Loop-type thermal control and management system for energy storage system

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of energy storage systems. Disclosed is a loop-type thermal control and management system for an energy storage system. The loop-type thermal control and management system comprises a plurality of energy storage battery packs, a condensation tank, a gas-phase pipeline and a liquid-phase pipeline, wherein a condenser is provided in the condensation tank; a gas extraction apparatus is connected to the condensation tank; the liquid-phase pipeline is in communication with the condensation tank and the plurality of energy storage battery packs; the gas-phase pipeline is in communication with the condensation tank and the plurality of energy storage battery packs; the plurality of energy storage battery packs, the liquid-phase pipeline, the gas-phase pipeline and the condensation tank are in communication with one another to form a closed loop; and a liquid-phase circulation working medium in the condensation tank passes through the liquid-phase pipeline and enters the plurality of energy storage battery packs, where battery cells serve as evaporators, a gas-phase circulation working medium in the energy storage battery packs enters the condensation tank through the gas-phase pipeline, and the gas-phase circulation working medium in the condensation tank is condensed and liquefied by means of the condenser to form the liquid-phase circulation working medium; therefore, the temperature consistency management and control and the heat exchange efficiency of the energy storage battery packs are greatly enhanced, and pump-free driving circulation is realized during the whole circulation process, thereby reducing energy consumption.

Description

Loop-type energy storage system thermal control management system Technical Field

[0001] This invention patent relates to the technical field of energy storage systems, and more specifically, to a thermal control management system for a loop-type energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] Electrochemical energy storage systems, primarily based on lithium-ion or sodium-ion batteries, are an important component of modern power systems and smart grids, and a crucial link in achieving effective grid connection of renewable energy and distributed generation.

[0003] Suitable operating temperature and temperature variations significantly affect the lifespan and consistency of energy storage systems. Furthermore, malfunctions in the energy storage system or electrical equipment can easily trigger thermal runaway, potentially leading to combustion or explosion. Real-time monitoring and control of energy storage systems through electrical, thermal, and safety management systems are the primary means of ensuring their safety. Technical issues

[0004] In existing technologies, liquid cooling technology is generally used to manage the heat dissipation of energy storage systems. Typically, a water-cooled plate is placed at the bottom and combined with a water pump circulation method to achieve heat dissipation of the energy storage system. First, in high-power charging and discharging scenarios, the temperature difference between the bottom heat dissipation surface of the battery cell and the top electrode connection surface is too large, which seriously reduces the internal consistency of the battery cell. Second, the water pump circulation also requires additional energy consumption, resulting in excessive energy consumption.

[0005] In addition, existing technologies also use the sensible heat and convection effect of the immersion medium to achieve temperature consistency management. First, when the temperature of the immersion medium rises, it is necessary to conduct the heat to the outside of the battery pack through liquid cooling plates, heat pipes, etc. Second, when a cell in the energy storage system experiences thermal runaway, the flow of gas generated by the cell, the immersion medium, and the fire-fighting medium interfere with each other, which can easily cause problems such as difficulty in venting combustible gases, difficulty in applying the fire-fighting medium to the cell, and difficulty in suppressing the spread of thermal runaway. Technical solutions

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a thermal control management system for a loop-type energy storage system, which aims to solve the problem of high energy consumption in the thermal management system of the energy storage system in the prior art.

[0007] This invention is implemented as follows: a loop-type energy storage system thermal control management system includes multiple enclosed energy storage battery packs, a condenser, a gas phase pipeline for discharging the gas phase circulating working fluid from the energy storage battery packs to the condenser, and a liquid phase pipeline for discharging the liquid phase circulating working fluid from the condenser to the energy storage battery packs. The energy storage battery packs contain battery cells. The condenser is equipped with a condenser for liquefying the gas phase circulating working fluid to form a liquid phase circulating working fluid. The condenser is connected to an air extraction device that extracts air from the condenser, the gas phase pipeline, the liquid phase pipeline, and the energy storage battery packs, or the gas phase circulating working fluid from the condenser.

[0008] The liquid phase pipeline is connected to the condenser and multiple energy storage battery packs respectively. The liquid phase circulating working fluid in the condenser is discharged to the multiple energy storage battery packs through the liquid phase pipeline. The gas phase pipeline is connected to the condenser and multiple energy storage battery packs respectively. The gas phase circulating working fluid in the multiple energy storage battery packs is discharged to the condenser through the gas phase pipeline. The multiple energy storage battery packs, liquid phase pipeline, gas phase pipeline and condenser are connected to form a closed loop.

[0009] Furthermore, the energy storage battery pack has an inner cavity, the lower part of which forms a lower cavity, and the upper part of which forms an upper cavity; the gas phase pipeline is connected to the upper cavity of the energy storage battery pack, and the liquid phase pipeline is connected to the lower cavity of the energy storage battery pack.

[0010] The lower cavity is filled with liquid circulating working fluid discharged from the condenser, the battery cell is immersed in the liquid circulating working fluid, and the upper cavity is filled with gaseous circulating working fluid formed by the vaporization of the liquid circulating working fluid in the lower cavity.

[0011] Furthermore, the gas phase pipeline has an exhaust section connected to the energy storage battery pack. The exhaust section is equipped with a pressure control valve. When the gas phase pressure of the gas phase circulating working fluid in the energy storage battery pack exceeds a set pressure value, the pressure control valve opens, and the gas phase circulating working fluid in the energy storage battery pack is discharged to the condenser through the gas phase pipeline.

[0012] The exhaust section is equipped with a fire valve, which is arranged in parallel with the pressure control valve. When the concentration of combustible gas in the gas phase circulating working fluid exceeds the alarm value, the fire valve opens, and the combustible gas mixed with the gas phase circulating working fluid in the energy storage battery pack is discharged to the condenser tank through the gas phase pipeline.

[0013] Furthermore, the upper cavity is equipped with a first gas phase pressure sensor for monitoring the gas phase pressure of the gas phase circulating working fluid and a gas phase temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the gas phase circulating working fluid; the lower cavity is equipped with an inlet temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the liquid phase circulating working fluid discharged from the liquid phase pipeline into the lower cavity.

[0014] Furthermore, the condenser has a condensation chamber, the upper part of which forms a gas phase section filled with a gaseous circulating working fluid, and the lower part of which forms a liquid phase section filled with a liquid circulating working fluid; the gas phase pipeline is connected to the gas phase section, the condenser is disposed in the gas phase section, and the liquid phase pipeline is connected to the liquid phase section.

[0015] Furthermore, the gas phase section is equipped with a second gas phase pressure sensor to monitor the pressure of the gas phase circulating working fluid. When the pressure of the gas phase circulating working fluid in the gas phase section exceeds the set pressure, the pumping device extracts the gas phase circulating working fluid from the condenser. The gas phase section is also equipped with a gas component sensor to monitor the combustible gas generated by the side reaction of thermal runaway of the battery cell.

[0016] Furthermore, the pumping device includes a vacuum pump and a diffusion tank connected to the vacuum pump. The diffusion tank is equipped with a diffusion solenoid valve and is connected to a condenser tank through the diffusion solenoid valve.

[0017] Furthermore, the outer periphery of the liquid phase pipeline is wound with a heating wire for heating the liquid phase circulating working medium in the liquid phase pipeline, and the heating wire is arranged in a spiral arrangement along the axial direction of the liquid phase pipeline; the outer periphery of the liquid phase pipeline is covered with a heat insulation layer, and the heat insulation layer covers the heating wire.

[0018] When the inlet temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the liquid circulating working fluid is lower than the set temperature, the heat exchange power of the condenser is reduced or the heating wire is turned on to heat the liquid circulating working fluid in the liquid pipeline.

[0019] Furthermore, the inner wall of the liquid phase pipeline protrudes inward to form a spiral wall, which is arranged spirally along the axial direction of the liquid phase pipeline and bends backward along the flow direction of the liquid phase circulating working fluid in the liquid phase pipeline; the outer periphery of the liquid phase pipeline is recessed inward to form a spiral groove, which is arranged spirally along the axial direction of the liquid phase pipeline, and the spiral wall is aligned with the spiral groove inside and out.

[0020] The spiral groove extends inward into the interior of the spiral wall to form an internal groove. The heating wire is embedded in the internal groove and abuts against the inner side wall of the internal groove. The heat insulation layer is embedded in the spiral groove and covers the spiral groove.

[0021] Furthermore, the middle part of the gas phase section is provided with a horizontally arranged partition mesh layer made of metal. The partition mesh layer has multiple mesh holes, which are distributed throughout the entire partition mesh layer. The partition mesh layer divides the gas phase section into an upper region and a lower region. The lower region is located below the upper region, and the gas phase pipeline is connected to the upper region.

[0022] The condenser includes an upper condenser and a lower condenser. The upper condenser is arranged horizontally in the upper region, and the lower condenser is arranged horizontally in the lower region. The upper condenser and the lower condenser are arranged at intervals with the partition mesh layer, and the upper condenser and the lower condenser are connected to the partition mesh layer through vertical pipes.

[0023] The separating mesh layer extends concavely towards the lower region to form a guide channel. The top of the guide channel extends upward and connects to the upper region, while the bottom of the guide channel extends downward and connects to the lower region. Along the guide channel from top to bottom, the diameter of the guide channel gradually decreases. Beneficial effects

[0024] Compared with existing technologies, the loop-type energy storage system thermal control management system provided by this invention connects multiple energy storage battery packs, liquid phase pipelines, gas phase pipelines, and condenser tanks to form a closed loop. The liquid phase circulating working fluid in the condenser tank enters multiple energy storage battery packs through the liquid phase pipelines, using the battery cells as evaporators. The gas phase circulating working fluid in the energy storage battery packs enters the condenser tank through the gas phase pipelines. The gas phase circulating working fluid in the condenser tank is condensed and liquefied by the condenser to form the liquid phase circulating working fluid. This greatly enhances the temperature consistency control and heat exchange intensity of the energy storage battery packs. Moreover, the entire cycle process achieves pump-free circulation, utilizing the condenser to condense the gas phase circulating working fluid, reducing the energy consumption of the integrated heat dissipation management process. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 is an internal schematic diagram of the thermal control management system of the loop-type energy storage system provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the liquid phase pipeline, heating wire and insulation layer provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the liquid phase pipeline provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 is a partial schematic diagram of the interior of the condenser provided by the present invention. The best embodiment of the present invention

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0030] The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0031] In the accompanying drawings of this embodiment, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of this invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the accompanying drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting this patent. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0032] Referring to Figures 1-4, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is provided.

[0033] The thermal control management system for the loop-type energy storage system includes multiple closed-loop energy storage battery packs, a condenser tank 500, a gas phase pipeline 300, and a liquid phase pipeline 400. The energy storage battery packs contain battery cells 200. The gas phase circulating working fluid in the energy storage battery packs is discharged to the condenser tank 500 through the gas phase pipeline 300, and the liquid phase circulating working fluid in the condenser tank 500 is discharged to the energy storage battery packs through the liquid phase pipeline 400.

[0034] The condenser tank 500 is equipped with a condenser 700, which liquefies the gaseous circulating working fluid entering the condenser tank 500 to form a liquid circulating working fluid. The condenser tank 500 is connected to an air extraction device, which can extract air or gaseous circulating working fluid from the condenser tank 500, the gas phase pipeline 300, the liquid phase pipeline 400 and the energy storage battery pack.

[0035] The liquid phase pipeline 400 is connected to the condenser tank 500 and multiple energy storage battery packs respectively. The liquid phase circulating working fluid in the condenser tank 500 is discharged to the multiple energy storage battery packs through the liquid phase pipeline 400. The gas phase pipeline 300 is connected to the condenser tank 500 and multiple energy storage battery packs respectively. The gas phase circulating working fluid in the multiple energy storage battery packs is discharged to the condenser tank 500 through the gas phase pipeline 300. The multiple energy storage battery packs, the liquid phase pipeline 400, the gas phase pipeline 300 and the condenser tank 500 are connected to form a closed loop.

[0036] After the thermal control management system of the loop-type energy storage system is connected and installed, the air in the condenser tank 500, multiple energy storage battery packs, liquid phase pipeline 400 and gas phase pipeline 300 is extracted using the air extraction equipment. The liquid phase circulating working fluid is injected into the condenser tank 500. The liquid phase circulating working fluid in the condenser tank 500 is discharged into the energy storage battery pack through the liquid phase pipeline 400 so that the battery cell 200 is immersed in the liquid phase circulating working fluid.

[0037] During the operation of multiple energy storage battery packs, the cells 200 generate heat, which causes the liquid circulating working fluid in the energy storage battery pack to vaporize and form a gaseous circulating working fluid. The pressure in the energy storage battery pack increases, and the gaseous circulating working fluid is discharged to the condenser tank 500 through the gaseous pipeline 300 to reduce the pressure in the energy storage battery pack. Under the condensing action of the condenser 700, the gaseous circulating working fluid in the condenser tank 500 is liquefied to form a liquid circulating working fluid, which is then circulated back to the energy storage battery pack through the liquid pipeline 400.

[0038] The aforementioned loop-type energy storage system thermal control management system connects multiple energy storage battery packs, liquid phase pipeline 400, gas phase pipeline 300, and condenser tank 500 to form a closed loop. The liquid phase circulating working fluid in condenser tank 500 enters multiple energy storage battery packs through liquid phase pipeline 400, with battery cell 200 acting as an evaporator. The gas phase circulating working fluid in the energy storage battery pack enters condenser tank 500 through gas phase pipeline 300. The gas phase circulating working fluid in condenser tank 500 is condensed and liquefied by condenser 700 to form liquid phase circulating working fluid, which greatly enhances the temperature consistency control and heat exchange intensity of the energy storage battery pack. Moreover, the entire cycle process achieves pump-free circulation, utilizing condenser 700 to condense the gas phase circulating working fluid, reducing the energy consumption of the integrated heat dissipation management process.

[0039] In this embodiment, the condenser 700 can be a secondary circulation heat exchange tube connected to an external refrigeration device, or it can be connected to a thermoelectric cooling chip, or it can be a finned structure that uses an external natural cold source for heat dissipation. When using a natural cold source for heat dissipation, the heat dissipation and heat loss management of the gas phase circulating working fluid condensation process can be realized with zero energy consumption.

[0040] In this embodiment, the energy storage battery pack has an inner cavity, with the lower part of the inner cavity forming a lower cavity 102 and the upper part of the inner cavity forming an upper cavity 101; the gas phase pipeline 300 is connected to the upper cavity 101 of the energy storage battery pack, and the liquid phase pipeline 400 is connected to the lower cavity 102 of the energy storage battery pack.

[0041] The lower cavity 102 is filled with liquid circulating working fluid discharged from the condenser 500, and the battery cell 200 is immersed in the liquid circulating working fluid. The upper cavity 101 is filled with gaseous circulating working fluid formed by the vaporization of the liquid circulating working fluid in the lower cavity 102.

[0042] During operation, the battery cell 200 generates heat. Using the cell 200 as an evaporator, the liquid-phase circulating working fluid in the lower cavity 102 is heated, and some of it vaporizes to form a gaseous-phase circulating working fluid. This gaseous-phase circulating working fluid fills the upper cavity 101, causing an increase in the pressure of the energy storage battery pack. The gas phase pipeline 300 is connected to the upper cavity 101 to facilitate the discharge of the gaseous-phase circulating working fluid in the upper cavity 101 to the condenser tank 500. The liquid phase pipeline 400 is connected to the lower cavity 102 to facilitate the discharge of the liquid-phase circulating working fluid in the lower cavity 102 to the energy storage battery pack.

[0043] In this embodiment, the gas phase pipeline 300 has an exhaust section 303 connected to the energy storage battery pack. The exhaust section 303 is equipped with a pressure control valve 301. When the gas phase pressure of the gas phase circulating working fluid in the energy storage battery pack exceeds the set pressure value, the pressure control valve 301 opens, and the gas phase circulating working fluid in the energy storage battery pack is discharged to the condenser tank 500 through the gas phase pipeline 300.

[0044] The exhaust section 303 is equipped with a fire valve 302, which is arranged in parallel with the pressure control valve 301. When the concentration of combustible gas in the gas phase circulating working fluid exceeds the alarm value, the fire valve 302 opens, and the combustible gas mixed with the gas phase circulating working fluid in the energy storage battery pack is discharged to the condenser tank 500 through the gas phase pipeline 300.

[0045] When the pressure control valve 301 is opened, the gaseous circulating working fluid in the energy storage battery pack enters the exhaust section 303, then enters the gas phase pipeline 300, and is discharged into the condenser tank 500.

[0046] When the cell 200 in the energy storage battery pack experiences thermal runaway, it is initially characterized by increased heat generation and a rapid rise in temperature. At this time, the vaporization phase change process of the liquid circulating working fluid in the energy storage battery pack accelerates, and the opening frequency of the pressure control valve 301 increases. Under the heat of phase change, the cell 200 is cooled down, and the development of thermal runaway is gradually suppressed.

[0047] When the cooling process still cannot stop the thermal runaway of the battery cell 200, the explosion-proof valve of the battery cell 200 will open and release the combustible gas. The combustible gas mixes with the gas phase circulating working fluid and enters the condenser 500 through the pressure control valve 301 and the gas phase pipeline 300. The combustible gas accumulates in the upper cavity 101 of the condenser 500.

[0048] When the concentration of combustible gas reaches the alarm value and the source of the combustible gas is determined, the fire valve 302 can be opened quickly to increase the heat exchange power of the condenser 700 and the extraction equipment can be turned on periodically to ensure the closed-loop circulation while quickly extracting the gaseous circulating working fluid mixed with combustible gas from the condenser tank 500.

[0049] In this embodiment, the upper cavity 101 is provided with a first gas phase pressure sensor 103 and a gas phase temperature sensor 104 for monitoring the gas phase pressure of the gas phase circulating working fluid. The first gas phase pressure sensor 103 monitors the gas phase pressure of the gas phase circulating working fluid in the upper cavity 101, and the gas phase temperature sensor 104 monitors the temperature of the gas phase circulating working fluid in the upper cavity 101. The lower cavity 102 is provided with an inlet temperature sensor 105 for monitoring the temperature of the liquid phase circulating working fluid discharged from the liquid phase pipeline 400 to the lower cavity 102. The inlet temperature sensor 105 monitors the temperature of the liquid phase circulating working fluid discharged from the liquid phase pipeline 400 to the lower cavity 102.

[0050] The first gas phase pressure sensor 103, gas phase temperature sensor 104, and liquid inlet temperature sensor 105 are used to assess the pressure and temperature conditions inside the energy storage battery pack. When the temperature obtained by the liquid inlet temperature sensor is too low, the heat exchange power of the condenser 700 in the condenser tank 500 is reduced, or the temperature of the liquid circulating working fluid in the liquid phase pipeline 400 is increased to achieve temperature compensation for the low temperature environment.

[0051] In this embodiment, the condenser 500 has a condensation chamber. The upper part of the condensation chamber forms a gas phase section 503 filled with a gas phase circulating working fluid, and the lower part of the condensation chamber forms a liquid phase section 502 filled with a liquid phase circulating working fluid. The gas phase pipeline 300 is connected to the gas phase section 503, the condenser 700 is disposed in the gas phase section 503, and the liquid phase pipeline 400 is connected to the liquid phase section 502.

[0052] The gaseous circulating working fluid entering the gas phase section 503 is liquefied by the condenser 700 to form a liquid circulating working fluid, which then falls downward into the liquid phase section 502.

[0053] In this embodiment, the gas phase section 503 is equipped with a second gas phase pressure sensor 505 for monitoring the pressure of the gas phase circulating working fluid. When the pressure of the gas phase circulating working fluid in the gas phase section 503 exceeds the set pressure, the pumping device extracts the gas phase circulating working fluid from the condenser 500. The gas phase section 503 is also equipped with a gas component sensor 504 for monitoring the combustible gas generated by the thermal runaway side reaction of the battery cell 200.

[0054] If the gaseous circulating working fluid flowing into the condenser 500 contains non-condensable gas components, such as air that has not been completely vented, the pumping equipment will start after the pressure monitored by the second gas phase pressure sensor 505 of the condenser 500 reaches the set pressure, and the gaseous circulating working fluid mixed with non-condensable gas components will be extracted from the condenser 500.

[0055] In addition, if the battery pack cannot prevent the thermal runaway of cell 200 during the cooling process, the explosion-proof valve of cell 200 will open and release combustible gas. The combustible gas mixes with the gas phase circulating working fluid and enters the condenser 500 through the pressure control valve 301 and the gas phase pipeline 300. The combustible gas accumulates in the gas phase section 503 of the condenser 500.

[0056] The gas component sensor 504 is used to monitor the combustible gas generated by the thermal runaway side reaction of the battery cell 200. When the concentration of combustible gas reaches the alarm value, the source of combustible gas is determined based on the pressure value change monitored by the first gas phase pressure sensor 103. The fire valve 302 is opened quickly, the heat exchange power of the condenser 700 is increased, and the gas extraction equipment is periodically turned on to ensure the closed loop circulation while quickly extracting the gas phase circulation of the mixed combustible gas in the condenser tank 500.

[0057] In this embodiment, the air extraction device includes a vacuum pump 600 and a diffusion tank 501 connected to the vacuum pump 600. The diffusion tank 501 is equipped with a diffusion solenoid valve 507, and the diffusion tank 501 is connected to the condenser tank 500 through the diffusion solenoid valve 507.

[0058] A heating wire 402 for heating the liquid circulating working medium in the liquid phase pipeline 400 is wound around the outer periphery of the liquid phase pipeline 400. The heating wire 402 is arranged in a spiral arrangement along the axial direction of the liquid phase pipeline 400. The outer periphery of the liquid phase pipeline 400 is covered by a heat insulation layer 401, which covers the heating wire 402.

[0059] When the inlet temperature sensor 105 detects that the temperature of the liquid circulating working fluid is lower than the set temperature, the heat exchange power of the condenser 700 is reduced, or the heating wire 402 is turned on to heat the liquid circulating working fluid in the liquid pipeline 400.

[0060] In summary, the specific operating states of the thermal control management system of the loop energy storage system are as follows:

[0061] First, after the thermal control management system of the loop energy storage system is connected and installed, the liquid injection process steps are as follows: keep the diffusion solenoid valve 507 and pressure control valve 301 open, and the vacuum pump 600 extracts air from the condenser tank 500, gas phase pipeline 300, liquid phase pipeline 400 and multiple energy storage battery packs through the diffusion tank 501.

[0062] Once the internal vacuum reaches the set value, the diffusion solenoid valve 507 and the pressure control valve 301 are closed, and the liquid filling valve 509 on the condenser tank 500 is opened. The liquid circulating working fluid is drawn in by the liquid filling valve 509 and injected into each energy storage battery pack and the liquid phase pipeline 400. Then the liquid filling valve 509 is closed.

[0063] To prevent the explosion-proof valves of the cells 200 in the energy storage battery pack from opening in a low-pressure environment during the vacuuming process, the above steps can be repeated multiple times to vacuum and inject liquid circulating working fluid until the air in the thermal control management system of the loop energy storage system is exhausted and replaced by gaseous and liquid circulating working fluids. The amount of liquid circulating working fluid injected into each energy storage battery pack can be adjusted by the pressure control valve 301.

[0064] Secondly, during normal operation, the thermal management system of the loop-type energy storage system operates as follows: the battery cell 200 of the energy storage battery pack acts as an evaporator. After generating heat, it causes the liquid circulating working fluid to vaporize, increasing the pressure in the energy storage battery pack. When the pressure reaches the set value, the pressure control valve 301 opens, and the gaseous circulating working fluid in the energy storage battery pack is discharged to the gas phase pipeline 300, and then discharged to the condenser tank 500 through the gas phase pipeline 300.

[0065] In the condenser 500, the gaseous circulating working fluid is liquefied under the action of the condenser 700 and flows back to the liquid phase section 502 of the condenser 500, and is replenished to the energy storage battery pack to form a closed-loop circulation. If the gaseous circulating working fluid flowing to the condenser 500 contains non-condensable gas components, such as air that has not been completely discharged, the diffusion solenoid valve 507 opens after the pressure monitored by the second gas phase pressure sensor 505 in the condenser 500 reaches the design pressure. The gaseous circulating working fluid mixed with non-condensable gas components enters the diffusion tank 501 through the diffusion solenoid valve 507 and is extracted by the vacuum pump 600.

[0066] The liquid inlet temperature sensor 105, the first gas phase pressure sensor 103, and the gas phase temperature sensor 104 in the energy storage battery pack are used to evaluate the temperature and pressure status inside the battery pack. When the liquid inlet temperature sensor 105 detects a low temperature, the heat exchange power of the condenser 700 is reduced, or the heating wire 402 on the liquid phase pipeline 400 is turned on to achieve temperature compensation for the low temperature environment.

[0067] In addition, during the thermal runaway of cell 200, the monitoring and fire control methods are as follows: When a cell 200 in the energy storage battery pack experiences thermal runaway, it is initially characterized by increased heat generation and a rapid rise in temperature. At this time, the vaporization phase change process of the liquid circulating working fluid in the energy storage battery pack accelerates, and the opening frequency of the pressure control valve 301 increases. Under the heat of phase change, cell 200 will be cooled down and the development of thermal runaway will be gradually suppressed. When the cooling process still cannot stop the development of thermal runaway of cell 200, the explosion-proof valve of cell 200 will open and release combustible gas. The combustible gas mixes with the gaseous circulating working fluid and enters the condenser 500 through the pressure control valve 301 and the gaseous pipeline 300. The combustible gas and the gaseous circulating working fluid accumulate in the gaseous section 503.

[0068] Gas component sensor 504 monitors the combustible gas generated by the thermal runaway side reaction of battery cell 200. When the concentration of combustible gas reaches the alarm value, the source of combustible gas is determined based on the pressure change monitored by the first gas phase pressure sensor 103 in the energy storage battery pack. The fire valve 302 is opened quickly, the heat exchange power of condenser 700 is increased, and diffusion solenoid valve 507 and vacuum pump 600 are periodically opened to ensure closed-loop circulation while rapidly discharging the gas phase circulating working fluid mixed with combustible gas.

[0069] In this embodiment, the inner wall of the liquid phase pipeline 400 protrudes inward to form a spiral wall 403. The spiral wall 403 is arranged spirally along the axial direction of the liquid phase pipeline 400 and bends backward along the flow direction of the liquid phase circulating working medium in the liquid phase pipeline 400. The outer periphery of the liquid phase pipeline 400 is recessed inward to form a spiral groove 404. The spiral groove 404 is arranged spirally along the axial direction of the liquid phase pipeline 400, and the spiral wall 403 and the spiral groove 404 are aligned inside and outside.

[0070] The spiral groove 404 extends inward into the interior of the spiral wall 403 to form an internal groove 405. The heating wire 402 is embedded in the internal groove 405 and abuts against the inner side wall of the internal groove 405. The heat insulation layer 401 is embedded in the spiral groove 404 and covers the spiral groove 404.

[0071] First, by setting up a swirling wall 403, and ensuring that the swirling wall 403 flows away from the liquid circulating working fluid, the swirling wall 403 can guide the liquid circulating working fluid to swirl and flow in the liquid pipeline 400, thus enabling controllable flow velocity of the liquid circulating working fluid. Second, the heating wire 402 is embedded in the built-in groove 405, conducting heat to the swirling wall 403, which can achieve a more efficient heating effect on the liquid circulating working fluid and enhance the inward heat conduction of the heat emitted by the heating wire 402, reducing the outward diffusion of heat emitted by the heating wire 402 away from the liquid pipeline 400. In addition, by arranging an insulation layer 401, and embedding the insulation layer 401 in the swirling groove 404, it is easy to fix the insulation layer 401 relative to the liquid pipeline 400, thereby reducing the outward diffusion of heat away from the liquid pipeline 400.

[0072] In this embodiment, a horizontally arranged partition mesh layer 706 made of metal is provided in the middle of the gas phase section 503. The partition mesh layer 706 has multiple mesh holes, which are arranged throughout the entire partition mesh layer 706. The partition mesh layer 706 divides the gas phase section 503 into an upper region 701 and a lower region 702. The lower region 702 is located below the upper region 701, and the gas phase pipeline 300 is connected to the upper region 701.

[0073] The condenser 700 includes an upper condenser 704 and a lower condenser 703. The upper condenser 704 is arranged laterally in the upper region 701, and the lower condenser 703 is arranged laterally in the lower region 702. The upper condenser 704 and the lower condenser 703 are arranged at intervals with the partition mesh layer 706, and the upper condenser 704 and the lower condenser 703 are connected to the partition mesh layer 706 through vertical pipes 705.

[0074] The partition mesh layer 706 extends concavely toward the lower region 702 to form a guide channel 707. The top of the guide channel 707 extends upward and connects to the upper region 701, while the bottom of the guide channel 707 extends downward and connects to the lower region 702. Along the top-to-bottom direction of the guide channel 707, the diameter of the guide channel 707 gradually decreases.

[0075] First, by arranging the upper condenser 704, the partition mesh layer 706, and the lower condenser 703, multi-layered condensation from top to bottom is achieved, which can more quickly condense the gaseous circulating working fluid in the gas phase section 503 into a liquid circulating working fluid from top to bottom. Second, by arranging the partition mesh layer 706, which has multiple mesh openings and is connected to both the upper condenser 704 and the lower condenser 703, a larger contact condensation area for the gaseous circulating working fluid can be achieved. In addition, the partition mesh layer 706 forms a guide channel 707, which can guide the flow of the gaseous circulating working fluid. During the flow, a larger contact area can be achieved with the gaseous circulating working fluid, resulting in a more efficient condensation effect. It can also guide the downward flow of the liquefied liquid circulating working fluid. Furthermore, a very small portion of the liquefied liquid circulating working fluid can be distributed on the partition mesh layer 706, which can further improve the condensation efficiency of the gaseous circulating working fluid.

[0076] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal control management system for a loop-type energy storage system, characterized in that, The device includes multiple enclosed energy storage battery packs, a condenser, a gas phase pipeline for discharging the gas phase circulating working fluid from the energy storage battery packs to the condenser, and a liquid phase pipeline for discharging the liquid phase circulating working fluid from the condenser to the energy storage battery packs. The energy storage battery packs contain battery cells. The condenser is equipped with a condenser for liquefying the gas phase circulating working fluid to form a liquid phase circulating working fluid. The condenser is connected to an air extraction device that extracts air from the condenser, the gas phase pipeline, the liquid phase pipeline, and the energy storage battery packs, or the gas phase circulating working fluid from the condenser. The liquid phase pipeline is connected to the condenser and multiple energy storage battery packs respectively. The liquid phase circulating working fluid in the condenser is discharged to the multiple energy storage battery packs through the liquid phase pipeline. The gas phase pipeline is connected to the condenser and multiple energy storage battery packs respectively. The gas phase circulating working fluid in the multiple energy storage battery packs is discharged to the condenser through the gas phase pipeline. The multiple energy storage battery packs, liquid phase pipeline, gas phase pipeline and condenser are connected to form a closed loop.

2. The thermal control management system for a loop-type energy storage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage battery pack has an inner cavity, the lower part of which forms a lower cavity and the upper part of which forms an upper cavity; the gas phase pipeline is connected to the upper cavity of the energy storage battery pack, and the liquid phase pipeline is connected to the lower cavity of the energy storage battery pack. The lower cavity is filled with liquid circulating working fluid discharged from the condenser, the battery cell is immersed in the liquid circulating working fluid, and the upper cavity is filled with gaseous circulating working fluid formed by the vaporization of the liquid circulating working fluid in the lower cavity.

3. The thermal control management system for a loop-type energy storage system as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The gas phase pipeline has an exhaust section connected to the energy storage battery pack. The exhaust section is equipped with a pressure control valve. When the gas phase pressure of the gas phase circulating working fluid in the energy storage battery pack exceeds the set pressure value, the pressure control valve opens, and the gas phase circulating working fluid in the energy storage battery pack is discharged to the condenser through the gas phase pipeline. The exhaust section is equipped with a fire valve, which is arranged in parallel with the pressure control valve. When the concentration of combustible gas in the gas phase circulating working fluid exceeds the alarm value, the fire valve opens, and the combustible gas mixed with the gas phase circulating working fluid in the energy storage battery pack is discharged to the condenser tank through the gas phase pipeline.

4. The thermal control management system for a loop-type energy storage system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The upper cavity is equipped with a first gas phase pressure sensor for monitoring the gas phase pressure of the gas phase circulating working fluid and a gas phase temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the gas phase circulating working fluid; the lower cavity is equipped with an inlet temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the liquid phase circulating working fluid discharged from the liquid phase pipeline into the lower cavity.

5. The thermal control management system for a loop-type energy storage system as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The condenser has a condensation chamber, the upper part of which forms a gas phase section filled with a gaseous circulating working fluid, and the lower part of which forms a liquid phase section filled with a liquid circulating working fluid; the gas phase pipeline is connected to the gas phase section, the condenser is disposed in the gas phase section, and the liquid phase pipeline is connected to the liquid phase section.

6. The thermal control management system for a loop-type energy storage system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The gas phase section is equipped with a second gas phase pressure sensor to monitor the pressure of the gas phase circulating working fluid. When the pressure of the gas phase circulating working fluid in the gas phase section exceeds the set pressure, the pumping device extracts the gas phase circulating working fluid from the condenser. The gas phase section is also equipped with a gas component sensor to monitor the combustible gas generated by the thermal runaway side reaction of the battery cell.

7. The thermal control management system for a loop-type energy storage system as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The air extraction device includes a vacuum pump and a diffusion tank connected to the vacuum pump. The diffusion tank is equipped with a diffusion solenoid valve and is connected to a condenser tank through the diffusion solenoid valve.

8. The thermal control management system for a loop-type energy storage system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The outer periphery of the liquid phase pipeline is wound with a heating wire for heating the liquid phase circulating working medium in the liquid phase pipeline, and the heating wire is arranged in a spiral arrangement along the axial direction of the liquid phase pipeline; the outer periphery of the liquid phase pipeline is covered with a heat insulation layer, and the heat insulation layer covers the heating wire. When the inlet temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the liquid circulating working fluid is lower than the set temperature, the heat exchange power of the condenser is reduced or the heating wire is turned on to heat the liquid circulating working fluid in the liquid pipeline.

9. The thermal control management system for a loop-type energy storage system as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The inner wall of the liquid phase pipeline protrudes inward to form a spiral wall, which is arranged spirally along the axial direction of the liquid phase pipeline. Along the flow direction of the liquid phase circulating working fluid in the liquid phase pipeline, the spiral wall is bent backward. The outer periphery of the liquid phase pipeline is recessed inward to form a spiral groove, which is arranged spirally along the axial direction of the liquid phase pipeline. The spiral wall is aligned with the spiral groove inside and out. The spiral groove extends inward into the interior of the spiral wall to form an internal groove. The heating wire is embedded in the internal groove and abuts against the inner side wall of the internal groove. The heat insulation layer is embedded in the spiral groove and covers the spiral groove.

10. The thermal control management system for a loop-type energy storage system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The gas phase section has a horizontally arranged partition mesh layer made of metal in the middle. The partition mesh layer has multiple mesh holes, which are distributed throughout the entire partition mesh layer. The partition mesh layer divides the gas phase section into an upper region and a lower region. The lower region is located below the upper region. The gas phase pipeline is connected to the upper region. The condenser includes an upper condenser and a lower condenser. The upper condenser is arranged horizontally in the upper region, and the lower condenser is arranged horizontally in the lower region. The upper condenser and the lower condenser are arranged at intervals with the partition mesh layer, and the upper condenser and the lower condenser are connected to the partition mesh layer through vertical pipes. The separating mesh layer extends concavely towards the lower region to form a guide channel. The top of the guide channel extends upward and connects to the upper region, while the bottom of the guide channel extends downward and connects to the lower region. Along the guide channel from top to bottom, the diameter of the guide channel gradually decreases.

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