Dental implant with concave surface parts

Abstract

Disclosed is a dental implant. The dental implant comprises an implant body having a main axis extending from a coronal end to an apical end of the implant body. The dental implant comprises a receptacle for receiving a secondary body. The implant body has a first primary surface part extending in a first angular range less than 361 degrees about the main axis, and wherein the first primary surface part is concave along the main axis.

Description

[0001] DENTAL IMPLANT WITH CONCAVE SURFACE PARTS

[0002] The present disclosure pertains to the field of dental implants. The present disclosure relates to a dental implant for use together with a bioadhesive composition for bonding the dental implant to a bone cavity, such as an extraction socket.

[0003] BACKGROUND

[0004] The field of biomaterials includes fixation of implants to tissues as well as tissue repair. To date, a range of synthetic, naturally-derived and biomimetic-based adhesive compositions have been developed for use in a range of clinical applications, including bone repair and dental implantology. Still, the limited mechanical strength of implants in combination with adhesives has remained an issue within the field of implants and biomaterials.

[0005] Even though there are several tissue adhesives available today on the market, none of them are ideal sealants or even adhesives. Cyanoacrylates were one of the first synthetic adhesives used as bone adhesives, demonstrating a high potential for bone bonding, together with methacrylates and the most promising synthetic adhesives in the dental area, since they are able to polymerize in wet conditions and achieve strong wet adhesion. At the same time, they are able to react with the amines on the surface of the tissue creating a covalent bond, thus achieving rapid curing at low cost. Cyanoacrylates have shown good adhesion but have shown inflammatory response during degradation. Thus, making the clinical use of cyanoacrylate-based adhesives limited to applications needing only small amount of adhesives, for example, wound healing or repair damage to the skin, as large quantities of the cyanoacrylate-based adhesives can cause chemical burns, chronic inflammatory response, tissue necrosis and dermatitis, due to the toxic nature of its byproducts.

[0006] Fibrin glues have low adhesive strengths but are more biocompatible. Other adhesives struggle with high costs and long curing times or lack of tailoring of the curing time dependent on the tissue and the situation.

[0007] Calcium phosphates (CaP) and in particular hydroxyapatite (Hap, HAp, or HA; with the formula Cas PO^OH or Caio(P04)e(OH)2 to denote that the crystal unit cell comprises two entities and is in the form of a dimer), is a mineral that is widely used in medical applications due to its similarity to the mineral components of bone and teeth. Hydroxyapatite is non- toxic, biocompatible, and bioactive. This means that on one hand hydroxyapatite is not harmful and not recognized as a foreign body, and on the other hand that it may have a positive effect on remodelling the bone. Hence, hydroxyapatite has been widely used in bone repair and as drug / gene delivery vehicle, catalyst, ion adsorption / exchange agent, photoelectric reagent and so on. Calcium phosphate composites are known and used as bone substitutes and bone grafts. These calcium phosphate composites tend to form complexes primarily between calcium-based salts through charge interactions. These composites are used as general bone void fillers and generally lack the adhesive strength sufficient to adhere or fix bones together, for example, fractured bone surfaces. These compositions lack sufficient chemical interactions between the calcium phosphate composite and the bone surface or other surface materials, and lack sufficient strength to be used to bond bone to bone or bone to other materials.

[0008] US2012288446 (US'446) discloses an adhesive comprising a multivalent metal compound, and an effective amount of a compound that is structurally similar to phosphoserine, such as for example a phosphoserine oligomer or a phosphoserine capped polymer. US'446 discloses, for example, experimental data using tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) as the multivalent metal compound and phosphoserine-ethyleneglycol-diglycidyl-phosphoserine and obtains adhesive strength of up to 3.76 MPa when adhered to bone.

[0009] US20130122057 (US'057) discloses a bone restorative composition comprising amino acid phosphate species, a multivalent metal compound and a bioactive glass material containing ionic functional groups. US'057 discloses examples using a composition comprising TTCP as the multivalent metal compound, phosphoserine as the amino acid phosphate species together with various amounts of Combeite Bioactive glass and water. The cortical bone to bone shear strengths obtained varied between 0.75-2.13 MPa.

[0010] W02019106173A1 describes a composition of a calcium phosphate such as tetracalcium phosphate or a-TCP (tricalcium phosphate) and an additive compound selected from nucleic acid or nucleotides, phospho(enol)pyruvic acid and phosphocreatine. The composition may be used as a tissue adhesive.

[0011] WO2016196371A1 relates to a composition comprising a multivalent metal compound and a compound of Formula (I) that is an organic phosphate compound (e.g., a small organic phosphate compound) such as phosphoserine. The composition is said to possess the properties of adhesion, conforming to a surface, being capable of luting, and becoming a solid that can be adhesively applied to bone or device surfaces. In some embodiments, the shape of the applied composition can be altered by flowing, molding, forming, or plastic deformation of any other kind, to obtain the desired shape and size prior to it becoming generally rigid and solid.

[0012] Notwithstanding the development of a variety of bioadhesive compositions, the use of these compositions in dental implantology has met with limited success, in part due to the immediate and extremely high shear impact / compressive forces on the dental implants, a problem that has been hard to solve in the field.

[0013] Dental implant stability is a critical parameter influencing the overall success of dental implant treatments. The concept of dental implant stability is typically separated into two regimes, namely, I) primary stability, characterized by the purely mechanical interaction between the dental implant and the host bone and II) secondary stability, characterized by biological stabilization of the implant through the process of osseointegration.

[0014] Research within the field of time-dependent stability of dental implants suggests a positive correlation between primary and secondary implant stabilities, meaning that high primary stability is a strong indicator that the implant will reach a high secondary stability.

[0015] The major factors affecting primary implant stability are the surgical protocol, host bone quality and the macroscopic implant design. Efforts to improve the primary stability of dental implants in poor quality bone or with reduced thread engagement are ongoing and, recently, a calcium phosphate-based cement material, having glue-like properties, has been developed (Bystrom JL, Pujari-Palmer M, J. Fund. Biomater. (2019), 10(4), 54 “Phosphoserine functionalized cements preserve metastable phases, and reprecipitate octacalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, dicalcium phosphate, and amorphous calcium phosphate, during degradation in vitro’’’, Pujari-Palmer M et al. Materials (2018), 11(12), 2492 “A novel class of injectable bioceramics that glue tissues and biomaterials” (Basel) ; Pujari-Palmer M et al. ChemEngineering (2020), 4(1), 19 “Factors that determine the adhesive strength in a bioinspired bone tissue adhesive”; US2020030483A1 / W02019106173A1). This technology utilizes the reported properties of the amino acid phosphoserine to facilitate adhesive bonding between the cement components and, e.g., tissues and metals, under both wet and dry conditions. While this material might hold the promise to enhance the primary stability of dental implants, considering the glue-like nature and the fact that the material is a viscous liquid at the time of implant placement, so far, widely diverging results on improved primary stability have been reported.

[0016] Generally, adhesive-based primary stability generation for dental implants is not well represented in the literature and the imaginable parameters that might contribute to the stability of the initial bond have not been fully elucidated. It has been reported that the surface area of the bond interface is a key component affecting bond strength. For dental implants, surface area is contingent upon 3 principal factors: implant length, implant diameter, and implant geometry (thread-to-core ratio and shape). Additionally, depending on the specific adhesive being used, setting time has been reported to play an important role in adhesive bond strength.

[0017] SUMMARY

[0018] Accordingly, there is a need for an implant solution, which mitigate, alleviate, or address the shortcomings existing and provides improved stability and bond strength of the dental implant, for example in the presence of a bioadhesive composition.

[0019] Disclosed is a dental implant. The dental implant comprises an implant body having a main axis extending from a coronal end to an apical end of the implant body. The dental implant comprises a receptacle for receiving a secondary body. The implant body has a first primary surface part extending in a first angular range less than 361 degrees about the main axis, and wherein the first primary surface part is concave along the main axis.

[0020] It is an advantage of the present disclosure that the first primary surface part of the dental implant facilitates a desirable pressure distribution profile on a bioadhesive composition during insertion of the dental implant into the bioadhesive composition. The concave shape transfers a longitudinal pressure applied on the coronal end in the apical direction to a nonlongitudinal pressure, such as a radial pressure or a pressure component in a direction between the radial direction and the longitudinal direction. The pressure distribution profile increases the pressure exerted on the bioadhesive composition in a radial direction and in a longitudinal direction. The increased pressure on the bioadhesive composition causes the bioadhesive composition to evenly distribute around the dental implant. In addition to distributing the bioadhesive composition around the dental implant, the increased pressure may also push the bioadhesive composition into cancellous bone in a bone cavity. This can increase the overall mechanical stability of the dental implant, especially in highly cancellous bone which otherwise typically results in a lower mechanical stability.

[0021] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The above and other features and advantages of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art by the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

[0023] Fig. 1A-1 D illustrate an example dental implant having a primary concave surface part according to this disclosure,

[0024] Fig. 2A-2D illustrate an example dental implant having a plurality of concave surface parts according to this disclosure, and

[0025] Fig. 3A-3D illustrate an example dental implant having a plurality of concave surface parts and a plurality of recessed longitudinal support elements according to this disclosure.

[0026] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Various exemplary embodiments and details are described hereinafter, with reference to the figures when relevant. It should be noted that the figures may or may not be drawn to scale and that elements of similar structures or functions are represented by reference numerals throughout the figures. It should also be noted that the figures are only intended to facilitate the description of the embodiments. They are not intended as an exhaustive description of the disclosure or as a limitation of the scope of the disclosure. In addition, an illustrated embodiment does not need to have all the aspects or advantages shown. An aspect or an advantage described in conjunction with a particular embodiment is not necessarily limited to that embodiment and can be practiced in any other embodiments even if not so illustrated, or if not so explicitly described.

[0028] The figures are schematic and simplified for clarity, and they merely show details which aid understanding the disclosure, while other details have been left out. Throughout, the same reference numerals are used for identical or corresponding parts.

[0029] The current disclosure relates to a dental implant. The dental implant may be configured to be used together with a bioadhesive composition to secure the dental implant to a socket or a tissue. In other words, the dental implant may be configured to not engage into the bone when inserted into a socket.

[0030] As used herein, the term bioadhesive or bioadhesive composition refers to a dental bioresorbable cement like structure. Said cement like structure is a biocompatible and biodegradable composition that is suitable to join two surfaces together where at least one of them is a tissue such as, for example, a living tissue, a bone tissue, oral soft tissue, or a dental tissue. The bioadhesive composition, as used herein, can also join together a non- biological surface (such as a dental implant surface) to a tissue, thus securing a dental implant into a bone cavity or an extraction socket. The bioadhesive composition according to the present disclosure has the particularity to be osteofriendly and osteoconductive, providing dental primary stability (and / or secondary stability) of the dental implant while in contact with at least one tissue and maintaining said stability over time while the bone regenerates and grows around the dental implant. The bioadhesive composition will slowly disappear in favour of the newly grown bone.

[0031] As used herein, the term dental implant refers herein to a threadless implant or a threadless element. The dental implant of the present invention differs from a traditional dental implant in that said it has no thread, thus it cannot be screwed into the bone, or a jawbone. In addition, said dental implant also differs from other threadless implants known in the art, in that it is not designed to be hammered into the bone, or a jawbone.

[0032] The dental implant comprises an implant body having a main axis extending from a coronal end to an apical end of the implant body. The dental implant comprises a receptacle for receiving a secondary body, such as a crown, an adapter such as an abutment, a healing cap, or a scanbody. The implant body has a first primary surface part extending in a first angular range less than 361 degrees about the main axis, and wherein the first primary surface part is concave along the main axis. The concave shape of the first primary surface may facilitate a desirable pressure distribution profile on a bioadhesive composition during insertion of the dental implant into the bone cavity, such as an extraction socket, in the presence of a bioadhesive composition. The concave shape transfers a longitudinal pressure applied on the coronal end in the apical direction to a non-longitudinal pressure, such as a radial pressure or a pressure component in a direction between the radial direction and the longitudinal direction. The pressure distribution profile increases the pressure exerted on the bioadhesive composition in a radial direction and in a longitudinal direction.

[0033] In accordance with conventional dental terminology, “apical” refers to the direction towards the bone and “coronal” to the direction towards the occlusal surface of the teeth. Therefore, the apical end of a component is the end which, in use, is directed towards or into the jawbone and the coronal end is that which is directed towards or into the oral cavity.

[0034] The concave shape causes a faster change in volume available for the bioadhesive composition compared to a strictly conical shape implant when the implant and the bioadhesive composition are inserted into an enclosed space such as a bone cavity, or an extraction socket. The change in volume causes a pressurizing and compacting effect on the bioadhesive composition, which can enhance the interaction between the bioadhesive composition and the surface of the implant.

[0035] The concave shape of the surface parts further increases the surface area of the dental implant compared to a straight surface, such as compared to a dental implant having a strictly conical shape. Thereby, the contact surface between the bioadhesive composition and the dental implant can be increased without increasing the overall foot-print of the dental implant, thus increasing the stability and the mechanical strength between the bioadhesive composition and the dental implant.

[0036] In one or more example dental implants, the dental implant has a wider radius at the coronal end of the first primary surface than at the apical end of the first primary surface, so that the dental implant has a substantially conical shape. Upon insertion of the dental implant and the bioadhesive composition into the bone cavity or an extraction socket, the conical shape of the dental implant exerts a pressure on the bioadhesive composition causing the bioadhesive composition to be compacted and evenly spread around the dental implant. By compacting the bioadhesive composition, the interaction between the bioadhesive composition and the implant surface is improved leading to the bioadhesive composition and the dental implant being strongly bonded.

[0037] In one or more examples according to the current disclosure, the bioadhesive composition is a bioadhesive composition comprising a calcium phosphate for dental procedures for use in enhancing primary and / or secondary stability of a dental implant and / or tooth replacement when placed into a bone cavity or an extraction socket. In one or more examples according to the current disclosure, the bioadhesive composition comprises an organic phosphate compound, as well as calcium phosphate.

[0038] As used herein, the term primary stability, also known as mechanical stability, refers to the mechanical engagement of the dental implant with the bioadhesive composition once set and the absence of mobility of the dental implant in the socket or cavity. Said mechanical or bio-mechanical stability being influenced by numerous factors, such as, for example but not limited to, the setting of the bioadhesive, the quantity or quality of the bioadhesive composition, or the geometric design of the dental implant.

[0039] As used herein, the term secondary stability, also known as biological stability, refers to the development from regeneration and remodelling of the bone and tissue around the dental implant after insertion and can be affected by the primary stability.

[0040] As used herein, the term organic phosphate compound refers to an organic compound comprising a phospho-amino acid moiety, for example, but not limited to phosphoserine or a phosphoserine derivative. As used herein the term phosphoserine derivative refers to a compound with a phosphoserine like skeleton. Illustrative examples of organic phosphate compounds include, but not limited to, phosphoserine, phosphoserine derivatives such as a phosphoserine polymer, a phosphoserine oligomer, phosphoserine-ethyleneglycol- diglycidyl-phosphoserine, as well as distinct phospho amino acid moieties like tyrosine phosphate, and threonine phosphate.

[0041] More specifically, the disclosure applies to bioadhesive composition comprising calcium phosphate for use as described herein. In one or more examples according to the current disclosure, the bioadhesive composition comprises an organic phosphate compound such as, for example, phosphoserine or a phosphoserine derivative, as well as a calcium phosphate. Typically, the composition may comprise phosphoserine as well as a calcium phosphate.

[0042] In one or more examples according to the current disclosure, the composition comprises a calcium phosphate selected from the group consisting of hydroxyapatite, octacalcium phosphate, tetracalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, and combinations thereof. In a currently preferred embodiment, the calcium phosphate is tetracalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, or combinations thereof.

[0043] In one or more example dental implants, the dental implant comprises a first secondary surface part with a first primary edge separating the first primary surface part and the first secondary surface part. The first secondary surface part may be arranged between the first primary surface part and the coronal end of the dental implant. The first secondary surface part may be concave along the main axis.

[0044] In one or more example dental implants, the first primary edge has a curvature. The curvature may provide a smooth transition between the first secondary surface part and the first tertiary surface part, which facilitates a smooth flow of bioadhesive composition from the first primary surface part to the first secondary surface part upon insertion of the dental implant and the bioadhesive composition into the bone cavity, such as an extraction socket.

[0045] In one or more example dental implants, the first primary edge forms an annular closed edge, so that the first primary edge extends along the entire circumference of the dental implant. In other words, the first primary edge may be ring shaped.

[0046] In one or more example dental implants, the dental implant comprises a first tertiary surface part and a first secondary edge separating the first secondary surface part and the first tertiary surface part. The first tertiary surface part may be concave along the main axis.

[0047] In one or more example dental implants, the first secondary edge has a curvature. The curvature may provide a smooth transition between the first secondary surface part and the first tertiary surface part, which facilitates a smooth flow of bioadhesive composition from the first secondary surface part to the first tertiary surface part upon insertion of the dental implant into the bioadhesive composition.

[0048] In one or more example dental implants, the dental implant comprises one or more recessed support element(s). The one or more recessed support element(s) are configured to prevent the rotation of the dental implant when the dental implant is inserted into the bone cavity or extraction socket in the presence of the bioadhesive composition. A recessed support element can herein be seen as a groove, a channel and / or an indentation in the implant body, such as in the one or more concave surface parts of the implant body. The groove, the channel and / or the indentation may be an elongated groove, an elongated channel and / or an elongated indentation. The recessed support element, such as the elongated groove, the elongated channel and / or the elongated indentation, may have a longitudinal extension in parallel to the main axis of the dental implant, such as in a longitudinal direction of the dental implant. The first support surface and the second support surfaces may be longitudinal surfaces of the recessed support element. The first support surface and the second support surfaces may face each other. The one or more recessed support element(s) may respectively have a primary support surface and a secondary support surface. The primary support surface and the secondary support surface may be radial surfaces, such as surfaces having a surface normal perpendicular to the radial direction of the dental implant, such as in a tangential direction of the dental implant. The primary support surface and the secondary support surface are configured to contact the bioadhesive composition and to create a form fit with the bioadhesive composition, thereby preventing a rotation of the dental implant in relation to the bioadhesive composition. In one or more example dental implants, the one or more recessed support element(s) comprise a first support element having a first primary support surface and a first secondary support surface. In one or more example dental implants, the first primary surface part, and / or the first secondary surface part, and / or the first tertiary surface part, extends between the first primary support surface of the first support element and the first secondary support surface of the first support element.

[0049] In one or more example dental implants, the primary edge may be separated by the one or more recessed support element(s). In other words, the primary edge may be separated in to the first primary edge, a second primary edge, a third primary edge and / or a fourth primary edge, or even further primary edge(s) depending on the number of recessed support elements. In one or more example dental implants, the secondary edge may be separated by the one or more recessed support element(s). In other words, the secondary edge may be separated in to the first secondary edge, a second secondary edge, a third secondary edge and / or a fourth secondary edge, or even further secondary edge(s) depending on the number of recessed support elements.

[0050] In one or more example dental implants, the dental implant comprises one or more recessed support elements, such as a plurality of recessed support elements, having a primary support surface and a secondary support surface, respectively. The plurality of recessed support elements may comprise the first recessed support element and a second recessed support element, the second support element having a second primary support surface and a second secondary support surface. In one or more example dental implants, the first primary surface part and / or the first secondary surface part, and / or the first tertiary surface part, extends between the primary support surface of the first recessed support element, such as between the first primary support surface, and the secondary support surface of the second recessed support element, such as the second secondary support surface. In one or more example dental implants, the dental implant comprises a second primary surface part, and / or a second secondary surface part, and / or a second tertiary surface part. The second primary surface part, and / or the second secondary surface part, and / or the second tertiary surface part may extend between the primary support surface of the second support element, such as between the second primary support surface, and the secondary support surface of the first support element, such as the first secondary support surface. In one or more example dental implants, such as when the plurality of recessed support elements comprise a third recessed support element having a third primary support surface and a third secondary support surface, the second primary surface part, and / or the second secondary surface part, and / or the second tertiary surface part may extend between the primary support surface of the second recessed support element, such as between the second primary support surface, and the secondary support surface of the third recessed support element, such as the third secondary support surface.

[0051] In one or more example dental implants, the recessed support elements may be equidistantly distributed around the main axis of the implant body. In one or more example methods, the recessed support elements may be asymmetrically arranged around the main axis of the implant body. In other words, the distance between two adjacent recessed support elements does not have to be the same. For example, if the dimension of the dental implant is to be reduced in a certain direction, such as due to the bone in which the dental implant is to be implanted being narrow, the position of the recessed support elements may be adapted to avoid or reduce the protrusion in that direction.

[0052] In one or more example dental implants, the primary support surface and the secondary support surface are separated by an edge arranged between the primary support surface and the secondary support surface.

[0053] In one or more example dental implants, the one or more recessed support elements, such as the plurality of recessed support elements, are longitudinally extending recessed support elements, such as recessed support elements extending substantially in parallel to the longitudinal axis of the implant.

[0054] The recessed support element is configured to prevent a rotation of the dental implant around the main axis, when inserted into a bone cavity, such as an extraction socket, in the presence of the bioadhesive composition, by allowing the bioadhesive composition to enter the recessed support element and to contact the first primary support surface and the first secondary support surface. Upon curing of the bioadhesive composition, the bioadhesive composition will create a form fit with the recessed support element which prevents the rotation of the dental implant.

[0055] In one or more example dental implants, the one or more support elements are recessed in the implant body. In other words, the support element may be a recess, such as a groove. In the recessed support element, the first primary support surface and the first secondary support surface face each other, when seen from the shortest angular distance between the first primary support surface and the first secondary support surface. The recessed support element is configured to prevent a rotation of the dental implant around the main axis, when inserted into a bone cavity, such as an extraction socket, with the bioadhesive composition, by allowing the bioadhesive composition to enter the recess and contact the first primary support surface and the first secondary support surface. Upon curing of the bioadhesive composition, the bioadhesive composition will create a form fit with the recessed support element which prevents a rotation of the dental implant. In one or more example dental implants, the one or more recessed support elements may be recessed by predetermined distance from the outer surface of the dental implant. In one or more example dental implants, the depth of the recess may vary along the length of the recess.

[0056] In one or more example dental implants, the surface parts, such as the first primary surface part, and / or the first secondary surface part, and / or the first tertiary surface part, form a respective bioadhesive cavity, such as a cavity for receiving a bioadhesive composition. In one or more example dental implants, each surface part may form a bioadhesive cavity together with a primary support surface and a secondary support surface of one or more recessed support elements.

[0057] In one or more example dental implants, such as when the dental implant does not comprise any recessed support elements, the first angular range is 360 degrees. In one or more example dental implants, such as when the dental implant comprises a plurality of recessed support elements, the first angular range is between 30 and 200 degrees.

[0058] In one or more example dental implants, an outer surface of the dental implant is threadless. The dental implant is thus not configured to be threaded into a jawbone, but rather configured to be secured to the jawbone by bonding with the bioadhesive composition.

[0059] In one or more example dental implants, the dental implant has a substantially solid core. Substantially solid can herein be seen as the core being solid except for a receptacle for receiving a secondary body.

[0060] In one or more example dental implants, the dental implant may have a perforated core. Perforated can herein be seen as comprising one or more recesses, cavities, void spaces, holes, and / or bores, in the outer surface of the core. The recesses, cavities, void spaces, holes, and / or bores may be configured for receiving the bioadhesive composition and thus create a form fit between the implant and the bioadhesive composition. This can further increase the stability, such as the primary stability, of the implant once the bioadhesive composition has cured. In addition, the bioadhesive composition present in said recesses, cavities, void spaces, holes, and / or bores will ultimately slowly disappear in favour of the newly grown bone, thus providing increased secondary stability of the dental implant. In other words, the bioadhesive composition will ultimately be replaced by newly grown bone.

[0061] The material of the dental implant or dental structure may be made of titanium, titanium alloys, ceramic, glass ceramic, zirconia, zirconia alloys, titanium-zirconium alloy, chrome, cobalt, cobalt-chrome alloy, or porcelain. The material of the dental implant or dental structure are preferably made of titanium, titanium alloys or titanium-zirconium alloy. Most preferably, the material of the dental implant or dental structure is made of titanium, or titanium alloys.

[0062] Fig. 1A to 1 D illustrate an example dental implant 1 according to the current disclosure. Fig 1 A shows a perspective view of the example dental implant 1 , Fig. 1 B shows a cross section view along the main axis of the example dental implant 1 , Fig. 1C shows a side view of the example dental implant 1 , and Fig. 1 D shows a side view from the apical end along the main axis of the example dental implant 1. The dental implant 1 may be configured to be used together with a bioadhesive composition to secure the dental implant to a socket (such as an extraction socket or a bone cavity) or a tissue (such as the dental tissue of a subject). The dental implant 1 comprises an implant body 10 having a main axis XL extending from a coronal end 11 to an apical end 12 of the implant body 10. The dental implant 1 comprises a receptacle 13 for receiving a secondary body, such as a crown, or an adapter, such as an abutment, a healing cap, or a scanbody. The receptacle 13 may comprise threads for receiving the secondary body. The threads may be arranged on an inner surface of the receptacle 13. The implant body 10 has a first primary surface part 14 extending in a first angular range less than 361 degrees about the main axis XL, and wherein the first primary surface part 14 is concave along the main axis XL. The concave shape of the first primary surface 14 may facilitate a desirable pressure distribution profile on a bioadhesive composition during insertion of the dental implant into the bioadhesive composition. The concave shape of the first primary surface 14 transfers a longitudinal pressure applied on the coronal end in the apical direction to a non-longitudinal pressure, such as a radial pressure or a pressure component in a direction between the radial direction and the longitudinal direction. The pressure distribution profile increases the pressure exerted on the bioadhesive composition in a radial direction and in a longitudinal direction. The concave shape causes a faster change in volume available for the bioadhesive composition compared to a conical shape implant when the implant is inserted into an enclosed space, such as a cavity, such as a bone cavity or an extraction socket, in the presence of the bioadhesive composition. The change in volume causes a pressurizing and compacting effect on the bioadhesive composition, which enhances the interaction between the dental implant and the bioadhesive composition. In one or more example dental implants, the dental implant 1 has a wider radius Rci at the coronal end of the first primary surface part 14 than the radius RAI at the apical end of the first primary surface part 14. Upon insertion of the dental implant 1 into the bioadhesive composition, due to the dental implant being wider at the coronal end of the first primary surface part 14 than at the apical end of the first primary surface part 14, the dental implant exerts a pressure on the bioadhesive composition causing the bioadhesive composition to be compacted and evenly spread around the dental implant. By compacting the bioadhesive composition, the bioadhesive composition and the dental implant become strongly bonded. The dental implant 1 further comprises a top part 30. In the example dental implant shown in Figs 1A-1 D, the top part 30 is configured as a tissue level top part 30A which allows, for example, to deal with the addition or the removal of parts without disturbing the soft tissue.

[0063] Figs. 2A to 2D illustrate an example dental implant 1 according to the current disclosure. Fig 2A shows a perspective view of the example dental implant 1 , Fig. 2B shows a cross section view along the main axis of the example dental implant 1 , Fig. 2C shows a side view of the example dental implant 1 , and Fig. 2D shows a side view from the apical end along the main axis of the example dental implant 1. In the example dental implant shown in Figs. 2A to 2D, the dental implant 1 comprises a first secondary surface part 15 with a first primary edge 17 separating the first primary surface part 14 and the first secondary surface part 15. The first secondary surface part 15 may be arranged between the first primary surface part

[0064] 14 and the coronal end 11 of the dental implant 1. The first secondary surface part 15 is concave along the main axis. The first primary edge has a curvature. The curvature may provide a smooth transition between the first secondary surface part and the first tertiary surface part, which facilitates a smooth flow of bioadhesive composition from the first secondary surface part to the first tertiary surface part upon insertion of the dental implant and the bioadhesive composition into a bone cavity or an extraction socket. The dental implant 1 may have a wider radius Rc2 at the coronal end of the first secondary surface part

[0065] 15 than the radius RA2 at the apical end of the first secondary surface part 15. The radius RA2 at the apical end of the first secondary surface part 15 may be the same or wider than the radius Rci of the coronal end of the first primary surface part 14.

[0066] The first primary edge 17 may form an annular closed edge, so that the first primary edge 17 extends along the entire circumference of the dental implant 1. In other words, the first primary edge 17 may be ring shaped. In one or more example dental implants, such as when the dental implant comprises one or more recessed support elements, the first primary edge may be separated by the recessed support element into a plurality of parts, such as a first primary edge 17A and a second primary edge 17B.

[0067] The example dental implant 1 of Figs. 2A-2D further comprises a first tertiary surface part

[0068] 16 and a first secondary edge 18 separating the first secondary surface part 15 and the first tertiary surface part 16. The first tertiary surface part 16 may be concave along the main axis XL. The first secondary edge may also have a curvature, such as a curvature corresponding to the curvature of the first primary edge. The curvature may provide a smooth transition between the first secondary surface part and the first tertiary surface part.

[0069] The first secondary edge 18 may form an annular closed edge, so that the first secondary edge 18 extends along the entire circumference of the dental implant 1 . In other words, the first secondary edge 18 may be ring shaped. In one or more example dental implants, such as when the dental implant comprises one or more recessed support elements, the first primary edge may be separated into a plurality of parts, such as a first secondary edge 18A and a second secondary edge 18B.

[0070] The first primary edge 17 and / or the first secondary edge 18 create a bulge, such as a locally wider section in the radial direction of the dental implant. Due to the dental implant locally having a wider radius along the first primary edge 17 and / or the first secondary edge 18, the first primary edge 17 and / or the first secondary edge 18 prevents a movement of the dental implant in a longitudinal direction of the implant once the dental implant 1 has been inserted into the bone cavity or extraction socket, in the presence of the bioadhesive composition.

[0071] The implant body 10 may be wider at the secondary surface part 15 than at the primary surface part 14, such that the average radius at the secondary surface part 15 along the main axis XL is larger than the average radius at the primary surface part 14. The implant body 10 may be wider at the tertiary surface part 17 than at the secondary surface part 15, such that the average radius at the tertiary surface part 16 along the main axis XL is larger than the average radius at the secondary surface part 15.

[0072] Figs. 3A to 3D illustrate an example dental implant 1 according to the current disclosure. Fig. 3A shows a perspective view of the example dental implant 1 , Fig. 3B shows a cross section view along the main axis of the example dental implant 1 , Fig. 3C shows a side view of the example dental implant 1 , and Fig. 3D shows a side view from the apical end along the main axis of the example dental implant 1. In the example dental implant shown in Figs. 3A to 3D, the dental implant 1 comprises a plurality of recessed support elements 20 respectively having a primary support surface 21 and a secondary support surface 22. The plurality of recessed support elements 20 may comprise the first recessed support element 20A and a second recessed support element 20B, the second recessed support element 20B having a second primary support surface 21 B and a second secondary support surface 22B. The example dental implant shown in Figs. 3A to 3D further comprises a third recessed support element 20C having a third primary support surface 21 C and a third secondary support surface 22C, and a fourth recessed support element 20D having a fourth primary support surface 21 D and a fourth secondary support surface 22D. The plurality of recessed support elements may be equidistantly distributed around the main axis XL of the implant body 10. In the example shown in Figs. 3A to 3D the angular distance between a respective radial centerline of two neighboring recessed support elements is 90°. In the example dental implant 1 of Figs. 3A to 3D, the first primary surface part 14A, the first secondary surface part 15A, and the first tertiary surface part 16A, extend between the primary support surface 21A of the first recessed support element 20A, such as the first primary support surface and the secondary support surface 22B of the second recessed support element 20B, such as the second secondary support surface. However, in one or more example dental implants, the dental implant may comprise only the first primary surface part 14A, or the first primary surface part 14A and the second primary surface part 15A extending between the primary support surface 21 A of the first recessed support element 20A, such as the first primary support surface and the secondary support surface 22B of the second recessed support element 20B, such as the second secondary support surface. The example dental implant 1 of Figs. 3A-3D, further comprises a second primary surface part 14B, a second secondary surface part 15B, and a second tertiary surface part 16B arranged between the primary support surface 21 B of the second recessed support element 20B, such as the second primary support surface, and the secondary support surface 22C of the third recessed support element 20B, such as the third secondary support surface. The example dental implant 1 of Figs. 3A to 3D, further comprises a third primary surface part 14C, a third secondary surface part 15C, and a third tertiary surface part 16C arranged between the primary support surface 21 C of the third recessed support element 20C, such as the third primary support surface, and the secondary support surface 22D of the fourth recessed support element 20D, such as the fourth secondary support surface. The example dental implant 1 of Figs. 3A to 3D, further comprises a fourth primary surface part 14D, a fourth secondary surface part 15D, and a fourth tertiary surface part 16D arranged between the primary support surface 21 D of the fourth recessed support element 20D, such as the fourth primary support surface, and the secondary support surface 22A of the first recessed support element 20A, such as the first secondary support surface. In the example dental implant of Figs. 3A-3D, the primary edge 17 is separated by the plurality of recessed support elements, such as the first, second, third, and fourth recessed support elements 20A-20D, into a plurality of parts, such as a first primary edge 17A, a second primary edge 17B, a third primary edge 17C, and a fourth primary edge 17D. Correspondingly, the secondary edge 18 is separated by the plurality of recessed support elements, such as the first, second, third, and fourth recessed support elements 20A-20D, into a plurality of parts, such as a first secondary edge 18A, a second secondary edge 18B, a third secondary edge 18C, and a fourth secondary edge 18D.

[0073] In the example dental implant of Figs. 3A to 3D, the recessed support elements 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, are recessed in the implant body 10. In other words, the primary support surface 21 A-21 D and the respective secondary support surface 22A-22D of each recessed support element 20A-20D face each other, when seen from the shortest angular distance between the first primary support surface 21 A-21 D and the first secondary support surface 22A-22D. The recessed support element 20 is configured to prevent a rotation of the dental implant 1 around the main axis XL, when inserted into the bone cavity or extraction socket in the presence of the bioadhesive composition. Upon insertion of the dental implant 1 and the bioadhesive composition into the bone cavity or extraction socket, the bioadhesive composition may enter the recess of each recessed support element 20A-20D and contact the first primary support surface 21 A-21 D and the first secondary support surface 22A-22D of each recessed support element 20A-20D respectively. Upon curing of the bioadhesive composition, the bioadhesive composition creates a form fit with the recessed support element(s) 20A-20D which prevents a rotation of the dental implant 1 .

[0074] The use of the terms “first”, “second”, “third” and “fourth”, “primary”, “secondary”, “tertiary” etc. does not imply any particular order, but are included to identify individual elements. Moreover, the use of the terms “first”, “second”, “third” and “fourth”, “primary”, “secondary”, “tertiary” etc. does not denote any order or importance, but rather the terms “first”, “second”, “third” and “fourth”, “primary”, “secondary”, “tertiary” etc. are used to distinguish one element from another. Note that the words “first”, “second”, “third” and “fourth”, “primary”, “secondary”, “tertiary” etc. are used here and elsewhere for labelling purposes only and are not intended to denote any specific spatial or temporal ordering. Furthermore, the labelling of a first element does not imply the presence of a second element and vice versa. It is to be noted that the word "comprising" does not necessarily exclude the presence of other elements or steps than those listed.

[0075] It is to be noted that the words "a" or "an" preceding an element do not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. Although features have been shown and described, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the claimed disclosure, and it will be made obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the claimed disclosure. The specification and drawings are, accordingly to be regarded in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense. The claimed disclosure is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents.

Claims

CLAIMS1 . A dental implant, the dental implant comprising: an implant body having a main axis extending from a coronal end to an apical end of the implant body; and a receptacle for receiving a secondary body, wherein the implant body has a first primary surface part extending in a first angular range less than 361 degrees about the main axis, and wherein the first primary surface part is concave along the main axis.

2. The dental implant according to claim 1 , wherein the implant comprises a first secondary surface part with a first primary edge separating the first primary surface part and the first secondary surface part.

3. The dental implant according to claim 2, wherein the first secondary surface part is concave along the main axis.

4. The dental implant according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the first primary edge has a curvature.

5. The dental implant according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the first primary edge forms an annular closed edge.

6. The dental implant according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the dental implant comprises a first tertiary surface part and a first secondary edge separating the first secondary surface part and the first tertiary surface part.

7. The dental implant according to claim 6, wherein the first tertiary surface part is concave along the main axis.

8. The dental implant according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the first secondary edge has a curvature.

9. The method according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the first primary surface, and / or the first secondary surface and / or the first tertiary surface form a respective bioadhesive cavity.

10. The dental implant according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the dental implant comprises one or more support elements having a primary support surface and a secondary support surface, wherein the first primary surface part extends between the primary support surface and the secondary support surface.11 . The dental implant according to claim 10, wherein the primary support surface, and the secondary support surface are separated by an edge arranged between the primary support surface and the secondary support surface.

12. The dental implant according to claim 10 or 11 , wherein the one or more support elements are longitudinally extending support elements.

13. The dental implant according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the one or more support elements are recessed in the implant body.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first angular range is 360 degrees.

15. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the first angular range is between 30 and 200 degrees.

16. The dental implant according to any one of the previous claims, wherein an outer surface of the dental implant is threadless.

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