the outer snap spring 21. The lugs arranged in the circumferential direction are divided into two groups, and two cranks are assembled correspondingly.

[0069] Single shaft linkage outer reverse device 29 is assembled by sliding fit of driving shaft 3, driving frame 28 and small support 51 through elastic connection of waist drum spring, single set of shuttle spring seat of driving frame and single set of spring seat of small support 51 are arranged circumferentially and distributed symmetrically through four waist drum springs, reciprocating stroke of driving frame is controlled by guide rod 24, stroke positioning of small support is to the left of large support, friction plate 34, steel friction plate 32, compressed waist drum spring, driving frame, and to the right of rubber ring 80 assembled at left end of outer circular part of disc seat 78. Single set of shuttle spring seat is shown in Fig. 16, left end of driving frame 28 is left shuttle spring seat 50, middle part is sliding sleeve provided with two inner convex sliding teeth 48 and two through holes 47, single shaft linkage outer reverse device is packaged with machine oil through machine shell 10 for normal operation.

[0070] Two-gear gear transmission system, driving shaft 3 is sequentially assembled from left to right with oil seal 81, bearing, first gear driving gear which is shaft gear, outer convex shaft step, wear-resistant ring, two-gear driving gear 35 assembled through rotary sliding fit, wear-resistant ring, snap spring 33, small support 51 assembled through key shaft sliding fit, driving frame 28 assembled through key shaft sliding fit, guide rod 24, snap spring 37, disc seat 78 fixed through key fit, sliding sleeve 79, compression spring 4, washer, snap spring 21, bearing, multi-plate friction clutch 26 is composed of large support 23 assembled by two-gear driving gear 35 and small support 51 assembled with friction plate 34 and steel friction plate 32, single shaft linkage outer reverse device 29 is composed of small support 51 and driving frame 28 assembled with waist drum spring and stroke control, driving frame 28 and sliding sleeve 79 are assembled with linkage through two guide rods 24, disc seat 78 is assembled with hammer crank device 82 to operate sliding sleeve 79 and compression spring 4 to control reciprocating movement of sliding sleeve through rotation speed, sliding sleeve operates driving frame through guide rod, reciprocating movement of driving frame realizes combination or separation of multi-plate friction clutch 26 through reciprocating push of small support through waist drum spring, first gear driving gear and two-gear driving gear 35 are respectively engaged with first gear driven gear 13 and two-gear driven gear 18, first gear driven gear 13 is assembled with roller ramp clutch, first gear driven gear is also assembled with reverse clutch, driven shaft 9 is sequentially from left to right bearing seat, steel fork, outer convex key part, reverse tooth clamping claw disc 7 assembled through outer convex key shaft sliding fit, small tower spring 74, convex spring seat ring 22, wear-resistant sliding sleeve, wear-resistant sliding sleeve outer circle rotary sliding fit assembled with first gear driven gear and inner ring, inner ring fixed with first gear driven gear 13 is assembled with outer ring seat body through roller and thrust retainer, outer ring seat body is fixed through key fit, snap spring, small gear 17 is fixed through key fit, two-gear driven gear 18 is fixed through key fit, bearing seat, reverse tooth clamping claw disc 7 is provided with steel fork through left end face gap fit, bottom of steel fork is assembled and fixed with rotating shaft 6, outer key of left end of driving shaft is assembled and connected with inner key of motor rotating shaft, small gear 17 fixed with driven shaft is engaged with differential gear big gear to output driving power to drive vehicle running.

[0071] Figure 18 is the embodiment of the automatic transmission of the invention steel ball ramp linkage outer reverse drive. Can be assembled in the middle of the chain drive two-wheeled electric motorcycle. As shown in Figure 18, Figure 19 and Figure 20, the steering device can also be a steel ball ramp device 86, including: steel ball groove frame 84, steel ball 87, ramp claw frame 89, steel ball groove frame with a sleeve seat, the sleeve seat is provided with an inner convex slide gear and the left side of the long recess slide of the driving shaft 3, the right end of the sleeve seat is provided with a through hole 44 and the guide rod 24 assembly, the outer circle of the sleeve seat is provided with six steel ball grooves 90, the outer circle of the steel ball groove frame is provided with a positioning claw, the positioning claw protrudes to the right end, the twelve positioning claws are in sliding cooperation with the positioning slide block, and the positioning slide block and the six ramp claws 91 are circumferentially distributed on the inner circular surface of the ramp claw frame 89, the circular surface of the steel ball groove is provided with an opening, and the V-shaped opening is circumferentially distributed between the steel ball grooves; the steel ball groove is assembled with the corresponding ramp claw, the steel ball 87 in the steel ball groove is in contact with the ramp of the ramp claw 91, the groove of the steel ball groove is to the right, the ramp of the ramp claw is to the left, the right end of the ramp claw is provided with a convex claw, and the convex claw is assembled in the through hole arranged circumferentially on the left end of the disc seat 85, and the ramp claw frame and the disc seat can also be integrally formed by casting. The right end of the large tower spring 88 is in contact with the left end surface of the steel ball groove frame 84, the left end of the small circle of the large tower spring is in contact with the check ring, the left end of the check ring is in contact with the outer snap spring 21, and the steel ball groove frame reciprocates axially relative to the ramp claw frame. The steel ball groove frame 84 is connected with the driving frame of the single-shaft linkage outer reverse device through two guide rods 24, the driving frame is elastically connected with the small support 51 of the multi-plate friction clutch 26 through the waist drum spring 31, the small support 51 is the driven frame of the single-shaft linkage outer reverse device, and the reciprocating stroke of the driving frame is controlled by the guide rod. The stroke of the small support 51 is to the right, and the outer right end surface of the disc seat 85 is in contact with the positioning, and to the left, the large support 23, the friction plate, the steel friction plate, the compressed waist drum spring 31, and the driving frame.

[0072] The two-gear gear transmission system is that the driving shaft is sequentially provided from left to right with a bearing, an outer snap spring 21, a check ring, a large tower spring 88, a steel ball groove frame 84, a guide rod 24, a disc seat 85, an outer snap spring 37, a driving frame, a small support 51, an outer snap spring 33, a wear-resistant ring, a two-gear driving gear 35 in rotary sliding cooperation, a wear-resistant ring, an outer convex shaft step, a one-gear driving gear which is a shaft gear, a bearing 36, and an oil seal 81. The driven shaft 9 is sequentially provided from left to right with a bearing, a two-gear driven gear fixed by spline assembly, a pinion gear which is a shaft gear, a one-gear driven gear assembled through a roller ramp clutch, a wear-resistant ring, an outer snap spring, a bearing, an oil seal, and a sprocket 83 fixed by spline assembly. The right end of the driving shaft 3 is provided with an outer spline which is in transmission connection with the spline sleeve of the motor shaft. The bearing is assembled in the casing and the cylindrical cover 30. The sprocket 83 assembled at the right end of the driven shaft 9 drives the rear hub through the chain, so as to force the two-wheeled electric motorcycle to run.

[0073] Figure 21 is the flywheel crank linkage reverse drive of the automatic transmission embodiment of the present application. The flywheel crank linkage 82 also operates the driving frame 97 of the single shaft linkage reverse drive 95, the driven frame of the single shaft linkage reverse drive 95 operates the two-way clutch 98 through the guide rod 24 to achieve gear shifting. The single shaft linkage reverse drive is assembled by the driving frame 97 and the driven frame of the driving shaft 3, the driven frame is the single set of shuttle spring seat 92, the structure of the single set of shuttle spring seat 92 is the same as the driving frame 28 shown in Figure 16. The single set of shuttle spring seat and the driving frame 97 of the round basin shape are assembled by the single set of spring seat arranged in the circumferential direction and the symmetrical distribution of the two, which are assembled and connected by the four waist drum springs 31. The axial sliding stroke of the driving frame is controlled by the connecting rod 96 assembled by the flywheel crank linkage, the stroke positioning of the single set of shuttle spring seat to the left is the first gear inner conical surface body 93, the waist drum shape combination sleeve 100, the guide rod 24, and to the right is the second gear inner conical surface body 99, the waist drum shape combination sleeve, and the guide rod. The right side of the driving shaft 3 is provided with four long grooves, the inner convex sliding teeth of the sliding sleeve at the left end of the base of the driving frame 97 are slidably connected with the long grooves, the sliding sleeve of the single set of shuttle spring seat is provided with two through holes to assemble the crank of the right end of the two guide rods, the guide rods are slidably and symmetrically assembled in the long grooves, the guide rods pass through the sliding sleeve of the driving frame 97, the second driving gear 35, the crank of the left end of the guide rod is assembled with the two through holes of the waist drum shape combination sleeve 100 of the two-way clutch 98, the single set of shuttle spring seat is clearance fitted in the inner circular cavity on the right side of the driving frame, the sliding sleeve of the single set of shuttle spring seat 92 is provided with inner convex sliding teeth to be slidably connected with the long grooves of the driving shaft, the inner circle of the driving frame is symmetrically provided with bifurcated single set of spring seats, the sliding sleeve of the driving frame is assembled on the left side of the sliding sleeve of the single set of shuttle spring seat, the center points of the axial sliding strokes of the round basin shape driving frame and the single set of shuttle spring seat are the plane formed by the center lines of the four waist drum springs, which is perpendicular to the center line of the driving shaft 3, the stroke of the round basin shape driving frame is fourteen millimeters, and the stroke of the single set of shuttle spring seat is eight millimeters.

[0074] The right end of the disc seat 78 of the flywheel crank linkage 82 is circumferentially provided with three sets of lugs to be assembled with three cranks through pins, the right end of each crank is fixed with an arc-shaped flywheel, the arc surface claw at the inner circular position of the crank is slidably connected with the left end surface of the outer convex ring of the sliding sleeve 79, the right end of the sliding sleeve is assembled in the inner circular position of the left end of the compression spring 4, the right end of the compression spring is in contact with the washer, the right end of the washer is in contact with the outer snap spring 21, the left end of the disc seat 78 of the center position is provided with a concave ring to be in contact with the outer snap spring 37, the outer circular position of the crank is provided with lugs to be assembled with the right end of the connecting rod 96 through the pin 77, and the left end of the connecting rod is connected with the lugs 94 provided on the right end surface of the inner convex ring of the round basin shape driving frame 97 through the pin.

[0075] The bidirectional clutch 98 comprises a first inner conical surface body 93, a waist drum-shaped coupling sleeve 100, a second inner conical surface body 99, and an outer conical surface on the left side of the waist drum-shaped coupling sleeve is matched with the inner conical surface of the first inner conical surface body, and an outer conical surface on the right side of the waist drum-shaped coupling sleeve is matched with the inner conical surface of the second inner conical surface body. The first inner conical surface body and the second inner conical surface body are shaped like two cup mouths facing each other to fit the waist drum-shaped coupling sleeve 100 inside. In order to reliably transmit torque, the inner conical surface and the outer conical surface are circumferentially arranged with three protrusions and recesses for matching, the taper of the inner conical surface and the outer conical surface is fifteen degrees, the protrusion is one millimeter, the hardness of the inner conical surface is higher than that of the outer conical surface, and the inner circle of the waist drum-shaped coupling sleeve is the middle part of the inner convex tooth sliding sleeve. The inner convex tooth sliding sleeve is provided with two through holes matched with the curved handle of the guide rod 24 on the left end, the first driving gear 67 is slidingly matched and assembled on the left side of the outer convex spline of the driving shaft 3, the toothed claw on the right end of the first driving gear is matched and assembled with the inner convex claw on the left end of the first inner conical surface body 93, the second driving gear 35 is slidingly matched and assembled on the right side of the outer convex spline of the driving shaft through the control positioning of the outer snap spring 33, the outer spline seat on the left end of the second driving gear is matched and assembled with the inner spline sleeve on the right end of the second inner conical surface body 99, the first driving gear is meshed with the first driven gear 13 fixed on the driven shaft 9, the second driving gear is meshed with the second driven gear 18 fixed on the driven shaft, and the first driven gear and the second driven gear also need to be assembled with rubber buffer devices. The shaft gear of the driven shaft is meshed with the differential gear to output power to drive the vehicle to run.

[0076] Figure 22 is an embodiment of the automatic transmission of the present application. As shown in Figure 22, the driving frame 97 of the single-shaft linkage inner reverse device 95 can also be operated by a bidirectional electromagnet, and the driven frame 92 of the single-shaft linkage inner reverse device is operated by the guide rod 24 to operate the bidirectional clutch to change gears and speed. The single-shaft linkage inner reverse device 95 is slidingly matched and assembled with the driving frame 97 of the driving shaft 3 and the driven frame through the waist drum spring elastic connection, and the single-group shuttle spring seat 92 of the driven frame and the spring seat circumferentially arranged and matched with the driving frame are symmetrically distributed through the assembly connection of the four waist drum springs. The stroke of the single-group shuttle spring seat is to the left of the guide rod 24, the tea cup-shaped coupling sleeve 102, and the first outer conical surface body 101, and to the right of the guide rod 24, the tea cup-shaped coupling sleeve 102, and the second inner conical surface body 99. The first outer conical surface body, the tea cup-shaped coupling sleeve, and the second inner conical surface body are assembled on the driving shaft 3 and are shaped like being superimposed together. The inner conical surface of the tea cup-shaped coupling sleeve is circumferentially arranged with three inner convex strips matched with the three outer recesses of the outer conical surface of the first outer conical surface body, and the outer conical surface of the tea cup-shaped coupling sleeve is circumferentially arranged with three outer convex strips matched with the three inner recesses of the inner conical surface of the second inner conical surface body. Two outer convex edges of each outer convex strip are arc-shaped and close to forty-five degrees. The tea cup-shaped coupling sleeve does not contact the first outer conical surface body and the second inner conical surface body at the intermediate point of reciprocating axial sliding.

[0077] The right end base of the driving frame is provided with a right protruding sliding sleeve, the inner protruding sliding teeth of the sliding sleeve are in sliding fit with the long groove, the outer circlip is assembled on the left side of the driving shaft and the stroke stop ring is assembled on the right side of the driving shaft, the outer groove of the sliding sleeve is provided with the outer recess ring groove for assembling the fork, the fork is fixed on the push-pull rod, and the gear shifting can be realized by operating the push-pull rod.

[0078] The right end base of the driving frame 97 is provided with a right protruding sliding sleeve, the inner protruding sliding teeth of the sliding sleeve are in sliding fit with the long groove of the driving shaft 3, the sliding sleeve is further provided with two through holes in the outer recess ring groove portion for assembling a pin shaft 77, the outer recess ring groove is provided with an outer circlip 21 for fixing the pin shaft, the driving shaft is correspondingly provided with an elongated through hole, the right end center of the driving shaft 3 is provided with a circular deep hole, the circular deep hole is communicated with the elongated through hole, the sliding column 103 is in sliding fit in the circular deep hole, the left end of the sliding column is provided with a pin shaft through hole for assembling the pin shaft 77, the pin shaft is assembled in the elongated through hole and axially reciprocates, the stroke is the axial reciprocating stroke of the driving frame 97, the right end of the sliding column 103 passes through the oil seal 81 assembled on the cylindrical cover, the iron core is positioned and assembled by the step and the outer circlip groove, the outer circlip groove is provided with an outer circlip for locking the iron core, the iron core is in clearance fit in the first gear coil and the second gear coil of the bidirectional electromagnet, the normally open closing contact of the first gear micro switch is in series connection with the first gear coil, the normally open closing contact of the second gear micro switch is in series connection with the contactor coil of the motor power supply or is in parallel connection with the brake switch; the normally open closing contact of the second gear micro switch is in series connection with the contactor coil of the motor power supply or is in parallel connection with the brake switch; the first gear coil and the second gear coil of the bidirectional electromagnet are assembled and fixed in the cylindrical seat of the circular cover, and the first gear coil and the second gear coil are electrically connected with the power delay relay.

[0079] The bidirectional electromagnet is specifically described in the automatic transmission disclosed in the Chinese invention patent application (application number: 202010834411.6), and the transmission switching system is a controller, an electromagnet, a forward action device, and a combination sleeve clutch cooperating to realize gear shifting. The electric control operation linkage reverse drive in the embodiment is to change the forward action device to a single shaft linkage reverse device, the bidirectional electromagnet operates the bidirectional clutch through the single shaft linkage reverse device 95, the bidirectional clutch shifts gears to form a transmission path of gear transmission of first gear or second gear, and the effect of automatic gear shifting is achieved. The first drive gear 67 is slidingly fitted on the left side of the outer protruding spline of the driving shaft 3, the toothed claw at the right end of the first drive gear is fitted and fixed with the inner claw at the left end of the first outer conical surface body 102, the second drive gear 35 is slidingly fitted on the right side of the outer protruding spline of the driving shaft, the outer spline seat at the left end of the second drive gear is fitted and fixed with the inner spline sleeve at the right end of the second inner conical surface body 99, the first drive gear is engaged with the first driven gear fixed on the driven shaft 9, the second drive gear is engaged with the second driven gear fixed on the driven shaft, and the first driven gear and the second driven gear also need to be fitted with rubber buffer devices. The shaft gear of the driven shaft is engaged with the differential gear to output power to drive the vehicle to run.

[0080] Although the present application is described above in combination with the drawings, the present application is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and the above specific embodiments are only illustrative and not restrictive. For example, the driven shaft is fitted with a bevel gear driving hub and applied to a two-wheeled electric motorcycle. Those skilled in the art can make many application combinations under the inspiration of the present application without departing from the purpose of the present application. These all belong to the protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An automatic transmission, comprising a housing, encapsulating machine oil, a gear transmission system, a transmission switching system; the transmission switching system comprises a reverse linkage clutch, a control device, a reverse action device, a friction clutch, the reverse linkage clutch can control the vehicle to be in reverse or forward state; in the forward state of the vehicle, the control device controls the friction clutch and the roller ramp clutch to realize gear shifting; the gear transmission system is a two-gear or four-gear transmission system, the control device comprises a helical tooth spring device, a fly hammer crank device, a steel ball inclined plane device, a bidirectional electromagnet; The application is characterized in that the reverse action device is a single-shaft linkage outer reverse device or a single-shaft linkage inner reverse device; the single-shaft linkage outer reverse device comprises a driving shaft, a check ring, a waist drum spring, a driving frame, and a driven frame, the driving frame and the driven frame are elastically connected and slidingly fitted on the driving shaft through the waist drum spring, a long groove is arranged on the outer circle of the right side of the driving shaft, the sliding sleeve of the driving frame is provided with an inner convex sliding gear which is slidingly fitted with the long groove, the sliding sleeve of the driving frame is also provided with two through holes for assembling two crank handles at the right ends of guide rods, the guide rods are slidingly fitted in the long groove in a symmetrical manner, the crank handles at the left ends of the guide rods are assembled with the two through holes of the helical tooth sliding sleeve, the driving frame is gap-fitted in the inner circle cavity of the right side of the driven frame, the sliding sleeve at the center of the base at the left end of the driven frame is provided with an inner convex sliding gear which is slidingly fitted with the long groove of the driving shaft, the axial sliding stroke of the driven frame is realized by the elastic pushing positioning of the waist drum spring through the combination of the friction clutch to the left and the elastic pushing contact positioning of the sliding sleeve and the check ring to the right, the sliding sleeve of the driven frame is to the left of the check ring, the sliding sleeve of the driving frame is to the right of the check ring, the axial sliding stroke of the driving frame is controlled by the two guide rods, and the center points of the axial sliding strokes of the driven frame and the driving frame are perpendicular to the plane formed by the center lines of each group of waist drum springs and the axis of the driving shaft, the driving frame is in the shape of a shuttle with two hooks at both ends similar to arrows, the two hooks are respectively two expanded head spring seats, the inner circle of the driven frame is arranged at a position between both ends of the shuttle in a forked shape, each hook-shaped expanded head spring seat can be connected in a straight line with each fork-shaped expanded head spring seat, that is, one waist drum spring can be assembled, each group of four waist drum springs is in the shape of a parallelogram, the stroke of the driven frame is smaller than that of the driving frame, and the axial distribution of the single-shaft linkage outer reverse device can be realized by arranging two or three groups of waist drum springs in the shape of a parallelogram at the same interval. The reverse linkage clutch is provided with two parallel long grooves on the outside of the driven shaft, and two push rods are assembled in the long grooves. The driven shaft is sequentially provided with a bearing seat, an outer convex spline part, an outer convex spline shaft, an axial sliding fit assembled reverse gear claw disc, a wear-resistant ring, a wear-resistant sliding sleeve, a wear-resistant sliding sleeve outer circle rotary sliding fit assembled first gear driven gear and an inner ring, a roller slope clutch, a spline fit fixed outer ring seat body, an outer clamp spring, a spline fit fixed pinion, an outer clamp spring, a rotary sliding fit assembled second gear driven gear, an outer clamp spring, a second gear claw disc, a small tower spring, a convex spring seat ring, and a bearing seat. The roller slope clutch is integrally formed with the inner ring of the first gear driven gear, and is assembled with the outer ring seat body through rollers and a thrust retainer. The reverse gear claw disc is provided with a steel sheet fork at the left end surface in clearance fit, the steel sheet fork is fixedly assembled with a rotating shaft at the bottom, the rotating shaft is provided with an outer concave ring groove at one end to be assembled and positioned in rotary fit through a machine shell, the other end of the rotating shaft penetrates through the machine shell and is connected with a swing control pull rope for control, the small crank of the left end of the two push rods is respectively inserted into the two notches at the right end of the reverse gear claw disc sliding sleeve, the push rod is axially slidably fitted with the long groove of the driven shaft, and the small crank of the right end of the two push rods is respectively inserted into the two notches at the left end of the second gear claw disc sliding sleeve. The reverse gear claw disc and the second gear claw disc are assembled into a linkage combination body through the two push rods. The friction clutch is a conical surface friction clutch or a multi-plate friction clutch. The multi-plate friction clutch is a large support and a small support in the shape of a barrel, which is composed of a small support, a steel friction plate, a large support, and a friction plate. The small support is composed of a sliding sleeve, a base, an outer convex stop ring, a cylindrical seat, and an inner protrusion. The cylindrical seat is provided with an outer convex stop ring at the right end. The outer circle of the cylindrical seat is provided with an outer spline sliding fit assembled steel friction plate. The inner circle of the cylindrical seat is provided with an inner protrusion assembled double spring seat. The left end of the cylindrical seat is provided with a base. The base is provided with two cast holes and a plurality of air holes arranged in the circumference. The center part of the base is a sliding sleeve protruding to the left end. The sliding sleeve is provided with an inner convex sliding tooth sliding fit assembled on the driving shaft. The inner circle of the large support is provided with a spline groove assembled friction plate. The sleeve seat at the left end of the large support is fixedly assembled with the cylindrical sleeve at the right end of the second driving gear. The steel friction plate is alternately and superimposedly assembled with the friction plate. The cylindrical seat of the small support is provided with two inner protrusions assembled sleeve-shaped double spring seats arranged in the circumference at the middle part of the inner circle. The inner protrusion is a waist drum shape and is fixedly assembled with the through hole of the double spring seat. Or two long inner protrusions are provided at the same position to assemble a double spring seat in the shape of an I-beam. Each two long inner protrusions are fixedly assembled with a double spring seat in the shape of an I-beam. The small support is a driven support. The second gear transmission system, the driving shaft is sequentially assembled with bearing, first driving gear which is shaft gear or assembled and fixed through spline and outer snap spring, washer, compression spring, driving shaft is assembled with helical tooth sliding sleeve through long groove axial sliding fit, helical tooth sliding sleeve outer circle is assembled with power driven gear through helical tooth rotation sliding fit, washer, outer snap spring, wear-resistant ring, second driving gear, wear-resistant ring, outer snap spring, friction clutch, check ring, single shaft linkage outer reverse device, bearing, both ends of the power driven gear are in contact with two washers respectively, helical tooth sliding sleeve realizes reciprocating motion through rotation of the power driven gear and effect of the compression spring, and the single shaft linkage outer reverse device is operated through the guide rod and the driving frame, reciprocating motion of the driving frame realizes combination or separation of the friction clutch through the waist drum spring reciprocating push and pressure on the driven frame, the first driving gear and the second driving gear are engaged with the first driven gear and the second driven gear respectively, the power driven gear is engaged with the shaft gear or the gear of the motor shaft to input power, and the small gear fixed on the driven shaft is engaged with the differential gear to output power.

2. The automatic transmission of claim 1 wherein In the vehicle forward state, the helical tooth spring device realizes gear shifting and speed changing by operating the conical friction clutch and the roller slope clutch through the single shaft linkage outer reverse device; the conical friction clutch is a superposition of the inner conical surface body and the outer conical surface body which are similar to a round basin shape, and the hardness of the inner conical surface body is greater than that of the outer conical surface body; the single shaft linkage outer reverse device, the driving frame and the driven frame are elastically connected and slidingly fitted on the driving shaft through the waist drum spring, the driving frame is gap-fitted in the inner circular cavity on the right side of the driven frame, the driven frame is the outer conical surface body, the large circular end of the right end of the outer conical surface body is a circular port, the small circular end of the left end of the outer conical surface body is provided with a base, two cast holes are arranged in the circumference of the base, the sleeve in the center of the base is provided with an inner convex sliding gear which is slidingly fitted with the long groove of the driving shaft, two inner convex block assembly sleeve-shaped double spring seats are arranged in the circumferential direction of the middle part of the inner circle of the outer conical surface body; or two long strip-shaped inner convex blocks are arranged at the same position to assemble the double H-shaped spring seat, the axial sliding stroke of the outer conical surface body realizes elastic push positioning of the waist drum spring through the combination of the inner conical surface body to the left and elastic push contact positioning of the sleeve and the check ring to the right, the sleeve of the outer conical surface body is to the left of the check ring, and the sleeve of the driving frame is to the right of the check ring; The reverse linkage clutch is a overrunning clutch matched with the second driving gear and the reverse tooth claw disc, the driven shaft is sequentially assembled with bearing seat, outer convex spline part, outer convex spline axial sliding fit assembly reverse tooth claw disc, small tower spring, convex spring seat ring, wear-resistant sleeve, wear-resistant sleeve outer circle rotation sliding fit assembly first driven gear and inner ring, the inner ring fixed with the first driven gear is assembled with outer ring seat body through roller and thrust retainer, the outer ring seat body is fixed through spline fit, the small gear is fixed through spline fit, the second driven gear is fixed through spline fit, the bearing seat, the left end face of the reverse tooth claw disc is gap-fitted with a steel fork, the bottom of the steel fork is assembled and fixed with a rotating shaft, and the reverse tooth claw disc is matched with the second driving gear through the inner conical surface body of the overrunning clutch to realize reverse driving. The second gear transmission system is sequentially assembled on the driving shaft from left to right with a bearing, a first driving gear being a shaft gear, a washer, a compression spring, the driving shaft being axially slidably assembled with a helical tooth sliding sleeve through a long groove, the helical tooth sliding sleeve being rotatably and slidably assembled with a power driven gear through helical teeth, a washer, an outer snap spring, a wear-resistant ring, a second driving gear, a wear-resistant ring, an outer snap spring, a conical friction clutch, a retaining ring, a single shaft linkage outer reverse device, and a bearing. The two ends of the power driven gear are in contact with two washers in a sliding fit. The first driving gear and the second driving gear are engaged with a first driven gear and a second driven gear, respectively. The power driven gear is engaged with the shaft gear or the gear of the motor rotating shaft to input power. The small gear fixed on the driven shaft is engaged with the differential gear to output power.

3. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: The operating device adopts a flying hammer crank device. The right end of the disc seat is circumferentially arranged with lugs assembled with the crank through a pin shaft. The right end of the crank is fixed with an arc flying hammer. The flying hammer crank cooperates with the compression spring to push the sliding sleeve. The through hole of the sliding sleeve is assembled with the crank at the left end of the guide rod. The guide rod passes through the disc seat and is assembled with the through hole of the sliding sleeve of the driving frame of the single shaft linkage outer reverse device through the crank at the left end. The stroke of the driving frame is controlled by the guide rod. The driving frame and the driven frame are elastically connected through the waist drum spring. The driven frame is a small support of the multi-plate friction clutch. The left end surface of the sliding sleeve is in contact with the arc surface claw on the left side of the crank. The right end surface of the sliding sleeve is in contact with the compression spring. The single shaft linkage outer reverse device is elastically connected by the driving frame slidably assembled with the driving frame and the small support through the waist drum spring. The shuttle spring seat of the driving frame and the spring seat of the small support are circumferentially arranged and symmetrically distributed to be assembled and connected through the waist drum spring. The reciprocating stroke of the driving frame is controlled by the guide rod. The stroke of the small support is positioned to the left of the large support, the friction plate, the steel friction plate, the compressed waist drum spring, and the driving frame. To the right is the left end surface of the outer circular part of the disc seat or the rubber ring assembled on the left end surface, the compressed waist drum spring, and the driving frame. The second gear transmission system is sequentially assembled on the driving shaft from left to right with an oil seal, a bearing, a first driving gear being a shaft gear, an outer convex shaft step, a wear-resistant ring, a second driving gear assembled in a rotary sliding fit, a wear-resistant ring, an outer snap spring, a small support assembled in an axial sliding fit with a spline shaft, a driving frame assembled in an axial sliding fit with a spline shaft, a guide rod, an outer snap spring, a spline fit fixed disc seat, a sliding sleeve, a compression spring, a washer, an outer snap spring, and a bearing. The multi-plate friction clutch is composed of the friction plate and the steel friction plate assembled by the large support of the second driving gear and the small support. The flying hammer crank operating sliding sleeve assembled with the disc seat cooperates with the compression spring to control the reciprocating movement of the sliding sleeve through the guide rod to operate the driving frame. The reciprocating movement of the driving frame realizes the combination or separation of the multi-plate friction clutch through the waist drum spring reciprocating push on the small support. The first driving gear and the second driving gear are engaged with a first driven gear and a second driven gear, respectively. The first driven gear is assembled with a roller ramp clutch. The first driven gear can also be assembled with a reverse clutch. The left end of the driving shaft is provided with an outer spline assembled and connected with an inner spline of the motor rotating shaft. The small gear fixed on the driven shaft is engaged with the differential gear to output power.

4. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: The steering device can also be a steel ball inclined plane device, comprising a steel ball groove frame, a steel ball, an inclined plane claw frame, the steel ball groove frame being provided with a sleeve seat, the sleeve seat being provided with an inner convex sliding tooth and a long groove of a driving shaft in sliding fit, the sleeve seat being provided with a through hole at the right end and being assembled with a guide rod, the outer circle of the sleeve seat being circumferentially provided with a plurality of steel ball grooves, the right end of the outer circle of the steel ball groove frame being provided with a positioning claw, the positioning claw protruding towards the right end, the plurality of positioning claws being in sliding fit with a plurality of positioning sliding blocks, the plurality of positioning sliding blocks and the plurality of inclined plane claws being circumferentially arranged on the inner circular surface of the inclined plane claw frame, the arc surface of the steel ball groove being provided with an opening, the steel ball groove frame being connected with a driving frame of a single shaft linkage outer reverse device through the guide rod, the driving frame being elastically connected with a small support of a plurality of friction clutches through a waist drum spring, the small support being a driven frame of the single shaft linkage outer reverse device, the reciprocating stroke of the driving frame being controlled by the guide rod, the stroke of the small support being positioned to the left end surface of the outer circle part of the disc seat or being assembled with a rubber ring buffer to the right, and the right being a large support, a friction plate, a steel friction plate, a compressed waist drum spring and the driving frame. The two-gear gear transmission system is provided with, from left to right, a bearing, an outer clamp spring, a check ring, a large tower spring, a steel ball groove frame, a guide rod, a disc seat, an outer clamp spring, a driving frame, a small support, an outer clamp spring, a wear-resistant ring, a two-gear driving gear in rotating and sliding fit, a wear-resistant ring, an outer convex shaft step, a one-gear driving gear which is a shaft gear, a bearing and an oil seal on the driving shaft, the steel ball groove frame is assembled with a steel ball and an inclined plane claw frame, from left to right, a bearing, a two-gear driven gear fixed by spline assembly, a pinion which is a shaft gear, a one-gear driven gear assembled by a roller slope clutch, a wear-resistant ring, an outer clamp spring, a bearing, an oil seal and a sprocket fixed by spline assembly on the driven shaft, the right end of the driving shaft is provided with an outer spline which is connected with the spline sleeve of the motor shaft, and the shaft gear of the driven shaft is in mesh with the differential gear to output power or is assembled with a sprocket to drive the rear hub through a chain. Or the driving shaft is assembled by an outer spline at the rear end of the gear shaft on a straight line and an inner spline sleeve at the front end of the long groove shaft, a bearing seat is arranged between the cylinder sleeve at the right end of the two-gear driving gear and the shell, the left end of the sleeve seat at the left end of the large support is in contact with the inner ring of the bearing for positioning or is in contact with the step of the cylinder sleeve for positioning, the gear shaft rear end passes through the cylinder sleeve at the right end of the two-gear driving gear and extends out of the outer spline part, and the left side of the outer spline is provided with a step which is in contact with the right end surface of the inner spline sleeve at the front end of the long groove shaft for positioning.

5. The automatic range transmission of claim 1, wherein: The fly hammer crank device can also operate the driving frame of the single shaft linkage inner reverse device, the driven frame of the single shaft linkage inner reverse device realizes gear shifting and speed changing through the guide rod operating the two-way clutch, the single shaft linkage inner reverse device is elastically connected by the driving frame and the driven frame assembled with the driving shaft through the waist drum spring, the shuttle spring seat of the driven frame and the spring seat of the round basin shaped driving frame are arranged in the circumferential direction and symmetrically distributed through the waist drum spring assembly connection, the combination of the end of the shuttle spring seat of the driven frame and the spring seat of the driving frame is assembled with four waist drum springs shaped like a square, the axial sliding stroke of the driving frame is controlled by the connecting rod assembled with the fly hammer crank device, the stroke positioning of the driven frame to the left is the first gear inner conical surface body, the waist drum shaped combination sleeve and the guide rod, and to the right is the second gear inner conical surface body, the waist drum shaped combination sleeve and the guide rod, the driving shaft right side is provided with four long grooves, the inner convex sliding teeth of the sliding sleeve at the center of the left end base of the driving frame are adapted and slidably fitted with the long grooves, the sliding sleeve of the driven frame is also provided with two through holes to assemble the crank of the right end of the two guide rods, the guide rods are symmetrically assembled in the long grooves through sliding fitting, the guide rods pass through the sliding sleeve of the driving frame, the second driving gear, the crank of the left end of the guide rod is assembled with the two through holes of the waist drum shaped combination sleeve of the two-way clutch, the driven frame is gap fitted in the inner circular cavity right side of the driving frame, the structure of the driven frame is the same as that of the shuttle driving frame of the single shaft linkage inner reverse device, the sliding sleeve of the driven frame is provided with inner convex sliding teeth adapted and slidably fitted with the long grooves of the driving shaft, the inner circular middle part of the driving frame is circumferentially arranged with two inner convex blocks to assemble the double spring seat in the form of a sleeve hole, the inner convex blocks are waist drum shaped and are adapted and assembled with the through hole in the middle of the double spring seat; or two long strip shaped inner convex blocks are provided at the same position to assemble a double spring seat in the form of an I-beam, and each two long strip shaped inner convex blocks are assembled and fixed with an I-beam shaped double spring seat; the sliding sleeve of the driving frame is assembled right side of the sliding sleeve of the driven frame, the center point of the axial sliding stroke of the round basin shaped driving frame and the center point of the axial sliding stroke of the shuttle driven frame are the plane formed by the center line of each waist drum spring and the vertical line of the center line of the driving shaft, and the stroke of the round basin shaped driving frame is larger than that of the shuttle driven frame; The right end of the disc seat is circumferentially arranged with lugs assembled with the crank through a pin shaft, the right end of the crank is fixed with an arc shaped fly hammer, the arc surface claw of the inner circular part of the crank is slidably fitted with the left end surface of the outer convex ring of the sliding sleeve, the right end cylinder of the sliding sleeve is assembled in the inner circular part of the left end of the compression spring, the right end of the compression spring is in contact with the washer, the right end of the washer is in contact with the outer snap spring, the left end of the disc seat is in contact with the outer snap spring, the outer circular part of the crank is provided with lugs assembled with the right end of the connecting rod through a pin shaft, and the left end of the connecting rod is connected with the lugs provided on the right end surface of the inner convex ring of the right end of the round basin shaped driving frame through a pin shaft. The bidirectional clutch comprises a first inner conical surface body, a waist drum-shaped combination sleeve, a second inner conical surface body, and an outer conical surface on the left side of the waist drum-shaped combination sleeve which is matched with the inner conical surface of the first inner conical surface body, and an outer conical surface on the right side of the waist drum-shaped combination sleeve which is matched with the inner conical surface of the second inner conical surface body. The first inner conical surface body and the second inner conical surface body are similar to the mouths of two cups which are arranged to contain the waist drum-shaped combination sleeve. The inner conical surface and the outer conical surface are circumferentially arranged with two or three convex strip recesses. The taper of the inner conical surface and the outer conical surface is ten to twenty degrees. The convex strip protrudes one to two millimeters. The material hardness of the inner conical surface and the outer conical surface is hard-soft matching. The inner circle of the waist drum-shaped combination sleeve is the inner convex tooth sliding sleeve. The inner convex tooth sliding sleeve is provided with two through holes which are matched with the curved handle of the guide rod. The first driving gear is slidingly matched and assembled on the left side of the outer convex spline of the driving shaft. The toothed claw on the right end of the first driving gear is matched and assembled with the inner convex claw on the left end of the first inner conical surface body. The second driving gear is slidingly matched and assembled on the right side of the outer convex spline of the driving shaft. The outer spline seat on the left end of the second driving gear is matched and assembled with the inner spline sleeve on the right end of the second inner conical surface body. The first driving gear is meshed with the first driven gear which is fixed on the driven shaft. The second driving gear is meshed with the second driven gear which is fixed on the driven shaft. The first driven gear and the second driven gear are assembled with the rubber buffer device. The shaft gear of the driven shaft is meshed with the differential gear to output power.

6. The automatic range transmission of claim 1, wherein: The driving frame of the single-shaft linkage inner reversing device can also be controlled by a bidirectional electromagnet. The driven frame of the single-shaft linkage inner reversing device is controlled by the guide rod to control the bidirectional clutch to realize gear shifting and speed changing. The single-shaft linkage inner reversing device is elastically connected by the waist drum spring. The shuttle spring seat of the driven frame and the spring seat of the cup-shaped driving frame are circumferentially arranged and symmetrically distributed to be connected by the waist drum spring. The axial sliding stroke of the driving frame is controlled by the outer clamp spring and the check ring. The stroke of the driven frame to the left is the guide rod, the tea cup-shaped combination sleeve, and the first outer conical surface body. The stroke of the driven frame to the right is the guide rod, the tea cup-shaped combination sleeve, and the second inner conical surface body. The first outer conical surface body, the tea cup-shaped combination sleeve, and the second inner conical surface body are assembled on the driving shaft and are similar to being superimposed together. The tea cup-shaped combination sleeve is similar to a cup. The inner conical surface of the tea cup-shaped combination sleeve is circumferentially arranged with three inner convex strips which are matched with the three outer recesses of the outer conical surface of the first outer conical surface body. The outer conical surface of the tea cup-shaped combination sleeve is circumferentially arranged with three outer convex strips which are matched with the three inner recesses of the inner conical surface of the second inner conical surface body. The two outer convex edges of each outer convex strip are arc-shaped and close to forty-five degrees. The tea cup-shaped combination sleeve does not contact the first outer conical surface body and the second inner conical surface body at the middle point of the reciprocating axial sliding. The sliding sleeve is provided with two through holes for assembling a pin shaft at the outer concave groove position, an outer snap spring is assembled on the outer concave groove for fixing the pin shaft, the driving shaft is correspondingly provided with an elongated through hole, the center of the right end of the driving shaft is provided with a circular deep hole, the circular deep hole is communicated with the elongated through hole, a sliding column is assembled in the circular deep hole in sliding fit, the left end of the sliding column is provided with a pin shaft through hole for assembling a pin shaft, the pin shaft is assembled in the elongated through hole and can axially reciprocate, the right end of the sliding column is positioned and assembled with an iron core through a step and an outer snap spring groove, the outer snap spring groove is installed with an outer snap spring for locking the iron core, the iron core is assembled in the first gear coil and the second gear coil of the bidirectional electromagnet in clearance fit, the first gear coil and the second gear coil of the bidirectional electromagnet are assembled and fixed in the cylindrical seat of the circular cover shell, and the first gear coil and the second gear coil are electrically connected with the power delay relay. The transmission buffer device is used for buffering the second driven gear and the first driven gear or the differential gear large gear.

7. The automatic range transmission of claim 2 wherein: The helical tooth spring device realizes gear shifting and speed changing by operating the multi-plate friction clutch and the roller ramp clutch through the single shaft linkage outer reversing device.

8. The automatic range transmission of claim 3, wherein: The reversing linkage clutch is realized by the cooperation of the reverse gear tooth engagement claw disc and the second driving gear through the overrunning clutch assembly large support.

9. The automatic transmission according to claims 2, 3, 4, characterized in that: The operating device adopts the bidirectional electromagnet, the driving frame sliding sleeve of the single shaft linkage outer reversing device is provided with two through holes for assembling a pin shaft at the outer concave groove position, an outer snap spring is assembled on the outer concave groove for fixing the pin shaft, the driving shaft is correspondingly provided with an elongated through hole, the center of the right end of the driving shaft is provided with a circular deep hole, the circular deep hole is communicated with the elongated through hole, a sliding column is assembled in the circular deep hole in sliding fit, the left end of the sliding column is provided with a pin shaft through hole for assembling a pin shaft, the pin shaft is assembled in the elongated through hole and can axially reciprocate, the right end of the sliding column is positioned and assembled with an iron core through a step and an outer snap spring groove, the outer snap spring groove is installed with an outer snap spring for locking the iron core, and the iron core is assembled in the first gear coil and the second gear coil of the bidirectional electromagnet in clearance fit.

10. The automatic transmission according to claims 2, 3, 4, characterized in that: The stroke of the driving frame is controlled by the pin shaft, the driving frame and the driven frame are elastically connected through the waist drum spring, and the driven frame is the small support of the multi-plate friction clutch. The single shaft linkage outer reversing device, the driving frame and the driven frame are elastically connected through the waist drum spring and are assembled on the driving shaft in sliding fit, the driving shaft can be provided with multiple steps according to the assembly needs, the long groove of the driving shaft is arranged according to the assembly needs, and the sliding sleeve of the driving frame and the sliding sleeve of the driven frame are slidably connected with the driving shaft through the spline. The first driven gear is assembled with the roller ramp clutch and the reverse gear tooth engagement claw disc, the reverse gear tooth engagement claw disc can be matched with the inclined surface sliding block reverse mechanism, the inclined surface sliding block reverse mechanism can adopt the reverse gear shifting switch and the electromagnet coil in series connection, and the reverse gear tooth engagement claw disc is operated by the electromagnet; or the inclined surface sliding block reverse mechanism is operated by the hydraulic or pneumatic device.

Images